Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: Context: The etiology of reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction after exercise, without obstructive coronary artery disease or other established causes, is unclear. The aims of this study were to determine whether patients undergoing treadmill stress echocardiography with this abnormal LV contractile response to exercise (LVCRE) without established causes have resting LV long-axis dysfunction or microvascular dysfunction and to determine associations with this abnormal LVCRE.', 'Of 5,275 consecutive patients undergoing treadmill stress echocardiography, 1,134 underwent cardiac computed tomography angiography or invasive angiography. Having excluded patients with obstructive coronary artery disease, hypertensive response, submaximal heart rate response, resting LV ejection fraction < 50%, and valvular disease, 110 with "abnormal LVCRE" and 212 with "normal LVCRE" were analyzed. Resting mitral annular velocities were measured to assess LV long-axis function. Myocardial blush grade and corrected Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction frame count were determined angiographically to assess microvascular function.', "Comparing normal LVCRE with abnormal LVCRE, age (mean, 59.7 ± 11.1 vs 61.4 ± 10.0 years), hypertension (53% vs 55%), diabetes (16% vs 20%), and body mass index (mean, 29.1 ± 5.4 vs 29.5 ± 6.4 kg/m(2)) were similar (P > .05). Abnormal LVCRE had reduced resting LV long-axis function with lower septal (mean, 6.1 ± 1.9 vs 7.7 ± 2.2 cm/sec) and lateral (mean, 8.1 ± 2.9 vs 10.4 ± 3.0 cm/sec) e' velocities (P < .001) and larger resting left atrial volumes (mean, 37.3 ± 10.1 vs 31.1 ± 7.2 mL/m(2), P < .001). On multivariate analysis, female gender (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.99; P < .001), exaggerated chronotropic response (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.09-2.05; P < .001), resting left atrial volume (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.63-3.47; P < .001), and resting lateral e' velocity (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.22-2.49; P = .003) were associated with abnormal LVCRE, but not myocardial blush grade or corrected Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction frame count.
Answer: An abnormal LVCRE in the absence of established causes is associated with resting LV long-axis dysfunction and is usually seen in women.
Example Output: Is abnormal left ventricular contractile response to exercise in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease associated with resting left ventricular long-axis dysfunction?

Example Input: Context: Lung adenocarcinomas are a heterogeneous set of diseases with distinct genetic and histologic characteristics. Besides the discovery of oncogenic mutations and introduction of the histologic classifications (2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society and 2015 WHO), increasing evidence has linked this intertumor heterogeneity\xa0to the lung lineage-specific pathways and lineage genes. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the gene expression of identified lung lineage genes to study their role in distinguishing lung adenocarcinoma diversities.', 'A total of 278 surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas were included. Each case was evaluated for genetic mutations and histologic classification. Lineage genes associated with respiratory tract differentiation (NK2 homeobox 1 gene [NKX2-1], GATA protein binding 6 gene [GATA6], foxhead box J1 gene [FOXJ1], and SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor gene [SPDEF]) and stem/basal-like status (inhibitor of DNA binding 2, HLH protein gene [ID2], POU class 5 homeobox 1 gene [POU5F1], SRY-box 2 gene [SOX2], and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog gene [MYC]) were selected. mRNA expression of these genes in each tumor sample was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and normalized to paired normal lung tissue.', 'Distinct lineage gene expressions were found on the basis of genetic and histologic diversities. Expression of NKX2-1, GATA6, FOXJ1, and POU5F1 exhibited a significant linear relationship across histologic subgroups that was independent of genetic mutation status. Expression levels of NKX2-1 and POU5F1 were also associated with EGFR mutation status, independent of histologic subtypes. Further analysis revealed that the overexpression of SPDEF defined longer relapse-free survivals, especially in stage I disease.
Answer: For the first time, we showed the unique lineage backgrounds of different histologic subtypes and oncogenic mutations. Assessing this added parameter might be beneficial in discriminating intertumor heterogeneity, advancing target exploration, developing theranostic/prognostic biomarkers, and designing clinical trials.
Example Output: Do the Histologic Classifications of Lung Adenocarcinomas Are Discriminable by Unique Lineage Backgrounds?

Example Input: Context: Previous studies have demonstrated that microRNA-21 (miR-21) is involved in the pathogenesis of myocardium infarction and cardiac fibrosis; the present study aimed to investigate its potential role in the diagnosis of acute myocardium infarction (AMI).', 'A cohort of patients with AMI and angina pectoris (AP) were studied, plasma miR-21 level was determined by Realtime-PCR.', 'We found that the plasma miR-21 level was significantly elevated in patients with AMI compared with those with AP or healthy people. Further studies demonstrated the correlation of miR-21 and several traditional markers such as creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and troponin I (cTnI) in study subjects. Finally, receiver-operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that miR-21 has similar diagnostic ability compared with CK, CK-MB and cTnI.
Answer: Plasma miR-21 may be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of AMI. Our study may also provide implications for the development of new biomarkers.
Example Output:
Is plasma microRNA-21 a potential diagnostic biomarker of acute myocardial infarction?