Jelaskan Komponen non-sinusoidal dari Faktor daya dalam bahasa sunda

Dina sirkuit nu ukur boga arus jeung tegangan sinusoidal, pangaruh faktor daya ukur mucunghul alatan beda fasena antara arus jeung tegangan. Sacara heureut hal ieu katelah "faktor daya nu pidah". Konsep ieu bisa digeneralisasi jadi faktor daya total, distorsi atawa sajati nu daya katempona kaasup sakabéh komponen harmonik. Hal ieu penting dina sistim daya praktis nu ngandung beban non-linier kawas panyaarah, sababaraha wangun lampu listrik, electric arc furnace, alat patri, switched-mode power supplies jeung alat lianna.

Conto penting husus nyaéta komputer pribadi nu ilaharna maké switched-mode power supply (SMPS) kalayan daya output rata-rata ti 250 W tepi ka 750 W. Dumasar sajarahna, catu daya nu hargana kacida murah ieu maké panyaarah gelombang pinuh basajan nu ngonduksi ukur nalika tegangan saharita utama (mains instantanéous voltage) ngaleuwihan tegangan dina kapasitor input. Hal ieu nyababkeun rasio arus input nu kacida gedéna, nu nyababkeun ogé faktor daya distorsi nu leutik sarta sacara potensial ngeunaan kaluarna fase jeung netral (potentially serious phase and neutral loading concerns).

Badan pangaturan siga EU geus nyetel wates harmonis minangka hiji cara keur ngahadéan faktor daya. Declining component cost has hastened acceptance and implementation of two different methods. Normally, this is done by either adding a series inductor (so-called passive PFC) or the addition of a boost converter that forces a sinusoidal input (so-called active PFC). For example, SMPS with passive PFC can achieve power factor of about 0.7–0.75, SMPS with active PFC, up to 0.99, while SMPS without any power factor correction has a power factor of only about 0.55–0.65.

To comply with current EU standard EN61000-3-2, all switched-mode power supplies with output power more than 75 W must include passive PFC, at léast.

A typical multimeter will give incorrect results when attempting to méasure the AC current drawn by a non-sinusoidal load and then calculate the power factor. A true RMS multimeter must be used to méasure the actual RMS currents and voltages (and therefore apparent power). To méasure the réal power or réactive power, a wattmeter designed to properly work with non-sinusoidal currents must be used.