In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

To investigate the efficacy of intracerebral (IC) immunization in preventing viral spread in the brain, we immunized mice with inactivated rabies virus via the subcutaneous (SC) or IC route, followed by administration of a lethal dose of rabies virus (challenge virus standard strain), directly into the brains of immunized mice. Progressive paralytic neurological signs were observed in control and 75% of SC immunized mice, whereas only 20% of IC immunized mice exhibited symptoms. Neutralizing antibody titers in blood plasma were significantly elevated in SC and IC immunized mice, with the highest levels seen in IC immunized mice. Analysis of whole brain lysates revealed a strong induction of immunoglobulin in the brains of IC immunized mice that had virus neutralizing activity. Histopathological examination of brain tissue revealed mild encephalitis and disseminated viral antigen in control and SC immunized mice, but rare in IC immunized mice. These results suggest that IC immunization induces a preventive humoral immune response against intracerebrally inoculated rabies virus. Induction of neutralizing antibody in cerebrospinal fluid represents a putative therapeutic measure for the treatment of rabid animals and humans.
Intracerebral vaccination suppresses the spread of rabies virus in the mouse brain

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious 24 disease localized to China, Japan, and Korea that is characterized by severe hemorrhage and a 25 high fatality rate. Currently, no specific vaccine or treatment has been approved for this 26 disease. To develop a therapeutic agent for SFTS, we isolated antibodies from a phage-27 displayed antibody library that was constructed from a patient who recovered from SFTS 28 virus (SFTSV) infection. One antibody, designated as Ab10, was reactive to the Gn envelope 29 glycoprotein of SFTSV and protected host cells and A129 mice from infection in both in 30 vitro and in vivo experiments. Notably, Ab10 protected 80% of mice, even when injected 5 31 days after inoculation with a lethal dose of SFTSV. Using cross-linker assisted mass 32 spectrometry and alanine scanning, we located the non-linear epitope of Ab10 on the Gn 33 glycoprotein domain II and an unstructured stem region, suggesting that Ab10 may inhibit a 34 conformational alteration that is critical for cell membrane fusion between the virus and host 35 cell. Ab10 reacted to recombinant Gn glycoprotein in Gangwon/Korea/2012, HB28, and SD4 36 strains. Additionally, based on its epitope, we predict that Ab10 binds the Gn glycoprotein in 37 247 of 272 reported SFTSV isolates previously reported. Together, these data suggest that 38 Ab10 has potential to be developed into a therapeutic agent that could protect against more 39 than 90% of reported SFTSV isolates. 40 41
An anti-Gn glycoprotein antibody from a convalescent patient potently 2 inhibits the infection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus

The Ϫ2/Ϫ1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (Ϫ2/Ϫ1 PRF) mechanism in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) leads to the translation of two additional viral proteins, nonstructural protein 2TF (nsp2TF) and nsp2N. This Ϫ2/Ϫ1 PRF mechanism is transactivated by a viral protein, nsp1␤, and cellular poly(rC) binding proteins (PCBPs). Critical elements for Ϫ2/Ϫ1 PRF, including a slippery sequence and a downstream C-rich motif, were also identified in 11 simarteriviruses. However, the slippery sequences (XXXUCUCU instead of XXXUUUUU) in seven simarteriviruses can only facilitate Ϫ2 PRF to generate nsp2TF. The nsp1␤ of simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) was identified as a key factor that transactivates both Ϫ2 and Ϫ1 PRF, and the universally conserved Tyr111 and Arg114 in nsp1␤ are essential for this activity. In vitro translation experiments demonstrated the involvement of PCBPs in simarterivirus Ϫ2/Ϫ1 PRF. Using SHFV reverse genetics, we confirmed critical roles of nsp1␤, slippery sequence, and C-rich motif in Ϫ2/Ϫ1 PRF in SHFV-infected cells. Attenuated virus growth ability was observed in SHFV mutants with impaired expression of nsp2TF and nsp2N. Comparative genomic sequence analysis showed that key elements of Ϫ2/Ϫ1 PRF are highly conserved in all known arteriviruses except equine arteritis virus (EAV) and wobbly possum disease virus (WPDV). Furthermore, Ϫ2/Ϫ1 PRF with SHFV PRF signal RNA can be stimulated by heterotypic nsp1␤s of all non-EAV arteriviruses tested. Taken together, these data suggest that Ϫ2/Ϫ1 PRF is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism employed in non-EAV/-WPDV arteriviruses for the expression of additional viral proteins that are important for viral replication.

Programmed ؊2/؊1 Ribosomal Frameshifting in Simarteriviruses: an Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanism