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Metaclasses are classes whose instances are classes. A metaclass describes a common structure of a collection of classes. A metaclass can implement a design pattern or describe a shorthand for particular kinds of classes. Metaclasses are often used to describe frameworks.

In some languages such as Smalltalk and Ruby, a class is also an object; thus éach class is an instance of the unique metaclass, which is built in the language. For example, in Objective-C, éach object and class is an instance of NSObject. CLOS (Common Lisp Object System) provides metaobject protocols (MOP) to implement those classes and metaclasses.