In this task, you are given a set of context paragraphs, some supporting facts and an answer of a question. Your task is to generate question for given answer based on set of context paragraphs, supporting facts and an answer.

Input: Consider Input: Context_1 : Forrest Corry Parry (July 4, 1921 – December 31, 2005) was the IBM engineer who invented the Magnetic stripe card used for Credit cards and identification badges. Context_2 : In computing (specifically data transmission and data storage), a block, sometimes called a physical record, is a sequence of bytes or bits, usually containing some whole number of records, having a maximum length, a "block size". Data thus structured are said to be "blocked". The process of putting data into blocks is called "blocking", while "deblocking" is the process of extracting data from blocks. Blocked data is normally stored in a data buffer and read or written a whole block at a time. Blocking reduces the overhead and speeds up the handling of the data-stream. For some devices such as magnetic tape and CKD disk devices blocking reduces the amount of external storage required for the data. Blocking is almost universally employed when storing data to 9-track magnetic tape, to NAND flash memory, and to rotating media such as floppy disks, hard disks, and optical discs. Context_3 : Interchange Plus is the common name for a pricing structure for accepting credit card transactions by merchants. The Interchange fee is an important factor in determining the actual cost of accepting credit cards. Interchange pricing is what the Visa and MasterCard associations along with credit card issuing banks charge merchant account providers to process credit and debit card transactions. Merchant Account providers then charge a markup on interchange known as interchange plus pricing to process the transaction and provide customer service to the merchant accepting the credit or debit card payment. Interchange Plus pricing is known as the most honest and transparent form of pricing for merchants looking to accept credit cards. There are a lot of credit card processing companies that only offer interchange plus pricing. Context_4 : Tape hiss is the high frequency noise present on analogue magnetic tape recordings caused by the size of the magnetic particles used to make the tape. Effectively it is the noise floor of the recording medium. It can be reduced by the use of finer magnetic particles or by increasing the amount of tape used per second to record a signal. It can also be reduced by increasing the track width of the recording. A 3 dB reduction in hiss occurs for every doubling of the track width. Context_5 : Credit card fraud is a wide-ranging term for theft and fraud committed using or involving a payment card, such as a credit card or debit card, as a fraudulent source of funds in a transaction. The purpose may be to obtain goods without paying, or to obtain unauthorized funds from an account. Credit card fraud is also an adjunct to identity theft. According to the United States Federal Trade Commission, while the rate of identity theft had been holding steady during the mid 2000s, it increased by 21 percent in 2008. However, credit card fraud, that crime which most people associate with ID theft, decreased as a percentage of all ID theft complaints for the sixth year in a row. Context_6 : Postal address verification (also known as address standardization, address validation, address verification and CASS certification) is the process used to check the validity and deliverability of a physical mailing address. According to the United States Postal Service, an address is valid (or mailable) if it is CASS-certified, meaning that it exists within the comprehensive list of mailable addresses in their Address Management System. This is different from the credit card Address Verification System (AVS), which is the method used by credit card processors to authenticate ownership of a credit card by verifying that the account on the credit card matches the billing address on file. Credit card AVS does not determine deliverability of an address. Context_7 : VisionPLUS is a financial software application from First Data Corporation. Originally developed by the Paysys Research and Development Group, this application is mainly used for credit card transaction processing by banks and transaction processing companies, storing and processing credit card, debit card, prepaid, closed end loan accounts and similar financial transactions such as Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Europay, and private label transactions against those accounts. More than 600 million cards around the world are processed on different versions of this application software. Context_8 : The Active Archive Alliance is a trade association that promotes a method of tiered storage which gives the user access to data across a virtual file system that migrates data between multiple storage systems and media types including solid-state drive/flash, hard disk drives, magnetic tape, optical disk, and cloud. The result of an active archive implementation is that data can be stored on the most appropriate media type for the given retention and restoration requirements of that data. This allows less time sensitive or infrequently accessed data to be stored on less expensive media, and eliminates the need for an administrator to manually migrate data between storage systems. Additionally since storage systems such as tape libraries have very low power consumption, the operational expense of storing data in an active archive is greatly reduced. Context_9 : A magnetic stripe card is a type of card capable of storing data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card. The magnetic stripe, sometimes called swipe card or magstripe, is read by swiping past a magnetic reading head. Magnetic stripe cards are commonly used in credit cards, identity cards, and transportation tickets. They may also contain an RFID tag, a transponder device and/or a microchip mostly used for business premises access control or electronic payment. Context_10 : A tape head is a type of transducer used in tape recorders to convert electrical signals to magnetic fluctuations and vice versa. They can also be used to read credit/debit/gift cards because the strip of magnetic tape on the back of a credit card stores data the same way that other magnetic tapes do. Cassettes, reel-to-reel tapes, 8-tracks, VHS tapes, and even floppy disks and modern hard drive disks all use the same principle of physics to store and read back information. The medium is magnetized in a pattern. It then moves at a constant speed over an electromagnet. Since the moving tape is carrying a changing magnetic field with it, it induces a varying voltage across the head. That voltage can then be amplified and connected to speakers in the case of audio, or measured and sorted into '1's and zeroes in the case of digital data. fact_1 : Forrest Corry Parry (July 4, 1921 – December 31, 2005) was the IBM engineer who invented the Magnetic stripe card used for Credit cards and identification badges. fact_2 : A magnetic stripe card is a type of card capable of storing data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card. Answer: Magnetic stripe card

Output: What is the name of this type of credit card capable of storing data by modifying the magnetism of tiny ironbased magnetic particles and invented by Forrest Parry?


Input: Consider Input: Context_1 : Demala diviyan keliya is a two-player abstract strategy board game from Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon. It is a hunt game, and since it uses a triangle board, Demala diviyan keliya is specifically a leopard hunt game (or leopard game). Three tigers are going up against fifteen leopards. The leopards attempt to surround and trap the tigers while the tigers attempt to capture enough of them (usually 7) so that the leopards can not immobilize the tigers. It is unknown how old the game is, but the game was described by H. Parker in his 1909 book "Ancient Ceylon - An Account of the Aborigines and of Part of the Early Civilisation". The game is also known as the Tamil leopards game. In India, it is called Rafaya. Context_2 : Prehistoric Europe is the designation for the period of human presence in Europe before the start of recorded history, beginning in the Lower Paleolithic. As history progresses, considerable regional irregularities of cultural development emerge and increase. The region of the eastern Mediterranean is, due to its geographic proximity, greatly influenced and inspired by the classical Middle Eastern civilizations, and adopts and develops the earliest systems of communal organisation and writing. The Histories of Herodotus (from around 440 BC) is the oldest known European text that seeks to systematically record traditions, public affairs and notable events. In contrast, the European regions furthest away from the ancient centers of civilisation tended to be the slowest, regarding acculturation. In Northern and Eastern Europe in particular, writing and systematic recording was only introduced in the context of Christianization, after 1000 CE. Context_3 : The history of Sabah can be traced back to about 23–30,000 years ago when evidence suggests the earliest human settlement in the region existed. The history is interwoven with the history of Brunei and the history of Malaysia, to which Sabah was previously part of and is currently part of respectively. The earliest recorded history of Sabah being part of any organised civilisation began in the early 15th century during the thriving era of the Sultanate of Brunei. Prior to this, early inhabitants of the land lived in predominantly tribal societies, although such tribal societies had continued to exist until the 1900s. The eastern part of Sabah was ceded to the Sultan of Sulu by the Sultan of Brunei in 1658 for the former helping a victory over Brunei enemies, but many sources stated it had not been ceded at all. By the late 19th century, both territories previously owned by Sultan of Brunei and Sultan of Sulu was granted to British syndicate. Sabah became a protectorate of the United Kingdom in 1888 and subsequently became a crown colony until 1963, during which time it was known as North Borneo. On 16 September 1963, Sabah merged with Malaya, Sarawak and Singapore (left in 1965) to form the Federation of Malaysia. Context_4 : Hundreds of ancient stone religious monuments lie on the island of Java. Known as "candi" in Indonesian, they date from the early classical period of Javanese civilisation, beginning in the first part of the 8th century CE and ending after 900 CE. The majority were built between 780 CE and 860 CE, even though the civilisation that created them existed for many centuries. Context_5 : The distinctive literary styles and themes of Robert E. Howard rely on a combination of many factors. In his fiction, he used devices borrowed from classical and traditional works, as well as formal rhetoric. In his poetry, he used rhythm, stress, and intonation to achieve a sense of motion. Some of his fiction has been described as prose poetry. His works can be distinguished by his use of violence and hate as positive forces in his universe, which can be seen as a part of the American Myth. In keeping with the era in which he worked, a grim and hardboiled theme pervades. The continuing cycle of civilisation and barbarism is highlighted in several works. Although he died before it was formally defined, an existentialism subtext runs through his writing. He was an aesthete and had affinity for romanticism and neo-romanticism, although in this he was out of step with his era. Context_6 : The Sao civilisation flourished in Middle Africa from ca. the sixth century BC to as late as the sixteenth century AD. The Sao lived by the Chari River Around Lake Chad in territory that later became part of Cameroon and Chad. They are the earliest people to have left clear traces of their presence in the territory of modern Cameroon. Sometime around the 16th century, conversion to Islam changed the cultural identity of the former Sao. Today, several ethnic groups of northern Cameroon and southern Chad, but particularly the Sara, Kotoko, claim descent from the civilization of the Sao. Context_7 : Desalpar Gunthli is a village and site belonging to Indus Valley Civilisation located at Nakhtrana Taluka, Kutch District, Gujarat, India. Desalpar is 25 km away from Bhuj. This site is of modest dimensions,(130 m by 100 m ) situated on the northern banks of once depredatory (erosive) stream, Bamu-Chela, an affluent of the Dhrud river. Context_8 : Salt for Svanetia (Georgian: მარილი სვანეთს , Russian: Соль Сванетии ) is a 1930 SovietGeorgian silent documentary film directed by Mikhail Kalatozov. As one of the earliest ethnographic films, it documents the life of the Svan people in the isolated mountain village of Ushguli in Svanetia, in the northwestern part of the Georgian Soviet Republic. Containing some propaganda, the climax of the film shows how a Soviet built road connects the previously isolated mountain village to Soviet civilisation. Many of the scenes of the film were staged, and the authenticity of some scenes has been disputed by the Svan people. Context_9 : The Baptism of Lithuania is an 1888 oil on canvas painting by the Polish artist Jan Matejko, showing the conversion of Lithuania (then a Grand Duchy) to Christianity and the baptism of the Boyar princes and people before the temple of the pagan god Perkunas on Holy Saturday 1387. It forms part of the artist's series "The History of Civilisation in Poland". Context_10 : The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) or Harappan Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India. Along with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilisations of the Old World, and of the three, the most widespread fact_1 : Desalpar Gunthli is a village and site belonging to Indus Valley Civilisation located at Nakhtrana Taluka, Kutch District, Gujarat, India. fact_2 : The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) or Harappan Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India. Answer: 3300–1300 BCE

Output: When did the civilisation start that Desalpar Gunthli was a part of?


Input: Consider Input: Context_1 : Freguesia de Nossa Senhora de Fátima is the northernmost and largest freguesia (parish) in Macau Peninsula, Macau. It has an area of 2.7 km2 and a population of 126,000, which constitutes about 40.3% of the peninsula's land mass and one-third of the population. It consists mostly of land reclaimed from the sea,Natural land comprises only a quarter of its current size. It was developed from farmlands in the 1960s and 1970s, to become an industrial area. Forty-one percent of Macau's factories are located in the parish. Context_2 : Freguesia de São Lázaro (English:St. Lazarus Parish) is the smallest parish in Macau, located in the central-east region of the Macau Peninsula. It is surrounded by Freguesia de Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Freguesia de Santo António, and Freguesia da Sé. One-third of its region is covered by Guia Hill (Portuguese: Colina da Guia, Chinese: 松山 or 東望洋山). 3% of factories in Macau are located in the district. Context_3 : Cedrim e Paradela (Portuguese: "União de Freguesia de Cedrim e Paradela") is a parish in Sever do Vouga, Aveiro District, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 1,554, in an area of 18.37 km². Context_4 : Macau Peninsula is the most populous and historic part of Macau. It has an area of 8.5 km² (4 x ) and is geographically connected to Guangdong province, at the northeast, through an isthmus 200 m wide. The peninsula, together with the city centre of Zhuhai, sits on an island separated from the continent by distributaries of the Pearl River. The Border Gate (; Portuguese: "Portas do Cerco" ) was built on the northern isthmus. At the south, the peninsula is connected to Taipa Island by three bridges, the Friendship Bridge ("Ponte de Amizade"); the Macau-Taipa Bridge ("Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho"); and the Sai Van Bridge ("Ponte de Sai Van"). The longest axis extends 4 km from the Border Gate to the southwestern edge, Barra (媽閣嘴). There is a western Inner Harbour (內港), and an eastern Outer Harbour (外港). The 93 m Guia Hill (松山) is the highest point on the peninsula, which is, on an average, 50 to . Many coastal places are reclaimed from sea. The Historic Centre of Macau, which is entirely in the Macau Peninsula, became a World Heritage Site in 2005. Context_5 : Interments (felo de se) Act 1882 (45 & 46 Vict c 19) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Before this Act, a person found felo de se could be buried in a churchyard only between 9 and 12pm, and without rites. This Act sanctioned burial at any hour, and with the usual rites. Context_6 : Freguesia de São Lourenço is a parish of Macau. It is located in the southwestern of Macau Peninsula and named after Lawrence of Rome. Context_7 : Freguesia de Santo António is a freguesia on the western portion of the Macau Peninsula. It has the highest population density in Macau (98,776 persons per km²). The entire area is reclaimed from the sea. Context_8 : Freguesia da Sé is a southeast freguesia of the Macau Peninsula. It is the second largest peninsular district in Macau after Freguesia de Nossa Senhora de Fátima. The freguesia area is named for "Igreja da Sé". Context_9 : Coloane, officially Freguesia de São Francisco Xavier, is one of the two main islands of the Macau. The island is located directly south of Macau's other main island, Taipa (氹仔), and east of Hengqin Island of Zhuhai in Guangdong province, China. Context_10 : Taipa is an island in Macau, presently united by an artificial landfill to the island of Coloane. Administratively, Taipa constitutes a "freguesia" (civil parish) named Freguesia de Nossa Senhora do Carmo. fact_1 : Freguesia da Sé is a southeast freguesia of the Macau Peninsula. fact_2 : Macau Peninsula is the most populous and historic part of Macau. fact_3 :  It has an area of 8.5 km² (4 x ) and is geographically connected to Guangdong province, at the northeast, through an isthmus 200 m wide. Answer: 8.5 km²


Output: What is the area of this historic part of Macau, where Freguesia de Se is a southeast freguesia?