Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[EX Q]: Lymphocyte alterations have been associated with an increased prevalence of acute respiratory infections in COPD patients. AM3 is an oral immunomodulator that normalizes the defective functions of peripheral blood natural killer and phagocytic cells in COPD patients and improves their health-related quality of life.', 'To characterize putative systemic abnormalities of the T-cell compartment in COPD patients, and to investigate whether AM3 can restore such abnormalities.', 'The study was a randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in a cohort of COPD patients. The results were also compared to those of nonsmoker and ex-smoker healthy control subjects.', 'Outpatient departments of four hospitals.', 'Seventy COPD patients were randomized to receive either AM3 or a placebo orally for 90 consecutive days. Populations of 36 healthy nonsmokers and 36 healthy ex-smokers were used as control subjects.', 'Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation and production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-12p40, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon (IFN)-gamma proteins in response to the T-cell polyclonal mitogens were assessed at baseline and at the end of treatment.', 'The proliferative response was significantly decreased in COPD patients. Decreased production of IFN-gamma was the only defect in the profiles of the cytokine measures, and was selectively observed in COPD patients, but not in nonsmoker and ex-smoker healthy control subjects. Treatment with AM3 significantly restored the PBMC proliferative response to polyclonal mitogens and significantly promoted stimulated IFN-gamma production in these patients. The normalization of these proliferative responses was not related to significant variations in the numbers of peripheral blood monocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ cells or of any major naïve/memory/activated T-cell subset. The increased IFN-gamma production in the AM3 study arm was associated with an increase in the mean of number of IFN-gamma molecules produced per CD8+ T cells.
[EX A]: 1

[EX Q]: To determine whether systemically administered recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) accelerates the recovery of mouse small intestinal mucosa after irradiation.', 'A mouse mucosal damage model was established by administering radiation to male BALB/c mice with a single dose of 15 Gy applied to the abdomen. After irradiation, rhEGF was administered subcutaneously at various doses (0.04, 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg/day) eight times at 2- to 3-day intervals. The evaluation methods included histologic changes of small intestinal mucosa, change in body weight, frequency of diarrhea, and survival rate.', 'The recovery of small intestinal mucosa after irradiation was significantly improved in the mice treated with a high dose of rhEGF. In the mice that underwent irradiation without rhEGF treatment, intestinal mucosal ulceration, mucosal layer damage, and severe inflammation occurred. The regeneration of villi was noticeable in mice treated with more than 0.2 mg/kg rhEGF, and the villi recovered fully in mice given more than 1 mg/kg rhEGF. The frequency of diarrhea persisting for more than 3 days was significantly greater in the radiation control group than in the rhEGF-treated groups.
[EX A]: 1

[EX Q]: The ANP32A gene encodes a tumor suppressor molecule that plays a regulatory role in apoptosis and interferes with canonical Wnt signaling in vitro. We undertook this study to test whether genetic variation at ANP32A was associated with osteoarthritis (OA) in women.', 'Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ANP32A gene were genotyped in 438 control women, 425 women with total knee replacements (TKRs), and 537 women with total hip replacements (THRs) from the Nottingham case-control study as well as in 820 women from the population-based Chingford Study cohort for whom hip and knee radiographs were available. The most highly associated SNP was further tested in women from the Rotterdam Study (131 with THRs, 633 with knee OA, and 1,567 controls) and the TwinsUK Study cohort (67 with THRs, 43 with TKRs, and 358 controls), for a total of 2,170 patients with OA and 2,849 controls.', 'The ANP32A transcript was abundantly expressed in normal and OA articular cartilage. Three SNPs in the ANP32A gene were significantly associated in Nottingham patients with hip OA, but not knee OA. One of these (rs7164503) was associated with hip and knee OA in the Chingford Study cohort and with THR in the TwinsUK Study cohort, but the association was not statistically significant in the Rotterdam Study. When we combined hip data from all 4 cohorts, we found that the minor allele of rs7164503 was associated with a significantly lower risk of hip OA (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio 0.67 [95% confidence interval 0.53-0.84], P < 3.8 x 10(-4)) and that a similar trend was observed for knee OA (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio 0.87 [95% confidence interval 0.73-1.01], P < 0.055).
[EX A]:
1