Given a document, find the main entity about whom the author is writing. Write the full name if mentioned in the text. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].

[EX Q]: It started when White read a news report that  Dr. Donald Cline  a retired Indianapolis fertility specialist   faced charges for lying when  he  denied  he 'd inseminated unwitting patients with  his  own sperm decades earlier.  He  searched out  Cline 's address online  recognizing it as the location of  his  mother's former doctor. Then  he  Googled the doctor's name. When a photo popped up   he  was stunned:  He  looked like  Cline .
"It was just too similar to be coincidental "  he  says. White had long known  he  was a donor baby  but that day   he  had an eerie feeling  he  was staring at the man who was likely  his  biological father.
Around the same time  Julie Harmon saw a TV news story about  Cline . She'd discovered years earlier that her blood type indicated she was not the child of both her parents. She didn't follow up to find out why  but the report about  Cline   her mother's fertility doctor  was unnerving.
The TV story featured Jacoba Ballard  whose mother had also gone to  Cline  and whose complaint to the state helped launched an investigation. Harmon contacted Ballard through Facebook  and they traded photos. There were striking similarities.
These two women and White recently crowded into an Indianapolis courtroom to hear  Cline  receive a one-year suspended sentence for lying to investigators when  he  denied wrongdoing; DNA tests determined  he  is the biological father of Ballard and another woman whose mother was  his  patient.  Cline  apologized "for the pain my actions have caused" but didn't specify how often  he  used  his  own sperm in procedures â court documents say  he  told Ballard about 50 times.
 Cline 's sentencing  though  was not the end of this story. Instead  in an extraordinary epilogue  three one-time strangers â White  Harmon and Ballard â have forged a kinship as brother and sisters  even as they wrestle with the revelation about their identities. They've also reached out to 21 other men and women  all in their 30s  who've been identified through DNA tests as half-siblings â evidence  they say  that  Cline  is likely their father  as well. About a half-dozen of them live in central Indiana.
Many stay in touch through a private Facebook page  and several gathered last fall for a cookout with their spouses  children and three mothers who'd been  Cline  patients. Others have gone on social outings  shared childhood photos  taken note of similarities (most of the men are over 6 feet tall) and  at times  confided in one another private details of their lives.
Jacoba Ballard was angry when she sat in court in December  describing a three-year ordeal that determined  Cline  is her biological father.
Ballard  37  says  Cline  told  her  mother  he  used donor sperm from medical residents.  She 'd known since  she  was 10 that  she  was a donor child  but in 2014  Ballard grew curious about  her  family history and thought  she  might be able to track down some brothers and sisters.  She  took a DNA test from 23andMe.com  a biotech company that uses saliva samples to determine ancestry and identify distant and close relatives  health risks and physical traits.
Clients can choose whether to be identified in a "DNA relatives tool" that connects them to others. When Ballard's results came back  they listed seven half-siblings  all but one identified by name. Ballard and two others got together  assembled a family tree and realized one common thread: Their mothers had gone to  Cline  for fertility treatments.
Ballard and a half-sister arranged to meet with two of  Cline 's adult children. At first   she  says  they denied their father had been a donor  then said he'd done so in a small number of cases. About a month later  Ballard and a group of the half-siblings met with  Cline  himself  and  she  says he told conflicting stories  finally saying he'd donated sperm about 50 times to help unknowing patients who desperately wanted children.
When Ballard filed a complaint with the Indiana attorney general's office   Cline  responded in a letter that anyone accusing him of being a donor "was guilty of slander and/or libel." At his sentencing  he acknowledged using his sperm. "I was foolish in my actions  and I should not have lied " he said.
Ballard's DNA match to  Cline  was 99.9997  court records show.
The case wasn't the first of its kind. In Virginia  Dr. Cecil Jacobson was convicted in 1992 of fraud and perjury for using his sperm to impregnate patients without telling them.  Cline  was convicted of obstruction of justice for lying to investigators  but a measure pushed by Ballard and others was introduced in the Indiana Senate this year to make it a crime for doctors to treat patients for infertility by using their own sperm or egg without consent. The measure didn't receive a hearing  so it's dead for this session; its sponsor has not yet decided if he'll reintroduce it.
If there is any comfort   she  says  it's in the camaraderie that's developed among several half-siblings. They've gotten together for concerts  an occasional softball game for one of their kids and a few Christmas celebrations. White and Harmon attended the high school graduation ceremonies of Ballard's two children  and the two women speak every day. They laugh about their similar tastes; they even prefer the same order at McDonald's â no onions.
"I went from not having a care to wanting to know everything " says the 34-year-old White. He tracked down a medical school graduation photo of  Cline  and studied photos of Cline's son online  noticing similar facial traits â a round face and high forehead.
[EX A]: Donald Cline

[EX Q]: Timeline of events in  Chris Kennedy 's involvement with the construction of Cleveland's Medical Mart.
Timeline of events in  Chris Kennedy 's involvement with the construction of Cleveland's Medical Mart.
As  Chris Kennedy  campaigns for governor   he âs talked about  his  business successes.  He âs pointed to  his  management of the Merchandise Mart  âone of the great economic engines of Illinois â and to  his  role developing skyscrapers on Wolf Point along the Chicago River.  Kennedy   however  has not highlighted one of  his  biggest projects to date â a nearly half-billion dollar public-private partnership to build a convention center and Medical Mart in Cleveland. Local politicians  led by a longtime family friend  gave  Kennedyâs  company a no-bid contract and pushed through a controversial sales tax hike to pay for it. As the project got off the ground   Kennedy  told Cleveland residents the one-stop medical superstore would remake the Rust Belt cityâs image into a âDisney World for doctorsâ and draw coveted medical conventions to town. Instead  the project was plagued by accusations of insider dealings  secrecy and failed promises.  Kennedy âs company made millions of dollars  while residents are stuck paying more on items they purchase. Four years after the 235 000-square-foot Medical Mart opened its doors   Kennedy  and  his  company have long since departed amid criticism they did little to foster the original goals of the struggling project. Now rebranded the Global Center for Health Innovation  the building sits eerily empty most days â the glassy high-tech showrooms of its few tenants unstaffed and deserted. Subsequent management companies have failed to bring in revenue-producing tenants or the flood of health care trade shows once promised.  Kennedy  said  he  was only trying to help Clevelandâs leaders achieve their goals of a new convention center and a revitalized downtown.  He  said  his  company took on a project when few were looking at the city  and the long-term business plan shifted after  he  left. âIt certainly wasnât a secretive contract. It certainly wasnât done without public scrutiny â  he  told the Chicago Tribune in a recent interview. âI donât know what generated more press coverage in Cleveland.â âHonestly  did we pull a fast one? Did we slide one by?â  Kennedy  added. âNo  I donât think any of that happened. I think everybody knew everything by the time we completed our deal. Thatâs what I believe.â Cuyahoga Countyâs current executive  Armond Budish  told reporters last month that he could call the Medical Mart building âan inherited albatross â but chooses to remain hopeful the development someday will succeed. Tim Hagan  a  Kennedy  family friend  spearheaded the push for the Medical Mart when he was a county commissioner a decade ago. Hagan said he stands by his decision to support  Kennedy âs project but acknowledged the development has fallen short. âThe point of what we were trying to do is make the convention facility â¦ more attractive for outside investments to come in for events â Hagan said over coffee in a recent interview in Cleveland. âHas it worked out â¦ as much as we thought it was going to work out  immediately? No  I donât think so.â Heywood Sanders is an urban planning and public policy scholar who is critical of convention centers as publicly funded economic development projects. He has studied the Medical Mart deal for years and said Cleveland was blinded by its own misplaced hopes and the  Kennedy  mystique. âDesperate cities do desperate things â said Sanders  a professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Sanders said no hard data existed showing that a Medical Mart would succeed or produce any economic benefits for Cleveland. âIt didnât make sense then  and it doesnât seem to make sense now.â David Heinzmann / Chicago Tribune Global Center for Health Innovation's glass and pre-fab concrete panel structure offers wide views of the Cleveland downtown mall and skyline from its atrium-style ground floor  shown on Oct. 10  2017. Global Center for Health Innovation's glass and pre-fab concrete panel structure offers wide views of the Cleveland downtown mall and skyline from its atrium-style ground floor  shown on Oct. 10  2017. (David Heinzmann / Chicago Tribune) Once a bustling industrial metropolis  Cleveland experienced a hard slide into Rust Belt decline during the 1970s and â80s. Its population and manufacturing base shrank as factories and mills closed down. One of the bright spots in the cityâs economic landscape appeared to be health care. The Cleveland Clinic grew over the past 40 years to be one of the most renowned hospital complexes in the world â rivaling the Mayo Clinic as a destination for affluent patients around the globe seeking out the best  most innovative care. The clinic campus sits several miles east of the cityâs downtown lakefront  which continued to decline over the years. Since the late â70s  some civic leaders held onto the belief that renovating the outdated underground convention center might be the key to making the city center a destination once again. The political and financial capital to make it happen never materialized. Investing public money in building convention facilities is often a divisive issue. Boosters often say if you build it  they will come; others say the investment rarely pays off. William Bowen  a professor of public administration at Cleveland State University  puts himself in the latter category. Convention center deals typically underperform their projections that spurred their construction  he said. âMost of the time  the valuation of the impact of whatâs built either doesnât happen  or â¦ they donât  as a rule  pay back the public coffers â Bowen said. âI think thatâs borne out by the majority of the research.â The hospitalâs involvement started to change the sense of possibility  and then  Kennedy âs involvement would put it over the hump  Hagan said. The consensus version of how the development came about begins with Dr. Toby Cosgrove  Cleveland Clinicâs longtime president. According to  Kennedy   Cosgrove wanted to leverage the clinicâs cachet to revitalize downtown Cleveland. Cosgrove declined multiple interview requests.  Kennedy  said a New York real estate executive who was Cosgroveâs patient recommended Merchandise Mart and  Kennedy .  Kennedy  said Cosgrove called  him  to discuss the potential for a mart geared toward medical professionals.  Kennedy  said in 2005  he  and another Merchandise Mart official met with Cosgrove and local and state economic officials at the clinic.  Kennedy  said  he  suggested the new medical mart be tied into rebuilding Clevelandâs aging convention center.
âWe had explained that marts really work best in conjunction with trade show facilities â  Kennedy  recalled. âAnd there may be an opportunity to rebuild the trade show hall. Cleveland  we knew  was looking at it  and he (Cosgrove) ought to look into tying those two things together.â  Kennedy  said  his  friend Hagan  then a county commissioner  had nothing to do with his entree to the Cleveland discussions. However  when he was in town for the Cosgrove meeting  he also met Hagan for a cup of coffee at a hotel near the hospital complex. By the time the deal came together two years later  Hagan and Cuyahoga County officials were in charge. âThey were trying to come up with a way to sell a convention center  and there was no money for a convention center â Sanders said. âIn this context   Chris Kennedy  was providing a degree of legitimacy and political cover and seeming market authority  to a project that had never happened before  anywhere  despite some efforts to try. Merchandise Mart had a remarkable role in trying to legitimize it.â Phil Velasquez / Chicago Tribune Interview with  Chris Kennedy  on Oct. 31  2017  at  his  campaign headquarters. Interview with  Chris Kennedy  on Oct. 31  2017  at  his  campaign headquarters. (Phil Velasquez / Chicago Tribune) (Phil Velasquez / Chicago Tribune)  Chris Kennedy  is the son of  the late Sen. Robert F. Kennedy  and nephew of the late President John F. Kennedy. While the  Kennedy  family has been based in New England and the corridors of power in Washington  much of the familyâs wealth was derived from their decadeslong ownership of Chicagoâs Merchandise Mart  which  Chris Kennedy  ran before and after the family sold the massive building for $625 million in 1998. Hagan had known the  Kennedy  family since the late 1970s  when his own politically connected family threw its support behind the candidacy of  Chris Kennedy âs uncle  then-Sen.  Edward Kennedy   D-Mass.  who was seeking the 1980 Democratic presidential nomination. Hagan was godfather to one of  Chris Kennedyâs  nieces  was a pallbearer for one of his uncles and served on the board of a  Kennedy  charitable foundation. Hagan said he had been a guest at the familyâs famed Cape Cod compound several times over the years.  Kennedy  told the Cleveland Plain Dealer newspaper in 2009 that Hagan was the reason Merchandise Mart undertook the project. âWho else could get us to come there?â  Kennedy  asked. âNobodyâs doing business in Cleveland.â Hagan and Kennedy both reject the notion of insider dealing  saying they never hid their friendship. There was never an effort to put the project out for bid  the men said  because no one else was seriously interested. It was the first time that an outside business firm had showed any interest in an idea that had for years been a local pipe dream  Hagan said. âWe had one legitimate proposal from the outside â the Merchandise Mart people â Hagan said. âI give  Chris Kennedy  credit for looking at  it  because no one else did.â David Heinzmann / Chicago Tribune Originally named the Medical Mart  the Global Center for Health Innovation's showrooms and meeting spaces sit mostly deserted in downtown Cleveland on Oct. 10  2017. Originally named the Medical Mart  the Global Center for Health Innovation's showrooms and meeting spaces sit mostly deserted in downtown Cleveland on Oct. 10  2017. (David Heinzmann / Chicago Tribune)  Kennedy âs ties to Hagan fueled criticism from the start  but it intensified when the details of the deal were made public. Cuyahoga County raised its sales tax and bore nearly all of the costs of developing the complex â both building the Medical Mart and renovating Clevelandâs aging  underground convention center. Merchandise Mart would receive an upfront $12 million developerâs fee and collect other fees expected to total $103 million over 20 years  according to the contract. âDid they get a good deal? I guess they did. I donât know â Hagan said. âI didnât negotiate the deal.â Hagan did  however  vote for the quarter-cent sales tax hike and the contract. No sooner had the development agreement been signed in spring 2009 than some in county government began to look for ways to fix it. Critics said the deal was so sweet for  Kennedy âs firm that  he  had little incentive to make the Medical Mart generate income. âThey had no skin in the game â Sanders said of Merchandise Mart. âThey clearly were getting paid as it went along. It became increasingly clear over the years that they werenât going to be able to make the whole thing work.â The project was soon behind schedule. Groundbreaking did not take place until January 2011. At the time  Merchandise Mart said it had letters of intent from 58 companies  hospitals and colleges that would fill the Medical Mart. âToo much demand is never a serious problem â  Kennedy  told local media. âWeâll work to accommodate everyone.â The Plain Dealer  however  reported that some of those Merchandise Mart listed as potential tenants were offered space for free  while others said they had no plans to move into the Medical Mart. Around the same time  Cuyahoga County went through a massive corruption scandal that resulted in a new form of government that diminished Haganâs influence. Hagan  who was not part of that scandal  left office in January 2011. Six months later   Kennedy  announced  he  was stepping down from the Merchandise Mart.  Kennedy  said  he  has paid little attention to the development since then. But if the project went wrong   he  said in a recent Tribune interview from  his  campaign offices  it was after  he  left.  He  said local leaders decided to try to charge higher rents to the health care tenants  he  had lined up for the mart. The idea was to give the space away for several years to bring in tenants who would create the âDisney-like experience â  he  said. âThat vision was largely abandoned after I left â  he  said. âThe tenant mix and the Medical Mart as a loss leader was abandoned.â Instead   he  said  they hired real estate companies to attempt to produce market rate revenue. As the Medical Mart struggled to find the kind of tenants originally envisioned  the projectâs mission changed to include local groups that would use the space for educational classes. News coverage pointed out that the health care industry had well-established practices for purchasing supplies and new technologies that did not fit into the Medical Mart concept. By the time the building opened in 2013  county leaders had grown impatient with Merchandise Martâs management. That December  the county parted ways with the Chicago company  negotiating a $3 million payment to end their long-term agreement. While that deal called for Merchandise Mart to kick in $20 million to build tenantsâ showrooms  the company departed before fulfilling the pledge  said Jeffrey Appelbaum  a Cleveland lawyer who advises the county and oversaw most of the project after the original development deal was adopted. He described the commitment of $20 million as âkind of softâ and geared toward being made near the end of the project  making it unclear when the company would actually have to contribute the money. When design changes in the convention center portion of the project drove the cost from $425 million to $465 million  Cuyahoga County asked Merchandise Mart to use some of the promised $20 million to cover the new increased costs  according to documents and county officials.
[EX A]: Chris Kennedy

[EX Q]: CLOSE Jared Fogle  the former Subway spokesman convicted on child pornography charges   was unable to persuade a federal appeals court to reduce  his  sentence. (Dwight Adams/IndyStar)  Wochit
Jared Fogle  enters the Birch Bayh Federal Building and United States Courthouse for sentencing  Thursday  November 19  2015. (Photo: Kelly_Wilkinson/The_Star)
INDIANAPOLIS â  Former Subway pitchman Jared Fogle  continues to fight  his  nearly 16-year prison sentence  this time claiming that  his  judge treated  him  unfairly because she has two teenage daughters.
 Fogle   40  who is being held in a federal correctional facility in Colorado  had a motion filed Tuesday in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana requesting that Judge Tanya Walton Pratt recuse herself from the case because of bias.
In November 2015  Pratt sentenced  Fogle  to 15 years and eight months in federal prison on charges of possession or distribution of child pornography and traveling across state lines to have commercial sex with a minor. The punishment exceeded what prosecutors and  Fogle 's attorneys had recommended under a plea agreement.
The sentence was upheld by a federal appeals court after  Fogle  unsuccessfully appealed the following year.  He  is now representing  himself  in court.
More: Judge boots ex-Subway spokesman  Jared Fogle's  child sex case appeal
More: Subway seeks dismissal of lawsuit alleging it hid  Jared Fogle 's misconduct
In the Tuesday court filing   Fogle  argues that Pratt demonstrated "objective bias  and subjective bias."  His  claim stems from the fact that Pratt has two teenage daughters and  Fogle 's case involves a teenage prostitute and teenage girls being illegally photographed.
 He  also contends that Pratt allowed prosecutors to erroneously charge  him  with conspiracy  a claim  he  made back in  his  2016 appeal.
"It is the opinion of a 'reasonable party' that Judge Tanya Walton Pratt has demonstrated she is prejudicially biased to the Defendant Jared S. Fogle  and should in facts and law  recuse herself from these proceedings "  Fogle  writes in the new filing.
During an appeal hearing in May 2016   Fogle 's former attorney  Ron Elberger  argued that fantasizing about a crime is not a crime. But Assistant U.S. Attorney Steve DeBrota said  Fogle  acted on  his  fantasies  citing several occasions in which  he  asked adult prostitutes to provide  him  access to minors.
More:  Jared Fogle 's sentence upheld by federal appeals court
More:  Fogle 's ex-wife alleges Subway knew of his 'depravities'
The appellate judges said they cannot accept  Fogle 's claim that  he  was improperly sentenced based on "things  he  didn't do or fantasies  he  may have had."
"The district court also appropriately considered the perverse nature and circumstances of the offenses ... alongside ample evidence that  Fogle  repeatedly sought out and traveled to have sex with minors " Judge Joel Flaum wrote.
[EX A]:
Jared Fogle