instruction:
In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
question:
Paragraph: Daily oscillations of pulmonary function depend on the rhythmic activity of the circadian timing system. Environmental tobacco/cigarette smoke (CS) disrupts circadian clock leading to enhanced inflammatory responses. Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) increases hospitalization rates and death in susceptible individuals, including patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We hypothesized that molecular clock disruption is enhanced by IAV infection, altering cellular and lung function, leading to severity in airway disease phenotypes. C57BL/6J mice exposed to chronic CS, BMAL1 knockout (KO) mice and wild-type littermates were infected with IAV. Following infection, we measured diurnal rhythms of clock gene expression in the lung, locomotor activity, pulmonary function, inflammatory, pro-fibrotic and emphysematous responses. Chronic CS exposure combined with IAV infection altered the timing of clock gene expression and reduced locomotor activity in parallel with increased lung inflammation, disrupted rhythms of pulmonary function, and emphysema. BMAL1 KO mice infected with IAV showed pronounced detriments in behavior and survival, and increased lung inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses. This suggests that remodeling of lung clock function following IAV infection alters clock-dependent gene expression and normal rhythms of lung function, enhanced emphysematous and injurious responses. This may have implications for the pathobiology of respiratory virus-induced airway disease severity and exacerbations. I nfluenza virus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, adenovirus and metapeumovirus are among the respiratory viruses known to cause exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma 1-4 . In fact, respiratory viral infections account for about 50-70% of acute exacerbations in patients with COPD 5 . COPD exacerbations are often followed by subsequent clinical pulmonary deterioration, including significant declines in forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV 1 ) and increased hospitalization or mortality 6 . This is associated with worsening of COPD phenotypes, such as cough, fever and mucus production; the timing of which depends on the activity of the biological clock. Circadian rhythms are biological oscillations that occur with a near-24-h period and are synchronized or entrained to environmental cues, such as the day-night cycle 7 . These rhythms are the manifestation of an autoregulatory molecular oscillator of interlocked positive and negative transcription factors collectively referred to as clock genes 8 . In mammals, the central pacemaker, localized to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus, drives rhythms of physiology and behavior, and synchronizes internal timing with the external environment 7 . Apart from the central clock, peripheral tissues such as the liver, heart and the lung also contain autonomous circadian oscillators that coordinate tissue specific cellular functions and responses to environmental stimuli 7-12 . As an example, circadian rhythms in pulmonary function have been demonstrated in animal models and healthy individuals (highest at noon time and low during the early morning hours) [13] [14] [15] . The coordinated and synchronized activity of central and peripheral oscillators is referred to as the circadian timing system 9,12 . It has been shown that recruitment of leukocytes to tissues following infection is also regulated by the circadian timing system 16, 17 . For example, macrophages and mast cells exhibit robust rhythms of circadian clock and proinflammatory cytokine gene expression 18, 19 . The magnitude of immune and inflammatory parameters varies with time of day, and disruption of circadian rhythms (chronodisruption) has been implicated in cellular dysfunction, and in the pathogenesis of chronic metabolic disease, infection, and inflammatory diseases 20-22 . 
 Title: Influenza A virus-dependent remodeling of pulmonary clock function in a mouse model of COPD
answer:
False


question:
Paragraph: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a key soluble pathogen recognition protein of the innate immune system that binds specific mannose-containing glycans on the surfaces of microbial agents and initiates complement activation via the lectin pathway. Prior studies showed that MBL-dependent activation of the complement cascade neutralized insect cell-derived West Nile virus (WNV) in cell culture and restricted pathogenesis in mice. Here, we investigated the antiviral activity of MBL in infection by dengue virus (DENV), a related flavivirus. Using a panel of naïve sera from mouse strains deficient in different complement components, we showed that inhibition of infection by insect cell-and mammalian cell-derived DENV was primarily dependent on the lectin pathway. Human MBL also bound to DENV and neutralized infection of all four DENV serotypes through complement activation-dependent and -independent pathways. Experiments with human serum from naïve individuals with inherent variation in the levels of MBL in blood showed a direct correlation between the concentration of MBL and neutralization of DENV; samples with high levels of MBL in blood neutralized DENV more efficiently than those with lower levels. Our studies suggest that allelic variation of MBL in humans may impact complement-dependent control of DENV pathogenesis. Citation Avirutnan P, et al. 2011. Complement-mediated neutralization of dengue virus requires mannose-binding lectin. mBio 2(6):e00276-11. 
 Title: Complement-Mediated Neutralization of Dengue Virus Requires Mannose-Binding Lectin
answer:
True


question:
Paragraph: The molecular events and evolutionary forces underlying lethal mutagenesis of virus (or virus extinction through an excess of mutations) are not well understood. Here we apply for the first time phylogenetic methods and Partition Analysis of Quasispecies (PAQ) to monitor genetic distances and intra-population structures of mutant spectra of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) quasispecies subjected to mutagenesis by base and nucleoside analogues. Results: Phylogenetic and PAQ analyses have revealed a highly dynamic variation of intrapopulation diversity of FMDV quasispecies. The population diversity first suffers striking expansions in the presence of mutagens and then compressions either when the presence of the mutagenic analogue was discontinued or when a mutation that decreased sensitivity to a mutagen was selected. The pattern of mutations found in the populations was in agreement with the behavior of the corresponding nucleotide analogues with FMDV in vitro. Mutations accumulated at preferred genomic sites, and dn/ds ratios indicate the operation of negative (or purifying) selection in populations subjected to mutagenesis. No evidence of unusually elevated genetic distances has been obtained for FMDV populations approaching extinction. Phylogenetic and PAQ analysis provide adequate procedures to describe the evolution of viral sequences subjected to lethal mutagenesis. These methods define the changes of intra-population structure more precisely than mutation frequencies and Shannon entropies. PAQ is very sensitive to variations of intrapopulation genetic distances. Strong negative (or purifying) selection operates in FMDV populations subjected to enhanced mutagenesis. The quantifications provide evidence that extinction does not imply unusual increases of intrapopulation complexity, in support of the lethal defection model of virus extinction. 
 Title: Topology of evolving, mutagenized viral populations: quasispecies expansion, compression, and operation of negative selection
answer:

True