Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
--------
Question: Context: Endurance exercise demonstrates beneficial effects in polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM); however, the molecular effects of exercise on skeletal muscle are incompletely understood. We undertook this controlled pilot study to investigate the effects of a 12-week endurance exercise training program on the molecular profile of skeletal muscle in patients with established PM/DM compared to a nonexercised control group of patients with established PM/DM.', 'Fifteen patients (7 in the exercise group and 8 in the control group) with paired baseline and 12-week follow-up muscle biopsy samples were included. Messenger RNA expression profiling, mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on muscle biopsy samples to determine molecular adaptations associated with changes in clinical measurements induced by endurance exercise.', 'Compared to the control group, the exercise group improved in minutes of cycling time (P\u2009<\u20090.01) and Vo2 max (P\u2009<\u20090.05). The exercise group also had reduced disease activity (P\u2009<\u20090.05) and reduced lactate levels at exhaustion (P\u2009<\u20090.05). Genes related to capillary growth, mitochondrial biogenesis, protein synthesis, cytoskeletal remodeling, and muscle hypertrophy were up-regulated in the exercise group, while genes related to inflammation/immune response and endoplasmic reticulum stress were down-regulated. Mitochondrial pathways including the oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway were most affected by the endurance exercise, as demonstrated by proteomics analysis. The exercise group also showed a higher number of capillaries per mm(2) in follow-up biopsy samples (P\u2009<\u20090.05).
Answer: Our data indicate that endurance exercise in patients with established PM and DM may activate an aerobic phenotype and promote muscle growth and simultaneously suppress the inflammatory response in these patients' muscles, as supported by a combination of data on gene expression, proteomics, and capillary density in repeated muscle biopsies.

Answer: Does endurance Exercise improve Molecular Pathways of Aerobic Metabolism in Patients With Myositis?


Question: Context: Environmental conditions (eg, latitude) play a critical role in the susceptibility and severity of many autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of immune regulatory processes induced in the skin by moderate ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity.', 'Effects of UVB light were analyzed in a murine model of CNS autoimmunity (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis). Additionally, patients with relapsing-remitting MS were treated with narrowband UVB phototherapy. Immunomodulatory effects were examined in skin biopsies, serum samples, and immune cells of the peripheral blood.', 'Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are induced locally in the skin-draining lymph nodes in response to UVB exposure, connect the cutaneous immune response to CNS immunity by migration to the sites of inflammation (blood, spleen, CNS). Here, they attenuate the inflammatory response and ameliorate disease symptoms. Treg-inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) were further necessary for induction of this systemic immune regulation by UVB radiation, because ablation of Langerhans cells abolished the UVB-induced phenotype. MS patients treated with UVB phototherapy showed an increase in induced Tregs and tolerogenic DCs accompanied by the downregulation of the T-cell effector cytokine interleukin 21. The treatment further induced elevated serum levels of vitamin D.
Answer: Local UVB radiation of the skin influences systemic immune reactions and attenuates systemic autoimmunity via the induction of skin-derived tolerogenic DCs and Tregs. Our data could have implications for the understanding or therapeutic modulation of environmental factors that influence immune tolerance.

Answer: Does ultraviolet B light attenuate the systemic immune response in central nervous system autoimmunity?


Question: Context: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common, normal pathogenic flora that colonizes mucosal tissues. We previously reported that glomerulonephritis occurs during methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection, and demonstrated polyclonal elevation of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG levels and various histological findings, such as mesangial extracapillary and endocapillary proliferation. To investigate the pathogenic roles of S. aureus antigens, we induced IgA-type glomerulonephritis in mice by immunization with antigens derived from S. aureus, as a model of human IgA nephropathy (IgAN).', "Balb/c mice (Th2 dominant type) and C57BL/6 mice (Th1 dominant type) were immunized biweekly for 4 months with antigens derived from S. aureus mixed with Freund's incomplete adjuvant.", 'Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with IgA, IgG and complement 3 (C3) depositions were observed in all Balb/c mice. Although C3 depositions and cell proliferation in the mesangial area were also seen in C57BL/6 mice, they were not correlated with urinary findings. In Balb/c mice, S. aureus antigens were detected in glomeruli using affinity-purified human anti-S. aureus antibodies, but there was no staining in C57BL/6 mice. The antibodies reacted with several S. aureus antigens, based on Western blot analysis, and the main 30-35 kDa band differed in intensity in Balb/c and C57BL/6 mice. In addition, increased transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was seen in Balb/c mice compared to C57BL/6 mice.
Answer: S. aureus antigens including, in particular, a 30-35 kDa protein and the host genetic background could play important roles in IgA-like glomerulonephritis pathogenesis.

Answer:
Do staphylococcus aureus antigens induce IgA-type glomerulonephritis in Balb/c mice?