Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: To determine whether tissue factor (TF) contributes to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in mice.', 'We determined the effect of a 50% reduction of TF levels in all cells on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. No differences were observed in the extent of atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-)/TF(+/+) and apoE(-/-)/TF(+/-) mice fed regular chow for 34 weeks. Atherosclerosis could not be analyzed in apoE(-/-) mice expressing low levels of TF because of premature death of these mice. Macrophages are a major source of TF in atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, in a second series of experiments, we investigated the effect on atherosclerosis of selectively reducing hematopoietic cell-derived TF by transplanting bone marrow from mice expressing low levels of TF into low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice. Atherosclerosis within the arterial tree and aortic root were similar in LDLR(-/-) mice with low-TF bone marrow compared with control bone marrow (TF(+/+) or TF(+/-)) after 4 and 16 weeks on an atherogenic diet. Furthermore, the cellular composition of the aortic root lesions was similar between the 2 groups.
Answer: Our data indicate that either a 50% reduction of TF in all cells or a selective reduction in hematopoietic cell-derived TF does not affect the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice.

Answer: Is atherosclerosis in mice affected by a reduction in tissue factor expression?


Question: Context: Some living kidney donors report lost income during recovery from surgery. Little is known about whether concern for living donor's lost income affects the decision to undergo donation evaluation and the willingness of transplant candidates to discuss living kidney donation (LKD) with others.", 'To examine whether transplant patients were told by potential donors about lost income concerns and whether patients chose not to discuss LKD with others due to lost income concerns.', "Kidney transplant patients (185 wait-listed candidates, 171 deceased donor recipients, and 100 live donor recipients) at 2 centers completed a questionnaire to assess whether concern about donor's lost income was a consideration in discussion about LKD with others.", 'One-third (32%) were told by a family member/friend that they were willing to donate but were concerned about potential lost income. The majority of those who expressed financial concern (64%) did not initiate donation evaluation. Many patients (42%) chose not to discuss living donation with a family member/friend due to concern about the impact of lost income on the donor. In the multivariable model, lower annual household income was the only statistically significant predictor of both having a potential donor expressing lost income concern and choosing not to talk to someone because of lost income concern.
Answer: Findings from the current study underscore how concern about income loss for living donors may affect decision-making by both transplant candidates and potential donors.

Answer: Does concern for Lost Income Following Donation deter Some Patients From Talking to Potential Living Donors?


Question: Context: Immunochemical therapy combining cytokines and chemotherapeutic agents is expected to be effective for treating advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We investigated the mechanism underlying the synergism of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the effect of p53 status on the synergy of the combined therapy in RCC cell lines.', 'The synergy of IFN-alpha and 5-FU was analyzed by isobolographic analysis in five RCC cell lines. The effect of combined treatment on apoptosis induction was measured by flow cytometric analysis, Hoechst staining, and caspase activity assay; PCNA expression was investigated by Western blotting to examine the effect of combined treatment on the antiproliferative effect.', 'We demonstrated synergy of IFN-alpha and 5-FU in five RCC cell lines with wild-type p53. IFN-alpha suppressed the proliferation of RCC cells via G1 or G2/M cell cycle arrest without inducing apoptosis, whereas 5-FU induced apoptosis in a dosage-dependent manner. IFN-alpha enhanced the apoptosis of RCC cells induced by 5-FU, whereas 5-FU did not increase the antiproliferative effect of IFN-alpha. However, the synergistic inhibition by IFN-alpha and 5-FU was abolished when the cell lines were transfected with p53 dominant-negative vector.
Answer: The synergy of IFN-alpha and 5-FU requires p53 activity, suggesting that p53 status may serve as a predictive factor for response to the combination therapy. Because metastatic RCC frequently has p53 mutations, therapy restoring p53 may markedly improve the response rate of immunochemical therapy combining IFN-alpha and 5-FU.

Answer:
Does synergy of interferon-alpha and 5-fluorouracil in human renal cell carcinoma require p53 activity?