In this task, you are given the abstract of a research paper. Your task is to generate a summary of this abstract. Your summary should not be very short, but it's better if it's not more than 30 words.
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Question: In this paper we study image captioning as a conditional GAN training, proposing both a context-aware LSTM captioner and co-attentive discriminator, which enforces semantic alignment between images and captions. We investigate the viability of two discrete GAN training methods: Self-critical Sequence Training (SCST) and Gumbel Straight-Through (ST) and demonstrate that SCST shows more stable gradient behavior and improved results over Gumbel ST.

Answer: Image captioning as a conditional GAN training with novel architectures, also study two discrete GAN training methods. 


Question: Recent work on encoder-decoder models for sequence-to-sequence mapping has shown that integrating both temporal and spatial attentional mechanisms into neural networks increases the performance of the system substantially. We report on a new modular network architecture that applies an attentional mechanism not on temporal and spatial regions of the input, but on sensor selection for multi-sensor setups. This network called the sensor transformation attention network (STAN) is evaluated in scenarios which include the presence of natural noise or synthetic dynamic noise. We demonstrate how the attentional signal responds dynamically to changing noise levels and sensor-specific noise, leading to reduced word error rates (WERs) on both audio and visual tasks using TIDIGITS and GRID; and also on CHiME-3, a multi-microphone real-world noisy dataset. The improvement grows as more channels are corrupted as demonstrated on the CHiME-3 dataset. Moreover, the proposed STAN architecture naturally introduces a number of advantages including ease of removing sensors from existing architectures, attentional interpretability, and increased robustness to a variety of noise environments.

Answer: We introduce a modular multi-sensor network architecture with an attentional mechanism that enables dynamic sensor selection on real-world noisy data from CHiME-3.


Question: Meta-learning will be crucial to creating lifelong, generalizable AI. In practice, however, it is hard to define the meta-training task distribution that is used to train meta-learners. If made too small, tasks are too similar for a model to meaningfully generalize. If made too large, generalization becomes incredibly difficult. We argue that both problems can be alleviated by introducing a teacher model that controls the sequence of tasks that a meta-learner is trained on. This teacher model is incentivized to start the student meta-learner on simple tasks then adaptively increase task difficulty in response to student progress. While this approach has been previously studied in curriculum generation, our main contribution is in extending it to meta-learning.

Answer:
Teacher that trains meta-learners like humans