Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Androgen-independent prostate cancer is today an incurable disease, but increased understanding of the mechanisms for the transition into an androgen-independent state may increase the possibilities for more efficient strategies in the future.', 'An androgen-independent subline, LNCaP-19, to the androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP was developed in vitro under standard culture conditions. The characteristics of LNCaP-19 regarding androgen responsiveness, PSA, and VEGF secretion was studied in vitro. The growth in vivo and the microvessel density (MVD) of the tumors were studied after inoculation in nude mice.', 'LNCaP-19 grows equally well in dextran-charcoal stripped FBS (DCC-FBS) as in normal FBS, and rapidly gives rise to tumors in both intact and castrated mice, indicating a true androgen-independent growth. The PSA secretion from LNCaP-19 cells was lower than from LNCaP cells, while the VEGF level was comparable to the secretion from LNCaP cells without androgen stimulation. The MVD was increased in the LNCaP-19 tumors, and the vessels also displayed a changed morphology with exclusively small microvessels without lumen.
Answer: LNCaP-19 shows characteristics resembling those of androgen-independent prostate cancer. An increased MVD and changed vessel morphology in the tumor, makes it an interesting model system for studies regarding angiogenesis in the context of the acquisition of androgen independence.
Is transition of an androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell line into an androgen-independent subline associated with increased angiogenesis?

Context: To assess the accuracy of the clinically estimated blood loss (EBL) when compared with the actual blood loss (ABL) in replacement surgeries.', "This prospective study was done in Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre from April 2011 to April 2013. Altogether 140 patients undergoing total hip replacement or total knee replacement were included with the inclusion criteria being patients with haemoglobin higher than 100 g/ml and coagulation profile within normal limits. Exclusion criteria were intake of anti-platelet drug or anti-coagulant, bleeding disorders, thrombotic episode, and haematological disorders. There were 65 men and 75 women. In this study, the consultants were free to use any clinical method to estimate the blood loss, including counting the blood-soaked mops and gauze pieces (estimating the volume of blood carried in all the mops and gauzes), measuring blood lost to suction bottles and blood in and around the operative field. The ABL was calculated based on a modification of the Gross's formula using haematocrit values.", 'In 42 of the 140 cases, the EBL exceeded the ABL. These cases had a negative difference in blood loss (or DIFF-BL<0) and were included in the overestimation group, which accounted for 30% of the study population. Of the remaining 98 cases (70%), the ABL exceeded the EBL. Therefore they were put into the underestimation group who had a positive difference in blood loss (DIFF-BL>0). We found that when the average blood loss was small, the accuracy of estimation was high. But when the average blood loss exceeded 500 ml, the accuracy rate decreased significantly. This suggested that clinical estimation is inaccurate with the increase of blood loss.
Answer: This study has shown that using clinical estimation alone to guide blood transfusion is inadequate. In this study, 70% of patients had their blood loss underestimated, proving that surgeons often underestimate blood loss in replacement surgeries.
Do surgeons often underestimate the amount of blood loss in replacement surgeries?

Context: To explore the effect of thymopentin (TP5) on the choice of ethanol and ameliorating withdrawal symptoms (anxiety) of ethanol in mice.', 'Mice were administered ethanol (v/v) in schedular fashion: 5% (1 week), 10% (1 week) and 15% (4 weeks), followed with the free choice between ethanol and water. Ethanol/(ethanol+water)x100% [E/(E+W)x100%] was measured as an index of ethanol selection. Light-dark box test and elevated plus maze test were chosen for the assessment of anxiety pre-drug and post-drug. After TP5 [0.2 mg/(kgxd), 0.4 mg/(kgxd)], i.p. or saline (vehicle control), i.p. for 14 days, the procedure was repeated.', '(1) E/(E+W)x100%: the post-drug values of TP5 (0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg) were lower significantly than the pre-drug values. (2) Light-dark box test: the post-drug values of number of entries and time spent in the light chamber of TP5 (0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg) were more than the pre-drug values themselves and the post-drug value of saline. (3) Elevated plus maze test: the post-drug values of time spent on open arms of TP5 (0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg) were more than the pre-drug values themselves and the post-drug value of salineìand the post-drug values of time spent on close arms of TP5 were less than the pre-drug values.
Answer: TP5 could decrease the uptake of ethanol and ameliorate anxious behavior associated with ethanol withdrawal in mice.

Are [ Withdrawal symptoms of ethanol ameliorated by thymopentin in mice ]?