In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
--------
Question: Determining the fitness of viral genotypes has become a standard practice in virology as it is essential to evaluate their evolutionary potential. Darwinian fitness, defined as the advantage of a given genotype with respect to a reference one, is a complex property that captures, in a single figure, differences in performance at every stage of viral infection. To what extent does viral fitness result from specific molecular interactions with host factors and regulatory networks during infection? Can we identify host genes in functional classes whose expression depends on viral fitness? Here, we compared the transcriptomes of tobacco plants infected with seven genotypes of tobacco etch potyvirus that differ in fitness. We found that the larger the fitness differences among genotypes, the more dissimilar the transcriptomic profiles are. Consistently, two different mutations, one in the viral RNA polymerase and another in the viral suppressor of RNA silencing, resulted in significantly similar gene expression profiles. Moreover, we identified host genes whose expression showed a significant correlation, positive or negative, with the virus' fitness. Differentially expressed genes which were positively correlated with viral fitness activate hormone-and RNA silencing-mediated pathways of plant defense. In contrast, those that were negatively correlated with fitness affect metabolism, reducing growth, and development. Overall, these results reveal the high information content of viral fitness and suggest its potential use to predict differences in genomic profiles of infected hosts.

Answer: Viral Fitness Correlates with the Magnitude and Direction of the Perturbation Induced in the Host's Transcriptome: The Tobacco Etch Potyvirus-Tobacco Case Study


Question: KEYWORDS Travel health Travel abroad Pretravel Assessment Posttravel Assessment Primary care providers manage the majority of travel medical care. The purpose of the pretravel visit are risk assessment and mitigation. Encourage travelers to enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program for travel advisories. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention travel website offers destination-specific, point-of-care resources for clinicians and travelers. Travelers who are visiting friends and relatives are a high-risk group. The most common syndromes in returning travelers are gastrointestinal, febrile, and dermatologic. Prim Care Clin Office Pract 45 (2018) 541-554

Answer: Health Guidelines for Travel Abroad


Question: MBP-tagged TRIM25 protein was expressed in E.coli Rosetta 2 (DE3) TM cells (Millipore). Transformed cells were grown in LB broth containing 0.2% glucose at 37 °C. Then, 0.2 mM IPTG was added and the cells were incubated under shaking conditions for 18 h at 25 °C, after which the cells were harvested by centrifugation. The pellet was resuspended in T1 buffer (20 mM Tris/Cl(pH 7.4), 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM sodium azide, and 1 mM DTT) and sonicated. After centrifugation, the supernatant was loaded onto a DEAE ion-exchange column (GE healthcare) and the flow throw was collected. Next, the pooled sample was applied to amylose resin (NEB). The column was washed with T2 buffer (T1 buffer + 200 mM NaCl) and eluted with T3 buffer (T2 buffer + 10 mM maltose). The purity of the proteins was analyzed by 10% SDS-PAGE. The final yield of MBP-TRIM25 was determined by the Bradford assay with BSA as the standard and the samples were stored at �80 °C. His-tagged RIG-I was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. The transformed cells were grown in LB broth at 37 °C and then further incubated at 4 °C for 3 h. Subsequently, 0.25 mM IPTG was added and the cells were incubated under shaking conditions for 18 h at 25 °C, after which the cells were harvested by centrifugation. The pellet was resuspended in R1 buffer (50 mM HEPES; pH 7.4, 10% glycerol, 500 mM NaCl, 0.2% NP-40, 10 mM imidazole, 1 mM PMSF, 0.5 mg/ml lysozyme, and protease inhibitor cocktail) and sonicated. After centrifugation, the supernatant was applied to a Ni-NTA chelating agarose (Incospham). The column was washed with R2 buffer (50 mM HEPES; pH 7.4, 10% glycerol, 500 mM NaCl, 0.2% NP-40, and 50 mM imidazole) and the His-tagged RIG-I was eluted by increasing the imidazole concentration. The purest fractions were applied to a heparin-Sepharose column (GE healthcare), and the resin was washed with R3 buffer (50 mM Tris/Cl(pH 7.4), 10% glycerol, 0.2% NP-40, and 20 mM NaCl) and eluted with increasing concentrations of NaCl (up to 500 mM). The final yield of His-RIG-I was determined by the Bradford assay (Bio-Rad) with BSA as the standard. RNA Aptamers Specific to NS1 Protein of Influenza Virus Hye-Min Woo et al.

Answer:
Molecules and Cells Supplementary Materials