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Jansen, Marius B. (2000). The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 10-ISBN 0674003349/13-ISBN 9780674003347;  OCLC 44090600

Kornicki, Peter. (1998). Meiji Japan: Political, Economic and Social History, 1868-1912. London: Routledge. 10-ISBN 0415156181/13-ISBN 9780415156189; 10-ISBN 041515619X/13-ISBN 9780415156196; 10-ISBN 0415156203/13-ISBN 9780415156202; 10-ISBN 0415156211/13-ISBN 9780415156219; 10-ISBN 041515622X/13-ISBN 9780415156226;  OCLC 470242993

Perkins, Dorothy. (1997). Japan Goes to War: a Chronology of Japanese Military Expansion from the Meiji Era to the Attack on Pearl Harbor (1868-1941). Upland, Pennsylvania: Diane. OCLC 638765414