In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[Q]: In this work, a definition of justice as "what is good for the stronger" is given by Thrasymachus. In this work, a story about the killer of King Candaules of Lydia is used to describe how people are just out of necessity. That story in this work tells of the [*] "Ring of Gyges." This work describes chained prisoners who watch shadows pass before them. This work combines ideas about the "divided line" and the sun into its "Allegory of the Cave." For 10 points, name this work that proposes a government ruled by philosopher kings, a dialogue on government by Plato.
[A]: Literature


[Q]: Notable translators of it include Alexander Heidel, who rendered all the dirty passages into Latin, and John Gardner. The characters include Siduri "whose drinks refresh the soul" and Ninsun the title character's mother, who interprets many of this dreams. Often known by its first line "He who saw everything," in the latter part of the work the hero encounters talking scorpions who allow him to ascend Mount Mashu and a snake who steals the plant of eternal life which Utnapishtam had told him of. Earlier the hero slew Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven with his friend Enkidu. For 10 points - identify this Babylonian poem about a king of Uruk.
[A]: Social Science


[Q]: One work by this composer includes five different settings of the hymn "O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden". Four individual compositions by him were compiled into the P180 manuscript, which is a copy of a piece that includes a chorus derived from his "Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen". In one work by him, the chorus divides antiphonally and asks "Whom" and "How" in response to the command "See Him". One work by him includes violin obliggato in D major accompanying a duet for two sopranos in its second movement "Christe eleison" and also includes a symmetrical "Symbolum nicenum" with a crucifixion in the center. One work by this composer opens with "Kommt, ihr Tochter, helft mir klagen" and features a "halo" effect in the strings whenever Jesus sings. For 10 points, name this German Baroque composer of Mass in B minor and the St. Matthew Passion.
[A]:
Fine Arts