In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Ex Input:
Context: To describe a novel form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) and map its genetic locus.', 'PCH is a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by abnormally small cerebellum and brainstem. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been implied in many cases, but no genetic loci have been mapped to date.', 'The authors studied a consanguineous family from the Sultanate of Oman with three siblings with a novel form of PCH. The authors performed clinical studies and linkage analysis of this pedigree.', 'The clinical features of the affected children include developmental delay, progressive microcephaly with brachycephaly, seizures during the first year of life, hypotonia with hyperreflexia, short stature, and optic atrophy. Imaging studies showed a small pons and cerebellum, prominent sulci and lateral ventricles, and decreased cerebral white matter volume. A lack of dyskinesias distinguishes this pedigree from PCH type 2. Genetic studies of this family revealed evidence of significant linkage to chromosome 7q11-21 (maximum multipoint lod score 3.23).\Question: Does a novel form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia map to chromosome 7q11-21?

Ex Output:
This pedigree represents a novel form of autosomal recessive PCH, which the authors propose to call cerebellar atrophy with progressive microcephaly (CLAM). This disorder maps to chromosome 7q11-21, and this locus was named CLAM. This report represents the first identification of a genetic locus for PCH.


Ex Input:
Context: Observational studies suggest that dietary isoflavones reduce breast cancer risk, and this may be caused in part by effects on endogenous hormone concentrations. Because intestinal bacteria metabolize isoflavones, it was hypothesized that consumption of probiotic bacteria would enhance the biologic effects of isoflavones, including effects on endogenous hormones.', 'Twenty (20) postmenopausal breast cancer survivors and 20 healthy postmenopausal women completed four 42-day diet periods in a randomized, crossover design. They received one of the following: isolated soy protein; isolated milk protein; soy + probiotic capsules; or milk + probiotic capsules. Each protein supplement provided 0.38 g protein/(kg body weight/day) (26.6 +/- 4.5 g protein/day) and soy protein provided 0.64 mg isoflavones/(kg body weight/day) (44.4 +/- 7.5 mg isoflavones/day). Probiotic capsules provided 10(9) colony-forming units Lactobacillus acidophilus (strain DDS-1), Bifidobacterium longum, and 15-20 mg fructo-oligosaccharide.', 'Plasma samples were collected at baseline and after each diet for analysis of estrogens, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), androgens, and sex hormone?binding globulin (SHBG).', 'Hormone levels were not affected by soy, probiotic supplements, or equol producer status, and neither cancer status nor equol producer status altered the effects of soy or probiotics. Furthermore probiotics did not alter the effects of soy consumption. Soy protein tended to decrease SHBG compared to milk protein diets (p = 0.05), although both proteins significantly decreased SHBG relative to baseline (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.03).\Question: Does short-term soy and probiotic supplementation markedly affect concentrations of reproductive hormones in postmenopausal women with and without histories of breast cancer?

Ex Output:
These data suggest that short-term, moderate consumption of isoflavone-containing soy protein and consumption of these particular probiotic capsules do not significantly alter reproductive hormone concentrations in breast cancer survivors or controls, regardless of equol producer status.


Ex Input:
Context: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a novel class of non-coding RNAs that take part in occurrence and development of diabetes complication via regulating gene expression. However, litter is known about lncRNAs in the setting of diabetes induced nephropathy. The aim of this study was to examine whether lncRNA-myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) is involved in diabetes induced renal tubules injury.', 'Adult Wister rats were randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal STZ (65\xa0mg/kg) to induce diabetes. Rats treated with equal volume of citrate buffer were as control. Renal function was evaluated by analysis of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) every four weeks after STZ administration. Also tubules of all rats were collected for determination of MIAT and Nrf2 level at the corresponding phase. The in\xa0vitro high glucose-triggered human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) was used to explore the mechanism underling MIAT regulated high glucose-induced tubular damage.', 'In diabetic rats, MIAT showed the lower level and its expression is negatively correlated with serum creatinine and BUN. Consistent with diabetic rat, exposed to high glucose, HK-2 cells expressed lower level of MIAT and Nrf2, and also showed reduction in cell viability. By pcDNA-MIAT plasmid transfection, we observed that MIAT overexpression reversed inhibitory action of Nrf2 expression by high glucose. Moreover, the data of RNA pull-down and RIP showed that MIAT controlled Nrf2 cellular through enhancing Nrf2 stability, which was confirmed by CHX and MG132 administration. Inhibitory effect of cell viability by silencing MIAT was also reversed by Nrf2 overexpression.\Question: Does long non-coding MIAT mediate high glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial injury?

Ex Output:

In summary, our data suggested that MIAT/Nrf2 served as an important signaling pathway for high glucose induced renal tubular epithelial injury.