instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: We have previously shown that phospholipid oxidation products of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (ox-PAPC) inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced E-selectin expression and neutrophil binding in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The current studies identify specific phospholipids that inhibit chemokine induction by Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and -2 (TLR2) ligands inECs and macrophages.', 'Measurements of interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels secreted from ox-PAPC- and LPS-cotreated ECs indicate that ox-PAPC inhibits activation of TLR4 by LPS. The effects of IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which utilize the same intracellular signaling molecules, were not inhibited. Cell fractionation and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrate that LPS induces membrane translocation of the LPS receptor complex to a lipid raft/caveolar fraction in ECs. Ox-PAPC inhibits this translocation and alters caveolin-1 distribution. Supporting an important role for caveolae in LPS action, overexpression of caveolin-1 enhanced LPS-induced IL-8 synthesis. Ox-PAPC also inhibits the effect of TLR2 and TLR4 ligands in human macrophages.\Question: Do specific phospholipid oxidation products inhibit ligand activation of toll-like receptors 4 and 2?
answer:
These studies report a novel mechanism that involves alterations to lipid raft/caveolar processing, by which specific phospholipid oxidation products inhibit activation by TLR4 and TLR2 ligands. These studies have broader implications for the role of ox-PAPC as a regulator of specific lipid raft/caveolar function.


question:
Context: To evaluate the relevance of systematic screening for neonatal metabolic acidosis at birth as part of perinatal audit.', 'For every baby, born in Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk Belgium between 1/1/2010 and 31/12/2010, cord blood was analysed to diagnose metabolic acidosis, defined as arterial or venous pH ≤ 7.05 or 7.17 respectively, in association with base excess of ≤ -10\u2008mmol/L. Three observers identified indicators for suboptimal peripartal care with likely contribution to metabolic acidosis. In a multidisciplinary consensus meeting, these indicators were classified into 5 categories : (a) fetal monitoring error (b) labour management error, (c) instrumental vaginal delivery for fetal distress within 2\u2008h of second stage, (d) non-obstetric medical complications, (e) preterm births or accidental cases at term.', 'In a total of 2117 neonates, there were 11 intra-uterine, 1 intrapartum and 3 early neonatal deaths, bringing early perinatal mortality rate at 7.1‰. Metabolic acidosis was identified in 23 (1.1%) babies, of which 21 (91.3%) left hospital in good clinical condition. Two babies (0.9‰), born in category c, had chronic neurologic symptoms.\Question: Do identification of neonatal near miss by systematic screening for metabolic acidosis at birth?
answer:
Systematic screening for neonatal metabolic acidosis caused a 2.5-fold increase of case identifications eligible for perinatal audit and opened perspectives towards rationalised improvement of perinatal care, in addition to the information obtained from cases of perinatal mortality. Next to indicators of perinatal mortality, perinatal audit programs should include neonatal metabolic acidosis as an extra parameter for quality assessment of perinatal care.


question:
Context: Relaxation of pelvic ligaments may facilitate parturition in certain animal species. Biomechanical properties of pelvic connective tissue may also influence progress of labour in the human female. This study was designed to test whether peripheral joint mobility or pelvic organ mobility as measures of connective tissue biomechanical properties are associated with progress in labour and delivery mode.', 'Prospective clinical observational study.', 'Tertiary obstetric service.', '200 nulliparous women recruited in antenatal clinic.', 'Translabial ultrasound was used to obtain data on third trimester pelvic organ mobility. Upper limb joint mobility was assessed clinically.', 'Gestational length, length of first and second stage of labour, delivery mode.', 'Pelvic organ mobility was significantly associated with total length of second stage (P = 0.034 to P = 0.002). This was mainly due to the length of passive, not active second stage. There also was a statistically significant association between delivery mode and pelvic organ descent (P = 0.007 to P = 0.001), with the lowest mobility seen in women who required a Caesarean section in second stage. Joint mobility did not correlate with delivery data.\Question: Is antenatal pelvic organ mobility associated with delivery mode?
answer:

Third trimester pelvic organ mobility is associated with duration of second stage and delivery mode.