In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[Q]: "catalyst theory," allowing that result, is no longer available for that purpose, see farrar, ___ u.s. at ___, 113 s.ct. at 573-74, and cases such as bonnes v. long, 599 f.2d 1316 (4th cir. 1979), which applied that theory, are overruled.
[A]: overruling


[Q]: on appeal, mr. young asserts the district court erred by determining the minor victim, fh, was competent to testify.
[A]: non-overruling


[Q]: 2003), to the extent that it indicates that such a hearing is unnecessary.
[A]:
overruling