In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Q: Community-ARI and inpatient-ARI was also combined with mild and severe cases of influenza from a historical prospective study as mild-ARI and severe-ARI respectively to evaluate the performance of clinical case definitions. We analysed 130 community-ARI and 140 inpatient-ARI episodes (5 inpatient-ARI excluded because multiple pathogens were detected), involving 138 and 207 samples respectively. Detection by PCR declined with days post-onset for influenza virus; decrease was faster for community-ARI than for inpatient-ARI. No such patterns were observed for noninfluenza respiratory virus infections. PathChip added substantially to viruses detected for community-ARI only. Clinical case definitions discriminated influenza from other mild-ARI but performed poorly for severe-ARI and for older participants. Rational strategies for diagnosis and surveillance of influenza and other respiratory virus must acknowledge the differences between ARIs presenting in community and hospital settings.

A: Detection of viral respiratory pathogens in mild and severe acute respiratory infections in Singapore To investigate the performance of laboratory methods and clinical case definitions in detecting the viral pathogens for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) from a prospective community cohort and hospital inpatients, nasopharyngeal swabs from cohort members reporting ARIs (community-ARI) and inpatients admitted with ARIs (inpatient-ARI) were tested by Singleplex Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (SRT-PCR), multiplex RT-PCR (MRT-PCR) and pathogen-chip system (PathChip) between OPEN
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Q: Background: One of the most commonly applied protectotype vaccination protocol against infectious bronchitis (IB) in broiler chickens in the EU is simultaneous or alternate use of Ma5 and 4/91 vaccine strains. After IB vaccination and infection, systemic and upper respiratory tract (URT), humoral and cell-mediated immunity (CMI), are stimulated. The level of this stimulation correlates with the level of protection against IB. Results: We've investigated the development of URT and systemic, cell-mediated and humoral immunity in commercial broiler chickens vaccinated with Ma5 and/or 4/91 strains at hatch day. We've demonstrated that the group vaccinated with Ma5 and 4/91 strain simultaneously developed the most desirable immunity which reflects the level of CD8 + T cells stimulation in spleen and Harderian gland, as well as the level of IgA and IgY in URT washings and serum and their cross-reactivity with 7 IBV strains. Conclusions: Although we did not demonstrate directly why Ma5 + 4/91 protocol is so efficient it seems that it combines the benefits of monovalent vaccination with either Ma5 or 4/91 and while Ma5 seems to stimulate CMI more efficiently, the 4/91 strain generates a wider spectrum of immune system cross-reactivity and higher URT IgA production.

A: Immunological aspects of the efficiency of protectotype vaccination strategy against chicken infectious bronchitis
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Q: Recently a new monoterpene dial, dehydroiridodial, was isolated as a pungent principle of Actinidia polygama Miq., and it was synthesized by K. Yoshihara et ai (7). On the other hand, chrysomelidial (1), the stereoisomer of dehydroiridodial, was isolated from the larval defensive secretion of a chrysomelide beetle (Plagiodera versicolora) in 1977, and it was synthesized in 1978 by J. Meinwald et al. (8). Both syntheses were non-stereospecific involving tedious separation steps. We first attempted the stereocontrolled synthesis of chrysomelidial from 4-methyltricyclo[3,3,0,0^'^]octan-3-one (2) which was prepared from diethyl 2-cyclopentene-l-ylmalonate by the general method of Doering. Methylation of diethyl 2-cyclopentene-l-ylmalonate with metyl iodide followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation afforded 2-(2-cyclopentene-lyl)propionic acid in

A:
Progress in the Synthesis of Iridoids and Related Natural Products Sachihiko Isoe 1. 2.1 Synthesis of ChrysomelidiaI(6) (Scheme 2)
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