Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Context: Event-related potentials (ERPs) are sensitive measures of both perceptual and cognitive processes. The aim of the present study was to identify brain regions involved in the processes of cognitive dysfunction in narcolepsy by means of ERP tomography.', 'In 17 drug-free patients with narcolepsy and 17 controls, ERPs were recorded (auditory odd-ball paradigm). Latencies, amplitudes and LORETA sources were determined for standard (N1 and P2) and target (N2 and P300) ERP components. Psychometry included measures of mental performance, affect and critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF).', 'In the ERPs patients demonstrated delayed cognitive N2 and P300 components and reduced amplitudes in midline regions, while N1 and P2 components did not differ from controls. LORETA suggested reduced P300 sources bilaterally in the precuneus, the anterior and posterior cingulate gyri, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus. In psychometry, patients demonstrated deteriorated mood, increased trait anxiety, decreased CFF and a trend toward reduced general verbal memory and psychomotor activity.
Answer: Narcoleptic patients showed prolonged information processing, as indexed by N2 and P300 latencies and decreased energetic resources for cognitive processing.

A: Does event-related-potential low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography ( ERP-LORETA ) suggest decreased energetic resources for cognitive processing in narcolepsy?
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Q: Context: In atherogenesis, dendritic cells, beside presenting antigens, may be sources of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and nitric oxide (NO), together with mast cells and smooth muscle cells.', 'We have looked at the expression of TNFalpha and inducible NO synthase (iNOs) by these cells by affinity cytochemistry in autoptical specimens from normal carotid arteries and not ruptured, hemorrhagic or calcified atheromata.', 'Round to dendritic, major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (MHC-II+) cells and avidin-labeled mast cells were rare in normal arteries and significantly more numerous in atheromata. Many MHC-II+ cells expressed S-100 antigen; while a few were positive for phalloidin; appreciable fractions of these cells were immunoreactive for TNFalpha and iNOs, both in control specimens and atheromata. The fraction of mast cells labeled for iNOs was significantly lower in atheromata than in controls. Phalloidin positive cells were the most abundant cell type in the normal intima and atheromata; the fractions of these cells labeled for TNFalpha and iNOs were significantly higher in atheromata than in controls. Very few of these cells were also labeled for MHC-II. Computerized image analysis confirmed that the amounts of iNOs and TNFalpha were higher in atheromata than in controls. The increase in TNFalpha in atheromata was also confirmed by western blot.
Answer: Dendritic cells and mast cells can participate to the generation of TNFalpha and NO in the normal arterial wall and in atheromata, but myointimal cells are candidates as major sources of these molecules.

A: Are smooth muscle cells , dendritic cells and mast cells sources of TNFalpha and nitric oxide in human carotid artery atherosclerosis?
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Q: Context: Vancomycin is effective in reducing the risk of mediastinits and topical vancomycin has been hypothesised to give high local dose concentrations while avoiding high systemic levels, thus avoiding the risk of bacterial resistance to this second-line antibiotic. However, this theory has never been tested and the degree to which vancomycin is absorbed systemically is unknown.', 'Fourteen patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) received 500mg of topical vancomycin prior to sternotomy closure. Serum samples were taken at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 720min post-operatively. In addition, samples were taken from the drain bottles and urine samples taken daily for 5 days. Vancomycin levels were measured by fluorescence polarisation immunoassay, using the reverse dilution method to give a detection limit of 0.8mg/l.', 'Vancomycin was detected in almost all serum samples. Peak concentration was at 30min and the mean value was 2.96mg/l (range, 0.99-5.00mg/l). This mean fell to 1.32mg/l at 6h. Of the 500mg of vancomycin applied, a mean of only 8.8mg was found to have been lost into the drain bottles in the first 24h (range, 0.17-12.5mg). When 5 consecutive days of urine collection was achieved, a mean of 151mg of vancomycin was excreted (range, 40-195mg) and vancomycin was detectable in the urine till day 5. The mean concentration of vancomycin in the urine was maximal on day 1 and was 24.4mg/l (range, 4.49-44.98mg/l).
Answer: Topical vancomycin causes significant systemic concentrations in the 6h post-surgery and can be detected in the urine for up to 5 days post-surgery.

A:
Does topical vancomycin applied on closure of the sternotomy wound prevent high levels of systemic vancomycin?
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