Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

To determine whether a common peer assessment instrument can assess competencies across internal medicine, pediatrics, and psychiatry specialties.', "A common 36 item peer survey assessed psychiatry (n = 101), pediatrics (n = 100), and internal medicine (n = 103) specialists. Cronbach's alpha and generalizability analysis were used to assess reliability and factor analysis to address validity.", "A total of 2,306 (94.8% response rate) surveys were analyzed. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was.98. The generalizabililty coefficient (mean of 7.6 raters) produced an Ep(2) =.83. Four factors emerged with a similar pattern of relative importance for pediatricians and internal medicine specialists whose first factor was patient management. Communication was the first factor for psychiatrists.
Do an examination of the appropriateness of using a common peer assessment instrument to assess physician skills across specialties?

Gastrin and pepsinogens reflect the functional state of the gastric mucosa.', 'To evaluate whether serum gastrin and pepsinogens correlate with the different grades of severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).', "In all, 388 patients with heartburn not taking any form of acid suppressive therapy were matched-controlled for age and gender and sub-classified into four groups: group 1 non-erosive reflux disease (NERD); group 2, erosive reflux disease (ERD) Los Angeles (LA) A and B, group 3, ERD LA C and D; group 4 Barrett's oesophagus (BO). Fasting serum was analysed for gastrin 17, pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II und Helicobacter pylori using specific EIA tests (GastroPanel; Biohit, Plc).", 'Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance.', 'There was a significant difference among the four groups with respect for pepsinogen I, but not for pepsinogen II, the pepsinogen I pepsinogen II ratio, H. pylori serology and gastrin levels. Pepsinogen I was the lowest in NERD and the highest in BO (median 91.6, mean +/- standard deviation 106.2 +/- 51.6 vs. median 114.7, mean +/- standard deviation 130.4 +/- 70.6; P = 0.046). Pepsinogen I levels were higher in H. pylori positive subjects. After adjusting for H. pylori status, the differences in pepsinogen I across patient groups were no longer statistically significant (P = 0.298).
Do serum gastrin and pepsinogens correlate with the different grades of severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease : a matched case-control study?

In contrast to middle cerebral artery territory strokes, anterior cerebral artery strokes (ACAS) occur rarely. The low frequency of ACAS, in relation to middle cerebral artery territory strokes, may be explained by differences in ACA and middle cerebral artery anatomy influencing their respective flow-directed embolism rates. We aimed to determine whether variability in ACA anatomy, and in particular A1 segment diameter, is associated with embolic ACAS.', 'Consecutive patients admitted to Boston Medical Center with embolic ACAS were reviewed. Ipsilateral and contralateral A1 diameters, M1 diameters, and terminal internal carotid artery bifurcation angles were measured from computed tomographic angiography and MRI angiography images. We compared these measurements between cases of ACAS and consecutive cases of embolic middle cerebral artery territory strokes.', 'The study comprised 55 individuals (27 ACAS, 28 middle cerebral artery territory strokes) with mean age of 69 years. In multivariate regression analysis, larger ipsilateral A1 diameters (odds ratio per 1 mm increment: 8.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-53.3) and ipsilateral A1/M1 diameter ratio (odds ratio per 10% increment: 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.9) were associated with ACAS, whereas larger ipsilateral M1 diameters was protective for ACAS (odds ratio per 1 mm increment: 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.0-0.9).

Does larger A1/M1 diameter ratio predict embolic anterior cerebral artery territorial stroke?