Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Rhinovirus (RV) infection in asthma induces varying degrees of airway inflammation (e.g. neutrophils), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.', 'The major goal was to determine the role of genetic variation [e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] of Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) in airway epithelial responses to RV in a type 2 cytokine milieu.', 'DNA from blood of asthmatic and normal subjects was genotyped for Tollip SNP rs5743899 AA, AG and GG genotypes. Human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells from donors without lung disease were cultured to determine pro-inflammatory and antiviral responses to IL-13 and RV16. Tollip knockout and wild-type mice were challenged with house dust mite (HDM) and infected with RV1B to determine lung inflammation and antiviral response.', 'Asthmatic subjects carrying the AG or GG genotype (AG/GG) compared with the AA genotype demonstrated greater airflow limitation. HTBE cells with AG/GG expressed less Tollip. Upon IL-13 and RV16 treatment, cells with AG/GG (vs. AA) produced more IL-8 and expressed less antiviral genes, which was coupled with increased NF-κB activity and decreased expression of LC3, a hallmark of the autophagic pathway. Tollip co-localized and interacted with LC3. Inhibition of autophagy decreased antiviral genes in IL-13- and RV16-treated cells. Upon HDM and RV1B, Tollip knockout (vs. wild-type) mice demonstrated higher levels of lung neutrophilic inflammation and viral load, but lower levels of antiviral gene expression.
Answer: Our data suggest that Tollip SNP rs5743899 may predict varying airway response to RV infection in asthma.
Does tollip SNP rs5743899 modulate human airway epithelial responses to rhinovirus infection?

Context: The checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) functions not only in genotoxic stresses but also in normal cell cycle progression, particularly in the initiation, progression and fidelity of unperturbed mitosis. In this study, we investigated the role of Chk1 in regulating the metaphase-anaphase transition in mammalian cells.', 'The mitotic progression was monitored by flow cytometry analysis. The levels of cyclin B1, Cdc20 and Mad2 were measured by Western blotting. Metaphase chromosome alignment and the subcellular localization of Cdc20 and Mad2 were analyzed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.', 'Cyclin B1 degradation and the metaphase-anaphase transition were severely blocked by Chk1 siRNA. Depletion of Chk1 induced chromosome alignment defect in metaphase cells. The kinetochore localization of Cdc20, Mad2 was disrupted in Chk1 depleted cells. Chk1 abrogation also dramatically reduced the protein expression levels of Cdc20 and Mad2.
Answer: These results strongly suggest that Chk1 is required for the metaphase-anaphase transition via regulating the subcellular localization and the expression of Cdc20 and Mad2.
Is chk1 required for the metaphase-anaphase transition via regulating the expression and localization of Cdc20 and Mad2?

Context: Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) reduces mortality and improves outcome after malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMI) but early in-hospital mortality remains high between 22 and 33%. Possibly, this circumstance is driven by cerebral herniation due to space-occupying brain swelling despite decompressive surgery. As the size of the removed bone flap may vary considerably between surgeons, a size too small could foster herniation. Here, we investigated the effect of the additional volume created by an extended DHC (eDHC) on early in-hospital mortality in patients suffering from MMI.', 'We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study of 97 patients with MMI that were treated either with eDHC (n = 40) or standard DHC (sDHC; n = 57) between January 2006 and June 2012. The primary study end point was defined as in-hospital mortality due to transtentorial herniation.', 'In-hospital mortality due to transtentorial herniation was significantly lower after eDHC (0 vs. 11%; p = 0.04), which was paralleled by a significantly larger volume of the craniectomy (p < 0.001) and less cerebral swelling (eDHC 21% vs. sDHC 25%; p = 0.03). No statistically significant differences were found in surgical or non-surgical complications and postoperative intensive care treatment.
Answer: Despite a more aggressive surgical approach, eDHC may reduce early in-hospital mortality and limit transtentorial herniation. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm our results and assess general safety of eDHC.

Does large Size Hemicraniectomy reduce Early Herniation in Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction?