Jelaskan Latar belakang dari Tarekat Sanusiyyah

Dari tahun 1902 hingga 1913, Syekh al-Senussi melawan ekspansi kolonial Prancis di Sahara dan penjajahan Kerajaan Italia di Libya mulai tahun 1911. Dalam Perang Dunia I, Syekh As-Sanussiyy juga melawan pasukan Inggris di Mesir dan Sudan. Pada tahun 1923, pemberontak pribumi yang terkait dengan Tarekat Sanusiyyah mengorganisir gerakan perlawanan Libya terhadap pemukiman Italia di Libya.

Selama Perang Dunia II, klan Sanusi memberikan dukungan vital kepada Angkatan Darat Kedelapan Inggris di Afrika Utara melawan pasukan Jerman Nazi dan Italia Fasis. Cucu Syekh al-Senussi menjadi Raja Idris Libya pada tahun 1951. Pada tahun 1969, Idris I digulingkan oleh kudeta militer yang dipimpin oleh Muammar Khadafi. Gerakan ini tetap aktif meskipun dianiaya oleh pemerintah Khadafi. Semangat dan warisan klan Sanusi terus menonjol di Libya saat ini, sebagian besar di timur negara itu.

Si Mohammed el Hechaish, Chez les Senoussia et les Touareg, in "L'Expansion cot. française" for 1900 and the "Revue de Paris" for 1901. These are translations from the Arabic of an educated Mahommedan who visited the chief Senussite centres. An obituary notice of Senussi el Mahdi by the same writer appeared in the Arab journal El Iladira of Tunis, Sept. 2, 1902; a condensation of this article appears in the "Bull. du Corn. de l'Afriue française" for 5902; Les Senoussia, an anonymous contribution to the April supplement of the same volume, is a judicious summary of events, a short bibliography being added; Capt. Julien, in "Le Dar Ouadai" published in the same Bulletin (vol. for 1904), traces the connection between Wadai and the Senussi

L. G. Binger, in Le Peril de l'Islam in the 1906 volume of the Bulletin, discusses the position and prospects of the Senussite and other Islamic sects in North Africa. Von Grunau, in "Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde" for 1899, gives an account of his visit to Siwa

M.G.E. Bowman–Manifold, An Outline of the Egyptian and Palestine Campaigns, 1914 to 1918 2nd Edition (Chatham: The Institution of Royal Engineers, W. & J. Mackay & Co Ltd, 1923)

Russell McGuirk The Sanusi's Little War The Amazing Story of a Forgotten Conflict in the Western Desert, 1915–1917 (London, Arabian Publishing: 2007)

Field Marshal Earl Wavell, The Palestine Campaigns 3rd Edition thirteenth Printing; Series: A Short History of the British Army 4th Edition by Major E.W. Sheppard (London: Constable & Co., 1968)

Sir F. R. Wingate, in Mahdiism and the Egyptian Sudan (London, 1891), narrates the efforts made by the Mahdi Mahommed Ahmed to obtain the support of the Senussi

Sir W. Wallace, in his report to the Colonial Office on Northern Nigeria for 1906-1907, deals with Senussiism in that country.

H. Duveyrier, La Confrèrie musulmane de Sidi Mohammed ben Au es Senoussi (Paris, 1884), a book containing much exaggeration, and A. Silva White, From Sphinx to Oracle (London, 1898), which, while repeating the extreme views of Duveyrier, contains useful information.