In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

This man was the subject of a 1949 Henry Cowell opera designed as a satire against Dwight Eisenhower. He died in exile after a conservative coup led by his successor, Ramn Freire. When his father became viceroy of Peru, he was sent to London, where he met Francisco de Miranda and joined the independentist Lautaro Lodge. He began his public life as a deputy to the Cabildo from La Laja. His cavalry charge at the battle of Chacabuco allowed him to enter Santiago in triumph along with Jose de San Martin in March 1818. FTP, name this descendant of Irish officers in Spanish service, the first ruler of an independent Chile.
History

This work premiered as part of a charity concert series and was troubled by last-minute rearrangements and other production difficulties. After various demands from Jonathan Swift, the dean of St. Patricks Cathedral, the work was finally allowed to premiere on April 13, 1741 in Dublin. The work is divided into three parts, all dealing with different aspects of the life of what the composer considered the title entity. Famous arias from the work include I know that my Redeemer liveth, and Every Valley shall be exalted. The finale chorus of the work is borrowed from Revelation, while a good deal of the remaining libretto is taken from the Old Testament. FTP, name this oratorio by George Frederic Handel, most famous for the chorus Hallelujah.
Fine Arts

During this conflict, Danish and Frisian troops helped Sancho I capture Alvor, and Iconium was taken by a force that had earlier captured Adrianople; however, the momentum of the latter force was lost when its leader died near the Salif River. Another force had to detour to Cyprus in order to free Berengaria, the fiancee of one of its leaders. Finally united at (*) Acre, the attacking forces won the city and then fought a pitched battle at Arsuf. It failed to take Jerusalem, and in 1192 Saladin agreed to allow pilgrims access to the city, thus ending the conflict. For 10 points, name this crusade which saw the peacemaking efforts of Philip II, the death of Frederick Barbarossa, and the quick return to England by Richard the Lion-Hearted.

History