Perang England-Scotland itu apa sih? Jelaskan dalam bahasa melayu ya

Perang England-Scotland terdiri daripada pelbagai pertempuran yang terjadi antara Kerajaan beraja England dan Kerajaan beraja Scotland bermula pada Perang Kemerdekaan pada awal kurun ke-14 sehingga akhir kurun ke-16.

Meskipun Perang Kemerdekaan, di mana Scotland dua kali berjaya menghalang cubaan penaklukan oleh raja-raja Plantagenet dari England, secara rasminya tamat pada dengan penjanjian-perjanjian pada tahun 1328 dan 1357, hubungan di antara dua buah negara ini tetap bergolak. Pencerobohan oleh raja-raja England ke dalam wilayah Scotland terus berlaku semasa pemerintahan Richard II dan Henry IV dan konflik rentas-sempadan tidak rasmi masih berlaku. Pertikaian rasmi di sempadan termasuk di tempat-tempat yang berada di bawah kekuasaan England seperti istana kota Roxburgh atau pelabuhan Berwick-upon-Tweed. Roxburgh telah ditawan semula oleh Scotland pada tahun 1460 oleh Mary dari Guelders selepas kematian James II dalam kempen yang sama. Pada masa yang sama, penguasaan ke atas Berwick bertukar tangan beberapa kali, apabila sesebuah negara cuba mengambil kesempatan atas kelemahan atau ketidakstabilan pada pihak lain, dengan penawanan akhir oleh England ke atas pelabuhan Scotland oleh Richard, Duke Gloucester pada tahun 1482.

England's preoccupation with civil war during the Wars of the Roses may have been a component in the period of relative recovery for her northern neighbour during the course of the 15th century, and by the first decade of the 16th century James IV of Scotland and Henry VII of England were making overtures for lasting peace. This broke down after the accession of the more overtly bellicose Henry VIII to the English throne and James IV's catastrophically misjudged incursion into Northumbria in 1513 ending in the Battle of Flodden. Three decades later, after the death of James V in 1542, the so-called 'rough wooing' at the hands of invading English armies under the Earl of Hertford brought manifest depredations to Scotland. The last pitched battle between Scotland and England as independent states was the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh in September 1547. Periods of fighting and conflict nevertheless continued.

France also played a key role throughout the period of the Anglo-Scottish Wars. Scots and English soldiers on French soil during the Hundred Years War (1337–1453) generally fought on opposing sides, with the Scots standing for the French against the English under the Auld Alliance. France in later periods, in turn, often intervened on Scottish soil for the Scots. This French involvement had increasingly complex political consequences for all sides by the later 16th century.

The Anglo-Scottish Wars can formally be said to have ended with the Union of the Crowns in 1603, wherein England and Scotland entered a personal union under James VI and I, who inherited both crowns. Bloody conflict between the two states nevertheless continued to arise in different and more complex guise throughout the course of the 17th century.