In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Q: clark implicitly overrules our cases holding that harmless error analysis is inapplicable where the defendant contests intent.

A: overruling
****
Q: those decisions are overruled,

A: overruling
****
Q: but there is little basis for this belief.

A:
non-overruling
****