instruction:
We would like you to assess the QUALITY of each of the following argument (discussing Gun Control) and determine if the argument is Valid or Invalid. A valid argument is clearly interpretable and either expresses an argument, or a premise or a conclusion that can be used in an argument for the topic of gun control. An invalid argument is a phrase that cannot be interpreted as an argument or not on the topic of gun control.
question:
Lott and Whitley found that not only did such laws not save lives, they cost lives by making it more difficult to have a firearm ready for a sudden emergency.
answer:
Valid


question:
We may therefore conclude that, any reason or purpose for an individual owning a gun, OTHER THAN for a militia, is not provided for under the 2nd Amendment, and that current gun laws for private ownership of guns is mistaken.
answer:
Valid


question:
Which given that even *owning* a handgun is now illegal, is no real surprise.
answer:

Valid