Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Construction of electrochemical impedance sensors by the self-assembly technique has become a promising strategy for the 'label-free' detection of protein-ligand interactions. However, previous impedance sensors are devoid of an inherent electrochemical signal, which limits the standardization of the sensors for protein recognition in a reproducible manner.", "We designed and synthesized an anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) where the anthraquinone (AQ) moiety can bind to the surface of a graphene-based working electrode while the glycoside serving as a ligand for lectin. By measuring the inherent voltammetric signal of AQ, the glycosides decorated on the working electrode could be simply quantified to obtain electrodes with a unified signal window. Subsequently, impedance analysis showed that the 'standardized' electrodes gave a reproducible electrochemical response to a selective lectin with no signal variation in the presence of unselective proteins.
Does anthraquinonyl glycoside facilitate the standardization of graphene electrodes for the impedance detection of lectins?

A fundamental prerequisite for using degradable synthetic biopolymers as composite skin substitutes is the ability to establish vascular tissue. PEGT/PBT block-copolymer matrices have previously been shown as a favorable dermal substitute. In this study, quantitative data on neovascularization of PEGT/PBT block-copolymer matrices are presented.', 'PEGT/PBT-block-copolymer discs of three different pore diameters (1: < 75 microm, 2: 75-212 microm, 3: 250-300 microm) were implanted into dorsal skinfold chambers of balb/c mice. Histological sections were evaluated 7, 14, and 21 days post implantation by light and scanning electron microscopy. Blood vessel analysis was performed by means of digital image analysis (n = 288) of hematoxylin/eosin stained sections within apical (AOF) and basal (BOF) observation fields of the matrices.', 'Twenty-one days after implantation the density of blood vessels within the BOF of the scaffolds with a pore size of 75-212 and 250-300 microm were 4.6 +/- 0.45 and 5.8 +/- 0.62 (mean +/- S.E.M.; blood vessel profiles (BVF)), respectively. In <75 microm scaffolds, smaller numbers of BVF were found (4.2 +/- 0.39). In contrast, the evaluation within the AOF revealed significantly higher numbers of BVF in 75-212 microm group (3.5 +/- 0.49) and 250-300 microm group (4.5 +/- 0.66) as compared to the < 75 microm group (2.3 +/- 0.48).
Does analysis of neovascularization of PEGT/PBT-copolymer dermis substitute in balb/c-mice?

Historically, fever, pneumonia, and sepsis after trauma are ascribed to pain and poor pulmonary toilet. No evidence supports that assertion however, and no known biologic mechanisms link injury to infection. Our studies show that injured tissues release mitochondria (MT). Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs) however can mimic bacterial pathogen-associated danger molecules and attract neutrophils (PMN). We hypothesized that mtDAMPs from traumatized tissue divert neutrophils from the lung, causing susceptibility to infection.', 'Anesthetized rats (6-10 per group) underwent pulmonary contusion (PC) by chest percussion. When modeling traumatic MT release, some rats had MT isolated from the liver (equal to 5% liver necrosis) injected intraperitoneally (IPMT). Negative controls had PC plus buffer intraperitoneally. Positive controls underwent PC plus cecal ligation and puncture. At 16 hours, bronchoalveolar and peritoneal lavages were performed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peritoneal lavage fluid were assayed for PMN count, albumin, interleukin β, (IL-β), and CINC-1. Assays were normalized to blood urea nitrogen to calculate absolute concentrations.', 'PC caused alveolar IL-1β and CINC production and a 34-fold increase in BALF neutrophils. As expected, IPMT increased peritoneal IL-1β and CINC and attracted PMN to the abdomen. However, remarkably, IPMT after PC attenuated BALF cytokine accumulation and decreased BALF PMN. Cecal ligation and puncture had no direct effect on BALF PMNs but, like IPMT, blunted BALF leukocytosis after PC.

Do mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns released by abdominal trauma suppress pulmonary immune responses?