Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Context: Absenteeism from outpatient appointments is common. Telephone appointment-reminder calls reduce outpatient-appointment absenteeism in many clinic settings.', 'To determine if telephone appointment-reminder calls reduce outpatient absenteeism at a hospital-based pulmonary function laboratory.', 'We conducted a retrospective review of our pulmonary function laboratory\'s outpatient appointment records from April to November 2004. Data were collected from consecutive outpatient appointments, including patient age, sex, whether a telephone appointment-reminder call was successfully made, and whether the patient showed up for the scheduled test. We performed 3 analyses. Differences in absenteeism between the groups was the primary outcome measure. First, appointments were separated into 2 groups: (1) appointments for which a reminder call was attempted ("called" group) and (2) appointments for which a reminder call was not attempted ("not-called" group). The appointments were then separated into 2 further groups: (1) the reminder call was successfully achieved ("contacted" group) and (2) the patient either was not called or was called but could not be reached ("not-contacted" group). Finally, the contacted group was separated into 2 further groups: (1) reminder calls that resulted in direct conversation with an appropriate person at the patient\'s listed telephone number, and (2) reminder message left on an answering machine.', 'Data were collected from 515 consecutive outpatient appointments; 45 (8.7%) of these patients did not show up for testing. The absentee rate was 4.7% (n = 10) in the called group and 11.6% (n = 35) in the not-called group (p = 0.0066). In the called group, 6.5% (n = 14) could not be reached. The absentee rate was 4% (n = 8) in the contacted group and 11.7% (n = 37) in the not-contacted group (p = 0.0021). We found no difference in absenteeism between patients who received reminders via direct conversation (4.2%) and those who had a reminder message left on an answering machine (3.7%) (p > 0.05).
Answer: A policy of reminding outpatients of their appointments via telephone reduces absenteeism at a hospital-based pulmonary function laboratory. We found no difference in absenteeism between communicating the reminder via direct conversation versus via leaving a message on an answering machine.

Ex Output:
Does the effect of telephone appointment-reminder call on outpatient absenteeism in a pulmonary function laboratory?


Ex Input:
Context: Serum ghrelin levels are elevated in uremic patients. However, no data are available on the relationship between metabolic syndrome and serum ghrelin levels in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.', 'Metabolic syndrome and its components were defined using diagnostic criteria recommended by the International Diabetes Federation. Fasting serum samples were taken from 30 PD patients. Serum ghrelin levels were measured by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.', 'Of the 30 PD patients, 53.3% (16/30) had metabolic syndrome. Fasting serum ghrelin corrected inversely with metabolic syndrome among these PDs patients (p = 0.002). By odds ratio (OR) analysis of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria, the predictors for metabolic syndrome are fasting glucose [OR: 39.00; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.80 to 399.85; p < 0.001], triglycerides (OR: 37.50; 95% CI: 3.64 to 386.51; p < 0.001), and waist circumference (OR: 4.20; 95% CI: 1.95 to 9.03; p < 0.001). Univariate linear regression analysis showed that body weight (r = -0.461, p = 0.010), waist circumference (r = -0.390, p = 0.033), and body mass index (r = -0.438, p = 0.016) were negatively correlated with serum ghrelin, and serum high density lipoprotein [HDL (r = 0.626, p < 0.001)] was positively correlated with serum ghrelin. Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis of the significant variables showed that HDL (R(2) change = 0.392; p < 0.001) was the independent predictor of serum ghrelin in PD patients and explained 39.2% of the variance.
Answer: These results indicate an inverse association between circulating fasting ghrelin and metabolic syndrome in PD patients. Serum HDL was associated with serum ghrelin among PD patients.

Ex Output:
Is fasting serum ghrelin level associated with metabolic syndrome in peritoneal dialysis patients?


Ex Input:
Context: A study of the relation between the development of mechanical allodynia and the reorganization of primary afferent terminals in the sensory lamina of the rat spinal cord dorsal horn after partial dorsal root ganglion injury in rats.', 'To investigate the pathologic mechanisms of mechanical allodynia after partial dorsal root ganglion injury.', 'After experimental peripheral nerve injury causing neuropathic pain, myelinated afferent fibers sprout into lamina II of the dorsal horn. This lamina is associated with nociceptive-specific neurons that generally are not stimulated by myelinated fiber input from mechanical receptors. These morphologic changes are suggested to have significance in the pathogenesis of chronic mechanical allodynia, although it is not known whether this kind of morphologic change occurs after dorsal root ganglion injury.', 'After partial dorsal root ganglion crush injury, the mechanical force causing footpad withdrawal was measured with von Frey hairs, and myelinated primary afferents were labeled with cholera toxin B subunit horseradish peroxidase, a selective myelinated fiber tracer that identifies transganglionic synapses.', 'After partial dorsal root ganglion injury, mechanical allodynia developed in the corresponding footpad within 3 days and persisted throughout the experimental period. At 2 and 4 weeks after the injury, B subunit horseradish peroxidase-positive fibers, presumably myelinated afferents, were observed to be sprouting into lamina II of the dorsal horn on the injured side, but not on the contralateral control side.
Answer: Morphologic change in spinal cord dorsal horn lamina II occurs after partial dorsal root ganglion injury. This change may have significance in the pathogenesis of chronic mechanical allodynia after partial dorsal root ganglion injury.

Ex Output:

Does injury to dorsal root ganglia alter innervation of spinal cord dorsal horn lamina involved in nociception?