TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Digital Trade Act of 2013''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS; SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The Internet has become an unprecedented medium for 
        competition, trade, free expression, and access to information.
            (2) The Internet is a driver of the global economy and must 
        remain open, stable, and secure.
            (3) Trade in Internet-enabled services and transfers of 
        data and other digital information have become increasingly 
        critical drivers of the economic growth of the United States. 
        The United States International Trade Commission found in a 
        July 2013 report, entitled ``Digital Trade in the U.S. and 
        Global Economies, Part 1'', that ``U.S. exports of digitally 
        enabled services (one measure of international digital trade) 
        grew from $282.1 billion in 2007 to $356.1 billion in 2011, 
        with exports exceeding imports every year''.
            (4) The United States is the global leader in Internet-
        enabled platforms, networks, and services. Certain liability 
        protections for those entities under the law of the United 
        States, which promote innovation and creativity and allow for 
        cooperative efforts to address harmful activity, have been 
        critical to the growth of the Internet economy in the United 
        States.
            (5) According to McKinsey & Company, more than \3/4\ of the 
        value added by the Internet is in traditional industries.
            (6) Internet-enabled commerce and digital trade benefits 
        small- and medium-size enterprises by providing unparalleled 
        access to global markets.
            (7) Proposals have been put forward by some trading 
        partners of the United States to restrict the flow of lawful 
        information across borders. Those proposals would cause 
        increased government control over the Internet and could create 
        a fragmented Internet.
            (8) Localization barriers to trade are frequently used to 
        protect, favor, or stimulate domestic industries at the expense 
        of industries in other countries. Those localization 
        requirements harm the competitiveness of and end-users in the 
        United States.
            (9) Restrictive policies regarding the flow of information 
        across borders are nontariff barriers that are harmful to 
        innovation and economic advancement. Those policies impede 
        trade in digital products and services and constrain the 
        ability of United States companies from many sectors to 
        effectively operate across borders.
            (10) Cross-border data flows are critical to manufacturers, 
        institutions of higher education, hospitals, retailers, 
        financial services firms, laboratories, and many other 
        organizations that use the Internet to improve their 
        productivity and manage global networks of customers, 
        suppliers, researchers, and employees.
            (11) The free flow of information across borders provides 
        choices and reduces costs to consumers worldwide.
            (12) The position of the United States Government has been 
        and is to advocate for the free flow of information across 
        borders.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) agencies in the executive branch, including the Office 
        of the United States Trade Representative, should be staffed 
        with experts and leaders to fulfill the mission of promoting an 
        open, global Internet that facilitates commerce and digital 
        trade; and
            (2) private sector stakeholders should have the opportunity 
        to formally inform efforts of agencies in the executive branch 
        related to digital trade.

SEC. 3. NEGOTIATING PRINCIPLES FOR INTERNET-ENABLED COMMERCE AND 
              DIGITAL TRADE.

    It shall be a negotiating principle of the United States in 
negotiations for a bilateral, plurilateral, or multilateral agreement, 
and in multi-stakeholder fora, to seek the inclusion of binding and 
enforceable provisions that promote and enhance Internet-enabled 
commerce and digital trade, including provisions--
            (1) preventing or eliminating barriers to the movement of 
        electronic information across borders, including by encouraging 
        interoperability of data protection regimes and eliminating 
        barriers to accessing, processing, transferring, or storing 
        information;
            (2) ensuring transparency in measures affecting the free 
        flow of information within and across borders;
            (3) continuing the current practice of not imposing customs 
        duties on electronic transmissions;
            (4) prohibiting measures that condition market access or 
        other commercial benefits on localization of data, 
        infrastructure, or investment;
            (5) prohibiting any country from imposing measures that 
        require an entity to use computing infrastructure or services 
        in that country or otherwise require an entity to access, 
        process, transfer, or store data in the territory of that 
        country;
            (6) ensuring that the Internet continues to operate within 
        the successful multi-stakeholder governance model;
            (7) ensuring that provisions affecting intermediary 
        liability for Internet-enabled platforms, networks, and 
        services are consistent with the law of the United States;
            (8) ensuring digital trade policies contemplate various 
        business activities across all industrial sectors and allow for 
        future technological advancement; and
            (9) otherwise eliminating discriminatory treatment of 
        Internet-enabled commerce and digital trade.

SOLUTION: Digital Trade Act of 2013 - Expresses the sense of Congress that: (1) executive branch agencies, including the Office of the United States Trade Representative, should be staffed with experts and leaders to promote an open, global Internet that facilitates commerce and digital trade; and (2) private sector stakeholders should have the opportunity to inform executive agency efforts related to digital trade.  States that it shall be a U.S. negotiating principle in negotiations for a bilateral, plurilateral, or multilateral agreement, and in multi-stakeholder fora, to seek the inclusion of binding provisions that promote and enhance Internet-enabled commerce and digital trade.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Taxpayer Debt Buy-Down Act''.

SEC. 2. DESIGNATION OF AMOUNTS FOR REDUCTION OF PUBLIC DEBT.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter A of chapter 61 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 (relating to returns and records) is amended by adding at 
the end the following new part:

          ``PART IX--DESIGNATION FOR REDUCTION OF PUBLIC DEBT.

                              ``Sec. 6097. Designation.

``SEC. 6097. DESIGNATION.

    ``(a) In General.--Every individual with adjusted income tax 
liability for any taxable year may designate that a portion of such 
liability (not to exceed 10 percent thereof) shall be used to reduce 
the public debt.
    ``(b) Manner and Time of Designation.--A designation under 
subsection (a) may be made with respect to any taxable year only at the 
time of filing the return of tax imposed by chapter 1 for the taxable 
year. The designation shall be made on the first page of the return or 
on the page bearing the taxpayer's signature.
    ``(c) Adjusted Income Tax Liability.--For purposes of this section, 
the term `adjusted income tax liability' means income tax liability (as 
defined in section 6096(b)) reduced by any amount designated under 
section 6096 (relating to designation of income tax payments to 
Presidential Election Campaign Fund).''
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of parts for such subchapter A 
is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

                              ``Part IX. Designation for reduction of 
                                        public debt.''
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this 
Act.

SEC. 3. PUBLIC DEBT REDUCTION TRUST FUND.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter A of chapter 98 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 (relating to trust fund code) is amended by adding at the 
end the following section:

``SEC. 9512. PUBLIC DEBT REDUCTION TRUST FUND.

    ``(a) Creation of Trust Fund.--There is established in the Treasury 
of the United States a trust fund to be known as the `Public Debt 
Reduction Trust Fund', consisting of any amount appropriated or 
credited to the Trust Fund as provided in this section or section 
9602(b).
    ``(b) Transfers to Trust Fund.--There are hereby appropriated to 
the Public Debt Reduction Trust Fund amounts equivalent to the amounts 
designated under section 6097 (relating to designation for public debt 
reduction).
    ``(c) Expenditures.--Amounts in the Public Debt Reduction Trust 
Fund shall be available only for purposes of paying at maturity, or to 
redeem or buy before maturity, any obligation of the Federal Government 
included in the public debt. Any obligation which is paid, redeemed, or 
bought with amounts from such Trust Fund shall be canceled and retired 
and may not be reissued.''
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for such subchapter 
is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

                              ``Sec. 9512. Public Debt Reduction Trust 
                                        Fund.''
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to amounts received after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 4. TAXPAYER-GENERATED SEQUESTRATION OF FEDERAL SPENDING TO REDUCE 
              THE PUBLIC DEBT.

    (a) Sequestration To Reduce the Public Debt.--Part C of the 
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 is amended by 
adding after section 253 the following new section:

``SEC. 253A. SEQUESTRATION TO REDUCE THE PUBLIC DEBT.

    ``(a) Sequestration.--Notwithstanding sections 255 and 256, within 
15 days after Congress adjourns to end a session, and on the same day 
as sequestration (if any) under sections 251, 252, and 253, but after 
any sequestration required by those sections, there shall be a 
sequestration equivalent to the estimated aggregate amount designated 
under section 6097 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for the last 
taxable year ending before the beginning of that session of Congress, 
as estimated by the Department of the Treasury on May 1 and as modified 
by the total of (1) any amounts by which net discretionary spending is 
reduced by legislation below the discretionary spending limits (or, in 
the absence of such limits, any net deficit change from the baseline 
amount calculated under section 257, except that such baseline for 
fiscal year 1996 and thereafter shall be based upon fiscal year 1995 
enacted appropriations less any 1995 sequesters) and (2) the net 
deficit change that has resulted from direct spending legislation.
    ``(b) Applicability.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided by paragraph (2), 
        each account of the United States shall be reduced by a dollar 
        amount calculated by multiplying the level of budgetary 
        resources in that account at that time by the uniform 
        percentage necessary to carry out subsection (a). All 
        obligational authority reduced under this section shall be done 
        in a manner that makes such reductions permanent.
            ``(2) Exempt accounts.--No order issued under this part 
        may--
                    ``(A) reduce benefits payable the old-age, 
                survivors, and disability insurance program established 
                under title II of the Social Security Act;
                    ``(B) reduce payments for net interest (all of 
                major functional category 900); or
                    ``(C) make any reduction in the following accounts:
                            ``Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 
                        Bank Insurance Fund;
                            ``Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 
                        FSLIC Resolution Fund;
                            ``Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 
                        Savings Association Insurance Fund;
                            ``National Credit Union Administration, 
                        credit union share insurance fund; or
                            ``Resolution Trust Corporation.''.
    (b) Reports.--Section 254 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
Deficit Control Act of 1985 is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting before the item 
        relating to August 10 the following:
    ``May 1 . . . Department of Treasury report to Congress estimating 
amount of income tax designated pursuant to section 6097 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986.'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(1), by inserting ``, and 
        sequestration to reduce the public debt,'';
            (3) in subsection (d), by redesignating paragraph (5) as 
        paragraph (6) and by inserting after paragraph (4) the 
        following new paragraph:
            ``(5) Sequestration to reduce the public debt reports.--The 
        preview reports shall set forth for the budget year estimates 
        for each of the following:
                    ``(A) The aggregate amount designated under section 
                6097 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for the last 
                taxable year ending before the budget year.
                    ``(B) The amount of reductions required under 
                section 253A and the deficit remaining after those 
                reductions have been made.
                    ``(C) The sequestration percentage necessary to 
                achieve the required reduction in accounts under 
                section 253A(b).''; and
            (4) in subsection (g), by redesignating paragraphs (4) and 
        (5) as paragraphs (5) and (6), respectively, and by inserting 
        after paragraph (3) the following new paragraph:
            ``(4) Sequestration to reduce the public debt reports.--The 
        final reports shall contain all of the information contained in 
        the public debt taxation designation report required on May 
        1.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--Notwithstanding section 275(b) of the Balanced 
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, the expiration date 
set forth in that section shall not apply to the amendments made by 
this section. The amendments made by this section shall cease to have 
any effect after the first fiscal year during which there is no public 
debt.

SOLUTION: Taxpayer Debt Buy-Down Act - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow every individual with adjusted income tax liability to designate on their tax returns that a portion of such liability (not to exceed ten percent) be used to reduce the public debt. 
Establishes a Public Debt Reduction Trust Fund for the deposit of designated amounts.  Makes amounts in such Trust Fund available only to pay at maturity, or to redeem or buy before maturity, any obligation of the Federal Government included in the public debt.  Prohibits the reissuance of any obligation which is paid, redeemed, or bought with amounts from the Trust Fund. 
Amends the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act) to provide for the sequestration of amounts designated to the Trust Fund.  Specifies accounts exempt from such sequestration.  Includes aggregated amounts designated to the Trust Fund and amounts sequestered to reduce the public debt in sequestration preview and final reports.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Fairness in IRS Debt Payment Act of 
1999''.

SEC. 2. INTEREST ON TAX PORTION OF UNDERPAYMENT TO BE COMPOUNDED 
              ANNUALLY.

    (a) In General.--Section 6622 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
(relating to interest compounded daily) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subsection:
    ``(c) Interest on Tax Portion of Underpayment To Be Compounded 
Annually.--
            ``(1) In general.--In the case of interest or other amount 
        referred to in subsection (a) which is required to be paid by 
        the taxpayer, such interest and such amount shall be compounded 
        annually. The preceding sentence shall only apply to the extent 
        that the amount on which such interest and amount are imposed 
        is tax.
            ``(2) Interest and penalties not treated as tax.--
        Notwithstanding sections 6601(e) and 6665, interest and 
        additions to the tax, additional amounts, and penalties 
        provided by chapter 68 shall not be treated as tax for purposes 
        of paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Allocation of payments.--For purposes of paragraph 
        (1), payments on any underpayment shall be allocated first to 
        amounts which are not treated as tax under paragraph (2) and 
        then to amounts of tax.''
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
apply to interest for periods after December 31, 1999.

SEC. 3. ALLOCATION OF PAYMENTS TO UNDERPAYMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 77 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is 
amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 7527. ALLOCATION OF PAYMENTS TO UNDERPAYMENTS.

    ``In the case of a taxpayer having underpayments for more than 1 
taxable period, payments by the taxpayer against those underpayments 
shall be allocated by the Secretary of the Treasury equally among such 
underpayments or in such other manner as may be directed by the 
taxpayer.''
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 77 of 
such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

                              ``Sec. 7527. Allocation of payments to 
                                        underpayments.''
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to payments made after December 31, 1999.

SEC. 4. PROHIBITION ON MODIFICATION OF INSTALLMENT AGREEMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 6159 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
(relating to agreements for payment of tax liability in installments) 
is amended by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as subsection (e) 
and (f), respectively, and by inserting after subsection (c) the 
following new subsection:
    ``(d) Prohibition of Certain Modifications of Installment 
Agreements.--If the Secretary enters into an installment agreement with 
a taxpayer under this section (other than under subsection (c))--
            ``(1) such agreement shall serve as a closing agreement 
        with respect to the amount of the liability specified in the 
        installment agreement for the periods to which such liability 
        relates, and
            ``(2) except as provided in subsection (b)(2), such 
        installment agreement may not be altered, modified, or 
        terminated other than by reason of a failure to make a timely 
        payment of any installment under such agreement.''
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Subsection (b) of section 6159 of such Code is amended 
        by striking paragraphs (3) and (4) and by redesignating 
        paragraph (5) as paragraph (3).
            (2) Paragraph (3) of section 6159(b) of such Code (as 
        redesignating by paragraph (1)) is amended by striking ``, (3), 
        or (4)''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to agreements entered into after December 31, 1999.

SEC. 5. LIMITATION ON AGGREGATE INTEREST AND PENALTIES.

    (a) In General.--Section 6404 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
(relating to abatements) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new subsection:
    ``(j) Abatement of Excessive Interest and Penalties.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall abate the excessive 
        portion of interest and penalties.
            ``(2) Excessive portion.--The excessive portion of interest 
        and penalties is the amount by which the aggregate interest, 
        penalties, and additions to the tax with respect to any tax 
        exceeds the amount of such tax.''
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 6. GUIDELINES AND CRITERIA FOR PENALTY ABATEMENT; REQUIRED 
              EXPLANATION OF REFUSAL TO ABATE PENALTIES.

    (a) In General.--Section 6404 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
(relating to abatements) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new subsection:
    ``(k) Guidelines and Criteria for Penalty Abatement; Required 
Explanation of Refusal To Abate Penalties.--
            ``(1) Guidelines and criteria.--The Secretary shall 
        prescribe guidelines and criteria which will be used by the 
        Secretary in determining whether to abate any penalty or 
        addition to the tax.
            ``(2) Explanations.--If--
                    ``(A) a taxpayer requests (in such form and manner 
                as the Secretary prescribes) that the Secretary abate 
                any portion of a penalty or an addition to the tax, and
                    ``(B) the Secretary does not grant such request in 
                full,
        the Secretary shall provide a written explanation to the 
        taxpayer of the reason for not granting such request.''
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

SOLUTION:
Fairness in IRS Debt Payment Act of 1999 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to compute interest on the tax portion of underpayments annually (currently daily). 
Allocates payments for taxable period underpayments equally among such periods or as directed by the taxpayer. 
Prohibits the Secretary of the Treasury from modifying certain voluntary installment agreements other than for reasons of nonpayment. 
Requires abatement of aggregate tax interest and penalties in excess of the amount of such tax. 
Requires the Secretary to: (1) prescribe penalty abatement guidelines; and (2) provide a requesting taxpayer with a written explanation for nonabatement of a penalty.