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Energy needs in infants are decreased after surgery because of growth inhibition (resulting from catabolic stress metabolism), decreased insensible losses, and inactivity. Using standardized formulas that account for growth, activity, and insensible losses during this stress period can lead to overfeeding in excess of 200% of the actual measured requirement. Overfeeding during this acute injury period can result in increased CO2 production from lipogenesis. This study determined the effects of a reduced rate of mixed caloric repletion on infant energy use during the early postoperative period.', 'C-reactive protein (CRP), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), measured energy expenditure (MEE), and total urinary nitrogen (TUN) were measured serially in seven infants (average age, 78 days) during the first 72 hours after abdominal or thoracic surgery. Nonprotein respiratory quotient (RQnp), and values for oxidation of carbohydrate (Ce) and fat (Fe) were calculated. Injury severity was stratified based on serum CRP concentrations of > or = 6.0 mg/dL (high stress) or < 6.0 mg/dL (low stress). Recovery from acute stress was analyzed by comparing studies in which CRP had decreased to < or = 2.0 mg/dL (resolving stress group) with those in which CRP values were greater than 2.0 mg/dL (acute stress group).', 'Average total caloric intake (64.56 +/- 18.51 kcal/kg/d; approximately 50% of predicted energy requirement) exceeded average MEE (42.90 +/- 9.98 kcal/kg/d) by approximately 50%. Average TUN was 0.18 +/- 0.07 g/kg/d (high stress 0.2 +/- 0.05 versus low stress 0.16 +/- 0.09 g/kg/d). Average RQnp was 1.05 +/- 0.13 and average Ce was 37.28 +/- 16.86 kcal/kg/d. The average calculated Fe was 0.0 +/- 12.27 kcal/kg/d, reflecting approximately equal amounts of fat oxidized compared with fat generated from excess glucose (lipogenesis). When individual studies were analyzed at a CRP cutpoint of 2.0 mg/dL, overfeeding (RQ > 1.0) was significantly less likely in the resolving (2/6 studies, 33.4%) versus acute stress (9/13 studies, 69.2%, Z test P < .001) group. Five of seven (5/7) patients (9/19 individual studies) had negative Fe values (average -9.89 +/- 10.02) reflecting net lipogenesis. The RQnp for these nine studies was 1.14 +/- 0.11 versus 0.97 +/- 0.09 for the remaining 10, and this difference was significant (P < .01). A significant correlation existed between carbohydrate intake and VCO2 (Pearson r = .6951, P < .01). In addition, there was a good correlation between carbohydrate intake and VCO2 (Pearson r = .6591, P < .01). The coefficient of variation for MEE was 8.0% (low stress) versus 30.2% (high stress).
Do early postoperative alterations in infant energy use increase the risk of overfeeding?

To investigate the association between adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood and asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and eczema in adolescence.', 'Longitudinal birth cohort study of 1328 members born in the city of Nijmegen. Information on ear-nose-throat surgery was documented at 2, 4, and 8 years of age. In 1055 cohort members the incidence of asthma, AR, and eczema at 21 years of age was determined using the International Study of Asthma and Allergic disease in Childhood Core Questionnaire. To analyse the association between adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood and asthma, AR, and eczema at age 21 years, relative risks (RR) were calculated.', 'Six hundred and ninety-three (66%) members completed the questionnaire at age 21 years, of whom 104 (15%) had undergone adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy and 262 (38%) reported atopic disease. Children who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy before the age of 8 years were not more likely to develop asthma, AR, or eczema at the age of 21 years than children who did not; RR 0.93 (95% confidence limits (CL) 0.52-1.64), RR 0.94 (CL 0.68-1.30), and RR 1.00 (CL 0.59-1.68), respectively.
Is adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood associated with atopic disease later in life?

To investigate the influences of bicortical anchorage on values of natural frequencies of dental implants utilizing the 3-dimensional finite element analysis.', 'Using the commercial code of Solidworks, 3-D models of a screw-shaped dental implant and a mandibular bone segment were generated. After the 3-D implant-bone complex was meshed by ABAQUS software, effects of bicortical anchorage on the buccolingual and axial first-order natural frequencies of the implant were computed.', 'Bicortical anchorage increased both the buccolingual and axial natural frequencies remarkably. As the bicortical anchorage got deeper, the frequencies correspondingly got higher.

Do [ Influence of bicortical anchorage on the natural frequencies of dental implant ]?