In this task your given two statements. You must judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label the instances as "cause" or "effect" based on your judgment. The sentences are separated by a newline character.

Q: The man defied the authorities of the church.
He was excommunicated from the church.

A: effect
****
Q: The police officer pulled over the celebrity.
The celebrity offered the officer a bribe.

A: effect
****
Q: The celebrity wore sunglasses.
She wanted to avoid recognition.

A:
cause
****