instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
It is common in public health and epidemiology that the outcome of interest is counts of events occurrence. Analysing these data using classical linear models is mostly inappropriate, even after transformation of outcome variables due to overdispersion. Zero-adjusted mixture count models such as zero-inflated and hurdle count models are applied to count data when over-dispersion and excess zeros exist. Main objective of the current paper is to apply such models to analyse risk factors associated with human helminths (S. haematobium) particularly in a case where there's a high proportion of zero counts.", 'The data were collected during a community-based randomised control trial assessing the impact of mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel in Malawi, and a school-based cross sectional epidemiology survey in Zambia. Count data models including traditional (Poisson and negative binomial) models, zero modified models (zero inflated Poisson and zero inflated negative binomial) and hurdle models (Poisson logit hurdle and negative binomial logit hurdle) were fitted and compared.', 'Using Akaike information criteria (AIC), the negative binomial logit hurdle (NBLH) and zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB) showed best performance in both datasets. With regards to zero count capturing, these models performed better than other models.
answer:
Do zero adjusted models with applications to analysing helminths count data?


question:
The antibacterial activity of antimicrobial peptides is influenced by various factors such as salt content, pH and the presence of proteins. In this study, we explored the antibacterial action of the human cathelicidin LL-37 in physiologically relevant conditions, i.e. various human wound fluids, human plasma fractions and serum.', 'Radial diffusion assays using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were employed for the study of antibacterial effects of LL-37 in the presence of 12 different wound fluids, citrate-, heparin- or EDTA-plasma, or human serum. Glycosaminoglycan content of wound fluids was determined by an Alcian Blue-binding assay. Protein content of wound fluids was measured by the Bradford method. A slot-binding assay was used to study the effects of inhibitors on the interaction between LL-37 and glycosaminoglycans.', 'Five of twelve wound fluids derived from acute wounds showed marked inhibitory effects on the antibacterial action of LL-37. The inhibition was significantly correlated with high glycosaminoglycan content in wound fluid. Analogous to these findings, heparin-plasma strongly inhibited the antibacterial effect of LL-37. The interaction between LL-37 and glycosaminoglycans was abrogated by the cationic polymers DEAE-dextran and chitosan, yielding increased activity of LL-37.
answer:
Do glycosaminoglycans inhibit the antibacterial activity of LL-37 in biological fluids?


question:
To determine fetal thymus growth and its relationship with fetal weight and cord blood T-regulatory cells in a prospective study. Assessment of fetal immune organs by ultrasound could provide a screening approach to identify fetuses at risk of impaired postnatal immunity.', 'Thymus size was measured with four ultrasound techniques. The approaches with lowest coefficient of variation (thymus transverse diameter, 3 vessel edge) were used to longitudinally assess fetal and thymus growth in 137 cases at four time points between a gestational age (GA) of 13 and 37 weeks. Cord blood at birth was analyzed by flow-cytometry to evaluate the frequency of regulatory T (Treg) cells.
answer:

Does fetal thymus size in human pregnancies reveal inverse association with regulatory T cell frequencies in cord blood?