Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Context: PTH stimulates bone formation in Fgfr3 knockout mice through promotion of proliferation and differentiation in osteoblasts.', 'Previous studies showed that endogenous fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) is required for parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated bone anabolic effects, however, the exact mechanisms by which PTH stimulate bone formation and the function of FGF receptors in mediating these actions are not fully defined. FGF receptor 3 (FGFR3) has been characterized as an important regulator of bone metabolism and is confirmed to cross-talk with PTH/PTHrP signal in cartilage and bone development.', 'Fgfr3 knockout and wild-type mice at 2-month-old and 4-month-old were intraperitoneally injected with PTH intermittently for 4 weeks and then the skeletal responses to PTH were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), micro-computed tomography (μCT) and bone histomorphometry.', 'Intermittent PTH treatment improved bone mineral density (BMD) and femoral mechanical properties in both Fgfr3 (-/-) and wild-type mice. Histomorphometric analysis showed that bone formation and bone resorption were increased in both genotypes following PTH treatment. PTH treatment increased trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) in WT and Fgfr3-deficient mice. The anabolic response in Fgfr3-deficient and wild-type bone is characterized by an increase of both bone formation and resorption-related genes following PTH treatment. In addition, we found that Fgfr3 null osteoblasts (compared to wild-type controls) maintained normal abilities to response to PTH-stimulated increase of proliferation, differentiation, expression of osteoblastic marker genes (Cbfa1, Osteopontin and Osteocalcin), and phosphorylation of Erk1/2.
Answer: Bone anabolic effects of PTH were not impaired by the absence of FGFR3, suggesting that the FGFR3 signaling may not be required for osteoanabolic effects of PTH activities.

Ex Output:
Does fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Deficiency Impair the Osteoanabolic Action of Parathyroid Hormone on Mice?


Ex Input:
Context: Studies that investigate the subjective benefit from a bone conduction implant (BCI) sound processor in patients with single-sided sensorineural deafness (SSD) have been limited to examining short- and mid-term benefit. In the current study, we performed a survey among 44 SSD BCI users with a median follow-up time of 50 months.', 'Forty-four experienced SSD BCI users participated in the survey, which consisted of the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, the Single-Sided Deafness Questionnaire, the Short Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults, and a self-made user questionnaire. For patients with tinnitus, the Tinnitus Questionnaire was also completed. The results of the survey were correlated with contralateral hearing loss, age at implantation, duration of the hearing loss at the time of implantation, duration of BCI use, and the presence and burden of tinnitus.', 'In total, 86% of the patients still used their sound processor. The Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit and the Short Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults show a statistically significant overall improvement with the BCI. The Single-Sided Deafness Questionnaire and the user questionnaire showed that almost 40% of the patients reported daily use of the sound processor. However, the survey of daily use reveals benefit only in certain circumstances. Speech understanding in noisy situations is rated rather low, and 58% of all patients reported that their BCI benefit was less than expected.
Answer: The majority of the patients reported an overall improvement from using their BCI. However, the number of users decreases during a longer follow-up time and patients get less enthusiastic about the device after an extended period of use, especially in noisy situations. However, diminished satisfaction because of time-related reductions in processor function could not be ruled out.

Ex Output:
Do long-term subjective benefit with a bone conduction implant sound processor in 44 patients with single-sided deafness?


Ex Input:
Context: Glycemic load represents the total glycemic effect of the diet and may reduce the risk for chronic disease by affecting the risk for obesity and by altering metabolic endpoints. The food choices associated with lower-glycemic-load diets have received little investigation. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine the food patterns associated with lower-glycemic-load diets to establish targeted intervention messages.', 'A random sample (n=179; 81 male and 98 female subjects) of older adults > or =65 years of age in the Geisinger Rural Aging study, a nutritional risk screening study.', 'Standardized methodology was used to calculate the glycemic load from data obtained in five 24-hour recalls. Statistical analysis t tests compared dietary patterns between male and female subjects from two eating pattern clusters identified in previous cluster analysis based on food group intake.', 'The mean (+/-standard deviation) glycemic load for the entire sample was 115.6 (+/-39.9). Two clusters were identified, and male and female subjects in one cluster had a lower glycemic load (113.7+/-44.2 and 94.0+/-27.5, respectively) than male and female subjects in the second cluster (139.9+/-38.8 and 110.7+/-35.9, respectively) ( P <.01). Participants in the lower-glycemic-load cluster consumed more carbohydrate from cereal, fruits, vegetables, and milk, whereas those in the higher-glycemic-load cluster consumed more breads and desserts.
Answer: Promoting appropriate portions of nutrient-dense carbohydrate foods, particularly whole grain, fruits, vegetables, and dairy foods, may offer reasonable guidance for lowering the glycemic load of the diet among older adults. A lower-glycemic-load diet may reduce the risk for obesity and many chronic diseases.

Ex Output:

Are more favorable dietary patterns associated with lower glycemic load in older adults?