Jelaskan Sejarah penggunaan dari Nanoteknologi/Perincian dalam bahasa melayu

Nanoteknologi melewati akhir abad ke-19 apabila sains koloid mula-mula berakar umbi. Walaupun tidak dirujuk sebagai "nanoteknologi" ketika itu, teknik-teknik yang sama masih  digunakan pada hari ini untuk mensintesiskan banyak daripada bahan-bahan pada skala nanometer. Sebutan pertama untuk sesetengah konsep pembezaan dalam nanoteknologi (tetapi sebelum penggunaan nama itu) adalah dalam "Masih Terdapat Banyak Ruang di Bawah" ("There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom)", sebuah ceramah yang disampaikan oleh ahli fizik Richard Feynman kepada Persatuan Fizikal Amerika di Caltech pada 29 Disember 1959. Feynman menghuraikan sebuah proses yang mengembangkan keupayaan untuk memanipulasikan setiap atom dan molekul. Prosesnya melibatkan secara berterusan satu set alat persis untuk membina dan mengendalikan lagi sebuah set yang lebih kecil mengikut kadar sehingga skala yang diperlukan. Dalam proses ini, beliau memerhatikan  bahawa persoalan-persoalan penskalaan akan timbul disebabkan magnitud pelbagai fenomena fizikal yang berubah: graviti akan menjadi kurang penting, ketegangan permukaan dan tarikan Van der Waals akan menjadi lebih mustahak, dan sebagainya. Idea asas ini kelihatan munasabah, dan himpunan eksponen memperkukuh idea itu dengan keselarian untuk menghasilkan sebilangan keluaran akhir yang berguna.

Istilah "nanoteknologi" telah ditakrifkan oleh Norio Taniguchi, Profesor Universiti Sains Tokyo, pada tahun 1974 dalam sebuah kertas kerja (N. Taniguchi, "Mengenai Konsep Asas 'Nanoteknologi'," Proc. Intl. Conf. Prod. Eng. Tokyo, Bahagian II, Persatuan Kejuruteraan Kepersisan Jepun, 1974.) sebagai berikut: "'Nanoteknologi' terdiri terutamanya daripada pemprosesan bahan-bahan melalui pemisahan, pengukuhan, dan canggaan oleh sebiji atom atau sebiji molekul." Pada dekad 1980-an, idea asas untuk takrif ini telah diperiksa dengan teliti oleh Dr. Eric Drexler. Beliau mempromosikan keertian teknologi untuk fenomena-fenomena dan peranti-peranti skala nano melalui ucapan-ucapan dan buku-bukunya, Enjin-enjin Penciptaan: Era Nanoteknologi Yang Akan Datang (Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology) dan Sistem-sistem Nano: Jentera Molekul, Pengilangan dan Pengiraan (Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation), (ISBN 0-471-57518-6) dan disebabkan beliau, istilah itu memperoleh maksud kini.

Lebih luas lagi, nanoteknologi termasuklah banyak teknik yang digunakan untuk mencipta struktur-struktur pada saiz di bawah 100 nm, termasuklah mereka yang digunakan untuk fabrikasi wayar-wayar nano

, mereka yang digunakan di dalam fabrikasi semikonduktor seperti foto litografi   ultra ungu, liografi percetakan nanopermesinan bim ion terfokus.  More broadly, nanotechnology includes the many techniques used to create structures at a size scale below 100 nm, including those used for fabrication of nanowires, those used in semiconductor fabrication such as deep ultraviolet lithography, electron beam lithography, focused ion beam machining, nanoimprint lithography, atomic layer deposition, and molecular vapor deposition, and further including molecular self-assembly techniques such as those employing di-block copolymers. However, all of these techniques preceded the nanotech era, and are extensions in the development of scientific advancements rather than techniques which were devised with the sole purpose of creating nanotechnology or which were results of nanotechnology research.

Nanotechnology and nanoscience reaches back into the late part of the 19th century, when nanometer-sized colloidal particles were first undergoing rigorous study. Nanotechnology and nanoscience got started in the early 1980s with two major developments; the birth of cluster science and the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). This development led to the discovery of fullerenes in 1986 and carbon nanotubes a few years later. In another development, the synthesis and properties of semiconductor nanocrystals was studied. This led to a fast increasing number of metal oxide nanoparticles of quantum dots.

Technologies currently branded with the term 'nano' are little related to and fall far short of the most ambitious and transformative technological goals of the sort in molecular manufacturing proposals, but the term still connotes such ideas. Thus there may be a danger that a "nano bubble" will form from the use of the term by scientists and entrepreneurs to garner funding, regardless of (and perhaps despite a lack of) interest in the transformative possibilities of more ambitious and far-sighted work.  The diversion of support based on the promises of proposals like molecular manufacturing to more mundane projects also risks creating a perhaps unjustifiedly cynical impression of the most ambitious goals: an investor intrigued by molecular manufacturing who invests in 'nano' only to find typical materials science advances result might conclude that the whole idea is hype, unable to appreciate the bait-and-switch made possible by the vagueness of the term. On the other hand, some have argued that the publicity and competence in related areas generated by supporting such 'soft nano' projects is valuable, even if indirect, progress towards nanotechnology's most ambitious goals.

The National Science Foundation (NSF), a major funding instrument for nanotechnology, commissioned Professor David M. Berube to conduct a comprehensive survey of the field. His conclusions are documented in an extensively footnoted monograph “Nano-Hype: The Truth Behind the Nanotechnology Buzz.” This published study (with a forward by Mihail Roco, head of the NNI) concludes that much of what is sold as “nanotechnology” is in fact a recasting of straightforward materials science, which is leading to a “nanotech industry built solely on selling nanotubes, nanowires, and the like” which will “end up with a few suppliers selling low margin products in huge volumes."