Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Bariatric surgery not only elicits weight loss but also rapidly resolves diabetes. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. The present study investigates how diabetes and liver steatosis are improved after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) compared with a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog and correlations between bile acids and GLP-1 secretion.', 'We initially determined the effects of bile acids on GLP-1 in vitro and then assigned 12 male 16-week-old Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats to groups that underwent DJB, a sham operation, or were treated with the GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide (n\u2009=\u20094 each). Blood glucose, insulin, GLP-1, serum bile acids, liver steatosis, and the number of GLP-1 positive cells (L cells) in the small intestine and colon were investigated in the three groups at eight weeks postoperatively.', 'Levels of GLP-1mRNA were upregulated and GLP-1 secretion increased in cells incubated with bile acids in vitro. Weight gain was suppressed more in the DJB than in the sham group in vivo. Diabetes was more improved and GLP-1 levels were significantly higher in the DJB than in the sham group. Serum bile acids were significantly increased, the number of L cells in the ileum was upregulated compared with the sham group, and liver steatosis was significantly improved in the DJB compared with the other two groups.

Output: Does duodenal-jejunal bypass improve diabetes and liver steatosis via enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 elicited by bile acids?


Input: Consider Input: Bilateral lower extremity venous duplex scanning for acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has been advocated because of the high incidence of occult contralateral leg involvement. We investigated the clinical necessity of such a policy.', 'The results from 2996 venous duplex studies performed during the past 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 1694 of these scans were performed on patients with symptoms, of whom 248 (15%) were found to have an acute DVT. Symptoms were limited to one side in 198 patients, whereas bilateral complaints were noted in 50 patients.', 'Among the patients with symptoms of acute DVT, 72 (29%) had bilateral involvement. Bilaterality was more likely in patients with bilateral symptoms than in those with only unilateral symptoms (56% vs 22%; p < 0.005). Of the patients with unilateral symptoms and bilateral DVT, all of them had either acute (80%) or acute and chronic (20%) thrombosis in the symptomatic leg. The contralateral asymptomatic limb had fewer acute and more chronic DVT (41% and 55%, respectively). No patient from the entire group admitted with symptoms had an acute DVT in the asymptomatic limb without a concomitant acute DVT in the symptomatic leg. Unilateral scanning would decrease the examination time by 21% and potentially increase total reimbursement for symptomatic venous scans by 9% compared with routine bilateral duplex scanning.

Output: Is contralateral duplex scanning for deep venous thrombosis unnecessary in patients with symptoms?


Input: Consider Input: Barrett's esophagus (BE) increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We found the risk to be BE has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 6p21 (within the HLA region) and on 16q23, where the closest protein-coding gene is FOXF1. Subsequently, the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON) identified risk loci for BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma near CRTC1 and BARX1, and within 100 kb of FOXP1. We aimed to identify further SNPs that increased BE risk and to validate previously reported associations.", 'We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify variants associated with BE and further analyzed promising variants identified by BEACON by genotyping 10,158 patients with BE and 21,062 controls.', 'We identified 2 SNPs not previously associated with BE: rs3072 (2p24.1; odds ratio [OR] = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09-1.18; P = 1.8 × 10(-11)) and rs2701108 (12q24.21; OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86-0.93; P = 7.5 × 10(-9)). The closest protein-coding genes were respectively GDF7 (rs3072), which encodes a ligand in the bone morphogenetic protein pathway, and TBX5 (rs2701108), which encodes a transcription factor that regulates esophageal and cardiac development. Our data also supported in BE cases 3 risk SNPs identified by BEACON (rs2687201, rs11789015, and rs10423674). Meta-analysis of all data identified another SNP associated with BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma: rs3784262, within ALDH1A2 (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87-0.93; P = 3.72 × 10(-9)).


Output: Are polymorphisms near TBX5 and GDF7 associated with increased risk for Barrett 's esophagus?