In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[EX Q]: on the contrary, what impresses me is the obduracy of high-minded state courts, like that of new york under the leadership of judge cardozo, in refusing to adopt the federal rule of exclusion.
[EX A]: non-overruling

[EX Q]: to the extent that this conclusion is inconsistent with in re e.t . , 2008 vt 48, 184 vt. 273, 959 a.2d 544, or in re l.g. , 158 vt. 639, 603 a.2d 381 (1992) (mem.), those cases are overruled.
[EX A]: overruling

[EX Q]: congress possesses only limited authority to prohibit and punish robbery.
[EX A]:
non-overruling