Jabarkan Bacaan tambahan dari Universal (metafisika)

Armstrong, D. M. (1989). Universals: An Opinionated Introduction, Westview Press. (link)

Plato, Republic (esp. books V, VI, VII and X) (link)

Quine, W. V. O. (1961). "On What There is," in From a Logical Point of View, 2nd/ed. N.Y: Harper and Row.

Russell, Bertrand (1912). "The World of Universals," in The Problems of Philosophy, Oxford University Press.

Russell, Bertrand (1912b). "On the Relation of Universals and Particulars" (link)

Swoyer, Chris (2000). "Properties", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.). (link)

Williams, D. C. (1953). "On the Elements of Being", Review of Metaphysics, vol. 17. (link )