TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : Martinair Flight 495 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operated by Dutch airline Martinair, that crash-landed in severe weather conditions at Faro Airport, Portugal, on 21 December 1992. The aircraft carried 13 crew members and 327 passengers, mainly holidaymakers from the Netherlands. 54 passengers and 2 crew members died and 106 of the other occupants were badly injured. Context_2 : Air Ivoire was an airline headquartered in the "Immueble EECI" in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. It was the national airline and operated scheduled regional and intercontinental services. Its main base was Port Bouet Airport, Abidjan. The airline ceased operations in 2011. Context_3 : Martinair Flight 138 was a chartered flight from Surabaya, Indonesia to Colombo, Sri Lanka. The aircraft was operated on behalf of Garuda Indonesia. On 4 December 1974, the aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-55CF, crashed into a mountain shortly before landing, killing all 191 people aboard – 182 Indonesian hajj pilgrims bound for Mecca, and 9 crew members. Context_4 : Loftleiðir HF LL 001, a charter flight, crashed on November 15, 1978 on approach just short of the runway at the international airport of Colombo, Sri Lanka. The Douglas DC-8 crash killed 8 of the 13 Icelandic crew members, 5 reserve crew members and 170 (mostly Indonesian) Muslim pilgrims from South Borneo, out of a total of 262 passengers and crew. The official report by Sri Lankan authorities gave the probable cause of the crash as being failure of the crew to conform to approach procedures; however U.S. and Icelandic authorities officially claim faulty equipment at the airport and air traffic control error as the cause of the crash. It is by far the worst crash in Icelandic aviation history and the second worst in Sri Lankan aviation history after Martinair Flight 138 that crashed four years before. Context_5 : Martinair, legally "Martinair Holland N.V.", is a Dutch cargo airline headquartered and based at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and a subsidiary of Air France-KLM. The airline was founded in 1958 by Martin Schröder. Since 2011, Martinair has operated entirely as a cargo airline with scheduled services to 20 destinations worldwide and additional charter flights. Prior to that date, passenger flights were also operated. Context_6 : Garuda Indonesia (PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk ) is the national airline of Indonesia. Named after the holy bird Garuda of Hinduism from the national emblem of Indonesia, the airline is headquartered at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, near Jakarta. As of 11 December 2014, the airline is rated as a 5-star airline by the international airline review firm Skytrax. The air carrier was previously known as Garuda Indonesian Airways. Context_7 : Air Costa was an Indian regional airline headquartered in Vijayawada and based out of Chennai Airport. It was owned by Indian business company LEPL Group. The airline commenced operations as a regional airline in October 2013 using two Embraer E-170 aircraft with the first flight taking off from Chennai on 16 October 2013. The airline got a permit for pan India operations in October 2016. The airline focused on connectivity between tier II and tier III cities in the country and invested as of 2015. Air Costa operated 32 daily flights to nine destinations from its focus cities Chennai and Vijayawada as of 2015. The airline had a maintenance center in Chennai. On 28 February 2017, it suspended operations until further notice. Context_8 : Bahamasair Holdings Limited, is an airline headquartered in Nassau. It is the national airline of the Bahamas and operates scheduled services to 32 domestic and regional destinations in the Caribbean and the United States from its base at Lynden Pindling International Airport. Context_9 : Luxair Flight 9642 was a scheduled international passenger flight flying from Berlin Tempelhof Airport, Germany, to Luxembourg Findel Airport, Luxembourg. The flight carried 19 passengers and 3 crew members. The flight was operated by Luxair, the flag carrier (national airline) of Luxembourg. The plane was a Fokker 50 and registered as LX-LGB. Lufthansa had a codeshare on the flight as LH2420. On 6 November 2002, the flight crashed while on final approach to Luxembourg Findel Airport about 6 nautical miles (11 km) short of the runway while trying to land in fog. 20 out of the 22 passengers and crew perished Context_10 : Maskeliya is a town in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. It is the site of the 1974 crash of Martinair Flight 138, the worst air disaster in Sri Lanka. fact_1 : Martinair Flight 138 was a chartered flight from Surabaya, Indonesia to Colombo, Sri Lanka. fact_2 :  The aircraft was operated on behalf of Garuda Indonesia. fact_3 : Garuda Indonesia (PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk ) is the national airline of Indonesia. fact_4 :  Named after the holy bird Garuda of Hinduism from the national emblem of Indonesia, the airline is headquartered at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, near Jakarta. Question: Martinair Flight 138 was operated on behalf of a national airline headquartered in what city?

SOLUTION: Tangerang

PROBLEM: Context_1 : An orogeny is an event that leads to a large structural deformation of the Earth's lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle) due to the interaction between tectonic plates. An orogen or orogenic belt develops when a continental plate crumples and is pushed upwards to form one or more mountain ranges; this involves many geological processes collectively called orogenesis. Context_2 : The Alpide belt or Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt is a seismic belt and orogenic belt that includes an array of mountain ranges extending along the southern margin of Eurasia, stretching from Java to Sumatra through the Himalayas, the Mediterranean, and out into the Atlantic. It includes the Alps, the Carpathians, the Pyrenees, the mountains of Anatolia and Iran, the Hindu Kush, and the mountains of Southeast Asia. It is the second most seismically active region in the world, after the circum-Pacific belt (the Ring of Fire), with 17% of the world's largest earthquakes. Context_3 : Robert Millner Shackleton FRS (30 December 1909 – 3 May 2001) was a British field geologist who developed an interest in the geology of East Africa. He initiated structural studies across orogenic belts in Tanzania-Zambia-Malawi (in the late 1960s), major studies across the Limpopo Belt and adjacent Archaean greenstone belts of Zimbabwe-Botswana-South Africa (in the 1970s) and projects across the orogenic systems of Egypt, Sudan and Kenya (in the early 1980s). Just prior to his death he was working on a detailed compilation of the Precambrian geology of East Africa. At the age of 75 he led a Royal Society geological traverse across Tibet, in collaboration with the Academica Sinica, Beijing. Context_4 : The Sveconorwegian orogeny was an orogenic system active 1140 to 960 million years ago and currently exposed as the Sveconorwegian orogenic belt in southwestern Sweden and southern Norway. In Norway the orogenic belt is exposed southeast of the front of the Caledonian nappe system and in nappe windows. The Sveconorwegian orogen is commonly grouped within the Grenvillian Mesoproterozoic orogens. Contrary to many other known orogenic belts the Sveconorwegian orogens eastern border does not have any known suture zone with ophiolites. Context_5 : The Aravalli Mountain Range is a northeast-southwest trending orogenic belt that is located in the northwestern part of India and is part of the Indian Shield that was formed from a series of cratonic collisions. The Aravalli Mountains consist of the Aravalli and Delhi fold belts, and are collectively known as the Aravalli-Delhi orogenic belt. The span of the whole mountain range is about 700 km in length. Unlike the much younger Himalayan section nearby, the Aravalli Mountains are much older that can be traced back to the Proterozoic Eon. The collision between the Bundelkhand craton and the Marwar craton is believed to be the primary mechanism for the development of the mountain range. Context_6 : A fold and thrust belt is a series of mountainous foothills adjacent to an orogenic belt, which forms due to contractional tectonics. Fold and thrust belts commonly form in the forelands adjacent to major orogens as deformation propagates outwards. Fold and thrust belts usually comprise both folds and thrust faults, commonly interrelated. Context_7 : The Alps form part of a Cenozoic orogenic belt of mountain chains, called the Alpide belt, that stretches through southern Europe and Asia from the Atlantic all the way to the Himalayas. This belt of mountain chains was formed during the Alpine orogeny. A gap in these mountain chains in central Europe separates the Alps from the Carpathians to the east. Orogeny took place continuously and tectonic subsidence has produced the gaps in between. Context_8 : Geosyncline is a geological concept which was developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries before the concept of plate tectonics was developed. A geosyncline was described as a subsiding linear trough that was caused by the accumulation of sedimentary rock strata deposited in a basin and subsequently compressed, deformed, and uplifted into a mountain range, with attendant volcanism and plutonism. The filling of a geosyncline with sediment is accompanied in the late stages of deposition by folding, crumpling, and faulting of the deposits. Intrusion of crystalline igneous rock and regional uplift along the axis of the trough generally complete the history of a particular geosyncline. It is then transformed into a belt of folded mountains. Thick volcanic sequences, together with greywackes (sandstones rich in rock fragments with a muddy matrix), cherts, and various sediments reflecting deepwater deposition or processes, were considered "eugeosynclinal" deposits of the outer deepwater segment of geosynclines. Context_9 : The Samfrau Geosyncline or Samfrau Orogeny is an orogenic belt that was active in the Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic in Gondwanaland, formed by small terranes and deep accumulations of old sediment dumped off the continent's edge by erosion, acccreting against the Pacific-side coast of Gondwanaland due to subduction. Its name (as "Samfrau Geosyncline") was coined by Alexander du Toit. Parts of it exist now in northern Argentina, South Africa, Antarctica, and part of the east coast region of Australia, as shown in the map at this link. Context_10 : The Hebridean Terrane is one of the terranes that form part of the Caledonian orogenic belt in northwest Scotland. Its boundary with the neighbouring Northern Highland Terrane is formed by the Moine Thrust Belt. The basement is formed by Archaean and Paleoproterozoic gneisses of the Lewisian complex, unconformably overlain by the Neoproterozoic Torridonian sediments, which in turn are unconformably overlain by a sequence of Cambro–Ordovician sediments. It formed part of the Laurentian foreland during the Caledonian continental collision. fact_1 :  Its name (as "Samfrau Geosyncline") was coined by Alexander du Toit. fact_2 : Geosyncline is a geological concept which was developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries before the concept of plate tectonics was developed. Question: Who coined the alternative name regarding a geological concept of the orogenic belt that was active in Gondwanaland?

SOLUTION: Alexander du Toit

PROBLEM: Context_1 : The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a 2012 American coming-of-age drama film. An adaptation of the 1999 epistolary novel of the same name, it was written and directed by the novel's author, Stephen Chbosky. Filmed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the film was released on September 21, 2012, to positive critical response and commercial success, earning $33.4 million to a budget of $13 million. The film stars Logan Lerman, Emma Watson and Ezra Miller. Two or three years after the release of film, Chbosky began to speak more openly concerning the mental health care aspects of the film which were of significance to him in the original writing of the book and the production of the film as he conceived it. This is one of the three films from John Malkovich, Lianne Halfon and Russell Smith's Mr. Mudd Productions that feature struggling teenagers; the other two are "Ghost World" and "Juno". Context_2 : Stephen Chbosky ( ; born January 25, 1970) is an American novelist, screenwriter, and film director best known for writing "The New York Times" bestselling coming-of-age novel "The Perks of Being a Wallflower" (1999), as well as for screenwriting and directing the film version of the same book, starring Logan Lerman, Emma Watson, and Ezra Miller. He also wrote the screenplay for the 2005 film "Rent", and Disney's 2017 live-action adaptation of "Beauty and the Beast" alongside with Evan Spiliotopoulos and was co-creator, executive producer, and writer of the CBS television series "Jericho", which aired from 2006 to 2008. Context_3 : Branko Tomović (Serbian Cyrillic: "Бранко Томовић"; born June 17, 1980) is a German-Serbian actor. He was born in Münster, Germany, though his actual origin is from the Carpathians in Serbia. His parents emigrated in the '70s from the Golubac Fortress area on the Danube and Branko was raised between Germany and Serbia before he studied acting at the prestigious Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute in New York City. Tomović was first seen on the big screen in the lead role in the American Film Institute/Sundance drama "Remote Control", for which he received the OmU-Award at the Potsdam Film Festival. Currently settled in London, with his dark, brooding looks he has appeared in striking roles on British Television. He played the creepy main suspect Antoni Pricha, the Morgue Man, in Jack the Ripper thriller "Whitechapel", the pyromaniac Junky-Henchman Marek Lisowski in the final episodes of "A Touch of Frost" and Polish fighter pilot Miroslaw Feric in the World War II drama "The Untold Battle of Britain". Tomovic has worked with internationally respected film directors as Ken Loach, Sönke Wortmann and Paul Greengrass. He was named "One to Watch" by "Moviescope Magazine" in 2008 and recent film credits include The Bourne Ultimatum opposite Matt Damon (Dir. Paul Greengrass), It's a Free World... (Dir. Ken Loach), "The Wolf Man" (Dir. Joe Johnston), "Pope Joan" (Dir. Sönke Wortmann) and "Interview with a Hitman" (Dir. Perry Bhandal). In 2010, he won the 'Best Actor' Award at the San Francisco Short Film Festival and at The Accolade Film Awards for his performance as a Serbian soldier who is tormented by grief and guilt after being a witness of war crimes in the drama Inbetween. He also stars opposite Debbie Harry in Jimmy Cauty's Road movie Believe the Magic and Steve Stone's ghost thriller Entity with Dervla Kirwan and Charlotte Riley. Entity won two awards at the London Independent Film Festival 2013 and Best Film at the British Horror Film Festival where Branko was also nominated for Best Actor. The British Filmmakers Alliance honoured him as Best International Actor for his role and he was also chosen as a Rising Star by Icon Magazine. He is set to play the title character of Nikola Tesla in the upcoming bio-pic Tesla. In 2014, he played Jack Bauer's right-hand man, the mysterious and dangerous Belcheck, next to Kiefer Sutherland in 24: Live Another Day. He was also seen opposite Brad Pitt and Logan Lerman in David Ayer's WWII drama Fury. Context_4 : Sidney Hall is a 2017 American drama film directed and co-written by Shawn Christensen. The film stars Logan Lerman, Elle Fanning, Kyle Chandler, Michelle Monaghan, Nathan Lane and Margaret Qualley. Context_5 : Noah is a 2014 American epic biblical drama film directed by Darren Aronofsky and inspired by the Biblical story of Noah's Ark from the "Book of Genesis". The film, which was co-written by Aronofsky and Ari Handel, stars Russell Crowe as Noah, along with Jennifer Connelly, Emma Watson, Ray Winstone, Logan Lerman, Douglas Booth, and Anthony Hopkins. The film was released in North American theaters on March 28, 2014, in 2D and IMAX, while a version of the film converted to 3D and IMAX 3D was released in several other countries. Context_6 : Stuck in Love is a 2012 American independent romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Josh Boone in his directorial debut. The film stars Jennifer Connelly, Greg Kinnear, Lily Collins, Nat Wolff and Logan Lerman. It focuses on the complicated relationships between a successful novelist, played by Kinnear, his ex-wife (Connelly), their college daughter (Collins), and teenage son (Wolff). The film began a limited theatrical release in the United States on July 5, 2013. Context_7 : Jack & Bobby is an American drama series that aired on The WB network from September 12, 2004 to May 11, 2005. It starred Christine Lahti, Logan Lerman, Matt Long, Jessica Paré, and John Slattery. The series chronicled the present day teenage years of two brothers, one of whom would become President of the United States from 2041 to 2049. The series was created by Greg Berlanti, Vanessa Taylor, Steven A. Cohen, and Brad Meltzer. Context_8 : Gamer is a 2009 American science fiction action film written and directed by Mark Neveldine and Brian Taylor. The film stars Gerard Butler as a participant in an online game in which participants can control human beings as players, and Logan Lerman as the player who controls him. Alongside Butler and Lerman, it also stars Michael C. Hall, Ludacris, Amber Valletta, Terry Crews, Alison Lohman, John Leguizamo, and Zoë Bell. Context_9 : Logan Wade Lerman (born January 19, 1992) is an American actor, known for playing the title role in the fantasy-adventure "Percy Jackson" films. He appeared in commercials in the mid-1990s, before starring in the series "Jack & Bobby" (2004–2005) and the movies "The Butterfly Effect" (2004) and "Hoot" (2006). Lerman gained further recognition for his roles in the western "", the thriller "The Number 23", the comedy "Meet Bill", and 2009's "Gamer" and "My One and Only". He subsequently played d'Artagnan in 2011's "The Three Musketeers", starred in the coming-of-age dramas "The Perks of Being a Wallflower" (2012), "Indignation" (2016) and "Sidney Hall" (2017), and had major roles in the 2014 films "Noah" and "Fury". Context_10 : Indignation is a 2016 American drama film written, produced, and directed by James Schamus, making his feature directorial debut, and based on Philip Roth's 2008 novel of the same name. The film is set mostly in Ohio, in the early 1950s, and stars Logan Lerman, Sarah Gadon, Tracy Letts, Linda Emond, Danny Burstein, Ben Rosenfield, Pico Alexander, Philip Ettinger, and Noah Robbins. fact_1 :  He subsequently played d'Artagnan in 2011's "The Three Musketeers", starred in the coming-of-age dramas "The Perks of Being a Wallflower" (2012), "Indignation" (2016) and "Sidney Hall" (2017), and had major roles in the 2014 films "Noah" and "Fury". fact_2 :  Filmed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the film was released on September 21, 2012, to positive critical response and commercial success, earning $33.4 million to a budget of $13 million. Question: Which coming-of-age drama film filmed in Pittsburgh did Logan Lerman act in in 2012?

SOLUTION:
Perks of Being a Wallflower