Jelaskan Article 147a (1) dari Ujaran kebencian di dunia maya

“A person who disseminates, publicly displays or posts written matter or an image containing statomonts that offond religious sensibilities by reason of their malign and blasphemous nature, or who has such in stock to be disseminated, publicly displayed or posted, is liable to a term of imprisonment of not more than two months or a fine of the second category, where he knows or has serious reason to suspect that the written matter or the image contains such staternents” Maksudnya barang siapa menyebarkan, mempertontonkan secara umum atau menempelkan tulisan atau gambar yang mengandung pernyataan menghina perasaan keagamaan disebabkan sifatnya yang menghina Tuhan, atau mempunyai persediaan untuk disebarkan, dipertontonkan atau ditempelkan, diancam dengan pidana penjara paling lama dua bulan atau denda kategori kedua, apabila ia mengetahui atau ada alasan kuat untuk menduga bahwa tulisan atau gambar itu mengandung pernyataan demikian.

Dengan adanya kata "blasphemous" di dalam perumusan pasal di atas pembuat UU telah membuat jelas bahwa ketentuan itu berkaitan dengan pernyataan-pernyataan yang melukai perasaan keagamaan tentang Tuhan (Supreme Being), sedangkan perasaan keagamaan tentang nabi atau Bunda Maria, tidaklah dilindungi. Dengan adanya kata "malignly” (bersifat menghina) membuat jelas, bahwa perdebatan agama yang objektif (tidak memihak) tidaklah dapat dipidana sekalipun perasaan keagamaan beberapa orang/kelompok orang tersinggung. Suatu pernyataan tidaklah "malign", sekalipun dapat melukai perasaan keagamaan, apabila tidak dimaksudkan untuk mencerca/memaki Tuhan.

Australia (Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 Act No. 47/2001 Negara Bagian Victoria – Australia)

UU Toleransi Ras dan Agama.

Act 7 : Racial vilification unlawful

(1) “A person must not, on the ground of the race of another person or class of persons, engage inconduct that incites hatred against, serious contempt for, or revulsion or severe ridicule of, that other person or class of persons”.

(2) “For the purposes of sub-section (1), conduct— (a) may be constituted by a single occasion orby a number of occasions over a period of time; and (b) may occur in or outside Victoria”.

Note: "engage in conduct" includes use of the internet or e-mail to publish or transmit statements or other material.

Act 8 : Religious vilification unlawful

(1) “A person must not, on the ground of the religious belief or activity of another person or class of persons, engage in conduct that incites hatred against, serious contempt for, or revulsion or severe ridicule of, that other person or class of persons”. Note: "engage in conduct" includes use of the internet or e-mail to publish or transmit statements or other material.

(2) “For the purposes of sub-section (1), conduct— (a) may be constituted by a single occasion or by a number of occasions over a period of time; and (b) may occur in or outside Victoria”.

Act 9 : Motive and dominant ground irrelevant

(1) “In determining whether a person has contravened section 7 or 8, the person's motive in engaging in any conduct is irrelevant”.

(2) “In determining whether a person has contravened section 7 or 8, it is irrelevant whether or not the race or religious belief or activity of another person or class of persons is the only or dominant ground for the conduct, so long as it is a substantial ground”. Incorrect assumption as to race or religious belief or activity In determining whether a person has contravened section 7 or 8, it is irrelevant whether or not the person made an assumption about the race or religious belief or activity of another person or class of persons that was incorrect at the time that the contravention is alleged to have taken place.

Act 11 : Exceptions—public conduct

“A person does not contravene section 7 or 8 if the person establishes that the person's conduct was engaged in reasonably and in good faith— (a) in the performance, exhibition or distribution of an artistic work; or (b) in the course of any statement, publication, discussion or debate made or held, or any other conduct engaged in, for— (i) any genuine academic, artistic, religious or scientific purpose; or (ii) any purpose that is in the public interest; or (c) in making or publishing a fair and accurate report of any event or matter of public”

Pencegahan Ujaran Kebencian di Dunia Maya

Untuk mencegah terjadinya ujaran kebencian di dunia maya, literasi media digital perlu dilakukan agar masyarakat terutama generasi muda dapat memahami perbedaan antara mengekspresikan pendapat dan menyebar kebencian. Terdapat juga beberapa langkah pencegahan yang harus diperhatikan antara lain:

Mengungkap identitas kita di media sosial diperlukan saat ini. Terutama bagi orang yang sering memberikan komentar di media sosial.

Berpikir cerdas dan rasional dalam menghadapi suatu permasalahan.

Jangan memberikan komentar terhadap suatu masalah yang kita tidak menguasainya.

Jangan memberikan komentar negatif atau penghinaan atau menghakimi orang lain yang belum kita kenal.

Memproteksi dengan seksama akun media sosial yang kita miliki, sehingga tidak mudah diretas orang lain.

Perlu diketahui bahwa pelaku dapat dilacak keberadaannya dan ditangkap walaupun menggunakan nomor dan alamat ip address palsu.

Diperlukan pembahasan atau kajian yang mendalam bagi masyarakat tentang edukasi cyber crime dan UU ITE.

Perlu pendidikan agama yang baik terutama pendidikan tentang perilaku dan akhlak atau budi pekerti.

Membangun keluarga yang humanis, saling terbuka dan banyak memberikan suri teladan bagi anggota keluarga.

Jangan memancing amarah orang lain.

Jangan mudah percaya dengan orang lain di media sosial.

Jangan ragu blokir pengguna yang memiliki karakter bully dan Hate speech.