instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Context: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Guidelines recommend cholesterol-lowering medication from 8 to 10 years of age and dietary recommendations. Little is known about the diet of FH children and the effect of dietary counseling. The aim of the study was to describe the diet of FH children with respect to fat quality, and to investigate if dietary counseling improved lipid profile.', 'Fifty-four FH children (5-18 years) were included in the study and dietary intake was recorded with a pre-coded food diary for four days. Information about plasma lipid levels was obtained.', 'Median intake of total fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) and saturated fat (SFA) was 30.8, 10.4, 5.9 and 12.0\xa0E %, respectively. Among non-statin treated FH children, SFA intake was significantly correlated with TC, LDL-C and apolipoprotein (apo) B (rsp\xa0=\xa00.55; p\xa0=\xa00.004, rsp\xa0=\xa00.46; p\xa0=\xa00.02, and rsp\xa0=\xa00.45; p\xa0=\xa00.02, respectively), and PUFA/SFA ratio significantly inversely correlated with TC (rsp\xa0=\xa0-0.42; p\xa0=\xa00.03). Compared to the first visit, non-statin and non-plant sterol treated FH children (n\xa0=\xa010) had significantly reduced levels of TC (p\xa0<\xa00.01), LDL-C (p\xa0=\xa00.01), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p\xa0=\xa00.02), apo B (p\xa0=\xa00.05) and apo A-1 (p\xa0=\xa00.02) levels at a later visit.\Question: Is dietary counseling associated with an improved lipid profile in children with familial hypercholesterolemia?
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FH children had a higher intake of SFA than recommended and the SFA intake was positively correlated with plasma TC, LDL-C and apo B levels in FH children not using statins. Importantly, the plasma lipid profile was improved in FH children after dietary counseling where focus was on reducing intake of SFA and dietary cholesterol.


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Context: Physical activity is beneficial for cancer survivors, but exercise participation is low in this population. It is therefore important to understand the psychological factors underlying exercise uptake so that more effective interventions can be developed. Social-cognitive theory constructs such as outcome expectancies predict exercise behavior, but self-report measures have several limitations. We examined the associations between implicit (automatic) cognitions and exercise behavior and self-efficacy in endometrial cancer survivors.', 'This was a longitudinal study to examine predictors of exercise behavior in female endometrial cancer survivors who all received an exercise intervention. Participants (N = 100, mean age of 57.0) completed questionnaires to assess self-report exercise-related measures (outcome expectancy and attitudes about and identification with exercise) and reaction time (RT) tasks to assess implicit exercise cognitions (expectancy accessibility, implicit attitudes about exercise, and implicit self-identification with exercise) at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 months at follow-up. Exercise behavior was measured using accelerometers and self-report. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models.', 'Expectancy accessibility was associated with exercise duration independent of the corresponding self-report measure. Exercise implicit attitudes and self-identification were prospectively associated with exercise self-efficacy only after adjustment for the corresponding self-report measures and baseline self-efficacy. Self-report measures were also associated with study outcomes.\Question: Are self-reported and automatic cognitions associated with exercise behavior in cancer survivors?
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Both self-reported cognitions and implicit cognitions may be useful to identify individuals at risk of failing to exercise. Individuals so identified might be provided with a different or more intensive intervention. The data also suggest cognitive targets for intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record


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Context: MicroRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-protein-coding RNAs of about 22 nucleotides. MicroRNA molecules have been identified to play key roles in a broad range of physiologic and pathologic processes. Polymorphisms in the corresponding sequence space are likely to make a significant contribution to phenotypic variation. A T/C genetic variant (rs11614913) in the pre-miR-196a2 sequence could alter mature miR-196a expression and target mRNA binding. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between this polymorphism and atrial fibrillation (AF).', 'A total of 123 participants were enrolled, 65 AF patients were confirmed with electrocardiogram (ECG) or dynamic electrocardiography, 58 normal individuals were assigned to the control group. Genotypes of the premiR-196a2 were distinguished using the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay.', 'The distribution of the pre-miR-196a2 genotypes (TT, TC, and CC) was 15.38%, 46.15%, and 38.46% in the AF group and 39.66%, 46.55%, and 13.79% in the controls, respectively (p = 0.0011). Compared with the TT genotype, the C allele carriers (TC+CC genotypes) had a 3.968-fold increased risk of AF (adjusted OR = 3.968, 95% CI = 1.633 - 9.644, p = 0.002). AF patients with the TC+CC genotype had greater left atrial dimension than did patients with the TT genotype (42.10 ± 8.74 vs. 35.13 ± 8.16, p = 0.0224).\Question: Is a Functional Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in Pre-microRNA-196a2 Associated with Atrial Fibrillation in Han Chinese?
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Our data support that the pre-miR-196a2 polymorphism is associated with AF, and the C allele is a risk factor for AF.