Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Context: Kisspeptin and naloxone stimulate the reproductive axis while morphine inhibits its function. We have investigated the effect of central injection of kisspeptin-10 on mean plasma testosterone concentration in morphine or naloxone pretreated rats.', 'In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats that were divid- ed into 12 groups (n=5 per group) received saline, kisspeptin (1 nmol, ICV), naloxone (2 mg/kg, subcutaneously), morphine (5 or 10 mg/kg, sc) or co-administrations of kisspeptin, morphine and naloxone at 09:00 - 09:30. In the co-administrated groups, kisspeptin was injected 15 minutes following morphine or naloxone injections. Blood samples were collected 60 minutes following injections via the tail vein. Plasma testosterone concentration was measured by a rat testosterone ELISA kit.', 'Central injection of kisspeptin or subcutaneous injection of naloxone significantly increased the mean plasma testosterone concentration compared to saline while subcutaneous injections of different doses of morphine (5 or 10 mg/kg) significantly decreased testosterone compared to saline. The results revealed that morphine significantly attenuated the testosterone increase after kisspeptin injection compared to kisspeptin while a stimulatory additive effect was observed in the kisspeptin/naloxone group compared to either naloxone or kisspeptin.
Answer: Morphine and kisspeptin systems may interact with each other to control the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.

A: Does morphine attenuate testosterone response to central injection of kisspeptin in male rats?
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Q: Context: The authors previously described the complete regression of established neuroblastoma (NB) by the adoptive transfer of syngeneic interleukin-12 transduced dendritic cells (DC) from naive mice. However, some malignancies, like NB, abrogate DC immunostimulation. The authors hypothesize that IL-12 transduction of DC from NB-bearing mice will have the same antitumor properties.', 'A/J mice (n = 32) with established NB received peritumoral injection of 1 x 10(6) DC (DC, IL-12 DC, day 7 IL-12 DC or day 14 IL-12 DC) on day 7. Tumor growth, phenotype, and ability to induce NK and T cell activity were measured.', 'Vaccination with naive admIL-12 DC resulted in 100% tumor regression and prolonged survival. Transduced DC induced only partial responses in 75% (day 7) and 25% (day 14) of animals. No differences in phenotype or effector cell activation were noted between admIL-12DC in tumor-bearing or naive mice.
Answer: IL-12 DC from tumor-bearing animals have a decreased ability to induce antitumor activity against established murine NB. This decreased capacity appears to be related to the duration of exposure to tumor because day 14 transduced DC had less of an effect than day 7 DC, despite similar phenotypes and ability to activate immune effector cells.

A: Does advanced neuroblastoma impair dendritic cell function in adoptive immunotherapy?
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Q: Context: Current diagnostic tests for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) do not consistently measure chronicity of reflux. Mucosal impedance (MI) is a minimally invasive measurement to assess esophageal conductivity changes due to GERD. We aimed to investigate MI pattern in patients with symptoms of extraesophageal reflux (EER) in a prospective longitudinal cohort study.', 'Patients with potential symptoms of EER undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with wireless pH monitoring were studied. Participants included those with erosive esophagitis (E+), normal EGD/abnormal pH (E-/pH+), and normal EGD/normal pH (E-/pH-). MI was measured from the site of injury in patients with E+, as well as at 2, 5, and 10 cm above the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ) in all participants.', 'Forty-one patients with symptoms of EER were studied. MI measurements at 2\u2009cm above the SCJ were significantly (P\u2009=\u20090.04) different among the three groups, with MI lowest for E+ and greatest for E-/pH- patients. Although not statistically significant, there is a graded increase in median (interquartile range) MI axially along the esophagus at 5\u2009cm (P\u2009=\u20090.20) and at 10\u2009cm (P\u2009=\u20090.27) above the SCJ, with those with reflux (E+ and E-/pH+) having a lower MI than those without.
Answer: Patients with symptoms of EER and evidence of acid reflux have an MI lower than those without at 2 cm above the SCJ, with a trend at 5 cm and 10 cm as well. MI may be a tool to assess presence of GERD in patients presenting with EER symptoms.

A:
Is esophageal Mucosal Impedance Pattern Distinct in Patients With Extraesophageal Reflux Symptoms and Pathologic Acid Reflux?
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