TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : Philip II (Spanish: "Felipe II" ; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as "Philip I", "Filipe I"), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and "jure uxoris" King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58). He was also Duke of Milan. From 1555, he was lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands. Context_2 : Stephen of Durazzo (born Stefano di Durazzo, later known as Estêvão de Nápoles in Portugal) (c.1320-1380) was an Italian nobleman and warrior, the claimed youngest son of John, Duke of Durazzo, ruler of the Kingdom of Albania, by his wife Agnés de Périgord and a grandson of king Charles II of Naples. But this is a posterior fabrication, as the origin of the surname de Nápoles, for there is no notice of any such legitimate or bastard son of a Prince of Naples. He moved to Portugal as a crusader, having fought the Moors alongside "his cousin" king Afonso IV of Portugal at the battle of Salado, as mentioned in Duarte Nunes de Leão's "Chronicles of the Kings of Portugal". Known in Portugal as Estêvão de Nápoles ("Stephen of Naples"), he gave origin to the Portuguese family Nápoles, a false branch of the royal Capetian House of Anjou-Naples. Context_3 : Southern Italy or Mezzogiorno (] , literally "midday") is a macroregion of Italy traditionally encompassing the territories of the former Kingdom of the two Sicilies (all the southern section of the Italian Peninsula and Sicily), with the frequent addition of the island of Sardinia. It generally coincides with the administrative regions of Abruzzo, Apulia, Basilicata, Campania, Calabria, Molise, Sicily, and usually Sardinia. Some also include the southernmost and easternmost parts of Lazio (the Sora, Cassino, Gaeta, Cittaducale, Formia, and Amatrice districts) within the "Mezzogiorno", since they were once part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The island of Sardinia, although for cultural and historical reasons having less in common with the aforementioned regions, is frequently included as Southern Italy or "Mezzogiorno", often for statistical and economical purposes. Context_4 : The Duke of Carcaci (Italian: "Duca di Cárcaci" ) (pron: "Car-catch-ee") is the head of one branch of the Paternò Castello family, an ancient Sicilian noble family. The estate of Cárcaci, from which the dukedom is named, is situated in Sicily, 20 miles north-west of Catania (where survives the ducal palazzo), at the junction of the River Simeto and River Salso. It is thus situated about 15 miles west of the crater of Mount Etna. The historic estate of Paternò, now a town, is situated about 10 miles north-west of Catania, midway between that town and Carcaci. The first Duke of Carcaci was Don Vincenzo Paternò Castello (1681–1767) who in 1725 was created a duke of the Kingdom of Naples by Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Naples, who had gained control of the Kingdom of Naples in 1714 and of Sicily in 1720. Carcaci had become the seat of a feudal barony shortly after the Norman Conquest of Sicily in 1061, when the first castle was built on the site. The barony and estate was not acquired by this branch of the Paternò Castello family, the principal historic seat of the senior line of which was Paternò Castle, until 1719. Context_5 : James II (10 August 1267 – 2 or 5 November 1327), called the Just, was the King of Aragon and Valencia and Count of Barcelona from 1291 to 1327. He was also the King of Sicily (as James I) from 1285 to 1295 and the King of Majorca from 1291 to 1298. From 1297 he was nominally the King of Sardinia and Corsica, but he only acquired the island of Sardinia by onquest in 1324. His full title for the last three decades of his reign was "James, by the grace of God, king of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica, and count of Barcelona" (Latin: "Iacobus Dei gracia rex Aragonum, Valencie, Sardinie, et Corsice ac comes Barchinone"). Context_6 : Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily (Maria Cristina Amelia Teresa; 17 January 1779 – 11 March 1849) was a Princess of Naples and Sicily and later Queen of Sardinia as wife of King Charles Felix. Context_7 : Tiburzio Spannocchi (1541–1609) (also Spanucchi, Spanochi, Spanoqui, Hispanochi etc.) was "king's engineer" to Philip II of Spain and subsequently to Philip III of Spain. He was named "Chief Engineer" in 1601. Context_8 : Philip III (Spanish: "Felipe" ; 14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621) was King of Spain. He was also, as Philip II, King of Portugal, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia and Duke of Milan. Context_9 : Maria Theresa of Austria (21 March 1801 – 12 January 1855) was born an Archduchess of Austria and Princess of Tuscany. She was a daughter of Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Luisa of Naples and Sicily. She was named after her double great grandmother Empress Maria Theresa. In 1817, she married Charles Albert of Sardinia and subsequently became the Queen of Sardinia upon her husband's accession to the throne in 1831. Context_10 : René of Anjou (Occitan: "Rainièr d'Anjau" ; French: "René d'Anjou" ; 1409–1480), also known as René I of Naples (Italian: "Renato I di Napoli" ) and Good King René (Occitan: "Rai Rainièr lo Bòn" ; French: "Le bon roi René" ), was count of Piedmont, Duke of Bar (1430–80), Duke of Lorraine (1431–53), Duke of Anjou, Count of Provence (1434–80), King of Naples (1435–42; titular 1442–80), titular King of Jerusalem (1438–80) and Aragon including Sicily, Majorca and Corsica (1466–70). fact_1 : Tiburzio Spannocchi (1541–1609) (also Spanucchi, Spanochi, Spanoqui, Hispanochi etc.) was "king's engineer" to Philip II of Spain and subsequently to Philip III of Spain. fact_2 : Philip III (Spanish: "Felipe" ; 14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621) was King of Spain. fact_3 :  He was also, as Philip II, King of Portugal, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia and Duke of Milan. Question: Who was the "king's engineer" to the  King of Portugal, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia and Duke of Milan?

SOLUTION: Tiburzio Spannocchi

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Lois Greenfield (born April 18, 1949) is an American photographer best known for her unique approach to photographing the human form in motion. Born in NYC, she attended Hunter College Elementary School, the Fieldston School, and Brandeis University. She majored in Anthropology and expected to become an ethnographic filmmaker but instead she became a photojournalist for local Boston newspapers. She traveled around the world on various assignments as a photojournalist but her career path changed in the mid 1970s when she was assigned to shoot a dress rehearsal for a dance concert. She has since specialized in photographing dancers not in performance, but in her photo studio as part of her exploration of the expressive potential of movement. She has created countless classic images for the world’s most well known dance companies such as Alvin Ailey, Martha Graham, Merce Cunningham, Paul Taylor, Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company, and American Ballet Theatre. Her work has been published in countless periodicals, and has been exhibited in museums and galleries around the world. Based in New York City, she gives workshops and lectures in schools around the world. Context_2 : Bill T. Jones (born February 15, 1952) is an American artistic director, choreographer and dancer. Jones has received numerous awards for his work and is the co-founder of the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. He is Artistic Director of New York Live Arts, the company's home base, which hosts an annual curated season of performances and a range of other activities. Context_3 : Janet Lilly (born August 15, 1957) is an American modern dancer and choreographer. She was a principal dancer for Bill T. Jones and Arnie Zane's company from 1983–1991. She currently serves as the Director of the UNCG College of Visual and Performing Arts, School of Dance at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. From 2012–2014 she the president of the Board of Directors of Iyengar Yoga National United States Association. Context_4 : New York Live Arts [Live Arts] is a movement-focused arts organization in New York City that serves as the home of the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. Its activities encompass commissioning, producing, and presenting works of dance, performance and music, together with allied education programming and services for artists. Live Arts is located in New York City’s Chelsea neighborhood. Its building features a 184-seat theater, rehearsal studios and offices. The organization was formed in 2011 when Dance Theater Workshop [DTW] and the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company merged. Context_5 : Arnie Zane (September 26, 1948 – March 30, 1988) was an American photographer, choreographer, and dancer. He is best known as the co-founder and co-artistic director of the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. Context_6 : Arthur Avilés (born 1963) is an American Bessie Award-winning dancer and choreographer of Puerto Rican descent. Avilés was born in Queens, New York, and raised in Long Island and the Bronx. He graduated from Bard College, a liberal arts college in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York. After graduating from Bard, he became a member of the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company, and toured internationally with the company for eight years 1987 to 1995. Context_7 : Germaul Barnes was born June 2, 1971 in Phoenix, Arizona where he studied at The Center of Performing Arts at South Mountain High School, Phoenix School of Ballet and Ballet Arizona. Currently living in Brooklyn, New York and is the founder and artistic director of Viewsic Dance, a dance organization dedicated to the development of local and international contemporary dancers. He continued his dance training at the University of the Arts-Philadelphia. In the early part of his career, he performed with Bill T. Jones/Arine Zane Dance Company where he received the 2003 BESSIES -New York and Performance Award, Cleo Parker Robinson Dance Ensemble, Jose Tmim, Movement Source Dance Company, Group Motions Dance Company, Pacific Conservatory Theatre and as guest performer with numerous ballet and contemporary dance company worldwide. He formed Viewsic Dance-VD (formerly Viewsic Expressions) in 1993 and has since created over 50 works for this project-by-project company. Context_8 : Dancer and choreographer Ronald K. Brown founded the dance company Evidence in New York in 1985. Brown's work incorporates modern dance, Senegalese Sabar and other West African movement vocabularies, Afro-Caribbean dance, and contemporary urban dance from around the world. He has choreographed numerous works for his own company, as well as for Philadanco, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, the Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival, the Maimouna Keita West African Dance Company, and many others. Brown has received numerous awards, including a Guggenheim Fellowship, a Bessie Award, a Black Theater Alliance Award, and an Audelco Award for the choreography of Regina Taylor's musical Crowns. He has also been a guest artist at The Sharon Disney Lund School of Dance at CalArts. He studied dance with Mary Anthony. Context_9 : The Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company is an American dance company based out of Harlem in New York City. Founded in 1983 by Bill T. Jones and Arnie Zane, the company made its debut performance at the Brooklyn Academy of Music with the world premiere of "Intuitive Momentum" with lauded drummer Max Roach. The company has since drawn international acclaim, performing in more than 200 cities in 30 countries. Context_10 : Helen Louise Thorington (born November 16, 1928 in Philadelphia, PA) is an American sound artist and writer. She is also the founder of New Radio and Performing Arts (1981), a nonprofit organization based in New York City; the founder and executive producer of "New American Radio" (1987-1998); and the founder and co-director of Turbulence.org (1996-). Thorington began composing in 1977; her first works were aired on National Public Radio on such programs as "Options", "Voices in the Wind", and "All Things Considered". In 1978, she began composing music for dance, collaborating with Bill T. Jones, Arnie Zane, and Lois Welk. She has performed nationally, including at Kennedy Center, Jacob's Pillow, Dance Theatre Workshop, and The Kitchen. Thorington began creating Internet art in the mid-1990s, co-producing several multimedia, hypertext narratives and networked performances that culminated in an installation of the seminal work, "Adrift", at The New Museum in 2001. fact_1 :  From 2012–2014 she the president of the Board of Directors of Iyengar Yoga National United States Association. fact_2 :  Jones has received numerous awards for his work and is the co-founder of the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company. Question: Who has received numerous awards for his work and is the co-founder of the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company, and had the president of the Board of Directors of Iyengar Yoga National United States Association From 2012–2014 as a principal dancer?

SOLUTION: Bill T. Jones

PROBLEM: Context_1 : The Halls Heeler was a dog bred by Thomas Simpson Hall to herd cattle on the Hall family's extensive properties in north-western New South Wales in the 19th century. On "Dartbrook Station", in the Upper Hunter Valley, Hall selectively crossed the offspring of Northumberland Drover's Dogs (Border Collie lineage) that he had imported, with progeny of dingoes that he had tamed. By 1840 he had bred the type of dog that he needed to control cattle on the massive runs that his family owned, and until he died in 1870 few of these dogs were owned and used by anyone outside the Hall family and their workers. However the death of Thomas Hall and the break-up of the Hall estate coincided with the development of the dog show, and an interest in breeding dogs to specific criteria or standards. The Halls Heeler was further developed into two contemporary dog breeds the Australian Cattle Dog and the Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog. The name is spelled both with the possessive apostrophe, as Hall's Heeler, and without. Context_2 : The Romanian Raven Shepherd Dog is a very large Romanian livestock guardian dog, taxonomized within the second group of dog breeds - Pinscher and Schanuzer - Molossoid Breeds - Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs, section 2.2: Molossoid Breeds - Mountain type. Context_3 : The Companion and Toy Dog Group is a designation used only by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale for a group of dog breeds consisting entirely of Toy Dogs. Context_4 : Herding Group is the name of a breed group of dogs, used by kennel clubs to classify a defined collection of dog breeds. It does not refer to one particular type of dog. How the "Herding Group" is defined varies among kennel clubs, and different kennel clubs may not include the same breeds in their "Herding Group". Some kennel clubs do not use the term "Herding Group". The international kennel club association, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale, does not have a "Herding Group", and includes most pastoral dogs in Group 1 "Sheepdogs and Cattle Dogs (except Swiss Cattle Dogs)" and Group 2 "Pinscher and Schnauzer - Molossoid Breeds - Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs". Context_5 : The Sheepdogs and Cattle Dogs Group is a designation used only by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale for a group of dog breeds consisting of Sheepdogs and Cattle dogs, except for Swiss Cattle Dogs. Context_6 : Pastoral Group is the name of a breed Group of dogs, used by kennel clubs (primarily The Kennel Club) to classify a defined collection of dog breeds and does not refer to one particular type of dog. The international kennel club association, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale, does not have a "Pastoral Group", and includes most pastoral dogs in Group 1 "Sheepdogs and Cattle Dogs (except Swiss Cattle Dogs)". Context_7 : The Spitz and Primitive Types Group is a designation used only by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale for a group of dog breeds consisting of Spitz Type Dogs and Primitive Type Dogs. Context_8 : The Retriever, Flushing Dog and Water Dog Group is a designation used only by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale for a group of dog breeds consisting of Retrievers, Flushing Dogs and Water Dogs. Context_9 : The collie is a distinctive type of herding dog, including many related landraces and standardised breeds. The type originated in Scotland and Northern England. The collie is a medium-sized, fairly lightly built dog, with a pointed snout. Many types have a distinctive white pattern over the shoulders. Collies are very active and agile, and most types of collies have a very strong herding instinct. Collie breeds have spread through many parts of the world (especially Australia and North America) and have diversified into many varieties, sometimes with mixture from other dog types. Some collie breeds have remained as working dogs, used for herding cattle, sheep and other livestock, while others are kept as pets, show dogs or for dog sports, in which they display great agility, stamina and trainability. While the AKC has a breed they call "Collie", in fact collie dogs are a distinctive type of herding dog including many related landraces and formal breeds. There are usually major distinctions between show dogs and those bred for herding trials or dog sports. They typically display great agility, stamina and trainability and more importantly sagacity. Context_10 : Sennenhund, called Swiss mountain dogs or Swiss cattle dogs in English, are a type of dog originating in the Swiss Alps. The Sennenhund are farm dogs of the general molosser type. There are four breeds of Sennenhund, all sporting a unique tricolor coat. While the two larger ones share a heavy build and a calm temperament, the two smaller ones are more agile. The breeds range from medium in size to very large. The name Sennenhund refers to people called "Senn" or Senner, Swiss alpine herdsmen and dairymen, and does not translate as "mountain" or "cattle". fact_1 : The Sheepdogs and Cattle Dogs Group is a designation used only by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale for a group of dog breeds consisting of Sheepdogs and Cattle dogs, except for Swiss Cattle Dogs. fact_2 :  The Sennenhund are farm dogs of the general molosser type. Question: The designation is used by only who, for a group of dog breeds consisting of Sheepdogs and Cattle dogs except for a farm dogs of the general molosser type?

SOLUTION:
Fédération Cynologique Internationale