In this task, you are given a set of context paragraphs, some supporting facts and an answer of a question. Your task is to generate question for given answer based on set of context paragraphs, supporting facts and an answer.

[Q]: Context_1 : Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle (alternatively known as Harold & Kumar Get the Munchies) is a 2004 American stoner comedy film and the first installment of the "Harold & Kumar" series. The film was written by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg, and directed by Danny Leiner. Context_2 : Balls Out: Gary the Tennis Coach is an American sports comedy film directed by Danny Leiner and features actor Seann William Scott as the main character and Randy Quaid in a supporting role. It was filmed mostly in Austin and Taylor, Texas, and was released direct-to-video on January 13, 2009. Context_3 : Danny Leiner is a film director whose credits include "The Great New Wonderful", "Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle", "Dude, Where's My Car?", "Layin' Low", and "Time Expired". Context_4 : Layin' Low is a 1996 film directed by Danny Leiner and stars Jeremy Piven, Louise Lasser and Edie Falco. Context_5 : Andrew Ralph Adamson, MNZM (born 1 December 1966) is a New Zealand film director, producer and screenwriter based mainly in Los Angeles, where he made the blockbuster animation films, "Shrek" and "Shrek 2" for which he received an Academy Award nomination. He was director, executive producer, and scriptwriter for the 2005 production of "". Shooting took place in New Zealand, primarily in and around Auckland, but also in South Island where much of Peter Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy was filmed. He also worked on the movies "Batman Forever" and "Batman & Robin" as a visual effects supervisor. Context_6 : "Luxury Lounge" is the 72nd episode of the HBO original series "The Sopranos" and the seventh of the show's sixth season. Written by Matthew Weiner and directed by Danny Leiner, it originally aired on April 23, 2006. Context_7 : Bangladesh Film Directors Association is the pan-national trade body of film directors in Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Film Directors Association’s General Secretary is Badiul Alam Khokon. Mushfiqur Rahman Gulzar is the president of Bangladesh Film Directors Association. Context_8 : Dude, Where's My Car? is a 2000 American comedy film directed by Danny Leiner. The film stars Ashton Kutcher and Seann William Scott as two young men who find themselves unable to remember where they parked their vehicle after a night of recklessness. Supporting cast members include Kristy Swanson, Jennifer Garner, and Marla Sokoloff. Context_9 : Time Expired is a 1992 short film directed by Danny Leiner and stars Bob Gosse, Edie Falco and John Leguizamo. Context_10 : The Great New Wonderful is a 2005 film written by Sam Catlin and directed by Danny Leiner. fact_1 : Andrew Ralph Adamson, MNZM (born 1 December 1966) is a New Zealand film director, producer and screenwriter based mainly in Los Angeles, where he made the blockbuster animation films, "Shrek" and "Shrek 2" for which he received an Academy Award nomination. fact_2 : ", "Layin' Low", and "Time Expired". Answer: yes
[A]: Are Andrew Adamson and Danny Leiner both film directors?


[Q]: Context_1 : Elkan Bauer was an Austrian composer and friend and contemporary of Johann Strauss II born in Nikolsburg, on April 4, 1852. Context_2 : Nangklao (Thai: พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว ) or Rama III (31 March 1788 – 2 April 1851) was the third monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, ruling from 21 July 1824 to 2 April 1851. He succeeded his father, Rama II, as the King of Siam. His succession was unusual according to the traditions because Nangklao was a son of a concubine rather than a queen. His accession was perceived by foreign observers as having usurped the prior claim of Prince Mongkut, who was a legitimate son of Rama II born to a queen, Srisuriyendra. Under the old concept of Thai monarchy, however, a proper king must emulate Maha Sammata in that he must be "elected by the people." Ironically, Prince Mongkut may have later contributed to this misconception, when he feared that his own accession might be perceived by foreign observers as a usurpation. Context_3 : Kurunta (Cuneiform: LAMMA ) was a Hittite king, a son of Muwatalli II born in the 13th century BC, and cousin of Tudhaliya IV. "Kurunta" is a Luwian name; he also bore the Hurrian name "Ulmi-Teššup" (often spelled "Ulmi-Teshub""). Context_4 : Atrani, Coast of Amalfi is a lithograph print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher, first printed in August 1931. Atrani is a small town and commune on the Amalfi Coast in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. Atrani is the second smallest town in Italy and was built right at the edge of the sea. This image of Atrani recurs several times in Escher’s work, most notably in his series of "Metamorphosis" prints: "Metamorphosis I", "II" and "III". Context_5 : Willem Theodoor "Wim T." Schippers (] ; born 1 July 1942) is a Dutch artist, comedian, television director, and voice actor. During the 1960s, he worked mostly as a visual artist, associated with the international Fluxus-movement. As a television writer, director, and actor he is responsible for some of the most notable and controversial shows on Dutch televisions from the 1960s to the 1990s, creating a number of lasting characters and enriching the language with terms and expressions first coined in his shows. In addition, he voiced the characters of Ernie and Kermit the Frog on the Dutch version of "Sesame Street". For his shows, he has written over three hundred songs, and his reputation has changed from being Dutch television's ""enfant terrible"" to an acknowledged master in a variety of genres. Context_6 : Metamorphosis I is a woodcut print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher which was first printed in May, 1937. This piece measures 19.5 x and is printed on two sheets. Context_7 : 17 June 1898 – 27 March 1972), or commonly M. C. Escher, was a Dutch graphic artist who made mathematically inspired woodcuts, lithographs, and mezzotints. Context_8 : Matheus Josephus Lambertus (Mathieu) Ficheroux (April 22, 1926 - October 11, 2003) was a Dutch artist, who worked as sculptor, glass painter, painter, draftsman, wall painter and installation artist. He is considered among the foremost Dutch artist of the second part of the 20th century. Context_9 : Metamorphosis III is a woodcut print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher created during 1967 and 1968. Measuring 19 cm × 680 cm (7½ × 268 inches - 22'4"), this is Escher's largest print. It was printed on thirty-three blocks on six combined sheets and mounted on canvas. This print was partly coloured by hand. Context_10 : Metamorphosis II is a woodcut print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher. It was created between November, 1939 and March, 1940. This print measures 19.2 x and was printed from 20 blocks on 3 combined sheets. fact_1 : Metamorphosis II is a woodcut print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher. fact_2 : 17 June 1898 – 27 March 1972), or commonly M. C. Escher, was a Dutch graphic artist who made mathematically inspired woodcuts, lithographs, and mezzotints. Answer: 17 June 1898
[A]: When was the Dutch artist who created Metamorphosis II born?


[Q]: Context_1 : Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393 (1857) , also known simply as the Dred Scott case, was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on US labor law and constitutional law. It held that "a negro, whose ancestors were imported into [the U.S.], and sold as slaves", whether enslaved or free, could not be an American citizen and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court, and that the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in the federal territories acquired after the creation of the United States. Dred Scott, an enslaved man of "the negro African race" who had been taken by his owners to free states and territories, attempted to sue for his freedom. In a 7–2 decision written by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, the court denied Scott's request. The decision was only the second time that the Supreme Court had ruled an Act of Congress to be unconstitutional. Context_2 : The Missouri Compromise is the title generally attached to the legislation passed by the 16th United States Congress on May 8, 1820. The measures provided for the admission of Maine as a state along with Missouri as a slave state, thus maintaining the balance of power between North and South. As part of the compromise, slavery was prohibited North of the 36°30′ parallel, excluding Missouri. President James Monroe signed the legislation on April 6, 1820. Context_3 : Dred Scott (c. 1799 – September 17, 1858) was an enslaved African American man in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and their two daughters in the "Dred Scott v. Sandford" case of 1857, popularly known as the "Dred Scott Decision". Scott claimed that he and his wife should be granted their freedom because they had lived in Illinois and the Wisconsin Territory for four years, where slavery was illegal. The United States Supreme Court decided 7–2 against Scott, finding that neither he nor any other person of African ancestry could claim citizenship in the United States, and therefore Scott could not bring suit in federal court under diversity of citizenship rules. Moreover, Scott's temporary residence outside Missouri did not bring about his emancipation under the Missouri Compromise, which the court ruled unconstitutional as it would "improperly deprive Scott's owner of his legal property". Context_4 : The Taney Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1836 to 1864, when Roger Taney served as the fifth Chief Justice of the United States. Taney succeeded John Marshall as Chief Justice after Marshall's death in 1835. Taney served as Chief Justice until his death in 1864, at which point Salmon P. Chase took office. Taney had been an important member of Andrew Jackson's administration, an advocate of Jacksonian democracy, and had played a major role in the Bank War, during which Taney wrote a memo questioning the Supreme Court's power of judicial review. However, the Taney Court did not strongly break from the decisions and precedents of the Marshall Court, as it continued to uphold a strong federal government with an independent judiciary. Most of the Taney Court's holdings are overshadowed by the "Dred Scott" decision, in which the court ruled that African-Americans could not be citizens. However, the Taney Court's decisions regarding economic issues and separation of powers set important precedents, and the Taney Court has been lauded for its ability to adapt regulatory law to a country undergoing remarkable technological and economic progress. Context_5 : The Golden Circle (Spanish: "Círculo Dorado" ) was an unrealized 1850s proposal by the Knights of the Golden Circle to expand the number of slave states. It envisioned the annexation of several areas—Mexico, Central America, northern South America, Cuba, and the rest of the Caribbean—into the United States in order to vastly increase the number of slave states (it was proposed that Mexico alone be divided into 25 new slave states) and thus the power of the slave holding Southern upper classes. After the Dred Scott Decision (1857) increased anti-slavery agitation, it was advocated by the Knights of the Golden Circle that the Southern United States should secede in their own confederation and invade and annex the area of the golden circle to vastly expand the power of the South. Context_6 : The Freeport Doctrine was articulated by Stephen A. Douglas at the second of the Lincoln-Douglas debates on August 27, 1858, in Freeport, Illinois. Former one-term U.S. Representative Abraham Lincoln was campaigning to take Douglas' U.S. Senate seat by strongly opposing all attempts to expand the geographic area in which slavery was practiced. Lincoln tried to force Douglas to choose between the principle of popular sovereignty proposed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act (which left the fate of slavery in a U.S. territory up to its inhabitants), and the majority decision of the United States Supreme Court in the case of "Dred Scott v. Sandford", which stated that slavery could not legally be excluded from U.S. territories (since Douglas professed great respect for Supreme Court decisions, and accused the Republicans of disrespecting the court, yet this aspect of the "Dred Scott" decision was contrary to Douglas' views and politically unpopular in Illinois). Instead of making a direct choice, Douglas' response stated that despite the court's ruling, slavery could be prevented from any territory by the refusal of the people living in that territory to pass laws favorable to slavery. Likewise, if the people of the territory supported slavery, legislation would provide for its continued existence. Context_7 : Hamilton Rowan Gamble (November 29, 1798 – January 31, 1864) was an American jurist and politician who served as the Chief Justice of the Missouri Supreme Court at the time of the Dred Scott Decision in 1852, writing a dissenting opinion when his colleagues voted to overturn the 28-year precedent in Missouri of "once free always free". During the American Civil War, he was appointed as the Governor of Missouri by a Constitutional Convention after Union forces captured the state capital at Jefferson City and deposed the elected governor. Context_8 : Don Edward Fehrenbacher (August 21, 1920 in Sterling, Illinois – December 13, 1997 in Palo Alto, California) was an American historian. He wrote on politics, slavery, and Abraham Lincoln. He won the 1979 Pulitzer Prize for History for "", his book about the Dred Scott Decision. In 1977 David M. Potter's "The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861", which he edited and completed, won the Pulitzer Prize. In 1997 he won the Lincoln Prize. Context_9 : Robert Cooper Grier (March 5, 1794 – September 25, 1870), was an American jurist who served on the Supreme Court of the United States. A Jacksonian Democrat from Pennsylvania who served from 1846 to 1870, Grier weighed in on some of the most important cases of the 19th century. As a rare Northern member of the majority in the infamous 1857 Dred Scott decision, Grier concurred that African Americans were not—and were never meant to be—citizens of the United States and that the property rights of slaveholders were clearly protected in the Constitution. However, Grier wrote the majority opinion in the 1863 Prize Cases, upholding Abraham Lincoln’s presidential power to institute Union blockades of Confederate ports and giving the Union Army a strategic advantage in the American Civil War. Context_10 : William Scott (June 7, 1804 – 1862) was an American lawyer and judge who served on the Supreme Court of Missouri from 1841 to 1849 and from 1851 to 1862. He also served on the Jefferson City Circuit Court. Justice Scott was the author of the majority opinion in "Scott v. Emerson", 15 Missouri 572 (1852), which was part of the "Dred Scott v. Sandford" case. Scott's opinion, which overturned well-established precedent in Missouri, set the stage for Dred Scott's case in the Supreme Court. fact_1 : Dred Scott (c. 1799 – September 17, 1858) was an enslaved African American man in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom and that of his wife and their two daughters in the "Dred Scott v. Sandford" case of 1857, popularly known as the "Dred Scott Decision". fact_2 :  Moreover, Scott's temporary residence outside Missouri did not bring about his emancipation under the Missouri Compromise, which the court ruled unconstitutional as it would "improperly deprive Scott's owner of his legal property". fact_3 :  President James Monroe signed the legislation on April 6, 1820. Answer: James Monroe
[A]:
Who was the president that signed the legislation that gave the freedom to the court to rule the way it ruled in the Dred Scott Decision?