Gw mau tau Etimologi dan pengucapan alternatf dari Timpani

Pertama kali disebutkan dalam bahasa Inggris pada akhir abad ke-19, kata Italia timpani berasal dari kata Latin tympanum (pl. tympana), yang merupakan latinisasi dari kata Yunani τύμπανον (tumpanon, pl. tumpana) yang artinya "drum tangan",

Kata Jerman untuk timpani adalah Pauken; kata Prancis dan Spanyol-nya adalah timbales.

Ferrell, Robert G. "Percussion in Medieval and Renaissance Dance Music: Theory and Performance ". 1997. Diakses pada 22 Februari 2006.

Montagu, Jeremy. Timpani & Percussion. Yale University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-300-09337-3

Peters, Mitchell. Fundamental Method for Timpani. Alfred Publishing Co., 1993. ISBN 0-7390-2051-X

Solomon, Samuel Z. How to Write for Percussion. Published by the author, 2002. ISBN 0-9744721-0-7

Thomas, Dwight. Timpani: Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved February 4, 2005.

Zoutendijk, Marc. Letters to Flamurai. February 8, 2005.

"Credits: Beatles for Sale". Allmusic. Retrieved February 18, 2005.

"Credits: A Love Supreme". Allmusic. Retrieved February 18, 2005.

"Credits: Tubular Bells". Allmusic. Retrieved February 18, 2005.

"Kettledrum". 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica as retrieved from   on February 26, 2006.

"William Kraft Biography" . Composer John Beal. Retrieved May 21, 2006.

"Timpanist – Musician or Technician?". Cloyd E. Duff, Principal Timpani – retired – Cleveland Orchestra.