TASK DEFINITION: In this task you are expected to provide an SQL statement from an english description of what that SQL statement does. The description may include multiple steps but you should only ouput one SQL statement that accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1.
PROBLEM: Step 1: find the rows in employee table whose salary greater than 5000.
Step 2: find each value of name, name in the results of step 1 ordered descending by number of rows that correspond of each value.
Step 3: only show the first row of the results

SOLUTION: SELECT name , name FROM employee WHERE salary > 5000 GROUP BY name ORDER BY Count ( * ) Desc LIMIT 1

PROBLEM: Step 1: find the number of rows of each value of Channel in TV_series table.
Step 2: find Channel in TV_series table whose corresponding value in step 1 is greater than 2

SOLUTION: SELECT Channel FROM TV_series GROUP BY Channel HAVING Count ( * ) > 2

PROBLEM: Step 1: For each row in Member_of table, find corresponding rows in Faculty table and in Department table.
Step 2: find DName, Lname of the results of step 1 whose Faculty's Building equals M and Department's Building equals NEB

SOLUTION:
SELECT T2.DName , T1.Lname FROM Faculty AS T1 JOIN Department AS T2 JOIN Member_of AS T3 ON T1.FacID = T3.FacID AND T3.DNO = T2.DNO WHERE T1.Building = "M" AND T2.Building = "NEB"