Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Context: Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have multiple abnormalities of autonomic regulation that have been associated to their high mortality rate. Heart rate recovery immediately after exercise is an index of parasympathetic activity, but its prognostic role in CHF patients has not been determined yet.', 'Ninety-two stable CHF patients (83M/9F, mean age: 51+/-12 years) performed an incremental symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Measurements included peak O2 uptake (VO2p), ventilatory response to exercise (VE/VCO2 slope), the first-degree slope of VO2 for the 1st minute of recovery (VO2/t-slope), heart rate recovery [(HRR1, bpm): HR difference from peak to 1 min after exercise] and chronotropic response to exercise [%chronotropic reserve (CR, %)=(peak HR-resting HR/220-age-resting HR)x100]. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %) was also measured by radionuclide ventriculography.', 'Fatal events occurred in 24 patients (26%) during 21+/-6 months of follow-up. HRR1 was lower in non-survivors (11.4+/-6.4 vs. 20.4+/-8.1; p<0.001). All cause-mortality rate was 65% in patients with HRR1<or=12 bpm versus 11% in patients with HRR1>12 bpm (log-rank: 32.6; p<0.001). By multivariate survival analysis, HRR1 resulted as an independent predictor of mortality (chi2=19.2; odds ratio: 0.87; p<0.001) after adjustment for LVEF, VO2p, VE/VCO2 slope, CR and VO2/t-slope. In a subgroup of patients with intermediate exercise capacity (VO2p: 10-18, ml/kg/min), HRR1 was a strong predictor of mortality (chi2: 14.3; odds ratio: 0.8; p<0.001).
Answer: Early heart rate recovery is an independent prognostic risk indicator in CHF patients and could be used in CHF risk stratification.

Ex Output:
Does early heart rate recovery after exercise predict mortality in patients with chronic heart failure?


Ex Input:
Context: Anxiety a core feature of panic disorder, is linked to function of the amygdala. Volume alterations in the brain of patients with panic disorder have previously been reported, but there has been no report of amygdala volume association with anxiety.', 'Volumes of hippocampus and amygdala were manually measured using magnetic resonance imaging obtained from 27 patients with panic disorder and 30 healthy comparison subjects. In addition the amygdala was focused on, applying small volume correction to optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the NEO Personality Inventory Revised were also used to evaluate anxiety.', 'Amygdala volumes in both hemispheres were significantly smaller in patients with panic disorder compared with control subjects (left: t = -2.248, d.f. = 55, P = 0.029; right: t = -2.892, d.f. = 55, P = 0.005). VBM showed that structural alteration in the panic disorder group occurred on the corticomedial nuclear group within the right amygdala (coordinates [x,y,z (mm)]: [26,-6,-16], Z score = 3.92, family-wise error-corrected P = 0.002). The state anxiety was negatively correlated with the left amygdala volume in patients with panic disorder (r = -0.545, P = 0.016).
Answer: These findings suggested that the smaller volume of the amygdala may be associated with anxiety in panic disorder. Of note, the smaller subregion in the amygdala estimated on VBM could correspond to the corticomedial nuclear group including the central nucleus, which may play a crucial role in panic attack.

Ex Output:
Is smaller amygdala associated with anxiety in patients with panic disorder?


Ex Input:
Context: We were interested in exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed difference in histamine (H) responsiveness between seasonal allergic rhinitic (SAR) and nonrhinitic (NR) subjects. We hypothesized that SAR subjects express higher nasal mucosal histamine receptor 1 (H1R) and 2 (H2R) levels than do NR subjects. In addition, we examined expression of genes involved in regulating the glandular response, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGFR), and mucins (Muc5Ac and Muc5B).', 'Fourteen subjects, seven SAR and seven NR, were provoked during pollen season with doubling doses of H (0.125-8.0 mg/ml). Nasal airway resistance (NAR) was measured by active posterior rhinomanometry. Provocation was halted when NAR exceeded 150% of baseline. Prior to provocation, nasal scrapings were obtained and mRNA quantified using two-step real-time PCR.', 'The mean PD50 (concentration of H producing a 50% increase in NAR) was significantly lower in the SAR than NR group (0.36 vs 1.32 mg/ml; P < 0.05). The ratio of relative gene copy numbers between the SAR and NR groups were as follows: H1R, 0.85 (P = 0.52); H2R, 0.67 (P = 0.35); EGF, 1.02 (P = 0.93), and EGFR, 103.5 (P < 0.05).
Answer: There were no significant differences in H1R or H2R mRNA levels between SAR and NR subjects in-season, despite observed differences in H reactivity. SAR subjects, however, did show a significant elevation in EGFR expression, consistent with the observation of mucus hypersecretion in allergic rhinitis.

Ex Output:

Is epidermal growth factor receptor - but not histamine receptor - upregulated in seasonal allergic rhinitis?