In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Surgery has been the gold standard in the treatment of adult pyloric stenosis (APS). The introduction of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in 1989 revolutionised the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and its complications.', 'We carried out a prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of PPIs as an alternative to surgery for treatment of APS. Six consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of adult peptic pyloric stenosis between November 1999 and August 2002 were studied. The diagnosis was confirmed with endoscopy. All patients were commenced on a twice-daily dose of intravenous PPI. This was changed to oral treatment after 2 days. Main outcome measures evaluated were resolution of symptoms on PPIs and failure of medical therapy.', 'There were five females and one male. Median age at diagnosis was 72 years (range, 30-90 years). Median duration of symptoms was 2 weeks (range, 1-5 weeks). Of the patients, five had a history of peptic ulcer disease. Complete resolution was achieved in 5 patients (83%). Median duration for resolution of symptoms was 9 days (range, 5-14 days). All patients were changed to oral PPIs after 2 days. One patient did not respond to oral therapy and required surgical intervention (pyloroplasty). Median follow-up was 26 months (range, 6-48 months). There was no recurrence of symptoms. All patients were discharged on low-dose PPI.\Question: Is proton pump inhibition a feasible primary alternative to surgery and balloon dilatation in adult peptic pyloric stenosis ( APS ) : report of six consecutive cases?

Output: This study supports the view that proton pump inhibitors are a safe and feasible alternative to surgery in adult pyloric stenosis secondary to peptic ulcer disease.


Input: Consider Input: Context: Cognitive impairment is a common feature of late-life bipolar disorder (BD). Yet, there is limited information on the biological mechanisms associated with this process. It is uncertain whether cognitively impaired patients with BD may present the Alzheimer's disease (AD) bio-signature in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), defined as a combination of low concentrations of the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ1-42 ) and high concentrations of total tau (T-tau) and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-tau). In this study, we sought to determine whether cognitive impairment in elderly patients with BD is associated with the AD CSF bio-signature.", 'Seventy-two participants were enrolled in the study. The test group comprised older adults with BD and mild cognitive impairment (BD-MCI; n\xa0=\xa016) and the comparison groups comprised patients with dementia due to AD (n\xa0=\xa017), patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI; n\xa0=\xa014), and cognitively healthy older adults (control group; n\xa0=\xa025). CSF samples were obtained by lumbar puncture and concentrations of Aβ1-42 , T-tau and P-tau were determined.', 'CSF concentrations of all biomarkers were significantly different in the AD group compared to all other groups, but did not differentiate BD-MCI subjects from aMCI subjects and controls. BD-MCI patients had a non-significant reduction in CSF Aβ1-42 compared to controls, but this was still higher than in the AD group. Concentrations of T-tau and P-tau in BD-MCI patients were similar to those in controls, and significantly lower than those in AD.\Question: Is cognitive impairment in late-life bipolar disorder associated with Alzheimer 's disease pathological signature in the cerebrospinal fluid?

Output: Cognitively impaired patients with BD do not display the so-called AD bio-signature in the CSF. We therefore hypothesize that cognitive deterioration in BD is not associated with the classical pathophysiological mechanisms observed in AD, i.e., amyloid deposition and hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated tau protein.


Input: Consider Input: Context: The objective of this study was to determine if delivery of wound care instruction pre-Mohs micrographic surgery versus the typical, post-Mohs surgery would allow for greater patient retention.', 'A non-blinded, randomized, controlled trial receiving institutional review board exemption from Michigan State University was conducted over a three-month period. Patients scheduled for Mohs surgery on 13 selected days were randomized into pre- versus post-procedure groups to receive wound care education.', 'This study was conducted at a dermatology practice in Saint Joseph, Michigan.', 'Fifty cognitive and literate patients greater than 18 years of age were evaluated in this study.', "PARTICIPANTS' ability to recall instructions delivered by a Mohs surgeon in the form of digital media was assessed by a 10-question, multiple-choice exam. Additional analyses were conducted on patient's disposition around medical professionals, past experience with Mohs surgery, preference for digital media versus human instruction, and desire for home access.", 'Pre- (n=24; score=77±14%) versus post-(n=26; 83±11%) procedure education displayed no significant difference (p=0.13) in overall questionnaire performance. Seventy-four percent of participants preferred video delivery as opposed to provider instruction. Thirty-four percent reported being intimidated by healthcare workers. Participant performance showed no significant change (p=0.78) with previous exposure (79±19%) to Mohs surgery versus a first-time encounter (80±11%).\Question: Does video education provide effective wound care instruction pre- or post-mohs micrographic surgery?


Output: Video education prior to or post-Mohs surgery serves as an effective mechanism for patient education and improvement of time management in clinical practice.