In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[EX Q]: One conflict in this country saw the Duke of Guise fight for the throne with two other men named Henry. This country signed the Evian Accords in 1962 with Algeria. In the 8th century, this was the site where Charles Martel was victorious at the Battle of Tours. This country was led by (*) Nicolas Sarkozy until the 2012 elections. For 10 points, name this country once led by Charles de Gaulle.
[EX A]: History

[EX Q]: Haldan Keffer Hartline won a Nobel Prize for his research on the electrical responses of this object in horseshoe crabs. This object contains Muller glia, which are mitotically active following damage to it. Coats disease causes the separation of this object and a cherry-red spot is found on it in children with Tay-Sachs disease. Horizontal and amacrine cells modulate communication between its cells, the inner layer of which contains ganglion cells. Composed of neural tissue, this innermost layer of the eye has a depression in its center called the macula. For 10 points, name this location of photoreceptors such as rods and cones.
[EX A]: Science

[EX Q]: In quantum mechanical systems, this can be defined as the negative trace of the density matrix multiplied by the log of the density matrix. For a gas of photons, this quantity is directly proportional to the total number of photons. Pressure can be calculated as temperature times the partial derivative of this quantity with respect to volume. The Sackur-Tetrode equation gives the value of this for an ideal gas, while inverse temperature is equal to the derivative of this with respect to energy. It is generally defined as Boltzmann's constant times the logarithm of the number of microstates. FTP, identify this quantity that always increases according to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.
[EX A]:
Science