Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Pathological evidence supports a potential role of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine network in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, associated studies suggest a possible involvement of cytokine-related genes in IBD susceptibility. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL10) gene on ulcerative colitis (UC).', 'Two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (-1082 G/A, -819 T/C) in the IL10 promoter in 203 Italian sporadic UC patients and 391 controls were determined using high-resolution melting analysis.', 'The frequency of the -1082A allele was significantly higher in the UC patients than in controls (p=0.00003); -1082 genotype frequencies were also significantly different between UC patients and controls (p=0.0001). Allele and genotype frequencies of -819 T/C were not significantly associated with UC. Furthermore, the frequencies of haplotypes -1082A/-819C and -1082A/-819T, which have been reported to have a lower promoter activity, were significantly higher in UC patients than in controls (p=0.0004). After gender stratification, we found a significant difference in the -1082A allele (p=0.00004) and genotype (p=0.0002) frequencies only between female UC patients and controls; the same result was obtained for the -1082A/-819C and -1082A/-819T haplotypes (p=0.0006).

A: Do interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms influence susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in a gender-specific manner?
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Q: We investigated the clinical significance of GALNT4 expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.', 'Enrolled in this study were 104 patients treated with curative nephrectomy at Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai during 2004. Of the cohort 23 patients died of disease, 33 experienced recurrence and 3 died of another cause. GALNT4 density was assessed by immunohistochemistry in patient specimens. Univariate and multivariate Cox models, and ROC analysis were used to analyze the impact of prognostic factors on overall and relapse-free survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log rank test was done to compare clinical outcomes between subgroups.', 'Intratumor GALNT4 expression was significantly lower than peritumor expression. Low GALNT4 expression was associated with poor overall and relapse-free survival (p = 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). Intratumor GALNT4 expression, which negatively correlated with tumor size (p = 0.032), necrosis (p\xa0=\xa00.013) and TNM stage (p = 0.017), was an independent prognostic indicator for overall and relapse-free survival (HR 3.088, p = 0.020 and 2.173, p = 0.047, respectively). Extending the TNM staging system according to GALNT4 expression showed a better prognostic value for overall and relapse-free survival (AUC 0.786, p = 0.029 and 0.761, p = 0.040, respectively).

A: Does gALNT4 predict clinical outcome in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma?
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Q: Side effects of mitotane (o,p'-DDD) have suggested estrogenic effects.", "The objective of the study was to explore o,p'-DDD potential estrogenic effect on SHBG and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG).", 'Human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2), lacking estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, and Hep89, stably transfected by ERalpha, were used.', 'The study was conducted at an academic research laboratory and medical center.', 'The study included 10 male patients with recurrent adrenal carcinoma, receiving mitotane (4-6.5 g daily) for more than 6 months.', 'The main outcome measures were SHBG/CBG mRNA levels measured by real-time PCR, culture medium SHBG/CBG concentrations measured by specific immunoassays, and transient transfection experiments with human SHBG proximal promoter reporter constructs.', "Increased serum SHBG and CBG concentrations, which exceeded normal male limits, were observed in most mitotane-treated patients. In the HepG2 cell line, 17beta-estradiol (E2) or o,p'-DDD treatment had no effect on mRNA or SHBG/CBG concentrations. In contrast, in the Hep89 cell line, E2 increased concentrations of SHBG (r = 0.44, P < 0.0001) and CBG (r = 0.585, P < 0.0001) secreted into culture media in a dose-dependent manner. o,p'-DDD significantly increased SHBG (150% vs. control, P < 0.05) and CBG (184% vs. control, P < 0.05) production by Hep89 cells, at a concentration of 2 x 10(-5) m. Transient transfection experiments in Hep89 cells showed that E2 or o,p'-DDD treatment did not increase the transcriptional activity of the minimal proximal promoter of human SHBG gene.

A:
Does mitotane have an estrogenic effect on sex hormone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin in humans?
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