Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[EX Q]: Context: i ne prognostic relevance of hematological parameters in cardiovascular diseases has been well demonstrated. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the association between the hematological parameters, particularly neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and outcomes of aortic dissection (AD).', 'Two hundred patients diagnosed with AD were retrospectively recruited and compared with 76 subjects with ascending aortic dilatation (AAD) and 92 subjects with normal aortic diameters. The independent relation between hematological parameters and in-hospital mortality was analyzed by regression analysis.', 'The NLR was significantly higher in the AD group compared to the AAD and control groups (median 8.83 [8.13] vs. median 1.95 [1.10] vs. median 1.71 [0.77], respectively; p = 0.01). The NLR was higher in the deceased (n = 57) compared to the surviving patients (n = 143) (median 10.37 [10.86] vs. median 7.84 [8.17]; p = 0.01). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis revealed that a NLR measurement higher than > 8.78 predicted in-hospital mortality for patients with acute aortic dissection with a sensitivity of 67.4% and a specificity of 57.2% (AUC: 0.672; p = 0.01). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, increased aortic diameter, acute dissection, and increased levels of NLR remained as the independent markers of in-hospital mortality within the study population.
Answer: In patients with AD, NLR levels were increased compared to patients with AAD and controls and were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. This finding implicates that admission hematological parameters may have clinical importance in evaluating the mortality risk in patients with AD.
[EX A]: Is increased Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio Associated with In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Aortic Dissection?

[EX Q]: Context: Preterm delivery and sub-optimal fetal growth are associated with each other and affect both mother and infant. Our aim was to determine (i) whether there are detectable differences in DNA methylation between early and late gestation and (ii) whether changes in DNA methylation from entry are associated with spontaneous preterm delivery with and without reduced fetal growth.', 'We conducted a case-control study nested within a large prospective cohort. Gene specific methylation was measured by Methyl-Profiler PCR Array in a Human Breast Cancer Signature Panel of 24 genes from maternal peripheral leukocytes genomic DNA at entry and 3', 'There was significantly decrease in DNA methylation in 15 of 24 genes during the 3
Answer: These data suggest that epigenetic modification is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm delivery, spontaneous preterm delivery with reduced fetal growth in particular.
[EX A]: Is spontaneous Preterm Delivery , Particularly with Reduced Fetal Growth , Associated with DNA Hypomethylation of Tumor Related Genes?

[EX Q]: Context: To evaluate the neurosensory outcome of management of damaged inferior alveolar nerves caused by endodontic overfilling and to assess the efficacy of delayed surgical intervention.', 'Nine patients who underwent surgical removal of extruded endodontic material were included. All patients were evaluated for neurosensory function using a set of standardized tests. The outcome of surgical intervention was evaluated through patient interview and quantitative statistical analysis.', 'Surgical procedures included foreign body removal, microsurgical external/internal decompression, excision of neuroma followed by nerve repair, and excision of damaged nerve segment with interpositional nerve graft. Seven of the nine patients had significant improvement according to the follow-up neurosensory assessment. Four patients reported significant improvement, three patients reported mild improvement and two patients reported no appreciable improvement in the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Two patients who reported no appreciable improvement in VAS also did not achieve FSR. In these patients, calcium hydroxide was spread widely along the IAN and a surgical approach was obtained via sagittal spit osteotomy. The mean time to reach FSR was 222.7 (±41.8)\xa0days with a range of 106-397\xa0days. In the early repair group who received surgery within 60\xa0days, three out of five patients achieved FSR in a mean time of 198.0 (±76.2)\xa0days. The mean time to FSR in all four subjects who received surgical attention over 60\xa0days after injury was 241.3 (±139.8)\xa0days with a range of 106-397\xa0days. As all four cases in the late repair group with limited amount of nerve injury achieved FSR, only 3 of 5 early repair cases with wide-spread injury achieved a similar outcome.
Answer: The results of this case series confirmed the notion that surgical management of the inferior alveolar nerve is effective in the treatment of nerve injuries caused by endodontic extrusion of calcium hydroxide paste. Delayed surgical repair of the inferior alveolar nerve can be indicated and helpful for the neurosensory recovery of damaged IAN, however, the surgical management was less effective in case of widespread nerve injuries.
[EX A]:
Do surgical management of damaged inferior alveolar nerve caused by endodontic overfilling of calcium hydroxide paste?