In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Ex Input:
Context: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex has been shown to modulate pain and trigeminal nociceptive processing.', 'Ten patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) were stimulated daily for 20\xa0minutes over two weeks using anodal (1\xa0mA) or sham tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1) in a randomized double-blind cross-over design. Primary outcome variable was pain intensity on a verbal rating scale (VRS 0-10). VRS and attack frequency were assessed for one month before, during and after tDCS. The impact on trigeminal pain processing was assessed with pain-related evoked potentials (PREP) and the nociceptive blink reflex (nBR) following electrical stimulation on both sides of the forehead before and after tDCS.', 'Anodal tDCS reduced pain intensity significantly after two weeks of treatment. The attack frequency reduction was not significant. PREP showed an increased N2 latency and decreased peak-to-peak amplitude after anodal tDCS. No severe adverse events were reported.\Question: Does patient-conducted anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex alleviate pain in trigeminal neuralgia?

Ex Output:
Anodal tDCS over two weeks ameliorates intensity of pain in TN. It may become a valuable treatment option for patients unresponsive to conventional treatment.


Ex Input:
Context: Various pathways involved in the pathogenesis of sJIA have been identified through gene expression profiling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but not in neutrophils. Since neutrophils are important in tissue damage during inflammation, and are elevated as part of the acute phase response, we hypothesised that neutrophil pathways could also be important in the pathogenesis of sJIA. We therefore studied the gene profile in both PBMC and neutrophils of sJIA patients treated with tocilizumab.', 'We studied the transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and neutrophils from eight paired samples obtained from 4 sJIA patients taken before and after treatment, selected on the basis that they achieved ACR90 responses within 12 weeks of therapy initiation with tocilizumab. RNA was extracted and gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarray platform. A longitudinal analysis using paired t-test (p\u2009<\u20090.05 and FC\u2009≥\u20091.5) was applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two time points followed by ingenuity pathway analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and quantitative real-time PCR were then performed to verify the microarray results.', 'Gene ontology analysis in neutrophils revealed that response to tocilizumab significantly altered genes regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress (p\u2009=\u20094.6E-05). This was independently verified with GSEA, by identifying a set of oxidative genes whose expression correlated with response to tocilizumab. In PBMC, treatment of sJIA with tocilizumab appeared to affect genes in Oncostatin M signalling and B cell pathways.\Question: Are mitochondrial and oxidative stress genes differentially expressed in neutrophils of sJIA patients treated with tocilizumab : a pilot microarray study?

Ex Output:
For the first time we demonstrate that neutrophils from sJIA patients responding to tocilizumab showed significantly different changes in gene expression. These data could highlight the importance of mitochondrial genes that modulate oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of sJIA.


Ex Input:
Context: To train novices to perform an abbreviated duplex lower limb ultrasound scan using simulation training and assess real-world skills transference.', 'Novices undertook 3 days of simulation training. Their progress was assessed using the Duplex Ultrasound Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (DUOSATS) for simulation and Cumulative Imaging Score (CIS). A final assessment day was held to assess DUOSATS for simulation and real patient scanning, CIS, cumulative diagnostic accuracy, and sections A and B of the Society of Vascular Technology examination. MSc students in vascular ultrasound were also assessed for comparison.', 'A total of 17 novices and 7 MSc students with 3-month training participated. Novices improved DUOSATS for simulation scores between days 1, 3, and 4: 18 (17-19) vs 27 (25-28) vs 30 (28-32), (median [interquartile range], p < 0.001). Novices improved in CIS between days 1 and 3: 10 (10-13) vs 21 (19-21), p < 0.001, with a decline on day 4: 15.3 (11.3-18.3), p < 0.001. On the final assessment day, there were no significant differences between novices and MSc students in: DUOSATS for simulation scores (30 [28-32] vs 31 [6-31.5], p = 0.85); DUOSATS for patient assessment (31 [28.7-33.7] vs 26.7 [24.5-35.7], p = 0.41); CIS (15.3 [11.3-18.7] vs 20.7 [12.3-22.2], p = 0.2), respectively. However, novices performed better in section B of the Society of Vascular Technology examination compared with MSc students (72.9% vs 54.3%, p < 0.001). Novices also demonstrated a higher diagnostic accuracy when compared with MSc students (65.7% of arterial segments correctly assessed vs 47.6%, respectively [p = 0.044]).\Question: Does intensive Simulation Training in Lower Limb Arterial Duplex Scanning lead to Skills Transfer in Real-World Scenario?

Ex Output:

Intensive simulation of 3-day training achieved real patient-based assessments that were comparable to MSc students who were 3 months into their traditional training program.