強化敏感度理論

強化敏感度理論係一個喺廿世紀尾興起，描述性格嘅心理學理論。

概論 

研究 RST 嘅心理學家喺實驗室入面做咗觀察，睇大家鼠等動物喺遇到唔同事物嗰陣有點樣嘅行為，然後仲做咗神經成像睇吓呢啲行為由邊啲腦區主宰。根據 RST 研究得出嘅結果，一隻動物嘅腦有三個重要系統：
行為趨近系統：呢個系統會對表示強化嘅刺激有反應，一旦啟動就會傾向令隻動物行埋去向個刺激嗰度；可以犒賞系統。
戰鬥定逃走系統：呢個系統會對表示懲罰嘅刺激有反應，一旦啟動就會引致戰鬥定逃走反應，令隻動物進入恐懼等能夠幫佢避開危險嘅情緒狀態；
行為壓抑系統：呢個系統會對一啲唔明確嘅刺激有反應，反映咗 BAS 同 FFS 同時啟動，例如個個體遠睇到有隻生物，嗰隻生物有可能係同伴，但又有可能係獵食者；BIS 傾向引起焦慮嘅情緒－焦慮情緒反映個個體對未來感到不確定性，傾向令個個體進入所謂嘅慎重趨近狀態，即係會作出趨近，但同時將注意力變成集中於留意周圍有冇危險喺呢三個系統正常運作嗰陣，隻動物可以順利得到佢需要嘅嘢，同時又可以避開有危險嘅嘢，所以有助隻動物生存同繁殖，通過進化嘅考驗流傳到落嚟。

除此之外，RST 仲進一步提出，無論係人定第啲動物，唔同個體喺呢幾個系統嘅敏感度上有差異：例如有啲人嘅 FFS 敏感度高，所以佢哋稍為感覺到危險，就會即刻出現驚等嘅反應，而另一啲人嘅 FFS 敏感度低，所以就算真係遇到危險嗰陣都唔會有太巨大嘅反應－前者會比較細膽；有啲人嘅 BAS 敏感度高，所以容易進入趨近狀態... 等等；根據 RST，性格呢樣嘢可以想像成呢三個系統嘅敏感度上嘅個體差異，而事實係，問卷調查同心理學實驗等嘅研究都支撐咗呢一個學說。

性格
衝動
海馬體
犒賞系統

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Jackson, Chris J. (2009). "Jackson-5 scales of revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST) and their application to dysfunctional real-world outcomes" (PDF). Journal of Research in Personality. 43 (4): 556–569.
Krupić, D., Corr, P. J., Ručević, S., Križanić, V., & Gračanin, A. (2016). Five reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) of personality questionnaires: Comparison, validity and generalization (PDF). Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 19-24.
Krupić, D., & Corr, P. J. (2020). How reinforcement sensitivity theory relates to self-determination theory (PDF). Personality and Individual Differences, 155, 109705.
Maack, D. J., Buchanan, E., & Young, J. (2015). Development and psychometric investigation of an inventory to assess fight, flight, and freeze tendencies: The fight, flight, freeze questionnaire (PDF). Cognitive behaviour therapy, 44(2), 117-127.
Walker, B. R., & Jackson, C. J. (2017). Examining the validity of the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory scales (PDF). Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 90-94.

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