TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
PROBLEM: Convulsions associated with fever and acute onset of unknown aetiology with case fatalities have become a long observed medical condition at the Child Health Department of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Children admitted to the department with seizures of undetermined origin and fever has been a source of diagnostic confusion. Studies from the Asia Pacific region suggest a link with non-polio enteroviruses. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between non-polio enterovirus and acute encephalopathy causing neurological morbidity in children.', 'One hundred and fifty cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), throat swab and serum samples were collected from participants at the Child Health Department of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital for virus isolation and characterization. Samples were cultured on cells and positive culture assayed by microneutralisation. Direct PCR as well as multiplex PCR were used to detect other viral agents present.', 'Enterovirus isolation rate was approximately 0.67%. Intratypic differentiation by molecular characterization identified a poliovirus from vaccine origin. Further screening by real-time RT-PCR identified the virus as normal Sabin and not vaccine-derive poliovirus. No arbovirus was however detected.

SOLUTION: 0

PROBLEM: A large body of research suggests that light or moderate alcohol consumption is associated with reduced all-cause mortality. However, concerns remain that the observed relationship is due to selection bias, misclassification of ex-drinkers, or residual confounding.', 'The association between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality was analyzed using Cox regression. The analysis was performed using data from the Health and Retirement Study, a longitudinal cohort of 24,029 individuals from a nationally representative sample of US adults aged more than 50 years. Drinking level was based on alcohol consumption measured at 3 points over the 4 years before the start of follow-up. Occasional drinkers-those who reported drinking on at least 1 occasion, but always less than once per week-served as the reference category. There was extensive adjustment for sociodemographic variables, health status, and functional status.', 'During 206,966 person-years of follow up, 7902 individuals died. No level of regular alcohol consumption was associated with reduced all-cause mortality. The hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval in fully adjusted analyses was 1.02 (0.94-1.11) for <7 drinks/week, 1.14 (1.02-1.28) for 7 to <14 drinks/week, 1.13 (0.96-1.35) for 14 to <21 drinks/week, and 1.45 (1.16-1.81) for ≥ 21 drinks/week.

SOLUTION: 0

PROBLEM: To examine the mortality risk of blood transfusions when donor information, postdonation treatment, and a wide selection of risk factors are taken into account.', 'A retrospective study was performed on 9907 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and/or aortic valve replacement. Several transfusion-related risk factors, including age of blood products, sex of donor, ABO group, Rh group, posttransfusion treatment, and sex matching, were included in the analysis. A wide selection of preoperative comorbidities were included as well. A Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to determine significant risk factors. Patients were followed for a period of up to 12\xa0years posttransfusion.', 'We found an excess mortality for transfusions of sex-mismatched red blood cells (RBCs) per unit transfused (hazard ratio [HR], 1.083; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.028-1.140; P\xa0=\xa0.003). In addition, we found a significant risk during the first year for transfusing 1 to 2 units of non-leukocyte-depleted RBCs (HR, 1.426; 95% CI, 1.004-2.024; P\xa0=\xa0.047). Transfusion of 1 to 2 units of leukocyte-depleted RBCs was not associated with increased risk (HR, 0.981; 95% CI, 0.866-1.110; P\xa0=\xa0not significant). The age of blood products was not associated with increased mortality.

SOLUTION:
1