Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[EX Q]: This study investigated the isolated and combined effects of heat [temperate (22\xa0°C/30\xa0% rH) vs. hot (35\xa0°C/40\xa0% rH)] and hypoxia [sea level (FiO2 0.21) vs. moderate altitude (FiO2 0.15)] on exercise capacity and neuromuscular fatigue characteristics.', 'Eleven physically active subjects cycled to exhaustion at constant workload (66\xa0% of the power output associated with their maximal oxygen uptake in temperate conditions) in four different environmental conditions [temperate/sea level (control), hot/sea level (hot), temperate/moderate altitude (hypoxia) and hot/moderate altitude (hot\xa0+\xa0hypoxia)]. Torque and electromyography (EMG) responses following electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve (plantar-flexion; soleus) were recorded before and 5\xa0min after exercise.', 'Time to exhaustion was reduced (P\xa0<\xa00.05) in hot (-35\xa0±\xa015\xa0%) or hypoxia (-36\xa0±\xa014\xa0%) compared to control (61\xa0±\xa028\xa0min), while hot\xa0+\xa0hypoxia (-51\xa0±\xa020\xa0%) further compromised exercise capacity (P\xa0<\xa00.05). However, the effect of temperature or altitude on end-exercise core temperature (P\xa0=\xa00.089 and P\xa0=\xa00.070, respectively) and rating of perceived exertion (P\xa0>\xa00.05) did not reach significance. Maximal voluntary contraction torque, voluntary activation (twitch interpolation) and peak twitch torque decreased from pre- to post-exercise (-9\xa0±\xa01, -4\xa0±\xa01 and -6\xa0±\xa01\xa0% all trials compounded, respectively; P\xa0<\xa00.05), with no effect of the temperature or altitude. M-wave amplitude and root mean square activity were reduced (P\xa0<\xa00.05) in hot compared to temperate conditions, while normalized maximal EMG activity did not change. Altitude had no effect on any measured parameters.
[EX A]: Does combining heat stress and moderate hypoxia reduce cycling time to exhaustion without modifying neuromuscular fatigue characteristics?

[EX Q]: Cardiac rupture is a catastrophic complication that occurs after acute myocardial infarction (MI) and, at present, there are no effective pharmacological strategies for preventing this condition. Here we investigated the effect of the angiotensin II receptor blocker olmesartan (Olm) on post-infarct cardiac rupture and its underlying mechanisms of action.', 'C57Bl/6 mice with MI were treated with Olm, aldosterone (Aldo) or vehicle. Cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to normoxia or anoxia and treated with angiotensin II (Ang II), RNH6270 (active ingredient of Olm) or Aldo.', 'The mortality rate and incidence of cardiac rupture in MI mice during the first week in the Olm-treated group were significantly lower than in the vehicle-treated group. Olm or RNH6270 reduced myeloperoxidase staining in the infarcted myocardium, decreased apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, as assessed by Hoechst staining and TUNEL assay, attenuated the accumulation of p53 and phosphorylated p53 and cleaved caspase 3 induced by MI or Ang II, as assessed by Western blotting, and up-regulated growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15). In cultured cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, treatment with Ang II, Aldo or anoxia significantly down-regulated the expression of GDF-15.
[EX A]: Does olmesartan prevent cardiac rupture in mice with myocardial infarction by modulating growth differentiation factor 15 and p53?

[EX Q]: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound is a procedure commonly used to screen individuals with the major hemoglobin S diseases, Hb SS and Hb S-beta(0), for significant stenoses in the circle of Willis. Flow velocities above 200 cm/s have been shown to identify patients at elevated risk for cerebral infarction. Among TCD's limitations is the inability to insonate the distal extracranial, petrous, and cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) through the standard transtemporal approach.", 'We extended the submandibular approach to include infra-siphon portions of the ICA.', 'Using the extended submandibular approach to evaluate these portions of the ICA, we identified stenotic lesions in 4 patients with Hb SS disease out of a population of 131 children with Hb SS. Three of the 4 patients had no history of overt stroke or stroke-like symptoms. Neuroimaging confirmed the stenotic lesions, and also revealed watershed infarction as well as discrete areas of silent infarction. All 4 children had neuropsychological impairment.
[EX A]:
Does submandibular TCD approach detect post-bulb ICA stenosis in children with sickle cell anemia?