Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Enhanced activation of the mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in cardiovascular tissues increases oxidative stress, maladaptive immune responses, and inflammation with associated functional vascular abnormalities. We previously demonstrated that consumption of a Western diet (WD) for 16 weeks results in aortic stiffening, and that these abnormalities were prevented by systemic MR blockade in female mice. However, the cell-specific role of endothelial cell MR (ECMR) in these maladaptive vascular effects has not been explored.', 'We hypothesized that specific deletion of the ECMR would prevent WD-induced increases in endothelial sodium channel activation, reductions in bioavailable nitric oxide, increased vascular remodeling, and associated increases in vascular stiffness in females.', 'Four-week-old female ECMR knockout and wild-type mice were fed either mouse chow or WD for 16 weeks. WD feeding resulted in aortic stiffness and endothelial dysfunction as determined in vivo by pulse wave velocity and ex vivo by atomic force microscopy, and wire and pressure myography. The WD-induced aortic stiffness was associated with enhanced endothelial sodium channel activation, attenuated endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, increased oxidative stress, a proinflammatory immune response and fibrosis. Conversely, cell-specific ECMR deficiency prevented WD-induced aortic fibrosis and stiffness in conjunction with reductions in endothelial sodium channel activation, oxidative stress and macrophage proinflammatory polarization, restoration of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation.

Ex Output:
Does endothelial Mineralocorticoid Receptor mediate Diet-Induced Aortic Stiffness in Females?


Ex Input:
The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for which erupted third molars (3M) are extracted in a sample of Mexican patients.', "A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 83 patients attending exodontia (minor oral surgery) clinics of a public university in Mexico (Autonomous University of Hidalgo State). The outcome variable was the reason for extractions using Kay and Blinkhorn's classification. The independent variables were age, gender, arch and tooth number according to the World Health Organization (WHO). For statistical analysis, we used the Chi-squared test in Stata 9.0.", 'Eighty-three patients underwent 150 3M extractions. Mean age was 38.67 ± 13.96 years, and 71.1% were female. The four reasons for 3M extraction were prosthetic (44.0%), followed by orthodontic (24.7%), dental caries (20.0%) and periodontal disease (11.3%). Differences were observed in the reasons for 3M extractions across age groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences existed between men and women (p > 0.05), or the WHO tooth number (p > 0.05).

Ex Output:
Are reasons why erupted third molars extracted in a public university in Mexico?


Ex Input:
The pathophysiology underlying methotrexate (MTX)-induced pneumonitis has been considered as a hypersensitive reaction. The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is frequently used to detect hypersensitivity. Whereas previous reports have proposed that the LTT is not ideal to detect hypersensitivity to MTX, it has not been directly confirmed.', 'Forty rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (24 patients currently taking MTX and 16 patients with a past history of MTX administration) and 13 healthy subjects were recruited. LTT with MTX was used to assess thymidine incorporation. An MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) assay was also performed. The mitogenic activity was expressed as the Stimulatory Index (SI). The activity of RA was assessed by the disease activity score 28 (DAS28).', 'In the presence of MTX, the SI measured by the LTT and by the MTS assay showed an inverse correlation. The presence of MTX significantly elevated the SI values measured by the LTT. However, the SI values were significantly lower in RA patients currently taking MTX than those of patients not currently taking MTX, although DAS28 was not different. Furthermore, a past history of MTX-induced pneumonitis did not affect the SI values.

Ex Output:

Is lymphocyte transformation test helpful for the diagnosis of methotrexate-induced pneumonitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?