In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

This paper presents a label-free affinity-based capacitive biosensor using interdigitated electrodes. Using an optimized process of DNA probe preparation to minimize the effect of contaminants in commercial thiolated DNA probe, the electrode surface was functionalized with the 24-nucleotide DNA probes based on the West Nile virus sequence (Kunjin strain). The biosensor has the ability to detect complementary DNA fragments with a detection limit down to 20 DNA target molecules (1.5 aM range), making it suitable for a practical point-of-care (POC) platform for low target count clinical applications without the need for amplification. The reproducibility of the biosensor detection was improved with efficient covalent immobilization of purified single-stranded DNA probe oligomers on cleaned gold microelectrodes. In addition to the low detection limit, the biosensor showed a dynamic range of detection from 1 µL -1 to 10 5 µL -1 target molecules (20 to 2 million targets), making it suitable for sample analysis in a typical clinical application environment. The binding results presented in this paper were validated using fluorescent oligomers.
A Sensitive DNA Capacitive Biosensor Using Interdigitated Electrodes (BIOS-D-16-01739, Revised) Affinity-based Capacitive Biosensor Interdigitated Electrodes Nucleic Acid-based Biosensor Viral Diagnostics Pathogen Detection Point-of-care Diagnostics

The mucus-dwelling parasite Ostertagia ostertagi is one of the most important gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. Our group has previously demonstrated the protective capacity of a vaccine against this parasite based on a native activation-associated secreted protein ASP1 (nASP) in combination with the saponin adjuvant QuilA. The aim of the current study was to analyse the effect of both antigen and adjuvant on the cellular and humoral vaccine-induced immune responses by comparing the native ASP to a recombinant version expressed in Pichia pastoris (pASP) and replacing QuilA by Al(OH) 3 . Immunization of cattle with the protective nASP+QuilA vaccine was associated with antigen-induced proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells combined with IFN-γ secretion and the induction of a mixed IgG1/IgG2 antibody response. ASP-specific activation and proliferation of NK cells was also observed in mice following the same vaccination regime. Replacing QuilA by Al(OH) 3 or nASP by pASP significantly decreased the capacity of the vaccines to trigger both NK cell activation and antibody responses and failed to induce protection against a challenge infection. Reduction of the structurally anchoring disulphide bonds of the nASP completely abolished its ability to induce NK cell activation and antibody responses, highlighting the importance of protein conformation for the immunostimulatory activity.
Host protective ASP-based vaccine against the parasitic nematode Ostertagia ostertagi triggers NK cell activation and mixed IgG1-IgG2 response

Telephone: +61 7 405 974 555 Facsimile: +61 7 3636 5578 Word count Abstract 249 words Main text 2394 words Key words respiratory viruses gastrointestinal infection children real-time polymerase chain reaction cohort studies Page 2 of 33 For peer review only -http://bmjopen.bmj.com/site/about/guidelines.xhtml BMJ Open ARTICLE SUMMARY Article focus Infectious diseases are a common cause of morbidity in early childhood, even in developed economies. A diagnostic gap exists for common respiratory and gastrointestinal syndromes, with the likelihood that as yet undiscovered pathogens are involved. Existing knowledge about these common illnesses relies on research conducted before the rapid developments in molecular diagnostics of recent decades or focusses on disease at the severe end of the spectrum -hospitalisations -affecting a limited number of children and discounting the burden of more common, but less severe, community-managed illness. This protocol outlines a dynamic birth cohort study that will allow for a detailed description of the epidemiology of respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses during the first two years of life. The large biobank of specimens to be collated will act as a rich source of material to answer targeted research questions, including the role of virus acquisition and shedding on clinical illness and the discovery of new infectious agents. As study procedures, including specimen collection and return, are conducted by parents, findings will be free from Hawthorne effects from frequent interactions with study staff. Systematic weekly sampling will provide a control set of specimens for the individual and the cohort, allowing quantification of virus-specific attributable risk to illness. Non-random recruitment and enrolment requires awareness and assessment of potential bias and confounding prior to broad-based generalisation. Similar studies in the past have oversampled from higher socioeconomic households, and we attempt to avoid this by using a recruitment strategy that targets pregnant women in both public and private hospital settings. . van der Zalm MM, Uiterwaal CS, de Jong BM, et al. Viral specimen collection by parents increases response rate in population-based virus studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117:955-6; author reply 56-7.

Title page Observational Research in Childhood Infectious Diseases (ORChID): a dynamic birth cohort study Author affiliations