Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[Q]: Hematopoiesis is regulated by proliferation, differentiation, and death. p16(INK4a) has been reported to regulate apoptosis and differentiation of diverse cells, as well as arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase. The aim of this study is to explore the properties of p16 in apoptosis and differentiation of erythroid cells.', 'We transfected the INK4a gene to K562 cells, which defect the INK4a gene, and compared the effect of enforced expression of p16(INK4a) with that of various additives, topoisomerase I inhibitor (SN 38), interferon-alpha, phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase inhibitor (LY294002), and serum deprivation, which arrest cell cycle at different phases. We also investigated the role of p16(INK4a) in normal day-6 human erythroid colony-forming cells by transfecting the INK4a gene.', 'p16(INK4a) induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and promoted erythroid differentiation in viable K562 cells, but induced apoptosis in K562 cells with incomplete differentiation. The apoptosis induced by p16 was accompanied with downregulation of bcl-x and nuclear NF-kappaB. These findings were not observed in K562 cells treated with various additives. p16(INK4a) decreased the cell viability and promoted apoptosis in day-9 ECFC.
[A]: 1


[Q]: It is still uncertain whether or not there is a difference between metoprolol and carvedilol for the treatment of congestive heart failure. We attempted to determine the difference between the two beta-blockers in terms of their antiadrenergic effect during exercise in patients with heart failure and their efficacy based on the baseline plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration.', 'Fifty-three patients with mild to moderate heart failure with a radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction <40% received open label metoprolol or carvedilol in a randomized fashion. The increase in the heart rate normalized to the increase in the plasma norepinephrine concentration during exercise, was calculated as an index of adrenergic responsiveness during exercise.', 'The increase in heart rate normalized by the increase in plasma norepinephrine concentration, decreased after the initiation of beta-blockers in the carvedilol group, but not in the metoprolol group. The change in cardiac function was more favorable for carvedilol than metoprolol in patients who exhibited a higher baseline brain natriuretic peptide concentration.
[A]: 0


[Q]: The E-cadherin (CDH1) gene has been implicated in prostate cancer (PCA) risk, however, the exact mechanism is unknown. Several polymorphisms, such as the C/A variant -160 base pairs from the transcription start site, in the CDH1 gene promoter region have been associated with cancer risk, mainly in European descent populations.', 'We screened the entire coding region and 3.0 kilobases of the CDH1 promoter for polymorphisms in 48 African Americans using dHPLC. Twenty-one (21) polymorphisms were observed. Four polymorphisms, including -160C/A, were genotyped in a genetic association study using incident PCA cases (N = 427) and unaffected controls (N = 337) of similar age from three different ethnic groups consisting of African Americans, Jamaicans, and European Americans.', 'We observed a significantly higher frequency of the -160A allele among European American PCA patients (27.5%) compared to the control group (19.7%) (P = 0.04). More importantly, among men of European ancestry under the age of 65 who possess the -160 A allele there was over three times increased risk for prostate cancer (P = 0.05). Also, the AACT haplotype bearing the -160A allele was significantly associated with PCA in European Americans (P = 0.04).
[A]:
0