Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the four dengue viruses (DENV-1 to 4) that can also be transmitted by blood transfusion and organ transplantation. The distribution of DENV in the components of blood from infected donors is poorly understood.', 'We used an in-house TaqMan qRT-PCR assay to test residual samples of plasma, cellular components of whole blood (CCWB), serum and clot specimens from the same collection from blood donors who were DENV-RNA-reactive in a parallel blood safety study. To assess whether DENV RNA detected by TaqMan was associated with infectious virus, DENV infectivity in available samples was determined by culture in mosquito cells.', 'DENV RNA was detected by TaqMan in all tested blood components, albeit more consistently in the cellular components; 78.8% of CCWB, 73.3% of clots, 86.7% of sera and 41.8% of plasma samples. DENV-1 was detected in 48 plasma and 97 CCWB samples while DENV-4 was detected in 21 plasma and 31 CCWB samples. In mosquito cell cultures, 29/111 (26.1%) plasma and 32/97 (32.7%) CCWB samples were infectious. A subset of samples from 29 donors was separately analyzed to compare DENV viral loads in the available blood components. DENV viral loads did not differ significantly between components and ranged from 3-8 log10 PCR-detectable units/ml.

A: Does distribution of Dengue Virus type 1 and 4 in Blood Components from Infected Blood Donors from Puerto Rico?
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Q: Islet function is regulated by islet autonomic nerves. These nerves harbour not only the classical neurotransmitters, acetyl choline and noradrenaline, but also neuropeptides. This study examined whether the neuropeptides, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and gastrin releasing polypeptide (GRP) contribute to the regulation of insulin secretion in model experiments by using receptor gene deleted mice.', 'Anaesthetized mice with genetic deletion of one of the PACAP receptors (PAC1 receptors) or one of the GRP receptors (GRP receptor) or their wildtype counterparts were given glucose through a gastric gavage (150 mg) or intravenously (0.25, 0.50 or 1 g/kg). Blood samples were taken regularly during the following 120 min (after gastric glucose) or at 1 min (after intravenous glucose) for analysis of glucose and insulin.', 'The insulin response to gastric glucose was suppressed by 66% in PAC1 receptor gene deleted mice in association with impaired glucose elimination, whereas the insulin response to intravenous glucose was impaired by 36% only. The insulin response to glucose was suppressed in GRP receptor gene deleted mice by 24% together with impaired glucose elimination, whereas the insulin response to intravenous glucose was not significantly suppressed.

A: Is the insulin response to gastric glucose reduced in PAC1 and GRP receptor gene deleted mice?
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Q: Human skeletal muscles express three major myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms: MyHCIIx (MYH1) in fast type 2B muscle fibers, MyHCIIa (MYH2) in fast type 2A fibers and MyHCI/β-cardiac MyHC (MYH7) in slow type I skeletal fibers and cardiac ventricles. In line with its expression pattern, MYH7 mutations have been reported in association with hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathies or a combination of both. We analyzed the clinical and molecular phenotype of two unrelated families of Jewish Moroccan ancestry that presented with apparently autosomal dominant inheritance of progressive Laing-like distal myopathy with non-specific myopathic changes, but uncommon marked contractures and wasting of the neck extensors.', 'Clinical phenotyping, whole exome sequencing and restriction analysis, generation of mutants followed by cell culture transfection and imaging.', 'Using whole exome sequencing we identified in both families two novel heterozygous proline substitutions located in exon 31 of MYH7 within its rod domain: c.4309G>C (p.Ala1437Pro) and c.4301G>C (p.Arg1434Pro). Here we show that the phenotype caused by these mutations includes marked cervical muscle contracture, and report that the severity of the phenotype varies significantly, to the extent of non-penetrance in one of the families. Finally, we provide evidence that both proline substitutions impair myosin self-assembly in non-muscle cells transfected with β-myosin constructs carrying the mutations, but do not prevent incorporation of the mutant molecules into the sarcomere.

A:
Do two novel MYH7 proline substitutions cause Laing Distal Myopathy-like phenotypes with variable expressivity and neck extensor contracture?
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