卡西尼卵形線

喺幾何上，卡西尼卵形線係一條平面曲線，由呢個方程定義
,
where it is assumed that c>0 and c>d since the remaining cases either reduce to a single point or can be put into the given form with a rotation. Hippopedes are bicircular rational algebraic curves of degree 4 and symmetric with respect to both the x and y axes. When d>0 the curve has an oval form and is often known as an oval of Booth, and when d<0 the curve resembles a sideways figure eight, or lemniscate, and is often known as a lemniscate of Booth, after James Booth (1810–1878) who studied them. Hippopedes were also investigated by Proclus (for whom they are sometimes called Hippopedes of Proclus) and Eudoxus.  For d = −c, the hippopede corresponds to the lemniscate of Bernoulli.

作為環面嘅截面

Hippopedes can be defined as the curve formed by the intersection of a torus and a plane, where the plane is parallel to the axis of the torus and tangent to it on the interior circle. Thus it is a spiric section which in turn is a type of toric section.

If a circle with radius a is rotated about an axis at distance b from its center, then the equation of the resulting hippopede in polar coordinates

or in Cartesian coordinates

.

Note that when a>b the torus intersects itself, so it does not resemble the usual picture of a torus.

參考
Lawrence JD. (1972) Catalog of Special Plane Curves, Dover.  Pp. 145–146.
Booth J. A Treatise on Some New Geometrical Methods, Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, London, Vol. I (1873) and Vol. II (1877).

"Hippopede" at 2dcurves.com
"Courbes de Booth" at Encyclopédie des Formes Mathématiques Remarquables

曲線一覽

"The Hippopede of Proclus" at The National Curve Bank

Algebraic curves
Spiric sections