Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: To explore the effect of delta-opioid receptor (DOR) in electroacupuncture (EA) protecting the brain against acute ischemic injury.', 'Fifty-one rats were randomly divided into sham ischemia group, ischemia group, sham EA group, EA group, and EA+DOR antagonist (naltrindole) group. Transient focal cerebral ischemia (1 hour) was induced in rat brain by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method. EA was applied on Shuigou (GV 26) and Neiguan (PC 6) for 30 min, starting immediately after the onset of reperfusion. Neurological deficit scores and volume of cerebral infarction were detected after 24-hour reperfusion. Other 12 rats were randomly divided into sham ischemia group, ischemia group, EA group and EA + naltrindole group. DOR protein expressions were assessed by Western blotting after 24-hour reperfusion.', 'In comparison with the ischemia group and sham EA group, EA significantly reduced ischemic infarction and neurological deficits (P<0.05); EA significantly increased the expression of 60 kD DOR protein (P<0.05) and tended to increase that of 36 kD DOR protein (P>0.05). When naltrindole was combined with EA, the naltrindole completely abolished the EA-induced protection in ischemic infarction and neurological deficits, and also arrested the expression of DOR.
Answer: EA can up-regulate DOR expression and protect the brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Output: Does [ Electroacupuncture protect the brain against acute ischemic injury via up-regulation of delta-opioid receptor in rats ]?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are at increased risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and preeclampsia. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) directly alter trophoblast function. Treatment with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) reduces the risk of RPL but not preeclampsia. Moreover, LMWH stimulates trophoblast sFlt-1 release, an anti-angiogenic factor associated with preeclampsia. Since vitamin D deficiency is associated with APS and preeclampsia, this study sought to determine the effect of vitamin D on trophoblast function in the setting of aPL and LMWH.', 'A human first trimester trophoblast cell line (HTR8) and primary trophoblast cultures were treated with or without aPL in the presence and absence of vitamin D, LMWH or both. Trophoblast secretion of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors were measured by ELISA.', 'Vitamin D alone or in combination with LMWH attenuated the aPL-induced trophoblast inflammatory response in the HTR8 cells and primary cultures. While vitamin D did not have any impact on aPL-mediated modulation of angiogenic factors in the primary trophoblast, it significantly inhibited LMWH-induced sFlt-1 release.
Answer: LMWH in combination with vitamin D may be more beneficial than single-agent therapy by preventing aPL-induced trophoblast inflammation and reversing LMWH-induced sFlt-1 secretion.

Output: Does vitamin D reverse aPL-induced inflammation and LMWH-induced sFlt-1 release by human trophoblast?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Broad-spectrum antibiotics disrupt the intestinal microbiota. The microbiota is essential for physiological processes, such as the development of the gut immune system. Recent murine data suggest that the intestinal microbiota also modulates systemic innate immune responses; however, evidence in humans is lacking.', 'Twelve healthy young men were given oral broad-spectrum antibiotics (ciprofloxacin 500\u2009mg bid, vancomycin 500\u2009mg tid and metronidazole 500\u2009mg tid) for 7 days. At baseline, 1 day, and 6 weeks after antibiotics, blood and feces were sampled. Whole blood and isolated mononuclear cells were stimulated with selected Toll-like receptor agonists and heat-killed bacteria. Microbiota diversity and composition was determined using bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing.', 'One day after the antibiotic course, microbial diversity was significantly lower compared with baseline. After antibiotic therapy, systemic mononuclear cells produced lower levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α after ex vivo stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This diminished capacity to produce TNF-α was restored 6 weeks after cessation of antibiotic therapy. In whole blood, a reduced capacity to release interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 was observed after LPS stimulation. Antibiotic treatment did not impact on differential leukocyte counts, phagocytosis, and cell surface markers of neutrophils and monocytes.
Answer: In this proof-of-principle study of healthy subjects, microbiota disruption by broad-spectrum antibiotics is reversibly associated with decreased systemic cellular responsiveness towards LPS. The implications of these findings in a clinical setting remain to be determined.


Output: Does antibiotic-Induced Gut Microbiota Disruption decrease TNF-α Release by Mononuclear Cells in Healthy Adults?