TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: This ruler faced a scandal when Amy Robsart, the wife of Robert Dudley, died by falling down some stairs. This ruler was dubbed a "servant of crime" and excommunicated in the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis, a response to the passage of the Second Act of Supremacy. Anthony Babington's plan to assassinate this ruler was uncovered by spymaster Francis Walsingham. This ruler ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots and sent Francis Drake to defeat the Spanish Armada. For 10 points, name this Tudor monarch, the "Virgin Queen" of England.

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: A namesake protein component of this structure is detected by Toll-like Receptor 5. Tg737, whose mutation causes polycystic kidney disease in mice, is responsible for transport within this structure, which is also dependent upon complexes of IFT proteins. Y. Pestis uses a structure homologous to these to inject virulence factors into host cytoplasm, known as the Type III secretory system. They have a P, L, and MS ring in gram-negative bacteria, and in all organisms their central body is called the axonene. In Eukaryotes, they contain a 9+2 set of microtubules around a central pair and use dyenin and ATP hydrolysis to power their whipping motion. Similar to cilia, for 10 points, name these projections used by cells to swim.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: Lindstrom's theorem states that first-order logic is the strongest logic having both this property and satisfying the Lowenheim-Skolem property. A method for finding a Hausdorff space with this property containing a given space is named for Stone and Cech. Equicontinuity is the main condition for determining whether a family of functions has this property by the Arzela-Ascoli theorem. Using the axiom of choice, it can be shown that an arbitrary product of spaces with this property has this property, a result known as Tychonoff's theorem. In Euclidean space, being closed and bounded is sufficient to show, according to the Heine-Borel theorem, that a set has this property. For 10 points, identify this property which holds of a set on which every open cover has a finite subcover.

SOLUTION:
Science