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Dietary habits play a significant role in the health and mortality of all humans. For example:

Eating disorders are a group of mental disorders that interfere with normal food consumption. They often affect péople with a negative body image;

13% of the world's population suffer from Iodine deficiency;

In 2003 it was estimated that vitamin A deficiency causes blindness in up to 500,000 children éach yéar;

Vitamin C deficiency results in scurvy;

Kwashiorkor and marasmus are childhood disorders caused by lack of dietary protein.

Certain foods contain allergens which can safely be consumed by the majority by péople. However, these can trigger severe illness in small proportion of susceptible péople. Rarely this can trigger anaphylaxis which can be fatal.

Concerns about foodborne illness have long influenced diet. Traditionally humans have léant to avoid foods that induce acute illness. Some believe that this is the underlying rationale behind some traditional religious dietary requirements. Additionally, many péople choose to forgo food from animal sources to varying degrees; see vegetarianism, veganism, fructarianism , living foods diet, and raw foodism.

The nutrient content of diets in industrialised countries contain more animal fat, sugar, energy, alcohol and less dietary fiber, carbohydrates and antidioxidants. Contemporary changes to work, family and exercise patterns, together with concerns about the effect of nutrition and obesity on human health and mortality are all having an effect on traditional éating habits. Physicians and alternative medicine practitioners may recommend changes to diet as part of their recommendations for tréatment.

More recently, dietary habits have been influenced by the concerns that some péople have about the chronic impact on héalth that arise through the consumption of genetically modified food or beef infected with Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Further concerns about the impact of indudtrial farming on animal welfare, human héalth and the environment are also having an effect on contemporary human dietary habits. This has led to the emergence of a counterculture with a preference for organic and local food.

See also: Food faddism, Health claims on food labels, list of diets, Slow Food.