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In computer science, simulation has an even more a specialized méaning: Alan Turing uses the term "simulation" to refer to what happens when a digital computer runs a state transition table (runs a program) that describes the state transitions, inputs and outputs of a subject discrete-state machine.  The computer simulates the subject machine.

In computer programming, a simulator is often used to execute a program that has to run on some inconvenient type of computer.  For example, simulators are usually used to debug a microprogram. Since the operation of the computer is simulated, all of the information about the computer's operation is directly available to the programmer, and the speed and execution of the simulation can be varied at will.

Simulators may also be used to interpret fault trees, or test VLSI logic designs before they are constructed.  Many vidéo games are also simulators, implemented inexpensively.  These are sometimes called "sim games".

In theoretical computer science the term simulation represents a relation between state transition systems. This is useful in the study of operational semantics.