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"Beazley" The Classical Art Research Centre, Oxford University. Beazley Archive  – Extensive website on classical gems; page titles used as references

Boardman, John ed., The Oxford History of Classical Art, 1993, OUP,

Campbell, Gordon (ed). The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts, Oxford University Press US, 2006, ,  Google books

Furtwängler, Adolf. Die antiken Gemmen, 1900. This photo repertory was the cornerstone of modern studies.

Henderson, George. Early Medieval Art, 1972, rev. 1977, Penguin.

Henig, Martin (ed), A Handbook of Roman Art, Phaidon, 1983,

King, C. W.; Handbook of Engraved Gems, 1866, reprinted Kessinger Publishing, 2003, ,  Google books

Kornbluth, Genevra Alisoun. Engraved gems of the Carolingian empire, Penn State Press, 1995, . Google books

Thoresen, Lisbet. "On Gemstones: Gemological and Analytical Studies of Ancient Intaglios and Cameos." In Ancient Glyptic Art- Gem Engraving and Gem Carving. LThoresen.com  (February 2009)

Gems and gem engraving  by Pliny the Younger