TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Comprehensive Immunosuppressive Drug 
Coverage for Kidney Transplant Patients Act of 2011''.

SEC. 2. EXTENDED MONTHS OF COVERAGE OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUGS FOR 
              KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PATIENTS AND OTHER RENAL DIALYSIS 
              PROVISIONS.

    (a) Medicare Entitlement to Immunosuppressive Drugs for Kidney 
Transplant Recipients.--
            (1) Kidney transplant recipients.--Section 226A(b)(2) of 
        the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 426-1(b)(2)) is amended by 
        inserting ``(except for eligibility for enrollment under part B 
        solely for purposes of coverage of immunosuppressive drugs 
        described in section 1861(s)(2)(J))'' before ``, with the 
        thirty-sixth month''.
            (2) Individuals eligible only for coverage of 
        immunosuppressive drugs.--
                    (A) Section 1836 of the Social Security Act (42 
                U.S.C. 1395o) is amended--
                            (i) by striking ``Every'' and inserting 
                        ``(a) In General.--Every''; and
                            (ii) by inserting at the end the following 
                        new subsection:
    ``(b) Individuals Eligible for Immunosuppressive Drug Coverage.--
Beginning on January 1, 2012, every individual whose insurance benefits 
under part A have ended (whether before, on, or after such date) by 
reason of section 226A(b)(2) is eligible for enrollment in the 
insurance program established by this part solely for purposes of 
coverage of immunosuppressive drugs.''.
                    (B) Conforming amendment.--Sections 1837, 1838, and 
                1839 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395(p), 42 
                U.S.C. 1395(q), 42 U.S.C. 1395(r)) are each amended by 
                striking ``1836'' and inserting ``1836(a)'' each place 
                it appears.
            (3) Enrollment for individuals only eligible for coverage 
        of immunosuppressive drugs.--Section 1837 of the Social 
        Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395(p)) is amended by adding at the 
        end the following new subsection:
    ``(m)(1) Any individual who is eligible under section 1836(b) to 
enroll in the medical insurance program established under this part for 
purposes of coverage of immunosuppressive drugs may enroll only in such 
manner and form as may be prescribed by regulations, and only during an 
enrollment period described in this subsection.
    ``(2) An individual described in paragraph (1) may enroll beginning 
on the first day of the third month before the month in which the 
individual first satisfies section 1836(b).
    ``(3) An individual described in paragraph (1) whose entitlement 
for hospital insurance benefits under part A ends by reason of section 
226A(b)(2) on or after January 1, 2012, shall be deemed to have 
enrolled in the medical insurance program established by this part for 
purposes of coverage of immunosuppressive drugs.''.
            (4) Coverage period for individuals only eligible for 
        coverage of immunosuppressive drugs.--
                    (A) In general.--Section 1838 of the Social 
                Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395q) is amended by adding at 
                the end the following new subsection:
    ``(g) In the case of an individual described in section 1836(b), 
the following rules shall apply:
            ``(1) In the case of such an individual who is deemed to 
        have enrolled in part B for coverage of immunosuppressive drugs 
        under section 1837(m)(3), such individual's coverage period 
        shall begin on the first day of the month in which the 
        individual first satisfies section 1836(b).
            ``(2) In the case of such an individual who enrolls in part 
        B for coverage of immunosuppressive drugs under section 
        1837(m)(2), such individual's coverage period shall begin on 
        the first day of the month in which the individual first 
        satisfies section 1836(b) or the month following the month in 
        which the individual so enrolls, whichever is later.
            ``(3) The provisions of subsections (b) and (d) shall apply 
        with respect to an individual described in paragraph (1) or 
        (2).
            ``(4) In addition to the reasons for termination under 
        subsection (b), the coverage period of an individual described 
        in paragraph (1) or (2) shall end when the individual becomes 
        entitled to benefits under this title under section 226(a), 
        226(b), or 226A.''.
                    (B) Conforming amendments.--Section 1838(b) of the 
                Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395q(b)) is amended, in 
                the matter following paragraph (2), by adding ``or 
                section 1837(m)(3)'' after ``section 1837(f)'' each 
                place it appears.
            (5) Premiums for individuals only eligible for coverage of 
        immunosuppressive drugs.--Section 1839 of the Social Security 
        Act (42 U.S.C. 1395r) is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the 
                following new sentence: ``No increase in the premium 
                shall be effected for individuals who are enrolled 
                pursuant to section 1836(b) for coverage only of 
                immunosuppressive drugs.''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following new 
                subsection:
    ``(j) Determination of Premium for Individuals Only Eligible for 
Coverage of Immunosuppressive Drugs.--The Secretary shall, during 
September of each year, determine and promulgate a monthly premium rate 
for the succeeding calendar year for individuals who enroll only for 
the purpose of coverage of immunosuppressive drugs under section 
1836(b). Such premium shall be equal to 35 percent of the monthly 
actuarial rate for enrollees age 65 and over, determined according to 
paragraph (1), for that succeeding calendar year. The monthly premium 
of each individual enrolled for coverage of immunosuppressive drugs 
under section 1836(b) for each month shall be the amount promulgated in 
this subsection. Such amount shall be adjusted in accordance with 
subsections (c) and (f).''.
            (6) Government contribution.--Section 1844(a) of the Social 
        Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w(a)) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the 
                end and inserting ``; plus'';
                    (B) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
            ``(4) a Government contribution equal to the estimated 
        aggregate reduction in premiums payable under part B that 
        results from establishing the premium at 35 percent of the 
        actuarial rate under section 1839(j) instead of 50 percent of 
        the actuarial rate for individuals who enroll only for the 
        purpose of coverage of immunosuppressive drugs under section 
        1836(b).''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following flush 
                matter:
        ``The Government contribution under paragraph (4) shall be 
        treated as premiums payable and deposited for purposes of 
        subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1).''.
            (7) Extension of secondary payer requirements for esrd 
        beneficiaries eligible for coverage of immunosuppressive 
        drugs.--Section 1862(b)(1)(C) of the Social Security Act (42 
        U.S.C. 1395(y)(b)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the 
        following new sentence: ``With regard to immunosuppressive 
        drugs furnished to an individual who enrolls for the purpose of 
        coverage of immunosuppressive drugs under section 1836(b) on or 
        after January 1, 2012, this subparagraph shall apply without 
        regard to any time limitation, except that when such individual 
        becomes entitled to benefits under this title under sections 
        226(a) or 226(b), or entitled to or eligible for benefits under 
        this title under section 226A, the provisions of subparagraphs 
        (A) and (B), and the time limitations under this subparagraph, 
        respectively, shall apply.''.
            (8) Ensuring coverage under the medicare savings program.--
        Section 1905(p)(1)(A) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
        1396d(p)(1)(A)) is amended by inserting ``or an individual who 
        is enrolled under part B for the purpose of coverage of 
        immunosuppressive drugs under section 1836(b)'' after ``section 
        1818''.
            (9) Part d.--Section 1860D-1(a)(3)(A) of the Social 
        Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-101(a)(3)(A)) is amended by 
        inserting ``(but not including an individual enrolled solely 
        for coverage of immunosuppressive drugs under section 
        1836(b))'' before the period at the end.

SOLUTION: Comprehensive Immunosuppressive Drug Coverage for Kidney Transplant Patients Act of 2011 - Amends title II (Old Age, Survivors and Disability Benefits) (OASDI) of the Social Security Act (SSA) to extend the months of coverage of immunosuppressive drugs for kidney transplant patients.

Amends SSA title XVIII (Medicare) to make eligible for enrollment in Medicare part B (Supplementary Medical Insurance), solely for the purpose of such drug coverage, every individual whose insurance benefits under Medicare part A (Hospital Insurance) have ended by reason of a kidney transplant or the end of any requirement for a regular course of dialysis.

Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to determine a monthly premium rate for such individuals equal to 35% of the monthly actuarial rate for enrollees age 65 and over. Prescribes a formula for detemination of a government contribution to such a premium.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Security and Freedom Through 
Encryption (SAFE) Act''.

SEC. 2. SALE AND USE OF ENCRYPTION.

    (a) In General.--Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting after chapter 121 the following new chapter:

        ``CHAPTER 122--ENCRYPTED WIRE AND ELECTRONIC INFORMATION

``2801. Definitions.
``2802. Freedom to use encryption.
``2803. Freedom to sell encryption.
``2804. Prohibition on mandatory key escrow.
``2805. Unlawful use of encryption in furtherance of a criminal act.
``Sec. 2801. Definitions
    ``As used in this chapter--
            ``(1) the terms `person', `State', `wire communication', 
        `electronic communication', `investigative or law enforcement 
        officer', `judge of competent jurisdiction', and `electronic 
        storage' have the meanings given those terms in section 2510 of 
        this title;
            ``(2) the terms `encrypt' and `encryption' refer to the 
        scrambling of wire or electronic information using mathematical 
        formulas or algorithms in order to preserve the 
        confidentiality, integrity, or authenticity of, and prevent 
        unauthorized recipients from accessing or altering, such 
        information;
            ``(3) the term `key' means the variable information used in 
        a mathematical formula, code, or algorithm, or any component 
        thereof, used to decrypt wire or electronic information that 
        has been encrypted; and
            ``(4) the term `United States person' means--
                    ``(A) any United States citizen;
                    ``(B) any other person organized under the laws of 
                any State, the District of Columbia, or any 
                commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United 
                States; and
                    ``(C) any person organized under the laws of any 
                foreign country who is owned or controlled by 
                individuals or persons described in subparagraphs (A) 
                and (B).
``Sec. 2802. Freedom to use encryption
    ``Subject to section 2805, it shall be lawful for any person within 
any State, and for any United States person in a foreign country, to 
use any encryption, regardless of the encryption algorithm selected, 
encryption key length chosen, or implementation technique or medium 
used.
``Sec. 2803. Freedom to sell encryption
    ``Subject to section 2805, it shall be lawful for any person within 
any State to sell in interstate commerce any encryption, regardless of 
the encryption algorithm selected, encryption key length chosen, or 
implementation technique or medium used.
``Sec. 2804. Prohibition on mandatory key escrow
    ``(a) Prohibition.--No person in lawful possession of a key to 
encrypted information may be required by Federal or State law to 
relinquish to another person control of that key.
    ``(b) Exception for Access for Law Enforcement Purposes.--
Subsection (a) shall not affect the authority of any investigative or 
law enforcement officer, acting under any law in effect on the 
effective date of this chapter, to gain access to encrypted 
information.
``Sec. 2805. Unlawful use of encryption in furtherance of a criminal 
              act
    ``Any person who willfully uses encryption in furtherance of the 
commission of a criminal offense for which the person may be prosecuted 
in a court of competent jurisdiction--
            ``(1) in the case of a first offense under this section, 
        shall be imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or fined in the 
        amount set forth in this title, or both; and
            ``(2) in the case of a second or subsequent offense under 
        this section, shall be imprisoned for not more than 10 years, 
        or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of chapters for part I of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to chapter 33 the following new item:

``122. Encrypted wire and electronic information............    2801''.

SEC. 3. EXPORTS OF ENCRYPTION.

    (a) Amendment to Export Administration Act of 1979.--Section 17 of 
the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2416) is amended 
by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:
    ``(g) Computers and Related Equipment.--
            ``(1) General rule.--Subject to paragraphs (2), (3), and 
        (4), the Secretary shall have exclusive authority to control 
        exports of all computer hardware, software, and technology for 
        information security (including encryption), except that which 
        is specifically designed or modified for military use, 
        including command, control, and intelligence applications.
            ``(2) Items not requiring licenses.--No validated license 
        may be required, except pursuant to the Trading With The Enemy 
        Act or the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (but 
        only to the estent that the authority of such Act is not 
        exercised to extend controls imposed under this Act), for the 
        export or reexport of--
                    ``(A) any software, including software with 
                encryption capabilities--
                            ``(i) that is generally available, as is, 
                        and is designed for installation by the 
                        purchaser; or
                            ``(ii) that is in the public domain for 
                        which copyright or other protection is not 
                        available under title 17, United States Code, 
                        or that is available to the public because it 
                        is generally accessible to the interested 
                        public in any form; or
                    ``(B) any computing device solely because it 
                incorporates or employs in any form software (including 
                software with encryption capabilities) exempted from 
                any requirement for a validated license under 
                subparagraph (A).
            ``(3) Software with encryption capabilities.--The Secretary 
        shall authorize the export or reexport of software with 
        encryption capabilities for nonmilitary end-uses in any country 
        to which exports of software of similar capability are 
        permitted for use by financial institutions not controlled in 
        fact by United States persons, unless there is substantial 
        evidence that such software will be--
                    ``(A) diverted to a military end-use or an end-use 
                supporting international terrorism;
                    ``(B) modified for military or terrorist end-use; 
                or
                    ``(C) reexported without any authorization by the 
                United States that may be required under this Act.
            ``(4) Hardware with encryption capabilities.--The Secretary 
        shall authorize the export or reexport of computer hardware 
        with encryption capabilities if the Secretary determines that a 
        product offering comparable security is commercially available 
        outside the United States from a foreign supplier, without 
        effective restrictions.
            ``(5) Definitions.--As used in this subsection--
                    ``(A) the term `encryption' means the scrambling of 
                wire or electronic information using mathematical 
                formulas or algorithms in order to preserve the 
                confidentiality, integrity, or authenticity of, and 
                prevent unauthorized recipients from accessing or 
                altering, such information;
                    ``(B) the term `generally available' means, in the 
                case of software (including software with encryption 
                capabilities), software that is offered for sale, 
                license, or transfer to any person without restriction, 
                whether or not for consideration, including, but not 
                limited to, over-the-counter retail sales, mail order 
                transactions, phone order transactions, electronic 
                distribution, or sale on approval;
                    ``(C) the term `as is' means, in the case of 
                software (including software with encryption 
                capabilities), a software program that is not designed, 
                developed, or tailored by the software publisher for 
                specific purchasers, except that such purchasers may 
                supply certain installation parameters needed by the 
                software program to function properly with the 
                purchaser's system and may customize the software 
                program by choosing among options contained in the 
                software program;
                    ``(D) the term `is designed for installation by the 
                purchaser' means, in the case of software (including 
                software with encryption capabilities) that--
                            ``(i) the software publisher intends for 
                        the purchaser (including any licensee or 
                        transferee), who may not be the actual program 
                        user, to install the software program on a 
                        computing device and has supplied the necessary 
                        instructions to do so, except that the 
                        publisher may also provide telephone help line 
                        services for software installation, electronic 
                        transmission, or basic operations; and
                            ``(ii) the software program is designed for 
                        installation by the purchaser without further 
                        substantial support by the supplier;
                    ``(E) the term `computing device' means a device 
                which incorporates one or more microprocessor-based 
                central processing units that can accept, store, 
                process, or provide output of data; and
                    ``(F) the term `computer hardware', when used in 
                conjunction with information security, includes, but is 
                not limited to, computer systems, equipment, 
                application-specific assemblies, modules, and 
                integrated circuits.''.
    (b) Continuation of Export Administration Act.--For purposes of 
carrying out the amendment made by subsection (a), the Export 
Administration Act of 1979 shall be deemed to be in effect.

SOLUTION: Security and Freedom Through Encryption (SAFE) Act - Amends the Federal criminal code to permit any person within any State, and any U.S. person in a foreign country, to use any encryption regardless of the encryption algorithm selected, encryption key length chosen, or implementation technique or medium used, with an exception for the unlawful use of encryption in furtherance of a criminal act. 
Allows any person within any State to sell in interstate commerce any encryption. 
Specifies that no person in lawful possession of a key to encrypted information may be required by Federal or State law to relinquish to another person control of that key, with an exception for access for law enforcement purposes. 
Sets penalties for the willful use of encryption in furtherance of the commission of a criminal offense. 
(Sec. 3) Amends the Export Administration Act of 1979 to grant the Secretary of Commerce exclusive authority to control exports of all hardware, software, and technology for information security (including encryption), except that which is specifically designed or modified for military use. 
Prohibits requiring any validated license (with limited exceptions pursuant to the Trading With The Enemy Act or the International Emergency Economic Powers Act) for the export or reexport of any:  (1) software, including software with encryption capabilities that is generally available as is and that is designed for installation by the purchaser, or that is in the public domain for which copyright or other protection is not available or is available to the public because it is generally accessible to the public in any form; or (2) computing device solely because it incorporates or employs in any form software (including software with encryption capabilities) exempted from any requirement for a validated license under this section. 
Directs the Secretary to authorize the export or reexport of:  (1) software with encryption capabilities for nonmilitary end-uses in any country to which exports of software of similar capability are permitted for use by financial institutions not controlled in fact by U.S. persons, unless there is substantial evidence that such software will be diverted to a military end-use or an end-use supporting international terrorism, modified for military or terrorist end-use, or reexported without any U.S. authorization that may be required under the Act; and (2) computer hardware with encryption capabilities if the Secretary determines that a product offering comparable security is commercially available outside the United States from a foreign supplier without effective restrictions.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Railroad Safety and Positive Train 
Control Extension Act''.

SEC. 2. IMPLEMENTATION DEADLINE.

    (a) Technology Implementation Plan.--Section 20156(e)(4) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
            ``(4) Positive train control.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as required by section 
                20157 (relating to the requirements for implementation 
                of positive train control systems), the Secretary shall 
                ensure that each railroad carrier's technology 
                implementation plan required under paragraph (1) that 
                includes a schedule for implementation of a positive 
                train control system complies with that schedule.
                    ``(B) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this 
                section shall be construed as requiring the 
                installation of positive train control on railroad 
                tracks if--
                            ``(i) positive train control is not 
                        required on those tracks under section 20157; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) the railroad does not choose to 
                        implement positive train control as a 
                        technology on those tracks under this 
                        section.''.
    (b) Extension of Deadline.--Section 20157 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)--
                    (A) by striking ``Not later than 18 months after 
                the date of enactment of the Rail Safety Improvement 
                Act of 2008, each'' and inserting ``Each''; and
                    (B) by striking ``by December 31, 2015'' and 
                inserting ``by December 31, 2020''; and
            (2) in subsection (a)(1)(B), by striking ``transported'' 
        and inserting ``transported on or after December 31, 2015''.

SEC. 3. AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION TO EXTEND 
              IMPLEMENTATION DEADLINE.

    (a) In General.--Section 20157 of title 49, United States Code, as 
amended by section 2(b) of this Act, is further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1), by striking ``Each Class I'' and 
        inserting ``Except as provided under subsection (i), each Class 
        I'';
            (2) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (j); and
            (3) by inserting before subsection (j), as redesignated, 
        the following:
    ``(i) Implementation Extensions.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may extend in 1-year 
        increments, upon application, the deadline for implementing a 
        positive train control system under subsection (a)(1) for an 
        applicant, if the Secretary determines that--
                    ``(A) full implementation will likely be infeasible 
                due to circumstances beyond the control of the 
                applicant, including funding availability, spectrum 
                acquisition, resource and technology availability, 
                software development and testing, availability of 
                alternate risk reduction strategies, and 
                interoperability standards;
                    ``(B) the applicant has demonstrated good faith in 
                its positive train control system implementation;
                    ``(C) the applicant has presented a revised plan 
                for implementing a positive train control system 
                indicating how the applicant will fully implement a 
                positive train control system as soon as feasible, but 
                not later than December 31, 2022; and
                    ``(D) the extension will not extend later than 
                December 31, 2022.
            ``(2) Considerations.--In making a determination under 
        paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider--
                    ``(A) whether the affected areas of track have been 
                identified as areas of greater risk to the public and 
                railroad employees in the applicant's positive train 
                control implementation plan under section 
                236.1011(a)(4) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations 
                (relating to PTC Implementation Plan content 
                requirements); and
                    ``(B) the risk of operational failure to the 
                affected service areas and the applicant.
            ``(3) Review.--Not later than 10 days after the Secretary 
        receives an application under paragraph (1), the Secretary 
        shall review and approve or disapprove the application.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 20156(e)(2) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ``as defined in section 20157(i)'' 
and inserting ``as defined in section 20157(j)''.

SEC. 4. EQUIPPING LOCOMOTIVES OPERATING IN POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL 
              TERRITORY.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of Transportation shall revise section 
236.1006(b)(4)(iii)(B) of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations 
(relating to equipping locomotives operating in PTC territory) to 
extend each deadline 5 years.

SOLUTION:
Railroad Safety and Positive Train Control Extension Act - Revises the railroad safety risk reduction program. Extends from December 31, 2015, to December 31, 2020, the deadline for submission to the Secretary of Transportation (DOT) by each Class I railroad carrier and each entity providing regularly scheduled intercity or commuter rail passenger transportation of a plan for implementing a positive train control (PTC) system on certain of its tracks. Authorizes the Secretary to extend the implementation deadline, upon application, in one-year increments, if specified circumstances exist.  Directs the Secretary to revise federal regulations requiring a Class II or III railroad (including a tourist or excursion railroad) to equip its locomotives with an onboard PTC system to operate in PTC territory. Extends for five years the time for such railroad to meet the deadline for equipping its locomotives with a PTC system.