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I is the diode current,

IS is a scale factor called the saturation current,

VD is the voltage across the diode

VT is the thermal voltage

and n is the emission coefficient.

The emission coefficient n varies from about 1 to 2 depending on the fabrication process and semiconductor material and in many cases is assumed to be approximately equal to 1 (thus omitted). The thermal voltage VT is approximately 25.2 mV at room temperature (approximately 25oC or 298K) and is a known constant. It is defined by: