Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Context: A scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) was developed for evaluation of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA) and was also recommended for clinical trials of Friedreich's ataxia patients (FRDA). FRDA, unlike ADCA, is characterized as being a sensory type of ataxia for which the disease-specific Friedreich ataxia rating scale (FARS) was developed. The objective of this study was to determine whether SARA and FARS scores are associated with posturographic parameters in FRDA patients.", 'Adult patients with genetically confirmed FRDA (n=11) and ADCA (n=13) were evaluated by SARA, FARS and posturography.', "FRDA patients' postural stability parameters, in stance with visual control, correlated with balance impairment in FARS (r=0.622; p<0.05) and SARA (r=0.735; p<0.05). Without visual control, only FARS correlated with balance impairment (r=0.732; p<0.05).
Answer: The SARA, in FRDA patients, correlates with stance with visual control but not without visual control which emphasizes sensory ataxia. This suggests that application of the SARA in Friedreich's ataxia patients according to posturography is possible but presumably limited and FARS, although being a more time consuming scale, may have advantages over SARA in FRDA patients.

A: Is application of a Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia ( SARA ) in Friedreich 's ataxia patients according to posturography limited?
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Q: Context: We have previously shown that blood transfusion in the first 24 hours is an independent predictor of mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and increased ICU length of stay in the acute trauma setting when controlling for Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and age. Indices of shock such as base deficit, serum lactate level, and admission hemodynamic status (systolic blood pressure, heart rate) and admission hematocrit were considered potential confounding variables in that study. The objectives of this study were to evaluate admission anemia and blood transfusion within the first 24 hours as independent predictors of mortality, ICU admission, ICU length of stay (LOS), and hospital LOS, with serum lactate level, base deficit, and shock index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure) as covariates.', 'Prospective data were collected on 15,534 patients admitted to a Level I trauma center over a 3-year period (1998-2000) and stratified by age, gender, race, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and Injury Severity Score. Admission anemia and blood transfusion were assessed as independent predictors of mortality, ICU admission, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS by logistic regression analysis, with base deficit, serum lactate, and shock index as covariates.', 'Blood transfusion was a strong independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-4.40; p < 0.001), ICU admission (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 2.69-3.99; p < 0.001), ICU LOS (p < 0.001), and hospital LOS (Coef, 4.37; 95% CI, 2.79-5.94; p < 0.001) when stratified by indices of shock (base deficit, serum lactate, shock index, and anemia). Patients who underwent blood transfusion were almost three times more likely to die and greater than three times more likely to be admitted to the ICU. Admission anemia (hematocrit < 36%) was an independent predictor of ICU admission (p = 0.008), ICU LOS (p = 0.012), and hospital LOS (p < 0.001).
Answer: Blood transfusion is confirmed as an independent predictor of mortality, ICU admission, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS in trauma after controlling for severity of shock by admission base deficit, lactate, shock index, and anemia. The use of other hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluids (such as human or bovine hemoglobin substitutes) in the acute postinjury period warrants further investigation.

A: Is blood transfusion , independent of shock severity , associated with worse outcome in trauma?
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Q: Context: Certain aspects of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in severely and morbidly obese (SMO) patients (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m(2)) remain controversial. This study aimed to assess the duration of TKA surgery and hospital stay in relation to patients' BMI.", 'Three operative times during TKA surgery were recorded: tourniquet time, to determine surgical difficulty, total surgical time, to assess the difficulty of achieving anaesthesia, and time in the surgical area, to assess patient management in the surgical area. Length of hospital stay was also calculated. Data were collected prospectively from consecutive patients and were recorded in a database for retrospective analysis.', 'Data were obtained from 922 consecutive patients undergoing TKA. The non-obese group comprised 418 patients (45.3%), obese group Class I 331 (36%), and the SMO group (Class II-III) 173 (18.7%). Mean tourniquet time was 53 min, mean total surgical time was 84 min, and mean time in the surgical area was 132 min. There were no differences according to BMI group. Median length hospital stay (LHS) was 6 days in all patients regardless of BMI. Factors that significantly prolonged LHS were ASA III-IV and pre-operative haemoglobin between 12 and 13 g/dl.
Answer: Severely and morbidly obese (SMO) patients (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m(2)) undergoing TKA surgery do not require longer operative time or hospital stay than non-obese or obese Class I patients. The fact that surgical time was not significantly different could be due to greater specialisation in the treatment of these patients, which may favour a lower incidence of post-operative complications.

A:
Does severe and morbid obesity ( BMI ≥ 35 kg/m ( 2 ) ) increase surgical time and length of hospital stay in total knee arthroplasty surgery?
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