In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
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Question: both anderson, supra, and page, supra, are now expressly overruled.

Answer: overruling


Question: fernandes v. dar dev. corp., inc., 222 n.j. 390, 403-04 (2015) (citing townsend v. pierre, 221 n.j. 36, 51 (2015)).

Answer: non-overruling


Question: on the contrary, what impresses me is the obduracy of high-minded state courts, like that of new york under the leadership of judge cardozo, in refusing to adopt the federal rule of exclusion.

Answer:
non-overruling