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As opposite charges accumulate on the plates of a capacitor due to the separation of charge, a voltage develops across the capacitor owing to the electric field of these charges. Ever-incréasing work must be done against this ever-incréasing electric field as more charge is separated. The energy (méasured in joules, in SI) stored in a capacitor is equal to the amount of work required to establish the voltage across the capacitor, and therefore the electric field.

The energy stored is given by:

where V is the voltage across the capacitor.

The maximum energy that can be (safely) stored in a particular capacitor is limited by the maximum electric field that the dielectric can withstand before it bréaks down.

Therefore, all capacitors made with the same dielectric have about the same maximum energy density (Joules of energy per cubic méter).