Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Intellectual disability (ID) features in numerous heritable medical conditions that result from ATRX mutations. Alpha-thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X syndrome) is the most notable manifestation of ATRX dysfunction. In addition to ID, genitourinary and craniofacial abnormalities are regularly observed with or without alpha-thalassemia.', 'The study sought to characterize two cases of ATR-X in a Yemeni family clinically and molecularly.', 'PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were used to study the ATRX gene in a Yemeni family. Also, methylation-sensitive PCR was used to perform X-inactivation studies. CADD, SNAP2 and PolyPhen-2 helped to predict the functional consequences of the variant.', 'Molecular testing revealed a novel hemizygous missense mutation (c.5666T>G) in the ATRX gene in the two Yemeni brothers. This mutation was found in a heterozygous state in the mother, with the chromosome harboring the mutated allele being under strongly skewed X-inactivation.
[A]: Does a novel missense mutation in ATRX uncovered in a Yemeni family lead to alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome without alpha-thalassemia?


[Q]: Islet function is regulated by islet autonomic nerves. These nerves harbour not only the classical neurotransmitters, acetyl choline and noradrenaline, but also neuropeptides. This study examined whether the neuropeptides, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and gastrin releasing polypeptide (GRP) contribute to the regulation of insulin secretion in model experiments by using receptor gene deleted mice.', 'Anaesthetized mice with genetic deletion of one of the PACAP receptors (PAC1 receptors) or one of the GRP receptors (GRP receptor) or their wildtype counterparts were given glucose through a gastric gavage (150 mg) or intravenously (0.25, 0.50 or 1 g/kg). Blood samples were taken regularly during the following 120 min (after gastric glucose) or at 1 min (after intravenous glucose) for analysis of glucose and insulin.', 'The insulin response to gastric glucose was suppressed by 66% in PAC1 receptor gene deleted mice in association with impaired glucose elimination, whereas the insulin response to intravenous glucose was impaired by 36% only. The insulin response to glucose was suppressed in GRP receptor gene deleted mice by 24% together with impaired glucose elimination, whereas the insulin response to intravenous glucose was not significantly suppressed.
[A]: Is the insulin response to gastric glucose reduced in PAC1 and GRP receptor gene deleted mice?


[Q]: Among many neglected tropical diseases endemic in Honduras, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are of particular importance. However, knowledge gaps remain in terms of risk factors involved in infection transmission. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors associated with STH infections in schoolchildren living in rural Honduras.', 'A cross-sectional study was conducted among Honduran rural schoolchildren in 2011. Demographic, socio-economic, and epidemiological data were obtained through a standardized questionnaire and STH infections were determined by the Kato-Katz method. Logistic regression models accounting for school clustering were used to assess putative risk factors for infection.', 'A total of 320 children completed the study. Prevalences for any STH and for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms were: 72.5%, 30.3%, 66.9% and 15.9%, respectively. A number of risk factors were identified at the individual, household, and school level. Boys were at increased odds of infection with hookworms (OR 2.33, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.23-4.42). Higher socio-economic status in the family had a protective effect against infections by A. lumbricoides (OR 0.80, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.65-0.99) and T. trichiura (OR 0.77, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.63-0.94).Low school hygiene conditions significantly increased the odds for ascariasis (OR 14.85, 95% CI\u2009=\u20097.29-30.24), trichuriasis (OR 7.32, 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.71-14.45), mixed infections (OR 9.02, 95% CI\u2009=\u20094.66-17.46), and ascariasis intensity of infection (OR 3.32, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.05 -10.52).Children attending schools not providing deworming treatment or that had provided it only once a year were at increased odds of ascariasis (OR 10.40, 95% CI\u2009=\u20094.39-24.65), hookworm (OR 2.92, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.09-7.85) and mixed infections (OR 10.57, 95% CI\u2009=\u20094.53-24.66).
[A]:
Are school hygiene and deworming key protective factors for reduced transmission of soil-transmitted helminths among schoolchildren in Honduras?