In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[Q]: Context: Total blood homocysteine (Hcys) and folate levels have been investigated in association with cognitive dysfunction in healthy but not in multimorbid elderly patients. We hypothesized that total serum Hcys is an adequate marker to identify multimorbid elderly patients with cognitive dysfunction assessed by the Short Cognitive Performance Test (SKT) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).', 'Cross-sectional study.', 'The study center was an acute geriatric hospital.', 'A total of 189 multimorbid elderly patients were recruited.', 'Cognitive dysfunction was determined according to the SKT and MMSE. Biochemical parameters (Hcys, folate, vitamin B12, hemoglobin), nutritional status (BMI, Mini Nutritional Assessment, nutritional intake), and activities of daily living were assessed.', 'According to the SKT, 25.4% of patients showed no cerebral cognitive dysfunction, 21.2% had suspected incipient cognitive dysfunction, 12.7% showed mild cognitive dysfunction, 9.0% had moderate cognitive dysfunction, and 31.7% of patients were demented. The median plasma Hcys value was elevated by approximately 20% in multimorbid elderly patients, independent of cognitive dysfunction. Serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were within normal ranges. We did not find significant differences in nutritional status, activities of daily living, numbers of diseases or medications, or selected biochemical parameters between the SKT groups.\Question: Do total serum homocysteine levels identify cognitive dysfunction in multimorbid elderly patients?
[A]: Elevated serum Hcys levels with normal plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were observed in multimorbid elderly patients. The plasma Hcys level did not appear to be an important biological risk factor for cognitive dysfunction in multimorbid geriatric patients.


[Q]: Context: In humans, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is the most common cause of medication-induced osteoporosis. Recent clinical data suggest that glucocorticoid therapy increases the risk of vertebral fractures within a short treatment period. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating vertebral bone in a rat model of glucocorticoid-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis.', 'Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: 1) untreated controls, 2) Sham-operated group, and 3) ovariectomized rats treated with glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) for 3 months (3M) after recovery from bilateral ovariectomy. Osteoporotic bone status was determined by means of the gold standard dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Vertebral bodies were examined using µCT, histological analysis, mRNA expression analysis, and biomechanical compression testing. Further systemic effects were studied biochemically using serum marker analysis.', 'Dexamethasone treatment showed at 3M a significantly lower bone mineral density in ovariectomized rats compared to Sham-operated control (p < 0.0001) as analyzed in vivo by DEXA. Furthermore, Z scores reached levels of -5.7 in the spine indicating sever osteoporotic bone status. Biomechanical testing of compression stability indicated a lower functional competence (p < 0.0001) in the spine of treated rats. µCT analysis showed significant reduction of bone volume density (BV/TV%; p < 0.0001), significantly enhanced trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp; p < 0.0001) with less trabecular number (Tb.N; p < 0.001) and complete loss of trabecular structures in glucocorticoid-treated ovariectomized rats. Histological analysis by osteoblast and osteoclast activities reflected a higher bone catabolism reflected by osteoclast counts by TRAP (p < 0.019) and lower bone catabolism indicated by ALP-stained area (p < 0.035).Serum analysis showed a significant increase in osteocalcin (p < 0.0001), osteopontin (p < 0.01) and insulin (p < 0.001) at 3M. Expression analysis of molecular markers in the vertebral body revealed lower expression in tenascin C in the OVX-steroid animals at 3M.\Question: Does short-term glucocorticoid treatment cause spinal osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats?
[A]: Short-term glucocorticoid treatment of ovariectomized rats indicates according to DEXA standards a severe osteoporotic bone status in vertebral bone. Nonetheless, dysfunctional bone anabolism and enhanced bone catabolism are observed. Alterations of bone extracellular matrix proteins that correlate to inferior mechanical stability and affected microstructure were noticed and suggest further investigation. Treatment with dexamethasone was also seen to affect insulin and osteopontin levels and thus osteoblast function and maturation. This described animal model presents a recapitulation of clinically obtained data from early phase glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis observed in patients.


[Q]: Context: To determine GJB2 allelic mutant and estimate probability of hereditary hearing loss in newborn with GJB2 heterozygous mutation in Beijing.', 'We performed genetic testing for sequencing of GJB2 gene for searching GJB2 allelic mutant in 915 newborn who received newborn deafness gene screening (GJB2 c. 235delC, GJB2 c. 299_300delAT, GJB2 c. 176191del16, GJB2 c. 35delG) in Beijing Tongren hospital, and the mutation were classified to pathogenic mutation,undefined variant and polymorphism.', 'Four hundred (43.72%, 400/915) newborn were detected to carry at least one mutation allele in GJB2. 3 (0.33%, 3/915) newborn had pathogenic mutations (c. 94C>T, c. 380G>T, c. 344T>G); 62 (6.76%, 62/915) newborn carried 14 undefined variant, 36 newborn had c. 109G>A (58.06%, 36/62),13 newborn had c. 368C>A (20.97%,13/62), six (c. 268C>G, c. 282C>T, c. 294G>C, 456C>T, c. 501G>A, c. 587T>C) are novel; 335 (36.61%, 335/915) newborn were polymorphism.\Question: Do [ The sequencing analyze of 915 newborn with GJB2 heterozygous mutation in Beijing ]?
[A]:
The probability of hereditary hearing loss is 7.09% in newborn with GJB2 heterozygous mutation in Beijing. It is noteworthy that c. 109G>A, c. 368C>A occupy a high proportion.