Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Recently, there has been increasing concern about adverse health effects of exposure to desert dust events. However, the association between dust and the incidence of ischemic heart diseases is unknown. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether Asian dust (AD), a windblown sand dust originating from mineral soil in China and Mongolia, is associated with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).', 'We investigated the data regarding hospitalization because of AMI among 3068 consecutive patients from 4 AMI centers in Fukuoka, Japan, and data for AD from April 2003 to December 2010. We applied a time-stratified case-crossover design to examine the association between AD and the incidence of AMI. Using a conditional logistic regression analysis, we estimated the odds ratios of AMI associated with AD after controlling for ambient temperature and relative humidity. The occurrence of AD events 0 to 4 days before the day of admission was significantly associated with the incidence of AMI. In particular, the occurrence of AD 4 days before admission was significantly associated with the onset of AMI.

Output: Is desert dust a risk factor for the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Western Japan?


Input: Consider Input: Hypoxemia is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a major factor in patients' prognosis and quality of life. The response to exercise has been evaluated by various means but no standardization has been accepted.", 'To suggest a simple outpatient technique for evaluating the response of arterial oxygen saturation to exercise for use as a marker of disease severity.', 'Ninety-six patients with various degrees of COPD were divided into three groups: mild (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec > 65%), moderate (FEV1 between 50 and 65%), and severe (FEV1 < 50%). Using continuous oximeter recording we measured oxygen saturation during 15 steps of climbing, and quantified oxygen desaturation by measuring the "desaturation area," defined as the area under the curve of oxygen saturation from the beginning of exercise through the lowest desaturation point and until after recovery to the baseline level of oxygen percent saturation. Desaturation was correlated to spirometry, lung gas volumes, blood gas analysis, and 6 min walking distance.', 'A good correlation was found between severity of COPD and baseline SaO2, lowest SaO2, recovery time, and desaturation area. A negative correlation was found between desaturation area and FEV1 (r = -0.65), FEV1/forced vital capacity (r = -0.58), residual volume to total lung capacity (r = 0.52), and diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (r = -0.52). In stepwise multiple regression analysis only FEV1 correlated significantly to desaturation area. A good correlation was noted between 6 min walking distance and desaturation area with the 15 steps technique (r = 0.56).

Output: Do quantitative 15 steps exercise oximetry as a marker of disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?


Input: Consider Input: The importance of angiogenesis in melanoma has been controversial and is not homogeneous. Mast cell density (MCD) is highly correlated with the extent of both normal and pathological angiogenesis, such as that in chronic inflammatory diseases and tumours.', 'We evaluated the prognostic significance of tumour microvascular density (MVD) and MCD in 25 advanced melanoma patients after resection and a 4-5-year follow up: 48% of the patients were alive and free of metastases (good prognostic subgroup); 16% had developed regional nodal metastases (intermediate prognostic subgroup); and 36% had died (poor prognostic subgroup). Tissues samples were investigated immunohistochemically to count microvessels and mast cells with an antifactor VIII and an antitryptase antibody, respectively.', 'Immunohistological staining showed a higher number of microvessels and mast cells in melanoma lesions of poor prognosis as compared with intermediate prognosis and with good prognosis, respectively.


Output: Do tumor vascularity and tryptase-positive mast cells correlate with a poor prognosis in melanoma?