In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Ex Input:
accordingly, we recognized in coopers & lybrand that ""[w]hatever similarities or differences there are between plaintiffs and defendants in this context involve questions of policy for congress.""

Ex Output:
non-overruling


Ex Input:
clark implicitly overrules our cases holding that harmless error analysis is inapplicable where the defendant contests intent.

Ex Output:
overruling


Ex Input:
to the extent that any of our cases hold that direct evidence is required to establish a mixed-motive case, they are no longer good law.

Ex Output:

overruling