TASK DEFINITION: Translate the given Spanish text to English
PROBLEM: ; and ring A represents phenyl, etc.)

SOLUTION: ; y el anillo A representa fenilo, etc.

PROBLEM: The two phases are applied sequentially.

SOLUTION: Las dos fases se aplican secuencialmente.

PROBLEM: Methods for forming ammonium salts of C4 diacids in a fermentation process with removal of divalent metal carbonate salts are disclosed.

SOLUTION:
Se describen métodos para formar sales amónicas de diácidos C4 en un proceso de fermentación con la eliminación de sales carbonato de un metal divalente.