Jabarkan Lihat juga dari Mukataba dalam bahasa melayu

Gordon, Murray. Slavery in the Arab World. New Amsterdam Press, New York, 1989. Originally published in French by Editions Robert Laffont, S.A. Paris, 1987.

Lewis, Bernard. Race and Slavery in the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 1990.

Schacht, Joseph. An Introduction to Islamic Law. Clarendon Paperbacks, 1982.

Dursteler, Eric R. Venetians in Constantinople: Nation, Identity, and Coexistence in the Early Modern Mediterranean. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006,

Ahmad A. Sikainga, Shari'a Courts and the Manumission of Female Slaves in the Sudan 1898-1939'',

The International Journal of African Historical Studies > Vol. 28, No. 1 (1995), pp. 1–24

Perkataan dan frasa bahasa Arab dalam Syariat Islam