Jelaskan Biografi dari George F. Smoot dalam bahasa melayu

Smoot telah lahir pada 20 Februari 1945 di Yukon, Florida. Beliau telah mempelajari matematik sebelum bertukar ke Massachusetts Institute of Technology di mana beliau memperolehi dua sarjana muda dalam  matematik dan fizik dalam  1966, dan satu ijazah kedoktoran di fizik zarah dalam tahun 1970. Kemudian beliau telah bertukar ke bidang kosmologi, dan telah pergi ke Makmal Kebangsaan Lawrence Berkeley di mana beliau telah berkolaborasi dengan  Luis Walter Alvarez berkenaan dengan eksperimen HAPPE, satu belon stratosfera  bagi mengesan  antijisim dalam atmosfera atas, di mana ia telah diramal oleh keadaan tetap model kosmologi  yang kini samar-samar.

Kemudian beliau mengambil minat dalam latarbelakang gelombang mikro kosmik (CMB), sebelum ini ditemukan oleh Arno Allan Penzias dan Robert Woodrow Wilson. Satu persoalan yang belum diselesaikan pada masa itu adalah struktur alam semesta. Certain models predicted the universe to be in rotation, which left a trace in the CMB in the form of temperature depending on the direction of observation. With the help of Alvarez and Richard A. Muller, he developed a differential radiometer which measured the difference in temperature of the CMB between two directions 60 degrees apart. The instrument, which was mounted on a Lockheed U-2 plane, made it possible to determine that the overall rotation of the universe was null (within the limit of accuracy of the instrument). It detected a variation in the temperature of the CMB corresponding to a dipole, interpreted as the Doppler effect of the Earth's motion relative to the area of CMB emission, which is called the last scattering surface.  Such a doppler effect arises because the Sun (and in fact the Milky Way as a whole) is not stationary, but rather is moving at nearly 600 km/s with respect to the last scattering surface.  This is probably due to the gravitational attraction between our galaxy and a concentration of mass like the Great Attractor.

Although Smoot attended MIT, he was not the same Smoot who was laid end to end to measure the Harvard Bridge between Cambridge and Boston; this was Oliver R. Smoot.  This confusion was clarified by George Smoot himself.