幽門螺旋菌

幽門螺旋菌係一種令人類患胃病嘅細菌，革蘭氏陰性桿菌，長約 2 至 4 微米。

歷史 
1875年，德國科學家喺人嘅胃都發現佢哋，但係唔可以喺人體外培植，結果不了了之。

1982年，兩個澳大利亞科學家，華倫同馬歇爾將幽門螺旋菌響人嘅胃黏液度分開同成功培植，佢哋嘅結論認為人嘅胃潰瘍、胃炎係由呢隻菌引起。開始嗰陣，冇乜人信佢，皆因一直認為啲菌冇可能長時間喺強胃酸度生存。馬歇爾飲咗幾滴呢隻菌落肚，之後患上胃潰瘍，用抗生素治療就好番，之後經過更詳細嘅研究，醫學界對呢隻菌同胃病關係，慢慢咁接受。

1994年，美國國立衞生研究院提出大多數常見胃病係由幽門螺旋菌造成，醫嗰陣應加入抗生素。2005年，華倫同馬歇爾因呢個發現得到諾貝爾醫學獎。

感染 
全球約有五成人口受感染，而中國地區感染率係 60-80%。帶菌者通常冇症狀。研究發現幽門螺旋杆菌感染率高嘅地區，胃癌嘅比率亦相應多啲。

拎 

Helicobacter pylori - Natural solutions Offers guidance and natural programmes for H Pylori sufferers
 The Helicobacter Foundation provides information on Helicobacter pylori and its effects - founded by Dr. Barry J. Marshall, one of the discoverers of H. pylori
 Helicobacter pylori persistence: biology and disease by Martin J. Blaser and John C. Atherton in Journal of Clinical Investigations (2004) Volume 113 pages 321–333.
 Helicobacter pylori: Physiology and Genetics Online text of the Mobley et al book (via NCBI).
 European Helicobacter Study Group sponsors annual international workshop, yearbook, and clinical guidelines
 The Year in Helicobacter pylori 2006 Helicobacter journal Supplement Oct 2006 - Free content 
 1994–2005 back issues
 Atwood KC. Bacteria, Ulcers, and Ostracism?: H. pylori and the Making of a Myth. Skeptical Inquirer November 2004. Fulltext Claims that medicine’s purported ostracism of the discovery of H. pylori has achieved a mythological quality, but isn't true: after appropriate initial scientific skepticism, the hypothesis was accepted right "on schedule".
 Microscopic image of H. pylori
 H. pylori Picture Book
 List of species in the genus Helicobacter
 Out Of Africa -- Bacteria, As Well: Homo Sapiens And H. Pylori Jointly Spread Across The Globe ScienceDaily (Feb. 16, 2007) — When man made his way out of Africa some 60,000 years ago to populate the world, he was not alone: He was accompanied by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori''....

細菌