Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: After formation of the linear heart tube a chamber-specific program of gene expression becomes active that underlies the formation of the chamber myocardium. To assess whether this program is recapitulated in in vitro differentiated embryonic stem cells, we performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of cardiogenesis in vivo and in vitro.', 'Gene expression profiles were made by in situ hybridisation and real-time PCR and electrophysiological profiles by patch clamp analyses of cardiomyocytes derived from time series of differentiating HM1 mouse embryonic stem cells and from embryonic and adult mouse hearts.', 'In embryoid bodies the in situ patterns of expression of alpha-myosin heavy chain, myosin light chain 2a and sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a were similar to that of the heart muscle-specific marker gene cardiac troponin I. Myosin light chain 2v was expressed in part of the cardiac troponin I-expressing area, indicating heterogeneity within the cardiac cell population. Atrial natriuretic factor expression, indicative of the chamber-type program, could only very occasionally be detected by in situ hybridisation. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR showed that all cardiac genes, most notably atrial natriuretic factor, were expressed at relatively low levels, similar to those in embryonic hearts at embryonic day 8.75-9. Analysis of the electrophysiological characteristics of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes showed an increase of the upstroke velocity and a shorter duration of the action potential during prolonged differentiation in vitro. When embryonic mouse heart compartments of embryonic day 12.5 were used as a reference, the electrophysiological characteristics of a substantial part of the embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were most reminiscent to those observed in the embryonic outflow tract.
Answer: Together, these data suggest that most cardiomyocytes acquired by differentiation of embryonic stem cells maintain a phenotype reminiscent of that of the cardiomyocytes of the primary heart tube, and hardly any myocytes develop a chamber myocardial phenotype.
Do cardiomyocytes derived from embryonic stem cells resemble cardiomyocytes of the embryonic heart tube?

Context: Accumulating evidences indicated that lncRNAs play crucial regulatory roles in oncogenesis and progression of cancers. BRAF activated non-coding RNA (BANCR) has been identified to contribute to the progression of some human cancers. However, the relationship between BANCR and bladder cancer (BC) is largely unclear.', 'BANCR expression levels in BC, paired non-cancer tissues and BC cell lines were detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The relationships between BANCR expression levels and the clinical characteristics were evaluated. BANCR expression was enhanced by transfecting a pcDNA-BANCR vector. We used both CCK-8 assay and Edu assay to detect cell proliferation. We also detect cell apoptosis and migration by using ELISA assay, Flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. All statistical analyses were executed by using the SPSS 20.0 software.', 'BANCR expression levels were remarkably decreased in BC tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues. BANCR expression levels in two BC cell lines were also significantly down-regulated. Clinicopathologic analysis revealed that low BANCR expression was positively correlated with TNM stage, but not associated with other clinicopathological characteristics. BANCR has been successfully overexpressed in BC cell lines (T24 and SW780) by transfecting a pcDNA-BANCR vector. Cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction and migration suppression were also observed in pCDNA-BANCR-transfected T24 and SW780 cells.
Answer: These data suggested that BANCR represents a tumor suppressor player in bladder cancer, contributes to tumor proliferation, apoptosis and migration, and may serve as a new candidate biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for patients with BC.
Does over-expression of long noncoding RNA BANCR inhibit malignant phenotypes of human bladder cancer?

Context: To study the association between impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and arterial stiffness in older adults.', 'Cross-sectional population-based study.', 'The Rotterdam Study, a Dutch population-based cohort study.', 'Two thousand nine hundred eighty-seven subjects aged 60 and older.', 'Arterial stiffness assessed by measuring common carotid arterial distensibility and glucose status classified into three categories: normal fasting glucose (NFG) (fasting glucose <6.1 mmol/L), IFG (fasting glucose 6.1-6.9 mmol/L), and diabetes mellitus (DM).', 'In the total cohort, common carotid distensibility decreased with increasing impairment of glucose metabolism. Subjects younger than 75 with IFG were comparable with subjects with NFG with respect to arterial stiffness. Subjects aged 75 and older with IFG had stiffer arteries than subjects with NFG, reaching the same arterial stiffness as subjects with DM. For subjects younger than 75, mean difference in distensibility coefficient between subjects with NFG and with IFG was 0.1 (95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.04-0.05, P=.88) and between subjects with NFG and with DM was 1.2 (95% CI=0.7-1.7, P<.001). For subjects aged 75 and older, the mean difference between these groups was 0.7 (95% CI=0.2-1.2, P=.007) and 0.8 (0.3-1.4; P=.002), respectively. In the total cohort, fasting glucose was strongly associated with carotid distensibility (beta-coefficient=-0.29, P<.001).
Answer: IFG is related to arterial stiffness in elderly subjects. An advanced stage of arterial stiffness, comparable with that of subjects with DM, is only reached at the age of 75.

Is impaired fasting glucose associated with increased arterial stiffness in elderly people without diabetes mellitus : the Rotterdam Study?