人道主義

人道主義，指對人類生命價值上存有積極信念，由此人實踐仁慈待遇，為其他人提供援助，以道義上邏輯上都得到人性化。哲學信念可令各方面改善人類行動，用來形容同人類福祉有關。醫生被稱為「人道主義者」。

非政治意識形態
人道主義係一種非正式意識形態實踐；作為人有義務促進人類福祉原則。

歷史

英國
工業革命經濟動蕩時，19世紀末同1900年代初社會改革中出現人道主義。20世紀20年代，英國中好多參與女權主義婦女都推動人道主義。由於人道主義者對議會造成壓力，童工同非技術工人殘暴時間，同工作條件上立法。1833年工廠法同1844年工廠法係工業革命後，英國議會通過一部份最重要人道主義法案。

十九世紀中葉，人道主義係佛羅倫薩夜鶯同亨利·杜南緊急情況下工作核心，後一種情況導致紅十字成立。

中國
20世紀重要例子中，維園六四燭光晚會、天安門母親等反共社運，係中國人同外國華人以人性對抗六四中共軍政治屠殺；黃雀行動就係人道主義實行，以救返中國政治犯條人命為第一任務。

近年中華人民共和國人權面臨挑戰挫敗，代表性事件有活摘器官、強拆、同中共貪污內鬥社會化等。

英國人道主義機構聯盟
 日內瓦公約
 好撒瑪利亞人
 人道救援
 國際人道主義責任夥伴關係
 人道主義援助
 人道主義原則
 人道主義同政治
 人性
 國際人道主義法
 慈善
 世界公民
 世界人道主義節

書
 Aristotle, Politics, Everyman Library,1947
 The Readers Bible, Complete authorised version, O.U.P. and Cambridge University Press, 1951
 Bass Gary J, "Humanitarian Impulses", The New York Times Magazine, 2008.
 Bonhoeffer, Dietrich Ethics, Fontana, 1963.
 Bowen, Catherine Drinker, The Lion under the Throne, Hamish Hamilton, 1957.
 Brogan, Hugh, The Penguin History of the United States of America, 1990.
 Bury, History of Freedom of Thought, Oxford University Press, 1952,.
 Churchill, Winston. S., The American Civil War, Corgi Books, 1970.
 Cragg Gerald R, The Church and the Age of Reason, Penguin, 1990.
 Craveri Michael, The Life of Jesus, Martin Secker& Warburg Ltd, 1967.
 Crump & Jacob,The Legacy of the Middle Ages, Oxford University Press, 1926.
 Davis David Brion, The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture, Cornell University Press, 1966.
 de Torrent, Nicholas: "Humanitarian Action Under Attack: Reflections on the Iraq War" Harvard Human Rights Journal, Volume 17, Spring 2004 Harvard University Retrieved 13 July 2007
 Dictionary.com: Humanitarianism
 D'Sousa, Dinesh, The End of Racism, The Free Press, 1995.
 Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica Ltd., 1959.
 Freud, Sigmund, Civilization and its Discontents, Dover Publications, 1994.
 Gierke, Otto, Natural Law, Beacon Press, 1957.
 Glover, Jonathon, Humanity, Pimlico, 2001
 Graveson, R. H. & Crane F. R., A Century of Family Law 1857–1957, Sweet & Maxwell, 1957.
 Green, J. R., A Short History of the English people, Macmillan & co, 1917.
 Greer, Germaine, The Female Eunuch, Macgibbon & Kee, London, 1971.
 Hill, Christopher, God's Englishman, Penguin 1970.
 Hill, Christopher, The World Turned Upside Down, Penguin 1975.
 Hoebel, E Adamson, The Law of Primitive Man, Atheneum, New York, 1973.
 Hughes, Phillip, The Reformation, Burns Oates, 1957.
 Hughes, Robert, The Fatal Shore, Pan Books, 1987.
 Johnson, Charles and Smith Patricia, Africans in America, Harcourt Brace (1998).
 Koestler, Arthur, Reflections on Hanging, Victor Gollancz, 1956.
 Koestler, Arthur, The Yogi and the Commissar, Jonathan Cape, 1964.
 Labrousse, E, Bayle, Oxford University Press, 1983.
 Locke, John, Political Writings, Penguin Classics, 1993.
 Macaulay, Lord, Historical Essays, T. Nelson & sons.
 Marrus, Michael P., The Nuremberg Trial 1945-4, A Documentary History, Bedford Books, 1997
 Mill, John Stuart, On Liberty and the Subjection of Women, Wordsworth Classics
 Mill, John Stuart, Principles of Political Economy, Longmans Green, 1873.

Moorehead, Caroline, Dunant's Dream, War, Switzerland and the History of the Red Cross, Carroll & Graf, 1999
 Morley, John, Voltaire, Chapman & Hall, 1872.
 Müller-Lyer, F. C., The family, George Allen & Unwin.
 Mumford, Lewis,The Condition of Man, Martin Secker & Warburg.
 Neill, William,The Bible Companion, Skeffington.
 Nehru, Jerwarhalal, Glimpses of World History, Oxford University Press, 1982
 O'Connell, International Law, Stevens, 1970
 O'Sullivan, Richard, The Inheritance of the Common Law, Stevens & Sons Ltd, 1950
 Patterson, Orlando, Freedom in the Making of Western Culture, Basic Books, 1991.
 Perlman, Linda, We did Nothing, Viking, 2003

Pollock & Maitland, The History of English Law, Cambridge University Press, 1968.
 Power, Samantha, A Problem from Hell, Flamingo, 2002
 Radzinowicz, Leon, History of English Criminal Law, Stevens.
 Robertson, Geoffrey, Crimes against Humanity, Penguin Books, 3rd Edit., 2008.
 Robbins, L, The Theory of Economic Policy, MacMillan, 1952
 Rudé, George, Revolutionary Europe (1783–1815), Collins, 1964
 Russell, Bertrand, History of Western Philosophy, George Allen & Unwin, 1948.
 Russell, Bertrand Religion & Science, Home University Library, 1947.
 Schweitzer, Albert, Civilization & Ethics, Unwin, 1961.
 Seaver, Albert Schweizer, The Man and his Mind, A & C Black, 1969.
 Shapiro, Harry L, Man and Culture, Oxford University Press, 1971
 Shirer, William, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Secker & Warburg, 1962
 Singer, Peter, Animal Liberation, Pimlico
 Spender, John, The Government of Mankind, Cassell
 Strachey, Lytton, Elizabeth & Essex, Penguin
 Thomas, Hugh, History of the World, Harper & Rowe,1979
 Trevelyan, G. M., Illustrated History of England, Longmans, Green and Co., 1956
 Trevelyan, G. M.Illustrated Social History of England, Pelican, 1964
 Toynbee, Arnold, A Study of History, Oxford University Press, first edit., 1934
 Walter, J. (2003).  Focus on ethics in aid. World disasters report, 2003. Geneva, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Retrieved 2007-07-13
 Waters, Tony (2001). Bureaucratizing the Good Samaritan: The Limitations of Humanitarian Relief Operations.  Boulder: Westview Press.
 Weber, Max, The Protestant ethic and the spirit of Capitalism, Allen & Unwin, 1950.
 Whitehead, Alfred North, Adventures of Ideas, Pelican, reprint,1948
 Wilson, A. M., The Life of John Milton, Oxford University Press
 Wilson, Richard Ashby and Richard D. Brown, eds., Humanitarianism and Suffering: The Mobilization of Empathy. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

類:人權
類:道德
類:倫理理論