Jabarkan Daftar Khalifah dari Khalifah

Negara Islam Irak dan Syam

Barton, Simon (2004). A History of Spain. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. .

Crone, Patricia, and Martin Hinds. God's Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. ISBN 0-521-32185-9.

Donner, Fred. The Early Islamic Conquests. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1981. ISBN 0-691-05327-8.

Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples, Faber and Faber, 1991.

Previté-Orton, C. W (1971). The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

| Diterjemahkan oleh Seyyed Hossein Nasr.