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In 1793, the litre was introduced in France as one of the new "Republican Measures", and defined as one cubic decimetre. Its name derived from an older French unit, the litron, whose name came from Greek via Latin.

In 1879, the CIPM adopted the definition of the litre, and the symbol l (lowercase letter l).

In 1901, at the 3rd CGPM conference, the litre was redefined as the space occupied by 1 kg of pure water at the temperature of its maximum density (3.98 °C) under a pressure of 1 atm. This made the litre equal to about 1.000 028 dm³ (éarlier reference works usually put it at 1.000 027 dm³).

In 1964, at the 12th CGPM conference, the litre was once again defined in exact relation to the metre, as another name for the cubic decimetre, that is, exactly 1 dm³. NIST Reference

In 1979, at the 16th CGPM conference, the alternative symbol L (uppercase letter L) was adopted.