In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).

[Q]: Context: Earl Kenneth Hines, universally known as Earl "Fatha" Hines (December 28, 1903  April 22, 1983), was an American jazz pianist and bandleader. He was one of the most influential figures in the development of jazz piano and, according to one major source, is "one of a small number of pianists whose playing shaped the history of jazz"., A bandleader is the leader of a music group such as a rock or pop group or jazz quartet. The term is most commonly, though not exclusively, used with a group that plays popular music as a small combo or a big band, such as one which plays jazz, blues, rhythm and blues or rock and roll music. Most bandleaders are also performers with their own band, either as singers or as instrumentalists, playing an instrument such as electric guitar, piano, or other instruments., Phil Napoleon (2 September 1901  1 October 1990), born Filippo Napoli, was an early jazz trumpeter and bandleader born in Boston, Massachusetts. Ron Wynn notes that Napoleon "was a competent, though unimaginative trumpeter whose greatest value was the many recording sessions he led that helped increase jazz's popularity in the mid-'20s." Richard Cook and Brian Morton, writing for "The Penguin Guide to Jazz", refer to Napoleon as "a genuine pioneer" whose playing was "profoundly influential on men such as Red Nichols and Bix Beiderbecke.", Marty Napoleon (June 2, 1921  April 27, 2015) was an American jazz pianist born in Brooklyn, New York, perhaps best known for having replaced Earl Hines in Louis Armstrong's All Stars in 1952. In 1946 he worked with Gene Krupa and went on to work with his uncle Phil Napoleon, a trumpeter, in Phil's Original Memphis Five. In the 1950s he also worked with his brother Teddy Napoleon, a pianist, and from 1966 to 1971 he performed with Armstrong again., Teddy Napoleon ( January 23 , 1914 - July 5 , 1964 ) was an American swing jazz pianist . He was the nephew of Phil Napoleon and the older brother of Marty Napoleon . Teddy Napoleon 's first professional engagement was with Lee Castle in 1933 . He played with Tommy Tompkins for several years before working as a freelance musician in New York City . In the 1940s he played in several big bands , including those of Johnny Messner and Bob Chester , before signing up with Gene Krupa in 1944 . He would work under Krupa intermittently for the next fourteen years , including on many of Krupa 's big band releases in the 1940s and in his trio settings with Charlie Ventura . He also spent time working with Flip Phillips , Bill Harris , and Eddie Shu . Napoleon moved to Florida in 1959 and led his own trio there , though he never recorded as a leader ., Subject: teddy napoleon, Relation: instrument, Options: (A) electric guitar (B) jazz piano (C) piano
[A]: piano


[Q]: Context: Gay is a term that primarily refers to a homosexual person or the trait of being homosexual. The term was originally used to mean "carefree", "happy", or "bright and showy"., The Violet Quill (or the Violet Quill Club) was a group of seven gay male writers that met in 1980 and 1981 in New York City to read from their writings to each other and to critique them. This group and the writers epitomize the years between the Stonewall Riots and the beginning of the AIDS pandemic., Andrew Holleran is the pseudonym of Eric Garber ( born 1944 ) , a novelist , essayist , and short story writer . He is a prominent novelist of post-Stonewall gay literature . He was a member of The Violet Quill , a gay writer 's group that met briefly from 1980 - 81 . The Violet Quill included other prolific gay writers like Edmund White and Felice Picano . Garber , who has historically been very protective of his privacy , uses `` Andrew Holleran '' as his pseudonym . Dancer from the Dance , his first novel , was published in 1978 . Its narrative takes place among the discotheques of New York City and Fire Island , although it is Fire Island , with its literal distance from the mainland , that provides a pivotal backdrop for the novel . Dancer shares many of its locales , as well as its themes , with Faggots , Larry Kramer 's novel , published in the same year . Holleran 's second novel was Nights in Aruba ( 1983 ) , and his third is titled The Beauty of Men ( 1996 ) . The Beauty of Men takes place in central Florida where the main character , a 47 - year - old gay man , has gone to take care of his quadriplegic mother . Holleran 's Grief : a Novel received the 2007 Stonewall Book Award . For a number of years Holleran taught creative writing at American University in Washington , DC , and he continues to publish short fiction in gay short story collections like M2M : New Literary Fiction and frequently publishes articles in The Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide He received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement from Publishing Triangle in 2007 . He graduated from Harvard College in 1965 ., Felice Picano (born 1944) is an American writer, publisher, and critic who has encouraged the development of gay literature in the United States. His work is documented in many sources., The Beautiful Room Is Empty is a 1988 semi-autobiographical novel by Edmund White. 
It is the second of a trilogy of novels, being preceded by "A Boy's Own Story" (1982) and followed by "The Farewell Symphony" (1997). It depicts the adolescence and early adulthood of its protagonist, and documents his experience of homosexuality in the 1950s and 1960s, ending with the Stonewall Riots of 1969., The Joy of Gay Sex is a sex manual for men who have sex with men by Charles Silverstein and Edmund White. The book was first published in 1977., The Stonewall riots (also referred to as the Stonewall uprising or the Stonewall rebellion) were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay (LGBT) community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn, located in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. They are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States., Edmund Valentine White III (born January 13, 1940) is an American novelist, memoirist, and an essayist on literary and social topics. Much of his writing is on the theme of same-sex love. Probably his best-known books are "The Joy of Gay Sex" (1977) (written with Charles Silverstein), his trio of autobiographic novels, "A Boy's Own Story" (1982), "The Beautiful Room Is Empty" (1988) and "The Farewell Symphony" (1997), and his biography of Jean Genet., Gay literature is a collective term for literature produced by or for the LGBT community which involves characters, plot lines, and/or themes portraying male homosexual behavior. The term is now used most commonly to cover specifically gay male literature, with a separate genre of lesbian literature existing for women. Historically, the term "gay literature" was sometimes used to cover both gay male and lesbian literatures., Charles Silverstein (born 1935) is an American writer, therapist and gay activist. , The Farewell Symphony is a 1997 semi-autobiographical novel by Edmund White. 
It is the third of a trilogy of novels, being preceded by "A Boy's Own Story" (1982) and "The Beautiful Room Is Empty" (1988). It depicts the later adulthood of its protagonist and documents his experience of homosexuality from the 1960s to the 1990s., Subject: andrew holleran, Relation: sexual_orientation, Options: (A) gay (B) homosexuality (C) lesbian
[A]: homosexuality


[Q]: Context: Pope Pius XII, born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (2 March 18769 October 1958), reigned as Pope from 2 March 1939 to his death in 1958. Before his election to the papacy, Pacelli served as secretary of the Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, papal nuncio to Germany (19171929), and Cardinal Secretary of State, in which capacity he worked to conclude treaties with European and Latin American nations, most notably the "Reichskonkordat" with Nazi Germany, with which most historians believe the Vatican sought to protect the Church in Germany while Adolf Hitler sought the destruction of "political Catholicism". A pre-war critic of Nazism, Pius XII lobbied world leaders to avoid war and, as Pope at the outbreak of war, issued "Summi Pontificatus", expressing dismay at the invasion of Poland, reiterating Church teaching against racial persecution and calling for love, compassion and charity to prevail over war., Summi Pontificatus is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII published on 20 October 1939. The encyclical is subtitled "On the Unity of Human Society." It was the first encyclical of Pius XII and was seen as setting "a tone" for his papacy. It critiques major errors at the time, such as ideologies of racism, cultural superiority and the totalitarian state. It also sets the theological framework for future encyclical letters, such as "Mystici corporis Christi" (1943). The encyclical laments the destruction of Poland, denounces the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and calls for a restoration of independent Poland., The pope (from "pappas", a child's word for "father") is the Bishop of Rome and, therefore, the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. The primacy of the Roman bishop is largely derived from his role as the traditional successor to Saint Peter, to whom Jesus is supposed to have given the keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the church would be built. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013, succeeding Benedict XVI., Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was governed by a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Under Hitler's rule, Germany was transformed into a fascist state in which the Nazi Party took totalitarian control over nearly all aspects of life. The official name of the state was "Deutsches Reich" from 1933 to 1943 and "Großdeutsches Reich" ("Greater German Reich") from 1943 to 1945. The period is also known under the names the Third Reich and the National Socialist Period (abbreviated as "NS-Zeit"). The Nazi regime came to an end after the Allied Powers defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe., Pope Paul VI, born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (26 September 1897  6 August 1978), reigned as Pope from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms, and fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestants, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. Montini served in the Vatican's Secretariat of State from 1922 to 1954. While in the Secretariat of State, Montini and Domenico Tardini were considered as the closest and most influential colleagues of Pope Pius XII, who in 1954 named him Archbishop of Milan, the largest Italian diocese. Montini later became the Secretary of the Italian Bishops Conference. John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after the death of John XXIII, Montini was considered one of his most likely successors., The Italian Renaissance was the earliest manifestation of the general European Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy during the 14th century and lasted until the 16th century, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. The term Renaissance is in essence a modern one that came into currency in the 19th century, in the work of historians such as Jules Michelet and Jacob Burckhardt. Although the origins of a movement that was confined largely to the literate culture of intellectual endeavor and patronage can be traced to the earlier part of the 14th century, many aspects of Italian culture and society remained largely Medieval; the Renaissance did not come into full swing until the end of the century. The French word "renaissance" ("Rinascimento" in Italian) means "Rebirth", and the era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of classical antiquity after the period that Renaissance humanists labeled the Dark Ages., Pope Pius XI, born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (31 May 1857  10 February 1939), reigned as Pope from 6 February 1922 to his death in 1939. He was the first sovereign of Vatican City from its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929. He took as his papal motto, "Pax Christi in Regno Christi," translated "The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ.", The Papal Basilica of St. Peter in the Vatican, or simply St. Peter's Basilica, is an Italian Renaissance church in Vatican City, the papal enclave within the city of Rome., The Second Vatican Ecumenical Council (more commonly known as the Second Vatican Council, or informally as Vatican II) addressed relations between the Catholic Church and the modern world. It was the twenty-first and most recent ecumenical council of the Catholic Church and the second to be held at St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. The council, through the Holy See, formally opened under the pontificate of Pope John XXIII on 11 October 1962 and closed under Pope Paul VI on the Feast of the Immaculate Conception on 8 December 1965., Pope Saint John XXIII (born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, ; 25 November 18813 June 1963) reigned as Pope from 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963 and was canonized on 27 April 2014. Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was the fourth of fourteen children born to a family of sharecroppers who lived in a village in Lombardy. He was ordained to the priesthood on 10 August 1904 and served in a number of posts, including papal nuncio in France and a delegate to Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey. In a consistory on 12 January 1953 Pope Pius XII made Roncalli a cardinal as the Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca in addition to naming him as the Patriarch of Venice., Domenico Tardini (29 February 1888  30 July 1961) was a longtime aide to Pope Pius XII in the Secretariat of State. Pope John XXIII named him Cardinal Secretary of State and, in this position the most prominent member of the Roman Curia in Vatican City., The Reichskonkordat ("Concordat between the Holy See and the German Reich") is a treaty negotiated between the Vatican and the emergent Nazi Germany. It was signed on 20 July 1933 by Cardinal Secretary of State (and later Pope Pius XII) Eugenio Pacelli on behalf of Pope Pius XI and Vice Chancellor Franz von Papen on behalf of President Paul von Hindenburg and the German government. It was ratified September 10, 1933 and it has been in force from that date right up until the current day. The treaty guarantees the rights of the Roman Catholic Church in Germany. When bishops take office Article 16 states they're required to take an oath of loyalty to the Governor or President of the German Reich established according to the constitution. The treaty also requires all clergy to abstain from working in and for political parties. Nazi breaches of the agreement began almost as soon as it had been signed and intensified afterwards leading to protest from the Church including in the 1937 "Mit brennender Sorge" encyclical of Pope Pius XI. The Nazis planned to eliminate the Church's influence by restricting its organizations to purely religious activities., Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889  30 April 1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party ("Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei"; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of the German Reich, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was central to the Holocaust., The Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope, commonly known as the Cardinal Secretary of State, presides over the Holy See Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia. The Secretariat of State performs all the political and diplomatic functions of the Holy See and the Vatican City., Vatican City , officially Vatican City State or the State of Vatican City, is a walled enclave within the city of Rome. With an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of 842, it is the smallest State in the world by both area and population, but formally it is not sovereign, sovereignty being held by the Holy See, the only entity of public international law that has diplomatic relations with almost every country in the world., Saint Peter 's tomb is a site under St. Peter 's Basilica that includes several graves and a structure said by Vatican authorities to have been built to memorialize the location of St. Peter 's grave . St. Peter 's tomb is near the west end of a complex of mausoleums that date between about AD 130 and AD 300 . The complex was partially torn down and filled with earth to provide a foundation for the building of the first St. Peter 's Basilica during the reign of Constantine I in about AD 330 . Though many bones have been found at the site of the 2nd - century shrine , as the result of two campaigns of archaeological excavation , Pope Pius XII stated in December 1950 that none could be confirmed to be Saint Peter 's with absolute certainty . Following the discovery of bones that had been transferred from a second tomb under the monument , on June 26 , 1968 Pope Paul VI claimed that the relics of St. Peter had been identified . The grave claimed by the Church to be that of St. Peter lies at the foot of the aedicula beneath the floor . The remains of four individuals and several farm animals were found in this grave . In 1953 , after the initial archeological efforts had been completed , another set of bones were found that were said to have been removed without the archeologists ' knowledge from a niche ( loculus ) in the north side of a wall ( the graffiti wall ) that abuts the red wall on the right of the aedicula . Subsequent testing indicated that these were the bones of a 60 - 70 - year - old man . Margherita Guarducci argued that these were the remains of St. Peter and that they had been moved into a niche in the graffiti wall from the grave under the aedicula `` at the time of Constantine , after the peace of the church '' ( 313 ) . Antonio Ferrua , the archaeologist who headed the excavation that uncovered what is known as St. Peter 's Tomb , said that he was n't convinced that the bones that were found were those of St. Peter . The upper image shows the area of the lower floor of St. Peter 's Basilica that lies above the site of St. Peter 's tomb . A portion of the aedicula that was part of St. Peter 's tomb rose above level of this floor and was made into the Niche of the Pallium which can be seen in the center of the image ., Rome is a city and special "comune" (named "Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and of the Lazio region. With 2,870,336 residents in , it is also the country's largest and most populated "comune" and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4.3 million residents. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of Tiber river. The Vatican City is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states. , Subject: saint peter's tomb, Relation: country, Options: (A) bulgaria (B) france (C) germany (D) greece (E) italy (F) lazio (G) lombardy (H) nazi germany (I) poland (J) vatican city (K) world (L) worldwide
[A]:
vatican city