In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

This philosopher claimed that mathematics instills "a habit of reasoning closely and in train" in a work which also argues that those who know a smattering of everything are far from attaining truth. This author of On the Conduct of the Understanding also argued that having a variety of religious groups helps prevent civil unrest but condemned Roman Catholics and atheists in A (*) Letter Concerning Toleration. This thinker postulated that the role of government was to protect its people's natural rights of life, liberty, and property and claimed that the mind was a "tabula rasa" in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. For ten points, name this English Enlightenment philosopher who discussed the social contract in his Two Treatises of Government.
Social Science

He incorporated Eastern ideas, free-jazz tendencies and boundless energy in such pieces as My Favorite Things, Sun Ship and Meditations. His first jazz recordings were with Dizzy Gillespie's band; he joined the original Miles Davis Quintet in 1955, but was booted because of heroin addiction two years later. He then quit heroin, had a religious awakening and rejoined Miles Davis in early 1958. He would leave, however, to form his own quartet. For 10 points-name this tenor saxophonist whose masterwork was 1964's A Love Supreme.
Fine Arts

This author wrote about espionage in a short story in which Moldweorp turns against Porpentine, who is subsequently killed. That short story, "Under the Rose,", appears with "The Secret Integration" and "Mortality and Mercy in Vienna" in his collection Slow Learner. Last decade, he published a novel in which Prairie searches for her mother Frenesi, who had left her husband Zoyd Wheeler, while another is narrated by Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke. Those works, Vineland and Mason & Dixon were published after his most famous, in which the sexual encounters of Tyrone Slothrop precede V-2 rocket hits. FTP, name this reclusive American author of V., The Crying of Lot 49, and Gravity's Rainbow.

Literature