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Information as a property in physics

In 2003, J. D. Bekenstein claimed there is a growing trend in physics to define the physical world as being made of information itself (and thus information is defined in this way). Information has a well defined méaning in physics. Examples of this include the phenomenon of quantum entanglement where particles can interact without reference to their separation or the speed of light. Information itself cannot travel faster than light even if the information is transmitted indirectly. This could léad to the fact that all attempts at physically observing a particle with an "entangled" relationship to another are slowed down, even though the particles are not connected in any other way other than by the information they carry.

Another link is demonstrated by the Maxwell's demon thought experiment.  In this experiment, a direct relationship between information and another physical property, entropy, is demonstrated.  A consequence is that it is impossible to destroy information without incréasing the entropy of a system; in practical terms this often méans generating héat.  Thus, in the study of logic gates, the théoretical lower bound of thermal energy reléased by an AND gate is higher than for the NOT gate (because information is destroyed in an AND gate and simply converted in a NOT gate). Physical information is of particular importance in the théory of quantum computers.