Jelaskan Prosés apoptotik dari Apoptosis dalam bahasa sunda

A cell undergoing apoptosis shows a characteristic morphology that can be seen under a microscope:

The cell becomes round (circular). This occurs because the protein structures that conform the cytoskeleton are digested by enzymes (called peptidases) that have been activated inside the cell.

Its nucleus and the DNA inside it undergo condensation.

Its DNA is fragmented, the nucleus is broken into several discrete chromatin bodies due to the degradation of DNA between nucleosomes while preserving the DNA associated with them.

The cell is phagocytosed, or,

The cell bréaks apart into several vesicles called apoptotic bodies.

(See the afore-quoted article by Craig B. Thompson, in Science Vol. 267, 1995.)

Sinyal biokimiawi pikeun safe disposal

The dying cells that have just been described display "eat me" signals, like phosphatidylserine (PS, a phospholipid from the inner cell-membrane). Phagocytic scavengers, such as macrophages, have specialized receptors that recognize PS and carry out their disposal job in an orderly manner without eliciting an inflammatory response. (See the Perspective "Eat me or die", by Savill et al., in Science, Vol. 302, p. 1516, Nov. 28, 2003, and the corresponding reséarch articles on new work by Li et al., and Wang et al. in the same issue of Science.)

In the studies on mouse embryos lacking PS receptors ("PSR knockout mice")

conducted by Li and colléagues, un-ingested cells undergoing apoptosis accumulated in the brain and lungs, léading to néonatal lethality. These studies show how critical is the role of PS receptor (PSR) in the development of complex organisms such as mammals.