TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
PROBLEM: The aim of the present study was to determine the potential therapeutic value of the lazaroid U-83836E on blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and edema with respect to the changes in the synaptosomal Na+/K+ and Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activities, tissue malondialdehyde levels and the neuronal viability in the rat brain subjected to cerebral trauma.', 'Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was introduced by applying a 75 gm. cm force to the right parietal cortex using the weight-drop method. The first set of animals was used for determining time course changes of the synaptosomal Na+/K+ and Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-ATPase and the malondialdehyde levels and were sacrificed 2, 6 and 24h after lesion production. A group of the animals was treated with U-83836E proir to TBI and sacrificed 24h after cerebral injury. A second set of animals was used for evaluating the alterations in BBB disruption and tissue water content and were sacrificed 2, 6 and 24h after lesion production. Two groups of animals were treated with U-83836E and sacrificed after 2 and 24h following TBI. U-83836E was given intraperitoneally thirty minutes before trauma at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Neuronal necrosis was also evaluated in the groups of U-83836E and physiological saline-treated animals.', 'Extravasation of Evans blue into the traumatized hemisphere was maximum at 2h (p<0.001) and returned close to the control levels at 24h after TBI (p>0.05). Edema had developed progressively over time and reached the maximum degree of 2.1% (p<0.001) at 24h. U-83836E showed no effect on the BBB breakdown and the tissue water content at 2h and still had no effect on the BBB breakdown after 24h following the trauma (p>0.05), although it reduced edema after 24h (p<0.01). The losses of Na+/K+ and Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-ATPase activities were found as 39.5% (p<0.001) and 29.4% (p<0.01) of the control value, respectively, and remained at the decreased levels throughout the experiment. Malondialdehyde level continued to increase over time reaching up to 209% (p<0.001) of the control value 24h after TBI. Both ATPase activities were improved to near control values (p>.05) by the effect of U-83836E. U-83836E inhibited the increase of lipid peroxidation (p<0.001) and also salvaged neuronal necrosis (p<0.05).

SOLUTION: 1

PROBLEM: Accurate prediction of recovery of dysfunctional myocardium would optimize risk/benefit analysis among patients with coronary artery disease and decreased ventricular function. Tissue-tagged magnetic resonance imaging permits quantitative assessment of changes in ventricular function and may improve the prediction of myocardial recovery after coronary artery bypass grafting.', 'Thirteen patients underwent preoperative and postoperative stress magnetic resonance imaging with strain analysis at rest with 5 and 10 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) dobutamine. Two-dimensional strain analysis was performed on a single midventricular short-axis image divided into 6 regions for each patient (n = 78). Regional minimum principal, circumferential, and radial strain values were calculated at each stress level. Regional changes in postoperative strain were correlated with changes in preoperative dobutamine stress by means of logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curves were created to determine the accuracy of preoperative dobutamine stress for the prediction of postoperative myocardial recoverability.', 'Minimum principal, circumferential, and radial strain values at 5 and 10 microg of dobutamine differed significantly from baseline strains (P < .05). Receiver operator characteristic curves found minimum principal strain to be 75% accurate for prediction of recoverability at both stress levels. Circumferential strain was 72% and 70% accurate at 5 and 10 microg, respectively, whereas radial strain was 77% and 64% accurate at 5 and 10 microg, respectively.

SOLUTION: 1

PROBLEM: Arginine deiminase (ADI) and L-arginine (L-Arg) can act as anti-tumor agents in-vitro and in-vivo. However, the mechanism of ADI and L-Arg as anti-tumor agents has not been clearly shown.', 'With the goal of understanding the role of ADI and L-Arg in inhibition of cell growth, we used the Ramos human lymphoma cell line, which is known to be ADI-sensitive, and observed the p53 and NF-κBp65 protein expression after ADI and arginine treatment. After determining an optimal experimental ADI concentration (0.01 U/ml), we studied the effects of ADI treatment, when combined with different concentrations of L-arginine (control, ADI only, ADI with 10 mM/ml Arg, ADI with 30 mM/ml Arg, and ADI with 50 mM/ml Arg). An MTT assay was used to assess cell survival after treatment, Western blot analysis to determine the levels of the NF-κBp65, p53 and NO mediators and nitric oxide assays were used to determine nitrite levels.

SOLUTION:
1