In medical studies, the efficacy of medical treatments (called interventions) is evaluated within a group of study participants. You will be given a sentence of a study report in which your task is to list the phrases that describe the intervention(s) of the study. You should list the phrase in the same order that they appear in the text, separated by commas. If no information about the interventions is mentioned, just answer with "not found". Interventions are: a specific drug, surgery, talking therapy, a lifestyle modification, control or placebo treatment. Do not include details, dosages, frequency and duration, intervention mentions that are not in an informative span of text.

[Q]: On two days , 60 COPD patients underwent dyspnea evaluation ( VAS score ) and pulmonary function testing at baseline and one hour after placebo or 300μg indacaterol administration .
[A]: placebo, indacaterol


[Q]: Little evidence has been published for the nondiabetic population .
[A]: not found


[Q]: The results suggest that the use of PMRT could enhance quality of life and decrease state anxiety in patients after stoma surgery .
[A]:
not found