In this task you are expected to fix an SQL query based on feedback. You will be given an SQL statement and an English description with what is wrong about that SQL statement. You must correct the SQL statement based off of the feedback. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1. 

SQL: SELECT Count ( * ) FROM Ref_Characteristic_Types
Feedback: Need to find summation of colors from reference colors
SELECT count(*) FROM ref_colors

SQL: SELECT DISTINCT LName FROM Student EXCEPT SELECT LName FROM Student WHERE Advisor = 2192
Feedback: Ensure that student have president vote .
SELECT DISTINCT T1.LName FROM STUDENT AS T1 JOIN VOTING_RECORD AS T2 ON T1.StuID  =  PRESIDENT_Vote EXCEPT SELECT DISTINCT LName FROM STUDENT WHERE Advisor  =  "2192"

SQL: SELECT T1.cmi_cross_ref_id FROM CMI_Cross_References AS T1 EXCEPT SELECT T2.cmi_cross_ref_id FROM Rent_Arrears AS T2
Feedback: Replace rent arrears table with parking fines table .

SELECT cmi_cross_ref_id FROM cmi_cross_references EXCEPT SELECT cmi_cross_ref_id FROM parking_fines