instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Union Member Protection Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Labor unions make significant political contributions 
        and expenditures that directly or indirectly influence the 
        election of candidates and support or oppose political causes. 
        Decisions to use union dues for political contributions and 
        expenditures are usually made by union leadership and 
        management, rather than union membership.
            (2) Unions, acting through their management, should be 
        obligated to conduct business in the best interests of their 
        membership.
            (3) Historically, union members have not had a way to know, 
        or to influence, the political activities of unions that are 
        supposed to represent them. Union members and the public have a 
        right to know how unions are spending members' dues to make 
        political contributions or expenditures benefitting candidates, 
        political parties, and political causes.
            (4) Unions should be accountable to their membership in 
        making political contributions or expenditures affecting 
        Federal governance and public policy. Requiring the express 
        approval of a union's membership for political contributions or 
        expenditures will establish necessary accountability.

SEC. 3. DISCLOSURE AND APPROVAL OF CERTAIN POLITICAL EXPENDITURES.

    (a) In General.--Title II of the Labor-Management Reporting and 
Disclosure Act (29 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by inserting after 
section 201 the following:

``SEC. 201A. DISCLOSURE AND APPROVAL OF CERTAIN POLITICAL EXPENDITURES 
              BY LABOR ORGANIZATIONS.

    ``(a) Disclosure.--The report required under section 201 shall 
contain, in a clear and simple format--
            ``(1) a description of the specific nature of any 
        expenditures for political activities proposed to be made by 
        the labor organization for the forthcoming fiscal year, to the 
        extent the specific nature is known to the labor organization 
        and including the total amount of such proposed expenditures; 
        and
            ``(2) a disclosure of how each officer of the labor 
        organization voted to authorize or not to authorize each 
        expenditure for political activities made by the labor 
        organization during the preceding fiscal year.
    ``(b) Restriction on Expenditures.--No labor organization shall 
make any expenditure for political activities in any fiscal year 
unless--
            ``(1) such expenditure is of the nature of those proposed 
        by the labor organization pursuant to subsection (a); and
            ``(2) the full, free, and written authorization for such 
        expenditures has been granted by a majority of the members of 
        the labor organization.
    ``(c) Mechanism for Obtaining Authorization.--Not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of the Union Member Protection Act, every 
labor organization shall adopt a mechanism for obtaining, by secret 
ballot, the authorization of its members as required under subsection 
(b)(2).
    ``(d) Liability.--The officers of a labor organization who 
authorize an expenditure without first obtaining the authorization of 
members required under subsection (b)(2) shall be jointly and severally 
liable in any action brought in any court of competent jurisdiction to 
any member of the labor organization or class of members for the amount 
of dues paid by such member or class of member during the 1 year period 
prior to the date that such expenditure was made.
    ``(e) Definition of Expenditure for Political Activities.--As used 
in this section:
            ``(1) The term `expenditure for political activities' 
        means--
                    ``(A) an independent expenditure, as such term is 
                defined in section 301(17) of the Federal Election 
                Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(17));
                    ``(B) contributions to any political party, 
                committee, or electioneering communication, as such 
                term is defined in section 304(f)(3)(A) of the Federal 
                Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(f)(3)(A)); 
                and
                    ``(C) dues or other payments to trade associations 
                or other tax exempt organizations that are, or could 
                reasonably be anticipated to be, used for the purposes 
                described in subparagraph (A).
            ``(2) Such term shall not include--
                    ``(A) direct lobbying efforts through registered 
                lobbyists employed or hired by the labor organization;
                    ``(B) communications by a labor organization to its 
                members and executive or administrative personnel and 
                their families; or
                    ``(C) the establishment, administration, and 
                solicitation of contributions to a separate segregated 
                fund to be utilized for political purposes by a labor 
                organization.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 201(c) of such Act (29 U.S.C. 431(c)) is 
        amended by striking ``make available the information required 
        to be contained in'' and inserting ``provide''.
            (2) Section 209(a) of such Act (29 U.S.C. 439(a)) is 
        amended by inserting ``other than section 201A'' after ``this 
        title''.

SEC. 4. REQUIREMENT OF VOTE BY PRINCIPAL OFFICERS.

    Section 201 of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act 
(29 U.S.C. 431) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) The bylaws required under this section shall expressly 
provide for a vote of the principal officers of the labor organization 
on any individual expenditure for political activities (as such term is 
defined in section 201A(e)) in excess of $50,000. A labor organization 
shall make publicly available the individual votes of principal 
officers required by the preceding sentence within 48 hours of the 
vote, including in a clear and conspicuous location on the Internet 
website of the labor organization.''.

SEC. 5. REPORT.

    The Comptroller General of the United States shall annually conduct 
a study on the compliance with the requirements of this Act by labor 
organizations and their management. Not later than April 1 of each 
year, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report of such 
study.

SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    The amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the date of 
enactment of the Shareholder Protection Act of 2010.
answer:
Union Member Protection Act - Amends the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (Landrum-Griffin Act) to require a labor organization's mandatory report to the Secretary of Labor on its constitution, officers, and basic organization to include, in a clear and simple format, both: (1) a description of the specific nature and total amount of political expenditures the labor organization proposes to make for the upcoming fiscal year; and (2) a disclosure of how each labor organization officer voted on each political expenditure made by the organization during the preceding fiscal year.

Prohibits a labor organization from making political expenditures unless: (1) they are of the nature of those proposed in such report; and (2) they have received a full, free, and written authorization by secret ballot by a majority of the labor organization members.

Makes officers jointly and severally liable for authorizing a political expenditure without first obtaining the authorization of labor organization members.

Requires labor organization bylaws to provide expressly for a vote of the organization's principal officers on individual political expenditures in excess of $50,000. Requires a labor organization to make public the individual votes of such officers within 48 hours, including in a clear and conspicuous location on its website.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Federal Activities Inventory Reform 
Act of 1998''.
SEC. 2. ANNUAL LISTS OF GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES NOT INHERENTLY 
GOVERNMENTAL IN NATURE.
    (a) Lists Required.--Not later than the end of the third quarter of 
each fiscal year, the head of each executive agency shall submit to the 
Director of the Office of Management and Budget a list of activities 
performed by Federal Government sources for the executive agency that, 
in the judgment of the head of the executive agency, are not inherently 
governmental functions. The entry for an activity on the list shall 
include the following:
        (1) The fiscal year for which the activity first appeared on a 
    list prepared under this section.
        (2) The number of full-time employees (or its equivalent) that 
    are necessary for the performance of the activity by a Federal 
    Government source.
        (3) The name of a Federal Government employee responsible for 
    the activity from whom additional information about the activity 
    may be obtained.
    (b) OMB Review and Consultation.--The Director of the Office of 
Management and Budget shall review the executive agency's list for a 
fiscal year and consult with the head of the executive agency regarding 
the content of the final list for that fiscal year.
    (c) Public Availability of Lists.--
        (1) Publication.--Upon the completion of the review and 
    consultation regarding a list of an executive agency--
            (A) the head of the executive agency shall promptly 
        transmit a copy of the list to Congress and make the list 
        available to the public; and
            (B) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget 
        shall promptly publish in the Federal Register a notice that 
        the list is available to the public.
        (2) Changes.--If the list changes after the publication of the 
    notice as a result of the resolution of a challenge under section 
    3, the head of the executive agency shall promptly--
            (A) make each such change available to the public and 
        transmit a copy of the change to Congress; and
            (B) publish in the Federal Register a notice that the 
        change is available to the public.
    (d) Competition Required.--Within a reasonable time after the date 
on which a notice of the public availability of a list is published 
under subsection (c), the head of the executive agency concerned shall 
review the activities on the list. Each time that the head of the 
executive agency considers contracting with a private sector source for 
the performance of such an activity, the head of the executive agency 
shall use a competitive process to select the source (except as may 
otherwise be provided in a law other than this Act, an Executive order, 
regulations, or any executive branch circular setting forth 
requirements or guidance that is issued by competent executive 
authority). The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall 
issue guidance for the administration of this subsection.
    (e) Realistic and Fair Cost Comparisons.--For the purpose of 
determining whether to contract with a source in the private sector for 
the performance of an executive agency activity on the list on the 
basis of a comparison of the costs of procuring services from such a 
source with the costs of performing that activity by the executive 
agency, the head of the executive agency shall ensure that all costs 
(including the costs of quality assurance, technical monitoring of the 
performance of such function, liability insurance, employee retirement 
and disability benefits, and all other overhead costs) are considered 
and that the costs considered are realistic and fair.

SEC. 3. CHALLENGES TO THE LIST.

    (a) Challenge Authorized.--An interested party may submit to an 
executive agency a challenge of an omission of a particular activity 
from, or an inclusion of a particular activity on, a list for which a 
notice of public availability has been published under section 2.
    (b) Interested Party Defined.--For the purposes of this section, 
the term ``interested party'', with respect to an activity referred to 
in subsection (a), means the following:
        (1) A private sector source that--
            (A) is an actual or prospective offeror for any contract, 
        or other form of agreement, to perform the activity; and
            (B) has a direct economic interest in performing the 
        activity that would be adversely affected by a determination 
        not to procure the performance of the activity from a private 
        sector source.
        (2) A representative of any business or professional 
    association that includes within its membership private sector 
    sources referred to in paragraph (1).
        (3) An officer or employee of an organization within an 
    executive agency that is an actual or prospective offeror to 
    perform the activity.
        (4) The head of any labor organization referred to in section 
    7103(a)(4) of title 5, United States Code, that includes within its 
    membership officers or employees of an organization referred to in 
    paragraph (3).
    (c) Time for Submission.--A challenge to a list shall be submitted 
to the executive agency concerned within 30 days after the publication 
of the notice of the public availability of the list under section 2.
    (d) Initial Decision.--Within 28 days after an executive agency 
receives a challenge, an official designated by the head of the 
executive agency shall--
        (1) decide the challenge; and
        (2) transmit to the party submitting the challenge a written 
    notification of the decision together with a discussion of the 
    rationale for the decision and an explanation of the party's right 
    to appeal under subsection (e).
    (e) Appeal.--
        (1) Authorization of appeal.--An interested party may appeal an 
    adverse decision of the official to the head of the executive 
    agency within 10 days after receiving a notification of the 
    decision under subsection (d).
        (2) Decision on appeal.--Within 10 days after the head of an 
    executive agency receives an appeal of a decision under paragraph 
    (1), the head of the executive agency shall decide the appeal and 
    transmit to the party submitting the appeal a written notification 
    of the decision together with a discussion of the rationale for the 
    decision.

SEC. 4. APPLICABILITY.

    (a) Executive Agencies Covered.--Except as provided in subsection 
(b), this Act applies to the following executive agencies:
        (1) Executive department.--An executive department named in 
    section 101 of title 5, United States Code.
        (2) Military department.--A military department named in 
    section 102 of title 5, United States Code.
        (3) Independent establishment.--An independent establishment, 
    as defined in section 104 of title 5, United States Code.
    (b) Exceptions.--This Act does not apply to or with respect to the 
following:
        (1) General accounting office.--The General Accounting Office.
        (2) Government corporation.--A Government corporation or a 
    Government controlled corporation, as those terms are defined in 
    section 103 of title 5, United States Code.
        (3) Nonappropriated funds instrumentality.--A part of a 
    department or agency if all of the employees of that part of the 
    department or agency are employees referred to in section 2105(c) 
    of title 5, United States Code.
        (4) Certain depot-level maintenance and repair.--Depot-level 
    maintenance and repair of the Department of Defense (as defined in 
    section 2460 of title 10, United States Code).

SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
        (1) Federal government source.--The term ``Federal Government 
    source'', with respect to performance of an activity, means any 
    organization within an executive agency that uses Federal 
    Government employees to perform the activity.
        (2) Inherently governmental function.--
            (A) Definition.--The term ``inherently governmental 
        function'' means a function that is so intimately related to 
        the public interest as to require performance by Federal 
        Government employees.
            (B) Functions included.--The term includes activities that 
        require either the exercise of discretion in applying Federal 
        Government authority or the making of value judgments in making 
        decisions for the Federal Government, including judgments 
        relating to monetary transactions and entitlements. An 
        inherently governmental function involves, among other things, 
        the interpretation and execution of the laws of the United 
        States so as--
                (i) to bind the United States to take or not to take 
            some action by contract, policy, regulation, authorization, 
            order, or otherwise;
                (ii) to determine, protect, and advance United States 
            economic, political, territorial, property, or other 
            interests by military or diplomatic action, civil or 
            criminal judicial proceedings, contract management, or 
            otherwise;
                (iii) to significantly affect the life, liberty, or 
            property of private persons;
                (iv) to commission, appoint, direct, or control 
            officers or employees of the United States; or
                (v) to exert ultimate control over the acquisition, 
            use, or disposition of the property, real or personal, 
            tangible or intangible, of the United States, including the 
            collection, control, or disbursement of appropriated and 
            other Federal funds.
            (C) Functions excluded.--The term does not normally 
        include--
                (i) gathering information for or providing advice, 
            opinions, recommendations, or ideas to Federal Government 
            officials; or
                (ii) any function that is primarily ministerial and 
            internal in nature (such as building security, mail 
            operations, operation of cafeterias, housekeeping, 
            facilities operations and maintenance, warehouse 
            operations, motor vehicle fleet management operations, or 
            other routine electrical or mechanical services).

SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    This Act shall take effect on October 1, 1998.

                               Speaker of the House of Representatives.

                            Vice President of the United States and    
                                               President of the Senate.
answer:
Federal Activities Inventory Reform Act of 1998 - Directs the head of each executive agency to submit to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, not later than the end of the third quarter of each fiscal year, a list of activities performed by Federal Government sources for the agency that, in the judgment of the head of the executive agency, are not inherently governmental functions. 
Requires:  (1) the Director to review the agency's list and consult with the agency head regarding the contents of the final list for the fiscal year; (2) the agency head to transmit a copy of the list to the Congress and make the list publicly available; (3) the Director to publish in the Federal Register a notice that the list is publicly available; and (4) the agency head to publish a notice regarding, make available to the public, and transmit to the Congress, any subsequent change to the list. 
Requires the agency head to:  (1) review the activities on the list within a reasonable time after such a notice of its availability is published; and (2) use a competitive process (with specified exceptions) and ensure that all costs are considered each time that he or she considers contracting with a private sector source for the performance of an activity on the list. 
(Sec. 3) Permits an interested party to submit to an agency a challenge of an omission of a particular activity from, or an inclusion of a particular activity on, a list for which a notice has been published.  Sets forth procedures governing filing challenges, agency decisions on challenges, appealing such decisions, and agency decisions on such appeals. 
(Sec. 4) Provides that this Act shall not apply to or with respect to:  (1) the General Accounting Office; (2) Government corporations and Government controlled corporations; (3) a part of a department or agency if all of the employees of that part are employees paid from nonappropriated funds of certain instrumentalities of the United States under the jurisdiction of the armed forces; and (4) depot-level maintenance and repair of the Department of Defense.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Turkey Christian Churches 
Accountability Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) United States diplomatic leadership contributes 
        meaningfully and materially to the protection internationally 
        of religious minorities and their faith-based practices and 
        places of worship.
            (2) The International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 states 
        that ``It shall be the policy of the United States to condemn 
        violations of religious freedom, and to promote, and to assist 
        other governments in the promotion of, the fundamental right to 
        freedom of religion.''.
            (3) The House of Representatives, when it adopted House 
        Resolution 306 on December 13, 2011, called on the Secretary of 
        State, in all official contacts with Turkish leaders, to urge 
        Turkey to ``allow the rightful church and lay owners of 
        Christian church properties, without hindrance or restriction, 
        to organize and administer prayer services, religious 
        education, clerical training, appointments, and succession'', 
        and to ``return to their rightful owners all Christian churches 
        and other places of worship, monasteries, schools, hospitals, 
        monuments, relics, holy sites, and other religious properties, 
        including movable properties, such as artwork, manuscripts, 
        vestments, vessels, and other artifacts''.
            (4) On September 28, 2010, the House of Representatives 
        adopted House Resolution 1631, calling for the protection of 
        religious sites and artifacts, as well as for general respect 
        for religious freedom in Turkish-occupied areas of northern 
        Cyprus.
            (5) Christian churches and communities in the Republic of 
        Turkey and in the occupied areas of Cyprus continue to be 
        prevented from fully practicing their faith and face serious 
        obstacles to reestablishing full legal, administrative, and 
        operational control over stolen, expropriated, confiscated, or 
        otherwise unreturned churches and other religious properties 
        and sites.
            (6) In many cases the rightful Christian church 
        authorities, including relevant Holy Sees located outside 
        Turkey and Turkish-occupied territories, are obstructed from 
        safeguarding, repairing, or otherwise caring for their holy 
        sites upon their ancient homelands, because the properties have 
        been destroyed, expropriated, converted into mosques, storage 
        facilities, or museums, or subjected to deliberate neglect.
            (7) While the Turkish Government has made efforts in recent 
        years to address these issues and to return some church 
        properties, much more must be done to rectify the situation of 
        Christian communities in these areas, as a vast majority of 
        Christian holy sites continue to be held by the Turkish 
        Government or by third parties.
            (8) On April 24, 2013, Catholicos Karekin II and Catholicos 
        Aram I, spiritual leaders of the millions of Christian Armenian 
        faithful in Armenia and the Diaspora, noted that Turkey 
        continued to unjustly ``[retain] confiscated church estates and 
        properties, and religious and cultural treasures of the 
        Armenian people'', and called on Turkey ``[t]o immediately 
        return the Armenian churches, monasteries, church properties, 
        and spiritual and cultural treasures, to the Armenian people as 
        their rightful owner''.
            (9) The boundaries of Turkey encompass significant historic 
        Christian lands, including the biblical lands of Armenia 
        (present-day Anatolia), home to many of early Christianity's 
        pivotal events and holy sites, such as Mount Ararat, the 
        location cited in the Bible as the landing place of Noah's Ark.
            (10) These ancient territories were for thousands of years 
        home to a large, indigenous Christian population, but, because 
        of years of repressive Turkish Government policies, historic 
        atrocities, and brutal persecution, today Christians constitute 
        less than one percent of Turkey's population.
            (11) As a result of the Turkish Government's invasion of 
        the northern area of the Republic of Cyprus on July 20, 1974, 
        and the Turkish military's continued illegal and discriminatory 
        occupation of portions of this sovereign state, the future and 
        very existence of Greek Cypriot, Maronite, and Armenian 
        communities are now in grave jeopardy.
            (12) Under the Turkish occupation of northern Cyprus, 
        freedom of worship has been severely restricted, access to 
        religious sites blocked, religious sites systematically 
        destroyed, and a large number of religious and archaeological 
        objects illegally confiscated or stolen.
            (13) The United States Commission on International 
        Religious Freedom, in its 2012 annual report, criticized ``the 
        Turkish government's systematic and egregious limitations on 
        the freedom of religion'', and warned that ``[l]ongstanding 
        policies continue to threaten the survivability and viability 
        of minority religious communities in Turkey''.
            (14) Christian minorities in Turkey continue to face 
        discrimination, prohibitions on the training and succession of 
        clergy, and violent attacks, which have at times resulted in 
        lenient sentencing, including the reduced sentence for the 
        murderer of the Catholic Church's head bishop in Turkey, Luigi 
        Padovese, in June 2010, or delayed justice, including the 
        unresolved torture and murder, in April 2007, of three 
        employees of a Protestant Bible publishing house in Malatya, 
        Turkey.
            (15) The Government of Turkey, in contravention of its 
        international legal obligations, refuses to recognize the 
        2,000-year-old Sacred See of the Ecumenical Patriarchate's 
        international status, has confiscated the large majority of the 
        assets and properties of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, Greek 
        cultural and educational foundations, maintains that candidates 
        for the position of Ecumenical Patriarch must be Turkish 
        citizens, and continues to refuse to reopen the Theological 
        School at Halki, thus impeding training and succession for the 
        Greek Orthodox clergy in Turkey.
            (16) The Government of Turkey, in contravention of its 
        international legal obligations, continues to place substantial 
        restrictions and other limitations upon the Armenian 
        Patriarchate's right to train and educate clergy and select and 
        install successors without government interference.
            (17) Religious freedom is an essential cornerstone of 
        democracy that promotes respect for individual liberty, which 
        contributes to greater stability, and is therefore a priority 
        value for the United States to promote in its engagement with 
        other countries.

SEC. 3. REPORT REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act and annually thereafter until 2021, the Secretary 
of State shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate 
a report on the status and return of stolen, confiscated, or otherwise 
unreturned Christian churches, places of worship, and other properties 
in or from the Republic of Turkey and in the areas of northern Cyprus 
occupied by the Turkish military that shall contain the following:
            (1) A comprehensive listing of all the Christian churches, 
        places of worship, and other properties, such as monasteries, 
        schools, hospitals, monuments, relics, holy sites, and other 
        religious properties, including movable properties, such as 
        artwork, manuscripts, vestments, vessels, and other artifacts, 
        in or from Turkey and in the territories of the Republic of 
        Cyprus under military occupation by Turkey that are claimed as 
        stolen, confiscated, or otherwise wrongfully removed from the 
        ownership of their rightful Christian church owners.
            (2) Description of all engagement over the previous year on 
        this issue by officials of the Department of State with 
        representatives of the Republic of Turkey regarding the return 
        to their rightful owners of all Christian churches, places of 
        worship, and other properties, such as monasteries, schools, 
        hospitals, monuments, relics, holy sites, and other religious 
        properties, including movable properties, such as artwork, 
        manuscripts, vestments, vessels, and other artifacts, both 
        those located within Turkey's borders and those under control 
        of Turkish military forces in the occupied northern areas of 
        Cyprus.
    (b) Inclusion in Annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 
and International Religious Freedom Report.--The information required 
under subsection (a) shall be summarized in the annual Country Reports 
on Human Rights Practices and International Religious Freedom Reports.
answer:

Turkey Christian Churches Accountability Act - Directs the Secretary of State to report annually to Congress until 2021 on the status and return of stolen, confiscated, or otherwise unreturned Christian churches, places of worship, and other properties in or from the Republic of Turkey and in the areas of northern Cyprus occupied by the Turkish military. Requires such report to: (1) list all the Christian churches, places of worship, and other religious properties, including movable properties such as artwork and other artifacts, in or from Turkey and in the territories of the Republic of Cyprus under military occupation by Turkey that are claimed as stolen, confiscated, or otherwise wrongfully removed from their Christian church owners; and (2) describe all engagement over the previous year on this issue by Department of State officials with representatives of the Republic of Turkey.   Requires that a summary of such information be included in the annual Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and the International Religious Freedom Reports.