In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question separated with a 
. You have to answer the question based on the context.

Ex Input:
Since our methodology does not use a seed list of offensive words, it is not biased by topic, target, or dialect. Using our methodology, we tagged 10,000 Arabic tweet dataset for offensiveness, where offensive tweets account for roughly 19% of the tweets. Further, we labeled tweets as vulgar or hate speech. To date, this is the largest available dataset, which we plan to make publicly available along with annotation guidelines. We use this dataset to characterize Arabic offensive language to ascertain the topics, dialects, and users' gender that are most associated with the use of offensive language.  
 Question: In what way is the offensive dataset not biased by topic, dialect or target?

Ex Output:
It does not use a seed list to gather tweets so the dataset does not skew to specific topics, dialect, targets.


Ex Input:
In our experiments, we used WordNet 3.0 BIBREF9 as our external knowledge base INLINEFORM0 . For word embeddings, we experimented with two popular models: (1) GloVe embeddings trained by BIBREF10 on Wikipedia and Gigaword 5 (vocab: 400K, dim: 300), and (2) w2v-gn, Word2vec BIBREF5 trained on the Google News dataset (vocab: 3M, dim: 300). Our coverage enhancement starts by transforming the knowledge base INLINEFORM0 into a vector space representation that is comparable to that of the corpus-based space INLINEFORM1 . To this end, we use two techniques for learning low-dimensional feature spaces from knowledge graphs: DeepWalk and node2vec. DeepWalk uses a stream of short random walks in order to extract local information for a node from the graph. By treating these walks as short sentences and phrases in a special language, the approach learns latent representations for each node. Similarly, node2vec learns a mapping of nodes to continuous vectors that maximizes the likelihood of preserving network neighborhoods of nodes. Thanks to a flexible objective that is not tied to a particular sampling strategy, node2vec reports improvements over DeepWalk on multiple classification and link prediction datasets. For both these systems we used the default parameters and set the dimensionality of output representation to 100. Also, note than nodes in the semantic graph of WordNet represent synsets. Hence, a polysemous word would correspond to multiple nodes. In our experiments, we use the MaxSim assumption of BIBREF11 in order to map words to synsets. 
 Question: What other embedding models are tested?

Ex Output:
GloVe embeddings trained by BIBREF10 on Wikipedia and Gigaword 5 (vocab: 400K, dim: 300) w2v-gn, Word2vec BIBREF5 trained on the Google News dataset (vocab: 3M, dim: 300) DeepWalk  node2vec


Ex Input:
Although such an approach has been used in different studies during feature engineering, the selection of word vectors and the number of clusters remain a trial-end-error procedure.  
 Question: Which other hyperparameters, other than number of clusters are typically evaluated in this type of research?

Ex Output:

selection of word vectors