TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: Earthworms uniquely use the molecule lombricine to react with this molecule. This molecule activates P2X3 and P2X2/3, two receptors that control pain responses, and in conjunction with luciferin this molecule is responsible for the light of fireflies. In the muscular tissue of chordates, this compound donates a group to creatine. In proteins, this molecule, first synthesized by Alexander Todd, is almost always bound by a magnesium cofactor, and large quantities of this molecule are produced via oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain. For 10 points, name this molecule discovered by Karl Lohmann,, the energy currency of the cell.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: This composer's Second String Quartet depicts four men who "converse, discuss, argue...fight, shake hands, shut up  then walk up the mountainside to view the firmament!" One of this composer's song texts posits a "place in the soul all made of tunes," a phrase which titles J. Peter Burkholder's authoritative study on this composer's use of musical borrowing. This composer theorized a dichotomy between musical "substance" and "manner" in the Epilogue to his Essays Before a Sonata. The dissonances of one movement by this composer were supposedly inspired by the sound of two different (*) marching bands playing simultaneously, and he wrote a piano piece that features optional flute and viola parts. That piece contains a "human faith" melody that is thematically related to quotations of the "Fate" motif from Beethoven's Fifth. For 10 points, name this composer who depicted figures like Emerson and Thoreau in his Concord Sonata.

SOLUTION: Fine Arts

PROBLEM: NGC 206 is the brightest area in this object, whose largest globular cluster is known as Mayal II or Globular One. Ernst Hartwig observed the only supernova originating from here in 1885, and it appears to have a double nucleus and at least 14 satellites, including M110 and M32. Originally called the "little cloud" by al Sufi, it is found in its namesake constellation, which is itself near the Pegasus constellation. Edwin Hubble used Cepheid variables to show definitively that it was not part of the Milky Way. For 10 points, name this astronomical object, number 31 in Messier's catalogue, the nearest large spiral galaxy to the Milky Way.

SOLUTION:
Science