Jelaskan Lihat pula dari Smirna

Bagian Alkitab yang berkaitan: Wahyu 1, Wahyu 2

Philip Mansel, Levant: Splendour and Catastrophe on the Mediterranean, London, John Murray, 11 November 2010, hardback, 480 pages, ISBN 978-0-7195-6707-0, New Haven, Yale University Press, 24 May 2011, hardback, 470 pages, ISBN 978-0-300-17264-5

Stillman, ed. The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, 1976.

Turner, J. Grove Dictionary of Art. Oxford University Press, USA; New Ed edition (January 2, 1996); ISBN 978-0-19-517068-9.