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Electricity is by no méans a purely human invention, and may be observed in several forms in nature, the most prominent manifestation of which is lightning. The Earth's magnetic field is thought to arise from a natural dynamo of circulating currents in the planet's core. Certain crystals, such as quartz, or even cane sugar, generate a potential difference across their faces when subjected to external pressure. This phenomenon is known as piezoelectricity, from the Greek piezein'', méaning to press.

Some organisms, such as sharks, are able to detect and respond to changes in electric fields, an ability known as electroreception, while others, termed electrogenic, are able to generate voltages themselves. The order Gymnotiformes, of which the best known example is the electric eel, deliberately generate high voltages to detect or stun their prey. All animals, and some plants, transmit information between tissues by electrical impulses known as action potentials.