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Q: BRUSSELS/MADRID/BARCELONA (Reuters) - Sacked Catalonia leader Carles Puigdemont and four associates turned themselves in to Belgian police on Sunday  following Spainâs issuing of an arrest warrant for rebellion and sedition.
FILE  PHOTO - Sacked Catalan President Carles Puigdemont  makes a statement in this still image from video calling for the release of "the legitimate government of Catalonia"  after a Spanish judge ordered nine Catalan secessionist leaders to be held in custody pending a potential trial over the region's independence push  in Brussels  Belgium  November 2  2017. TV3 via REUTERS TV
All are wanted by Madrid for actions related to the push for the regionâs secession from Spain.  Puigdemont  has become the public face of that move for independence.
 Puigdemont  traveled to Belgium shortly after Madrid took control. On Sunday morning   Puigdemont  and four of his former councillors presented themselves to police in Brussels.

A: Sacked Catalonia leader turns himself in polls show independence strength
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Q: What now? Mrs Merkel will meet with Frank-Walter Steinmeier  Germanyâs federal president  this morning to discuss next steps. Four possible outcomes present themselves. The FDP might be coaxed back to the negotiating table by plausible concessions from the CDU  CSU and Greens. But do not count on it. Mr Lindnerâs language was ominously final. And the Greens (seemingly the main target of FDP recrimination) declared that they had reached their âpain thresholdâ and could not budge another centimetre.
The second possibility is a new âgrand coalitionâ marrying the CDU/CSU and the centre-left Social Democrats (SDP)  who together have a workable majority in the Bundestag. But the SPD has strenuously ruled out the option. Having lost distinctiveness and votes in partnership with  Mrs Merkel    its  leaders and activists fear another spin with the chancellor could do their party terminal damage. Perhaps  just perhaps   Mrs Merkel   the media and Germanyâs European partners can persuade them to take the risk. But months after its worst election result in post-war German history  the SPD will most probably reject the overtures.
In the absence of a viable majority government   Mrs Merkel  could form a minority one  concocting vote-by-vote majorities in the Bundestag. This might combine the CDU/CSU with the FDP  its traditional governing partner (together they would be 29 seats short of a majority). But a more natural fit would now be a black-green coalition with the Greens (42 seats short of a majority). Last night each side found generous words for the other  and they were as one in their contempt for the FDP. At federal level post-war Germany has witnessed no minority administrations  though one ran North-Rhine Westphalia  the countryâs largest state  from 2010 to 2012. Such governments are alien both to the stable  long-termist ways of the German state and to  Mrs Merkelâs  plodding leadership style. How long one would even last in the current circumstances is unclear.
That leaves the fourth  most drastic option: new elections. The route is not as simple as it sounds. Unlike some other European parliaments  the Bundestag cannot just dissolve itself (a legacy of Weimar-era instability) and as  Mrs Merkel  has not yet been reinstalled as chancellor  she  cannot call a straight confidence vote. Instead Mr Steinmeier must nominate a candidate for the job. If  Mrs Merkel  (for  it  would be  she ) failed to win an absolute majority in two successive Bundestag votes  which can be separated by two weeks   she  would go to a third vote at which a simple majority would suffice. Only then could Mr Steinmeier dissolve the Bundestag  triggering a new election within 60 days.
If possible  Germanyâs establishmentâincluding  Mrs Merkel  and Mr Steinmeierâwill seek to avoid new elections. These could most benefit the far-right Alternative for Germany and would not necessarily rupture the deadlock  current polls putting the main parties very close to the results they obtained at the September election. In  her  comments last night  Mrs Merkel  emphasised that  her  party would âtake responsibility for this country  even in difficult timesâ.  She  is determined  in other words  to make the best of the hand the German people dealt  her  in September. Precisely how  she  plans to proceed should become clearer today.
In recent years Germany has been a pillar of stable government in Europe and  Mrs Merkel  a seemingly permanent feature of the landscape (consider that  her  international counterparts when  she  first took office were Jacques Chirac  Tony Blair and George W. Bush). Both of those truths are now  if not dead  then slipping away. The next German government will take months more to emerge and will be distinctly fragile in comparison with its predecessors. The end of the Merkel era has surely begun  though whether it has weeks  months or a short number of years to run is anyoneâs guess. Last nightâs events confirmed Emmanuel Macron as Europeâs top leader while making the French presidentâs grand plans for euro-zone reformâfor which he needs a confident and outward-looking Germanyâyet harder to achieve. The ripples of Mr Lindnerâs doubtful decision will travel far beyond his countryâs borders.

A: Germanyâs preliminary coalition talks collapse
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Q: PRESIDENT OF GERMANY RESIGNS AMID CRITICISM VICTOR HOMOLA CONTRIBUTED REPORTING
 President Horst Kohler of Germany resigned Monday amid a barrage of criticism for remarks he made during a visit to Afghanistan.
 Kohler set off the criticism when he said in an interview with Deutschland Radio  the public broadcasting station  that German soldiers serving in Afghanistan or with other peacekeeping missions were deployed to protect German economic interests.
 His resignation was another blow for Chancellor Angela Merkel  a close friend and an important conservative ally. She had lobbied hard for him to become president  first in 2004 and again in May 2009  and his departure came just a week after another leading conservative politician  Roland Koch  resigned as premier of the state of Hesse  saying he had had enough of politics.
 Merkel said Monday that she regretted Kohler's decision to resign  adding that she had tried to persuade him to change his mind when he phoned her about his decision.
 "I regret that my comments in an important and difficult question for our nation were able to lead to misunderstandings " Kohler said.
 He complained that some critics had suggested he supported military "missions that are not covered by the constitution."
 "This criticism lacks any basis " he said. "It also is lacking in the necessary respect for the presidential office."
 He added  "It was an honor to serve Germany as federal president " then walked off without taking questions.
 Kohler's resignation is certain to lead to a fresh debate over the role of German troops in Afghanistan and in other international missions.
 Denis MacShane  a British Labour legislator and German expert  said that Kohler was only speaking the truth but that German commentators did not want to recognize what he had said.
 "Kohler made the point that German military capability was relevant to German interests  including German economic interests " MacShane said.
 Opposition parties  after roundly criticizing Kohler last week  had only praise for him on Monday.
 Gesine Ltzsch  leader of the Left Party  praised Kohler  saying he was speaking out about why German troops are involved in peacekeeping missions. His resignation showed why a major reassessment of Germany's foreign policy was needed  she said.

A:
PRESIDENT OF GERMANY RESIGNS AMID CRITICISM VICTOR HOMOLA CONTRIBUTED REPORTING
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