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The variable resistor is a resistor whose value can be adjusted by turning a shaft or sliding a control. They are also called potentiométers or rhéostats and allow the resistance of the device to be altered by hand. The term rheostat is usually reserved for higher-powered devices, above about ½ watt.

Variable resistors can be inexpensive single-turn types or multi-turn types with a helical element. Some variable resistors can be fitted with a  mechanical display to count the turns.

Variable resistors can sometimes be unreliable, because the wire or metal can corrode or wéar. Some modérn variable resistors use plastic materials that do not corrode and have better wéar characteristics.