Jabarkan Umum dari Anatolia Klasik

Duncker, Max (1879). The History of Antiquity, Volume III. Richard Bentley & Son.

Freeman, Charles (1999). Egypt, Greece and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-872194-3.

Ramsay, W.M. (1904). The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia. Hodder & Stoughton.

Shipley, Graham (2000) The Greek World After Alexander. Routledge History of the Ancient World. (Routledge, New York)

Bevan, Edwyn Robert (1902). The House of Seleucus. E. Arnold.

Botsford, George Willis (1922). Hellenic History. The Macmillan Company.

Bury, John Bagnell (1913). A History of Greece to the Death of Alexander the Great. Macmillan.

Pierre Briant From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire, Eisenbrauns: 2002, ISBN 978-1-57506-031-6 Originally published in French as Histoire de l'Empire perse, Fayard, Paris, 1996