From the given sentence, extract the phrase (often noun or verb) that carries the given relationship. The generated phrase should be present in the sentence.

Given Relationship: 'discover', Sentence: 'They were all established in Polynesia before Columbus discovered America , and hence could not have been introduced by later Spanish vessels .'
discovered

Given Relationship: 'surrender in', Sentence: 'On August 17 , 1945 , Emperor Hirohito announced Japan surrender , which became official on September 2 on US Naval ship the USS Missouri .'
surrender

Given Relationship: 'be elect by', Sentence: 'Nov. 3 , 1796 - John Adams was elected to be the second President of the United States .'

elected