In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
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Question: One word can be used to best describe the theme of each day that has transpired since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: uncertainty. Urologic surgical residents around the nation are faced with the unknown when they walk through the doors of the hospital each day. While experience has taught us navigational strategies to handle these circumstances, the COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly brought new meaning to this concept. Priorities have quickly transitioned from closely following our previously developed academic curriculum and enhancing our surgical skills, to limiting physician-patient encounters and ensuring the safety and health of our team. Normalcy within our professional and personal lives is completely lost. Yet, as health care providers, we must and will forge on. We review the techniques and guidelines that our institution has implemented in order to allow us to do just that. We believe that our leadership, both at an enterprise and program level, has taken the necessary and early measures to prepare our residency cohort for the uncertain future and challenges posed by COVID-19. This plan emphasizes social and professional distancing, allows residents and faculty to stay current on academic topics, and provides reasonable opportunities for personal wellness, all while emphasizing safety and rationalization. Most importantly, however, we have continued to provide our patients with exceptional urologic care at 2 adult hospitals and 1 children's hospital in the Greater Akron, Ohio area. While we understand each residency program has a unique curriculum with a different number of residents that cover a range of different hospitals, we hope to provide insight into our personal experience. We believe that this method of organization allows a residency program to continue to grow professionally, socially, academically, and personally during the uncertainty that is COVID-19. This framework could serve as an immediate action plan for future pandemics and natural disasters, especially for residency programs that cover multiple hospitals and health care settings.

Answer: Editorial Cleveland Clinic Akron General Urology Residency Program's COVID-19 Experience


Question: The spread of infectious disease epidemics is mediated by human travel. Yet human mobility patterns vary substantially between countries and regions. Quantifying the frequency of travel and length of journeys in well-defined population is therefore critical for predicting the likely speed and pattern of spread of emerging infectious diseases, such as a new influenza pandemic. Here we present the results of a large population survey undertaken in 2007 in two areas of China: Shenzhen city in Guangdong province, and Huangshan city in Anhui province. In each area, 10,000 randomly selected individuals were interviewed, and data on regular and occasional journeys collected. Travel behaviour was examined as a function of age, sex, economic status and home location. Women and children were generally found to travel shorter distances than men. Travel patterns in the economically developed Shenzhen region are shown to resemble those in developed and economically advanced middle income countries with a significant fraction of the population commuting over distances in excess of 50 km. Conversely, in the less developed rural region of Anhui, travel was much more local, with very few journeys over 30 km. Travel patterns in both populations were well-fitted by a gravity model with a lognormal kernel function. The results provide the first quantitative information on human travel patterns in modern China, and suggest that a pandemic emerging in a less developed area of rural China might spread geographically sufficiently slowly for containment to be feasible, while spatial spread in the more economically developed areas might be expected to be much more rapid, making containment more difficult.

Answer: Travel Patterns in China


Question: Clinical patient profiles with H5N1 or SARS infection. The two cases of H5N1 infection have been reported previously (Uiprasertkul et al., 2005) . Briefly, the first case was a previously healthy 6year old boy who developed fever and shortness of breath. Despite antibiotic treatment he deteriorated and Chest X-Ray showed right lower lobe opacification. Nasopharyngeal aspirate was positive for influenza A and PCR showed positive result for H5 and negative for H1 and H3. He was started on oseltamivir 2 days before death. The second case was a 33 year old man with previous good health who was admitted with a 4-day history of fever, malaise, sore throat and cough with blood-stained sputum. Chest X-Ray showed right lower-lobe consolidation. Despite treatment with oseltamivir 2 days after admission his condition deteriorated and he developed ARDS. PCR for H5 was positive on day 6 of illness -the day on which he died. The clinical profiles of the nine SARS patients used in our study have been previously reported (Nicholls et al., 2006) . Human lung obtained from a patient who died of extra-pulmonary disease served as a normal control and was kindly provided by Prof. D. Kerjaschki, Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, according to ethical guidelines. For mouse H5N1 infection experiment, female C57BL/6N mice (6-8 week of age) were used. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and infected intranasally with live H5N1 avian influenza virus (strain A/HK/483/97) at an equivalent TCID 50 dose of 10 2 and 10 1 . Mice were observed daily and euthanized for tissue sampling on day 4 after challenge. Lung tissues were collected and fixed in 10% formalin. The experiment was conducted in a biosafety level III laboratory. Lethal lung infections with Anthrax, Y. pestis, and monkey pox virus, as well as infections with Smallpox virus, Marburg virus, Western Equine Encephalitis virus (WEE), and Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus (EEE) and lung sampling were performed at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, according to institutional guidelines. The samples were obtained from USAMRIID's pathology archival collection.

Answer:
Supplemental Data Identification of Oxidative Stress and Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling as a Key Pathway of Acute Lung Injury SUPPLEMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES