Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Immunosuppressant agents modulate the activity of the immune system and control adipose tissue inflammatory responses associated with obesity. Controlling adipose tissue inflammation represents an interesting option for inhibiting the low-grade inflammatory state in obese subjects and for preventing obesity-associated pathologies. In this work, we assessed the effects of thalidomide on the inflammatory response in adipose tissue as well as on systemic inflammatory marker expression in the well-established high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model.', 'Swiss male mice were fed a high-fat diet (60% kcal from fat) for 12 weeks and received thalidomide for the last 10 days (100 mg.kg-1). Adipokine levels were measured in serum and adipose tissue by EIA and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Adipose tissue infiltrating macrophages were identified by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis of F4/80 marker expression. Other inflammatory markers, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production, were also evaluated by western blot analysis. In vitro assays using 3T3-L1 adipocytes were also conducted to evaluated adipokine release.', 'In obese mice, thalidomide administration induced a reduction in adiposity accompanied by a reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin and MCP-1 adipose tissue production, macrophage infiltration and JNK activation. TNF-α and leptin serum levels were also reduced by thalidomide treatment in obese mice. In vitro, the release of basal TNF-α and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MCP-1 was inhibited in 3T3-L1 cells.

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
We sought to determine the association between low caregiver health literacy and child emergency department (ED) use, both the number and urgency of ED visits.', 'This year long cross-sectional study utilized the Newest Vital Sign questionnaire to measure the health literacy of caregivers accompanying children to a pediatric ED. Prior ED visits were extracted from a regional database. ED visit urgency was classified by resources utilized during the index ED visit. Regression analyses were used to model 2 outcomes-prior ED visits and ED visit urgency-stratified by chronic illness. Analyses were weighted by triage level.', 'Overall, 503 caregivers completed the study; 55% demonstrated low health literacy. Children of caregivers with low health literacy had more prior ED visits (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.5; 95% confidence interval 1.2, 1.8) and increased odds of a nonurgent index ED visit (adjusted odds ratio 2.4; 95% confidence interval 1.3, 4.4). Among children without chronic illness, low caregiver health literacy was associated with an increased proportion of nonurgent index ED visits (48% vs. 22%; adjusted odds ratio 3.2; 1.8, 5.7).

Ex Output:
1


Ex Input:
CYR61 is an extracellular matrix-associated protein that promotes adhesion, migration, and proliferation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Prostate enlargement, which frequently causes the urethral compression, is often histologically observed as stromal and epithelial hyperplasia in an enlarged gland. To determine whether or not CYR61 has relevance to the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), we investigated the induction of CYR61, and also examined its function in both prostatic stromal and epithelial cells.', 'Recombinant CYR61 protein was used for the examination of the activity of CYR61 as to cell adhesion and proliferation. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was utilized to screen for inducers of the CYR61 gene in prostatic cells. Finally, the effects of an anti-sense oligonucleotide, which could reduce the production of CYR61, on the morphology and growth of prostatic cells were also examined.', 'Recombinant CYR61 protein promotes prostatic cell adhesion and proliferation. The mRNA for CYR61, a growth factor-inducible immediate early gene, was markedly induced by fetal bovine serum (FBS) within 1 hr, and strongly induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta) for at least 19 hr following stimulation. The suppression of CYR61 production with an anti-sense oligonucleotide causes obvious morphological changes of prostatic cells. Furthermore, we have shown that CYR61 is necessary, at least in part, for FBS-induced prostatic cell proliferation, because dramatic inhibition of cellular growth was caused by the suppression of CYR61 production with the addition of the anti-sense oligonucleotide before FBS stimulation.

Ex Output:

0