Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Immune monitoring (IM) has not been shown to be associated with cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV).', 'Maximal intimal area, average percent stenosis, plaque volume, and maximal intimal thickness (MIT) were measured for matched baseline and one-yr IVUS segments in a blinded fashion. Patients were divided into quartiles by IM scores and outcomes compared. Optimal IM cutoff was determined.', 'IM assays were measured at 63.7 ± 16.4 d after transplantation in fifty patients. Progression of maximal intimal area (p = 0.005), average percent stenosis (p < 0.001), plaque volume (p = 0.005), and MIT (p = 0.001) were increased across the quartiles. An optimal IM assay cutoff of 406.0 ng ATP/mL demonstrated a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 94.3% for predicting rapid progression of MIT ≥ 0.5 mm. Mean IM scores for Group 1 vs. Group 2 were 176.4 ± 102.2 and 616.3 ± 239.5 ngATP/mL, respectively. Rapid progression of MIT ≥ 0.5 mm occurred in 5/38 patients (13.2%) in Group 1 vs. 10/12 patients (83.3%) in Group 2 (p < 0.001). The risk ratio for rapid progression with elevated IM was 11.7 (p < 0.001).
Is elevated immune monitoring early after cardiac transplantation associated with increased plaque progression by intravascular ultrasound?

Elevated levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but several questions remain outstanding. Firstly, it has not yet been determined whether an additional BNP sample at 7 weeks post ACS would enhance risk prediction. Secondly, we assessed whether the prognostic potential of BNP in ACS could be explained by echocardiographic abnormalities such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).', 'We measured bedside BNP levels in 443 consecutive patients presenting with ACS and at 7 weeks outpatient follow-up. Main outcome measure was either all-cause mortality, readmission with ACS, or congestive heart failure) at 10 months from presentation.', 'Of the 443 patients, 120 patients presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (27%). There were 90 cardiovascular (CV) events at 10 months. Adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, renal dysfunction, left ventricular ejection fraction, and echocardiographic LVH elevated near patient BNP levels (>80 pg/mL) were still associated with subsequent CV events when measured on admission (adjusted relative risk [RR] 2.63 [95% CI 1.34-5.19)] and also at 7 weeks post ACS (adjusted RR 4.12 [95% CI 1.58-10.72]). Patients with persistent BNP elevation at 7 weeks were also at an increased risk of CV events compared to those with an initial high BNP which then fell (unadjusted RR 4.04 [95% CI 1.24-13.15]).
Does serial bedside B-type natriuretic peptide strongly predict prognosis in acute coronary syndrome independent of echocardiographic abnormalities?

p53 Is known to be a tumor-suppressor gene and has been suggested to play an important role for multistep carcinogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). To evaluate the role of ultraviolet light (UV) in p53 mutation in squamous cell carcinogenesis, paraffin-embedded sections of SCCs were immunohistochemically stained with the CM-1 antibody for p53 protein. Positive staining suggests mutation of the p53 gene since the mutant p53 protein gains prolonged half-life to be detectable by this method. The specimen included SCCs induced by UV (SCCs on sun-exposed areas, SCCs on patients with xeroderma pigmentosum), roentgen rays, scar, and miscellaneous causes. In addition, solar keratoses that are precancerous lesions of UV-related SCCs were also analyzed.', 'Fourteen (54%) of 26 UV-related SCCs were positive, whereas five (19%) of 26 UV-unrelated SCCs were positive. Among the UV-related SCCs, five (45%) of 11 well-differentiated SCCs and nine (60%) of 15 moderately to poorly differentiated SCCs were positive. Eleven (48%) of 23 solar keratoses were positive for p53.

Is expression of p53 protein an early event in ultraviolet light-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinogenesis?