Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: The present study was undertaken to determine whether exposure of the sclera to prostaglandin (PG)F(2alpha) or to the PGF(2alpha) analogue latanoprost acid alters mRNA for matrix metalloproteinases.', 'Fifteen human eye bank eyes were studied. Circular pieces of sclera were either immediately preserved in a stabilization reagent or cultured in low-serum DMEM/F-12 medium. The cultures were treated for 24 hours with medium supplemented with PGF(2a), latanoprost acid, or vehicle. Total RNA was then isolated, and the expression of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -3, -8, -9, -10, and -12 were determined by real-time PCR. All results were normalized according to the GAPDH mRNA in each sample. Altered mRNA expression after PG treatments also was evaluated with microarrays containing 19 MMP genes and 4 tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) genes.', 'Real-time PCR results showed that 24 hours of exposure to 100 nM PGF(2alpha) significantly increased mRNA for MMP-1 and -9 (P < 0.06 Wilcoxon test) and that exposure to 100 nM latanoprost acid significantly increased mRNA for MMP-9 (P < 0.06 Wilcoxon test). Array analysis demonstrated increases of MMP-3 and -10 mRNA after exposure to 100 nM latanoprost and further increases after exposure to 200 nM latanoprost. The array results also showed that latanoprost induced dose-dependent increases in the expression of TIMP-1, -2, and -3 mRNA in the scleral cultures.
Answer: PGF(2alpha) and latanoprost acid induce coordinated alterations of MMP gene transcription in scleral organ cultures. These results indicate that PGs can directly trigger MMP gene transcription changes within the sclera. These changes support a role for increased MMPs in the enhancement of uveoscleral outflow that occurs after topical treatment with latanoprost.
[A]: Do prostaglandin FP agonists alter metalloproteinase gene expression in sclera?


[Q]: Context: The necessity for general anesthesia represents an impediment to using a laparoscopic approach for some procedures that are otherwise performed with the patient under local anesthesia using a conventional open technique. Heating and humidifying the insufflation gas reportedly reduces perioperative pain associated with a CO2 pneumoperitoneum, thus enabling awake laparoscopy.', 'Two cases are reported herein of laparoscopy performed with the patient under local anesthesia using heated, humidified CO2 gas for the pneumoperitoneum.', 'Both patients experienced pain with insufflation of heated, humidified CO2 gas of sufficient magnitude that the procedure could not be performed. The CO2 gas was washed out and replaced with helium gas insufflation with complete resolution of pain. The laparoscopic procedures were accomplished without further discomfort with local anesthesia and using a helium gas pneumoperitoneum.
Answer: Heated, humidified CO2 gas insufflation does not reduce pain sufficiently to permit satisfactory performance of laparoscopy with local anesthesia, especially when full volume insufflation is required. Cold, dry helium gas produces no pain. The theory that cold, dry insufflation gas is a source of peritoneal pain during laparoscopy needs to be reassessed.
[A]: Is heated , humidified CO2 gas unsatisfactory for awake laparoscopy?


[Q]: Context: Our purpose was to evaluate fetal fibronectin, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein from patients with preterm labor to establish prognostic subcategories.', 'Thirty-seven patients with preterm labor had cervical fetal fibronectin and plasma C-reactive protein sampled. Eighteen of these patients had amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels measured. Outcome variables were (1) delivery before 34 weeks and (2) delivery within 48 hours.', "Detectable cervical fetal fibronectin identified 89% of patients who were delivered before 34 weeks' gestation. Interleukin-6 > 1500 pg/ml identified 88% of patients who were delivered within 48 hours. C-reactive protein > 1.5 mg/dl correlated with elevated interleukin-6 levels (p < 0.001).
Answer: Three subcategories of idiopathic preterm labor were evident: (1) fetal fibronectin nondetectable (37% likely to be delivered before 34 weeks), (2) fetal fibronectin detectable but interleukin-6 < 1500 pg/ml (79% likely to be delivered before 34 weeks but 85% with > 48 hours' latency), and (3) fetal fibronectin present and interleukin-6 > 1500 pg/ml (91% likely to be delivered with < 48 hours' latency).
[A]:
Are fetal fibronectin , interleukin-6 , and C-reactive protein useful in establishing prognostic subcategories of idiopathic preterm labor?