TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
PROBLEM: SECTION 1. INCENTIVES TO INCREASE USE OF HIV SCREENING TESTS UNDER THE 
              MEDICAID PROGRAM.

    (a) Higher Federal Matching Percentage for Routine HIV Screening 
Services.--Section 1903 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396b) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph 
                (8); and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following 
                new paragraph:
            ``(7) an amount equal to 90 percent of the sums expended 
        during such quarter which are attributable to the costs of 
        providing routine HIV screening services (as defined in 
        subsection (aa)(1)) if the conditions described in subsection 
        (aa)(2) are met; plus''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(aa) Routine HIV Screening Services.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of this section, the term 
        `routine HIV screening services' means the following:
                    ``(A) An HIV screening test (and, if such test is 
                positive, a confirmatory HIV test), including the 
                interpretation of such tests, that is provided as part 
                of medical care in any health care setting (other than 
                an inpatient hospital setting) for an individual who--
                            ``(i) is at least 13, but not more than 64, 
                        years of age;
                            ``(ii) is not known to the health care 
                        provider (directly, through information 
                        provided by the individual, or through access 
                        to an electronic medical record) previously 
                        ever to have had a positive test for HIV or, 
                        subject to paragraph (3), within the previous 6 
                        months to have had any test for HIV; and
                            ``(iii) has been informed that such a test 
                        will be administered and has not objected to 
                        such a test.
                    ``(B) Informing an individual so tested of the 
                results of the tests at the time of such examination.
                    ``(C) In the case of such an individual who tests 
                positive for HIV on the screening and confirmatory 
                tests, post-test counseling concerning HIV at the time, 
                and as part of, such examination.
            ``(2) Conditions.--For purposes of subsection (a)(7), the 
        conditions of this paragraph, with respect to routine HIV 
        screening services, are that--
                    ``(A) the payment amount for such services under 
                this title is reasonable and closely approximates the 
                payment amount for such services under part B of title 
                XVIII;
                    ``(B) no cost-sharing is imposed under this title 
                for the provision of such services; and
                    ``(C) in the case of a State for which a political 
                subdivision is required to contribute towards the non-
                Federal share of expenditures for routine HIV screening 
                services, the increase in the Federal share applicable 
                under subsection (a)(5) to such services is first 
                applied to reduce the contribution (but not below zero) 
                required by such political subdivision.
            ``(3) Exception.--The limitation under paragraph (1)(A)(ii) 
        with respect to having a test for HIV within the previous 6 
        months shall not apply to an individual if the individual 
        indicates that, because of the individual's possible exposure 
        to HIV during the intervening period, the individual is at 
        increased risk of acquiring HIV since such previous test.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Subparagraphs (E) and (F) of section 1919(h)(2) of such 
        Act (42 U.S.C. 1396r(h)(2)) are each amended by striking 
        ``1903(a)(7)'' and inserting ``1903(a)(8)''.
            (2) Paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 1931(h) of such Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 1396u-1(h)) are each amended by striking 
        ``1903(a)(7)'' and inserting ``1903(a)(8)''.
            (3) Section 1938(d)(4) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396u-
        8(d)(4)) is amended by striking ``1903(a)(7)'' and inserting 
        ``1903(a)(8)''.
            (4) Section 1940(j) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396w(j)) is 
        amended by striking ``paragraph (7)'' and inserting ``paragraph 
        (8)''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall 
apply to services furnished on or after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.
    (d) Report.--Not later 2 years after the date of the enactment of 
this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall submit a 
report to Congress on barriers that exist for Medicaid beneficiaries to 
access routine HIV screening services (as defined in section 1903(aa) 
of the Social Security Act, as added by subsection (a)(2)). Such report 
shall include recommendations on how to reduce such barriers to access 
such services.

SOLUTION: Amends title XIX (Medicaid) of the Social Security Act to direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to make quarterly payments to states with Medicaid plans for 90% of their expenditures for routine HIV screening services.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Torture Victims Relief Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The American people abhor torture by any government or 
        person. The existence of torture creates a climate of fear and 
        international insecurity that affects all people.
            (2) Torture is the deliberate mental and physical damage 
        caused by governments to individuals to destroy individual 
        personality and terrorize society. The effects of torture are 
        long term. Those effects can last a lifetime for the survivors 
        and affect future generations.
            (3) By eliminating leadership of their opposition and 
        frightening the general public, repressive governments often 
        use torture as a weapon against democracy.
            (4) Torture survivors remain under physical and 
        psychological threats, especially in communities where the 
        perpetrators are not brought to justice. In many nations, even 
        those who treat torture survivors are threatened with 
        reprisals, including torture, for carrying out their ethical 
        duties to provide care. Both the survivors of torture and their 
        treatment providers should be accorded protection from further 
        repression.
            (5) A significant number of refugees and asylees entering 
        the United States have been victims of torture. Those claiming 
        asylum deserve prompt consideration of their applications for 
        political asylum to minimize their insecurity and sense of 
        danger. Many torture survivors now live in the United States. 
        They should be provided with the rehabilitation services which 
        would enable them to become productive members of our 
        communities.
            (6) The development of a treatment movement for torture 
        survivors has created new opportunities for action by the 
        United States and other nations to oppose state-sponsored and 
        other acts of torture.
            (7) There is a need for a comprehensive strategy to protect 
        and support torture victims and their treatment providers, 
        together with overall efforts to eliminate torture.
            (8) By acting to heal the survivors of torture and protect 
        their families, the United States can help to heal the effects 
        of torture and prevent its use around the world.
            (9) The United States became a party to the Convention 
        Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading 
        Treatment or Punishment on November 20, 1994, but has not 
        implemented Article 3 of the Convention.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    As used in this Act:
            (1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided, the terms 
        used in this Act have the meanings given those terms in section 
        101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
        1101(a)).
            (2) Torture.--The term ``torture'' has the meaning given 
        the term in section 2340(1) of title 18, United States Code, 
        and includes the use of rape and other forms of sexual violence 
        by a person acting under the color of law upon another person 
        under his custody or physical control.

SEC. 4. PROHIBITION ON INVOLUNTARY RETURN OF PERSONS FEARING SUBJECTION 
              TO TORTURE.

    (a) Prohibition.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
United States shall not expel, remove, extradite, or otherwise return 
involuntarily an individual to a country if there is substantial 
evidence that a reasonable person in the circumstances of that 
individual would fear subjection to torture in that country.
    (b) Definition.--For purposes of this section, the term ``to return 
involuntarily'', in the case of an individual, means--
            (1) to return the individual without the individual's 
        consent, whether or not the return is induced by physical force 
        and whether or not the person is physically present in the 
        United States; or
            (2) to take an action by which it is reasonably foreseeable 
        that the individual will be returned, whether or not the return 
        is induced by physical force and whether or not the person is 
        physically present in the United States.

SEC. 5. IMMIGRATION PROCEDURES FOR TORTURE VICTIMS.

    (a) Covered Aliens.--An alien described in this section is any 
alien who presents a claim of having been subjected to torture, or whom 
there is reason to believe has been subjected to torture.
    (b) Consideration of the Effects of Torture.--In considering an 
application by an alien described in subsection (a) for refugee status 
under section 207 of the Immigration and Nationality Act, asylum under 
section 208 of that Act, or withholding of removal under section 
241(b)(3) of that Act, the appropriate officials shall take into 
account--
            (1) the manner in which the effects of torture might affect 
        the applicant's responses in the application and in the 
        interview process or other immigration proceedings, as the case 
        may be;
            (2) the difficulties torture victims often have in 
        recounting their suffering under torture; and
            (3) the fear victims have of returning to their country of 
        nationality where, even if torture is no longer practiced or 
        the incidence of torture is reduced, their torturers may have 
        gone unpunished and may remain in positions of authority.
    (c) Expedited Processing of Refugee Admissions.--For purposes of 
section 207(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1157(c)), refugees who have been subjected to torture shall be 
considered to be refugees of special humanitarian concern to the United 
States and shall be accorded priority for resettlement at least as high 
as that accorded any other group of refugees.
    (d) Processing for Asylum and Withholding of Removal.--Section 
235(b)(1)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1225(b)(1)(A)) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
clause:
                            ``(iv) Special procedures for aliens who 
                        are the victims of torture.--
                                    ``(I) Expedited procedures.--With 
                                the consent of the alien, an asylum 
                                officer or immigration judge shall 
                                expedite the scheduling of an asylum 
                                interview or a removal proceeding for 
                                any alien who presents a claim of 
                                having been subjected to torture, 
                                unless the evidence indicates that a 
                                delay in making a determination 
                                regarding the granting of asylum under 
                                section 208 of the Immigration and 
                                Nationality Act or the withholding of 
                                removal under section 241(b)(3) of that 
                                Act with respect to the alien would not 
                                aggravate the physical or psychological 
                                effects of torture upon the alien.
                                    ``(II) Delay of proceedings.--With 
                                the consent of the alien, an asylum 
                                officer or immigration judge shall 
                                postpone an asylum interview or a 
                                removal proceeding for any alien who 
                                presents a claim of having been 
                                subjected to torture, if the evidence 
                                indicates that, as a result of the 
                                alien's mental or physical symptoms 
                                resulting from torture, including the 
                                alien's inability to recall or relate 
                                the events of the torture, the alien 
                                will require more time to recover or be 
                                treated before being required to 
                                testify.
    (e) Parole in Lieu of Detention.--The finding that an alien is a 
person described in subsection (a) shall be a strong presumptive basis 
for a grant of parole, under section 212(d)(5) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(d)(5)), in lieu of detention.
    (f) Exemption From Expedited Removal.--Section 235(b)(1)(F) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1225(b)(1)(F)) is amended by 
inserting before the period at the end the following: ``, or to an 
alien described in section 5(a) of the Torture Victims Relief Act''.
    (g) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
Attorney General should allocate resources sufficient to maintain in 
the Resource Information Center of the Immigration and Naturalization 
Service current information relating to the use of torture in foreign 
countries.

SEC. 6. SPECIALIZED TRAINING FOR CONSULAR, IMMIGRATION, AND ASYLUM 
              PERSONNEL.

    (a) In General.--The Attorney General shall provide training for 
immigration inspectors and examiners, immigration officers, asylum 
officers, immigration judges, and all other relevant officials of the 
Department of Justice, and the Secretary of State shall provide 
training for consular officers, with respect to--
            (1) the identification of torture;
            (2) the identification of the surrounding circumstances in 
        which torture is most often practiced;
            (3) the long-term effects of torture upon a victim;
            (4) the identification of the physical, cognitive, and 
        emotional effects of torture, and the manner in which these 
        effects can affect the interview or hearing process; and
            (5) the manner of interviewing victims of torture so as not 
        to retraumatize them, eliciting the necessary information to 
        document the torture experience, and understanding the 
        difficulties victims often have in recounting their torture 
        experience.
    (b) Gender-Related Considerations.--In conducting training under 
subsection (a) (4) or (5), gender-specific training shall be provided 
on the subject of interacting with women and men who are victims of 
torture by rape or any other form of sexual violence.

SEC. 7. DOMESTIC TREATMENT CENTERS.

    (a) Amendment of the Immigration and Nationality Act.--Section 412 
of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1522) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(b) Assistance for Treatment of Torture Victims.--The Secretary 
may provide grants to programs in the United States to cover the cost 
of the following services:
            ``(1) Services for the rehabilitation of victims of 
        torture, including treatment of the physical and psychological 
        effects of torture.
            ``(2) Social and legal services for victims of torture.
            ``(3) Research and training for health care providers 
        outside of treatment centers, or programs for the purpose of 
        enabling such providers to provide the services described in 
        paragraph (1).''.
    (b) Funding.--
            (1) Authorization of appropriations.--Of the amounts 
        authorized to be appropriated for the Department of Health and 
        Human Services for fiscal years 1999, 2000, and 2001, but not 
        from funds made available to the Office of Refugee 
        Resettlement, there are authorized to be appropriated to carry 
        out section 412(g) of that Act (relating to assistance for 
        domestic centers and programs for the treatment of victims of 
        torture), as added by subsection (a), the following amounts for 
        the following fiscal years:
                    (A) For fiscal year 1999, $5,000,000.
                    (B) For fiscal year 2000, $7,500,000.
                    (C) For fiscal year 2001, $9,000,000.
            (2) Availability of funds.--Amounts appropriated pursuant 
        to this subsection shall remain available until expended.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
take effect on October 1, 1998.

SEC. 8. FOREIGN TREATMENT CENTERS.

    (a) Amendments of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.--Part I of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) is amended 
by adding at the end of chapter 1 the following new section:

``SEC. 129. ASSISTANCE FOR VICTIMS OF TORTURE.

    ``(a) In General.--The President is authorized to provide 
assistance for the rehabilitation of victims of torture.
    ``(b) Eligibility for Grants.--Such assistance shall be provided in 
the form of grants to treatment centers and programs in foreign 
countries that are carrying out projects or activities specifically 
designed to treat victims of torture for the physical and psychological 
effects of the torture.
    ``(c) Use of Funds.--Such assistance shall be available--
            ``(1) for direct services to victims of torture; and
            ``(2) to provide research and training to health care 
        providers outside of treatment centers or programs described in 
        subsection (b), for the purpose of enabling such providers to 
        provide the services described in paragraph (1).''.
    (b) Funding.--
            (1) Authorization of appropriations.--Of the amounts 
        authorized to be appropriated for fiscal years 1999, 2000, and 
        2001 pursuant to chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance 
        Act of 1961, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        President $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $7,500,000 for 
        fiscal year 2000, and $9,000,000 for fiscal year 2001 to carry 
        out section 129 of the Foreign Assistance Act, as added by 
        subsection (a).
            (2) Availability of funds.--Amounts appropriated pursuant 
        to this subsection shall remain available until expended.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
take effect on October 1, 1998.

SEC. 9. MULTILATERAL ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Funding.--Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for 
fiscal years 1999, 2000, and 2001 pursuant to chapter 1 of part I of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of 
Torture (in this section referred to as the ``Fund'') the following 
amounts for the following fiscal years:
            (1) Fiscal year 1999.--For fiscal year 1999, $3,000,000.
            (2) Fiscal year 2000.--For fiscal year 2000, $3,000,000.
            (3) Fiscal year 2001.--For fiscal year 2001, $3,000,000.
    (b) Availability of Funds.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to 
subsection (a) shall remain available until expended.
    (c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
President, acting through the United States Permanent Representative to 
the United Nations, should--
            (1) request the Fund--
                    (A) to find new ways to support and protect 
                treatment centers and programs that are carrying out 
                rehabilitative services for victims of torture; and
                    (B) to encourage the development of new such 
                centers and programs;
            (2) use the voice and vote of the United States to support 
        the work of the Special Rapporteur on Torture and the Committee 
        Against Torture established under the Convention Against 
        Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or 
        Punishment; and
            (3) use the voice and vote of the United States to 
        establish a country rapporteur or similar procedural mechanism 
        to investigate human rights violations in a country if either 
        the Special Rapporteur or the Committee Against Torture 
        indicates that a systematic practice of torture is prevalent in 
        that country.

SOLUTION: Torture Victims Relief Act - Prohibits the United States from expelling, removing, extraditing, or otherwise involuntarily returning an individual to a country if there is substantial evidence that a reasonable person in the circumstances of that individual would fear subjection to torture in that country. 
(Sec. 5) Covers within this Act any alien presenting a claim of having been tortured, or whom there is reason to believe has been tortured. 
Sets forth provisions regarding:  (1) consideration by appropriate officials of the effects of torture; (2) expedited processing of refugee admissions and for asylum and withholding of removal; (3) granting parole in lieu of detention for such an individual under the Immigration and Nationality Act; and (4) exemption of such an individual from expedited removal pursuant to such Act. 
Expresses the sense of the Congress that the Attorney General should allocate sufficient resources to maintain in the Immigration and Naturalization Service's Resource Information Center current information relating to the use of torture in foreign countries. 
(Sec. 6) Directs the Attorney General to provide training for immigration inspectors and examiners, immigration officers, asylum officers, immigration judges, and other relevant Department of Justice officials, and directs the Secretary of State to provide training for consular officers, regarding the identification of torture, the surrounding circumstances most often practiced, the long-term effects upon a victim, the identification of the physical, cognitive, and emotional effects of torture, and the appropriate manner of interviewing torture victims. 
(Sec. 7) Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to authorize the Secretary of Health and Human Services to provide grants to programs in the United States to cover the cost of specified services for torture victims.  Authorizes the appropriation of funds for assistance for domestic centers and programs for the treatment of torture victims. 
(Sec. 8) Amends the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to authorize the President to provide grants to treatment centers and programs in foreign countries which are specifically carrying out projects or activities to treat victims of torture.  Authorizes appropriations. 
(Sec. 9) Authorizes appropriations to the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture for FY 1999 through 2001.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Mobile Workforce State Income Tax 
Simplification Act of 2012''.

SEC. 2. LIMITATIONS ON STATE WITHHOLDING AND TAXATION OF EMPLOYEE 
              INCOME.

    (a) In General.--No part of the wages or other remuneration earned 
by an employee who performs employment duties in more than one State 
shall be subject to income tax in any State other than--
            (1) the State of the employee's residence; and
            (2) the State within which the employee is present and 
        performing employment duties for more than 30 days during the 
        calendar year in which the wages or other remuneration is 
        earned.
    (b) Wages or Other Remuneration.--Wages or other remuneration 
earned in any calendar year shall not be subject to State income tax 
withholding and reporting requirements unless the employee is subject 
to income tax in such State under subsection (a). Income tax 
withholding and reporting requirements under subsection (a)(2) shall 
apply to wages or other remuneration earned as of the commencement date 
of employment duties in the State during the calendar year.
    (c) Operating Rules.--For purposes of determining penalties related 
to an employer's State income tax withholding and reporting 
requirements--
            (1) an employer may rely on an employee's annual 
        determination of the time expected to be spent by such employee 
        in the States in which the employee will perform duties 
        absent--
                    (A) the employer's actual knowledge of fraud by the 
                employee in making the determination; or
                    (B) collusion between the employer and the employee 
                to evade tax;
            (2) except as provided in paragraph (3), if records are 
        maintained by an employer in the regular course of business 
        that record the location of an employee, such records shall not 
        preclude an employer's ability to rely on an employee's 
        determination under paragraph (1); and
            (3) notwithstanding paragraph (2), if an employer, at its 
        sole discretion, maintains a time and attendance system that 
        tracks where the employee performs duties on a daily basis, 
        data from the time and attendance system shall be used instead 
        of the employee's determination under paragraph (1).
    (d) Definitions and Special Rules.--For purposes of this Act:
            (1) Day.--
                    (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), an 
                employee is considered present and performing 
                employment duties within a State for a day if the 
                employee performs more of the employee's employment 
                duties within such State than in any other State during 
                a day.
                    (B) If an employee performs employment duties in a 
                resident State and in only one nonresident State during 
                one day, such employee shall be considered to have 
                performed more of the employee's employment duties in 
                the nonresident State than in the resident State for 
                such day.
                    (C) For purposes of this paragraph, the portion of 
                the day during which the employee is in transit shall 
                not be considered in determining the location of an 
                employee's performance of employment duties.
            (2) Employee.--The term ``employee'' has the same meaning 
        given to it by the State in which the employment duties are 
        performed, except that the term ``employee'' shall not include 
        a professional athlete, professional entertainer, or certain 
        public figures.
            (3) Professional athlete.--The term ``professional 
        athlete'' means a person who performs services in a 
        professional athletic event, provided that the wages or other 
        remuneration are paid to such person for performing services in 
        his or her capacity as a professional athlete.
            (4) Professional entertainer.--The term ``professional 
        entertainer'' means a person who performs services in the 
        professional performing arts for wages or other remuneration on 
        a per-event basis, provided that the wages or other 
        remuneration are paid to such person for performing services in 
        his or her capacity as a professional entertainer.
            (5) Certain public figures.--The term ``certain public 
        figures'' means persons of prominence who perform services for 
        wages or other remuneration on a per-event basis, provided that 
        the wages or other remuneration are paid to such person for 
        services provided at a discrete event, in the nature of a 
        speech, public appearance, or similar event.
            (6) Employer.--The term ``employer'' has the meaning given 
        such term in section 3401(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
        1986 (26 U.S.C. 3401(d)), unless such term is defined by the 
        State in which the employee's employment duties are performed, 
        in which case the State's definition shall prevail.
            (7) State.--The term ``State'' means any of the several 
        States.
            (8) Time and attendance system.--The term ``time and 
        attendance system'' means a system in which--
                    (A) the employee is required on a contemporaneous 
                basis to record his work location for every day worked 
                outside of the State in which the employee's employment 
                duties are primarily performed; and
                    (B) the system is designed to allow the employer to 
                allocate the employee's wages for income tax purposes 
                among all States in which the employee performs 
                employment duties for such employer.
            (9) Wages or other remuneration.--The term ``wages or other 
        remuneration'' may be limited by the State in which the 
        employment duties are performed.

SEC. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE; APPLICABILITY.

    (a) Effective Date.--This Act shall take effect on January 1 of the 
2d year that begins after the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (b) Applicability.--This Act shall not apply to any tax obligation 
that accrues before the effective date of this Act.

SOLUTION:
Mobile Workforce State Income Tax Simplification Act of 2012 - Prohibits the wages or other remuneration earned by an employee who performs employment duties in more than one state from being subject to income tax in any state other than: (1) the state of the employee's residence, and (2) the state within which the employee is present and performing employment duties for more than 30 days during the calendar year. Exempts employers from withholding of tax and information reporting requirements for employees not subject to income tax under this Act. Allows an employer, for purposes of determining penalties related to employer withholding or reporting requirements, to rely on an employee's annual determination of the time such employee will spend working in a state in the absence of fraud or collusion by such employee.

Exempts from the definition of "employee" for purposes of this Act professional athletes, professional entertainers, and public figures who are persons of prominence who perform services for wages or other remuneration on a per-event basis.