In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Ex Input:
In 1999, McIlroy created an adversary for this algorithm that guarantees that it will run in worst-case time. Its worst-case runtime can be avoided by switching to heapsort after a certain recursion depth, a construction known as introsort. Like mergesort, it is easily parallelizable, and its runtime can be decreased by first selecting the median of the unsorted input list. It was invented by C.A.R. Hoare, and its second phase is the partition function, which splits the original list into lists of elements that are greater or less than the chosen pivot value. For 10 points, identify this divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm which runs in big O of n log n time, named for its speed.

Ex Output:
Science


Ex Input:
One disorder involving this organelle is caused by a mutation in E325K on the NAGA gene, called Schindler disease. One method of transporting molecules to it involves an hsc70-containing chaperone complex. Another disorder results in enzyme transport to the extracellular space rather than this organelle and is called I-cell disease. Proteins are marked for this structure with mannose-6-phosphate, and proton pump activity in this organelle maintains the acidic pH necessary for its primary function. One genetic defect results in ganglioside buildup in this organelle and thus causes Tay-Sachs disease. For 10 points, identify this cellular organelle that breaks down macromolecules with the aid of acid hydrolases.

Ex Output:
Science


Ex Input:
One form of this phenomenon can be modeled by the Cornu Spiral, a parametric plot of two integrals of arc length. The Rayleigh Criterion limits the resolution of images produced by this phenomenon when light goes through a circular (*) aperture. Airy Disks and Newton's Rings are patterns formed by light undergoing this phenomenon, which has near-field and far-field types named for, respectively, Fresnel (fruh-NELL) and Fraunhofer (FRAUN-hoff-er). For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which light bends upon encountering a small obstacle.

Ex Output:

Science