In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words.

Q: Truth discovery is to resolve conflicts and find the truth from multiple-source statements. Conventional methods mostly research based on the mutual effect between the reliability of sources and the credibility of statements, however, pay no attention to the mutual effect among the credibility of statements about the same object. We propose memory network based models to incorporate these two ideas to do the truth discovery. We use feedforward memory network and feedback memory network to learn the representation of the credibility of statements which are about the same object. Specially, we adopt memory mechanism to learn source reliability and use it through truth prediction. During learning models, we use multiple types of data (categorical data and continuous data) by assigning different weights automatically in the loss function based on their own effect on truth discovery prediction. The experiment results show that the memory network based models much outperform the state-of-the-art method and other baseline methods.

A: Truth Discovery with Memory Network
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Q: We introduce a novel training principle for probabilistic models that is an alternative to maximum likelihood. The proposed Generative Stochastic Networks (GSN) framework is based on learning the transition operator of a Markov chain whose stationary distribution estimates the data distribution. The transition distribution of the Markov chain is conditional on the previous state, generally involving a small move, so this conditional distribution has fewer dominant modes, being unimodal in the limit of small moves. Thus, it is easier to learn because it is easier to approximate its partition function, more like learning to perform supervised function approximation, with gradients that can be obtained by backprop. We provide theorems that generalize recent work on the probabilistic interpretation of denoising autoencoders and obtain along the way an interesting justification for dependency networks and generalized pseudolikelihood, along with a definition of an appropriate joint distribution and sampling mechanism even when the conditionals are not consistent. GSNs can be used with missing inputs and can be used to sample subsets of variables given the rest. We validate these theoretical results with experiments on two image datasets using an architecture that mimics the Deep Boltzmann Machine Gibbs sampler but allows training to proceed with simple backprop, without the need for layerwise pretraining. P(X)

A: Deep Generative Stochastic Networks Trainable by Backprop
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Q: A central task in many applications is reasoning about processes that change over continuous time. Recently, Nodelman et al. introduced continuous time Bayesian networks (CTBNs), a structured representation for representing Continuous Time Markov Processes over a structured state space. In this paper, we introduce continuous time Markov networks (CTMNs), an alternative representation language that represents a different type of continuous-time dynamics, particularly appropriate for modeling biological and chemical systems. In this language, the dynamics of the process is described as an interplay between two forces: the tendency of each entity to change its state, which we model using a continuous-time proposal process that suggests possible local changes to the state of the system at different rates; and a global fitness or energy function of the entire system, governing the probability that a proposed change is accepted, which we capture by a Markov network that encodes the fitness of different states. We show that the fitness distribution is also the stationary distribution of the Markov process, so that this representation provides a characterization of a temporal process whose stationary distribution has a compact graphical representation. We describe the semantics of the representation, its basic properties, and how it compares to CTBNs. We also provide an algorithm for learning such models from data, and demonstrate its potential benefit over other learning approaches.

A:
Continuous Time Markov Networks
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