Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Mutations of the caspase-activating recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) gene on chromosome 16 are associated with chronic inflammatory granulomatous bowel disease (Crohn's disease). Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease with unknown etiology, which shares histological features with Crohn's disease.", 'To evaluate whether ethnic Danes with sarcoidosis have an increased frequency of CARD15 mutations compared to healthy control subjects.', 'Genotyping for CARD15 mutations R702W, G908R, and L1007fsinsC, also designated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) SNP8, SNP12 and SNP13, respectively, were performed by capillary electrophoresis single-strand confirmation polymorphism in 53 patients with histologically verified sarcoidosis and in 103 healthy controls.', 'The frequencies of CARD15 mutations in sarcoidosis patients were: SNP8, 4/106 chromosomes (3.8%); SNP12, 2/106 chromosomes (1.9%); SNP13, 2/106 chromosomes (1.9%); SNP8+SNP12+SNP13, 8/106 chromosomes (7.6%). All 8 patients were heterozygous. The frequencies in controls were: SNP8, 9/206 chromosomes (4.4%); SNP12, 2/206 chromosomes (1.0%); SNP13, 4/206 chromosomes (1.9%); SNP8+SNP12+SNP13, 15/206 chromosomes (7.3%). All controls were heterozygous. The differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Furthermore, the course of disease was not significantly different in the 8 patients with CARD15 mutations and the 45 patients without mutations.
Answer: The frequency of CARD15 mutations is not increased in ethnic Danish patients with sarcoidosis, and heterozygosity for such mutations apparently has no influence on the course of disease.
Are cARD15 single nucleotide polymorphisms 8 , 12 and 13 increased in ethnic Danes with sarcoidosis?

Context: 99mTc-HMPAO is a well-established isotope useful in the detection of regional cerebral blood flow. Diabetes gives rise to arterial atherosclerotic changes that can lead to significant end organ dysfunction, prominently affecting perfusion to the heart, kidneys, eyes and brain. In the current study, we investigated the role of 99mTc-HMPAO cerebral perfusion scans in detecting early vascular changes in the diabetic brain.', 'Cerebral perfusion studies were performed on both control and streptozotocin-(STZ) induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Rat brain imaging using a gamma camera was performed for each group 0.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post 99mTc-HMPAO injection. Data processing for each cerebral perfusion scan was performed by drawing a region of interest (ROI) circumferentially around the brain (B). Background (BKG) due to signal from the soft tissue of each rat was subtracted. Brain 99mTc-HMPAO uptake minus background counts (net brain counts; NBC) were then compared between the two groups.', 'The NBC (mean +/- SD) for the STZ group were statistically significantly higher (p = 0.0004) than those of the control group at each of the time points studied.
Answer: 99mTc-HMPAO brain scan may be useful in the detection of early atherosclerotic changes in the diabetic rat brain.
Does perfusion scanning using 99mTc-HMPAO detect early cerebrovascular changes in the diabetic rat?

Context: Matrix Metalloproteinase-26 (MMP-26) is the smallest member of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family that functions mainly in the extracellular milieu to cleave the extracellular matrix proteins. It is expressed in various cell types of placenta, but its function in placentation has been poorly understood. Considering the existence of a unique cysteine switch sequence in MMP-26 protein sequence, as well as the evidence in cancer cells indicating the digestion of the NH2-terminal domain of ERβ by MMP-26, we hypothesize that MMP-26 may have specific intracellular activity in human placental trophoblast cells.', 'This study aimed to identify the intracellular binding partners of MMP-26 and investigate how MMP-26 is involved in placentation through the interactions with its partners.', 'Yeast two-hybrid system was employed to screen potential binding partners of MMP-26 in human placenta. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to verify the interactions between MMP-26 and the binding partners. HEK293T and HTR8/SVneo cell lines were used as in vitro models to investigate the roles of the interaction between MMP-26 and its binding partner on cell behaviors.', 'RESULTS of yeast two-hybrid assay, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence assays revealed that MMP-26 could bind to growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in the intracellular milieu. The binding of MMP-26 to GDF15 was responsible for the processing and maturation of pro-GDF15, and the process was dependent on the enzymatic activity of MMP-26. In human placental trophoblast cells, MMP-26 could facilitate the pro-apoptotic effect of GDF15.
Answer: This is the first report to demonstrate the physiological function of placental MMP-26 in processing GDF15 and subsequently promoting trophoblast cell apoptosis. These findings expand our understanding of the working mechanism of the metalloproteinase in the process of placentation.

Does maturation of growth differentiation factor 15 in human placental trophoblast cells depend on the interaction with Matrix Metalloproteinase-26?