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Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari History v. 27 "The Abbasid Revolution," transl. John Alden Williams, SUNY, Albany, 1985

Kennedy, Hugh N. (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century

(Second ed.). Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Ltd. ISBN 0-582-40525-4.