Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a reversible neurologic disorder characterized by a triad of cognitive impairment, gait abnormality, and urinary incontinence that is commonly treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. However, multiple overlapping symptoms often make it difficult to differentiate normal pressure hydrocephalus from other types of dementia, and improved diagnostic techniques would help patient management. MR elastography is a novel diagnostic tool that could potentially identify patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. The purpose of this study was to assess brain stiffness changes in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus compared with age- and sex-matched cognitively healthy individuals.', 'MR elastography was performed on 10 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and 21 age- and sex-matched volunteers with no known neurologic disorders. Image acquisition was conducted on a 3T MR imaging scanner. Shear waves with 60-Hz vibration frequency were transmitted into the brain by a pillowlike passive driver. A novel postprocessing technique resistant to noise and edge artifacts was implemented to determine regional brain stiffness. The Wilcoxon rank sum test and linear regression were used for statistical analysis.', 'A significant increase in stiffness was observed in the cerebrum (P = .001), occipital lobe (P < .001), parietal lobe (P = .001), and the temporal lobe (P = .02) in the normal pressure hydrocephalus group compared with healthy controls. However, no significant difference was noted in other regions of the brain, including the frontal lobe (P = .07), deep gray and white matter (P = .43), or cerebellum (P = .20).

A: Does mR Elastography demonstrate Increased Brain Stiffness in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus?
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Q: So far the issue of patch tests with mite allergens in subjects not affected by atopic dermatitis (AD) has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and intensity of responses to atopy patch tests with Dermatophagoides in non-AD subjects, and to compare them to the ones observed in AD patients.', 'Patch tests were performed, employing a mixture of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and farinae at two different concentrations (20 and 40% pet.), on 75 non-AD subjects, including 33 patients with allergic rhinitis and 42 healthy volunteers, and on 210 AD patients, as controls.', 'Positive responses to 20% mite patch tests were observed in 17 non-AD subjects (23%) and in 102 AD ones (49%). The former showed a lower intensity of the responses, with a mean score of 1.4 compared with 2.1 in atopics.

A: Are frequency and intensity of responses to mite patch tests lower in nonatopic subjects with respect to patients with atopic dermatitis?
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Q: Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) which agree with progression in solid and haematological tumours were correlated to the risk of disease progression in 62 patients with early (Binet stage A) B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Sera were taken at diagnosis and tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.', 'MMP-9 levels positively correlated with haemoglobin levels (P = 0.03) and platelet count (P = 0.03). No association was found with main clinico-haematological features representative of tumour mass, such as peripheral blood lymphocytosis, bone marrow histology, Rai substages and beta-2 microglobulin (beta-2m). A cut-off of MMP-9 levels corresponding to 33rd percentile (203 ng/mL) or higher identified earlier upstaging and shorter progression-free survival. MMP-9 was a significant prognostic marker in multivariate analysis and partially independent of Rai substages, which suggests its inclusion into such a staging system to better stratify prognostically Rai stages I and II patients.

A:
Do increased serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 predict clinical outcome of patients with early B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia?
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