In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

[EX Q]: of priorities for economic development” — were the centers of power in many areas of importance. Harry Scheiber, Federalism and the American Economic Order, 1789-1910, Law and Soc’y (Fall 1975) 57, 97. See generally id. at 86-100 (discussing diffusion of power and rnment’s contentions here ... would bid fair to convert congressional authority under the Commerce Clause to a general police power of the sort retained by the States.”); id. at 578, 115 S.Ct. 1624 (“[T]he federal balance is too essential a part qf our constitutional structure and plays too vital a role in securing freedom for us to admit inability to intervene when one or the other level of Government has tipped the scales too far.”); New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144, 112 S.Ct. 2408, 120 L.Ed.2d 120 (1992) (<HOLDING>); id. at 178, 112 S.Ct. 2408 (“No matter how 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that despite 1985 amendments minimum jurisdictional amount remains 50000 (B) holding that the protect act amendments to the standard of review apply retroactively (C) holding that an unconstitutional policy may be inferred from an officials single decision or act (D) holding that an unconstitutional act of congress has no legal effect (E) holding unconstitutional taketitle provision of the lowlevel radioactive waste policy amendments act of 1985
[EX A]: (E)

[EX Q]: For example, courts have allowed individuals judicially to enforce treaties that govern the rights of foreign nationals to inherit property, despite the absence of explicit treaty wording providing for such individual enforcement, most likely because the right-granting wording in those treaties makes sense only if it is read to confer an individually enforceable right. See, e.g., Clark v. Allen, 331 US 503, 507-08, 67 S Ct 1431, 91 L Ed 1633 (1947) (dealing with such a treaty). On the other hand, an individual right of judicial enforcement will not be Inferred from the mere fact that a treaty sets out substantive rules of conduct that, if honored, would benefit individuals. See, e.g., Argentine Republic v. Amerada Hess Shipping, 488 US 428, 442, 109 S Ct 683, 102 L Ed 2d 818 (1989) (<HOLDING>); United States ex rel Lujan v. Gengler, 510 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that united states admiralty jurisdiction extended not only to the high seas but also to american vessels in foreign waters (B) holding that a purchase agreement for a foreign corporations stock is not subject to section 10b even if the closing occurred in the united states (C) holding inter alia that a united states court retains jurisdiction over persons arrested on a foreign ship beyond the us navigable waters when said arrest violates a treaty to which the united states and the foreign country are parties (D) holding that section 4625bc does not create a private right of action for money damages (E) holding that geneva convention on the high seas which provides that illegally boarded merchant ship shall be compensated for any loss or damage that may have been sustained does not create private right of action for foreign corporations to recover compensation in united states courts
[EX A]: (E)

[EX Q]: intermediate appellate court relied on the fact that the incident in Olive Branch, Mississippi, as well as that the incident at the Watkins residence/ occurred on July 20, 2010, rather than July . 21, 2010. Id. However, as indicated above, the victim’s testimony was unclear as to whether the incident at the Watkins residence occurred on July 20 or 21, 2010. Moreover, the testimony of the MPD officers does not exclude July 21, 2010, as the date of the Watki l Appeals do not use’ language as strong as “cure” or “effective substitute” and rather merely consider a prosecutor’s’ closing argument in determining whether the failure to- elect was harmless beyond a reasonable' doubt. See, e.g., State v. Osborne, No. M2005-00893-CCA-R3-CD, 2006 WL 2682773, at *5 (Tenn.Crim.App.-Sept. 7, 2006) (<HOLDING>); State v. Ramey, No. E2003-01840-CCA-R3-CD, 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that any error was harmless when prosecutor stated in closing argument that the state was electing a specific incident the victim had testified to with particularity (B) holding that it was harmless error when the prosecutor focused on a single incident in closing argument (C) holding exclusion was harmless error (D) holding that plainerror exception did not apply where prosecutor asked jury to assume the role of the victim in closing argument (E) holding it was improper for prosecutor to inject personal opinion in statements to the jury in closing argument
[EX A]:
(B)