Jabarkan Lihat pula dari Empat Garnisun Anxi

Wang, Xiaofu (王小甫). (1992). History of the Political Relationship Between the Tang, Tibetans, and Arabs (唐、吐蕃、大食政治關係史). Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe. ISBN 7-301-01962-9.

Xue, Zongzheng (薛宗正). (1992). History of the Turks (突厥史). Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe. ISBN 978-7-5004-0432-3; OCLC 28622013

Zhang, Guangda (張廣達). (1995). Xiyu shidi conggao chubian (Collected Drafts on the Historical Geography of the Western Regions, Vol. 1) (西域史地叢稿初編). Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe. ISBN 7-5325-1877-9