In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
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Question: Laplaces rule may be used to compute a version of this quantity for its namesake tensor in order to prove the Alon-Tarsi conjecture for Latin squares of even order; that proof uses Cayleys version of this operator. The Cauchy-Binet rule generalizes it to commutative rings, while Leibnizs formula uses permutations of elements to compute it. Setting to zero the result of this operation on lambda I minus A allows us to calculate As eigenvalues. Cramers rule uses ratios of these to solve systems of linear equations. For ten points, name this quantity that is a d minus c b for a 2 by 2 matrix a b c d.

Answer: Science


Question: In this country, the execution of Auguste Chapdelaine caused France to enter a war that began with this country's seizure of the merchant ship Arrow. A man claiming to be the younger brother of Jesus established the Heavenly Kingdom in this country, which is where the Eight Nation Alliance put down a revolt led by the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists. This country was the site of the Opium Wars and the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions. For 10 points, name this country ruled during the 19th century by the Qing Dynasty.

Answer: History


Question: Highly influenced by and revised due to Wilhelm Stekel, much of its discussion surrounds an incident known as Irmas injection. Arguing that the title phenomena take place in stages of condensation, displacement, and finally secondary revision, it also seeks to differentiate between latent and manifest content, arguing that the preconscious suppresses the wish fulfillment from making its way to the conscious mind before waking up. For ten points, name this seminal 1900 work on analyzing reverie, written by Sigmund Freud.

Answer:
Social Science