FGD_KAMBALA_YOUTHFEMALE_29 Sep 2017
Interviewer(s): F002
Interviewee(s): P

F002: How are you dear sisters?

P: We are good

F002: My name is Zahara Majili I am with sister Mariana Kinabo, we are in Kambala village talking with female youth. We are from Sokoine University and we are working with international organisation which deals with pastoralism based in Dar es Salaam and Nairobi. We are also working with Emory University based in America. We are doing research to study more about food changes in the Kambala community. We came here in February 2017 there were issues that raised in February discussion which we want to learn more about, this discussion will help us to understand what best we can do improve the food and nutrition and diet in the community and house hold. We will be recording and note taking to make sure we capture everything, we would like if you all will participate fully, the conversation is confidential.... Content processes proceeding

Are you are consenting to participate?

P: Yes-(All)

F002: First section will talk about food change, second part will be on milk and third one on the use of blood, section four is about food selection and fifth is how school affecting the youth also lastly will be on information about diet and nutrition. Starting with the first section; the food type has changed and the way we cook is also changes. Is this true or false?

P: It is true

F002: Please tell me how this has changed overtime? Please don’t keep quite

P: In the past we liked to eat more meat, milk because we were living far with the village, but now we are living with other tribes, so they are encouraging us and also, we see how they eat, we buy food eaten by other tribes

F002: What foods that you are eating now but in the past you didn’t?

P: Rice, banana,

F002: The way you used to cook the meat in the past is the same to current time?

P: We used to grill in the past but now we are boiling

F002: What cause these changes? All please? Do you used to eat chips with egg?

P: They did not eat chips in the past

F002: What about Zigua and Wagogo?

P: They were not eating

F002: What contributed Masai to eat chips with egg?

P: Education, the youth who went to school are educated and hence they educate their parents. They are educated because in the school there is interaction with others hence they change. Also the environment is different with what they used to, For instance we used to boil banana but now they say you can fry banana/plantain, you can roast with tomatoes and carrots

F002: We heard about roasting, what else? We have seen the changes what else?

P: (quite)

F002: Our colleague said there is interaction, and education. What caused Masai to eat, chicken, vegetables?

P: I can say technology because in the past we used to live in forest but now we have changed according to the prevailing situation.

F002: Can you explain

P: Yes, we have phone now days, the social networks have changed us. We are watching food in the social networks and we imitate that

F002: What else? Why are you eating chips more than in the past?

P: I don’t know

F002: mhh

P: It is education because; through exposure you can see things which you didn’t know before

F002: mhhh

P: For instance, eating fish, this also contributes

F002: P400, please tell us in local language what you think are the reasons?

P: We just found people have changed

F002: P400 what are you saying?

P: 

F002: How cooking energy has contributed to food change? This means firewood, does it have contributed any of the changes in any way?

P: No

F002: What about the customs and traditions?

P: Because of the education and exposure they have changed from boiling food to frying, roasting with tomatoes, onion, cooking oil

F002: What else give us an example?

P: Masai they used to have the time where they would go to the forest and eat meat, but now they don’t have that. They used to stay in the forest for almost a month, but now they are at their homes eating together

F002: What about roles changes in the society? What activities you were not used to do but you are doing now

P: They are cultivating now, rice, sunflower, beans

F002: How that is contributing to food change?

P: It is because we eat that food we cultivate

F002: What other roles? What about life system? That in the past we used to depend only on certain issues but now we have changed?

P: The income has changed now compared to the past

F002: another reason?

P: We are doing petty business now

F002: mhh

P: We have various foods

F002: another one?

P: Because of education people changed from natural food to the current one, also the exposure has contributed to that

F002: Another one, do you all agree that the price has contributed to that?

P: Yes, I think the price is a bit high compared to the past. The price has not contributed much because you may find a product sold for about 3000Tsh but now is 5000Tsh.

F002: Did that contributed you to change food

P: No, we are eating because we are used to

F002: How high price has contributed to the food change?

P: The price changes in various seasons

F002: How low price especially during the harvesting time is contributing to the food changes

P: Example, when it is approaching the rainy seasons the food price rises up while in harvesting the price drops

F002: How that is contributing to food change?

P: It is affecting if the price is high you will change from eating example Irish potatoes to another food

F002: Do we hear about how our fellow said, how others are thinking?

P: quite

F002: We have mentioned a lot of problems contributing to food change perhaps what about food availability?

P: QUITE-

F002: P401 can you explain in vernacular so that they could understand?

Did they understand? They are so quite

P: Because there is a market nearby in Kambala with various foods so it contributed to changes to eat various foods

F002: We have mentioned interaction, price, food availability and technology, traditions from boiling to roasting among Wapare. What contributed much among these reasons?

P: Education has contributed more because when someone is educated they become knowledgeable; we learn this from school

F002: What do you learn from school?

P: We learn because of the interaction in school

F002: The second one?

P: The availability of the market near to our place

F002: Which one is the second between tribe interaction and market availability?

P: The second one is interaction with other tribes

F002: the third one?

P: The third one is availability of market

F002: What contributed less? We have remained with technology and exposure, price and tradition

P: The price because in the past it was very low but now is too high

F002: Mmh, the price has contributed less

P: Yes, I can also say technology

F002: the third one, what about traditions? Which contributed less?

P: I can say tradition because not all are interacting

F002: Okay, the other section is about milk. Why you think milk is important to you?

P: Milk is important because it is contributing to the body health improvement because you become very healthy

F002: How that healthy?

P: It improves the health

F002: Why do you drink milk?

P: It is because it is delicious, they are helping the body to improve and also can contribute to get vitamin

F002: Why you drink milk?

P: It is our food

F002: We have seen the milk improve the body health and bring vitamins to the body? Any other importance of the milk

P: It is importance as medicine to heal the ulcers and also is a diet/nutrition

F002: Can you explain about the diet/nutrition?

P: It improve the body health

F002: What can you say; is milk more important or less compared to the past in the times of our parents growing? Its importance is still the same

P: I can say in the past it was very important because currently it is taken as part of luxury and entertaining (accompanying)

F002: What about others P400?

P: In the past was important because was easily available but now it is not available, and the price is high compared to low price in the past

F002: mhhh, another one P402?

P: Quite-all

F002: Let’s talk about blood, think of your parents when they were young like you, was milk important in the past? What are you saying?

P: In the past they used to drink because they didn’t have any other food no stiff porridge, they used to go in the forest to eat meat, but now they are eating chips with eggs with a little milk not us before

F002: Why do you think contributed to that?

P: Because we have a lot of food

F002: Let’s talk about blood eating what time is blood eaten?

P: Like us Masai, we use blood if you are pregnant; if you are told you have less blood in the hospital

F002: What do you mix the blood with?

P: It is not mixed with anything

F002: What about others who eat blood?

P: When you are pregnant and when you deliver/give birth

F002: Do Wapare use blood?

P: Yes, they eat

F002: What do you do when a person delivered especially Maasai?

P: After stubbing the cow we take the blood and send it to the mother who gave birth/delivered because it will contribute for her have more blood in the body

F002: What about Wazigua? What are occasion when blood is consumed? Is it in the celebration?

P: When they go to play local dance they eat the blood

F002: What about women

P: When you see you are not doing good

F002: Let see the blood use comparing the past and present, how is it important now compared to the past, what can you say?

P: It is the same as in the past it is less consumed

F002: What about Wapare?

P: It is less consumed compared to the past

F002: How are these food changes /affecting the youth in this community?

P: It is affecting them because if he is used to eat chips and he don’t have money they could go to steal so that they get the money to buy chips

F002: What about your age group youth?

P: Some can engage in sexual intercourse with men so that they could get the money for chips

F002: What about others?

P: In the past, the youth were so strong but currently the youth are not strong as before because in the past a youth can catch the cow and make it fall down but now they can’t because they eat chips there are no natural foods

F002: What caused the natural foods to disappear

P: They just disappeared

F002: How these changes have made the relation in your community to deteriorate? Masai, Wapare and Wagogo? Lets start with Wapare?

P: I cannot see any effects

F002: What about Wamasai? P402?

P: Quite-

F002: Let us think about when you want to eat either lunch or dinner what criteria contribute for you to select/choose food? P400 what you have eaten?

P: Stiff porridge and beans

F002: what made you to choose that?

P: Is the desire

F002: Another one?

P: The availability

F002: else

P: The arrangement

F002: Who arrange that

P: Arrangement in the family

F002: Another one?

P: The money you have

F002: P402 what made you eat Stiff porridge and beans

P: I like it eat

F002: Another?

P: Food you have in the house

F002: mhh, you have mentioned, money, desire, arrangement and food you have...Among all these what is contributing more? which one is the first?

P: What you have in the house

F002: Then

P: Availability

F002: Then

P: Money

F002: Then

P: Arrangement

F002: then

P: Nothing

F002: Is this listing the correct you all or not

P: It is the correct

F002: Then why this listing?

P: It is because of our environment we have if you want chips you must have irish potatoes at home

F002: Our colleague said the availability, what about others, why you arranged in such a way?

P: Because, you can buy things which cannot go to the end of the month, so you eat what you have in the house in the morning and evening time

F002: What about others?

How is school affecting your participation in community or house hold work?

P: It affected because the youth are sent to the boarding school, the stay there for six months so by staying there for a long time they don’t eat the same type of the food

F002: mhh another one

P: They also don’t work so much

F002: mhh

P: The income

F002: mhh another? why is that?

P: In the boarding they don’t work

F002: Mhh thank you for your time, but I have some few questions. I would like to know where and how the youth can learn about diet and food that will contribute to have good health.

Where are you getting information or where did you hear information about diet?

P: In the school and TV

F002: where else?

P: In the health seminars

F002: mhh

P: When we go out of the village

F002: what else? can you explain more about school?

P: In the science subjects we learn about diet and nutrition

F002: mhh what about TV

P: We learn in the programmes which discuss and show the food preparation

F002: what about others,

P: We are not all watching TV

F002: In the seminars, what are those seminars

P: In the clinic we learn about cooking porridge for our children

F002: What are its important?

P: By eating vegetable you increase blood in your body and improve your health, eating more fruits

F002: what about going out of the village in relation to learning diet/nutrition?

P: We learn by looking and observing how others cook

F002: How are those teaching important to you?

P: We are learning cleanliness and eating fruits like when you are pregnant so that you become healthier

F002: Do all teaching help you to arrange your diet/food

P: Yes, it helps us

F002: What can we do so that this information can be important to you I mean so that many will use this information?

P: By providing seminars to all people

F002: mh. Any other opinion

P: Enrol more children to school and getting exposure out of the village

F002: mhh another one?

How these seminars should be?

P: They should make public announcement and teach its importance even once per year

F002: Another way?

P: By using fliers to families

F002: Others, what are you saying, what if these training could be through radio, church? TV?

P: In the church also

F002: Mhhh

P: People should be taught because some will not understand those fliers distributed

F002: Who will teach/who provide this education?

P: The village leaders, teachers and doctors

F002: Okay I appreciate your cooperation though the participation were very low,

Anybody with the opinion or question?

P: No one