Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) controls the main cell-cycle checkpoints, suggesting utility of its inhibition for cancer treatment, including of highly proliferative pediatric cancer. This preclinical study explored the selective PLK1 inhibitor volasertib (BI 6727) alone and combined with chemotherapy in pediatric malignancies.', 'Inhibition of proliferation was explored in vitro using dimethylthiazol carboxymethoxyphenyl sulfophenyl tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Mice bearing human xenografts were treated with weekly intravenous injections of volasertib.', 'Volasertib inhibited proliferation in all 40 cell lines tested, with a mean half-maximal growth inhibitory concentration of 313 nmol/l (range: 4-5000 nmol/l). Volasertib was highly active against RMS-1 alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts, resulting in 100% tumor regression. Activity was associated with complete and prolonged G2/M arrest and subsequent apoptotic cell death. Volasertib showed synergistic activity with vincristine but antagonistic effects with etoposide.
Example Output: Does polo-like Kinase Inhibitor Volasertib exhibit Antitumor Activity and Synergy with Vincristine in Pediatric Malignancies?

Example Input: Prevention of intraabdominal abscess formation constitutes an important goal in treatment of secondary peritonitis. Fibrinolytic therapy may be effective in this respect. The efficacy of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) and urokinase is compared in a preclinical model for surgical treatment of peritonitis.', 'Peritonitis was induced by intraperitoneal bacterial challenge in male Wistar rats. After 1 hour, surgery was performed. Four groups (n = 20) were treated with one of the following: rtPA, urokinase, streptokinase (a negative protein control), or saline. Blood cultures were taken at 6 and 24 hours; cell counts and cytokine measurements were performed in peritoneal fluid at 1, 3 and 5 days. After 5 days, animals were killed and intraperitoneal abscess formation was analyzed.', 'Both rtPA and urokinase strongly (> 75%) and significantly (P < .05) reduced abscess formation without negative side effects. No bleeding complications were observed. Fibrinolytic therapy altered the intraperitoneal cellular distribution (less neutrophils and more macrophages) but did not essentially alter the courses of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 (decreasing in time) or tumor necrosis factor-* (increasing in time) levels.
Example Output: Do both tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase prevent intraabdominal abscess formation after surgical treatment of peritonitis in the rat?

Example Input: Mammalian circadian rhythms regulate many metabolic processes. Recent studies suggest that brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 (BMAL1), an important component of mammalian circadian rhythm, is associated with insulin signaling. Several studies have shown that insulin is associated with bone metabolism; however, the relationship between BMAL1 and osteoblasts remains unclear.', 'Expression of osteogenic markers and Bmal1 in MC3T3-E1 cells was measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Alizarin red S staining was performed to assess matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells.', 'mRNA levels of osteogenic genes and Bmal1 were up-regulated in MC3T3-E1 cells upon insulin treatment. In addition, Bmal1 overexpression increased the expression of osteogenic genes including inhibitor of DNA binding (Id1), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteocalcin (OC). Interestingly, expression of Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), an important upstream factor of Id1, Runx2, and OC, was markedly increased by Bmal1. Finally, we confirmed that insulin-induced BMP2 expression was attenuated in Bmal1 knockout (KO) cells. PCR analysis and alizarin red S staining showed that insulin-mediated increases gene expression and calcium deposition were reduced in Bmal1 KO cells compared to wild-type cells.
Example Output:
Does bmal1 induce osteoblast differentiation via regulation of BMP2 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells?