In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[Q]: Context: This study was conducted to determine if there was an increase in the urinary excretion of fluoride, after the use of fluoride mouth rinses in children.', 'The sample consisted of 58 children aged 5-8 years, randomly selected, residents in non-fluoridated water areas. Urine samples were collected prior to mouthwash and also 2 hours after use. The control sample, which received no treatment, consisted of 16 children of equivalent age and from the same community. Urinary excretion of fluoride was analysed by determining the pH, creatinine, F- ion and fluoride (mg)/creatinine (g) (F/Cr) ratio in urine. Results In the studied sample, the mean F/Cr ratio before fluoride mouth rinse was 0.26 mg/g and it rose to 1.58 mg/g 2 hours after mouth rinse. This difference of 1.33 mg/g was statistically highly significant (p<.001). In the control group no significant changes occurred. The average 2 hours afterward F/Cr ratios were 0.29 and 0.27 respectively (p=0.426).\Question: Does renal excretion of fluoride after fluoride mouth rinse in children?
[A]: After the use of a fluoride mouthwash, in children, there is a statistically significant increase of fluoride ion in urine, which can be attributed to the application of this product.


[Q]: Context: The CARD14 gene encodes a protein that enhances nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and the upregulation of proinflammatory pathway genes. CARD14 is upregulated in psoriatic vs. normal skin, and rare and common CARD14 variants have been associated with the risk of developing psoriasis. Our hypothesis was that CARD14 variants could also influence the response to antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies among patients with psoriasis.', 'To determine whether CARD14 gene variants were linked to a significant positive anti-TNF response in patients with psoriasis.', 'DNA from 116 patients with psoriasis was subjected to next-generation sequencing of the CARD14 gene. All of the patients were nonresponders or had contraindications to conventional systemic treatments.', 'A reduction of at least 75% in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) at week 24 was considered a positive response to treatment. In total 116 patients (79 responders and 37 nonresponders) were next-generation sequenced, and we identified five nucleotide variants that would result in missense amino acid changes. These variants were determined in all of the patients, and allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the two groups. We found a significantly higher frequency of rs11652075 CC (p.Arg820Trp) among the group with a positive response (P = 0.01, odds ratio 3.71, 95% confidence interval 1.30-10.51). Furthermore, among responders, six patients were heterozygous carriers of the rare p.Glu422Lys variant, and two patients were heterozygous for p.Arg682Trp (P = 0.04).\Question: Do common and rare CARD14 gene variants affect the antitumour necrosis factor response among patients with psoriasis?
[A]: The common CARD14 p.Arg820Trp variant might have a significant effect on the response to anti-TNF therapies among patients with psoriasis. In addition, rare CARD14 missense variants could also predispose to a better response.


[Q]: Context: To study further the temporal clustering of ankylosing enthesopathy (AE) noted originally during a study of the influence of mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) H-2 and transgenic HLA-B27 on the frequency of AE.', 'The relationship between maternal age at littering and frequency of AE was analysed.', 'Mice born to mothers aged eight months or older had a significantly lower disease frequency of AE than mice born to mothers younger than eight months of age. This phenomenon was observed in three independent cohorts evaluated to date (p < 0.01, 0.025, and 0.05).\Question: Does maternal age influence risk for HLA-B27 associated ankylosing enthesopathy in transgenic mice?
[A]:
Maternal age is a novel, non-genetic risk factor as defined in relation to an MHC associated enthesopathy. Its mode of action and relevance to human disease require further investigation.