In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Q: By averaging this quantity, the reduction of a certain intermolecular function to an angle-independent form for polar fluids can be performed in order to express conformal-solution theory. For liquid metals, the upper bound of this quantity can be obtained by the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality. It is equal to the negative product of Boltzmann's constant, temperature, and the natural log of the partition function. The change in this quantity is equal to the maximum work accompanying a process, and it is defined as internal energy minus the product of temperature and entropy. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized by either A or F, a type of free energy named for a German scientist.

A: Science
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Q: This quantity for an atomic nucleus is determined using Weizscker's [VAHYTS-zek-uhrs] formula. The no hair theorem states black holes are completely characterized by their angular momentum, charge, and this quantity. The oscillation period of a spring equals two pi times the square root of this quantity over the spring constant. The theoretical value of this quantity for gluons is zero. Linear momentum equals this quantity times velocity. For 10 points, name this quantity measured in kilograms.

A: Science
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Q: This man's political works include an influential campaign against the Ogden Land Company. This thinker discussed development of the incest taboo in the  Punaluan family, and the Kwakiutl eventually provided a counterexample to his theory of matrilineal-to-patrilineal development. This thinker wrote a work in which he identified Sudanese, Eskimo, and Iriqouis among his titular Systems of Consanguinity, which he wrote in addition to Affinity of the Human Family. He claimed that the title animal had moral sense in The American Beaver and his Works. He also  described successive stages of "savagery", "barbarism", and "civilization" in his most famous work. For ten points, name this American anthropologist of Ancient Society. 

A:
Social Science
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