Jabarkan Daftar pustaka dari Kekaisaran Songhai

Cissoko, S. M., Timbouctou et l'empire songhay, Paris 1975.

Hunwick, J., Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire, Leiden 2003.

Lange, D., Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa, Dettelbach 2004 (the book has a chapter titled "The Mande factor in Gao history", pp. 409-544).