Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: Intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a proven treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but there has been limited evaluation among patients aged ≥90 years.', 'We analyzed data from the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke national quality improvement registry from January 2009 to April 2013. Frequency, determinants, and outcomes of tPA use were compared among patients aged ≥90 and 3 younger age groups (18-64, 65-79, and 80-89 years).', 'Among 35\u2009708 patients from 1178 sites who arrived within 2 hours of time last known well and received tPA, 2585 (7.2%) were ≥90 years. Compared with younger patients, the rate of tPA use among patients without a documented contraindication was lower among patients aged ≥90 years (67.4% versus 84.1% in 18-89-year olds; P<0.0001). Discharge outcomes among individuals aged ≥90 years included discharge to home or acute rehabilitation in 31.4%, independent ambulation at discharge in 13.4%, symptomatic hemorrhage in 6.1%, and in-hospital mortality or hospice discharge in 36.4%. On multivariable analysis, good functional outcomes generally occurred less often and mortality more often among patients aged ≥90 years. The risk of symptomatic hemorrhage was increased compared with patients <65 years but was not significantly different than the risk in 66- to 89-year olds.

Answer: 1


Question: Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of coronary artery disease (CAD). There is increasing recognition that lesion composition rather than size determines the acute complications of atherosclerotic disease. Low serum adiponectin levels were reported to be associated with coronary artery disease and future incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The impact of adiponectin on lesion composition still remains to be determined.', 'We measured serum adiponectin levels in 303 patients with stable typical or atypical chest pain, who underwent dual-source multi-slice CT-angiography to exclude coronary artery stenosis. Atherosclerotic plaques were classified as calcified, mixed or non-calcified. In bivariate analysis adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with total coronary plaque burden (r = -0.21, p = 0.0004), mixed (r = -0.20, p = 0.0007) and non-calcified plaques (r = -0.18, p = 0.003). No correlation was seen with calcified plaques (r = -0.05, p = 0.39). In a fully adjusted multivariate model adiponectin levels remained predictive of total plaque burden (estimate: -0.036, 95%CI: -0.052 to -0.020, p<0.0001), mixed (estimate: -0.087, 95%CI: -0.132 to -0.042, p = 0.0001) and non-calcified plaques (estimate: -0.076, 95%CI: -0.115 to -0.038, p = 0.0001). Adiponectin levels were not associated with calcified plaques (estimate: -0.021, 95% CI: -0.043 to -0.001, p = 0.06). Since the majority of coronary plaques was calcified, adiponectin levels account for only 3% of the variability in total plaque number. In contrast, adiponectin accounts for approximately 20% of the variability in mixed and non-calcified plaque burden.

Answer: 0


Question: Human obesity is associated with leptin resistance and cholesterol gallstone formation. Previously, we demonstrated that leptin-resistant (Lep(db)) obese mice fed a low cholesterol diet have enlarged gallbladders, but a decreased cholesterol saturation index, despite elevated serum cholesterol. Obese humans, however, consume a high cholesterol diet. Therefore, we hypothesized that on a high cholesterol diet, leptin-resistant mice would have cholesterol saturated bile and would form biliary crystals.', 'Eight-week old female lean control (n = 70) and leptin-resistant (n = 72) mice were fed a 1% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. All animals then had cholecystectomies. Bile was collected, grouped into pools to determine cholesterol saturation index (CSI), and examined for cholesterol crystals. Serum cholesterol and leptin were also measured.', 'Gallbladder volumes for Lep(db) mice were enlarged compared with the lean mice (35.8 microl versus 19.1 microl, P < 0.001), but the CSI for the Lep(db) mice was lower than for the lean animals (0.91 versus 1.15, P < 0.03). The obese animals did not form cholesterol crystals, whereas the lean animals averaged 2.2 crystals per high-powered field (hpf) (P < 0.001). Serum cholesterol and leptin were also elevated (P < 0.001) in the obese animals.

Answer:
0