instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
To study the long-term effects of selegiline in monotherapy and in combination with levodopa in the early phase of Parkinson disease (PD).', "One hundred fifty-seven de novo PD patients were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 7 years' duration. In the monotherapy part, selegiline significantly delayed the initiation of levodopa therapy vs placebo. The authors now report the results from the combination part of the study, in which 140 patients received selegiline or placebo in addition to individually tailored levodopa therapy.", 'Compared with placebo, selegiline slowed the progression of disease disability as measured by the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total score (p = 0.003) or by motor (p = 0.002) and Activities of Daily Living (p = 0.0002) subscores. After 5 years in combination therapy, the mean difference in the UPDRS total score was nearly 10 points, with patients receiving placebo having 35% higher scores. Simultaneously, patients receiving placebo needed progressively higher doses of levodopa than patients receiving selegiline; after 5 years, the mean dosage of levodopa was 19% higher with placebo than with selegiline (p = 0.0002). Considering the entire (monotherapy and combination therapy) 7-year study time, there was a trend for selegiline to delay the start of wearing-off fluctuations (hazard ratio 0.55, p = 0.08). In both phases of the study, selegiline was safe and well tolerated.
answer:
Does selegiline slow the progression of the symptoms of Parkinson disease?


question:
We have previously shown that advanced glycation-endproducts (AGEs) induced NFκB activation in differentiated mouse podocytes. This NFκB activation may contribute to the progression of renal disease and mediation of fibrosis by various mechanisms. This study was undertaken to test whether this detrimental response may be reversed by vitamin D3 or its analogue paricalcitol.', 'Differentiated mouse podocytes were challenged with glycated bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA), or non-glycated control BSA (in the presence or absence of various concentrations of vitamin D3 (decostriol, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3)) or its active analog paricalcitol. Quantitative mRNA expressions were measured by real-time PCR, whereas protein expressions were determined by Western blotting followed by densitometry. Cytoplasmic and nuclear protein expression of the NFκB subunit p65 (Rel A) were determined by Western blotting. Furthermore, the ratio of phosphorylated to non-phosphorylated IκB-α was measured using specific antibodies. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and a capture ELISA assay were used to assess NFκB transactivation in vitro. In addition, NFκB transactivation was also monitored in HEK-NFκBIA reporter cells using live cell luminometry.', 'Podocytes expressed the receptor for vitamin D. The vitamins did not suppress receptor for AGEs (RAGE) expression; instead, they rather upregulated RAGE. Although vitamin D3 and paricalcitol partly and differentially modified some of the studied parameters, both hormones inhibited AGE-BSA-induced NFκB transactivation, presumably by various mechanisms including the upregulation of IκB-α protein, keeping NFκB sequestered in an inactive state in the cytoplasm.
answer:
Does vitamin D3 Partly antagonize Advanced-Glycation Endproducts-Induced NFκB Activation in Mouse Podocytes?


question:
To train novices to perform an abbreviated duplex lower limb ultrasound scan using simulation training and assess real-world skills transference.', 'Novices undertook 3 days of simulation training. Their progress was assessed using the Duplex Ultrasound Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (DUOSATS) for simulation and Cumulative Imaging Score (CIS). A final assessment day was held to assess DUOSATS for simulation and real patient scanning, CIS, cumulative diagnostic accuracy, and sections A and B of the Society of Vascular Technology examination. MSc students in vascular ultrasound were also assessed for comparison.', 'A total of 17 novices and 7 MSc students with 3-month training participated. Novices improved DUOSATS for simulation scores between days 1, 3, and 4: 18 (17-19) vs 27 (25-28) vs 30 (28-32), (median [interquartile range], p < 0.001). Novices improved in CIS between days 1 and 3: 10 (10-13) vs 21 (19-21), p < 0.001, with a decline on day 4: 15.3 (11.3-18.3), p < 0.001. On the final assessment day, there were no significant differences between novices and MSc students in: DUOSATS for simulation scores (30 [28-32] vs 31 [6-31.5], p = 0.85); DUOSATS for patient assessment (31 [28.7-33.7] vs 26.7 [24.5-35.7], p = 0.41); CIS (15.3 [11.3-18.7] vs 20.7 [12.3-22.2], p = 0.2), respectively. However, novices performed better in section B of the Society of Vascular Technology examination compared with MSc students (72.9% vs 54.3%, p < 0.001). Novices also demonstrated a higher diagnostic accuracy when compared with MSc students (65.7% of arterial segments correctly assessed vs 47.6%, respectively [p = 0.044]).
answer:

Does intensive Simulation Training in Lower Limb Arterial Duplex Scanning lead to Skills Transfer in Real-World Scenario?