Coba jelasin Clarke, 2001, pp. 194–201 dari Demokrasi dalam bahasa melayu dong

"Full historical description of the Spartan government". Rangevoting.org. Retrieved 2013-09-28.

Terrence A. Boring, Literacy in Ancient Sparta, Leiden Netherlands (1979). ISBN 90-04-05971-7

"Ancient Rome from the earliest times down to 476 A.D". Annourbis.com. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

"Constitution 1,000 years ago". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 2008-07-11.

"Magna Carta: an introduction". The British Library. Retrieved 28 January 2015. Magna Carta is sometimes regarded as the foundation of democracy in England. ...Revised versions of Magna Carta were issued by King Henry III (in 1216, 1217 and 1225), and the text of the 1225 version was entered onto the statute roll in 1297. ...The 1225 version of Magna Carta had been granted explicitly in return for a payment of tax by the whole kingdom, and this paved the way for the first summons of Parliament in 1265, to approve the granting of taxation.

"Citizen or Subject?". The National Archives. Retrieved 2013-11-17.

"The January Parliament and how it defined Britain". The Telegraph. 20 January 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.

"Origins and growth of Parliament". The National Archives. Retrieved 2013-11-17.

: a b "Rise of Parliament". The National Archives. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

to: a b "Constitutionalism: America & Beyond". Bureau of International Information Programs (IIP), U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 30 October 2014. The earliest, and perhaps greatest, victory for liberalism was achieved in England. The rising commercial class that had supported the Tudor monarchy in the 16th century led the revolutionary battle in the 17th, and succeeded in establishing the supremacy of Parliament and, eventually, of the House of Commons. What emerged as the distinctive feature of modern constitutionalism was not the insistence on the idea that the king is subject to law (although this concept is an essential attribute of all constitutionalism). This notion was already well established in the Middle Ages. What was distinctive was the establishment of effective means of political control whereby the rule of law might be enforced. Modern constitutionalism was born with the political requirement that representative government depended upon the consent of citizen subjects.... However, as can be seen through provisions in the 1689 Bill of Rights, the English Revolution was fought not just to protect the rights of property (in the narrow sense) but to establish those liberties which liberals believed essential to human dignity and moral worth. The "rights of man" enumerated in the English Bill of Rights gradually were proclaimed beyond the boundaries of England, notably in the American Declaration of Independence of 1776 and in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.

Jump up ^ Tocqueville, Alexis de (2003). Democracy in America. USA: Barnes & Noble. pp. 11, 18-19. ISBN 0-7607-5230-3.

Jump up ^ Allen Weinstein and David Rubel (2002), The Story of America: Freedom and Crisis from Settlement to Superpower, DK Publishing, Inc., New York, N.Y., ISBN 0-7894-8903-1, p. 61

Jump up ^ Clifton E. Olmstead (1960), History of Religion in the United States, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., pp. 63-65, 74-75, 102-105, 114-115

Jump up ^ Christopher Fennell (1998), Plymouth Colony Legal Structure

Jump up ^ "Citizenship 1625-1789". The National Archives. Retrieved 2013-11-17.

Jump up ^ "Getting the vote". The National Archives. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

Jump up ^ Gregory, Desmond (1985). The ungovernable rock: a history of the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom and its role in Britain's Mediterranean strategy during the Revolutionary War, 1793-1797. London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 31. ISBN 0-8386-3225-4.

Jump up ^ Ray Allen Billington, America's Frontier Heritage (1974) 117–158. ISBN 0-8263-0310-2

Jump up ^ Jacqueline Newmyer, "Present from the start: John Adams and America"[dead link], Oxonian Review of Books, 2005, vol 4 issue 2

Jump up ^ "Expansion of Rights and Liberties - The Right of Suffrage". Online Exhibit: The Charters of Freedom. National Archives. Retrieved 21 April 2015.

Jump up ^ "The Bill Of Rights: A Brief History". ACLU. Retrieved 21 April 2015.

Jump up ^ "The French Revolution II". Mars.wnec.edu. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

Jump up ^ Michael Denning (2004). Culture in the Age of Three Worlds. Verso. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-85984-449-6. Retrieved 10 July 2013.

Jump up ^ Lovejoy, Paul E. (2000). Transformations in slavery: a history of slavery in Africa (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 290. ISBN 0521780128.

Jump up ^ French National Assembly. "1848 " Désormais le bulletin de vote doit remplacer le fusil "". Retrieved 2009-09-26.

Jump up ^ "Movement toward greater democracy in Europe". Indiana University Northwest.

Jump up ^ "Introduction – Social Aspects of the Civil War". Itd.nps.gov. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

Jump up ^ Transcript of Voting Rights Act (1965) U.S. National Archives.

Jump up ^ The Constitution: The 24th Amendment Time.

Jump up ^ Age of Dictators: Totalitarianism in the inter-war period at the Wayback Machine (archived September 7, 2006)

Jump up ^ "Did the United States Create Democracy in Germany?: The Independent Review: The Independent Institute". Independent.org. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

Jump up ^ "World | South Asia | Country profiles | Country profile: India". BBC News. 2010-06-07. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

Jump up ^ "How the Westminster Parliamentary System was exported around the World". University of Cambridge. 2 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.

Jump up ^ "Tables and Charts". Freedomhouse.org. 2004-05-10. Retrieved 2010-08-22.[dead link]

Jump up ^ List of Electoral Democracies[dead link] fordemocracy.net

Jump up ^ "General Assembly declares 15 September International Day of Democracy; Also elects 18 Members to Economic and Social Council". Un.org. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

Jump up ^ Freedom in the World 2015, Freedom House. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

Jump up ^ Freedom in The World 2015 (PDF)

Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference FreedomInTheWorld was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Jump up ^ "Press Freedom Index 2014", Reporters Without Borders, 11 May 2014

Jump up ^ " World Freedom Index 2013: Canadian Fraser Institute Ranks Countries ", Ryan Craggs, Huffington Post, 14 January 2013

Jump up ^ "CIRI Human Rights Data Project", website. Retrieved 25 October 2013.

Jump up ^ Michael Kirk (December 10, 2010). "Annual International Human Rights Ratings Announced". University of Connecticut.

Jump up ^ "HUMAN RIGHTS IN 2011: THE CIRI REPORT". CIRI Human Rights Data Project. August 29, 2013.

Jump up ^ "Democracy index 2012: Democracy at a standstill". Economist Intelligence Unit. 14 March 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2013.

Jump up ^ G. F. Gaus, C. Kukathas, Handbook of Political Theory, SAGE, 2004, p. 143–145, ISBN 0-7619-6787-7, Google Books link

Jump up ^ The Judge in a Democracy, Princeton University Press, 2006, p. 26, ISBN 0-691-12017-X, Google Books link

Jump up ^ A. Barak, The Judge in a Democracy, Princeton University Press, 2006, p. 40, ISBN 0-691-12017-X, Google Books link

Jump up ^ T. R. Williamson, Problems in American Democracy, Kessinger Publishing, 2004, p. 36, ISBN 1-4191-4316-6, Google Books link

Jump up ^ U. K. Preuss, "Perspectives of Democracy and the Rule of Law." Journal of Law and Society, 18:3 (1991). pp. 353–364

Jump up ^ Budge, Ian (2001). "Direct democracy". In Clarke, Paul A.B. & Foweraker, Joe. Encyclopedia of Political Thought. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-19396-2.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Vincent Golay and Mix et Remix, Swiss political institutions, Éditions loisirs et pédagogie, 2008. ISBN 978-2-606-01295-3.

Jump up ^ "Radical Revolution - The Thermidorean Reaction". Wsu.edu. 1999-06-06. Archived from the original on 1999-02-03. Retrieved 2010-08-22.[dead link]

Jump up ^ Köchler, Hans (1987). The Crisis of Representative Democracy. Frankfurt/M., Bern, New York. ISBN 978-3-8204-8843-2.

Jump up ^ Urbinati, Nadia (October 1, 2008). "2". Representative Democracy: Principles and Genealogy. ISBN 978-0226842790.

Jump up ^ Fenichel Pitkin, Hanna (September 2004). "Representation and Democracy: Uneasy Alliance". Scandinavian Political Studies 27 (3): 335–342.

Jump up ^ Aristotle. "Ch.9". Politics. Book 4.

Jump up ^ Keen, Benjamin, A History of Latin America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980.

Jump up ^ Kuykendall, Ralph, Hawaii: A History. New York: Prentice Hall, 1948.

Jump up ^ Brown, Charles H., The Correspondents' War. New York: Charles Scribners' Sons, 1967.

Jump up ^ Taussig, Capt. J. K., "Experiences during the Boxer Rebellion," in Quarterdeck and Fo'c'sle. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1963

^ Jump up to: a b c d O'Neil, Patrick H. Essentials of Comparative Politics. 3rd ed. New York: W. W. Norton &, 2010. Print

Jump up ^ Garret, Elizabeth (October 13, 2005). "The Promise and Perils of Hybrid Democracy" (PDF). The Henry Lecture, University of Oklahoma Law School. Retrieved 2012-08-07.

Jump up ^ "Jenis dan Fungsi Koperasi". Pendiriankoperasi.co.id. Retrieved 2023-05-25.

Jump up ^ "A Citizen's Guide To Vermont Town Meeting". July 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2012.[dead link]

Jump up ^ "Republic – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary". M-w.com. 2007-04-25. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

Jump up ^ Novanglus, no. 7, 6 March 1775

Jump up ^ "The Founders' Constitution: Volume 1, Chapter 18, Introduction, "Epilogue: Securing the Republic"". Press-pubs.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2010-08-22.

Jump up ^ "Economics Cannot be Separated from Politics" speech by Che Guevara to the ministerial meeting of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council (CIES), in Punta del Este, Uruguay on August 8, 1961

Jump up ^ Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. General Idea of the Revolution See also commentary by Graham, Robert. The General Idea of Proudhon's Revolution

Jump up ^ Bookchin, Murray. Communalism: The Democratic Dimensions of Social Anarchism. Anarchism, Marxism and the Future of the Left: Interviews and Essays, 1993–1998, AK Press 1999, p. 155

Jump up ^ Bookchin, Murray. Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism: An Unbridgeable Chasm

Jump up ^ Graeber, David and Grubacic, Andrej. Anarchism, Or The Revolutionary Movement Of The Twenty-first Century

Jump up ^ Thoreau, H. D. On the Duty of Civil Disobedience

Jump up ^ Rothbard, Murray N. Man, Economy and State: Chapter 5 - Binary Intervention: Government Expenditures

Jump up ^ Rothbard, Murray N. The Anatomy of the State

Jump up ^ "Article on Cosmopolitan democracy by Daniele Archibugi" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-08-22.[dead link]

Jump up ^ "letter by Einstein – "To the General Assembly of the United Nations"". Retrieved 2 July 2013., first published in United Nations World New York, Oct 1947, pp13-14

Jump up ^ Daniele Archibugi & David Held, eds., Cosmopolitan Democracy. An Agenda for a New World Order, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995; David Held, Democracy and the Global Order, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995, Daniele Archibugi,The Global Commonwealth of Citizens. Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2008