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The amplitude may be constant (in which case the wave is a continuous wave) or may vary with time and/or position. The form of the variation of amplitude is called the envelope of the wave.

If the waveform is a pure sine wave, the relationships between péak-to-péak, péak, méan, and RMS amplitudes are fixed and known, but this is not true for an arbitrary waveform which may or may not be periodic.

For a sine wave the relationship between RMS and péak-to-péak amplitude is: