Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
We aimed at analyzing the frequency, clinical characteristics, and trends associated with the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of type 1 diabetes on the basis of long-term follow-up data.', 'A total of 106 pediatric diabetes centers in Germany and Austria participated in this study. Data from 14,664 patients with type 1 diabetes collected between 1995 and 2007 were suitable for evaluation. DKA was defined and classified according to the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes consensus guidelines.', 'DKA was observed in 21.1% of patients. The frequency of DKA, including the severe form, remained unchanged throughout the 13-year observation period. The frequency of DKA was particularly striking among children <5 years of age (26.5%).

Ex Output:
1


Ex Input:
We demonstrated previously that striatal adenosine modulates ethanol-induced motor incoordination (EIMI) via adenosine A1 receptors coupled to pertussis toxin (PT)-sensitive G protein and adenylyl cyclase-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Additionally, intrastriatal (IST) PT antagonizes EIMI and its potentiation by the adenosine A1 agonist N-cyclohexyladenosine; it also inhibits cAMP concentration.', 'Guide cannulas were stereotaxically implanted for IST pretreatment with PT followed 5 days later by IST of N-cyclohexyladenosine and intraperitoneal ethanol. The adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation reaction involved PT-catalyzed [P]nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) labeling of rat striatal membranes. Antagonism of EIMI (Rotorod method) after IST microinfusion of PT was investigated to determine whether it was due to a decrease in the functional activity of G proteins due to ADP ribosylation of the Gialpha subunit caused it.', 'Striatal membranes from IST PT (0.5 microg)-treated animals exhibited significantly attenuated (up to 90%) in vitro ADP ribosylation with [P]NAD. Striatal membranes from animals injected with ethanol (1.5 g/kg intraperitoneally) exhibited statistically significant increase (11%) in in vitro ADP ribosylation. Similarly, ethanol (50 mM) added to striatal membranes from untreated animals produced significant stimulation of in vitro ADP ribosylation. The decrease in the functional activity of G proteins due to ADP ribosylation of the Gialpha subunit after IST PT was functionally correlated with marked attenuation in EIMI, as observed previously. This finding suggests a blockade of functional activity of PT-sensitive striatal Gi/Go proteins (i.e., fewer available sites for labeled NAD incorporation). The in vivo ethanol results indicate that it must have caused an increase in the ribosylation capacity of Gialpha in vivo (i.e., increased Gi activity). Increased ADP ribosylation by in vitro ethanol increases Gi/Go activity, consistent with EIMI, as previously reported.

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
The treatment of choice for aortic valve insufficiency due to root dilatation has become root replacement with aortic valve sparing. However, root replacement with a synthetic graft may result in altered valve stresses. The purpose of this study was to compare the stress/strain patterns in the spared aortic valve in different root replacement procedures by means of finite element modeling.', 'Our finite element model of the normal human root and valve was modified to simulate and evaluate three surgical techniques: (1) "cylindrical" graft sutured below the valve at the anulus, (2) "tailored" graft sutured just above the valve, and (3) "pseudosinus" graft, tailored and sutured below the valve at the anulus. Simulated diastolic pressures were applied, and stresses and strains were calculated for the valve, root, and graft. Leaflet coaptation was also quantified.', 'All three root replacement models demonstrated significantly altered leaflet stress patterns as compared with normal patterns. The cylindrical model showed the greatest increases in stress (16%-173%) and strain (10%-98%), followed by the tailored model (stress +10%-157%, strain +9%-36%). The pseudosinus model showed the smallest increase in stress (9%-28%) and strain (2%-31%), and leaflet coaptation was closest to normal.

Ex Output:

1