TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a paragraph (from a research paper) and your task is to classify each sentence of the paragraph (assume n sentence) into the following categories: Background, Purpose, Method, Finding/Contribution, or Other. Return the output in this format: 1 - category of sentence 1, 2 - category of sentence 2, ..., n - category of sentence n; where each number indicates the order of the sentence. The categories can be identified using the following questions: 
 Background: - Why is this problem important? - What relevant works have been done before? - What did the previous works miss? - What are the high-level research questions? - How might this help other researchers?
 Purpose: - What specific things do the researchers want to do? - What specific knowledge do the researchers want to know? - What specific hypothesis do the researchers want to test?
 Method: - How did the researchers do it or find it out? - What are the procedures and steps of this research?
 Finding/Contribution: - What did the researchers find out? Did the proposed methods work? - Did things behave as the researchers expected?
Other: put every text fragment that does not fit into any of the categories above here. Put a sentence here if its not in English, is not part of the article, contains numbers and dates, is a caption of a figure or a table, is a formatting error, or you are not sure about it.
PROBLEM: A 31 year old male with a history of diabetes mellitus type 1 and recent skin infection of the neck (for which he underwent incision and drainage and levofloxacin treatment) presented to the emergency department with a three day history of fever, cough productive of bloody sputum, and shortness of breath. He had recently returned from a trip to Asia. He was tachycardic but normotensive and had an oxygen saturation of 93 % on 3 L nasal cannula. WBC count was 21.8 K/UL with 90 % neutrophils, BUN and creatinine were 8 mg/dL and 1.0 mg/dL, respectively, and glucose >350 mg/dL. Suspicion of cavitary pneumonia on chest radiograph was confirmed by computed tomography (Fig. 20.1 ).

SOLUTION: 1 - background, 2 - background, 3 - background, 4 - background, 5 - background, 6 - background, 7 - background, 8 - finding

PROBLEM: Decoding disease mechanisms for addressing unmet clinical need demands the rapid assimilation of the exponentially growing biomedical knowledge. These are either inherently unstructured and non-conducive to current computing paradigms or siloed into structured databases requiring specialized bioinformatics. Despite the recent renaissance in unsupervised neural networks for deciphering unstructured natural languages and the availability of numerous bioinformatics resources, a holistic platform for real-time synthesis of the scientific literature and seamless triangulation with deep omic insights and real-world evidence has not been advanced. Here, we introduce the nferX platform that makes the highly unstructured biomedical knowledge computable and supports the seamless visual triangulation with statistical inference from diverse structured databases. The nferX platform will accelerate and amplify the research potential of subject-matter experts as well as non-experts across the life science ecosystem.

SOLUTION: 1 - background, 2 - background, 3 - background, 4 - background, 5 - finding, 6 - finding

PROBLEM: Mis-secreted glycoproteins (LGI1, reelin) are emerging causes of epilepsy. LMAN2L belongs to a glycoprotein secretion chaperone family. One recessive LMAN2L missense mutation predicted to impair the chaperone's interaction with glycoproteins was reported in a family with intellectual disability (ID) and remitting epilepsy. We describe four members of a family with autosomal dominant inheritance of a similar phenotype. We show that they segregate a NM_001142292.1:c.1073delT mutation that eliminates LMAN2L's endoplasmic reticulum retention signal and mislocalizes the protein from that compartment to the plasma membrane. LMAN2L mislocalization, like impaired glycoprotein interaction, disturbs brain development, including generation of developmentally restricted epilepsy.

SOLUTION:
1 - background, 2 - background, 3 - background, 4 - purpose, 5 - finding, 6 - finding, 7 - finding