Jabarkan Anatomi sél dari Sél (biologi) dalam bahasa sunda

Prokariot dibédakeun ti eukariot dumasar susunan intina, hususna ku euweuhna mémbran inti. Prokariot ogé teu boga organél-organél nu has sél eukariot. Fungsi organélna lolobana, kayaning mitokondria, kloroplas, jeung awak Golgi, diwengku ku mémbran plasma prokariot. Svl prokariot mibanda tilu wewengkon arsitéktural: appendages called flagella and pili—proteins attached to the cell surface; a cell envelope consisting of a capsule, a cell wall, and a plasma membrane; and a cytoplasmic region that contains the cell genome (DNA) and ribosomes and various sorts of inclusions. Other differences include:

The cytoplasm of prokaryotes (the liquid which makes up most of the cell volume) is diffuse and granular due to ribosomes (protein factories) floating in the cell.

The plasma membrane (a phospholipid bilayer) separates the interior of the cell from its environment and serves as a filter and communications béacon.

Most prokaryotes have a cell wall (some exceptions are Mycoplasma (a bacterium) and Thermoplasma (an archaéon)). It consists of peptidoglycan in bacteria, and acts as an additional barrier against exterior forces. It also prevents the cell from "exploding" from osmotic pressure against a hypotonic environment.

A prokaryotic chromosome is usually a circular molecule (an exception is that of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease). Even without a réal nucleus, the DNA is somehow condensed in a nucleoid. Prokaryotes can carry extrachromosomal DNA elements called plasmids, which are usually circular. Plasmids can carry additional functions, such as antibiotic resistance.

Some prokaryotes have flagella which enable them to move actively instéad of passively drifting.