instruction:
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
question:
Bloodstone, agate, and onyx are chalcedonic varieties of this mineral. Other color variations arise from substituting atoms for silicon; iron for citrine and amethysts, titanium for the rose variety. When cemented it makes sandstone and when fused, silica glass. For ten points, identify this mineral composed of crystalline silicon dioxide.
answer:
Science


question:
It sparked a sermon entitled On the Beauties of Liberty by John Allen, a pastor at the Second Baptist Church, which was widely disseminated. The tragically named Governor Wanton issued a reward of one hundred pounds for the capture of the perpetrators, who were led by Abraham Whipple, while Captain John Linzee offered the survivors shelter on board the Beaver. Hes not to be confused with Benjamin Lindsay, the captain of the sloop Hannah, whose attempts to evade paying customs indirectly led to it. The resulting Royal Commission of Inquiry, outside of local jurisdiction, was attacked as a British kangaroo court by Whigs who demanded a trial in Rhode Island. For ten points, name this 1772 incident in which a British warship was burned by angry patriots.
answer:
History


question:
Redpath, Thaden, and Fong found that E. Coli could be transformed from streptomycin-sensitive to streptomycin-resistant in the presence of this. Since this depends on the phase velocity, this can be achieved with very low particle velocities in a periodic medium, an effect known as the Smith-Purcell effect. Experiments such as VERITAS and MAGIC seek to determine the source and intensity of cosmic rays by detecting this, and Nag and Sayied found certain cases in which the energy released by this was larger than predicted by the Frank-Tamm formula, the usual method of calculating the amount of this emitted. For ten points, name this phenomenon, the subject of the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics, caused by charged particles traveling faster than the speed of light in a medium, a type of radiation famous for the blue glow it gives nuclear reactors.
answer:

Science