TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
PROBLEM: This study shows that the disease free equilibrium ( ) for COVID-19 coronavirus does not satisfy the criteria for a locally or globally asymptotic stability. This implies that as a pandemic as declared by WHO (2020) the COVID-19 coronavirus does not have a curative vaccine yet and precautionary measures are advised through quarantine and observatory procedures. Also, the Basic Reproductive number ( 0 < 1) by Equation (33) shows that there is a chance of decline of secondary infections when the ratio between the incidence rate in the population and the total number of infected population quarantined with observatory procedure. The effort to evaluate the disease equilibrium shows that unless there is a dedicated effort from government, decision makers and stakeholders, the world would hardly be reed of the COVID-19 coronavirus and further spread is eminent and the rate of infection will continue to increase despite the increased rate of recovery because of the absence of vaccine at the moment.

SOLUTION: MATHEMATICAL PREDICTIONS FOR COVID-19 AS A GLOBAL PANDEMIC

PROBLEM: Many factors influence the choice of methods used to develop antibody to infectious agents. In this paper, we review the current status of the main technologies used to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the B cells of antigen-sensitized animals. While companies are adopting advanced high-throughput methods, the major technologies used by veterinary and medical research laboratories are classical hybridoma fusion and recombinant library selection techniques. These methods have inherent advantages and limitations but have many common aspects when using immunized rodents. Laboratories with expertise in both methods of antibody development have a distinct advantage in their ability to advance mAb technology. New and re-emerging infectious threats in todayÕs world emphasize the need for quality immunoreagents and the need to maintain expertise in mAb development. We provide examples of some common applications for mAb reagents used to identify pathogens such as the SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Bacillus anthracis, and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus. We also outline a framework for investigators to make rational decisions concerning which method to use to develop mAbs based upon characteristics of the pathogen under study and the intended downstream application. Lastly, we provide parameters for the immunisation of mice and a classification system which describes the expected outcome for mAb development strategies when using classes of immunogens to generate mAbs with desired activities. Crown Abbreviations: mAb; monoclonal antibody; SARS-CoV; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; FMD virus; foot-and-mouth disease virus; PA; protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis; BSA; bovine serum albumin; FBS; fetal bovine serum; HAT; hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine; scFv; single chain variable fragment; Fab; fragment responsible for antigen binding; PBL; peripheral blood leucocytes; VP-1; viral protein 1 or 1D viral protein of FMD virus; IEM; immuno-electron microscopy; IHC; immunohistochemistry; IFA; immunoflourescence; V-genes; immunoglobulin variable region genes, responsible for encoding the antigen contact domains. *

SOLUTION: Rational monoclonal antibody development to emerging pathogens, biothreat agents and agents of foreign animal disease: The antigen scale

PROBLEM: )phenoxy] heptyl]-3-methylisoxazole, inhibits the replication of several picornaviruses (Otto et al., Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother. 27 (1985) 883-886). Measurements of viral RNA synthesis and electron microscopy showed that disoxaril inhibits the replication of poliovirus types 1 and 2 in HeLa cells prior to uncoating by stabilizing the virus capsid: The arrival of viral RNA for new RNA synthesis was inhibited completely only when the inocula were preincubated with disoxaril for 15 min at 37°C at 0.3 Ilg disoxarillml for poliovirus type 1 and 0.03 ug disoxarillml for poliovirus type 2. Simultaneous addition of the compound and virus resulted in reduced inhibition of viral RNA synthesis. The inhibitory effect of the compound could be partially reversed up to 25 min p.i. if the compound was eluted from the cells. Disoxaril pretreated poliovirus was not inhibited from entering HeLa cells (entry by receptor-mediated endocytosis via coated pits and vesicles into endosomes) (d.

SOLUTION:
Inhibition of an Early Step of Poliovirus Replication by Disoxaril (WIN 51711) Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Obtained After In Vivo Priming with VPl of Poliovirus Type 1 Recognize Epitopes Located Between Amino Acid Residues 93-104 of VPl