In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

[EX Q]: The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) project is the largest multicountry etiology study of childhood pneumonia since the Board on Science and Technology in International Development studies of the 1980s. However, it is not the only recent or ongoing pneumonia etiology study, and even with seven sites, it cannot capture all epidemiologic settings in the developing world. Funding providers, researchers and policymakers rely on the best available evidence to strategically plan programs, new research directions and interventions. We aimed to describe the current landscape of recent pneumonia etiology studies in children under 5 years of age in the developed and developing world, as ascertained by a literature review of relevant studies with data since the year 2000 and a survey of researchers in the field of childhood pneumonia. We collected information on the study population, study design, case definitions, laboratory samples and methods and identified pathogens. A literature review identified 88 studies with child pneumonia etiology results. As of June 2010, our survey of researchers identified an additional 65 ongoing and recently completed child pneumonia etiology studies. This demonstrates the broad existing context into which the PERCH study must be placed. However, the landscape analysis also reveals a multiplicity of case definitions, levels of clinician involvement, facility types, specimen collection, and laboratory techniques. It reinforces the need for the standardization of methods and analyses for present and future pneumonia etiology studies in order to optimize their cumulative potential to accurately describe the microbial causes of childhood pneumonia. Each year, approximately 1.6 million children die from pneumonia [1]. The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) study is the largest multisite study of childhood pneumonia since the Board of Science and Technology for International Development (BOSTID) studies were done in the 1980s [2] . The goal of PERCH is to identify the expected etiologies of pneumonia in 2015, a time when the burden of the major causes of bacterial pneumonia in the developing world, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), will likely be significantly reduced by widespread introduction and use of conjugate vaccines. Moreover, PERCH capitalizes upon new molecular diagnostic techniques that were not available 2 decades ago when the BOSTID studies were carried out. Another salient difference between PERCH and the BOSTID studies is that the 7 sites participating in PERCH will follow a highly standardized protocol, which includes standardization of enrollment criteria, specimen collection, and laboratory testing. Although PERCH is the largest multicountry, childhood pneumonia etiology study in developing countries that has been conducted in the past 2 decades, it is not the only contemporary pneumonia etiology study, and cannot capture the entire complexity of all epidemiologic settings. In recent years, many developed and developing country sites have initiated pneumonia studies that provide etiology data. These studies will
[EX A]: A Literature Review and Survey of Childhood Pneumonia Etiology Studies: 2000-2010

[EX Q]: Sixteen longSAGE libraries from four different clinical stages of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia have enabled us to identify novel cell-surface biomarkers indicative of CIN stage. By comparing gene expression profi les of cervical tissue at early and advanced stages of CIN, several genes are identifi ed to be novel genetic markers. We present fi fty-six cell-surface gene products differentially expressed during progression of CIN. These cell surface proteins are being examined to establish their capacity for optical contrast agent binding. Contrast agent visualization will allow real-time assessment of the physiological state of the disease process bringing vast benefi t to cancer care. The data discussed in this publication have been submitted to NCBIs Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) and are accessible through GEO Series accession number GSE6252.
[EX A]: Using LongSAGE to Detect Biomarkers of Cervical Cancer Potentially Amenable to Optical Contrast Agent Labelling

[EX Q]: We report the first case of transmission of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus to a physician during the resuscitation of an infant with fatal pneumonia. The physician exhibited numerous furuncles. This case highlights the necessity for health care workers to protect themselves against transmission of infectious diseases from patient to care giver. Severe respiratory diseases, in immunocompetent infants, and chronic furunculosis have been associated with Staphylococcus aureus strains producing Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a cytotoxin that causes leukocyte destruction and tissue necrosis [1] . PVL-producing S. aureus is known to cause rapidly extensive and necrotizing pneumonia in children and young adults. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of transmission of PVL-producing S. aureus to a physician during the resuscitation of an infant with fatal pneumonia. Case report. A 4-month-old boy was admitted to the pediatric ward of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul hospital (Paris) with a history of 3 days of cough and 1 day of moderate fever. Physical examination revealed only mild respiratory distress. Findings on a chest radiogram were normal, as were the WBC count and the C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels. Bronchiolitis was diagnosed, and the patient did not receive antibiotics. Progressive respiratory failure developed during the 12 h after admission, and the patient required nasal oxygenation. While a physical examination was being performed by a physician, the patient experienced cardiac arrest. Resuscitation measures, including oral intubation, oxygenation, bag-valve-mask ventilation, chest compression, and intravenous administration of adrenaline, were immediately performed and were continued for 1 h, without success. It was notable that blood flow from the trachea was observed during intubation. Repeated oral and tracheal suction was performed. Because the resuscitation took place in the general pediatric ward, health care workers participating in the resuscitation did not wear any protection, such as a facial mask and gloves. A necropsy was performed, and the findings revealed right lobar pneumonia with a necrotizing hemorrhage of the entire right lung and one-half of the left lung. A culture specimen from tracheal aspirates grew methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. Identification of S. aureus was based on colony morphology, coagulation of citrated rabbit plasma (bioMérieux), and production of clumping factor (determined with the Staphyslide test; bioMérieux). The methicillin resistance was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method, with the use of a 5-mg oxacillin disk, in accordance with the NCCLS recommendations [2], after 24-48 h of incubation at 35ЊC. The S. aureus isolate was only resistant to penicillin and amoxicillin and was susceptible to methicillin, aminosides, macrolides, quinolones, and cotrimoxazole. On day 5, the physician who had performed intubation presented with numerous furuncles of the fingers and face. Samples were obtained from the skin lesions. At the same time, nasal samples were obtained from the 15 health care workers who had participated in the resuscitation. S. aureus strains susceptible to methicillin were isolated from samples from the physician and from 5 other health care workers. The isolate from the infant (S1, isolated from a tracheal sample) and 7 isolates from the 6 health care workers (S2, isolated from skin lesions of 1 physician; S4 and S5, from nasal and anal samples from another physician; and S3, S6, S7, and S8, from nasal samples from 4 nurses) were genotyped and analyzed for the presence of the PVL gene. PFGE, used for genotyping, was performed on DNA fragments obtained by digestion with the restriction enzyme SmaI by use of a CHEF-MAPPER apparatus. The PFGE banding patterns were compared visually. Strains were considered genetically distinguishable if their restriction patterns differed by у3 bands [3] . The isolates from the infant (S1) and from 1
[EX A]:
Transmission of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Producing Staphylococcus aureus to a Physician during Resuscitation of a Child