TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
PROBLEM: Background. One health is a concept that was officially adopted by international organizations and scholarly bodies in 1984. It is the notion of combining human, animal, and environmental components to address global health challenges that have an ecological interconnectedness. Methods. A cross-sectional study of the available literature cited was conducted from January 1984 when the one health concept was adopted till December 2012 to examine the role of the one health approach towards zoonoses. Inclusion criteria included publications, professional presentations, funding allocations, official documentation books, and book chapters, and exclusion criteria included those citations written outside the period of review. Results. A total of 737 resources met the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. Resources showed a continuous upward trend for the years from 2006 to 2012. The predominant resources were journal publications with environmental health as the significant scope focus for one health. There was also an emphasis on the distribution of the work from developed countries. All categories of years, resources, scopes, and country locale differed from the means ( = 0.000). Year of initiative, scope, and country locale showed a dependent relationship ( = 0.022, = 0.003, and = 0.021, resp.). Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate the rapid growth in embracing the concept of one health, particularly in developed countries over the past six years. The advantages and benefits of this approach in tackling zoonoses are manifold, yet they are still not seemingly being embraced in developing countries where zoonoses have the greatest impact.

SOLUTION: Zoonoses and One Health: A Review of the Literature

PROBLEM: The infection of a novel coronavirus found in Wuhan of China (2019-nCoV) is rapidly spreading, and the incidence rate is increasing worldwide. Due to the lack of effective treatment options for 2019-nCoV, various strategies are being tested in China, including drug repurposing. In this study, we used our pretrained deep learning-based drug-target interaction model called Molecule Transformer-Drug Target Interaction (MT-DTI) to identify commercially available drugs that could act on viral proteins of 2019-nCoV. The result showed that atazanavir, an antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is the best chemical compound, showing a inhibitory potency with Kd of 94.94 nM against the 2019-nCoV 3C-like proteinase, followed by efavirenz (199.17 nM), ritonavir (204.05 nM), and dolutegravir (336.91 nM). Interestingly, lopinavir, ritonavir, and darunavir are all designed to target viral proteinases. However, in our prediction, they may also bind to the replication complex components of 2019-nCoV with an inhibitory potency with Kd < 1000 nM. In addition, we also found that several antiviral agents, such as Kaletra, could be used for the treatment of 2019-nCoV, although there is no real-world evidence supporting the prediction. Overall, we suggest that the list of antiviral drugs identified by the MT-DTI model should be considered, when establishing effective treatment strategies for 2019-nCoV.

SOLUTION: China through a drug-target interaction deep learning model

PROBLEM: Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of caffeine citrate in the treatment of apnea in bronchiolitis. Study design Eligible infants aged #4 months presenting to the main pediatric emergency service with apnea associated bronchiolitis were stratified by gestational age (<34 weeks or longer) and randomized to receive a single dose of intravenous 25 mg/kg caffeine citrate or saline placebo. The primary efficacy outcome was a 24-hour apnea-free period beginning after completion of the blinded study drug infusion. Secondary outcomes were frequency of apnea by 24, 48, and 72 hours after study medication, need for noninvasive/invasive ventilation, and length of stay in the hospital's pediatric intensive care/step-down unit. Results A total of 90 infants diagnosed with viral bronchiolitis associated with apnea (median age, 38 days) were enrolled. The rate of respiratory virus panel positivity was similar in the 2 groups (78% for the placebo group vs 84% for the caffeine group). The geometric mean duration to a 24-hour apnea-free period was 28.1 hours (95% CI, 25.6-32.3 hours) for the caffeine group and 29.1 hours (95% CI, 25.7-32.9 hours) for the placebo group (P = .88; OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.83-1.17). The frequency of apnea at 24 hours, 24-48 hours, and 48-72 hours after enrollment and the need for noninvasive and invasive ventilation were similar in the 2 groups. No safety issues were reported. Conclusions A single dose of caffeine citrate did not significantly reduce apnea episodes associated with bronchiolitis. (J Pediatr 2016;177:204-11). Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01435486. V iral bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants, leading to 15 hospitalizations per 1000 person-years. Of these, 1.6% to 4% are admitted with apnea. 1-4 Bronchiolitis-associated apnea, a subset of apnea associated with respiratory viruses, appears to be a mixed central and obstructive apnea resulting from a complex interplay of respiratory drive suppression and airway secretions driven by a hyperactive laryngochemoreflex, somnogenic cytokines, and in some cases by virus-specific respiratory suppressant surface proteins. [5] [6] [7] Caffeine is a standard treatment for apnea of prematurity 8,9 and postextubation apnea in preterm infants, 10 and has been used to ameliorate apnea complicating bronchiolitis on the basis of case reports and observational studies. 11-17 Caffeine increases central respiratory drive and chemoreceptor sensitivity to CO 2 and improves skeletal muscle contractions, reducing diaphragm fatigue and leading to better ventilation. 18 Increased metabolic demand, diuresis, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, feeding intolerance, reduced weight gain, and seizures are the reported short-term side effect of caffeine. 19 Although evidence from prospective studies for caffeine used to treat apnea in bronchiolitis is lacking, the drug is commonly used in an attempt to avoid intubation and is considered a standard of care in some institutions. 11,17,20 Thus, we compared blinded intravenous caffeine citrate with placebo for shortening the time to resolution of acute bronchiolitis-associated apnea.

SOLUTION:
Caffeine for the Treatment of Apnea in Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Trial