Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) degrades the essential amino acid tryptophan and has been shown to minimize rejection in animal models of renal transplantation. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is unavoidable in renal transplantation and correlates with shorter graft survival times. Despite its favorable effects on rejection, there is evidence that IDO may facilitate renal IRI. Differentiating the negative impact of IDO on IRI from its pro-tolerant effects in allograft rejection is of clinical relevance. In these studies we hypothesized that constitutive IDO activity may influence renal genes associated with recovery from IRI, and that IDO inhibition may unmask these effects.', 'We examined the renal transcriptome in a rat model of IRI with and without IDO inhibition with 1-methyl-d-tryptophan (1-MT), and assessed for alterations in the gene expression signature.', 'These studies demonstrated that during recovery from renal IRI, pre-treatment with 1-MT alleviated alterations in 105 coding sequences associated with IRI, and in turn triggered new changes in 66 non-coding transcripts, the majority of which were represented by small nucleolar RNA.

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a sub-type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by a block of myeloid differentiation at the promyelocytic stage and the predominant t(15:17) chromosomal translocation. We have previously determined that cells from APL patients show increased expression of genes regulated by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) compared to normal promyelocytes. HIFs regulate crucial aspects of solid tumor progression and are currently being implicated in leukemogenesis.', "To investigate the contribution of hypoxia-related signaling in APL compared to other AML sub-types, we reverse engineered a transcriptional network from gene expression profiles of AML patients' samples, starting from a list of direct target genes of HIF-1. A HIF-1-dependent subnetwork of genes specifically dysregulated in APL was derived from the comparison between APL and other AMLs.", 'Interestingly, this subnetwork shows a unique involvement of genes related to extracellular matrix interaction and cell migration, with decreased expression of genes involved in cell adhesion and increased expression of genes implicated in motility and invasion, thus unveiling the presence of characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We observed that the genes of this subnetwork, whose dysregulation shows a peculiar pattern across different AML sub-types, distinguish malignant from normal promyelocytes, thus ruling out dependence on a myeloid developmental stage. Also, expression of these genes is reversed upon treatment of APL-derived NB4 cells with all-trans retinoic acid and cell differentiation.

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
To compare histologically the size and appearance of capsule disks after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional cataract surgery.', 'In 100 eyes of 100 patients with visually significant cataracts, a femtosecond laser capsulotomy or a capsulorhexis with an aimed diameter of 5.0 mm was performed by one experienced surgeon. The diameter, area, circularity, and cut quality was histologically examined with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.', 'The mean diameter of the manual and the femtosecond laser capsule disk group were not statistically significantly different (manual 4.91 ± 0.34; femtosecond: 4.93 ± 0.03; p = 0.58). The mean area of the capsule disks was 18.85 ± 2.69 mm2 in the manual and 19.03 ± 0.26 mm2 in the femtosecond group (p = 0.64). The capsules of the femtosecond group (0.95 ± 0.02) were significantly more circular than the ones of the manual group (0.81 ± 0.07; p&lt;0.0001). The femtosecond laser capsule disks displayed a more saw blade-like structure created through the single laser spots. The histologic examination combined with prospective video analysis revealed respiratory movement of the eye during the capsulotomy as a potential risk factor for redial tears.

Ex Output:

1