Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Absenteeism from outpatient appointments is common. Telephone appointment-reminder calls reduce outpatient-appointment absenteeism in many clinic settings.', 'To determine if telephone appointment-reminder calls reduce outpatient absenteeism at a hospital-based pulmonary function laboratory.', 'We conducted a retrospective review of our pulmonary function laboratory\'s outpatient appointment records from April to November 2004. Data were collected from consecutive outpatient appointments, including patient age, sex, whether a telephone appointment-reminder call was successfully made, and whether the patient showed up for the scheduled test. We performed 3 analyses. Differences in absenteeism between the groups was the primary outcome measure. First, appointments were separated into 2 groups: (1) appointments for which a reminder call was attempted ("called" group) and (2) appointments for which a reminder call was not attempted ("not-called" group). The appointments were then separated into 2 further groups: (1) the reminder call was successfully achieved ("contacted" group) and (2) the patient either was not called or was called but could not be reached ("not-contacted" group). Finally, the contacted group was separated into 2 further groups: (1) reminder calls that resulted in direct conversation with an appropriate person at the patient\'s listed telephone number, and (2) reminder message left on an answering machine.', 'Data were collected from 515 consecutive outpatient appointments; 45 (8.7%) of these patients did not show up for testing. The absentee rate was 4.7% (n = 10) in the called group and 11.6% (n = 35) in the not-called group (p = 0.0066). In the called group, 6.5% (n = 14) could not be reached. The absentee rate was 4% (n = 8) in the contacted group and 11.7% (n = 37) in the not-contacted group (p = 0.0021). We found no difference in absenteeism between patients who received reminders via direct conversation (4.2%) and those who had a reminder message left on an answering machine (3.7%) (p > 0.05).
Answer: A policy of reminding outpatients of their appointments via telephone reduces absenteeism at a hospital-based pulmonary function laboratory. We found no difference in absenteeism between communicating the reminder via direct conversation versus via leaving a message on an answering machine.
Does the effect of telephone appointment-reminder call on outpatient absenteeism in a pulmonary function laboratory?

Context: The failure of in utero transplantation in immune-competent recipients suggests the existence of a fetal immune barrier. The importance of donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in the induction of prenatal tolerance remains undefined. We hypothesized that donor cell MHC class I expression facilitates engraftment in prenatal allogeneic recipients rather than promoting immune rejection.', 'B6.Ly5.2 (class I(+)) or B6.TAP(-/-) (class I(-)) murine fetal liver cells were transplanted into age-matched allogeneic fetal recipients. Survival to weaning and subsequent growth was assessed. Engraftment rates and peripheral blood chimerism levels were measured serially.', 'The presence or absence of class I expression did not affect survival or growth of recipients and no graft-vs-host disease developed. Allogeneic recipients of B6.Ly5.2 cells exhibited significantly higher levels of donor hematopoietic chimerism when compared to recipients of B6.TAP(-/-) cells (27% + 10% vs 11% + 8%; P = .004) that deteriorated further over time.
Answer: Donor class I MHC antigen expression is essential for stable long-term engraftment and maintenance of donor-specific tolerance. Further studies are needed to better characterize the role of the fetal innate immune system in prenatal allotransplantation.
Does donor major histocompatibility complex class I expression determine the outcome of prenatal transplantation?

Context: To test whether phosphorylated Ser-1292 LRRK2 levels in urine exosomes predicts LRRK2 mutation carriers (LRRK2+) and noncarriers (LRRK2-) with Parkinson disease (PD+) and without Parkinson disease (PD-).', 'LRRK2 protein was purified from urinary exosomes collected from participants in 2 independent cohorts. The first cohort included 14 men (LRRK2+/PD+, n = 7; LRRK2-/PD+, n = 4; LRRK2-/PD-, n = 3). The second cohort included 62 men (LRRK2-/PD-, n = 16; LRRK2+/PD-, n = 16; LRRK2+/PD+, n = 14; LRRK2-/PD+, n = 16). The ratio of Ser(P)-1292 LRRK2 to total LRRK2 was compared between LRRK2+/PD+ and LRRK2- in the first cohort and between LRRK2 G2019S carriers with and without PD in the second cohort.', 'LRRK2+/PD+ had higher ratios of Ser(P)-1292 LRRK2 to total LRRK2 than LRRK2-/PD- (4.8-fold, p < 0.001) and LRRK2-/PD+ (4.6-fold, p < 0.001). Among mutation carriers, those with PD had higher Ser(P)-1292 LRRK2 to total LRRK2 than those without PD (2.2-fold, p < 0.001). Ser(P)-1292 LRRK2 levels predicted symptomatic from asymptomatic carriers with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.844.
Answer: Elevated ratio of phosphorylated Ser-1292 LRRK2 to total LRRK2 in urine exosomes predicted LRRK2 mutation status and PD risk among LRRK2 mutation carriers. Future studies may explore whether interventions that reduce this ratio may also reduce PD risk.

Does urinary LRRK2 phosphorylation predict parkinsonian phenotypes in G2019S LRRK2 carriers?