Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Surgical site infections (SSIs) after colectomy for colon cancer (CC), Crohn's disease (CD), and diverticulitis (DD) significantly impact both the immediate postoperative course and long-term disease-specific outcomes. We aim to profile the effect of diagnosis on SSI after segmental colectomy using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data set.", "NSQIP data from 2006 to 2011 were investigated, and segmental colectomy procedures performed for the diagnoses of Crohn's disease, DD, and colon malignancy were included. SSI complications were compared by diagnosis using univariate and multivariate analysis.", 'We included 35,557 colectomy cases in the analysis. CD had the highest rate of postoperative SSI (17 vs. 13% DD vs. 10% CC; p\u2009<\u20090.001). Using CC as the comparison group and controlling for multiple variables, the multivariate analysis showed that the CD group had an increased risk for acquiring at least one SSI (odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20091.38, p\u2009≤\u20090.001), deep incisional SSI (OR\u2009=\u20091.85, p\u2009=\u20090.03), and organ space SSI (OR\u2009=\u20091.51, p\u2009=\u20090.02).

Output: Is crohn 's disease but not diverticulitis an independent risk factor for surgical site infections in colectomy?


Input: Consider Input: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a benign disorder with a variable clinical course that often leads to hospitalization. The aim of this study was to assess and validate the relationship between the serum cystatin C level and symptom duration in infants with TTN.', 'Forty newborns presenting with TTN and who had undergone serum cystatin C (Cys C) tests on the first day of admission to the Kyung Hee University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) from 2009 to 2013 were included. The serum Cys C level, creatinine (Cr) level, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and tachypnea duration were correlated retrospectively.', 'The median gestation period was 37.8\xa0±\xa03.8 weeks and the mean birth weight was 3.2\xa0±\xa00.4\xa0kg. Tachypnea duration was 3.3\xa0±\xa02.0 days. Serum Cys C and Cr levels were 1.7\xa0±\xa00.2\xa0mg/L and 0.8\xa0±\xa01.2\xa0mg/dL, respectively. Tachypnea duration was significantly positively correlated with the serum levels of Cys C and significantly negatively correlated with Cys C-based eGFR (p\xa0=\xa00.016), but was not significantly correlated with the serum Cr level or Cr-based eGFR. When tachypnea duration was compared between infants with Cys C level <1.6\xa0mg/L (n\xa0=\xa015; Group A) and infants with Cys C level\xa0≥\xa01.6\xa0mg/L (n\xa0=\xa025; Group B), the symptom duration was significantly shorter in Group A infants (p\xa0=\xa00.011).

Output: Does decreased Cystatin C-Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate be Correlated with Prolonged Hospital Stay in Transient Tachypnea of Newborn Infants?


Input: Consider Input: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C, and their combination in predicting the duration and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery in adults.', 'Using data from a prospective observational study of 100 adult cardiac surgical patients, we correlated early postoperative concentrations of plasma NGAL and serum cystatin C with the duration (time during which AKI persisted according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria) and severity of AKI (change in serum creatinine) and with length of stay in intensive care.', 'We found a mean AKI duration of 67.2 +/- 41.0 hours which was associated with prolonged hospitalization (p < 0.001). NGAL, cystatin C, and their combination on arrival in intensive care correlated with subsequent AKI duration (all p < 0.01) and severity (all p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AKI prediction was 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.63 to 0.91) for NGAL and 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.61 to 0.91) for cystatin C on arrival in intensive care. Both markers also correlated with length of stay in intensive care (p = 0.037; p = 0.001). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C were independent predictors of AKI duration and severity and of length of stay in intensive care (all p < 0.05). The value of cystatin C on arrival in intensive care appeared to be due to a carry-over effect from preoperative values.


Output: Do novel biomarkers early predict the severity of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in adults?