Jelaskan This phase consists of: dari Pengurusan projek dalam bahasa melayu

Contract closure: Complete and settle each contract (including the resolution of any open items) and close each contract applicable to the project or project phase.

Project close: Finalize all activities across all of the process groups to formally close the project or a project phase

Also included in this phase is the Post Implementation Review. This is a vital phase of the project for the project team to learn from experiences and apply to future projects. Normally a Post Implementation Review consists of looking at things that went well and analyzing things that went badly on the project to come up with lessons learned.

Project controlling and project control systems

Project controlling (also known as Cost Engineering)

should be established as an independent function in project management. It implements verification and controlling function during the processing of a project in order to reinforce the defined performance and formal goals. The tasks of project controlling are also:

the creation of infrastructure for the supply of the right information and its update

the establishment of a way to communicate disparities of project parameters

the development of project information technology based on an intranet or the determination of a project key performance indicator system (KPI)

divergence analyses and generation of proposals for potential project regulations

the establishment of methods  to accomplish an appropriate project structure, project workflow organization, project control and governance

creation of transparency among the project parameters

Fulfillment and implementation of these tasks can be achieved by applying specific methods and instruments of project controlling. The following methods of project controlling can be applied: