TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: In topological insulators, one version of this effect gives rise to a defect-resistant current induced by spin-orbit coupling. In graphene, this effect is shifted by one half, giving rise to an anomalous minimum of the relevant quantity, which can allow for ballistic transport. A more complex version of it was discovered in gallium arsenide and can be explained by Laughlin quasiparticles; this is referred to as the fractional version. This effect can be understood in terms of partial filling of Landau levels and has characteristic "plateaus", and it yields numbers called filling factors. Discovered by Klaus von Klitzing when studying a two-dimensional electron gas, for 10 points, identify this effect in which conductivity in a strong magnetic field is quantized.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: of this author's poems imagines a "hundred negroes with a hundred lances" and a prince that draws near "with sword and goshawk," and begins by asking "Why from her lips are song and laughter dying" and "Why is the princess sighing" A different poem discusses "foam pregnant with salt and iodine" and a man who has seen "the forceful typhoons of Chinawhile drinking from his flask of gin. " In another work, this author writes "You join the cult of Hercules to the cult of Mammon, / and illuminating the road of easy conquest," concluding by saying "although you count on everything, you lack one thing: God! " This author of "Sonatina" and "Symphony in Gray Major" also wrote the lines "you are the future invader of the nave America that has Indian bloodyou are an Alexander-Nebuchadnezzar. " FTP, name this author of "To Roosevelt," Prosas Profanas, and Azul  a poet and diplomat from Nicaragua.

SOLUTION: Literature

PROBLEM: In a work by this author, Jopp humiliates Lucetta by reading her love letters to a crowd. In that novel, after he sells his wife Susan to the sailor Newson in a fit of drunkenness, the protagonist swears off drinking. In another novel, a note reading "Done because we are too menny" is left behind after Little Father Time commits suicide. In addition to creating Michael Henchard and (*) Jude Fawley, this author created a character who murders Alec and is executed after being caught with Angel Claire. For 10 points, name this author of The Mayor Of Casterbridge, Jude the Obscure, and Tess of the d'Urbervilles.

SOLUTION:
Literature