TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
PROBLEM: Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic drug with potential for severe myelosuppression that is highly variable and poorly predictable.', 'We correlated CBR1 and CBR3 genotypes with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doxorubicin in 101 Southeast Asian breast cancer patients receiving first-line doxorubicin.', 'A common CBR3 11G>A variant was associated with lower doxorubicinol area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/doxorubicin AUC metabolite ratio (P=0.009, GG vs. AA; trend test, P=0.004), lower CBR3 expression in breast tumor tissue (P=0.001, GG vs. AA), greater tumor reduction (P=0.015, GG vs. AA), and greater percentage reduction of leukocyte and platelet counts at nadir (trend test, P < or = 0.03). Chinese and Malays had higher frequency of the CBR3 11G>A variant than Indians (P < or = 0.002). Another variant CBR3 730G>A was associated with higher doxorubicinol AUC (P=0.009, GG vs. AA) and CBR3 expression in breast tumor tissue (P=0.001, GG vs AA).

SOLUTION: Does genotype of human carbonyl reductase CBR3 correlate with doxorubicin disposition and toxicity?

PROBLEM: Currently, there is no standardised screening for prostate cancer in Europe. Assessment of risk is opportunistically undertaken in consultation with the GP or urologist. Evaluation of the prostate gland consists of a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum level and a digital rectal examination (DRE) of the gland. DRE is an essential part of the assessment that can independently predict prostate cancer in the setting of a normal PSA level.', 'To evaluate the clinical usefulness of the DRE in general practice and urology clinics, and to ascertain its positive predictive value and sensitivity.', 'A retrospective analysis study of a cohort of Irish men who underwent TRUS guided biopsy of the prostate in a single Irish tertiary referral centre, despite a normal PSA level. Patients were identified from a Rapid Access Prostate Clinic patient database. Pathological biopsy results were correlated with clinical DRE findings.', 'Patient demographics, PSA levels, and DRE findings from a prospectively established database and hospital data systems from May 2009 to October 2013 were analysed.', 'Of 103 men referred over a 53-month period with a normal age-adjusted PSA level, 67% were referred on the basis of an abnormal DRE alone. Thirty-five per cent of males with a normal PSA had prostate cancer. DRE alone had a sensitivity and specificity of 81% and 40% respectively in diagnosing prostate cancer, with a positive predictive value of 42%. Seventy-six per cent of these men had high-grade disease.

SOLUTION: Is digital rectal examination in primary care important for early detection of prostate cancer : a retrospective cohort analysis study?

PROBLEM: To determine if children with type 1 diabetes have increased arterial stiffness by estimating augmentation index with the simple noninvasive technique of radial artery tonometry.', 'We studied 98 type 1 diabetic children and 57 healthy control subjects, ages 10-18 years, matched for age, sex, race, and BMI, generating 43 matched pairs. Radial artery tonometry was performed, and blood was collected for analysis of fasting lipids, HbA1c, glucose, and cytokines in all children.', 'Children with diabetes had a significantly higher augmentation index corrected to a heart rate of 75 (AI75) than their matched control subjects. Mean AI75 in type 1 diabetic subjects was 1.11 +/- 10.15 versus -3.32 +/- 10.36 in control subjects. The case-control difference was 5.20 +/- 11.02 (P=0.0031).

SOLUTION:
Does radial artery tonometry demonstrate arterial stiffness in children with type 1 diabetes?