instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the implementation of evidence-based guidelines and subsequent feedback to surgeons in the management of acute pancreatitis.', 'An evidence-based Pancreatitis Proforma was developed. Data were prospectively recorded (01/06/2005-30/09/2007). Audit feedback (AFB) was performed at 9 months. A final analysis was performed comparing outcomes pre- and post-audit feedback.', '372 patients were included. Median age (range) was 57 (12-96) years. 168 (45.2%) patients were admitted pre-AFB. Post-AFB, there was a significant increase in the number of patients whose diagnosis was made within 48 hours (135/168 (80.4%) vs 189/204 (92.6%), p<0.001) and who underwent definitive treatment for mild biliary pancreatitis (33/61 (54.1%) vs 56/70 (80.0%), p=0.002). Post-AFB there was also a significant reduction in the number of computed tomography (CT) scans performed for patients with mild acute pancreatitis (23/85 (27.1%) vs 13/99 (13.1%), p=0.018). Mortality (9/168 (5.4%) vs 3/204 (1.4%), p=0.040) also decreased. On multivariate analysis, AFB was an independent factor for change in the use of CT scans (p=0.015) and management of patients with mild biliary pancreatitis (p=0.039).
answer:
Is closing the audit loop necessary to achieve compliance with evidence-based guidelines in the management of acute pancreatitis?


question:
Anxiety and depression frequently co-occur in the elderly and in patients with dementia. Prior research has shown that depression is related to the risk of dementia, but the effect of anxiety on dementia remains unclear. We studied whether anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders are associated with the risk of dementia and cognition.', 'We studied 2,708 nondemented participants from the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study who underwent the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (sample I, baseline 1993-1995) and 3,069 nondemented participants who underwent screening for anxiety disorders (sample II, baseline 2002-2004). In 1993-1995, anxiety symptoms were assessed using the HADS. In 2002-2004, anxiety disorders were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. In both study samples, participants were continuously monitored for dementia until January 1, 2011. Cognition was tested in 2002-2004 and at a follow-up visit in 2009-2011 in sample II only.', 'In sample I, 358 persons developed dementia, and in sample II, 248 persons developed dementia. We did not find an association with the risk of dementia for anxiety symptoms (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.77-1.43, Wald statistic 0.08, p\xa0= 0.77, df\xa0= 1) or for anxiety disorders (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval: 0.58-1.45, Wald statistic 0.14, p\xa0= 0.71, df\xa0= 1). We could demonstrate an association of anxiety disorders with poor cognition cross-sectionally, but this attenuated after additional adjustments.
answer:
Is anxiety associated with the risk of dementia or cognitive decline : the Rotterdam Study?


question:
Hemodynamic forces affect smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of oscillatory shear stress (SS) on SMC proliferation and signal transduction pathways that control survival are not well described.', 'Bovine aortic SMC were exposed to arterial levels of oscillatory SS (14 dyne/cm(2)) with an orbital shaker; control cells were exposed to static conditions (0 dyne/cm(2)). Cell number and (3)[H]thymidine incorporation were measured after 1, 3, or 5 days of SS. Activation of the Akt pathway was assessed with the Western blot technique. Specificity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway was determined with the Western blot technique with the inhibitors LY294002 (10 micromol/L) or wortmannin (25 nmol/L).', 'Arterial levels of oscillatory SS increased SMC cell number by 20.1 +/- 3.7% and (3)[H]thymidine incorporation by 33.4% +/- 6.8% at 5 days. To identify whether SS increased activity of the SMC survival pathway, Akt activation was measured. SMC exposed to SS demonstrated increased Akt phosphorylation compared with control cells, with maximal phosphorylation at 60 minutes. Both PI3K inhibitors specifically inhibited the increase in Akt phosphorylation in SMC exposed to oscillatory SS.
answer:

Does oscillatory shear stress increase smooth muscle cell proliferation and Akt phosphorylation?