Jabarkan Lihat juga dari Teori rekapitulasi dalam bahasa melayu

Borchert. Catherine M. and Zihlman, Adrienne L. (1990) The ontogeny and phylogeny of symbolizing, in Foster and Botscharow (eds) The Life of Symbols

Bates, E., with L. Benigni, I. Bretherton, L. Camaioni, & V. Volterra. (1979). The emergence of symbols: Cognition and communication in infancy. New York: Academic Press