In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Sunshine in Academic Admissions 
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Citizens and taxpayers have a right to know whether 
        federally funded institutions of higher education are treating 
        student applications differently depending on the student's 
        race, color, or national origin, and, if so, the way in which 
        these factors are weighted and the consequences to students and 
        prospective students of these decisions.
            (2) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 codified this 
        right, forbidding in statute discrimination on the basis of 
        race, color, or national origin by federally funded 
        institutions, which includes nearly all colleges and 
        universities.
            (3) This prohibition has largely been ignored by the 
        Supreme Court, which has allowed racially discriminatory 
        admissions.
            (4) However, in Fisher v. University of Texas, the United 
        States Supreme Court in 2013 affirmed that strict scrutiny 
        should be applied to university admissions programs to ensure 
        diversity is not defined as ``mere racial balancing,'' but has 
        a compelling state interest to achieve diversity. The Fisher 
        case clarified that any such discrimination is only permitted 
        if it is necessary to achieve the educational benefits of a 
        racially diverse student body.
            (5) Therefore, colleges and universities must reevaluate 
        their use of racially selective admissions policies. The costs 
        of such policies cannot outweigh the supposed benefits. If a 
        less discriminatory means could achieve similar results, the 
        discrimination is not permissible.
            (6) In order to ensure that these limitations are followed, 
        colleges and federally funded institutions of higher education 
        must make public through annual reports their use of race, 
        color, and national origin, for admissions decisions so that 
        Federal and State enforcement agencies and interested persons 
        can monitor the schools.
            (7) Additionally, college and universities must provide 
        evidence sufficient to demonstrate that any such discrimination 
        does not exceed the limits imposed by the Fisher case.
            (8) Academic ``mismatch'' refers to a significant 
        discrepancy in academic qualifications between various groups 
        within a student body, and is encouraged when universities 
        lower their academic standards to artificially achieve a 
        particular composition.
            (9) Mismatch works a harm because it sets particular 
        students up for lower than average achievement, higher dropout 
        rates, less competitive majors and, perhaps most damaging, a 
        disproportionately large student loan burden.

SEC. 3. REPORT ON CONSIDERATION OF RACE, COLOR, OR NATIONAL ORIGIN IN 
              STUDENT ADMISSIONS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, each institution of 
higher education participating in programs under title IV of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 shall submit to the Secretary of Education a 
report in accordance with this section.
    (b) Contents of Report.--
            (1) Disclosure of consideration of race, color, or national 
        origin in student admissions.--The report shall include a 
        statement indicating whether race, color, or national origin is 
        given weight in the student admissions process of the 
        institution or any department of the institution.
            (2) Additional disclosures.--If the disclosure under 
        paragraph (1) states that race, color, or national origin is 
        given weight in the student admissions process of an 
        institution or department, then the report shall include the 
        following information with respect to the institution or 
        department:
                    (A) The racial, color, and national origin groups 
                for which membership is considered a plus factor or a 
                minus factor and, in addition, how membership in a 
                group is determined for individual students.
                    (B) A description of how group membership is 
                considered, including the weight given to such 
                consideration and whether targets, goals, or quotas are 
                used.
                    (C) A statement explaining why group membership is 
                given weight, including the determination of the 
                desired level claimed and, with respect to the 
                diversity rationale, its relationship to the particular 
                educational mission of the institution or department.
                    (D) A description of the consideration that has 
                been given to racially neutral or less discriminatory 
                alternatives as a means for achieving the same goals 
                for which group membership is considered.
                    (E) A description of how frequently the need to 
                give weight to group membership is reassessed and how 
                that reassessment is conducted.
                    (F) An identification of the factors other than 
                race, color, or national origin that are collected in 
                the admissions process. If the factors described in the 
                preceding sentence include grades or class rank in high 
                school, scores on standardized tests (including the ACT 
                and SAT), legacy status, sex, State residency, economic 
                status, or other quantifiable criteria, then all raw 
                admissions data for applicants regarding these factors, 
                along with each individual applicant's race, color, and 
                national origin and the admissions decision made by the 
                school regarding that applicant, shall accompany the 
                report in computer-readable form, with the name of the 
                individual student redacted but with appropriate links, 
                so that it is possible for the Secretary of Education 
                or other interested persons to determine through 
                statistical analysis the weight being given to race, 
                color, and national origin, relative to other factors.
                    (G) An analysis, and also the underlying data 
                needed to perform an analysis, of whether there is a 
                correlation--
                            (i) between membership in a group favored 
                        on account of race, color, or national origin 
                        and the likelihood of enrollment in a 
                        remediation program, relative to membership in 
                        other groups;
                            (ii) between such membership and graduation 
                        rates, relative to membership in other groups; 
                        and
                            (iii) between such membership and the 
                        likelihood of defaulting on education loans, 
                        relative to membership in other groups.
    (c) Public Availability.--The institution shall make the report 
publicly available.

SEC. 4. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed to allow or permit 
preference or discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national 
origin.

SEC. 5. DEFINITION.

    In this Act, the term ``institution of higher education'' has the 
meaning given the term in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002), except that the term does not include an 
institution of higher education outside the United States.

Answer: Sunshine in Academic Admissions Act This bill requires each institution of higher education that participates in a program under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 to submit an annual report to the Department of Education that states whether the institution gives weight to race, color, or national origin in the admissions process and, if yes, provides certain additional disclosures.  The institution must make the report publicly available. 


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Mandatory Foreclosure Mediation 
Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act, the following definitions shall apply:
            (1) Alternative to foreclosure.--The term ``alternative to 
        foreclosure''--
                    (A) means a course of action with respect to a 
                mortgage offered by a servicer to a borrower as an 
                alternative to a covered foreclosure action; and
                    (B) includes a short sale and a deed in lieu of 
                foreclosure.
            (2) Borrower.--The term ``borrower'' means a mortgagor 
        under a mortgage who is in default or at risk of imminent 
        default, as determined by the Secretary through regulations.
            (3) Foreclosure action.--The term ``foreclosure action'' 
        means a judicial or nonjudicial foreclosure.
            (4) Loan modification program.--The term ``loan 
        modification program'' means a program or procedure designed to 
        change the terms of a mortgage in the case of the default, 
        delinquency, or imminent default or delinquency of a mortgagor, 
        including a loan modification program established by a servicer 
        that reduces the principal owed by the mortgagor on the 
        mortgage.
            (5) Mortgage.--The term ``mortgage'' means a federally 
        related mortgage loan, as defined in section 3(1) of the Real 
        Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 (12 U.S.C. 2602(1)), 
        that is secured by a first or subordinate lien on residential 
        real property.
            (6) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Housing and Urban Development.
            (7) Servicer.--The term ``servicer''--
                    (A) has the same meaning as in section 6(i) of the 
                Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974 (12 
                U.S.C. 2605(i)); and
                    (B) includes a person responsible for servicing a 
                pool of mortgages.

SEC. 3. MEDIATION REQUIRED BEFORE FORECLOSURE.

    (a) Initiation of Foreclosure Actions.--A servicer may not initiate 
a foreclosure action against a borrower unless the servicer has--
            (1) made a reasonable effort to initiate mediation 
        proceedings in accordance with the process established in 
        regulations prescribed pursuant to subsection (c) to determine 
        whether the borrower is eligible for a loan modification or an 
        alternative to foreclosure; and
            (2) offered the borrower a loan modification or an 
        alternative to foreclosure, if the borrower is eligible for the 
        loan modification or alternative to foreclosure.
    (b) Suspension of Foreclosure Actions.--
            (1) In general.--A servicer shall suspend a foreclosure 
        action that was initiated before the date of enactment of this 
        Act until the servicer--
                    (A) completes a mediation proceeding in accordance 
                with the process established in regulations prescribed 
                pursuant to subsection (c) to determine whether the 
                borrower is eligible for a loan modification or an 
                alternative to foreclosure; and
                    (B) offers the borrower a loan modification or an 
                alternative to foreclosure, if the borrower is eligible 
                for a loan modification or an alternative to 
                foreclosure.
            (2) Suspension.--During the period of the suspension under 
        paragraph (1), a servicer may not--
                    (A) send a notice of foreclosure to a borrower;
                    (B) conduct or schedule a sale of the real property 
                securing the mortgage of the borrower; or
                    (C) cause final judgment to be entered against the 
                borrower.
            (3) Reasonable efforts.--A servicer is not required to 
        suspend a foreclosure action under paragraph (1) if the 
        servicer--
                    (A) makes a reasonable effort to schedule a 
                mediation proceeding to determine whether the borrower 
                is eligible for a loan modification or an alternative 
                to foreclosure; and
                    (B) documents that the borrower has not agreed to a 
                mediation proceeding to determine whether the borrower 
                is eligible for a loan modification or an alternative 
                to foreclosure.
            (4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
        construed to require a servicer to delay an unavoidable 
        foreclosure, such as foreclosure that results from a borrower 
        abandoning the residential real property securing a mortgage.
    (c) Establishment of Mediation Process.--The Secretary shall 
establish through regulations a mediation process to determine whether 
the borrower is eligible for a loan modification or an alternative to 
foreclosure under this section.

SEC. 4. BAR TO FORECLOSURE ACTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), a violation of this Act 
shall be a bar to a foreclosure action.
    (b) Effect of Subsequent Compliance.--If a servicer is in 
compliance with this Act, the servicer may bring or proceed with a 
foreclosure action, without regard to a prior violation of this Act by 
the servicer.

SEC. 5. REGULATIONS.

    Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary shall issue regulations to carry out this Act.

SEC. 6. REPORT.

    Each servicer that initiates mediation proceedings under section 3 
shall submit to the Secretary a quarterly report at such time, in such 
manner, and containing such information, with respect to such 
proceedings, as the Secretary may require.

Answer: Mandatory Foreclosure Mediation Act - Prohibits a servicer from initiating a foreclosure action against a borrower unless the servicer has: (1) made a reasonable effort to initiate mediation proceedings to determine if the borrower is eligible for a loan modification or an alternative to foreclosure; and (2) offered the borrower, if eligible, such a modification or alternative.

Requires a servicer to suspend a foreclosure action initiated before the enactment of this Act until the servicer: (1) completes such a mediation proceeding; and (2) offers the borrower, if eligible, a modification or alternative.

Prohibits a servicer, during the suspension period, from: (1) sending the borrower a notice of foreclosure, (2) conducting or scheduling a sale of the real property securing the mortgage, or (3) causing final judgment to be entered against the borrower.

Directs the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to establish such a mediation process.

Declares that a servicer is not required to suspend a foreclosure action if the servicer makes a reasonable effort to schedule a mediation proceeding and documents that the borrower has not agreed to one.

Makes a violation of this Act a bar to a foreclosure action. Allows a servicer in compliance with this Act, however, to bring or proceed with a foreclosure action, regardless of any prior violation.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Fair and Clear Campaign Transparency 
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) On May 9, 2013, President Barack Obama issued an 
        Executive order that made open and machine-readable data the 
        new default for Government information.
            (2) Open data principles are essential for transparency and 
        efficiency in government.
            (3) In 2012, the Federal Communications Commission required 
        television stations to place on the Internet website of the 
        Commission certain materials in the files such stations are 
        required to maintain and make available for public inspection, 
        including important information about the purchasing of 
        political advertisements.
            (4) The Commission declined to require such materials to be 
        machine-readable, deciding at the time that it was more 
        important to get the information online faster.
            (5) Machine readability is a critical component of open 
        government and provides interested parties with the necessary 
        access to evaluate data in a more comprehensive way.

SEC. 3. MATERIAL IN ONLINE PUBLIC INSPECTION FILE REQUIRED TO BE IN 
              MACHINE-READABLE FORMAT.

    (a) Regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Commission shall promulgate regulations that 
require a covered entity, to the extent such entity is required to make 
material in the public inspection file of such entity available on, or 
upload such material to, an Internet website, to make such material 
available or upload such material in a format that is machine-readable.
    (b) Applicability.--The regulations promulgated under subsection 
(a) shall apply--
            (1) to a covered entity for which an online public 
        inspection file requirement is in effect on the date of the 
        promulgation of such regulations--
                    (A) with respect to the political file portion of 
                the public inspection file, beginning not later than 
                the date that is 60 days after the date of such 
                promulgation; and
                    (B) with respect to the other portions of the 
                public inspection file, at the same time as such 
                regulations apply under subparagraph (A) with respect 
                to the political file portion of the public inspection 
                file or as soon thereafter as the Commission considers 
                practicable; and
            (2) to a covered entity for which an online public 
        inspection file requirement becomes effective after the date of 
        the promulgation of such regulations--
                    (A) with respect to the political file portion of 
                the public inspection file, beginning on the later of--
                            (i) the date of applicability of such 
                        regulations under paragraph (1)(A); or
                            (ii) the date on which the online public 
                        inspection file requirement becomes effective 
                        for such entity; and
                    (B) with respect to the other portions of the 
                public inspection file, at the same time as such 
                regulations apply under subparagraph (A) with respect 
                to the political file portion of the public inspection 
                file or as soon thereafter as the Commission considers 
                practicable.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the Federal 
        Communications Commission.
            (2) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means a 
        television broadcast station, AM or FM radio broadcast station, 
        cable operator, direct broadcast satellite service provider, or 
        satellite digital audio radio service provider.
            (3) Machine-readable.--The term ``machine-readable'' means, 
        with respect to the format of material in a public inspection 
        file, that such format supports the automated searching for 
        particular text within and among documents, the bulk 
        downloading of data contained in such material, the 
        aggregation, manipulation, sorting, and analysis of the data 
        contained in such material, and such other functionality as the 
        Commission considers appropriate.
            (4) Online public inspection file requirement.--The term 
        ``online public inspection file requirement'' means a 
        requirement for a covered entity to make material in the public 
        inspection file of such entity available on, or upload such 
        material to, an Internet website.
            (5) Political file.--The term ``political file'' means, 
        with respect to a covered entity, the file that such entity is 
        required to maintain and make available for public inspection 
        under section 315(e) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 
        U.S.C. 315(e)) or under any similar requirement applicable to 
        such entity that is administered by the Commission.
            (6) Public inspection file.--The term ``public inspection 
        file'', with respect to a covered entity--
                    (A) means the file or files that such entity is 
                required to maintain and make available for public 
                inspection under section 25.701, 73.3526, 73.3527, or 
                76.1700 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations (or 
                any successor regulation), as applicable to such 
                entity, or under any similar requirement applicable to 
                such entity that is administered by the Commission; and
                    (B) includes any political file that such entity is 
                required to maintain and make available for public 
                inspection.

Answer:
Fair and Clear Campaign Transparency Act This bill directs the Federal Communications Commission to require online public inspection files that must be uploaded to the Internet by television broadcast stations, AM or FM radio broadcast stations, cable operators, direct broadcast satellite service providers, or satellite digital audio radio service providers to be made available to the public in a machine-readable format that supports automated searching, bulk downloading, aggregation, manipulation, and sorting. Public inspection files include political files that contain records of requests to purchase broadcast time by or on behalf of candidates for public office or to communicate a message relating to a political matter of national importance.