TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
PROBLEM: Context: Galbeta1-4GlcNAcalpha2-6 sialyltransferase (ST6GalI) is an acute phase reactant whose release from cells can be induced by proinflammatory cytokines. Because patients with chronic renal failure have high circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, we hypothesized that patients on the renal transplant waiting list would have high circulating levels of ST6GalI, which might adversely affect post-transplant events.', 'Levels of ST6GalI were measured in the serum of 70 patients immediately before renal transplant; these were correlated with posttransplant events, such as delayed graft function and rejection.', 'The mean serum level of ST6GalI was significantly higher in the patients (3162+/-97 U) than in 19 controls (2569 +/- 125 U; P<0.003). Patients who required dialysis posttransplant for treatment of delayed graft function (n=20) had significantly higher levels of ST6GalI pretransplant (3735+/-228 U) than patients (n=50) who did not require dialysis (2933+/-83 U; P<0.0001). In a multivariate analysis the ST6GalI level and cold ischemic time were found to be independent risk factors for the development of delayed graft function.\Question: Do increased levels of GALbeta1-4GLCNACalpha2-6 sialyltransferase pretransplant predict delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients?

SOLUTION: ST6GalI levels are high in renal failure patients awaiting a renal transplant and may be a risk factor for the development of delayed graft function. The assessment and perhaps modulation of a potential transplant recipient's ST6GalI systemic level may be beneficial.

PROBLEM: Context: To determine whether macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptor mRNA and receptor protein that can bind 125I-hCG.', 'Macrophages isolated from term pregnancy human decidua were used for LH/hCG receptor detection by in situ hybridization for receptor mRNA and immunocytochemistry for a macrophage marker, CD68, performed alone and in combination, reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction, Western and ligand blotting. The LH/hCG receptor presence in macrophages in late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea was determined by sequential performance of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry.', 'The macrophages present in term pregnancy human decidua and late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea contain LH/hCG receptors.\Question: Do macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors?

SOLUTION: This is the first demonstration of macrophages present in human reproductive tissues containing LH/hCG receptors. The receptor presence suggests that LH and hCG may regulate macrophage functions in gonadal as well as in non-gonadal target tissues.

PROBLEM: Context: To compare the relative value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in biopsy-naive patients to those with previous negative biopsy. Although MRI-targeted biopsy has been studied in several major prostate cancer (PCa) cohorts (biopsy naive, previous negative biopsy, and active surveillance), the relative benefit in these cohorts has not been established.', 'We retrospectively reviewed biopsy-naive (n = 45) and previous negative biopsy (n = 55) patients who underwent prostate MRI prior to biopsy at our institution. Patients with an MRI suspicious region (MSR) underwent MRI-targeted biopsy as well as a systematic template biopsy, whereas those without MSR underwent only the template biopsy. All biopsies were performed with the TargetScan (Envisioneering, Pittsburgh, PA) biopsy system. MRI targeting was performed with cognitive guidance.', 'On multivariate logistic regression, the presence of an MSR was the only statistically significant and independent predictor of Gleason ≥ 7 PCa on biopsy for biopsy-naive men (odds ratio [OR] 40.2, P = .01). For men with previous negative biopsy, the presence of MSR was not a predictor of Gleason ≥ 7 PCa on biopsy (OR 4.35, P = .16), whereas PSA density > 0.15 ng/mL(2) was a significant and independent predictor (OR 66.2, P < .01).\Question: Does presence of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Suspicious Lesion predict Gleason 7 or Greater Prostate Cancer in Biopsy-Naive Patients?

SOLUTION:
Prostate MRI should be considered prior to biopsy in all patients presenting with clinical suspicion for PCa, as presence of a MSR will help guide prebiopsy counseling and provide an opportunity for MRI targeting during biopsy.