In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

This philosopher argued that the only way to exercise freedom is to act morally, because otherwise one's actions are bound by one's conditional desires. This thinker defined the title concept of one of his essays as "man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity." He postulated that our senses perceive only phenomena and not noumena, so we can never truly know the "thing-in-itself." This author of "What is Enlightenment" argued that we should act only according to maxims that could be made universal law, which he called the "categorical imperative." For 10 points, name this German author of Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and Critique of Pure Reason.
Social Science

In one work, this composer adapted the opening theme from the first section "Arietta" into a waltz for the last segment entitled, "Remembrances," and he wrote an "air" in andante religioso for a work written "in old style" dedicated to a playwright. In addition to Lyric Pieces and the Holberg Suite, one of his works has sections titled "Anitra's Dance" and "Morning Mood" and a sharp cymbal crash represents the destruction of a mountain as trolls are chasing the title character in the movement, "In the Hall of the Mountain King. " For 10 points, name this composer, who wrote the Peer Gynt Suites, a noted Norwegian.
Fine Arts

Dividing this quantity by Avogadro's number to the one third times molar volume to the two thirds and multipliying by a steric coefficient gives specific surface energy according to Stefan's formula. This quantity is on the y-axis of a Mollier diagram, where it is plotted against entropy. This quantity is divided by the square of the temperature on the right side of the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, which relates it to Gibbs free energy. The differential of this quantity equals TdS plus VdP. This quantity equals internal energy plus pressure times volume. Only the change in this quantity can actually be measured. For 10 points, name this quantity, a state function computed using Hess's Law.

Science