Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: We examined the effect of prior heating, by exercise and warm-water immersion, on core cooling rates in individuals rendered mildly hypothermic by immersion in cold water.', 'There were seven male subjects who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) seated rest for 15 min (control); 2) cycling ergometry for 15 min at 70% Vo2 peak (active warming); or 3) immersion in a circulated bath at 40 degrees C to an esophageal temperature (Tes) similar to that at the end of exercise (passive warming). Subjects were then immersed in 7 degrees C water to a Tes of 34.5 degrees C.', 'Initial Tes cooling rates (initial approximately 6 min cooling) differed significantly among the treatment conditions (0.074 +/- 0.045, 0.129 +/- 0.076, and 0.348 +/- 0.117 degrees C x min(-1) for control, active, and passive warming conditions, respectively); however, secondary cooling rates (rates following initial approximately 6 min cooling to the end of immersion) were not different between treatments (average of 0.102 +/- 0.085 degrees C x min(-1)). Overall Tes cooling rates during the full immersion period differed significantly and were 0.067 +/- 0.047, 0.085 +/- 0.045, and 0.209 +/- 0.131 degrees C x min(-1) for control, active, and passive warming, respectively.
Answer: These results suggest that prior warming by both active and, to a greater extent, passive warming, may predispose a person to greater heat loss and to experience a larger decline in core temperature when subsequently exposed to cold water. Thus, functional time and possibly survival time could be reduced when cold water immersion is preceded by whole-body passive warming, and to a lesser degree by active warming.
[A]: Does warming by immersion or exercise affect initial cooling rate during subsequent cold water immersion?


[Q]: Context: We evaluated the impact of impermeable bed covers on asthma in asthmatics with clinically relevant house dust mite (HDM) sensitization.', 'The study included 32 HDM-sensitized asthmatics in whom HDM allergy was considered as a significant factor in their asthma. They were randomized into either an intervention group whose bedding was encased with impermeable covers, or a control group who received cotton covers. Before and 3 and 6 months after encasement, dust samples were collected from the bedding and assayed for Der p 1. Clinical outcomes included quality of life, lung function, bronchial reactivity to methacholine, symptoms, medications and peak flow rates.', 'Baseline Der p 1 levels in both the active and the placebo groups were comparable and high (19.2 vs 18.9 microg/g of dust). There was a significant reduction in Der p 1 levels in the active group after 6 months, but not in the placebo group (7.3 vs 21.9 microg/g of dust). Quality of life improved significantly in both the intervention and control groups, but there was no significant difference in the improvements between the groups. There was no significant change in lung function, symptoms, and requirements for medications.
Answer: Encasement of bedding significantly reduced the Der p 1 levels. However, this was not sufficient to produce worthwhile clinical improvement in those in whom dust mite avoidance might well have been recommended as part of their clinical management.
[A]: Does encasement of bedding improve asthma in atopic adult asthmatics?


[Q]: Context: To simultaneously study the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor and that of a classic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the cartilage of patients with severe knee osteoarthritis (OA) and in cultured human OA chondrocytes.', 'A 3-month clinical trial was carried out on 30 patients with severe knee OA scheduled for knee replacement surgery. Patients were randomized into two groups: patients treated with celecoxib (CBX) and patients treated with aceclofenac (ACF). OA patients who did not want to be treated served as the control group. After surgery, cartilage was processed for molecular biology studies. We also employed cultured chondrocytes from different OA patients to examine NSAID effects on pro-inflammatory gene expression in cells stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1beta.', 'Both CBX and ACF inhibited COX-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) synthesis in the articular cartilage of OA patients. In cultured chondrocytes, both NSAID decreased COX-2 and mPGES-1 synthesis and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release induced by IL-1beta, while no effect was observed on nitric oxide or iNOS synthesis. In OA patients, only CBX decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1beta expression in the cartilage, while both NSAID diminished IL-1beta induced cytokine synthesis in cultured OA chondrocytes.
Answer: Both NSAID diminished PGE2 release and induced a decrease in COX-2 and mPGES-1 synthesis in the cartilage from OA patients and in OA chondrocytes. These data suggest that prolonged therapy with PGE2 blocking agents decreases PGE2 production not only by direct inhibition of COX-2 activity, but also by down-regulating COX-2 and mPGES-1 synthesis in the cartilage. However, CBX and ACF seem to have a different anti-inflammatory profile in controlling pro-inflammatory gene expression in the cartilage.
[A]:
Does long-term NSAID treatment directly decrease COX-2 and mPGES-1 production in the articular cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis?