Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Example Input: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is one of the key strategies for the improvement of survival in pancreatic cancer; however, no method to predict the response has yet been established. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the predictive value of REG4, a new member of the regenerating (REG) islet-derived family of proteins.', 'Stably REG4-expressing cells were established from a pancreatic cancer cell line and exposed in vitro to gamma-ray or gemcitabine to investigate the relevance of REG4 to the resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In 23 patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, the serum concentration of REG4 was measured before preoperative chemoradiotherapy, and the histologic response was evaluated after the surgery.', 'A 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and fluorescence activated cell scanning (FACS) revealed that REG4-overexpressing cells were resistant to gamma-radiation but showed a modest resistance to gemcitabine. The patients with a higher REG4 level, but not carcinoembryonic antigen or CA-19-9, showed an unfavorable histologic response to chemoradiotherapy (Spearman, rho = 0.439, P = 0.039). The patients showing a higher REG4 level experienced local recurrence postoperatively.
Example Output: 1

Example Input: The colonization of burn wounds by Pseudomonas aeruginosa can lead to septic shock, organ injuries, and high mortality rates. We hypothesized that negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) would decrease invasion and proliferation of P. aeruginosa within the burn wound and reduce mortality.', 'Thermal injuries were induced in anesthetized mice, and P. aeruginosa was applied to the wound surface for 24 h. After removing the burn eschar and debridement, the animals were subjected to either NPWT or wet-to-dry (WTD) treatment protocols. The bacterial loads on the wound surface were assessed during 7 d of treatment, as were the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood samples. Survival was monitored daily for 14 d after burn induction. Finally, samples of wounded skin, lung, liver, and kidney were collected and subjected to histopathological examination.', 'Applying P. aeruginosa to the burn wound surface led to sepsis. During early stages of treatment, NPWT reduced the mortality of the septic animals and levels of P. aeruginosa within the burn wound compared with WTD-treated animals. Circulating levels of cytokines and cytoarchitectural abnormalities were also significantly reduced via NPWT.
Example Output: 0

Example Input: Evodiamine is one of active alkaloids isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham and has various pharmacological properties. In this study, we investigated its effects on the migration, invasion, and associated mechanism in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells.', 'Cell viability was determined by MTT assay after evodiamine treatment. Wound-healing assay and Boyden transwell system were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of evodiamine on cell migration and invasion. MMP-2/9 activity was determined using commercial detection kits. The levels of associated proteins involved in the regulation of cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Western blotting.', 'Evodiamine effectively inhibited the migration and invasion of HONE1 and CNE1 cells, and hardly affected cell proliferation, but significantly suppressed cell adhesion activity in vitro. Additionally, evodiamine treatment significantly decreased mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2 and its activity in the NPC cells, but had little effects on MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels and its activity. Further investigation revealed that evodiamine inhibited the translocation of NF-κB p65, which involves the regulation of MMP-2 expression in cancer invasion. Additionally, evodiamine treatment did not significantly affect the protein levels of JNK, p38, Akt, and their phosphorylated forms and ERK1/2, but strongly attenuated ERK1/2 phosphorylation level, which at least partly accounts for the signal pathway of evodiamine-inhibited migration and invasion of NPC cells.
Example Output:
1