Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: To evaluate whether genotypes of interleukin (IL)-6 gene promoter positions -174 and -572 are associated with histologic chorioamnionitis and neonatal inflammatory disease in preterm infants.', 'DNA from very low birth weight or very preterm infants (n = 107) was genotyped for IL-6-174 and -572 polymorphisms (GG/GC/CC). The placentas were analyzed for histological inflammatory findings. Data on neonatal inflammatory diseases, including chronic lung disease (CLD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and septicemia, were collected using the definitions of the Vermont Oxford Network database.', 'In univariate analyses, the IL-6-174 GG genotype was associated with a higher incidence of histologic chorioamnionitis. In multivariate analyses, the -174 GG and -572 GC genotypes were correlated with histologic chorioamnionitis (P = .039 and .009, respectively). Gestational age was not associated with genotype polymorphisms. IL-6-174 genotypes were not associated with CLD and/or NEC, but the CC genotype was correlated with septicemia in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P = .027). IL-6-572 genotypes were not associated with neonatal inflammatory disease.

A: 1
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Q: Previous research in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT) showed abnormal lymphatic endothelial differentiation characteristics, including increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expression, and aberrant smooth muscle cells (SMCs) surrounding enlarged jugular lymphatic sacs (JLS). We hypothesized that abnormal Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression would result in altered VEGF-A signaling in the lymphatic endothelial cells of the JLS and that aberrant acquisition of SMCs could be caused by downregulation of forkhead transcription factor FOXC2 and upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B in the lymphatic endothelial cells of the JLS.', 'Five trisomy 21 fetuses and four controls were investigated using immunohistochemistry for Shh, VEGF-A, FOXC2 and PDGF-B expression in the lymphatic endothelial cells of the JLS.', 'An increased Shh, VEGF-A and PDGF-B expression, and decreased FOXC2 expression were shown in the lymphatic endothelial cells of the JLS of the trisomic fetuses.

A: 1
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Q: Venous grafts are commonly used to treat drug-resistant coronary artery disease, although long-term functionality is limited because of proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMC). As proliferating SMC are particularly susceptible for the stimulating effects of cytomegalovirus (CMV), we hypothesized that CMV infection may enhance cell proliferation and graft failure. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of FK778 to prevent intimal hyperplasia. Apart from its antiviral properties, FK778 is a new immunosuppressive agent which may also affect SMC proliferation, making it an interesting drug to prevent (CMV-enhanced) venous graft intimal hyperplasia.', 'Epigastric vein-to-common femoral artery interposition grafts were placed in four groups of 10 rats each. Rats received either FK778 (oral treatment, 15 mg/kg), were infected with CMV (1.25 x 10(6) plaque-forming units) or were both treated and infected.', 'CMV infection resulted in a significant increase in intimal and medial cross-sectional area and medial wall thickness of the vein grafts. This effect was diminished by administration of FK778. Moreover, FK778 treatment alone resulted in a significant decrease in neointimal area and percentage of stenosis versus the control group.

A:
0
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