Jabarkan Neal Stephenson's Cryptonomicon dari Mesin Turing

Turing, A., On Computable Numbers, With an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, Series 2, Volume 42, 1936; reprinted in M. David (ed.), The Undecidable, Hewlett, NY: Raven Press, 1965;

Boolos, G. and Jeffrey, R., Computability and Logic, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.

Rogozhin, Yurii, "A Universal Turing Machine with 22 States and 2 Symbols" , Romanian Journal Of Information Science and Technology, 1(3), 259-265, 1998. (surveys known results about small universal Turing machines)

Wolfram, Stephen, A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media, ISBN 1-57955-008-8