Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: We sought to determine the association between low caregiver health literacy and child emergency department (ED) use, both the number and urgency of ED visits.', 'This year long cross-sectional study utilized the Newest Vital Sign questionnaire to measure the health literacy of caregivers accompanying children to a pediatric ED. Prior ED visits were extracted from a regional database. ED visit urgency was classified by resources utilized during the index ED visit. Regression analyses were used to model 2 outcomes-prior ED visits and ED visit urgency-stratified by chronic illness. Analyses were weighted by triage level.', 'Overall, 503 caregivers completed the study; 55% demonstrated low health literacy. Children of caregivers with low health literacy had more prior ED visits (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.5; 95% confidence interval 1.2, 1.8) and increased odds of a nonurgent index ED visit (adjusted odds ratio 2.4; 95% confidence interval 1.3, 4.4). Among children without chronic illness, low caregiver health literacy was associated with an increased proportion of nonurgent index ED visits (48% vs. 22%; adjusted odds ratio 3.2; 1.8, 5.7).

A: 1
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Q: Event-related potentials (ERPs) are sensitive measures of both perceptual and cognitive processes. The aim of the present study was to identify brain regions involved in the processes of cognitive dysfunction in narcolepsy by means of ERP tomography.', 'In 17 drug-free patients with narcolepsy and 17 controls, ERPs were recorded (auditory odd-ball paradigm). Latencies, amplitudes and LORETA sources were determined for standard (N1 and P2) and target (N2 and P300) ERP components. Psychometry included measures of mental performance, affect and critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF).', 'In the ERPs patients demonstrated delayed cognitive N2 and P300 components and reduced amplitudes in midline regions, while N1 and P2 components did not differ from controls. LORETA suggested reduced P300 sources bilaterally in the precuneus, the anterior and posterior cingulate gyri, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus. In psychometry, patients demonstrated deteriorated mood, increased trait anxiety, decreased CFF and a trend toward reduced general verbal memory and psychomotor activity.

A: 1
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Q: To investigate the significance of the presence or absence of the thymus in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) following monocrotaline (MCT) administration, the degree of MCT-induced PH (MCT-PH) in athymic nude (F344/N Jcl-rnu) rats was compared with that in their euthymic (rnu/+) littermates.', "Histopathological studies of the lung in terms of interstitial edema, congestion, thickening of the alveolar wall, inflammatory cell infiltration and degeneration of arteries were performed by staining with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), elastin van Gieson and Masson's trichrome. The medial wall thickness of the small pulmonary arteries and the weight ratio of the right ventricular free wall (RV) to that of the left ventricle plus septum [RV/(LV + S) weight ratio] were used as indices of the degree of PH. Toluidine blue staining was performed to estimate the number of the mast cells in the lung interstitium.", 'Interstitial edema was significantly severer in MCT- injected euthymic rats than in MCT-injected athymic nude rats (p < 0.01); in contrast, the thickening of the alveolar wall was severer in MCT-injected athymic nude rats than in MCT-injected euthymic rats (p < 0.05). The degree of MCT-PH, as determined by the medial wall thickness of the small pulmonary arteries and RV/(LV + S) weight ratio in MCT-injected athymic nude rats, was significantly severer than in MCT-injected euthymic rats (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The number of mast cells was significantly greater in MCT-injected athymic nude rats than in MCT-injected euthymic rats (p < 0.01). The degree of the medial wall thickness of the small pulmonary arteries was significantly correlated with RV/(LV + S) weight ratio (p < 0.05) as well as with the number of mast cells in MCT-injected rats.

A:
1
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