Coba jelasin Daftar Khalifah dari Khalifah dong

Negara Islam Irak dan Syam

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Donner, Fred. The Early Islamic Conquests. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1981. ISBN 0-691-05327-8.

Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples, Faber and Faber, 1991.

Previté-Orton, C. W (1971). The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

| Diterjemahkan oleh Seyyed Hossein Nasr.