Gw mau tau Relative Motions dari Istilah perenah anatomi. Jelasin dalam bahasa sunda

Flexion méans approximating adjacent parts of the body (usually at a joint) and extension méans separating them. For example, the legs are flexed at the knee joints when sitting down, and extended when standing up.  Generally, flexion produces an acute angle between adjacent parts, with its vertex at the joint, and extension produces an obtuse angle. One exception to this rule is in the ankle joint where moving the foot such that the toes move upwards is dorsiflexion and moving the foot such that the toes move downwards is plantar flexion.

Adduction méans moving a part of the body toward or past its median line or toward the long axis of a limb.  Abduction méans moving a part of the body away from its median line or away from the long axis of a limb.  For example, adducting the thighs brings the legs together, and abducting the thighs spréads the legs apart.  Similarly, adducting the fingers brings them into contact with one another, and abducting the fingers spréads them apart.

Rotation méans moving a part about its long axis, for example, in turning the neck.  Supination méans rotation of the foréarm such that the palm of the hand faces forward or upward, and pronation méans rotation of the foréarm such that the palm of the hand faces backward or downward; the foréarm with the hand is supinated or pronated at the elbow.  Similar movements may be accomplished at the ankle, where supination results in the foot tipping inward relative to its long axis, and pronation results in the foot tipping outward; overpronation may contribute to the condition flatfoot.

An anterograde motion is in the normal direction of flow, while retrograde méans reversed flow. For example, passage of food from the mouth to the stomach is in an anterograde direction, and gastric reflux is in a retrograde direction.