instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful condition with approximately 50,000 annual new cases in the United States. It is a major cause of work-related disability, chronic pain after limb fractures, and persistent pain after extremity surgery. Additionally, CRPS patients often experience cognitive changes, anxiety, and depression. The supraspinal mechanisms linked to these CRPS-related comorbidities remain poorly understood.', 'The authors used a previously characterized mouse model of tibia fracture/cast immobilization showing the principal stigmata of CRPS (n = 8 to 20 per group) observed in humans. The central hypothesis was that fracture/cast mice manifest changes in measures of thigmotaxis (indicative of anxiety) and working memory reflected in neuroplastic changes in amygdala, perirhinal cortex, and hippocampus.', 'The authors demonstrate that nociceptive sensitization in these mice is accompanied by altered thigmotactic behaviors in the zero maze but not open field assay, and working memory dysfunction in novel object recognition and social memory but not in novel location recognition. Furthermore, the authors found evidence of structural changes and synaptic plasticity including changes in dendritic architecture and decreased levels of synaptophysin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in specific brain regions.
answer:
Do brain neuroplastic changes accompany anxiety and memory deficits in a model of complex regional pain syndrome?


question:
To determine microRNA (miRNA) expression in human blastocysts relative to advanced maternal age and chromosome constitution.', "Cryopreserved human blastocysts were warmed and underwent a trophectoderm biopsy for comprehensive chromosomal screening. Select blastocysts were then lysed, reverse transcribed, and pre-amplified prior to running real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using an internal constant housekeeping miRNA. Significant microRNA's of interest were then analyzed for their predicted genes and biological pathways. Additional cryopreserved blastocysts were warmed and stained for the SIRT1 protein for validation.", 'Human blastocysts exhibit unique miRNA expression profiles in relation to maternal age and chromosome constitution. miR-93 was exclusively expressed in blastocysts from women in their forties and further up-regulated with an abnormal chromosome complement. Up-regulated miR-93 resulted in an inverse down-regulation of targets like SIRT1, resulting in reduced oxidative defense.
answer:
Do human blastocysts exhibit unique microrna profiles in relation to maternal age and chromosome constitution?


question:
The objective was to compare implants in the posterior maxilla with or without sinus floor augmentation.', 'A retrospective study was conducted of patients who received implants in the posterior maxilla. All patients received solitary, implant-retained fixed partial dentures or crowns. A standardized form for implant treatment was used to document the follow-up examination. The different parameters were initially analyzed descriptively by frequency distribution, measure of central tendency, and statistical spread. A 95% level of significance was set for all tests.', 'A total of 76 patients with 141 dental implants in the posterior region of the maxilla were evaluated. Fifty-one patients with 71 implants received prior no augmentation (sinus floor elevation) and composed the control group. Twenty-five patients with 70 implants received an additional bone transfer prior to implant placement. The mean age of the patients at time of the follow-up examination was 49.7 years in the overall group, 52.6 years for men and 46.7 years for women. The implants inserted in an augmented area had similar implant stability and implant loss results after a mean functional observation period of 1.6 years (range, 0.5 to 4.7 years) compared to those inserted without augmentation. Augmented implants exhibited less peri-implant bone resorption.
answer:

Do comparative clinical results after implant placement in the posterior maxilla with and without sinus augmentation?