In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

This ruler faced a scandal when Amy Robsart, the wife of Robert Dudley, died by falling down some stairs. This ruler was dubbed a "servant of crime" and excommunicated in the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis, a response to the passage of the Second Act of Supremacy. Anthony Babington's plan to assassinate this ruler was uncovered by spymaster Francis Walsingham. This ruler ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots and sent Francis Drake to defeat the Spanish Armada. For 10 points, name this Tudor monarch, the "Virgin Queen" of England.
History

He gave the example of a chicken which comes to expect a never-ending source of food as it is fattened up only to one day then be slaughtered in a work which refuted inductive reasoning as a source of absolute certainty. In another of his works, he regards one of the titular activities as a Catholic practice designed to prevent incest, leading to his expulsion from a teaching post. In addition to The Problem of Philosophy and Marriage and Morals, he wrote The Scientific Outlook and delivered the Mans Peril broadcast on BBC. Jean-Paul Sartre attended his tribunal, where he exposed American atrocities in Vietnam, years after his winning the Nobel prize in 1950 for literature. His most famous work developed the theory of types in mathematical logic. For ten points, name this philosopher who wrote Principia Mathematica along with Alfred North Whitehead.
Social Science

As a youth, this man nearly gave in to his passions with his neighbor, a Strozzi exile. A sermon at Faenza reaffirmed his faith, and upon leaving his hometown he began to recite the prayer "Lord! Teach me the way my soul should walk" daily. He levied a tax known as "la decima" and wrote the tract "Contempt of the World" while studying at the University of Ferrara. This author of The Triumph of the Cross took advantage of the period following Charles VIII's invasion to gain authority by ousting the Medicis. Opposed by the Arrabbiati, he was excommunicated by Alexander VI, potentially for an action he committed against what he called "immoral art". For 10 points, name this Dominican friar who, in 1497, ordered a burning of various books and art in the Bonfire of the Vanities.

History