instruction:
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
question:
Context_1 : The 1919–20 PCHA season was the ninth season of the professional men's ice hockey Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) league. Season play ran from December 26, 1919, until March 10, 1920. The season was enlarged to 22 games per team. The Seattle Metropolitans club would place first during the regular season and then won the play-off with Vancouver Millionaires to take the PCHA championship. The Mets then played in the 1920 Stanley Cup Finals series against Ottawa Senators, National Hockey League (NHL) champions. The Senators won the best-of-five series three games to two. Context_2 : Operation Diadem order of battle is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in the fighting on the Winter Line and at the Anzio bridgehead south of Rome during "Operation Diadem" in May - June 1944 which resulted in the Allied breakthrough at Cassino and the breakout at Anzio leading to the capture of Rome. Context_3 : Operation Deckhouse Five was conducted by the United States Marine Corps (USMC) and South Vietnamese Marine Corps forces along the Mekong River Delta. The operation was notable in that it was a sizable, combined USMC and Vietnamese Marine amphibious operation and it was the last Special Landing Force (SLF) amphibious landing to take place beyond the boundaries of I Corps. The operation occurred January 6–15, 1967. Context_4 : Operation Bertram was a major Second World War deception operation practised by the allied forces in Egypt led by Bernard Montgomery in the months leading up to the Second Battle of El Alamein in 1942. Bertram was devised by Dudley Clarke to deceive Erwin Rommel about the timing and location of the allied attack. The operation consisted of physical deceptions using dummies and camouflage, designed and made by the British Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate led by Geoffrey Barkas. These were accompanied by electromagnetic deceptions codenamed "Operation Canwell" using false radio traffic. All of these were planned to make the enemy believe that the attack would take place to the south, far from the coast road and railway, and about two days later than the real attack. Context_5 : Operation Mailfist was a planned Allied offensive to liberate Singapore from Japanese occupation during World War II. It was intended to follow on from the landing in Malaya, Operation Zipper, and take place between December 1945 and March 1946. However, it was not conducted as Japan surrendered shortly before Operation Zipper was to have been launched. Instead, Singapore was re-occupied in the unopposed Operation Tiderace. Context_6 : Operation Diadem, also referred to as the Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino or, in Canada, the Battle of the Liri Valley, was an offensive operation undertaken by the Allies of World War II (U.S. Fifth Army and British Eighth Army in May 1944, as part of the Italian Campaign of World War II. "Diadem" was supported by air attacks called Operation Strangle. The opposing force was the German 10th Army. Context_7 : Operation Undertone was a large assault by the U.S. Seventh and French 1st Armies of the U.S. Sixth Army Group as part of the Allied invasion of Germany in March 1945 during World War II. Context_8 : Operation Mountain Fury was a NATO-led operation begun on September 16, 2006 as a follow-up operation to Operation Medusa, to clear Taliban rebels from the eastern provinces of Afghanistan. Another focus of the operation was to enable reconstruction projects such as schools, health-care facilities, and courthouses to take place in the targeted provinces. Context_9 : An execution model specifies how work takes place. Every programming language has an execution model, which is specified as part of the language specification, and is implemented as part of the language implementation. The details in the specification of an execution model cover things such as what is an indivisible unit of work, and what are the constraints on the order in which those units of work take place. For example, the addition operation is an indivisible unit of work in many languages, and in sequential languages such units of work are constrained to take place one after the other. Context_10 : The Amory Adventure Award is an award in the Canadian Venturer program. Unlike all other awards and badges, for example the Queen's Venturer Award, the Amory Award is only granted to one Venturer company each year. All Venturers who take part in an Amory Award expedition (whether or not they are members of the winning company) receive a participation badge to wear on the uniform. The first-place company's name is recorded on the Amory Adventure Trophy, which the company may keep for nine months. Companies that place first, second, and third each receive a trophy of their own to keep. fact_1 : Operation Undertone was a large assault by the U.S. Seventh and French 1st Armies of the U.S. Sixth Army Group as part of the Allied invasion of Germany in March 1945 during World War II. fact_2 : Operation Diadem, also referred to as the Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino or, in Canada, the Battle of the Liri Valley, was an offensive operation undertaken by the Allies of World War II (U.S. Fifth Army and British Eighth Army in May 1944, as part of the Italian Campaign of World War II. Question: Did Operation Undertone or Operation Diadem take place first?
answer:
Operation Diadem


question:
Context_1 : Ironclad is a 2011 action adventure war film directed by Jonathan English. Written by English and Erick Kastel, based on a screenplay by Stephen McDool, the cast includes James Purefoy, Brian Cox, Kate Mara, Paul Giamatti, Vladimir Kulich, Mackenzie Crook, Jason Flemyng, Derek Jacobi and Charles Dance. The film chronicles the siege of Rochester Castle by King John in 1215. The film was shot entirely in Wales in 2009 and produced on a budget of $25 million. Context_2 : Pintel and Ragetti are recurring characters in the "Pirates of the Caribbean" film series, primarily providing comic relief throughout each film. Pintel is portrayed by Lee Arenberg and Mackenzie Crook portrays Ragetti. Context_3 : Paul James "Mackenzie" Crook (born 29 September 1971) is an English actor, director, comedian and BAFTA-winning writer. He is best known for playing Gareth Keenan in "The Office", Ragetti in the "Pirates of the Caribbean" films, and Orell in the HBO series "Game of Thrones", and is the creator and star of BBC Four's "Detectorists". Context_4 : Monkey Trousers is a television comedy series on ITV first broadcast in 2005, featuring Alistair McGowan, John Thomson, Ronni Ancona, Mackenzie Crook, Griff Rhys Jones, Neil Morrissey, Vic Reeves, Bob Mortimer, Marc Wootton and Steve Coogan. It is directed by David Kerr and produced by Bob Mortimer and Vic Reeves' production company, Pett Productions. Context_5 : "The Office" Christmas Specials are the two-part final episode of the British mockumentary comedy television series "The Office". The specials were commissioned after the series' creators, Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, announced that they would not write a full third series of the show. The first 45-minute part was broadcast on BBC One on 26 December 2003, and the second 50-minute part was shown the following evening. The episodes are presented in the style of "revisited" documentaries common on British television, in which popular "docusoaps" (e.g. "Airport"), are brought back for one-off specials several years after the series concluded. David Brent (Gervais), forcibly made redundant at the end of the second series, is now a travelling salesman of cleaning supplies. Tim Canterbury (Martin Freeman) and Gareth Keenan (Mackenzie Crook) are still working at the offices of Wernham Hogg, and former Wernham Hogg receptionist Dawn Tinsley (Lucy Davis) now lives in Florida, though is flown back to Britain by the documentary crew to reunite with her old colleagues. Context_6 : City of Ember is a 2008 American science fantasy film based on the 2003 novel "The City of Ember" by Jeanne DuPrau. It was produced by Walden Media, Playtone, Seth Hanchett, Gary Goetzman, Tom Hanks and Steven Shareshian, directed by Gil Kenan, distributed by 20th Century Fox, written by Caroline Thompson with music by Andrew Lockington and stars Saoirse Ronan, Harry Treadaway, Bill Murray, Mackenzie Crook, Martin Landau, Mary Kay Place, Toby Jones and Tim Robbins. It was theatrically released in October 10, 2008 by 20th Century Fox, just two months after the release of the final book in the series; "The Diamond of Darkhold". The film received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office flop. Context_7 : Carl James Prekopp (born Sheffield, 1979) is a British actor. He played Richard III at the Riverside Studios (2010) and originated the part of Lawrence in Tim Firth's stage adaptation of "Calendar Girls". He has appeared in BBC Radio 4 adaptations of Terry Pratchett's "Mort" (as the title character), "Small Gods" (as Brutha) and "Night Watch" (as young Sam Vimes). He was also a supporting actor in the 2007 British feature film "I Want Candy" with Mackenzie Crook, He directed the Afternoon Play "Taken" by Suzanne Heathcote for BBC Radio 4, and is a singer/songwriter and founding member of folk/rock band The Fircones featuring The Likely Lads actress Brigit Forsyth on Cello. . In 2015-2016, Prekopp appeared as William III of England and Daniel Defoe in the Royal Shakespeare Company's production of Helen Edmundson's "Queen Anne". Context_8 : Dark Ascension is an upcoming action/fantasy film directed by Gene Fallaize, executive produced by Scott Spiegel, and starring Tara Reid, Brian Blessed, Paul Blackthorne, and Jillian Murray, along with Sean Young, Mackenzie Crook, Tony Cook and Serena Lorien. Context_9 : Pirates of the Caribbean is a series of American fantasy swashbuckler films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and based on Walt Disney's theme park ride of the same name. Context_10 : Gareth Keenan is a fictional paper salesman on BBC's comedy "The Office". He is portrayed in the series by Mackenzie Crook as a gaunt, self-important team leader proud of his alleged lieutenant status in the Territorial Army. He spends his days annoying his co-workers at Wernham Hogg with his steadfast enforcement of the rules and sycophantic attitudes towards David Brent, whom he views as a friend. Despite this, Brent often acts otherwise and corrects Keenan when he omits the "to the" in his job title: "Assistant "to the" Regional Manager". His counterpart on the US series is Dwight Schrute. The character was originally meant to be a tough and fierce character in the mockumentary, but after Mackenzie Crook's audition, Ricky Gervais and Steven Merchant had to change his lines to fit his new personality fact_1 :  He is best known for playing Gareth Keenan in "The Office", Ragetti in the "Pirates of the Caribbean" films, and Orell in the HBO series "Game of Thrones", and is the creator and star of BBC Four's "Detectorists". fact_2 : Pirates of the Caribbean is a series of American fantasy swashbuckler films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and based on Walt Disney's theme park ride of the same name. Question: Who produced the film series in which Mackenzie Crook played Ragetti?
answer:
Jerry Bruckheimer


question:
Context_1 : Jeanne Tordeus (24 December 1842 – 6 January 1911) was a Belgian stage actress. She was the first Belgian actor active at the Comédie-Française in Paris, in 1864–1870. In 1872–1909, she was active as a professor at the conservatory in Brussels. She founded the prize for declamation which bears her name: "prix Jeanne Tordeus-Adeline Dudlay" (1910). Context_2 : Jeanne Ferrante is a computer scientist active in the field of compiler technology, where she has made important contributions regarding optimization and parallelization. Jeanne Ferrante is Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at University of California, San Diego. She received her B.A. from New College at Hofstra University in 1969, and her Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974. Prior to joining UC San Diego in 1994, she taught at Tufts University from 1974 until 1978, where she worked on computational complexity problems such as the theory of rational order and first order theory of real addition. In 1978, she worked as a research staff at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center until 1994. Context_3 : Dayo Gore (Dayo F. Gore) is an African-American feminist scholar, former fellow of Harvard's Warren Center for North American History, formerly employed as Assistant Professor of History and of Women's Studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, Gore is currently Associate Professor in the Department of Ethnic Studies at University of California, San Diego. Gore is one of a new generation of young scholars active in preserving and exploring the infrequently chronicled history of 20th-century black women's radicalism, in the US and beyond. Along with Jeanne Theoharis and Komozi Woodard, Gore edited a collection of essays "Want to Start A Revolution? Radical Women In The Black Freedom Struggle" (NYU Press, 2009), to which she contributed the chapter "From Communist Politics to Black Power: The Visionary Politics and Transnational Solidarities of Victoria Ama Garvin". Context_4 : Jeanne Brooks-Gunn (born 1946, in Bethesda, Maryland) is an American developmental psychologist and professor. She is currently the Virginia and Leonard Marx Professor of Child Development at Teachers College, Columbia University. Context_5 : Debra Hickenlooper Sowell is a dance historian and professor of humanities and theater history at Southern Virginia University. She retired as an associate professor of humanities in the Department of Humanities, Classics and Comparative Literature at Brigham Young University (BYU) in 2011. She received her B.A. cum laude and with High Honors from the Honors Program at BYU, where she majored in humanities and emphasized French literature. She gained her M.A. in theater history from Tufts University, where she worked with Peter Arnott, and her Ph.D. in performance studies from New York University, where she wrote her dissertation under the supervision of the distinguished dance critic Marcia Siegel. She danced with the BYU Theatre Ballet and later with the Cambridge Court Dancers, where she studied and performed Renaissance dance with Ingrid Brainard. She enjoyed courses in dance history under Jeanette Roosevelt and Walter Sorell at Columbia University and a National Endowment for the Humanities Seminar in theatrical dance under the supervision of Selma Jeanne Cohen, who became her mentor. Cohen later edited the "International Encyclopedia of Dance", to which Sowell contributed articles on Carlotta Brianza, the Christensen Brothers(Lew Christensen, Harold Christensen and Willam Christensen), and Nicola Guerra, as well as approximately 50 illustrations with accompanying captions for the six-volume encyclopedia. Context_6 : Jeanne M. Liedtka, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born March 2, 1955) is an American strategist and professor of business administration at the Darden School of the University of Virginia, particularly known for her work on strategic thinking, design thinking and organic growth. Context_7 : Jeanne Altmann is a professor emerita and Eugene Higgins Professor of ecology and evolutionary biology currently at Princeton University. She is known for her research on the social behaviour of baboons and her contributions to contemporary primate behavioural ecology. She is a founder and co-director of the Amboseli Baboon Research Project. Her paper in 1974 on the observational study of behaviour is a cornerstone for ecologists and has been cited more than 10,000 times. She is a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences. Context_8 : Claus O. Wilke is a computational and evolutionary biologist and chair of the Department of Integrative Biology at University of Texas at Austin, where he is the Dwight W. and Blanche Faye Reeder Centennial Fellow in Systematic and Evolutionary Biology, and currently holds the Joseph J. & Jeanne M. Lagowski Regents Professorship in Molecular Bioscience. Wilke obtained a Ph.D. in theoretical physics at the Ruhr University Bochum in 1999, and subsequently worked as a postdoctoral research fellow at the California Institute of Technology in the lab of Chris Adami. He moved to UT Austin as an Assistant Professor in 2006, where he is now professor, department chair, and director of the Wilke Lab. Wilke studies the evolution of molecules and viruses using theoretical and computational methods. He is also the author of the Cowplot and Ggjoy plotting packages. Context_9 : The University of Virginia (U.Va. or UVA), frequently referred to simply as Virginia, is a public research university and the flagship for the Commonwealth of Virginia. Founded in 1819 by Declaration of Independence author Thomas Jefferson, UVA is known for its historic foundations, student-run honor code, and secret societies. Context_10 : Yoshio Nishi (西 義郎 Nishi, Yoshio 1934-)　is a Japanese scholar of Tibeto-Burman linguistics. He first studied linguistics while a student at the International Christian University (Tokyo) under the leadership of Roy Andrew Miller. After the master's coursework at the University of Tokyo and his time studying at Rangoon University, he taught at Kyushu University (assistant professor; April 1969 - March 1972), Kagoshima University (associate professor; April 1975 - March 1980, professor; April 1980 - September 1981), Ehime University (professor; October 1981 - March 1988), and Kobe City University of Foreign Studies (professor; April 1988 - March 1998). In 1996 when the university newly founded the doctoral course at its graduate school, he was the only professor of linguistics qualified to supervise doctoral students. He is now a professor emeritus at Kobe City University of Foreign Studies, and was nominated in 1993 as a distinguished professor at Central University of Nationalities in Beijing. fact_1 : Jeanne M. Liedtka, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born March 2, 1955) is an American strategist and professor of business administration at the Darden School of the University of Virginia, particularly known for her work on strategic thinking, design thinking and organic growth. fact_2 : The University of Virginia (U.Va. fact_3 :  Founded in 1819 by Declaration of Independence author Thomas Jefferson, UVA is known for its historic foundations, student-run honor code, and secret societies. Question: What year was the university Jeanne M. Liedtka is a professor at founded?
answer:

1819