Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[Q]: Substaging of T1 bladder tumors into T1a and T1b based on invasion of the tumor superficial to and beyond the muscularis mucosa has been assigned prognostic significance. We determined whether outcomes after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) differ between stage T1a and T1b subcategories.', 'Retrospective pathological evaluation of the initial transurethral resection specimens of stage T1 bladder tumors was performed by 2 pathologists. Grade 1, 2 or 3 and stage T1a or T1b were assigned to each case. Followup was from the date of transurethral resection to date of death or the last visit. Kaplan-Meier probability and log rank test were used to evaluate recurrence and progression.', 'Substaging was performed in 49 of the 55 patients (89%) with stage T1 disease. Disease was stage T1a in 32 (65%), stage T1b in 17 (35%), grade 3 in 45 (92%) and grade 2 in 4 (8%) cases. Maximum followup was 147 months (median 71) and 28 cases had a minimum of 5 years of followup. Recurrence was noted in 33 cases (67.3%), including 22 stage T1a (69%) and 11 stage T1b (65%), at a median followup of 11.3 and 8.6 months, respectively. Progression to a higher stage of disease was recorded in 12 cases (24.4%), including 7 (22%) stage T1a and 5 (29%) stage T1b, at a median followup of 108 and 120 months, respectively. The difference between T1a and T1b subcategories was not statistically significant in regard to recurrence-free (p = 0.7203) and progression-free (p = 0.574) outcomes.
[A]: 1


[Q]: To investigate the potential of specific angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT1) receptor blockade to modify the mesenteric hemodynamic response to acute hypovolemia and retransfusion.', 'Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study.', 'University-affiliated animal research laboratory.', 'Fasted, anesthetized, ventilated, juvenile domestic pigs of both sexes.', 'Acute, graded hypovolemia by 20% and 40% of the total estimated blood volume followed by retransfusion in control animals (CTRL; n = 10) and animals pretreated with the AT1 receptor blocker candesartan (CAND; n = 10).', 'Invasive monitoring of arterial and central venous blood pressures, cardiac output, portal venous blood flow, and jejunal mucosal blood flow. Blood gases were repeatedly analyzed to calculate oxygen delivery and consumption. Thirty minutes after each level of hypovolemia at 20% and 40%, cardiac output was decreased in CTRL animals from a baseline of 2.9 +/- 0.1 to 1.8 +/- 0.2 and 1.1 +/- 0.2 L/min, with no differences compared with CAND animals. Cardiac output was restored to 3.0 +/- 0.3 L/min 30 mins after retransfusion in CTRL animals, with no significant intergroup differences. Baseline portal venous blood flow (Q(MES)) and jejunal mucosal perfusion (PU(JEJ)) were greater in CAND animals compared with CTRL animals. During graded hypovolemia, CAND animals maintained Q(MES) and PU(JEJ) at significantly higher levels compared with CTRL animals, particularly after 40% hemorrhage (+221% and + 244%, respectively, relative to the mean values in CTRL animals). The same pattern was observed after retransfusion. Moreover, the calculated mesenteric critical oxygen delivery was significantly greater in CTRL animals (74 mL/min) compared with CAND animals (34 mL/min). No animals died in the CAND group, whereas four animals died during 40% hypovolemia or retransfusion in the CTRL group.
[A]: 1


[Q]: After aortic valve replacement, the effects of a small functional prosthesis on the extent and pattern of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and on clinical outcomes may be less significant in older patients with low cardiac output requirements. The objective of this study was therefore to determine whether patient-prosthesis mismatch affects left ventricular mass regression in the elderly.', 'The population studied was made up of 88 patients over 65 years of age with pure aortic stenosis who underwent mechanical aortic valve replacement. The effective orifice area index was calculated for each patient on the basis of the projected prosthesis in vivo effective orifice area. It was considered a continuous variable and influence of its entire range of values on the extent of left ventricular mass regression was analyzed in a multivariate prediction model.', 'Even though, in the group with prosthesis-patient mismatch there was a trend for lower postoperative left ventricular mass index (115+/-24 g/m(2) vs 102+/-27 g/m(2), p=0.24) and postoperative peak trans-prosthetic gradients (32+/-9.8 mmHg vs 28.9+/-7.79 mmHg, p=0.35) these differences were not statistically significant. The prevalence of residual left ventricular hypertrophy at follow-up was 50% in the group with patient-prosthesis mismatch and 50% in the group without patient-prosthesis mismatch (p=0.83). In multivariate analysis the only factors associated with indexed left ventricular mass were the follow-up time (p=0.015, r(2)=0.22) and preoperative indexed left ventricular mass (p=0.0012, r(2)=0.11).
[A]:
1