Tolong jelaskan mengenai Paradoks hukuman gantung tidak terduga

Paradoks hukuman gantung tidak terduga atau paradoks orang yang digantung adalah sebuah paradoks soal perasaan seseorang menjelang peristiwa mendatang yang mereka katakan akan terjadi dalam keadaan tidak terduga. Paradoks tersebut diterapkan kepada tahanan yang akan digantung, atau ujian sekolah dadakan.

The first appearance of the paradox in print. The author claims that certain contingent future tense statements cannot come true.

The author argues that a surprise exam (or unexpected hanging) can indeed take place on the last day of the period and therefore that the very first premise that launches the paradox is, despite first appearances, simply false.

The author critiques O'Connor and discovers the paradox as we know it today.

The author claims that the prisoner's premises are self-referring.

The first complete formalization of the paradox, and a proposed solution to it.

A history and bibliography of writings on the paradox up to 1983.

The author claims that the prisoner assumes, falsely, that if he knows some proposition, then he also knows that he knows it.

The author defends and extends Wright and Sudbury's solution. He also updates the history and bibliography of Margalit and Bar-Hillel up to 1991.