TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
PROBLEM: The present analyses intend to clarify if gender and puberty modify the relationship between bone development (modeling and remodeling) and fat mass at the forearm.', 'Data were collected from participants (139 males, 157 females, age = 5-19 years) of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study in a cross-sectional investigation. The main outcome measures were total and trabecular bone mineral density (BMDtot and BMDtrab), strength strain index (SSI) and parameters associated with modeling (cortical area, CA; periosteal circumference, CP) and remodeling (cortical bone mineral density, BMDcort, endosteal circumference, CE) were analyzed in their relationship to cross-sectional fat (FA) and muscle area (MA) at the forearm.', 'BMDtot was correlated with FA in pubertal males (r = -0.25). BMDtrab was contrarily predicted by FA in pubertal males and females (r = -0.28 vs. 0.31). FA was correlated with BMDcort (r = -0.32) and CE (r = 0.26) in pubertal females. MA was positively correlated with CA, CP and SSI.

SOLUTION: 1

PROBLEM: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process where cells lose their epithelial features and acquire properties of typical mesenchymal cells. The dissociation of tumor cells due to changes in cell-cell adhesion is one of the key principles of tumor invasion and EMT. Thus, the knowledge of the molecular features of EMT in keratocyst odontogenic tumor (KOT) can provide useful markers to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis and perhaps contribute to an alternative therapeutic approach as it shows an aggressive clinical behavior and high recurrence rates. This study aimed to evaluate the EMT in KOT by the immunoexpression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, and Slug and comparing to radicular cysts and dental follicles.', 'Thirty-two KOTs, 15 radicular cysts, and 08 dental follicles were used for immunohistochemistry, evaluating the extent, intensity, labeling pattern, cellular compartment in the epithelium and stroma, and the presence of inflammation.', 'E-cadherin was preserved in most cases of keratocystic odontogenic tumor. N-cadherin was increased in the tumor epithelium, a result that was positively correlated with the heterogeneous and nuclear immunoexpression of Slug in the epithelium; Slug also correlated with high Snail immunoexpression. N-cadherin was positively correlated with Slug in the stroma of keratocystic odontogenic tumors.

SOLUTION: 0

PROBLEM: We hypothesized that atherosclerosis inhibits NO-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation of coronary arterioles through interaction of ox-LDL with its receptor, LOX-1, through the production of O2ÿ- in endothelial cells.', 'We assessed the role of ox-LDL in endothelial dysfunction in a murine model of atherosclerosis (ApoE KO mice). Coronary arterioles from WT control and ApoE KO mice were isolated and pressurized without flow. Although dilation of vessels to endothelium-independent vasodilator SNP was not altered between ApoE KO and WT mice, dilation to the endothelium-dependent agonist, ACh was reduced in ApoE KO versus WT mice. Impaired vasodilation to ACh in ApoE KO mice is partially restored by NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, apocynin or DPI. Messenger RNA expression for NAD(P)H oxidases was higher in ApoE KO mice than that in WT and anti-LOX-1 treated ApoE KO mice. Anti-LOX-1, given in vivo, restored NO-mediated coronary arteriolar dilation in ApoE KO mice, but did not affect the endothelium-dependent vasodilation in controls.

SOLUTION:
0