instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: To assess how different imputation methods used to account for missing variance data in primary studies influence tests of heterogeneity and pooled results from a meta-analysis with continuous outcomes.', 'Point and variance estimates for changes in serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were variably reported among 48 primary longitudinal studies of living kidney donors (71%-78% of point estimates were reported, 8%-13% of variance data were reported). We compared the results of meta-analysis, which either were restricted to available data or used four methods to impute missing variance data. These methods used reported P-values, reported nonparametric summaries, results from other similar studies using multiple imputation, or results from estimated correlation coefficients.', 'Significant heterogeneity was present in all four outcomes regardless of the imputation methods applied. The random effects point estimates and 95% confidence intervals varied little across imputation methods, and the differences were not clinically significant.\Question: Do imputing variance estimates alter the conclusions of a meta-analysis with continuous outcomes : a case study of changes in renal function after living kidney donation?
answer:
Different methods to impute the variance data in the primary studies did not alter the conclusions from this meta-analysis of continuous outcomes. Such reproducibility increases confidence in the results. However, as with most meta-analyses, there was no gold standard of truth, and results must be interpreted judiciously. The generalization of these findings to other meta-analyses, which differ in outcomes, missing data, or between-study heterogeneity, requires further consideration.


question:
Context: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of self-reported premenstrual symptoms among a large, population-based sample of reproductive age, active-duty women.', 'Data were obtained from a combined dataset of two large-scale mail surveys designed to represent the total force. Subjects included in the present study were 6026 active-duty women of all branches of military service stratified by service, paygrade group, race/ethnicity, and location. A multivariate approach is used to evaluate the interrelationships among psychosocial and lifestyle correlates of premenstrual symptoms or pain after controlling for demographic differences in women who reported premenstrual symptoms or pain during the past 3 months (cases) and those who did not (controls).', 'Premenstrual symptoms were reported by nearly 2 of every 3 reproductive age women. Women reporting premenstrual symptoms were more likely to report other symptoms of menstrual dysfunction, two or more current medical conditions, migraines, and healthcare provider visits in the past year. After controlling for the protective effects of taking Depo-Provera (Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI) and ever being pregnant, younger age, trying to lose weight, heavier drinking, poorer self-perceived health, and overall job stress were the most significant predictors of premenstrual symptoms. The greatest risk factor was a high level of job stress, with an almost 3-fold increase in risk relative to those without symptoms.\Question: Does psychosocial and lifestyle correlate of premenstrual symptoms among military women?
answer:
Work stress may mediate the relationship among depression and premenstrual symptoms. Further research is needed to elucidate the biological interrelationships among work stress, hormonal function, and premenstrual symptomatology.


question:
Context: Aminoguanidine (AG), a well known inhibitor of advanced glycation end products, has been reported to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism by which AG exerts its anti-fibrotic activity is not well understood. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated as playing a major role in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of AG on ROS generation and MMPs during the progress of hypertrophic growth.', 'Isoproterenol (ISO) (7 mg/kg/day, s.c., for 15 days) was used to induce cardiac hypertrophy in experimental adult Wistar rats. ISO-treated rats were co-treated with AG (50 mg/kg/day, i.p., for 15 days). Ventricular collagen deposition, gelatinase activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and the level of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) were investigated. In addition, in silico docking of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins, ROS generation, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 were also studied.', 'AG co-treatment markedly attenuated the ISO-induced hypertrophic growth and fibrosis. Heart-weight-to-body weight ratio and ventricular collagen levels were normalized upon AG co-treatment. A significantly decreased level of ventricular ROS generation (p < 0.001) and NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation was observed in the rat hearts co-treated with AG. Furthermore, in silico docking analysis revealed that AG interacts at the active site of MMP-2 and MMP-9.\Question: Does aminoguanidine inhibit ventricular fibrosis and remodeling process in isoproterenol-induced hypertrophied rat hearts by suppressing ROS and MMPs?
answer:

Anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophic activities of AG were mainly attributed to its ROS quenching efficacy and its direct interaction with MMP-2 and MMP-9.