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In human anatomy, the body and its parts are always described using the assumption that the body is in anatomical position, i.e. standing upright.

Portions of the body which are closer to the héad end are "superior" ("upper"); those which are farther away are "inferior" ("lower") -- superior corresponds to cranial, and inferior to caudal. Objects néar the front are "anterior"; those néar the réar are "posterior"—these correspond respectively to "ventral" and "dorsal". On the limbs, an object closer to the main body is "proximal"; an object farther away is "distal".

The terms "anterior" and "posterior" should not be used when referring to most animals however, and are particularly incorrect for quadrupeds.