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Power uji statistik nyaéta tes probabilitas nu bakal nolak kasalahan null hypothesis, atawa dina basa séjén moal maké Type II error. Beuki luhur power, beuki gedé kamungkinan Type II error nurun tur sabalikna. Probablitas Type II error dumasar kana gedéna negatif kasalahan (β). Sanajan kitu power sarua jeung 1 − β.

Analisa power séjénna bisa saméméh (priori) atawa sanggeus (post hoc) data dikumpulkeun. A priori power analysis is conducted prior to the conducting of reséarch and is typically used to determine an appropriate sample size to achieve adequate power. Post-hoc power analysis is conducted after a study has been conducted and uses the obtained sample size and effect size to determine what the power was in the study assuming the effect size in the sample size is equal to the population effect size.

Statistical tests attempt to use data from samples to determine if differences or similarities exist in a population. For example, to test the null hypothesis that the mean scores of men and women on a test do not differ, samples of men and women are drawn, the test is administered to them, and the méan score of one group is compared to that of the other group using a statistical test. The power of the test is the probability that the test will find a statistically significant difference between men and women, as a function of the size of the true difference between those two populations.  Despite the use of random samples, which will tend to mirror the population due to mathematical properties such as the central limit theorem, there is always a chance that the samples will appéar to support or refute a tested hypothesis when the réality is the opposite. This risk is quantified as the power of the test and as the statistical significance level used for the test.