Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). OSA is prevalent in obese subjects and is associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disorders. We tested the hypothesis that the deleterious effects of IH could be further modulated by diet-induced obesity.', 'Thirty adult (8-10 weeks) male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups. Mice were subjected to CIH or intermittent air (IA) for 12h a day and fed either a high fat (HF) or a low fat control diet (CD) for 6weeks. We analyzed endothelial function using a wire myograph, and measured markers of oxidative stress (plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) using colorimetrical assays. We also measured C-reactive protein (CRP) using ELISA and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) gene expression using real time PCR.', 'Stimulated endothelial dependent dilation was significantly impaired only in the group fed high fat diet and subjected to CIH (Emax: HFIH 78±2%, p<0.0001) when compared to the other groups (Emax: HFIA 95±0.7%, CDIH 94±2%, CDIA 97±1%). Also basal endothelial dependant dilation was attenuated in the HFIH group compared to the HFIA group (Emax: HFIH: 179±10% vs. HFIA: 149±11% in the presence of L-NAME). Levels of MDA were elevated in the CDIH group when compared to CDIA (0.68±0.04 vs. 0.41±0.03 μM, p<0.05) but were greatest in the HFIH group (0.83±0.08 μM, p<0.05). However, there was no significant increase in MDA levels in the HFIA group (0.45±0.03 μM, p=NS) when compared to all other groups. Similar effects were observed with CRP levels; CRP levels were significantly higher in the CDIH group compared with intermittent air (10.39±0.38 vs. 8.70±0.21 μg/ml, p<0.05) but the HFIH had the greatest levels of CRP (11.87±0.31 μg/ml, p<0.05). In the HFIA group, CRP levels were not elevated (9.96±0.37 μg/ml, p=NS). Nevertheless, total antioxidant capacity and eNOS gene expression were not significantly different in the groups.
[A]: Does chronic intermittent hypoxia cause endothelial dysfunction in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity?


[Q]: The Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) is a brief 3-item stroke severity assessment measure designed for prehospital and Emergency Department use.', 'The LAMS and NIHSS were scored in under-12-hour acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients. Stroke severity ratings were correlated with cervicocerebral vascular occlusion on CTA, MRA, and catheter angiography. Receiver operating curves, c statistics, and likelihood ratios were used to evaluate the predictive value for vascular occlusion of stroke severity ratings.', 'Among 119 patients, mean age was 67 (+/-18), 45% were male. Time from onset to ED arrival was mean 190 minutes (range 10 to 660). Persisting large vessel occlusions (PLVOs) were present in 62% of patients. LAMS stroke severity scores were higher in patients harboring a vascular occlusion, median 5 (IQR 4 to 5) versus 2 (IQR 1 to 3). Similarly, NIHSS stroke severity scores were higher in PLVO patients, 19 (14 to 24) versus 5 (3 to 7). ROC curves demonstrated that the LAMS was highly effective in identifying patients with PLVOs, c statistic 0.854. At the optimal threshold of 4 or higher, LAMS scores showed sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.89, and overall accuracy 0.85. LAMS performance was comparable to NIHSS performance (c statistic 0.933). The positive likelihood ratio associated with a LAMS score > or = 4 was 7.36 and the negative likelihood ratio 0.21.
[A]: Does a brief prehospital stroke severity scale identify ischemic stroke patients harboring persisting large arterial occlusions?


[Q]: Extracellular histones exert part of their prothrombotic activity through the stimulation of blood cells. Besides platelets, histones can bind to red blood cells (RBCs), which are important contributors to thrombogenesis, but little is known about the functional consequences of this interaction.', 'To evaluate the effect of histones on the procoagulant potential of human RBCs with particular regard to the expression of surface phosphatidylserine (PS).', 'PS exposure on human RBCs treated with a natural mixture of histones or recombinant individual histones was evaluated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-annexin-V binding and measured with flow cytometry. Calcium influx in RBCs loaded with the calcium-sensitive fluorophore Fluo-4\xa0AM was assessed with flow cytometry. The procoagulant potential of histone-treated RBCs was evaluated with a purified prothrombinase assay and a one-stage plasma recalcification clotting test.', 'Natural histones induced PS exposure on RBCs in a dose-dependent manner, and neutralization or cleavage of histones by heparin or activated protein\xa0C, respectively, abolished PS externalization. H4 was mainly responsible for the stimulating activity of histones, whereas the other subtypes were almost ineffective. Similarly, natural histones and H4 induced influx of calcium into RBCs, whereas the other individual histones did not. Histone-induced exposure of PS on RBCs translated into increased prothrombinase complex-mediated prothrombin activation and accelerated fibrin formation in plasma.
[A]:
Do histones induce phosphatidylserine exposure and a procoagulant phenotype in human red blood cells?