We would like you to assess the QUALITY of each of the following argument (discussing Gay Marriage) and determine if the argument is Valid or Invalid. A valid argument is clearly interpretable and either expresses an argument, or a premise or a conclusion that can be used in an argument for the topic of gay marriage. An invalid argument is a phrase that cannot be interpreted as an argument or not on the topic of gay marriage.

Input: Consider Input: If we look at the intent of the framers of the 14th amendment, we see that they intended the amendment to protect rights broadly and to apply to all persons.

Output: Valid


Input: Consider Input: Due to the fact that legal marriages between heterosexual couples are granted federal recognition, benefits and interstate transportability which would be denied to Civil Unions if left up to individual states.

Output: Valid


Input: Consider Input: 1) I agree that "moral disapproval of same-sex relations" was the asserted state interest, and that it was invalid.


Output: Valid