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Georges Charpak, physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics (1992)

Ilya Mechnikov, microbiologist, Nobel Prize in Medicine (1908)

Alexander Shchukarev, chemist, computer scientist

Selman Waksman, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1952)

Sergei Lebedev, first programmable computer in Continental Europe

Simon Kuznets, Nobel Prize (1971)

Eugen Slutsky (1880-1948), Slutsky equation (born in Russian Empire, in the territory of Ukraine)

Vladimir Chelomei, ballistic missile and spacecraft designer

Nicholas Holonyak, first visible light-emitting diode

Mykola Kibalchich, rocket science pioneer

Sergei Korolev, first spacecraft designer

Aleksandr A. Morozov, tank designer, patron of the Morozov Design Bureau

Alexander Samakula, anti-reflective coating for optical lenses

Igor Sikorsky, inventor of helicopter

Stepan Timoshenko, father of modern engineering mechanics

Mykhaylo Drahomanov also political emigre and folklorist

Michael Hetman historian of mines

Mykhailo Hrushevsky, also political leader

Mykola Kostomarov, also literary historian, folklorist

Peter Loboda, researcher of Ancient Ukrainian Numismatics

George S. N. Luckyj, literary historian

Mykhaylo Maksymovych, also literary historian, folklorist

Viktor Suvorov, WWII researcher (Ukrainian father)

Dmytro Yavornytsky, Cossack historian, archeologist

Nikolai Berdyaev, Russian religious philosopher

Lev Shestov, Russian existentialist philosopher

Nikolay Bogolyubov, theory of superconductivity, nonlinear mechanics

Gersh Budker, nuclear physicist (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics)

Georges Charpak, French physicist (Nobel Prize), born in East Galicia

George Gamow, liquid drop model of atom nucleus

Abram Ioffe, prominent Soviet physicist (Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute)

Isaak Khalatnikov, BKL conjecture in general relativity

Leo Palatnik, thin film physics

Ivan Pulyui, discoverer of X-rays (disputed)

George Yuri Rainich, mathematical physicist

Vitaly Chernetsky, author and film scholar

Robert Klymasz, Ukrainian Canadian folklorist

Volodymyr Kubiyovych, geographer and encyclopedist

Volodymyr Kunko-Bohoslavetz, linguist/etymologist/philologist [Uk-Ra-ii-Na (Gift of-Sun-and-Moon)], designer, educator

Anton Makarenko, Ukrainian and Soviet educator

Wilhelm Reich,  psychiatrist and psychoanalyst

Evhen Tsybulenko (b. 1972), professor of international law

Fedir Vovk, anthropologist and ethnographer

Robert Kravchuk, Professor of Public Finance at Indiana University.

Anatoly Shekera, National Opera House of Ukraine

Pavlo Virsky, Virsky Ukrainian dance company

Matvei Blanter, Soviet composer, author of Katyusha

Isaak Dunayevsky, author of numerous popular Soviet songs

Evgeni Kostitsyn, composer after whom the Ukrainian Composers' Competition is named

Sergei Prokofiev, one of the greatest composers of the 20th century

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Russian composer, author of Swan Lake and The Nutcracker ballets

Mykhailo Verbytsky, composer of the present National Anthem of Ukraine

Emanuel Feuermann, cellist (born in Austrian Galicia)

Michael Frimenko, American bass player

Eugene Hütz (Gogol Bordello), singer, guitarist, banger of buckets

Theodore Kuchar, Conductor, National Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine

Ruslana Lyzhichko , pianist , singer , dancer , composer , producer , songwriter , conductor

Evgeni Kostitsyn, pianist and composer

Ivan Aivazovsky, Armenian painter, famous for his seascapes

Nathan Altman, painter and stage designer from Vinnytsia

Alexander Khvostenko-Khvostov Avant-garde stage designer

Kazimir Malevich, Avant-garde artist, pioneer of geometric abstract art, author of Black Square

Vadym Meller, avant-garde artist, stage designer

Solomon Nikritin painter, Avant-garde artist

Victor Palmov, painter, Avant-garde artist

Kliment Red'ko, painter, Avant-garde artist

Bruno Schulz, painter and writer

Volodymyr Sichynskyi, architect, graphic artist

Opanas Slastion, folklorist, designer of modern type of bandura

David Shterenberg, painter from Zhitomir

Andy Warhol, major figure in the pop art movement

Alexander Archipenko, U.S. sculptor and graphic artist

Shmuel Agnon, Israeli writer, Nobel Prize (1966), born in Buchach

Sholom Aleichem, Jewish writer, born in Pereyaslav

Yuri Andrukhovych, born in Ivano-Frankivsk

Isaac Babel, Russian writer, born in Odessa

Mikhail Bulgakov, Russian writer, author of The Master and Margarita

Joseph Conrad, Polish-English writer, born in Berdichev

Ilya Ehrenburg, publicist and writer

Nikolai Gogol, Russian writer, born in the Cossack village of Sorochyntsi

Oles Honchar, author of The Cathedral

Ilya Ilf, Russian humorist, co-author of The Twelve Chairs

Valentin Kataev, Russian novelist and dissident

Lev Kopelev, author and dissident

Marko Kropyvnytsky, actor, stage director, playwright, and composer

Alexandra Marinina, Russian writer of detective stories

Viktor Nekrasov, Russian writer and dissident

Yuri Nikitin, Russian science fiction and fantasy writer

Chuck Palahniuk, American satirical novelist (Ukrainian father)

Yevgeny Petrov, Russian humorist, co-author of The Twelve Chairs

Les Podervianskiy, satirist and playwrighter

Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, writer, author of Venus in Furs

Hryhoriy Skovoroda, poet, writer, philosopher

Hayyim Nahman Bialik, modern Hebrew poet

Alexander Galich, dissident Soviet bard

Taras Shevchenko, the most famous Ukrainian poet

Anthony Fedorov, American pop singer

Iosif Kobzon, iconic Soviet crooner

Ruslana Lyzhichko, pop singer , composer , songwriter , conductor , dancer , record producer

Theresa Sokyrka, Canadian Idol 2 runner-up

Alexander Vertinsky, Russian singer and composer

Serge Lifar one of the greatest male ballet dancers of the 20th century

Rinat Akhmetov, Ukraine's richest man

Martin Chase, founder of Ann & Hope Department Stores

Mikhail Fridman, Russian oligarch, billionaire

Max Levchin, co-founder of PayPal

Viktor Pinchuk, Ukraine's second-richest man, son-in-law of Leonid Kuchma

Petro Poroshenko, confectionery baron, close confidant of Viktor Yushchenko

Jay Pritzker, founder of Hyatt and philanthropist

Viktor Vekselberg, Russian oligarch, billionaire

John Zubal, founder of Zubal Books

Many cosmonauts of the Soviet Union and modern Russia were ethnic Ukrainians or come from Ukraine. See :Category:Ukrainian cosmonauts for the full list.

Ukrainian Leonid Kadeniuk, earlier a Soviet cosmonaut, made the first manned spaceflight of the Ukrainian space program.