In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``National Forest Foundation 
Conservation Act''.

SEC. 2. AMENDMENTS TO NATIONAL FOREST FOUNDATION ACT.

    (a) Provision of Administrative Support.--Subsection (c) of section 
405 of the National Forest Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-3) is amended 
to read as follows:
    ``(c) Administrative Assistance.--(1) Subject to such limitations, 
terms, and conditions as the Secretary may establish, the Secretary 
may--
            ``(A) detail personnel of the Department of Agriculture to 
        assist the Foundation; and
            ``(B) provide the Foundation with Department of Agriculture 
        facilities, equipment, supplies, and other administrative 
        services (including Government-contracted transportation and 
        travel services).
    ``(2) Assistance under paragraph (1) may be provided for partial or 
no reimbursement, as the Secretary considers appropriate.''.
    (b) Matching Funds.--
            (1) Extension and expansion of authority; source of 
        funds.--Section 410 of the National Forest Foundation Act (16 
        U.S.C. 583j-8) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 410. AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS TO MATCH FOUNDATION CONTRIBUTIONS.

    ``For the purposes of section 405 of this title, during the five-
year period beginning on October 1, 1997, the Secretary may make 
available to the Foundation from benefiting Forest Service 
appropriations up to $5,000,000 each fiscal year to match, on a one-
for-one basis, private contributions made to the Foundation.''.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--Section 405 of the National 
        Forest Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-3) is amended--
                    (A) by striking subsection (a);
                    (B) in subsection (b)--
                            (i) by striking ``In addition to the 
                        startup funds provided under subsection (a) of 
                        this section, for'' and inserting ``For'';
                            (ii) by striking ``October 1, 1992,'' and 
                        inserting ``October 1, 1997,''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``section 410(b)'' and 
                        inserting ``section 410''; and
                    (C) by redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as 
                subsections (a) and (b), respectively.
            (3) Effect of amendments.--The amendments made by this 
        subsection shall not affect the availability or use of funds 
        made available for fiscal year 1997 under sections 405(b) and 
        410(b) of the National Forest Foundation Act, as in effect on 
        the day before the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (c) Use of Interest and Other Investment Income.--Section 404 of 
the National Forest Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-2) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(f) Use of Interest and Other Investment Income.--Interest and 
other investment income earned (before, on, or after the date of the 
enactment of this subsection) by the Foundation and its subgrantees on 
Federal funds received from the Secretary under section 405, but not 
immediately disbursed, may be used by the Foundation to carry out the 
purposes of the Foundation under section 402(b).''.
    (d) Exception From Audit Reporting and Compliance Requirements.--
Section 407(a) of the National Forest Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-
5(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: ``A 
subgrantee of the Foundation shall be exempt from the audit reporting 
and compliance requirements of Office of Management and Budget Circular 
A-133 (or any successor administrative regulation or policy) in the 
case of grants of $250,000 or less.''.
    (e) Licensing Use of Symbols; Violations.--Section 404 of the 
National Forest Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-2) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (d)(3), by inserting ``license,'' after 
        ``lease,''; and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (f), as added by 
        subsection (c) of this section, the following new subsections:
    ``(g) Licensing Use of Symbols.--(1) To further the purposes of the 
Foundation under section 402(b), the Foundation shall have exclusive 
authority to license or authorize persons to use trademarks, 
tradenames, signs, symbols, emblems, insignia, logos, likenesses, or 
slogans to represent, promote, or advertise that an individual, 
company, or particular good or service is an official sponsor or 
supporter of the Forest Service, the National Forest System, or any 
unit thereof. Any license or authorization provided by the Foundation 
under this paragraph shall be subject to the prior written approval of 
the Secretary, who may not delegate this authority.
    ``(2) All net income derived from licenses and authorizations 
provided under paragraph (1) shall be expended by the Foundation in 
accordance with policies and priorities of the Forest Service on 
programs, projects, or activities that benefit the National Forest 
System or the Forest Service, as identified by the Secretary in 
consultation with the Foundation.
    ``(3) Nothing in this subsection shall affect the authority of the 
Secretary under Public Law 93-318 (16 U.S.C. 580p et seq.) relating to 
the name and character of `Smokey Bear', and the name and character of 
`Woodsy Owl'.
    ``(4) The authority provided to the Foundation by paragraph (1) 
shall expire on September 30, 2003.
    ``(h) Violation of Licensing Requirements.--Except as provided in 
subsection (g), no person may use for commercial purposes any 
trademark, tradename, sign, symbol, emblem, insignia, slogan, or 
related artistic design belonging to the Forest Service. Whoever, 
without the authorization of the Foundation under subsection (g), uses 
for purposes of trade, to induce the sale of any good or service, to 
promote any commercial activity, or for other commercial purpose, the 
name of the Foundation or any trademark, tradename, sign, symbol, 
emblem, insignia, logo, likeness, or slogan referred to in subsection 
(g), or any facsimile or simulation thereof tending to cause confusion, 
to cause mistake, to deceive, or to suggest falsely that an individual, 
company, or particular good or service is an official sponsor or 
official supporter of the National Forest System or the Forest Service, 
shall be subject to suit in a civil action by the Foundation for the 
remedies provided in title VI of the Act of July 5, 1946 (commonly 
referred to as the Trademark Act of 1946; 15 U.S.C. 1114 et seq.).''.
    (f) Reporting Requirements.--Section 407 of the National Forest 
Foundation Act (16 U.S.C. 583j-5) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new subsection:
    ``(c) Report on Licensing Activities.--Not later than 5 years after 
the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a 
report assessing the cost, effectiveness, and effects of the licensing 
and authorization program established pursuant to section 404(g). The 
report shall include a recommendation regarding the desirability of 
extending the authority provided in such section beyond the expiration 
date specified in paragraph (4) of such section and assessments of the 
effect of such program on--
            ``(1) visitation levels in the National Forest System;
            ``(2) the image of the National Forest System;
            ``(3) achievement of the needs and priorities of the Forest 
        Service;
            ``(4) appropriations for the National Forest System; and
            ``(5) the costs of the Foundation and the Secretary to 
        administer the program.''.

Answer: National Forest Foundation Conservation Act - Amends the National Forest Foundation Act to extend matching fund authority for the National Forest Foundation. 
Authorizes the Foundation to license the use of symbols, trademarks, or logos.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; AMENDMENT OF 1986 CODE.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Tobacco Smuggling 
Eradication Act of 2002''.

          TITLE I--AMENDMENTS TO INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986

SEC. 101. AMENDMENT OF 1986 CODE.

    Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in this title an 
amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal 
of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to 
be made to a section or other provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986.

SEC. 102. IMPROVED MARKING AND LABELING.

    (a) In General.--Subsection (b) of section 5723 (relating to marks, 
labels, and notices) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``, if any,'' and
            (2) by adding at the end the following: ``Such marks, 
        labels, and notices shall include marks and notices relating to 
        the following:
            ``(1) Identification.--The Secretary shall promulgate 
        regulations that require each manufacturer or importer of 
        tobacco products to legibly print a unique serial number on all 
        packages of tobacco products manufactured or imported for sale 
        or distribution. Such serial number shall be designed to enable 
        the Secretary to identify the manufacturer or importer of the 
        product, and the location and date of manufacture or 
        importation. The Secretary shall determine the size and 
        location of the serial number.
            ``(2) Marking requirements for exports.--Each package of a 
        tobacco product that is exported shall be marked for export 
        from the United States. The Secretary shall promulgate 
        regulations to determine the size and location of the mark and 
        under what circumstances a waiver of this paragraph shall be 
        granted.''.
    (b) Sales on Indian Reservations.--Section 5723 is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsections:
    ``(f) Sales on Indian Reservations.--The Secretary, in consultation 
with the Secretary of the Interior, shall promulgate regulations that 
require that each package of a tobacco product that is sold on an 
Indian reservation (as defined in section 403(9) of the Indian Child 
Protection and Family Violence Prevention Act (25 U.S.C. 3202(9)) be 
labeled as such. Such regulations shall include requirements for the 
size and location of the label.
    ``(g) Definition of Package.--For purposes of this section, the 
term `package' means the innermost sealed container irrespective of the 
material from which such container is made, in which a tobacco product 
is placed by the manufacturer and in which such tobacco product is 
offered for sale to a member of the general public.''.

SEC. 103. WHOLESALERS REQUIRED TO HAVE PERMIT.

    Section 5712 (relating to application for permit) is amended by 
inserting ``, wholesaler,'' after ``manufacturer''.

SEC. 104. CONDITIONS OF PERMIT.

    Subsection (a) of section 5713 (relating to issuance of permit) is 
amended to read as follows:
    ``(a) Issuance.--
            ``(1) In general.--A person shall not engage in business as 
        a manufacturer, wholesaler, or importer of tobacco products or 
        as an export warehouse proprietor without a permit to engage in 
        such business. Such permit shall be issued in such form and in 
        such manner as the Secretary shall by regulation prescribe, to 
        every person properly qualified under sections 5711 and 5712. A 
        new permit may be required at such other time as the Secretary 
        shall by regulation prescribe.
            ``(2) Conditions.--The issuance of a permit under this 
        section shall be conditioned upon the compliance with the 
        requirements of this chapter and the Contraband Cigarette 
        Trafficking Act (18 U.S.C. chapter 114), and any regulations 
        issued pursuant to such statutes.''.

SEC. 105. RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED.

    Section 5741 (relating to records to be maintained) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(a) In General.--'' before ``Every 
        manufacturer'',
            (2) by inserting ``every wholesaler,'' after ``every 
        importer,'',
            (3) by striking ``such records'' and inserting ``records 
        concerning the chain of custody of the tobacco products and 
        such other records'', and
            (4) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(b) Retailers.--Retailers shall maintain records of receipt of 
tobacco products, and such records shall be available to the Secretary 
for inspection and audit. An ordinary commercial record or invoice 
shall satisfy the requirements of this subsection if such record shows 
the date of receipt, from whom tobacco products were received, and the 
quantity of tobacco products received.''.

SEC. 106. REPORTS.

    Section 5722 (relating to reports) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``(a) In General.--'' before ``Every 
        manufacturer'', and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(b) Reports By Export Warehouse Proprietors.--
            ``(1) In general.--Prior to exportation of tobacco products 
        from the United States, the export warehouse proprietor shall 
        submit a report (in such manner and form as the Secretary may 
        by regulation prescribe) to enable the Secretary to identify 
        the shipment and assure that it reaches its intended 
        destination.
            ``(2) Agreements with foreign governments.--Notwithstanding 
        section 6103 of this title, the Secretary is authorized to 
        enter into agreements with foreign governments to exchange or 
        share information contained in reports received from export 
        warehouse proprietors of tobacco products if--
                    ``(A) the Secretary believes that such agreement 
                will assist in--
                            ``(i) ensuring compliance with the 
                        provisions of this chapter or regulations 
                        promulgated thereunder, or
                            ``(ii) preventing or detecting violations 
                        of the provisions of this chapter or 
                        regulations promulgated thereunder, and
                    ``(B) the Secretary obtains assurances from such 
                government that the information will be held in 
                confidence and used only for the purposes specified in 
                clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A).
        No information may be exchanged or shared with any government 
        that has violated such assurances.''.

SEC. 107. FRAUDULENT OFFENSES.

    (a) In General.--Subsection (a) of section 5762 (relating to 
fraudulent offenses) is amended by striking paragraph (1) and 
redesignating paragraphs (2) through (6) as paragraphs (1) through (5), 
respectively.
    (b) Offenses Relating to Distribution of Tobacco Products.--Section 
5762 is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c),
            (2) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated), by inserting 
        ``or (b)'' after ``(a)'', and
            (3) by inserting after subsection (a) the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(b) Offenses Relating to Distribution of Tobacco Products.--It 
shall be unlawful--
            ``(1) for any person to engage in the business as a 
        manufacturer or importer of tobacco products or cigarette 
        papers and tubes, or to engage in the business as a wholesaler 
        or an export warehouse proprietor, without filing the bond and 
        obtaining the permit where required by this chapter or 
        regulations thereunder;
            ``(2) for a manufacturer, importer, or wholesaler permitted 
        under this chapter intentionally to ship, transport, deliver, 
        or receive any tobacco products from or to any person other 
        than a person permitted under this chapter or a retailer, 
        except a permitted importer may receive foreign tobacco 
        products from a foreign manufacturer or a foreign distributor 
        that have not previously entered the United States;
            ``(3) for any person (other than the original manufacturer 
        of such tobacco products or an export warehouse proprietor 
        authorized to receive any tobacco products that have previously 
        been exported and returned to the United States) to receive any 
        tobacco products that have previously been exported and 
        returned to the United States;
            ``(4) for any export warehouse proprietor intentionally to 
        ship, transport, sell, or deliver for sale any tobacco products 
        to any person other than the original manufacturer of such 
        tobacco products, another export warehouse proprietor, or a 
        foreign purchaser;
            ``(5) for any person (other than a manufacturer or an 
        export warehouse proprietor permitted under this chapter) 
        intentionally to ship, transport, receive, or possess, for 
        purposes of resale, any tobacco product in packages marked 
        pursuant to regulations issued under section 5723, other than 
        for direct return to a manufacturer for repacking or for re-
        exportation or to an export warehouse proprietor for re-
        exportation;
            ``(6) for any manufacturer, importer, export warehouse 
        proprietor, or wholesaler permitted under this chapter to make 
        intentionally any false entry in, to fail willfully to make 
        appropriate entry in, or to fail willfully to maintain properly 
        any record or report that such person is required to keep as 
        required by this chapter or the regulations promulgated 
        thereunder; and
            ``(7) for any person to alter, mutilate, destroy, 
        obliterate, or remove any mark or label required under this 
        chapter upon a tobacco product held for sale, except pursuant 
        to regulations of the Secretary authorizing relabeling for 
        purposes of compliance with the requirements of this section or 
        of State law.
Any person violating any of the provisions of this subsection shall, 
upon conviction, be fined as provided in section 3571 of title 18, 
United States Code, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.''.
    (c) Intentionally Defined.--Section 5762 is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
    ``(d) Definition of Intentionally.--For purposes of this section 
and section 5761, the term `intentionally' means doing an act, or 
omitting to do an act, deliberately, and not due to accident, 
inadvertence, or mistake, regardless of whether the person knew that 
the act or omission constituted an offense.''.

SEC. 108. CIVIL PENALTIES.

    Subsection (a) of section 5761 (relating to civil penalties) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``willfully'' and inserting 
        ``intentionally'', and
            (2) by striking ``$1,000'' and inserting ``$10,000''.

SEC. 109. DEFINITIONS.

    (a) Export Warehouse Proprietor.--Subsection (i) of section 5702 
(relating to definition of export warehouse proprietor) is amended by 
inserting before the period the following: ``or any person engaged in 
the business of exporting tobacco products from the United States for 
purposes of sale or distribution. Any duty free store that sells, 
offers for sale, or otherwise distributes to any person in any single 
transaction more than 30 packages of cigarettes, or its equivalent for 
other tobacco products as the Secretary shall by regulation prescribe, 
shall be deemed an export warehouse proprietor under this chapter''.
    (b) Retailer; Wholesaler.--Section 5702 is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
    ``(p) Retailer.--The term `retailer' means any dealer who sells, or 
offers for sale, any tobacco product at retail. The term `retailer' 
includes any duty-free store that sells, offers for sale, or otherwise 
distributes at retail in any single transaction 30 or less packages, or 
its equivalent for other tobacco products.
    ``(q) Wholesaler.--The term `wholesaler' means any person engaged 
in the business of purchasing tobacco products for resale at wholesale, 
or any person acting as an agent or broker for any person engaged in 
the business of purchasing tobacco products for resale at wholesale.''.

SEC. 110. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    The amendments made by this title shall take effect on January 1, 
2003.

    TITLE II--AMENDMENTS TO THE CONTRABAND CIGARETTE TRAFFICKING ACT

SEC. 201. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONTRABAND CIGARETTE TRAFFICKING ACT.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 2341 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) by striking ``60,000'' and inserting 
                ``30,000'', and
                    (B) by inserting ``or importer'' after ``as a 
                manufacturer'';
            (2) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (3) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and inserting 
        a semicolon; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) the term `tobacco product' means cigars, cigarettes, 
        smokeless tobacco, and pipe tobacco (as such terms are defined 
        in section 5701 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986); and
            ``(7) the term `contraband tobacco product' means a 
        quantity of tobacco product that is equivalent to or more than 
        30,000 cigarettes as determined by regulation, which bear no 
        evidence of the payment of applicable State tobacco taxes in 
        the State where such tobacco products are found, if such State 
        requires a stamp, impression, or other indication to be placed 
        on packages or other containers of product to evidence payment 
        of tobacco taxes.''
    (b) Unlawful Acts.--Section 2342 of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting ``or contraband tobacco 
        products'' before the period;
            (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
    ``(b)(1) It shall be unlawful for any person--
            ``(A) knowingly to make any false statement or 
        representation with respect to the information required by this 
        chapter to be kept in the records or reports of any person who 
        ships, sells, or distributes--
                    ``(i) any quantity of cigarettes in excess of 
                30,000 in a single transaction or in a series of 
                related transactions, or
                    ``(ii) tobacco products in such equivalent 
                quantities as shall be determined by regulation, or
            ``(B) knowingly to fail to maintain records or reports, 
        alter or obliterate required markings, or interfere with any 
        inspection, required under this chapter, with respect to such 
        quantity of cigarettes or other tobacco products.''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) It shall be unlawful for any person knowingly to transport 
tobacco products under a false bill of lading or without any bill of 
lading.''.
    (c) Recordkeeping.--Section 2343 of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``60,000 in a single 
        transaction'' and inserting ``30,000 in a single transaction or 
        in a series of related transactions, or, in the case of other 
        tobacco products an equivalent quantity as determined by 
        regulation,'';
            (2) by amending the last sentence of subsection (a) to read 
        as follows: ``Except as provided in subsection (c) of this 
        section, nothing contained herein shall authorize the Secretary 
        to require reporting under this section.'';
            (3) in subsection (b), by striking ``60,000 in a single 
        transaction'' and inserting ``30,000 in a single transaction or 
        in a series of related transactions, or, in the case of other 
        tobacco products an equivalent quantity as determined by 
        regulation,''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c)(1) Any person who ships, sells, or distributes tobacco 
products for resale in interstate commerce, whereby such tobacco 
products are shipped into a State taxing the sale or use of such 
tobacco products or who advertises or offers tobacco products for such 
sale or transfer and shipment shall--
            ``(A) first file with the tobacco tax administrator of the 
        State into which such shipment is made or in which such 
        advertisement or offer is disseminated, a statement setting for 
        the person's name, and trade name (if any), and the address of 
        the person's principal place of business and of any other place 
        of business; and
            ``(B) not later than the 10th of each calendar month, file 
        with the tobacco tax administrator of the State into which such 
        shipment is made a memorandum or a copy of the invoice covering 
        each and every shipment of tobacco products made during the 
        previous calendar month into such State; the memorandum or 
        invoice in each case to include the name and address of the 
        person to whom the shipment was made, the brand, and the 
        quantity thereof.
    ``(2) The fact that any person ships or delivers for shipment any 
tobacco products shall, if such shipment is into a State in which such 
person has filed a statement with the tobacco tax administrator under 
paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection, be presumptive evidence that such 
tobacco products were sold, shipped, or distributed for resale by such 
person.
    ``(3) For purposes of this subsection--
            ``(A) the term `use' in addition to its ordinary meaning, 
        means consumption, storage, handling, or disposal of tobacco 
        products; and
            ``(B) the term `tobacco tax administrator' means the State 
        official authorized to administer tobacco tax laws of the 
        State.''.
    (d) Penalties.--Section 2344 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by inserting ``or (c)'' after 
        ``section 2342(b)'' and by inserting ``or (c)'' after section 
        2343(a)''; and
            (2) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following 
        new subsection:
    ``(c) Any contraband cigarettes or contraband tobacco products 
involved in any violation of the provisions of this chapter shall be 
subject to seizure and forfeiture, and all provisions of section 
9703(o) of title 31, United States Code, shall, so far as applicable, 
extend to seizures and forfeitures under the provisions of this 
chapter.''
    (e) Repeal.--The Act of October 19, 1949, entitled ``An Act to 
assist States in collecting sales and use taxes on cigarettes'', 63 
Stat. 884 (chapter 10A of title 15, U.S.C.), is hereby repealed.

Answer: Tobacco Smuggling Eradication Act of 2002 - Amends chapter 52 (Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes) of the Internal Revenue Code to require all packages of tobacco products to carry a unique legibly printed serial number by which the Secretary of the Treasury can identify the manufacturer or importer and the location and date of manufacture or importation. Requires tobacco products sold on Indian reservations to be labeled as such.Requires a tobacco wholesaler to have a permit and to maintain certain records.Requires export warehouse proprietors to file certain reports with the Secretary. Authorizes the Secretary to enter into certain tobacco related information agreements with foreign countries.Establishes new offenses relating to the distribution of tobacco.Raises the $1,000 civil penalty under chapter 52 to $10,000.Amends the Contraband Cigarette Trafficking Act to: (1) expand the applicability of such Act from cigarettes only to "tobacco product" (cigars, cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, and pipe tobacco); (2) define "contraband tobacco product" as a quantity of tobacco product that is equivalent to or more than 30,000 cigarettes (currently, 60,000) which bear no evidence of the payment of applicable State tobacco taxes; (3) establish new unlawful acts; and (4) require additional recordkeeping.Repeals Federal law provisions concerning reports required to State tobacco tax administrators by individuals engaged in interstate cigarette commerce.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Greenhouse Gas Emission Atmospheric 
Removal Act'' or the ``GEAR Act''.

SEC. 2. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    It is the policy of the United States to provide incentives to 
encourage the development and implementation of technology to 
permanently remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere on a 
significant scale.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the 
        Greenhouse Gas Emission Atmospheric Removal Commission 
        established by section 5(a).
            (2) Greenhouse gas.--The term ``greenhouse gas'' means--
                    (A) carbon dioxide;
                    (B) methane;
                    (C) nitrous oxide;
                    (D) sulfur hexafluoride;
                    (E) a hydrofluorocarbon;
                    (F) a perfluorocarbon; and
                    (G) any other gas that the Commission determines is 
                necessary to achieve the purposes of this Act.
            (3) Intellectual property.--The term ``intellectual 
        property'' means--
                    (A) an invention that is patentable under title 35, 
                United States Code; and
                    (B) any patent on an invention described in 
                subparagraph (A).
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Energy.

SEC. 4. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ATMOSPHERIC REMOVAL PROGRAM.

    The Secretary, acting through the Commission, shall provide to 
public and private entities, on a competitive basis, financial awards 
for the achievement of milestones in developing and applying technology 
that could significantly slow or reverse the accumulation of greenhouse 
gases in the atmosphere by permanently capturing or sequestrating those 
gases without significant countervailing harmful effects.

SEC. 5. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ATMOSPHERIC REMOVAL COMMISSION.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established within the Department of 
Energy a commission to be known as the ``Greenhouse Gas Emission 
Atmospheric Removal Commission''.
    (b) Membership.--
            (1) Composition.--The Commission shall be composed of 11 
        members appointed by the President, by and with the advice and 
        consent of the Senate, who shall provide expertise in--
                    (A) climate science;
                    (B) physics;
                    (C) chemistry;
                    (D) biology;
                    (E) engineering;
                    (F) economics;
                    (G) business management; and
                    (H) such other disciplines as the Commission 
                determines to be necessary to achieve the purposes of 
                this Act.
            (2) Term; vacancies.--
                    (A) Term.--A member of the Commission shall serve 
                for a term of 6 years.
                    (B) Vacancies.--A vacancy on the Commission--
                            (i) shall not affect the powers of the 
                        Commission; and
                            (ii) shall be filled in the same manner as 
                        the original appointment was made.
            (3) Initial meeting.--Not later than 30 days after the date 
        on which all members of the Commission have been appointed, the 
        Commission shall hold the initial meeting of the Commission.
            (4) Meetings.--The Commission shall meet at the call of the 
        Chairperson.
            (5) Quorum.--A majority of the members of the Commission 
        shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of members may 
        hold hearings.
            (6) Chairperson and vice chairperson.--The Commission shall 
        select a Chairperson and Vice Chairperson from among the 
        members of the Commission.
            (7) Compensation.--A member of the Commission shall be 
        compensated at level III of the Executive Schedule.
    (c) Duties.--The Commission shall--
            (1) subject to subsection (d), develop specific 
        requirements for--
                    (A) the competition process;
                    (B) minimum performance standards;
                    (C) monitoring and verification procedures; and
                    (D) the scale of awards for each milestone 
                identified under paragraph (3);
            (2) establish minimum levels for the capture or net 
        sequestration of greenhouse gases that are required to be 
        achieved by a public or private entity to qualify for a 
        financial award described in paragraph (3);
            (3) in coordination with the Secretary, offer those 
        financial awards to public and private entities that 
        demonstrate--
                    (A) a design document for a successful technology;
                    (B) a bench scale demonstration of a technology;
                    (C) technology described in subparagraph (A) that--
                            (i) is operational at demonstration scale; 
                        and
                            (ii) achieves significant greenhouse gas 
                        reductions; and
                    (D) operation of technology on a commercially 
                viable scale that meets the minimum levels described in 
                paragraph (2); and
            (4) submit to Congress--
                    (A) an annual report that describes the progress 
                made by the Commission and recipients of financial 
                awards under this section in achieving the 
                demonstration goals established under paragraph (3); 
                and
                    (B) not later than 1 year after the date of 
                enactment of this Act, a report that describes the 
                levels of funding that are necessary to achieve the 
                purposes of this Act.
    (d) Public Participation.--In carrying out subsection (c)(1), the 
Commission shall--
            (1) provide notice of and, for a period of at least 60 
        days, an opportunity for public comment on, any draft or 
        proposed version of the requirements described in subsection 
        (c)(1); and
            (2) take into account public comments received in 
        developing the final version of those requirements.
    (e) Peer Review.--No financial award may be provided under this Act 
until such time as the proposal for which the award is sought has been 
peer reviewed in accordance with such standards for peer review as the 
Commission shall establish.

SEC. 6. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CONSIDERATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Title to any intellectual property arising from a 
financial award provided under this Act shall vest in 1 or more 
entities that are incorporated in the United States.
    (b) Reservation of License.--The United States--
            (1) may reserve a nonexclusive, nontransferable, 
        irrevocable, paid-up license, to have practiced for or on 
        behalf of the United States, in connection with any 
        intellectual property described in subsection (a); but
            (2) shall not, in the exercise of a license reserved under 
        paragraph (1), publicly disclose proprietary information 
        relating to the license.
    (c) Transfer of Title.--Title to any intellectual property 
described in subsection (a) shall not be transferred or passed, except 
to an entity that is incorporated in the United States, until the 
expiration of the first patent obtained in connection with the 
intellectual property.

SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary 
to carry out this Act.

SEC. 8. TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.

    The Commission and all authority of the Commission provided under 
this Act terminate on December 31, 2020.

Answer:
Greenhouse Gas Emission Atmospheric Removal Act or the GEAR Act - Declares that it is the policy of the United States to provide incentives to encourage the development and implementation of technology to permanently remove greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the atmosphere on a significant scale.

Establishes within the Department of Energy (DOE) the Greenhouse Gas Emission Atmospheric Removal Commission.

Requires the Secretary of Energy, acting through the Commission, to provide financial awards on a competitive basis to entities for the achievement of milestones in developing and applying technology that could significantly slow or reverse the accumulation of GHGs in the atmosphere by permanently capturing or sequestrating those gases without significant countervailing harmful effects.

Requires the Commission to: (1) develop specific requirements for the competition, performance, monitoring and verification, and the scale of awards; (2) establish minimum levels for the capture or net sequestration of GHGs required to qualify for a financial award; (3) offer awards to entities that demonstrate achievement of specified technological goals; and (4) establish standards for required peer review of proposals seeking such awards.





Vests title to intellectual property arising from such awards in U.S. entities. Bars title transfer to an entity not incorporated in the United States until the first obtained patent expires. Authorizes the United States to reserve a license to have such property practiced on its behalf.