In this task, you are given a set of context paragraphs, some supporting facts and an answer of a question. Your task is to generate question for given answer based on set of context paragraphs, supporting facts and an answer.

Context_1 : Asaphidion is a Holarctic genus of ground beetle native to Europe, the Near East, North Africa, and North America. Though predominantly a Palaearctic genus with one adventive exotic species in North America ("A. curtum" ), there are two native North American species in the genus: "A. alaskanum" and "A. yukonense" . Both native taxa are Arctic in distribution, found mainly in tundra environments. The introduced "A. curtum" is now found in the northeastern United States and adjacent Canadian maritime provinces. These large-eyed, diurnal species are fast-running predators believed to be specialists on springtails and other tiny, soft-bodied prey. Context_2 : Agrilus planipennis, commonly known as the emerald ash borer, is a green buprestid or jewel beetle native to northeastern Asia that feeds on ash species. Females lay eggs in bark crevices on ash trees, and larvae feed underneath the bark of ash trees to emerge as adults in one to two years. In its native range, it is typically found at low densities and does not cause significant damage to trees native to the area. Outside its native range, it is an invasive species and is highly destructive to ash trees native to northwest Europe and North America. Prior to being found in North America, very little was known about emerald ash borer in its native range; this has resulted in much of the research on its biology being focused in North America. Local governments in North America are attempting to control it by monitoring its spread, diversifying tree species, insecticides, and biological control. Context_3 : Typhonodorum is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. The single species making up this genus is Typhonodorum lindleyanum. The genus is native to Madagascar, the Comores, Zanzibar, and Mauritius. This genus is believed to be closely related to "Peltandra" even though "Peltandra" is only found in North America and there don't appear to exist closely related genera in the African mainland. There isn't fossil evidence to link the two genera so it has been proposed that there once was a genus in Africa from which the two genera had originated. The African mainland genus spread to North America and to Madagascar 50 million years ago before it broke off. Then the African genus became extinct and the North American and Madagascan genera remained. Context_4 : Dirca is a genus of three or four species of flowering plants in the family Thymelaeaceae, native to North America. The genus is named after Dirce in Greek mythology. The general common name for this deciduous shrub is leatherwood; other names include moosewood, ropebark and Powhatan-derived wicopy. The stems of "Dirca" are exceptionally pliable and the bark is difficult to tear by hand; for this reason, its stems were used by Native Americans in eastern North America as thongs or ropes. Members of the genus can grow to a maximum height of about three meters, and are often associated with rich, moist woods or slopes above creeks or streams. Context_5 : Cakile is a genus within the flowering plant family Brassicaceae. Species in this genus are commonly known as searockets, though this name on its own is applied particularly to whatever member of the species is native or most common in the region concerned, the European searocket "Cakile maritima" in Europe, and the American searocket "C. edentula" in North America. The genus is native to Europe, Asia and North America, but the European searocket has been introduced into North America and has spread widely on both east and west coasts; in many places it is replacing the native "C. edentula", and is regarded as an undesirable invasive species. Context_6 : Eratigena is a genus of spider in the Agelenidae family. Most of its species were moved from the genus "Tegenaria" in 2013. Two species that frequently build webs in and around human dwellings are now placed in this genus. "Eratigena agrestis" is the hobo spider, native to Europe and Central Asia, introduced to North America. "Eratigena atrica" is the giant house spider, native to Europe and also introduced into North America. Context_7 : Dirca occidentalis, or western leatherwood, is a deciduous shrub with leaves three to seven centimeters in length. Yellow flowers emerge prior to leafing. It grows on moist and shaded slopes. It is rare and endemic to the San Francisco Bay area of California. Its closest relative, "Dirca palustris", lives in the Eastern half of North America. Context_8 : Jovibarba ("beard of Jupiter") is a small genus of three species of succulent flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, endemic to mountainous regions in the southeastern quadrant of Europe. The genus is sometimes classified as a subgenus of "Sempervivum", to which it is closely related. "Jovibarba" have pale-greenish-yellow or yellow actinomorphic flowers with about six petals, while "Sempervivum" have generally pinkish flowers with around twice as many petals, which open more widely than jovibarba flowers. The common name hen and chicks is applied to some "Jovibarba" species (and also species in several other genera). Context_9 : Dirca palustris, or eastern leatherwood, is a shrub that grows to a maximum height of about three meters. It is native to the eastern half of North America but uncommon, found in rich woods, and is occasionally cultivated. The species name, "palustris", means "of the swamps". It is often hard to recognize because the flowers, which come out just before leafing, last a very short time and "D. palustris" may be mixed in with the much more frequent Spicebush, which also has small yellow flowers that appear before the leaves and do so at just about the same time in the early spring. Its closest relative, the western leatherwood, lives across the continent in the San Francisco Bay Area. Context_10 : Jovibarba heuffelii, common name Hen-and-chickens, as a plant species native to the Balkans and to the Carpathians in Europe but reportedly naturalized in Wisconsin and probably in other parts of North America. It grows on rocky outcrops. fact_1 : Jovibarba ("beard of Jupiter") is a small genus of three species of succulent flowering plants in the family Crassulaceae, endemic to mountainous regions in the southeastern quadrant of Europe. fact_2 : Dirca is a genus of three or four species of flowering plants in the family Thymelaeaceae, native to North America. Answer: Dirca
Which genus is native to North America, Jovibarba or Dirca?

Context_1 : Blue Sky Vineyards is a family-owned vineyard and winery in Illinois, owned and operated by Barrett Rochman, Marilyn Rochman, and Jim Ewers. Blue Sky Vineyards is located in the heart of the Shawnee National Forest and anchors the eastern end of the Shawnee Hills Wine Trail. Located within the Shawnee Hills American Viticultural Area, an area that is federally designated and recognized for its uniqueness in grape growing, Blue Sky Vineyard uses Illinois grapes to produce a number of wines. Karen Hand, Blue Sky Vineyards' winemaker, was the Illinois Grape Growers and Vintners Association's Winemaker of the Year for 2006. They currently produce 17 different kinds of Illinois wine and 5 American wines ranging from dry to sweet. The Tuscan inspired architecture and interiors of Blue Sky Vineyard's main structure and banquet addition were designed by Nancy Karen Brian, MFA, NCIDQ #015635, and tenured professor at California State University Fresno in consultation with Blue Sky Vineyard's owners. Context_2 : ClariS (クラリス , Kurarisu ) is a Japanese pop music idol duo which formed in 2009 with singers Clara and Alice from Hokkaido, who were in junior high school at the time. The pair began singing covers and submitting them to the Niconico video sharing website between 2009 and 2010. ClariS later signed to SME Records and released their debut single "Irony" in October 2010. Three more singles were released between 2011 and 2012, followed by their debut album "Birthday" (2012). "Birthday" was awarded a Gold Disc by the Recording Industry Association of Japan for having exceeded 100,000 copies shipped in a single year. Six more singles were released between 2012 and 2014, which were featured on their second album "Second Story" (2013) and third album "Party Time" (2014). Alice left the unit following "Party Time"'s release, and Karen joined ClariS in late 2014. ClariS moved to the Sacra Music record label under Sony Music Entertainment Japan in 2017. Context_3 : Bella is a country music trio from the NSW Central Coast. The band was formed by Karen O'Shea, Lyn Bowtell and Kate Ballantyne and was originally called Anam Cara. They won Golden Guitars for best vocal group of the year in 2004 and 2005. Context_4 : Girl Talk was a British girl group, formed by Karen Wright and Leigh Pearce. The girls, aged 12 and 13 respectively, released their debut single, "Can The Rhythm", in 1983 on Park Records. By the next year Pearce had been replaced by Karen's sister, Julie Wright. Signed to Innervision Records, the pair released the single "Marvellous Guy" in 1984, produced by Peter Collins, but it failed to chart. Their only hit in the UK was their second Innervision single, a re-recorded "Can The Rhythm", which reached #92 in October 1984. The track was an early production of the hitmaking team Stock Aitken and Waterman. "Can The Rhythm" was also released in the United States, where it was released through Geffen Records and reached #26 on the "Billboard" Hot Dance Club Play chart in 1985. Context_5 : Qualitative Social Work is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers four times a year in the field of Social Work. The journal's founding editors were Roy Ruckdeschel (Saint Louis University) and Ian Shaw (University of York). The current co-editors are Karen Staller (University of Michigan) and Karen Broadhurst (Lancaster University). The journal has been in publication since 2002 and is currently published by SAGE Publications. Context_6 : Early Childhood Research Quarterly is an academic journal providing current research (predominantly empirical) in the field of early childhood (birth through eight years of age) education and development that was established in 1986. The journal also publishes occasional book reviews, practitioner/policy perspectives, and research reviews. Its focus is on education, policy, and social relevance, seeking links between research and practice. The journal is published four times a year by Elsevier and sponsored by the National Association for the Education of Young Children. Its previous publishers were Pergamon Press and Ablex Publishing. The editor in chief is Laura Justice (The Ohio State University). Previous editors include Adam Winsler (George Mason University), Karen E. Diamond (Purdue University) and Lilian G. Katz. Context_7 : Michael D. Curran was a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives from 1983-1995. He was born September 23, 1945 in Quincy, Illinois. He earned a bachelors from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. He retired from the Illinois House of Representatives to run for Mayor of Springfield, losing to Karen Hasara. He and Vicki Mosley were the last two Democrats to represent Springfield in the Illinois General Assembly until the election of Andy Manar and Sue Scherer to the Illinois Senate and Illinois House respectively. A year later, he ran for Congress in Illinois's 18th congressional district losing to incumbent Ray LaHood. In 2003, Curran was sentenced to a year in federal prison for abusing his position with the Illinois Secretary of State. Context_8 : The Norwegian pop group Minor Majority was formed by Pål Angelskår and Andreas Berczelly as a studio project in the spring of 2000. The first record, "Walking Home From Nicole's", was released one year later with significant help from singer/songwriter Karen Jo Fields. Context_9 : Health & Social Care in the Community is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects community health, health care, and social work. It was established in 1993 and is published by John Wiley & Sons. The editor-in-chief is Karen Luker (University of Manchester). According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 2.047, ranking it 6th out of 42 journals in the category "Social Work". Context_10 : The University of Manchester is a public research university in Manchester, England, formed in 2004 by the merger of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology and the Victoria University of Manchester. The University of Manchester is a red brick university, a product of the civic university movement of the late-19th century. fact_1 :  The editor-in-chief is Karen Luker (University of Manchester). fact_2 : The University of Manchester is a public research university in Manchester, England, formed in 2004 by the merger of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology and the Victoria University of Manchester. Answer: 2004
The university that Karen Luker is from was formed in what year?

Context_1 : Fear No Evil is a book by the Ukrainian-Israeli activist and politician Natan Sharansky about his struggle to immigrate to Israel from the former Soviet Union. The book tells the story of the Jewish refuseniks in the USSR in the 1970s, his show trial on charges of espionage, incarceration by the KGB and liberation. Context_2 : Wei Jingsheng (; born 20 May 1950, Beijing) is a Chinese human rights activist known for his involvement in the Chinese democracy movement. He is most prominent for having authored the essay, "Fifth Modernization", which was posted on the "Democracy Wall" in Beijing in 1978. Due to the manifesto, Wei was arrested and convicted of "counterrevolutionary" activities, and was detained as a political prisoner from 1979–93. Released briefly in 1993, Wei continued with his dissident activities by speaking to visiting journalists, and was imprisoned again from 1994–97, spending a total of 18 years in different prisons. He was deported to the United States on 16 November 1997, on medical parole. Still a Chinese citizen, in 1998 Wei established the Wei Jingsheng Foundation in New York City (now based in Washington D.C.) whose stated aim is to work to improve human rights and democratization in China. Context_3 : Refusenik is a 2007 documentary film by Laura Bialis that chronicles the struggle of Jews to emigrate from the Soviet Union in the 1960s and 1970s. A former refusenik Natan Sharansky appears in the film. Context_4 : Yisrael BaAliyah (Hebrew: ישראל בעלייה‎ ‎ , Исраэль ба-Алия ; lit. "Israel on the up") was a political party in Israel between its formation in 1996 and its merger into Likud in 2003. It was formed to represent the interests of Russian immigrants by former refusenik Natan Sharansky. Initially a centrist party, it drifted to the right towards the end of its existence. Context_5 : Omri Sharon (Hebrew: עמרי שרון‎ ‎ , born 19 August 1964) is a former Israeli politician. Sharon served as a member of Knesset between 2003 and 2006. In 2006, he was convicted of corruption and served a prison term. He is the son of former Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. Context_6 : Natan Sharansky (Hebrew: נתן שרנסקי‎ ‎ , Russian: Ната́н Щара́нский , Ukrainian: Натан Щаранський ; born Anatoly Borisovich Shcharansky (Russian: Анато́лий Бори́сович Щара́нский , Ukrainian: Анатолій Борисович Щаранський ) on 20 January 1948) is an Israeli politician, human rights activist and author who, as a refusenik in the Soviet Union during the 1970s and 1980s, spent nine years in Soviet prisons. He has served as Chairman of the Executive of the Jewish Agency since June 2009. Context_7 : The Case for Democracy is a foreign policy manifesto written by one-time Soviet political prisoner and former Israeli Member of the Knesset, Natan Sharansky. Sharansky's friend Ron Dermer is the book's co-author. The book achieved the bestsellers list of the "New York Times", "Washington Post" and "Foreign Affairs". Context_8 : Ron Dermer (Hebrew: רון דרמר‎ ‎ , born April 16, 1971) is an American-born Israeli political consultant and diplomat who currently serves as the Israeli Ambassador to the United States. He previously served as Israel's economic envoy to the United States from 2005 to 2008, a position requiring him to give up his American citizenship, and subsequently served as senior adviser to current Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for four years. On July 9, 2013 Dermer was confirmed by the government of Israel as Israel's ambassador to the United States, replacing Michael Oren. He began serving as Israel's Ambassador to the United States in October 2013. Context_9 : The foreign relations of the People's Republic of China (PRC), commonly known as to most states as China, are the relations between the People's Republic of China and other countries. It guides the way in which it interacts with foreign nations and expresses its political, economic and cultural strengths, weaknesses and values. As a great power and emerging superpower, China's foreign policy and strategic thinking is highly influential. China officially states it "unswervingly pursues an independent foreign policy of peace. The fundamental goals of this policy are to preserve China's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity, create a favorable international environment for China's reform and opening up and modernization construction, maintain world peace and propel common development." An example of a foreign policy decision guided by "sovereignty and territorial integrity" is its not engaging in diplomatic relations with any country that recognizes the Republic of China (Taiwan), which the PRC doesn't recognise as a separate nation. China is a member of many international organizations, holding key positions such as a permanent membership on the United Nations Security Council. The PRC's diplomatic goals were expansionist for achieving international communist revolution before the Cultural Revolution ended. In the early 1970s, the PRC replaced the ROC as the recognised government of "China" in the UN following Resolution 2758. As a nuclear power, China signed Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in the UN context. China's foreign policy today is summarized as strategic relations with neighboring countries and the world's superpowers to strive for China's national interest, to create a favorable environment for China's domestic development for perpetual competition in the world in the long-run. Context_10 : Town square test is a threshold test for a free society proposed by a former Soviet dissident and human rights activist Natan Sharansky, now a notable politician in Israel. fact_1 : The Case for Democracy is a foreign policy manifesto written by one-time Soviet political prisoner and former Israeli Member of the Knesset, Natan Sharansky. fact_2 :  Sharansky's friend Ron Dermer is the book's co-author. fact_3 : Ron Dermer (Hebrew: רון דרמר‎ ‎ , born April 16, 1971) is an American-born Israeli political consultant and diplomat who currently serves as the Israeli Ambassador to the United States. fact_4 :  On July 9, 2013 Dermer was confirmed by the government of Israel as Israel's ambassador to the United States, replacing Michael Oren. Answer: Ron Dermer

The Case for Democracy is a foreign policy manifesto written by onetime Soviet political prisoner and former Israeli Member of the Knesset, Natan Sharansky and coauthored by what former Isreali ambassador to the United States?