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Nuel Belnap, (1977). "A useful four-valued logic".  In Dunn & Eppstein, Modern uses of multiple-valued logic.  Reidel: Boston.

Józef Maria Bocheński (1959).  A précis of mathematical logic.  Translated from the French and German editions by Otto Bird.  D. Reidel, Dordrecht, South Holland.

Józef Maria Bocheński, (1970).  A history of formal logic.  2nd Edition.  Translated and edited from the German edition by Ivo Thomas.  Chelsea Publishing, New York.

Cohen, R.S, and Wartofsky, M.W. (1974). Logical and Epistemological Studies in Contemporary Physics. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. D. Reidel Publishing Company: Dordrecht, Netherlands.  ISBN 90-277-0377-9.

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Gabbay, D.M., and Guenthner, F. (eds., 2001–2005). Handbook of Philosophical Logic. 13 vols., 2nd edition. Kluwer Publishers: Dordrecht.

Hilbert, D., and Ackermann, W, (1928). Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik (Principles of Mathematical Logic). Springer-Verlag. OCLC 2085765

Susan Haack, (1996). Deviant Logic, Fuzzy Logic:  Beyond the Formalism, University of Chicago Press.

Hodges, W., (2001). Logic.  An introduction to Elementary Logic, Penguin Books.

Hofweber, T., (2004), Logic and Ontology. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed.).

Hughes, R.I.G., (1993, ed.). A Philosophical Companion to First-Order Logic. Hackett Publishing.

Kneale, William, and Kneale, Martha, (1962). The Development of Logic. Oxford University Press, London, UK.

Mendelson, Elliott, (1964). Introduction to Mathematical Logic. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole Advanced Books & Software: Monterey, Calif. OCLC 13580200

Smith, B., (1989). "Logic and the Sachverhalt". The Monist 72(1):52–69.

Whitehead, Alfred North and Bertrand Russell, (1910). Principia Mathematica. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, England. OCLC 1041146