In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

##note: r.j. reynolds tobacco co. v. ciccone is the current case that is being dealt with, therefore it is not being overruled.
overruling

id. at 581, citing pappas, supra at 431.
non-overruling

and, on each occasion, the defense took issue with the reasons offered by the prosecutor in support of the strike.""

non-overruling