In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Q: but an inference of a participation in a conspiracy based on presence must be accompanied by evidence that the defendant ""supported, assisted, encouraged, cooperated with, advised, or incited the principal in the commission of the crime, and that the defendant shared the criminal intent of the principal.""

A: non-overruling
****
Q: for these reasons we believe that board of education v. chattin, supra, should be overruled to the extent that it conflicts with the views herein set out.

A: overruling
****
Q: a majority of the active judges of this court have voted to dissolve the en banc court.

A:
non-overruling
****