In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Ex Input:
Background: Since 2010, outbreaks of genotype 2 (G2) porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) have caused high mortality in neonatal piglets and have had devastating impacts on the swine industry in many countries. A reliable serological assay for evaluating the PEDV-specific humoral and mucosal immune response is important for disease survey, monitoring the efficacy of immunization, and designing strategies for the prevention and control of PED. Two PEDV spike (S) glycoprotein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed using G2b PEDV-Pintung 52 (PEDV-PT) trimeric full-length S and truncated S 1-501 proteins derived from the human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cell expression system. The truncated S 1-501 protein was selected from a superior expressed stable cell line. The sensitivity and specificity of these two ELISAs were compared to immunostaining of G2b PEDV-PT infected cells and to a commercial nucleocapsid (N)-based indirect ELISA kit using a panel of PEDV negative and hyperimmune sera. The commercial N-based ELISA exhibited a sensitivity of 37%, a specificity of 100%, and a fair agreement (kappa = 0.37) with the immunostaining result. In comparison, the full-length S-based ELISA showed a sensitivity of 97.8%, a specificity of 94%, and an almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.90) with the immunostaining result. Interestingly, the S 1-501 -based ELISA had even higher sensitivity of 98.9% and specificity of 99.1%, and an almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.97) with the immunostaining result. A fair agreement (kappa< 0.4) was seen between the commercial N-based ELISA and either of our S-based ELISAs. However, the results of the full-length S-based ELISA shared an almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.92) with that of S 1-501 -based ELISA. (Continued on next page)

Ex Output:
Development and comparison of enzyme- linked immunosorbent assays based on recombinant trimeric full-length and truncated spike proteins for detecting antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus


Ex Input:
In this paper, a modified susceptible infected susceptible (SIS) epidemic model is proposed on community structure networks considering birth and death of node. For the existence of node's death would change the topology of global network, the characteristic of network with death rate is discussed. Then we study the epidemiology behavior based on the mean-field theory and derive the relationships between epidemic threshold and other parameters, such as modularity coefficient, birth rate and death rates (caused by disease or other reasons). In addition, the stability of endemic equilibrium is analyzed. Theoretical analysis and simulations show that the epidemic threshold increases with the increase of two kinds of death rates, while it decreases with the increase of the modularity coefficient and network size.

Ex Output:
The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications Modeling and analysis of epidemic spreading on community network with node's birth and death


Ex Input:
The rat (Rattus norvegicus) is used in a broad field of biomedical research, and numerous animal models for human diseases have been developed. The rat genetic map, however, remains poorly documented. Hedrich (1990) described a rat linkage map consisting of 13 groups, of which only 6 were assigned to chromosomes. Levan and coworkers (1991, 1992) collected mapping information from the literature, including their own works. Their tables and figures contain gene chromosomal assignments, cytogenetical localizations, and comparisons of the rat G-banding pattern with those of mice and humans, but do not include any information about gene orders or distances. Recently, an informative rat genetic linkage map has been reported by Serikawa and colleagues (1992b). It is based on the segregation of 125 polymorphic markers in seven rat backcrosses and two F 2 crosses, and all of the linkage groups are assigned to particular chromosomes. The linkage map and the information on microsatellite markers became a great help for genetic studies with rat models for human diseases. Since then, a considerable amount of new data for the rat linkage map has appeared in several publications. We, therefore, have collected mapping data published up to the middle of 1993, including our recent reports, and have summarized it here in a list of mapped loci. This genetic map, constructed by combining several linkage data, and two comparative maps for mouse or human homologous rat genes should be very informative to many researchers working on genetic studies in rats, mice, or humans. Rat genetic linkage map

Ex Output:

Special Report A rat genetic linkage map and comparative maps for mouse or human homologous rat genes