Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD), it has often been assumed that an elevation in serum ferritin is likely related to inflammation rather than iron overload.', 'Patients referred with NAFLD were entered into a clinical study of phlebotomy therapy. A liver biopsy with liver iron concentration was done at entry and 6 months after phlebotomy (n = 56) until the patient had a low serum ferritin or developed anemia. Serum ferritin was compared to liver iron concentration, ESR, CRP, BMI and grade of inflammation on liver biopsy.', 'Iron removed by phlebotomy in NAFLD correlated with the decrease in serum ferritin (r = 0.57, p = 0.0014) and liver iron concentration (r = 0.57, p = 0.0013). There was no significant correlations between serum ferritin and ESR, CRP or grade of liver inflammation.

Answer: 0


Question: Several viruses have been recently isolated from Mediterranean phlebotomine sand flies; some are known to cause human disease while some are new to science. To monitor the Phlebotomus-borne viruses spreading, field studies are in progress using different sand fly collection and storage methods. Two main sampling techniques consist of CDC light traps, an attraction method allowing collection of live insects in which the virus is presumed to be fairly preserved, and sticky traps, an interception method suitable to collect dead specimens in high numbers, with a risk for virus viability or integrity. Sand flies storage requires a "deep cold chain" or specimen preservation in ethanol. In the present study the influence of sand fly collection and storage methods on viral isolation and RNA detection performances was evaluated experimentally.', 'Specimens of laboratory-reared Phlebotomus perniciosus were artificially fed with blood containing Toscana virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Phlebovirus). Various collection and storage conditions of blood-fed females were evaluated to mimic field procedures using single and pool samples. Isolation on VERO cell cultures, quantitative Real time-Retro-transcriptase (RT)-PCR and Nested-RT-PCR were performed according to techniques commonly used in surveillance studies.', 'Live engorged sand flies stored immediately at -80 °C were the most suitable sample for phlebovirus identification by both virus isolation and RNA detection. The viral isolation rate remained very high (26/28) for single dead engorged females frozen after 1 day, while it was moderate (10/30) for specimens collected by sticky traps maintained up to 3 days at room temperature and then stored frozen without ethanol. Opposed to viral isolation, molecular RNA detection kept very high on dead sand flies collected by sticky traps when left at room temperature up to 6 days post blood meal and then stored frozen in presence (88/95) or absence (87/88) of ethanol. Data were confirmed using sand fly pools.

Answer: 0


Question: White cell reduction of blood products minimizes the risks of alloimmunization against HLA-antigens, the transmission of viral diseases and the incidence of platelet transfusion reactions. One modern strategy is leukocyte depletion with an integrated filter system immediately after preparation and prior to storage.', 'We evaluated the efficiency of a novel in-line filter system Sepacell PLX-5 BPS for leukocyte reduction of platelet concentrates (PC) from pooled buffy-coats. A total of 44 PCs were investigated with regard to different filtration flow rates (25-110 ml/min) and leukocyte depletion and thrombocyte recovery rates were analysed. Furthermore, we studied the influence of filtration on PCs over a storage period of 6 days (n = 12) by investigation of pH, lactate and glucose. Platelet function was determined by means of hypotonic shock response, external shape change and expression of CD62p.', 'The mean leukocyte depletion rate was > log 5. After filtration the mean leukocyte count was 0.12 +/- 0.21 x 10(6). In 60% of the PCs the leukocyte count lay below the detection level of the Nageotte chamber, which is < 0.3 x 10(5). The flow rate correlates significantly with the leukocyte count in the PCs (r = 0.325; p = 0.033) and therefore with the leukocyte depletion rate (r = -0.422; p = 0.01). Flow rates under 40 ml lead to a significantly lower leukocyte contamination. Only in one PC, at a flow rate of 84 ml/min, was the leukocyte threshold of 1 x 10(6) exceeded. We did not find a significant correlation between filtration flow rate and thrombocyte recovery (r = 0.315; p = 0.069). The mean platelet count in the PC was 2.88 +/- 0.47 x 10(11). Compared with the thrombocyte count in the pooled buffy coat, the recovery was 68.6%. We observed a decrease of pH, glucose, external shape change and hypotonic shock response over the storage period while lactate and the expression of CD62p increased.

Answer:
0