In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Bridges to the Cuban People Act of 
2001''.

   TITLE I--FACILITATION OF THE EXPORT OF FOOD AND MEDICINES TO CUBA

SEC. 101. EXEMPTION FROM PROHIBITIONS AND RESTRICTIONS ON TRADE WITH 
              CUBA TO PERMIT THE EXPORT OF FOOD AND MEDICINES TO CUBA.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), any 
prohibition or restriction in law or regulation on trade or financial 
transactions with Cuba shall not apply with respect to the export of 
any agricultural commodity, farm machinery or equipment, medicine, or 
medical device, or with respect to travel incident to the sale or 
delivery of any agricultural commodity, farm machinery or equipment, 
medicine, or medical device, to Cuba.
    (b) Exceptions.--Subsection (a) does not apply to--
            (1) any prohibition or restriction imposed under the Export 
        Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2401 et seq.) or 
        successor statute for goods containing parts or components on 
        which export controls are in effect under that section; or
            (2) any prohibition or restriction imposed under section 
        203 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 
        U.S.C. 1702) insofar as the prohibition or restriction is 
        exercised to deal with a threat to the national security of the 
        United States by virtue of the technology incorporated in such 
        machinery or equipment.
    (c) Supersedes Existing Law.--Subsection (a) supersedes the Trade 
Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 (title IX of H.R. 
5426 of the One Hundred Sixth Congress, as enacted into law by section 
1(a) of Public Law 106-387, and as contained in the appendix of that 
Act) or any other provision of law.

SEC. 102. REMOVAL OF CERTAIN PROHIBITIONS ON VESSELS ENTERING UNITED 
              STATES PORTS.

    Section 1706(b) of the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 (22 U.S.C. 
6005(b); prohibiting certain vessels from entering United States ports) 
shall not apply with respect to vessels that transport to Cuba any item 
the export of which is permitted under section 101 or 404 of this Act.

SEC. 103. STUDY AND REPORT RELATING TO EXPORT PROMOTION AND CREDIT 
              PROGRAMS FOR CUBA.

    (a) Study.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall conduct a study of 
United States agricultural export promotion and credit programs in 
effect as of the date of enactment of this Act to determine how such 
programs may be carried out to promote the consumption of United States 
agricultural commodities in Cuba.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall submit to the Committee on 
Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report 
containing--
            (1) the results of the study conducted under subsection 
        (a); and
            (2) recommendations for proposed legislation, if any, to 
        improve the ability of the Secretary of Agriculture to utilize 
        United States agricultural export promotion and credit programs 
        with respect to the consumption of United States agricultural 
        commodities in Cuba.

SEC. 104. REPORT TO CONGRESS.

    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the President shall submit to Congress a report that sets forth--
            (1) the extent (expressed in volume and dollar amounts) of 
        sales to Cuba of agricultural commodities, farm machinery and 
        equipment, medicines, and medical devices, since the date of 
        enactment of this Act;
            (2) a description of the types of the goods so exported; 
        and
            (3) whether there has been any indication that any medicine 
        or medical device exported to Cuba since the date of enactment 
        of this Act--
                    (A) has been used for purposes of torture or other 
                human rights abuses;
                    (B) was reexported; or
                    (C) was used in the production of any bio-
                technological product.

SEC. 105. DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Agricultural commodity.--The term ``agricultural 
        commodity''--
                    (A) has the meaning given the term in section 102 
                of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602); 
                and
                    (B) includes fertilizer.
            (2) Medical device.--The term ``medical device'' has the 
        meaning given the term ``device'' in section 201 of the Federal 
        Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321).
            (3) Medicine.--The term ``medicine'' has the meaning given 
        the term ``drug'' in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
        Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 7321).

 TITLE II--EASING OF RESTRICTIONS ON TRAVEL BY UNITED STATES NATIONALS 
                                TO CUBA

SEC. 201. TRAVEL TO CUBA.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Freedom of travel for united states nationals and 
        lawful permanent resident aliens.--
                    (A) In general.--Subject to subsection (b), the 
                President shall not regulate or prohibit, directly or 
                indirectly--
                            (i) travel to, from, or within Cuba by 
                        nationals of the United States or aliens 
                        lawfully admitted for permanent residence in 
                        the United States; or
                            (ii) any of the transactions incident to 
                        such travel that are set forth in paragraph 
                        (2).
                    (B) Supersedes existing law.--Subparagraph (A) 
                supersedes any other provision of law.
            (2) Transactions incident to travel.--
                    (A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph 
                (B), the transactions referred to in paragraph (1) 
                are--
                            (i) any transaction ordinarily incident to 
                        travel to or from Cuba, including the 
                        importation into Cuba or the United States of 
                        accompanied baggage for personal use only;
                            (ii) any transaction ordinarily incident to 
                        travel or maintenance within Cuba, including 
                        the payment of living expenses and the 
                        acquisition of goods or services for personal 
                        use;
                            (iii) any transaction ordinarily incident 
                        to the arrangement, promotion, or facilitation 
                        of travel to, from, or within Cuba;
                            (iv) any transaction incident to 
                        nonscheduled air, sea, or land voyages, except 
                        that this clause does not authorize the 
                        carriage of articles into Cuba or the United 
                        States except accompanied baggage; and
                            (v) any normal banking transaction incident 
                        to any activity described in any of the 
                        preceding clauses, including the issuance, 
                        clearing, processing, or payment of checks, 
                        drafts, travelers checks, credit or debit card 
                        instruments, or similar instruments.
                    (B) Exclusion of certain goods for personal 
                consumption.--The transactions described in 
                subparagraph (A) do not include the importation into 
                the United States of goods for personal consumption 
                acquired in Cuba in excess of the amount established by 
                the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to section 321 
                of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1321) or otherwise 
                authorized by law.
    (b) Exceptions.--The prohibition contained in subsection (a)(1) 
does not apply in a case in which--
            (1) the United States is at war with Cuba;
            (2) armed hostilities between the two countries are in 
        progress or imminent; or
            (3) there is a credible threat to the public health or the 
        physical safety of nationals of the United States who are 
        traveling to, from, or within Cuba.
    (c) Applicability.--This section applies to actions taken by the 
President before the date of enactment of this Act that are in effect 
on such date, and to actions taken on or after such date.
    (d) Repeals.--There are repealed the following provisions of law:
            (1) Section 102(h) of Public Law 104-114 (22 U.S.C. 
        6032(h)).
            (2) Section 910 of the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export 
        Enhancement Act of 2000 (title IX of H.R. 5426 of the One 
        Hundred Sixth Congress, as enacted into law by section 1(a) of 
        Public Law 106-387, and as contained in the appendix of that 
        Act).
    (e) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Lawfully admitted for permanent residence.--The term 
        ``lawfully admitted for permanent residence'' has the meaning 
        given the term in section 101(a)(20) of the Immigration and 
        Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(20)).
            (2) National of the united states.--The term ``national of 
        the United States'' has the meaning given the term in section 
        101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
        1101(a)(22)).

          TITLE III--SCHOLARSHIPS FOR CERTAIN CUBAN NATIONALS

SEC. 301. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR GRADUATE STUDY.

    (a) Authority.--
            (1) In general.--The President is authorized to provide 
        scholarships under section 102 of the Mutual Educational and 
        Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2452) for nationals of 
        Cuba who seek to undertake graduate study in public health, 
        public policy, economics, law, or other field of social 
        science. In awarding scholarships under this paragraph, the 
        President shall give preference to individuals not employed by 
        the Cuban government or actively participating in the communist 
        party.
            (2) Superseding existing law.--The authority of paragraph 
        (1) shall be exercised without regard to any other provision of 
        law.
    (b) Allocation of Funds.--Of the amounts authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange 
Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2451 et seq.) for fiscal years 2002 through 
2006, the following amounts are authorized to be available to carry out 
subsection (a):
            (1) For fiscal year 2002, $1,400,000 for not to exceed 20 
        scholarships.
            (2) For fiscal year 2003, $1,750,000 for not to exceed 25 
        scholarships.
            (3) For fiscal year 2004, $2,450,000 for not to exceed 35 
        scholarships.
            (4) For fiscal year 2005, $2,450,000 for not to exceed 35 
        scholarships.
            (5) For fiscal year 2006, $2,450,000 for not to exceed 35 
        scholarships.

                   TITLE IV--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SEC. 401. WAIVER AUTHORITY WITH RESPECT TO THE PUBLIC LAW 104-114.

    (a) Waiver of Sanctions and Restrictions on Assistance.--
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President may waive any 
provision of title I or title II of Public Law 104-114 (22 U.S.C. 6021 
et seq.) if the President determines that to do so will promote the 
peaceful transition to democracy in Cuba.
    (b) Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility of Certain Aliens.--
Notwithstanding any other provision of law or regulation, the President 
may waive provisions of title IV of Public Law 104-114 (22 U.S.C. 6021 
et seq.; relating to the inadmissibility of certain aliens) if the 
President determines that to do so will further the national economic 
interest of the United States.

SEC. 402. PROHIBITION ON LIMITING ANNUAL REMITTANCES.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), the 
Secretary of the Treasury may not limit the amount of remittances to 
Cuba that may be made by any person who is subject to the jurisdiction 
of the United States, and the Secretary shall rescind all regulations 
in effect on the date of enactment of this Act that so limit the amount 
of those remittances.
    (b) Statutory Construction.--Nothing in subsection (a) may be 
construed to prohibit the prosecution or conviction of any person 
committing an offense described in section 1956 of title 18, United 
States Code (relating to the laundering of monetary instruments) or 
section 1957 of such title (relating to engaging in monetary 
transactions in property derived from specific unlawful activity).

SEC. 403. IMPORTATION OF DRUGS AND DEVICES.

    Any prohibition or restriction in law (including a regulation) on 
trade or financial transactions with Cuba shall not apply with respect 
to--
            (1) a new drug for which an application for investigation 
        under section 505(i) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic 
        Act (21 U.S.C. 355(i)) has been submitted to the Secretary of 
        Health and Human Services;
            (2) a biological product for which an application for 
        investigation under section 351(a)(3) of the Public Health 
        Service Act (42 U.S.C. 262(a)(3)) has been submitted to the 
        Secretary of Health and Human Services;
            (3) a device for which an application for investigation 
        under section 520(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic 
        Act (21 U.S.C. 360j(g)) has been submitted to the Secretary of 
        Health and Human Services;
            (4) a drug that is the subject of an approved application 
        under section 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 
        (21 U.S.C. 355);
            (5) a biological product that is the subject of an approved 
        license under section 351 of the Public Health Service Act (42 
        U.S.C. 262); or
            (6) a device that--
                    (A) is cleared for marketing under section 510(k) 
                of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 
                360(k));
                    (B) is the subject of an approved application for 
                premarket approval under section 515 of the Federal 
                Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360e); or
                    (C) is exempted from premarket clearance under 
                subsection (l) or (m) of section 510 of the Federal 
                Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360).

SEC. 404. PROHIBITION ON UNILATERAL SANCTIONS ON GOODS OR SERVICES 
              INTENDED FOR EXCLUSIVE USE OF CHILDREN.

    Funds made available under any provision of law may not be used to 
administer or enforce any sanction by the United States on exports of 
goods or services intended for the exclusive use of children (other 
than a sanction imposed pursuant to an agreement with one or more other 
countries).

Answer: Bridges to the Cuban People Act of 2001 - Exempts from the embargo on trade with Cuba (including prohibitions under the Cuban Democracy Act of 1992 against the unloading at a U.S. port of vessels that previously entered a Cuban port to engage in trade) the export of any agricultural commodity, farm machinery or equipment, medicine, or medical device, or any travel incident to the delivery of such items.Prohibits the President from prohibiting or regulating travel to or from or within Cuba by U.S. nationals or lawful resident aliens, including specified transactions ordinarily incident to such travel, financial or otherwise.Authorizes the President to provide scholarships for Cuban nationals who seek to undertake graduate study in public health, public policy, economics, law, or other field of social science.Authorizes the President to waive certain sanctions against, and restrictions on assistance to, Cuba, including the exclusion from the United States of certain aliens who have confiscated property in Cuba of U.S. nationals or who traffics in such property, if he determines that it will promote the peaceful transition to democracy in Cuba or will further U.S. national economic interests.Prohibits the Secretary of the Treasury from limiting the amount of remittances to Cuba that any U.S. person may make.Exempts from prohibitions or restrictions on trade with Cuba the import of certain drugs, biological products, and medical devices into the United States.Prohibits the use of funds to enforce unilateral sanctions on the export of goods and services intended for the exclusive use of children in Cuba.


Question: SECTION 1. PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR PROGRESS.

    Title X of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 8001 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

               ``PART L--PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR PROGRESS

``SEC. 10999A. SHORT TITLE.

    ``This part may be cited as the `Physical Education for Progress 
Act'.

``SEC. 10999B. PURPOSE.

    ``The purpose of this part is to award grants and contracts to 
local educational agencies to enable the local educational agencies to 
initiate, expand, and improve physical education programs for all 
kindergarten through 12th grade students.

``SEC. 10999C. FINDINGS.

    ``Congress makes the following findings:
            ``(1) Physical education is essential to the development of 
        growing children.
            ``(2) Physical education helps improve the overall health 
        of children by improving their cardiovascular endurance, 
        muscular strength and power, and flexibility, and by enhancing 
        weight regulation, bone development, posture, skillful moving, 
        active lifestyle habits, and constructive use of leisure time.
            ``(3) Physical education helps improve the self esteem, 
        interpersonal relationships, responsible behavior, and 
        independence of children.
            ``(4) Children who participate in high quality daily 
        physical education programs tend to be more healthy and 
        physically fit.
            ``(5) The percentage of young people who are overweight has 
        more than doubled in the 30 years preceding 1999.
            ``(6) Low levels of activity contribute to the high 
        prevalence of obesity among children in the United States.
            ``(7) Obesity related diseases cost the United States 
        economy more than $100,000,000,000 every year.
            ``(8) Inactivity and poor diet cause at least 300,000 
        deaths a year in the United States.
            ``(9) Physically fit adults have significantly reduced risk 
        factors for heart attacks and stroke.
            ``(10) Children are not as active as they should be and 
        fewer than 1 in 4 children get 20 minutes of vigorous activity 
        every day of the week.
            ``(11) The Surgeon General's 1996 Report on Physical 
        Activity and Health, and the Centers for Disease Control and 
        Prevention, recommend daily physical education for all students 
        in kindergarten through grade 12.
            ``(12) Twelve years after Congress passed House Concurrent 
        Resolution 97, 100th Congress, agreed to December 11, 1987, 
        encouraging State and local governments and local educational 
        agencies to provide high quality daily physical education 
        programs for all children in kindergarten through grade 12, 
        little progress has been made.
            ``(13) Every student in our Nation's schools, from 
        kindergarten through grade 12, should have the opportunity to 
        participate in quality physical education. It is the unique 
        role of quality physical education programs to develop the 
        health-related fitness, physical competence, and cognitive 
        understanding about physical activity for all students so that 
        the students can adopt healthy and physically active 
        lifestyles.
            ``(14) Every student in our Nation's schools should have 
        the opportunity to achieve the goals established by Healthy 
        People 2000 and Healthy People 2010.

``SEC. 10999D. PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.

    ``The Secretary is authorized to award grants to, and enter into 
contracts with, local educational agencies to pay the Federal share of 
the costs of initiating, expanding, and improving physical education 
programs for kindergarten through grade 12 students by--
            ``(1) providing equipment and support to enable students to 
        actively participate in physical education activities;
            ``(2) developing or enhancing physical education curricula 
        to meet national goals for physical education developed by the 
        Secretary in consultation with the National Association for 
        Sport and Physical Education; and
            ``(3) providing funds for staff and teacher training and 
        education.

``SEC. 10999E. APPLICATIONS; PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.

    ``(a) Applications.--Each local educational agency desiring a grant 
or contract under this part shall submit to the Secretary an 
application that contains a plan to initiate, expand, or improve 
physical education programs in the schools served by the agency in 
order to make progress toward meeting--
            ``(1) the goals described in subsection (b); or
            ``(2) State standards for physical education.
    ``(b) Goals.--The goals referred to in subsection (a) are as 
follows:
            ``(1) Physical education programs shall facilitate 
        achievement of the national goals for physical education 
        described in section 10999D(2), and the curriculum of the 
        programs may provide--
                    ``(A) fitness education and assessment to help 
                children understand, improve, or maintain their 
                physical well-being;
                    ``(B) instruction in a variety of motor skills and 
                physical activities designed to enhance the physical, 
                mental, and social or emotional development of every 
                child;
                    ``(C) development of cognitive concepts about motor 
                skill and physical fitness that support a lifelong 
                healthy lifestyle;
                    ``(D) opportunities to develop positive social and 
                cooperative skills through physical activity 
                participation; and
                    ``(E) instruction in healthy eating habits and good 
                nutrition.
            ``(2) Teachers of physical education shall be afforded the 
        opportunity for professional development to stay abreast of the 
        latest research, issues, and trends in the field of physical 
        education.
    ``(c) Special Rule.--For the purpose of this part, extracurricular 
activities such as team sports and Reserve Officers' Training Corps 
(ROTC) program activities shall not be considered as part of the 
curriculum of a physical education program assisted under this part.

``SEC. 10999F. PROPORTIONALITY.

    ``The Secretary shall ensure that grants awarded and contracts 
entered into under this part shall be equitably distributed between 
local educational agencies serving urban and rural areas, and between 
local educational agencies serving large and small numbers of students.

``SEC. 10999G. PRIVATE SCHOOL STUDENTS AND HOME-SCHOOLED STUDENTS.

    ``An application for funds under this part, consistent with the 
number of home-schooled children or children enrolled in private 
elementary schools, middle schools, and secondary schools located in 
the school district of a local educational agency, may provide for the 
participation of such children and their teachers in the activities 
assisted under this part.

``SEC. 10999H. REPORT REQUIRED FOR CONTINUED FUNDING.

    ``As a condition to continue to receive grant or contract funding 
after the first year of a multiyear grant or contract under this part, 
the administrator of the grant or contract for the local educational 
agency shall submit to the Secretary an annual report that describes 
the activities conducted during the preceding year and demonstrates 
that progress has been made toward achieving goals described in section 
10999E(b) or meeting State standards for physical education.

``SEC. 10999I. REPORT TO CONGRESS.

    ``The Secretary shall submit a report to Congress not later than 
June 1, 2003, that describes the programs assisted under this part, 
documents the success of such programs in improving physical fitness, 
and makes such recommendations as the Secretary determines appropriate 
for the continuation and improvement of the programs assisted under 
this part.

``SEC. 10999J. ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS.

    ``Not more than 5 percent of the grant or contract funds made 
available to a local educational agency under this part for any fiscal 
year may be used for administrative costs.

``SEC. 10999K. FEDERAL SHARE; SUPPLEMENT NOT SUPPLANT.

    ``(a) Federal Share.--The Federal share under this part may not 
exceed--
            ``(1) 90 percent of the total cost of a project for the 
        first year for which the project receives assistance under this 
        part; and
            ``(2) 75 percent of such cost for the second and each 
        subsequent such year.
    ``(b) Supplement not Supplant.--Funds made available under this 
part shall be used to supplement and not supplant other Federal, State, 
and local funds available for physical education activities.

``SEC. 10999L. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    ``There are authorized to be appropriated $30,000,000 for fiscal 
year 2000, $70,000,000 for fiscal year 2001, and $100,000,000 for each 
of the fiscal years 2002 through 2004, to carry out this part. Such 
funds shall remain available until expended.''.

Answer: Requires such grants and contracts to be used for: (1) providing equipment and support to enable students to actively participate in physical education activities; (2) developing or enhancing physical education curricula to meet national goals developed by the Secretary; and (3) providing funds for staff and teacher training and education.
Requires LEA assistance applications for such assistance to contain plans for helping school physical education programs make progress toward meeting State standards for physical education or specified goals. Prohibits extracurricular activities such as team sports and Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program activities from consideration as part of the curriculum of a physical education program assisted under this Act.
Authorizes appropriations.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Corps of Engineers 
Reform Act of 2000''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings and purposes.
Sec. 3. Definition of Secretary.
                       TITLE I--PROJECT PLANNING

Sec. 101. Independent review.
Sec. 102. Stakeholder involvement.
Sec. 103. Monitoring.
Sec. 104. Recommendations.
Sec. 105. Principles and guidelines.
Sec. 106. Environmental Advisory Board.
                          TITLE II--MITIGATION

Sec. 201. Full mitigation.
Sec. 202. Concurrent mitigation.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) The Army Corps of Engineers is the primary Federal 
        agency responsible for developing and managing the Nation's 
        harbors, waterways, shorelines, and water resources.
            (2) Scarce Federal resources require more efficient use of 
        Corps of Engineers funding and greater oversight of Corps of 
        Engineers analyses.
            (3) Demand for recreation, clean water, and healthy 
        wildlife habitat must be reflected in the Corps of Engineers 
        project planning process.
            (4) The social and environmental impacts of dams, levees, 
        shoreline stabilization structures, and other projects must be 
        adequately mitigated.
            (5) Affected interests must play a larger role in Corps of 
        Engineers project development.
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are as follows:
            (1) To ensure that the Nation's water resources investments 
        are economically justified and enhance the environment.
            (2) To provide independent review of Corps of Engineers 
        feasibility studies.
            (3) To ensure that mitigation for Corps of Engineers 
        projects is successful and cost-effective.
            (4) To enhance the involvement of affected interests in 
        Corps of Engineers feasibility studies.
            (5) To revise Corps of Engineers planning principles to 
        meet the economic and environmental needs of riverside and 
        coastal communities.

SEC. 3. DEFINITION OF SECRETARY.

    In this Act, the term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of the 
Army.

                       TITLE I--PROJECT PLANNING

SEC. 101. INDEPENDENT REVIEW.

    Title IX of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (100 Stat. 
4183 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 952. INDEPENDENT REVIEW.

    ``(a) Projects Subject to Independent Review.--The Secretary shall 
ensure that feasibility reports for the following water resources 
projects are subject to review by an independent panel of experts 
established under this section:
            ``(1) Projects with an estimated total cost of more than 
        $25,000,000, including mitigation costs.
            ``(2) Projects that are controversial, as described in 
        subsection (f).
    ``(b) Office of Independent Review.--
            ``(1) Establishment.--There is established in the Corps of 
        Engineers an Office of Independent Review (in this section 
        referred to as the `Office').
            ``(2) Director.--
                    ``(A) Appointment.--The head of the Office shall be 
                the Director of the Office of Independent Review (in 
                this section referred to as the `Director'), who shall 
                be appointed by the Secretary for a term of 3 years.
                    ``(B) Qualifications.--The Secretary shall select 
                the Director from among individuals who are 
                distinguished scholars.
                    ``(C) Terms.--An individual may not serve for more 
                than 1 term as the Director.
            ``(3) Duties.--The Director shall establish a panel of 
        experts to review each project subject to review under 
        subsection (a).
    ``(c) Establishment of Panels.--
            ``(1) Membership.--A panel of experts established by the 
        Director for a project shall be composed of not less than 5 and 
        not more than 9 independent experts who represent a balance of 
        areas of expertise, including biologists, engineers, and 
        economists.
            ``(2) Limitation on appointments.--The Director shall not 
        appoint an individual to serve on a panel of experts for a 
        project if the individual has a financial or close professional 
        association with any organization or group with a strong 
        financial or organizational interest in the project.
            ``(3) Consultation.--The Director shall consult with the 
        National Academy of Sciences in developing lists of individuals 
        to serve on panels of experts under this section.
            ``(4) Compensation.--An individual serving on a panel of 
        experts under this section shall be compensated at a rate of 
        pay to be determined by the Secretary.
            ``(5) Travel expenses.--An individual serving on a panel of 
        experts under this section shall receive travel expenses, 
        including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with 
        sections 5702 and 5703 of title 5, United States Code.
    ``(d) Duties of Panels.--A panel of experts established for a 
project under this section shall--
            ``(1) review the feasibility report prepared for the 
        project after the identification of a preferred alternative;
            ``(2) receive written and oral comments of a technical 
        nature concerning the project from the public; and
            ``(3) submit to the Secretary a report containing the 
        panel's economic, engineering, and environmental analyses of 
        the project, including the panel's conclusions on the 
        feasibility report, with particular emphasis on areas of public 
        controversy.
    ``(e) Duration of Project Reviews.--A panel of experts shall 
complete its review of a project under this section not later than 180 
days after the date of establishment of the panel.
    ``(f) Controversial Projects.--For purposes of subsection (a), a 
project shall be considered to be a controversial project if--
            ``(1) the Secretary determines that the project is subject 
        to a substantial degree of public controversy;
            ``(2) the affected State objects to the project; or
            ``(3) pursuant to the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act 
        (16 U.S.C. 661 et seq.), the United States Fish and Wildlife 
        Service determines that the project is likely to have a 
        significant adverse effect on fish and wildlife after taking 
        into account any proposed mitigation plan.
    ``(g) Recommendations of Panel.--After receiving a report on a 
project from a panel of experts under this section, the Secretary 
shall--
            ``(1) consider any recommendations contained in the report;
            ``(2) make the report available for public review; and
            ``(3) include a copy of the report in any report 
        transmitted to Congress concerning the project.
    ``(h) Costs.--The cost of conducting a review of a project under 
this section shall not exceed $250,000 and shall be considered as part 
of the total cost of the project. The Secretary may waive the $250,000 
limitation in the preceding sentence for good cause.''.

SEC. 102. STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT.

    (a) In General.--Section 905 of the Water Resources Development Act 
of 1986 (33 U.S.C. 2282) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Stakeholder Advisory Group.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a 
        stakeholder advisory group to assist the Secretary with the 
        development of each feasibility study under subsection (a) and 
        to enhance public participation in the feasibility study.
            ``(2) Membership.--The membership of the advisory group 
        shall include balanced representation of social, economic, and 
        environmental interest groups.
            ``(3) Applicability of Federal Advisory Committee Act.--The 
        Federal Advisory Committee Act (15 U.S.C. App.) shall apply to 
        the advisory group.''.

SEC. 103. MONITORING.

    Title IX of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (100 Stat. 
4183 et seq.) is further amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 953. MONITORING.

    ``The Secretary shall monitor the economic and environmental 
results (including the results of mitigation) of each water resources 
project with an estimated total cost of more than $25,000,000, for a 
period of not less than 15 years, and shall provide annual reports to 
Congress on the performance of the project. The cost of such monitoring 
shall be a Federal expense.''.

SEC. 104. RECOMMENDATIONS.

    Title IX of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (100 Stat. 
4183 et seq.) is further amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 954. RECOMMENDATIONS.

    ``The Secretary shall not recommend an initial recommended plan for 
a proposed project until all project costs, including mitigation costs, 
have been calculated.''.

SEC. 105. PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES.

    Section 209 of the Flood Control Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 1962-2) is 
amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 209. CONGRESSIONAL STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES.

    ``(a) In General.--It is the intent of Congress that economic 
development and environmental protection and restoration be co-equal 
goals of water resources planning and development.
    ``(b) Revision of Principles and Guidelines.--The Secretary shall 
revise the principles and guidelines for flood control projects--
            ``(1) to incorporate--
                    ``(A) a national ecological restoration account;
                    ``(B) a national economic development account; and
                    ``(C) an optimum trade-off plan to maximize the 
                benefits of the accounts;
            ``(2) to incorporate new techniques in risk and uncertainty 
        analysis;
            ``(3) to eliminate biases and disincentives for 
        nonstructural flood damage reduction projects;
            ``(4) to incorporate new analytical techniques; and
            ``(5) to encourage, to the maximum extent practicable, the 
        restoration of aquatic ecosystems.
    ``(c) Update of Guidance.--The Secretary shall update the Guidance 
for Conducting Civil Works Planning Studies (ER 1105-2-100) to comply 
with this section.''.

SEC. 106. ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORY BOARD.

    Section 905(b) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 
U.S.C. 2282(b)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(b) Before initiating'' and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(b) Reconnaissance Studies.--
            ``(1) In general.--Before initiating'';
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Review by environmental advisory board.--The 
        Environmental Advisory Board of the Corps of Engineers shall 
        review all reconnaissance studies performed under this 
        subsection to assess whether a proposed project is likely to 
        have environmental impacts that cannot be successfully or cost-
        effectively mitigated and shall make recommendations to the 
        Secretary based on the review. The Secretary shall consider the 
        recommendations of the Environmental Advisory Board on a 
        project before recommending that a feasibility study be 
        conducted for the project based on a reconnaissance report.''; 
        and
            (3) by aligning the remainder of the text of paragraph (1) 
        (as designated by paragraph (1) of this subsection) with 
        paragraph (2) (as added by paragraph (2) of this subsection).

                          TITLE II--MITIGATION

SEC. 201. FULL MITIGATION.

    Section 906(d) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 (33 
U.S.C. 2283(a)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(d) After the date'' and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(d) Mitigation Plans as Part of Project Proposals.--
            ``(1) In general.--After the date'';
            (2) in the first sentence of paragraph (1) (as so 
        designated) by inserting ``fully'' before ``mitigate'';
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Standards for mitigation.--To mitigate losses to fish 
        and wildlife resulting from a water resources project, the 
        Secretary shall meet the highest standards typically required 
        of private parties under related Federal programs and shall, at 
        a minimum, acquire and restore an acre of habitat to replace 
        each acre of habitat negatively impacted by the project. If the 
        project negatively impact resources other than aquatic and 
        terrestrial habitat, the Secretary shall take steps to ensure 
        that impacted resources, such as fish killed by vessels, are 
        replaced on at least a one-to-one basis.
            ``(3) Design of mitigation projects.--The Secretary shall 
        design mitigation projects to reflect contemporary 
        understanding of the importance of spatial distribution of 
        habitat and the natural hydrology of aquatic ecosystems, and 
        shall fully mitigate the adverse hydrologic impacts of 
        projects.
            ``(4) Recommendation of projects.--The Secretary shall not 
        recommend a water resources project alternative or choose a 
        project alternative in any final record of decision, 
        environmental impact statement, or environmental assessment 
        completed after the date of enactment of this paragraph unless 
        the Secretary determines that the mitigation plan for the 
        alternative will cost-effectively and successfully mitigate the 
        adverse impacts of the project on aquatic resources and fish 
        and wildlife.
            ``(5) Completion of mitigation before construction of new 
        projects.--The Secretary shall complete all planned mitigation 
        in a particular watershed before constructing any new water 
        resources project in that watershed.''; and
            (4) by aligning the remainder of the text of paragraph (1) 
        (as designated by paragraph (1) of this subsection) with 
        paragraphs (2) through (5) (as added by paragraph (3) of this 
        subsection).

SEC. 202. CONCURRENT MITIGATION.

    Section 906(a)(1) of the Water Resources Development Act of 1986 
(33 U.S.C. 2283(a)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
``To ensure concurrent mitigation, the Secretary shall complete 50 
percent of required mitigation before beginning project construction, 
and shall use a proportionate amount of project construction funding to 
complete the required mitigation.''.

Answer:
Establishes in the Army Corps of Engineers an Office of Independent Review to review the projects covered under this title. Defines as controversial projects those which: (1) are subject to a substantial degree of public controversy; (2) the affected State objects to; or (3) the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service determines are likely to have a significant adverse effect on fish and wildlife after taking into account any proposed mitigation plan. Limits to $250,000 the cost of a review, authorizing the Secretary to waive such limit for good cause shown.
(Sec. 102) Directs the Secretary to establish a stakeholder advisory group to assist the Secretary with the development of each feasibility study under this title and to enhance public participation in such study.
(Sec. 103) Directs the Secretary to monitor the economic and environmental results of each project having an estimated total cost of more than $25 million and to report annually to Congress on such project's performance.
(Sec. 104) Prohibits the Secretary from recommending a plan for a proposed project until all project costs, including mitigation, have been calculated.
(Sec. 105) Directs the Secretary to revise the principles and guidelines for flood control projects to: (1) incorporate a national ecological restoration account, a national economic development account, and an optimum trade-off plan to maximize account benefits; (2) incorporate new techniques in risk and uncertainty analysis; (3) eliminate biases and disincentives for nonstructural flood damage projects; (4) incorporate new analytical techniques; and (5) encourage the restoration of aquatic ecosystems.
(Sec. 106) Requires the Corp's Environmental Advisory Board to review all water resource reconnaissance studies to assess whether a proposed project is likely to have environmental impacts that cannot be successfully mitigated and to make recommendations to the Secretary based on such review.
Title II: Mitigation
 - Requires the submission of a plan which will fully mitigate (currently, only mitigate) fish and wildlife losses created by a project before the Secretary may propose the authorization of such project to Congress. Directs the Secretary, in such mitigation, to meet the highest standards typically required of private parties under related Federal programs and to acquire and restore at least an acre of habitat to replace each acre negatively impacted by the project. Prohibits the Secretary from recommending a project alternative unless the Secretary determines that the mitigation plan for the alternative project will cost-effectively and successfully mitigate all adverse impacts of such project on aquatic resources and fish and wildlife. Requires the Secretary to complete all planned mitigation in a particular watershed before constructing any new project in that watershed.
(Sec. 202) Requires the Secretary, to ensure concurrent mitigation, to complete 50 percent of all required project mitigation before beginning project construction and to use a proportionate amount of project funding to complete such mitigation.