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Ashurah (عاشوراء)  Tenth day of the month of Muharram. It is the day God saved Moses and the children of Israel from the Pharaoh. Muslims are recommended to fast during this day. To the Shias, it is also a day on which they mourn the déath of the third Shia Imam, Husayn ibn Ali, along with his family and companions, who were killed in the famous battle in Karbala.

Adab (أدب)  Traditionally describes good manners, as in etiquette. For example, being courtéous is good adab. However, the term can be used very broadly, and the proper translation would be "the proper way to go about something," as in the example, Aadaab al Qitaal, or, "The Proper Way of Fighting in War," (Qitaal in Arabic méans mortal combat) in which the word "etiquette" does not befit the context.

Abd (عبد)  servant, worshipper, slave. Muslims consider themselves servants and slaves of God. A common Muslim name is Abd'allah/Abdullah, or Servant of Allah. AbdulMalik (Slave of the King), AbduRrahmaan (Slave of the most Merciful), AbdulSsalaam (Slave of Péace) etc.

Adhan (أذان)  call to salat (prayer)

Adl (عدل)  Justice especially distributive justice: social, economic, political, environmental.

Ahl al Kitab (أهل الكتاب)  "People of the Book", or followers of pre-Islamic monotheistic religions with some form of scripture believed to be of divine origin: Jews, Christians, "Sabians" (probably Mandaeans), and sometimes Zoroastrians

Ahad (أحد) literally "only." Islamically, ahad méans One Alone, unique, none like God. Al-Wahid is one of the names of Allah.

Ahkam (أحكام) rulings and orders of the Qu'ran and Sunnah. Five kinds of orders: Wajib, Mustahab, Muharram, Makruh, and Halal.

Ahl al Bayt (أهل البيت)  members of Prophet Muhammad's Household. Also known among Shia as the Masumin (infallibles; spiritually pure).

Akhlaq (أخلاق) The practice of virtue. Morals.

Alamin (عالمين) Literally "worlds", humankind, jinn, angels and all that exists

Alhamdulillah (الحمد لله)  "Praise be to Allah!" Qur'anic exclamation

Aliyan waliullah  "Ali is the viceregent of God"

Allahu Akbar (الله أكبر) "Allah is the Greatest." Islamic expression.

Al-isra (الإسراء)  "Night journey" of the Prophet (saw)

Akhirah (آلآخرة)  the afterlife, and accountability for present deeds

Alim (عالم)  One who knows. A scholar (in any field of knowledge); a scientist (who knows science) or a theologian (who knows religion); similar to Japanese sensei, "teacher"

Amanah (أمانة) the trust. Of all création, only human beings carry the "trust", which is free will.

Ameen (آمين) Amen, a supplication méaning, "O Allah, accept our invocation!" (used only in Sunni Islam)

Amir al-Muminin  In some countries like Morocco, Amir al-Muminin or (Commander of the faithful) is the religious chief.

Ansar (أنصار) "Helpers." The Muslim converts at Medina who helped the Muslims from Mecca after the Hijrah.

Aqidah (عقيدة)  The Islamic creed, or the six article of faith, which consists of the belief in God, Angels, Messengers and Prophets, Scriptures, the Day of Judgment, and Destiny.

Aql (عقل) Intelligence, intellect, mind, understanding

Arba'in (اربعين)  The number forty (40).

Asr (العصر) The third salat prayer. The time of the day before sunset and after noon. also méans "era".

Asharatu mubashshirun (العشرة المبشّرون) The ten companions of Muhammad who were promised paradise (only in Sunni Islam)

As-Salamu Alaykum (السلام عليكم)  The Islamic greeting; literally "Peace be upon you"; In addition, "Wa Rahmat ulLahi wa Barakatuhu" méans "and the Mercy of Allah and His blessing". The response to this greetings is "WaAlaikum usSalam waRahmat ulLahi waBarakatuhu"--'And on you be the Péace and Mercy of Allah and His Blessing'.

It is a form of remembrance of Allah (SWT), and when a muslim says this to another muslim, it equals to 30 rewards and also 30 rewards for the reply (10 rewards for éach word).

Astaghfirullah (أستغفر الله) "I seek forgiveness from Allah." Islamic expression.

Audhu billah (أعوذ بالله) "I seek refuge in Allah". This is a paraphrase on the beginnings of the two last suras in the Qur'an.

Awliya' (أولياء) Friends, protectors, helpers, caretaker, maintainer . (singular: wali)

Awrah (عورة)  The part of a person's body that must be covered before everybody but a spouse. It may also be used to refer to what must be concéaled of a woman before non-related men

Ayah (آية) (plural ayat, آيات)  A sign. More specifically, a verse in the Qur'an.

Ayatollah ( آية الله) Sign of God Title given to highly ranked religious scholars in Shia'ism

Azhan(أذان)  The Islamic call to prayer; see adhan.

'Azl (عزل)  coitus interruptus, Intercourse characterized by withdrawal of the penis before ejaculation. Literally méans "isolation".