TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: One of his attendants was represented by an oxen, and another was the god of water, and represented by a snake. Vohu Manah and Haurvatat, together with Asha, Kshathra, Armaiti, and Ameretat, were called the Amesha Spentas, who opposed the Daevas. His father, Zurvan, was a deity of space, time, and fate, and his son, Atar, battled a dragon, Azhi Dahaka, that cut Zima in half with a saw. Called Ormazdh in the religion's contemporary form, it was Vohu Manah who appeared to a certain prophet near the Daitya River, invited him to come to heaven, and inspired him to compose the Gathas, part of the Avesta. FTP, name this god, the counterpart of Ahriman, the embodiment of good, and the supreme deity in Zoroastrianism.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: This writer distinguished between learning through description and learning through acquaintance in a work that introduces the Cartesian method of doubt with the example of a table. This man attempted to solve the problem of negative existentials in a work that claimed that "Aristotle" was not a name but a description. That work by this man also criticized Meinong and rejects the distinction between propositions and truth values proposed in (*) Frege's On Sense and Reference. This author of The Problems of Philosophy and "On Denoting" introduced his namesake paradox in naive set theory in a work that attempted to explain mathematics with axiomatic logic. For 10 points, name this British philosopher who co-wrote Principia Mathematica with Alfred North Whitehead.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: Early in his career, this man took an epithet symbolized by three circlets forming a triangle. Anthropologist Mikhail Gerasimov exhumed this man's corpse three days before the Nazis launched Operation Barbarossa, reflecting the supposed curse of his mausoleum Gur-e Amir. This man joined forces with his brother-in-law Husayn to defeat Ilyas Khoja, but then betrayed him and besieged him in Balkh. He later defeated Mahmud Tughluq and laid waste to Delhi in the Battle of Panipat. In his final expedition, he killed 20,000 inhabitants of Baghdad, en route to smashing Bayezid I before returning to his capital in present-day Uzbekistan. FTP, name this Turko-Mongol conqueror who ruled from Samarkand.

SOLUTION:
History