instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: Cognitive changes after ischemic stroke are often overlooked, particularly acutely and in patients with mild or transient deficits. We assessed patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA)/minor stroke with serial cognitive screening tests. We tested the hypothesis that mild acute deficits are transient and improve after TIA/minor stroke.', 'Patients with acute TIA/minor ischemic stroke, without a history of cognitive impairment, presenting with a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score ≤3 were assessed <72 hours of onset. Patients were administered the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at days 1, 7, 30, and 90. Cognitive impairment was defined as MoCA <26 and MMSE ≤26.', 'One hundred patients with a median (interquartile range) National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score of 1 (2) and median age of 68 (20) years were included. Baseline median MoCA score (26 [4]) was lower than the MMSE (29 [2]; P<0.0001). Cognitive impairment was detected in 54 of 100 patients (54%) with MoCA and 16 of 100 (16%; P=0.001) with MMSE. MoCA scores improved at day 7 (27 [5]), day 30 (28 [2]), and day 90 (28 [2]; P<0.0001). Resolution of cognitive deficits was because of resolution of recall deficits.\Question: Do serial montreal cognitive assessments demonstrate reversible cognitive impairment in patients with acute transient ischemic attack and minor stroke?
answer:
Acute temporary cognitive impairment after TIA/minor stroke is common. The MoCA is sensitive to these changes, but the MMSE is not. Routine cognitive assessment after TIA/minor stroke may be warranted and relevant to return to activities even when other neurological deficits are not evident.


question:
Context: Classical conditioning of the eyeblink reflex is a simple form of motor learning which depends on the integrity of the cerebellum. Acquisition of conditioned eyeblink responses is markedly reduced in patients with cerebellar disorders. Noninvasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been reported to modify the excitability of the cerebellar cortex.', 'The aim of the study was to assess whether acquisition of conditioned eyeblink responses (CR) is altered by cerebellar tDCS.', 'A standard delay conditioning paradigm with a 540 ms tone as conditioned stimulus (CS) coterminating with a 100 ms air puff as unconditioned stimulus (US) was used in a total of 30 healthy subjects (18 female, 12 male, mean age 23.4 ± 1.9 years). One hundred paired CS-US trials and 30 extinction CS alone trials were given. tDCS (2 mA intensity, ramp like onset) was applied over the right cerebellar hemisphere ipsilaterally to the US during the acquisition phase. Subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10) using anodal, cathodal or sham stimulation. The investigator as well as the participants was blinded to the stimulation modality.', 'CR acquisition was significantly enhanced by anodal tDCS (mean total CR incidence 73.4 ± 25.2%) and significantly reduced by cathodal stimulation (12.6 ± 17.2%) compared to sham stimulation (43.8 ± 24.1%). During anodal tDCS CR onset occurred significantly earlier, that is mean onset of responses was shifted closer to CS onset.\Question: Is acquisition of conditioned eyeblink responses modulated by cerebellar tDCS?
answer:
Acquisition and timing of conditioned eyeblink responses is modified by cerebellar tDCS in a polarity dependent manner.


question:
Context: Factors related to malignant transformation of laryngeal precancerous lesions remain largely unknown, so we investigated the relationship between the expression of p27 and precancerous laryngeal lesion.', 'In this study we investigated the expressions of p27 and p53 protein in 56 cases with laryngeal precancerous or cancer lesions (20 cases of hyperplasia, 19 of dysplasia, and 17 of squamous cell carcinoma), and went on to evaluate the relationship between immunoreactivity of each of them and the histological findings. We also evaluated the correlation between immunoreactivity and proliferative activity with the aid of Ki-67 nuclear antigen staining.', 'A retrospective study was performed in 56 cases (20 with epithelial hyperplasia, 19 with epithelial dysplasia and 17 with laryngeal cancer). Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate expression of p27, p53 protein and Ki-67 nuclear antigen staining, using the avidian-biotin-peroxidase complex technique.', 'p27 immunostaining was observed in 12 out of 20 cases of hyperplasia (60%), six out of 19 cases of dysplasia (31%), and 2/17 (12%) of carcinoma. We found significant association between p27 immunostaining and the histological findings. On the other hand, p53 immunostaining was observed in 6/20 (30%) of hyperplasia, 3/19 (16%) of dysplasia, and 7/17 (41%) of carcinoma. No significant association was found between p53 and the histological findings.\Question: Is reduced expression of p27 correlated with progression in precancerous lesions of the larynx?
answer:

Our results revealed that immunohistochemical assessment of p27 in bioptic samples of laryngeal precancerous lesions might be useful in selective patients who should undergo a more specific follow-up evaluation.