instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: Event-related potentials (ERPs) are sensitive measures of both perceptual and cognitive processes. The aim of the present study was to identify brain regions involved in the processes of cognitive dysfunction in narcolepsy by means of ERP tomography.', 'In 17 drug-free patients with narcolepsy and 17 controls, ERPs were recorded (auditory odd-ball paradigm). Latencies, amplitudes and LORETA sources were determined for standard (N1 and P2) and target (N2 and P300) ERP components. Psychometry included measures of mental performance, affect and critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF).', 'In the ERPs patients demonstrated delayed cognitive N2 and P300 components and reduced amplitudes in midline regions, while N1 and P2 components did not differ from controls. LORETA suggested reduced P300 sources bilaterally in the precuneus, the anterior and posterior cingulate gyri, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus. In psychometry, patients demonstrated deteriorated mood, increased trait anxiety, decreased CFF and a trend toward reduced general verbal memory and psychomotor activity.
Answer: Narcoleptic patients showed prolonged information processing, as indexed by N2 and P300 latencies and decreased energetic resources for cognitive processing.
answer:
Does event-related-potential low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography ( ERP-LORETA ) suggest decreased energetic resources for cognitive processing in narcolepsy?


question:
Context: Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is a curative treatment for patients with atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the effects of adenosine administration on the PV activity and atrio-venous conduction after PV isolation.', 'Twenty-nine patients (21 m; age: 55+/-8 years) were submitted to ostial PV isolation guided by basket catheter recordings. After successful isolation, the effects of a 12 mg intravenous bolus of adenosine were tested in 62 PVs. In 22/62 PVs (35%), left atrium (LA)-to-PV conduction was transiently (16.6+/-7.1 s, range: 3.8-27.9 s) or permanently (3 PVs) restored in response to adenosine administration. The prevalence of this phenomenon was 39% in left superior PVs, 43% in right superior PVs, and 22% in left inferior PVs (p=0.365). It occurred more frequently in the presence of dissociated PV activity (11/15 PVs, 73% vs. 11/47 PVs, 23%; p=0.002), whereas it was not influenced by the median duration of the radiofrequency current (RFC) delivery for each PV [19 (IQR: 12-26) min vs. 16 (IQR: 11-24) min: p=0.636]. A lengthening or shortening of the LA-PV conduction time was observed at LA-PV conduction appearance and disappearance in 36% and 55% of the cases, respectively. Further RFC applications (median: 5.5 min, IQR: 4-11 min) at the residual conduction breakthrough(s) indicated by the basket catheter recordings definitively eliminated adenosine-induced recovery of LA-PV conduction in all cases. Finally, when present, intrinsic PV discharge was invariably depressed by adenosine administration.
Answer: Adenosine may transiently or permanently re-establish LA-PV conduction after apparently successful PV isolation. This phenomenon is abolished by additional RFC delivery. However, its possible influence on the clinical results of PV ablation must be evaluated by properly designed, randomized studies.
answer:
Does adenosine restore atrio-venous conduction after apparently successful ostial isolation of the pulmonary veins?


question:
Context: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic effect of serum free light chain (sFLC) response after 2 cycles of first-line chemotherapy (CT) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.', 'The data of 78 newly diagnosed MM patients who had sFLC levels at diagnosis and after 2 cycles of first-line CT were included in the study. The prognostic effect of sFLCs were evaluated with normalization of sFLC κ/λ ratio after 2 cycles of CT and involved/uninvolved (i/u) sFLCs.', 'At the end of follow-up the probability of overall survival (OS) was 95.7% versus 68.5% in patients with and without normalized sFLC κ/λ ratio, respectively (P = .072). The probability of OS with i/u sFLC assessment was 97.4% versus 55.8% with regard to i/u sFLC ≤ 10 and > 10, respectively (P = .001). In univariate and multivariate analysis including sFLC ratio, age, sex, and International Staging System, i/u sFLC ratio > 10 after 2 cycles of CT was identified as an independent risk factor for OS (P = .015; hazard ratio [HR], 13.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.668-104.65 vs. P = .011; HR, 15.17; 95% CI, 1.85-123.89).
Answer: Early response assessment in terms of sFLC after 2 courses of induction CT seems to have a prognostic effect in MM patients. The methodology and timing of the evaluation based on sFLCs needs to be validated in prospective studies.
answer:

Does serum free light chain response after 2 courses of induction chemotherapy predict prognosis in myeloma patients?