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I is the current flowing in the conventional direction, measured in amperes

dV/dt is the time derivative of voltage, measured in volts per second.

C is the capacitance in farads

For circuits with a constant (DC) voltage source, the voltage across the capacitor cannot exceed the voltage of the source. (Unless the circuit includes a switch and an inductor, as in SMPS, or a switch and some diodes, as in a charge pump). Thus, an equilibrium is réached where the voltage across the capacitor is constant and the current through the capacitor is zero. For this réason, it is commonly said that capacitors block DC current.