TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : Hear the Silence is a 2003 semi-fictional TV drama based on the MMR vaccine controversy, which started when Andrew Wakefield published a paper claiming a possible link between the MMR vaccine and autism. It debuted on December 15, 2003 at 9 PM on the British network Five. The film, produced at a cost of about 1 million pounds, stars Hugh Bonneville as Wakefield and Juliet Stevenson as Christine Shields, a fictional mother who discovers the possible MMR-autism link when her son is diagnosed as autistic. Stevenson's character begins telling doctor after doctor that her son seemed to develop autism soon after he received the MMR vaccine, but she does not receive any sympathy from them, nor does she receive any from her boss, or even her husband. However, this all changes when she meets Dr. Wakefield, who believes her statements about the MMR vaccine causing her son's autism. The film then shows fictional government officials "plotting" Wakefield's "demise", which they intend to bring about by portraying his research as flawed. Although never documented in reality, the film depicts Wakefield being targeted by the government: his phone is tapped and his files are stolen. The film attracted 1.2 million viewers on the first night it screened, considerably fewer than usual for Channel Five's films that debut at 9 PM, which often get more than 2 million viewers. Context_2 : Arthur Krigsman, MD, is a pediatrician and gastroenterologist best known for his controversial and research in which he attempted to prove that the MMR vaccine caused diseases, especially autism. He specializes in the evaluation and treatment of gastrointestinal pathology in children with autism spectrum disorders, and has written in support of what he calls autistic enterocolitis. The original study that tied the MMR vaccine to autism and GI complaints conducted by one of Krigsman's associates has been found to be fraudulent, and the diagnosis of "autistic enterocolitis" has not been accepted by the medical community. Context_3 : Maurice Ralph Hilleman (August 30, 1919 – April 11, 2005) was an American microbiologist who specialized in vaccinology and developed over 40 vaccines, an unparalleled record of productivity. Of the 14 vaccines routinely recommended in current vaccine schedules, he developed eight: those for measles, mumps, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chickenpox, meningitis, pneumonia and "Haemophilus influenzae" bacteria. He also played a role in the discovery of the cold-producing adenoviruses, the hepatitis viruses, and the cancer-causing virus SV40. Context_4 : Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe is a 2016 American film alleging a cover-up by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of a purported link between the MMR vaccine and autism. According to "Variety", the film "purports to investigate the claims of a senior scientist at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who revealed that the CDC had allegedly manipulated and destroyed data on an important study about autism and the MMR vaccine"; critics derided it as an anti-vaccine propaganda film. Context_5 : Kreesten Meldgaard Madsen is a Danish epidemiologist and expert on infectious diseases who, as of 2003, worked at the Danish Epidemiology Science Centre at Aarhus University. He is known for leading two studies that found no link between either the MMR vaccine and autism or thimerosal and autism. The first of these studies pertained to MMR and was published in 2002; the second pertained to thimerosal and was published in 2003. Both of these studies received considerable media attention, but the study regarding thimerosal and autism was criticized by Mark Blaxill of activist group SafeMinds, who said it was irrelevant to the United States because it was conducted in Denmark, where the autism rate is lower. Context_6 : The MMR vaccine (also known as the MPR vaccine after the Latin names of the diseases) is an immunization vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). It is a mixture of live attenuated viruses of the three diseases, administered via injection. It was first developed by Maurice Hilleman while at Merck. Context_7 : The MMR vaccine controversy started with the 1998 publication of a fraudulent research paper in "The Lancet" linking the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine to colitis and autism spectrum disorders. The claims in the paper were widely reported, leading to a sharp drop in vaccination rates in the UK and Ireland and increases in the incidence of measles and mumps, resulting in deaths and severe and permanent injuries. Following the initial claims in 1998, multiple large epidemiological studies were undertaken. Reviews of the evidence by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Institute of Medicine of the US National Academy of Sciences, the UK National Health Service, and the Cochrane Library all found no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. Context_8 : Porter Warren Anderson, Jr. (born January 1, 1937) is an American microbiologist best known for developing a vaccine that protects children from infections by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and epiglottitis. The techniques he and his colleague Ronald Eby invented were later utilized to develop a vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Context_9 : Michelle Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, also known as the omnibus autism proceeding (OAP), was a court case involving the family of Michelle Cedillo, a girl with autism whose parents sued the United States government because they believed that her autism was caused by her receipt of both the measles-mumps-and-rubella vaccine (also known as the MMR vaccine) and thimerosal-containing vaccines. The omnibus proceeding required the petitioners to present three test cases for each proposed mechanism by which vaccines had, according to them, caused their children's autism; Michelle was the first such case for the MMR-and-thimerosal hypothesis. Context_10 : Mumpsvax is a mumps vaccine made of mumps virus. It is a product of Merck & Co., Inc. The vaccine is a component of Merck's three-virus MMR vaccine. fact_1 : The MMR vaccine (also known as the MPR vaccine after the Latin names of the diseases) is an immunization vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). fact_2 : Maurice Ralph Hilleman (August 30, 1919 – April 11, 2005) was an American microbiologist who specialized in vaccinology and developed over 40 vaccines, an unparalleled record of productivity. Question: When was the American microbiologist who developed MMR vaccine born?

SOLUTION: August 30, 1919

PROBLEM: Context_1 : The Shreds are an indie rock band based in Nevada City, California. Their debut CD, "Stranger", was released in June 2009, produced by five-time Academy Award nominated motion picture sound editor, Michael Herbick. The band members are Dylan Rodrigue (vocals & guitar), Blake Severn (vocals & bass) and Griffin Meyer (drums). As winners of the 2008 Sacramento News & Reviews' Jammies competition, The Shreds were selected by Sacramento producer & musician David Houston for a 25-hour recording project. In March 2009 they won the John Lennon Educational Bus Battle for the Bus in Sacramento, winning a full-day recording project using their state-of-the-art mobile audio/video recording studio recording the "A Very Dark Green" music video. They were also nominated in 2009 for a Sacramento News & Reviews Sammies Award (Outstanding Teen Band category). Context_2 : Escape the Fate is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2005 and originally from Pahrump, Nevada. The group consists of Robert Ortiz (drummer), Craig Mabbitt (lead vocalist), TJ Bell (rhythm guitarist, bassist and vocalist), Kevin "Thrasher" Gruft (lead guitarist, bassist, backing vocalist) and touring musician Max Georgiev (bassist). The group was founded by original vocalist Ronnie Radke, bassist Max Green and lead guitarist Monte Money. The band has had 10 official members and 5 touring members and throughout 2010-2013 had a fluctuating lineup, and has recorded 5 album with 4 different studio lineups. Context_3 : The Replacements were an American rock band formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1979. Initially a punk rock band, they are considered pioneers of alternative rock. The band was composed of the guitarist and vocalist Paul Westerberg, guitarist Bob Stinson, bass guitarist Tommy Stinson and drummer Chris Mars for most of its career. Following several acclaimed albums, including "Let It Be" and "Tim", Bob Stinson left the band in 1986, and Slim Dunlap joined as lead guitarist. Steve Foley replaced Mars in 1990. Towards the end of the band's career, Westerberg exerted more control over the creative output. The group disbanded in 1991, with the members eventually pursuing various projects. A reunion was announced on October 3, 2012. The Replacements never had significant commercial success, except for "I'll Be You", which hit number 1 on the "Billboard" Alt Rock chart, but they influenced numerous alternative rock acts. Context_4 : Escape the Fate is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2005 and originally from Pahrump, Nevada. They are signed to Eleven Seven Music. The group consists of Robert Ortiz (drummer), Craig Mabbitt (lead vocalist), TJ Bell (rhythm guitarist and vocalist), Kevin "Thrasher" Gruft (lead guitarist) and touring musician Max Georgiev (bassist). s of 2013 , Ortiz is the last founding member in the current lineup of the group. Context_5 : Panic! at the Disco is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2004 and featuring the current lineup of vocalist Brendon Urie, accompanied on tour by bassist Dallon Weekes, guitarist Kenneth Harris and drummer Dan Pawlovich. Founded by childhood friends Ryan Ross, Spencer Smith, Brent Wilson and Urie, Panic! at the Disco recorded its first demos while its members were in high school. Shortly after, the band recorded and released its debut studio album, "A Fever You Can't Sweat Out" (2005). Popularized by the second single, "I Write Sins Not Tragedies", the album was certified double platinum in the US. In 2006, founding bassist Brent Wilson was fired from the band during an extensive world tour and subsequently replaced by Jon Walker. Context_6 : The Academy Is... was an American rock band from Chicago, Illinois, formed in 2003. Before disbanding, they were signed by the Decaydance imprint of the Fueled by Ramen label. They were originally known as "The Academy", but added the "Is..." in 2004 to avoid legal complications with other established bands already under that name. The band released three studio albums, "Almost Here", "Santi", and "Fast Times at Barrington High", and four EPs. The band announced its break-up on 8 October 2011. In May 2015, lead singer William Beckett announced that the band would reunite at Riot Fest 2015 in Chicago. In addition the core members of the band Beckett, Mike Carden and Adam Siska, as well as Andy Mrotek and Ian Crawford (both of whom had not originally been part of the band), reunited for a farewell tour that took place during December 2015. Context_7 : Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds, lead guitarist Wayne Sermon, bassist and keyboardist Ben McKee, and drummer Daniel Platzman. The band first gained exposure in 2012 with the releases of their debut studio album "Night Visions" and its first single "It's Time". "Billboard" placed them at the top of their "Year In Rock" rankings for 2013, and named them their "Breakthrough Band of 2013". "Rolling Stone" named their single "Radioactive" from "Night Visions" the "biggest rock hit of the year", and MTV called them "the year's biggest breakout band". "Night Visions" peaked at number two on the weekly US "Billboard" 200 chart and the UK Albums Chart. The band's second studio album "Smoke + Mirrors" was released in 2015, and reached number one in the US, Canada and the UK. After touring for their sophomore record, the band took a brief hiatus to focus on their personal lives. During the latter half of 2016, they began recording their third studio album, "Evolve", released in 2017. While all three albums were commercially successful, critical reception was mixed. Context_8 : The Big F was an American rock band that was formed in Los Angeles, California in 1988 by guitarist Mark Christian and former members of Berlin, bassist and vocalist John Crawford and drummer Rob Brill. Context_9 : Ian Miles Crawford (born September 29, 1988) is an American musician and vocalist born in Eugene, Oregon. He is most prominently known being a guitarist and backing vocalist for groups including The Cab, Panic! at the Disco, Never Shout Never, and The Academy Is... In 2016, he founded the rock and roll group The Contestants, which released their debut studio album, "No Contest", in May 2016. Context_10 : Tremonti is an American heavy metal band founded and fronted by lead vocalist and guitarist Mark Tremonti, best known as the guitarist of the American rock band Creed, and the lead guitarist of American rock band Alter Bridge. The band also consists of rhythm guitarist Eric Friedman and drummer Garrett Whitlock. Bassist Wolfgang Van Halen was in the band between 2012 to 2017. What originally started as a Mark Tremonti solo project evolved into a fully fledged band after the release of the group's first album, "All I Was", in July 2012. That album featured Tremonti himself playing guitar in addition to lead vocals, and the band was joined by Tremonti's Creed and Alter Bridge bandmate Brian Marshall playing bass on tour until his departure later that year. He was replaced by Van Halen bassist Wolfgang Van Halen, who contributed to the band's second album, "Cauterize", which was released on June 9, 2015. The band also has another album, entitled "Dust", in April 2016, serving as a continuation to "Cauterize". fact_1 :  He is most prominently known being a guitarist and backing vocalist for groups including The Cab, Panic! fact_2 :  at the Disco, Never Shout Never, and The Academy Is... In 2016, he founded the rock and roll group The Contestants, which released their debut studio album, "No Contest", in May 2016. fact_3 :  at the Disco is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2004 and featuring the current lineup of vocalist Brendon Urie, accompanied on tour by bassist Dallon Weekes, guitarist Kenneth Harris and drummer Dan Pawlovich. Question:  Ian Crawford has been a guitarist for the American rock band from what Nevada city?

SOLUTION: Las Vegas

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Stargate SG-1 (often abbreviated as SG-1) is an adventure and military science fiction television series and part of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's "Stargate" franchise. The show, created by Brad Wright and Jonathan Glassner, is based on the 1994 science fiction film "Stargate" by Dean Devlin and Roland Emmerich. The television series was filmed in and around the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The series premiered on Showtime on July 27, 1997 and moved to the Sci Fi Channel on June 7, 2002; the final episode first aired on Sky1 on March 13, 2007. With 214 episodes over ten seasons, "Stargate SG-1" had surpassed "The X-Files" as the longest-running North American science fiction television series, until it was surpassed by the series "Smallville" in 2011. Context_2 : The Expanse is an American science fiction television series on Syfy, developed by Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby, based on the series of novels by Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck (writing under the pseudonym James S. A. Corey). Set in a future where humanity has colonized the Solar System, it follows United Nations executive Chrisjen Avasarala (Shohreh Aghdashloo), police detective Josephus Miller (Thomas Jane), and ship's officer Jim Holden (Steven Strait) and his crew as they unravel a conspiracy that threatens peace in the system and the survival of humanity. It also deals with the fractious relationship between Earth, Mars and the Outer Planets Alliance (OPA). The OPA is an organization that fights for the interests of inhabitants of the (Asteroid) Belt. Unrecognized as a governing body, the OPA is often accused of outlaw tactics. Context_3 : "Orphan Black" is a Canadian science fiction television series broadcast on Space in Canada and on BBC America in the United States. The series' first season stars Tatiana Maslany, Dylan Bruce, Jordan Gavaris, Kevin Hanchard, Michael Mando, and Maria Doyle Kennedy, with the addition of Évelyne Brochu to the regular cast in the second season, Kristian Bruun and Ari Millen in the third, and Josh Vokey in the fourth. "Orphan Black" revolves around the main character of Sarah Manning as she discovers the existence of several of her genetic identicals. Numerous actors appear in the series as recurring cast members, but some guest actors are featured in only a few. Particularly, Skyler Wexler often recurs as Sarah's daughter Kira. Context_4 : "The Human Operators" is the seventh episode of season five of the revived 1960s American science fiction television series "The Outer Limits". It is based on a science fiction short story by Harlan Ellison and A. E. van Vogt, first published in the January 1971 issue of "The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction". It first aired on 12 March 1999. Context_5 : Kevin Hanchard is a Canadian film, television and stage actor, best known for his roles as Det. Arthur Bell in "Orphan Black" and Inspector Sematimba in "The Expanse". Context_6 : Gallifrey One is an annual North American science fiction convention focusing primarily on the British television series "Doctor Who" and its spin-offs, "Torchwood", "K-9" and "The Sarah Jane Adventures", with an additional emphasis on British and American science fiction television media, held each February in Los Angeles. The event bills itself as "the largest and longest-running annual Doctor Who convention in the world". Sponsored by Gallifrey One Conventions and the Institute for Specialized Literature (ISL) Inc., a California not-for-profit organization, Gallifrey One has been held every year since 1990 in the greater Los Angeles area and has featured guests from a variety of genre television programs including "Babylon 5", "Star Trek", "Alien Nation", "Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda", "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" and "Battlestar Galactica". Context_7 : Cowboys & Aliens is a 2011 American science fiction Western film directed by Jon Favreau and starring Daniel Craig, Harrison Ford, and Olivia Wilde. The film is based on the 2006 graphic novel of the same name created by Scott Mitchell Rosenberg. The plot revolves around an amnesiac outlaw (Craig), a wealthy cattleman (Ford), and a mysterious traveler (Wilde) who must ally to save a group of townspeople abducted by aliens. The screenplay was written by Roberto Orci, Alex Kurtzman, Damon Lindelof, Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby, based on a screen story by the latter two along with Steve Oedekerk. The film was produced by Brian Grazer, Ron Howard, Kurtzman, Orci and Rosenberg, with Steven Spielberg and Favreau serving as executive producers. Context_8 : "Orphan Black" is a Canadian science fiction television series that premiered on March 30, 2013 on Space. The series was created by Graeme Manson and John Fawcett, starring Tatiana Maslany as several clones. The rest of the starring cast includes Dylan Bruce, Jordan Gavaris, Kevin Hanchard, Michael Mando, Maria Doyle Kennedy, Évelyne Brochu, Ari Millen, Kristian Bruun and Josh Vokey. Context_9 : Inspector Gadget is a French-Canadian-American animated comic science fiction television series that revolves around the adventures of a clumsy, dim-witted detective named Inspector Gadget—a human being with various bionic gadgets built into his body. Gadget's nemesis is Dr. Claw, the leader of an evil organization known as "M.A.D." The series launched the "Inspector Gadget" franchise. Context_10 : Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea is a 1960s American science fiction television series based on the 1961 film of the same name. Both were created by Irwin Allen, which enabled the movie's sets, costumes, props, special effects models, and sometimes footage, to be used in the production of the television series. "Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea" was the first of Irwin Allen's four science fiction television series, as well as the longest-running. The show's main theme was underwater adventure. fact_1 : Kevin Hanchard is a Canadian film, television and stage actor, best known for his roles as Det. Arthur Bell in "Orphan Black" and Inspector Sematimba in "The Expanse". fact_2 : The Expanse is an American science fiction television series on Syfy, developed by Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby, based on the series of novels by Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck (writing under the pseudonym James S. A. Corey). Question: Who was the other developer with Hawk Ostby who developed the American science fiction television series in which Kevin Hanchard had his role as Inspector Sematimba?

SOLUTION:
Mark Fergus