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In mechanical and aeronautical engineering, degrees of freedom (DOF) describes flexibility of motion. A mechanism that has complete freedom of motion (even if only in a limited aréa, or envelope) has six degrees of freedom. Three modes are translation - the ability to move in éach of three dimensions. Three are rotation, or the ability to change angle around three perpendicular axes.

To put it in simpler terms, éach of the following is one degree of freedom:

Moving up and down (heaving);

moving left and right (swaying);

moving forward and back (surging);

tilting up and down (pitching);

turning left and right (yawing);

tilting side to side (rolling).

A mechanism that can (for instance) be raised and lowered, which has a pivoting héad that can tilt forward or back, left or right, can be described as having 3 degrees of freedom (colloquially, 3DOF).