TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: Occlusion by this astronomical body of Saggitarius Tr-180 suggests that the rate of sublimation from its surface has doubled. That sublimation may have helped to create evaporite deposits such as the Akupara and Rem maculae, which cover a surface of beta-hexagonal ice surrounding the Plain of Abatus. Its changing albedo is believed to couple with gravitational diapirism to produce the cavi of its unique terrane of Bubeme. Perhaps the most interesting surface features occur in its equatorial region, which contains fault-block mountain ranges bounded by the Ho and Lo sulci, indicating a tectonic past, and the geyser plumes Hili and Mahilani, which contribute to its thin atmosphere. FTP, name this moon of Neptune best known for its cryovolcanic eruptions and its retrograde orbit.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: This man's namesake elasticity describes surface tension resistance when a surface is stretched, and can be applied to surface-tension-related mass transfer in an effect named for this man and Marangoni. For a mixture at constant temperature and pressure, the change in the chemical potential of the system can be obtained using an equation named for this man and Duhem. Another equation named for this man is used to calculate the degrees of freedom of a system depending in part on its number of components. For 10 points, name this man with a namesake phase rule and a thermodynamic quantity useful in predicting the spontaneity of a chemical reaction, his free energy.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: This quantity remains constant in a Joule-Thomson process. The van't Hoff equation relates the derivative of the natural log of the equilibrium constant to the change in this quantity, and Gibbs free energy equals this quantity minus the product of temperature and entropy. The change in this quantity can be found by subtracting the (*) heats of formation of the reactants from those of the products, since the change is independent of the reaction path according to Hess's Law. For ten points, identify this thermodynamic quantity, equal to internal energy plus pressure times volume, and symbolized H.

SOLUTION:
Science