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Dallal, Ahmad S.; Hendrickson, Jocelyn (2009). "Fatwā. Modern usage". Daripada John L. Esposito (peny.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ghafour, Hamida (20 Ogos 2016). "The fatwa hotline: 'We have heard everything'". The Guardian. Dicapai 29 Disember 2019.

Hallaq, Wael B. (2009). An Introduction to Islamic Law. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521861462.

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Vikør, Knut S. (2005). Between God and the Sultan: A History of Islamic Law. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195223985.

Zürcher, Erik Jan (2016). Jihad and Islam in World War I: Studies on the Ottoman Jihad on the Centenary of Snouck Hurgronje's "Holy War Made in Germany". Leiden University Press. ISBN 9087282397.