In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Ex Input:
Context: It is common in public health and epidemiology that the outcome of interest is counts of events occurrence. Analysing these data using classical linear models is mostly inappropriate, even after transformation of outcome variables due to overdispersion. Zero-adjusted mixture count models such as zero-inflated and hurdle count models are applied to count data when over-dispersion and excess zeros exist. Main objective of the current paper is to apply such models to analyse risk factors associated with human helminths (S. haematobium) particularly in a case where there's a high proportion of zero counts.", 'The data were collected during a community-based randomised control trial assessing the impact of mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel in Malawi, and a school-based cross sectional epidemiology survey in Zambia. Count data models including traditional (Poisson and negative binomial) models, zero modified models (zero inflated Poisson and zero inflated negative binomial) and hurdle models (Poisson logit hurdle and negative binomial logit hurdle) were fitted and compared.', 'Using Akaike information criteria (AIC), the negative binomial logit hurdle (NBLH) and zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB) showed best performance in both datasets. With regards to zero count capturing, these models performed better than other models.\Question: Do zero adjusted models with applications to analysing helminths count data?

Ex Output:
This paper showed that zero modified NBLH and ZINB models are more appropriate methods for the analysis of data with excess zeros. The choice between the hurdle and zero-inflated models should be based on the aim and endpoints of the study.


Ex Input:
Context: This study investigated whether deletion of the alpha1A-adrenoceptor gene influences contractile responses of mouse prostate to noradrenaline. Responses of mouse prostate to noradrenaline are known to be mediated by alpha1L-adrenoceptors, which are thought to be a functional phenotype of alpha1A-adrenoceptor.', 'Prostate tissues from alpha1A-adrenoceptor knockout mice which were homozygous (alpha1A -/-) and heterozygous (alpha1A +/-) for the disrupted alpha1A-adrenoceptor gene, as well as wild-type (alpha1A +/+) littermates were mounted in glass-isolated organ baths. Electrical field stimulation of nerves and exogenous application of noradrenaline were used to investigate the effects of alpha1A-adrenoceptor disruption on prostate contractility.', 'Frequency-response curves to electrical field stimulation (0.5 ms pulse duration, 60 V, 0.1-20 Hz) yielded frequency-dependent contractions. At frequencies of 10 and 20 Hz, prostates from alpha1A -/- mice elicited an approximately 30% decreased response compared with prostates from alpha(1A)+/+ mice. Prazosin (0.3 muM) attenuated responses to electrical field stimulation in prostates from alpha1A +/+ and alpha1A +/- mice but not from alpha1A -/- mice. Increasing concentrations of exogenously administered noradrenaline (10 nM-1 mM) produced mean concentration-response curves in prostates from alpha1A +/+ and alpha1A +/- mice, which were not different. Maximum responses to noradrenaline were decreased by approximately 80% in prostates from alpha1A -/- mice compared with alpha1A +/+ mice. Prazosin attenuated responses to noradrenaline in all genotypes.\Question: Is the alpha1A-adrenoceptor gene required for the alpha1L-adrenoceptor-mediated response in isolated preparations of the mouse prostate?

Ex Output:
alpha1L-Adrenoceptor-mediated responses in mouse prostate are abolished in alpha1A -/- mice, demonstrating that the alpha1A-adrenoceptor gene is essential to the manifestation of the prostatic alpha1L-adrenoceptor phenotype. This implies that alpha1L-adrenoceptors are indeed a functional phenotype of alpha1A-adrenoceptor.


Ex Input:
Context: Falls from heights are the most common traumatic event associated with emergency department visits in children. This study investigated the incidence and clinical course of cranial neuropathies caused by falls from heights in children.', 'The computerized records of a tertiary pediatric medical center were searched for all patients admitted to the emergency department in 2004-2014 with a head injury caused by falling from a height. Those with cranial neuropathies involving optic and eye-motility disturbances were identified, and their clinical, imaging, and outcome data were evaluated.', 'Of the estimated 61,968 patients who presented to the emergency department during the study period because of a fall, 18,758 (30.3\xa0%) had head trauma. Only 12 (seven boys, five girls, average age 6.7\xa0years) had a visual disturbance. Eight were diagnosed with traumatic optic neuropathy, one after a 6-month delay, including two with accompanying cranial nerve (CN) III injuries. Five patients had anisocoria or an abnormal pupillary response to light at presentation, one patient had CN VI paralysis and temporary vision loss, and one patient had an isolated CN III injury diagnosed on follow-up. Visual improvement varied among the patients.\Question: Does severe cranial neuropathies caused by fall from heights in children?

Ex Output:

Cranial neuropathies due to falls from heights are rare in children and are associated with high visual morbidity. Vision or ocular motility impairment, especially monocular vision loss, may be missed during acute intake to the emergency department, and a high index of suspicion is needed. Assessment of the pupillary response to light is essential.