In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Ex Input:
Context: Morphology and material properties are the main components of the mechanical design of organisms, with species groups developing different optimization strategies in the context of their physical environment. For intertidal and subtidal seaweeds, possessing highly flexible and extensible tissues allows individuals to bend and reconfigure in flow, thereby reducing drag. Previous research has shown that aging may compromise these qualities. Tissue age increases with distance from the blade's meristem, which differs in its position on kelps and red algae. Here, we assess whether longitudinal patterns of blade material properties differ between these two algal groups according to tissue age.", 'We performed tensile tests on tissues samples excised from various positions along the extent of blades in nine kelp species (basal growth) and 15 species of red algae (apical growth).', "We found that older tissues were less flexible and extensible than younger tissues in all species tested. As predicted, tissue near the basal meristem in kelp was more flexible and extensible than older tissue at the blade's distal end. The opposite pattern was observed for red algae, with the most flexible and extensible tissues found near the apical meristem at the distal ends of blades.\Question: Do divergent growth strategies between red algae and kelps influence biomechanical properties?

Ex Output:
We propose that divergent patterns in the distribution of material properties along blades may have different consequences for the performance of kelps and red algae. The positioning of younger tissues at the blade base for kelps may enable these species to attain larger body sizes in wave-swept habitats.


Ex Input:
Context: One anesthesiologist performance metric is the incidence of "prolonged" (15 min or longer after dressing complete) times to extubation. The authors used several methods to identify the performance outliers and assess whether targeting these outliers for reduction could improve operating room workflow.', "Time to extubation data were retrieved for 27,757 anesthetics and 81 faculty anesthesiologists. Provider-specific incidences of prolonged extubation were assessed by using unadjusted frequentist statistics and a Bayesian model adjusted for prone positioning, American Society of Anesthesiologist's base units, and case duration.", '20.31% of extubations were "prolonged," and 40% of anesthesiologists were identified as outliers using a frequentist approach, that is, incidence greater than upper 95% CI (20.71%). With an adjusted Bayesian model, only one anesthesiologist was deemed an outlier. If an average anesthesiologist performed all extubations, the incidence of prolonged extubations would change negligibly (to 20.67%). If the anesthesiologist with the highest incidence of prolonged extubations was replaced with an average anesthesiologist, the change was also negligible (20.01%). Variability among anesthesiologists in the incidence of prolonged extubations was significantly less than among other providers.\Question: Is prolonged Operative Time to Extubation a Useful Metric for Comparing the Performance of Individual Anesthesia Providers?

Ex Output:
Bayesian methodology with covariate adjustment is better suited to performance monitoring than an unadjusted, nonhierarchical frequentist approach because it is less likely to identify individuals spuriously as outliers. Targeting outliers in an effort to alter operating room activities is unlikely to have an operational impact (although monitoring may serve other purposes). If change is deemed necessary, it must be made by improving the average behavior of everyone and by focusing on anesthesia providers rather than on faculty.


Ex Input:
Context: Hemoglobins (Hbs) are evolutionarily conserved heme-containing metallo-proteins of the Globin protein family that harbour the characteristic "globin fold." Hemoglobins have been functionally diversified during evolution and their usual property of oxygen transport is rather a recent adaptation. Drosophila genome possesses three globin genes (glob1, glob2, and glob3), and we have reported earlier that adequate expression of glob1 is required for various aspects of development, as well as to regulate the cellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study illustrates the explicit role of Drosophila globin1 in progression of oogenesis.', 'We demonstrate a dynamic expression pattern of glob1 in somatic and germ cell derivatives of developing egg chambers during various stages of oogenesis, which largely confines around the F-actin-rich cellular components. Reduced expression of glob1 leads to various types of abnormalities during oogenesis, which were primarily mediated by the inappropriately formed F-actin-based cytoskeleton. Our subsequent analysis in the somatic and germ line clones shows cell autonomous role of glob1 in the maintenance of the integrity of F-actin-based cytoskeleton components in the somatic and germ cell derivatives.\Question: Is drosophila glob1 required for the maintenance of cytoskeletal integrity during oogenesis?

Ex Output:

Our study establishes a novel role of glob1 in maintenance of F-actin-based cytoskeleton during progression of oogenesis in Drosophila. Developmental Dynamics 245:1048-1065, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.