In this task, you are given a set of context paragraphs, some supporting facts and an answer of a question. Your task is to generate question for given answer based on set of context paragraphs, supporting facts and an answer.

[Q]: Context_1 : Principles of Philosophy (Latin: "Principia philosophiae" ) is a book by René Descartes. In essence it is a synthesis of the "Discourse on Method" and "Meditations on First Philosophy" It was written in Latin, published in 1644 and dedicated to Elisabeth of Bohemia, with whom Descartes had a long-standing friendship. A French version ("Les Principes de la Philosophie") followed in 1647. It set forth the principles of nature—the Laws of Physics—as Descartes viewed them. Most notably, it set forth the principle that in the absence of external forces, an object's motion will be uniform and in a straight line. Newton borrowed this principle from Descartes and included it in his own "Principia"; to this day, it is still generally referred to as Newton's First Law of Motion. The book was primarily intended to replace the Aristotelian curriculum then used in French and British Universities. The work provides a systematic statement of his metaphysics and natural philosophy, and represents the first truly comprehensive, mechanistic account of the universe. Context_2 : Maximilian de Gaynesford (born 1968) is an English philosopher and the author of "The Rift in the Lute: Attuning Poetry and Philosophy" (Oxford, 2017). He was educated at Ampleforth College and Balliol College, Oxford (1986–9; First in Modern History), after which he spent several years studying Theology, before turning to Philosophy in 1993. Before receiving his doctorate, he was elected Fellow and Tutor in Philosophy at Lincoln College, Oxford (1997). He was subsequently Humboldt Research Fellow at the Freie Universität Berlin (2003) and a tenured professor at The College of William and Mary in Virginia (2002–2006) before becoming Professor of Philosophy (2008) and Head of Department (2016) at the University of Reading. He is the author of over forty articles and four books: "The Rift in the Lute: Attuning Poetry and Philosophy" (Oxford, 2017), "I: The Meaning of the First Person Term" (Oxford, 2006), "Hilary Putnam" (Routledge, 2006), and "John McDowell" (Polity, 2004). In 2011, he edited a collection of articles on the Philosophy of Action, "Agents And Their Actions" (Blackwell), which includes recent work by John McDowell and Joseph Raz. He often gives papers on attuning poetry and philosophy for general audiences, as here . He spoke at the Harvard Conference in celebration of Hilary Putnam, here . He has a daughter, Elisabeth (born 2009). Context_3 : Pragmaticism is a term used by Charles Sanders Peirce for his pragmatic philosophy starting in 1905, in order to distance himself and it from pragmatism, the original name, which had been used in a manner he did not approve of in the "literary journals". Peirce in 1905 announced his coinage "pragmaticism", saying that it was "ugly enough to be safe from kidnappers" ("Collected Papers" (CP) 5.414). Today, outside of philosophy, "pragmatism" is often taken to refer to a compromise of aims or principles, even a ruthless search for mercenary advantage. Peirce gave other or more specific reasons for the distinction in a surviving draft letter that year and in later writings. Peirce's pragmatism, that is, pragmaticism, differed in Peirce's view from other pragmatisms by its commitments to the spirit of strict logic, the immutability of truth, the reality of infinity, and the difference between (1) actively willing to control thought, to doubt, to weigh reasons, and (2) willing not to exert the will, willing to believe. In his view his pragmatism is, strictly speaking, not itself a whole philosophy, but instead a general method for the clarification of ideas. He first publicly formulated his pragmatism as an aspect of scientific logic along with principles of statistics and modes of inference in his "Illustrations of the Logic of Science" series of articles in 1877-8. Context_4 : Elisabeth of the Palatinate (26 December 1618 – 11 February 1680), also known as Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Elisabeth of the Palatinate, or Princess-Abbess of Herford Abbey, was the eldest daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (who was briefly King of Bohemia), and Elizabeth Stuart. She was born in Heidelberg, Germany, spending the first nine years of her life there. When she was nine, she went to live in Leyden, with her brother and was raised in a nursery palace to complete her studies. After finishing her studies, she was deemed ready to live in The Hague with her mother. Context_5 : The Three Principles of the People, also translated as Three People's Principles, San-min Doctrine, or Tridemism is a political philosophy developed by Sun Yat-sen as part of a philosophy to make China a free, prosperous, and powerful nation. The three principles are often translated into and summarized as nationalism, democracy, and the livelihood of the people. He believed that the economic livelihood of the people depended on adopting the teachings of the American economist Henry George, writing that "The teachings of your single-taxer, Henry George, will be the basis of our program of reform." Context_6 : In computer programming, the term SOLID is a mnemonic acronym for five design principles intended to make software designs more understandable, flexible and maintainable. The principles are a subset of many principles promoted by Robert C. Martin, . Though they apply to any object-oriented design, the SOLID principles can also form a core philosophy for methodologies such as agile development or Adaptive Software Development. The SOLID acronym was introduced by Michael Feathers. Context_7 : Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (German: "Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten" ; 1785; also known as the "Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals", "Grounding of the Metaphysics of Morals" and the "Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals") is the first of Immanuel Kant's mature works on moral philosophy and remains one of the most influential in the field. Kant conceives his investigation as a work of foundational ethics—one that clears the ground for future research by explaining the core concepts and principles of moral theory and showing that they are normative for rational agents. Kant aspires to nothing less than this: to lay bare the fundamental principle of morality and show that it applies to us. In the text, Kant provides a groundbreaking argument that the rightness of an action is determined by the character of the principle that a person chooses to act upon. Kant thus stands in stark contrast to the moral sense theories and teleological moral theories that dominated moral philosophy at the time he was writing. Central to the work is the role of what Kant refers to as the categorical imperative, the concept that one must act only according to that precept which he or she would will to become a universal law. Context_8 : In Canadian and New Zealand law, fundamental justice is the fairness underlying the administration of justice and its operation. The principles of fundamental justice are specific legal principles that command "significant societal consensus" as "fundamental to the way in which the legal system ought fairly to operate", per "R v Malmo-Levine". These principles may stipulate basic procedural rights afforded to anyone facing an adjudicative process or procedure that affects fundamental rights and freedoms, and certain substantive standards related to the rule of law that regulate the actions of the state (e.g., the rule against unclear or vague laws). The degree of protection dictated by these standards and procedural rights vary in accordance with the precise context, involving a contextual analysis of the affected person's interests. In other words, the more a person's rights or interests are adversely affected, the more procedural or substantive protections must be afforded to that person in order to respect the principles of fundamental justice. A legislative or administrative framework that respects the principles of fundamental justice, as such, must be fundamentally fair to the person affected, but does not necessarily have to strike the "right balance" between individual and societal interests in general. Context_9 : A first principle is a basic, foundational, self-evident proposition or assumption that cannot be deduced from any other proposition or assumption. In philosophy, first principles are taught by Aristotelians and a nuanced version of first principles are referred to as postulates by Kantians. In mathematics, first principles are referred to as axioms and postulates. In physics and other sciences, theoretical work is said to be from first principles, or "ab initio", if it starts directly at the level of established science and does not make assumptions such as empirical model and parameter fitting. Context_10 : Principia philosophiae cartesianae (PPC; "The Principles of Cartesian Philosophy") or Renati Descartes principia philosophiae, more geometrico demonstrata ("The Principles of René Descartes' Philosophy, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order") is a philosophical work of Baruch Spinoza published in Amsterdam in 1663. In the preface to this work, Ludovic Meyer explains that it is a reconstruction of René Descartes' "Principles of Philosophy "in the Euclidean or "geometric" fashion". "In the appendix, a series of non-geometric prose passages entitled "Metaphysical Thoughts" ["Cogitata Metaphisica"], Spinoza explicates Descartes' views on traditional metaphysical topics (including essence, existence, idea, potential, necessity, contingency, duration, and time) while furtively interpolating some of his own. fact_1 :  In essence it is a synthesis of the "Discourse on Method" and "Meditations on First Philosophy" It was written in Latin, published in 1644 and dedicated to Elisabeth of Bohemia, with whom Descartes had a long-standing friendship. fact_2 : Elisabeth of the Palatinate (26 December 1618 – 11 February 1680), also known as Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Elisabeth of the Palatinate, or Princess-Abbess of Herford Abbey, was the eldest daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine (who was briefly King of Bohemia), and Elizabeth Stuart. Answer: Frederick V, Elector Palatine
[A]: Who was the father of the person Principles of Philosophy was dedicated to?


[Q]: Context_1 : John Albert "Jack" McDonald (November 24, 1921 in Swan River, Manitoba – March 13, 1990) was a professional ice hockey player who played 43 games in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers. John McDonald was born November 24, 1921 in Swan River, Manitoba. Nicknamed Jack, a common practice of the era, McDonald was a big 6'1" 215 lbs, high-scoring left winger when he captained the Portage Terriers during the 1939-40 and 1941-42 season that won the Memorial Cup. The 1942-43 season was spent with the Flin Flon Bombers of the Saskatchewan Senior Hockey League. Jack McDonald was one of several wartime additions, joining New York Rangers for the 1943-44 season. Playing in 43 NHL games, McDonald scored a respectable 10 goals, adding 9 assists. Persuaded to play in the Western Hockey League by good friend Alex Shibicky, McDonald played up and down the west coast for the next 6 years. After his hockey career he worked for the Hudson Bay Company as a bush pilot in northern Manitoba and Ontario. A long time recreation professional Jack managed hockey rinks all over Canada. His last stop was at the Burnaby Winter Club where he and Shibicky reunited some 30 years later and coached many players that went on to NHL careers. Context_2 : Clinton James "Snuffy" Smith (December 12, 1913 – May 19, 2009) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre and head coach best known for his time spent in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a player with the New York Rangers and the Chicago Black Hawks. Following Smith's 10-year NHL career, he served as both a head coach and player in the United States Hockey League (USHL) and American Hockey League (AHL). Context_3 : Edgar Louis "Beaver" Laprade (October 10, 1919 – April 28, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who played for the New York Rangers in the National Hockey League. The son of Thomas and Edith Laprade, he was born in the New Ontario community of Mine Centre. By age 4, he and his family moved to Port Arthur, Ontario. He also spent time with the Port Arthur Bearcats of the Thunder Bay Senior Hockey League. Context_4 : John Mahaffy (July 18, 1918 – May 2, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who played 37 games in the National Hockey League. Born in Montreal, Quebec, he played for the New York Rangers and Montreal Canadiens. He married Angie Péloquin around 1961. He died on May 2, 2015. Context_5 : Jerry Allan Holland (born August 25, 1954) is a Canadian retired ice hockey player who played 37 games in the National Hockey League for the New York Rangers. Context_6 : Warren Norris (born (1974--)19 1974 in St. John's, Newfoundland) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who currently plays for EC KAC in the Austrian Hockey League. He has previously played in the American Hockey League (AHL) and the International Hockey League (IHL) in North America and in the British Ice Hockey Superleague, the Slovak Extraliga and the Swiss Nationalliga A. He has also played two season with the touring Canadian national ice hockey team. Context_7 : Warren Russell Oatman (February 19, 1905 – October 25, 1964) - was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Oatman played 121 games in the National Hockey League with the Detroit Cougars, Montreal Maroons and New York Rangers. His brother Eddie Oatman also played professional ice hockey. Russell had only one son Gerry Oatman as well as three grand children Debbie, Gerry Jr. and his professional hockey playing brothers namesake Eddie Oatman. Context_8 : The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City. They are members of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden, located in the borough of Manhattan. The Rangers are one of three NHL franchises in the New York metropolitan area, along with the New Jersey Devils and New York Islanders. The club is also one of the oldest teams in the NHL, having joined in 1926 as an expansion franchise. They are part of the group of teams referred to as the Original Six, along with the Boston Bruins, Chicago Blackhawks, Detroit Red Wings, Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs. The Rangers were the first NHL franchise in the United States to win the Stanley Cup, which they have done four times, most recently in 1993–94. Context_9 : Gordon Robert "Gosh" Pettinger (November 11, 1911 in Harrogate, England, United Kingdom – April 12, 1986) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who played eight seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers, Detroit Red Wings, and Boston Bruins. Pettinger won four Stanley Cups with three teams, the 1933 New York Rangers, 1936 and 1937 Detroit Red Wings, and the 1939 Boston Bruins. He is one of only 11 players in Stanley Cup history to win the Cup with three or more teams. His brother Eric played in the NHL for several teams, including the Boston Bruins and the Toronto Maple Leafs. Context_10 : John Vanbiesbrouck (born September 4, 1963), nicknamed "the Beezer" and "VBK", is an American professional ice hockey executive and former player. A goaltender as a player, he was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 2007. Vanbiesbrouck played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers, Florida Panthers, Philadelphia Flyers, New York Islanders, and New Jersey Devils. He began his career playing major junior hockey for the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following a successful season with the Greyhounds, he was drafted by the New York Rangers in the fourth round, 72nd overall, in the 1981 NHL Draft. After his junior career ended, he played for the Rangers minor league affiliate, the Tulsa Oilers of the Central Hockey League. Despite the team's near collapses due to financial concerns, Vanbiesbrouck led the Oilers to a league championship and shared the league's MVP honors. fact_1 :  Born in Montreal, Quebec, he played for the New York Rangers and Montreal Canadiens. fact_2 : The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City. Answer: New York City
[A]: John Mahaffy was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who played 37 games in the National Hockey League, he played for the New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in which city?


[Q]: Context_1 : Meic Stevens (born March 13, 1942) is a Welsh singer-songwriter often referred to as "the Welsh Dylan", who has been compared with Syd Barrett. Stevens's songs have a mystical, faintly psychedelic flavour, and are mostly sung in his native Welsh language. Still largely unknown outside Wales, he was discovered by DJ Jimmy Savile, who saw him performing in a Manchester folk club in 1965. This led to Stevens recording his first single - with arranger John Paul Jones (later of Led Zeppelin) - for Decca Records that same year, though it sold badly. Context_2 : James Dean Bradfield (born 21 February 1969) is a Welsh singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. He is known for being the lead guitarist and lead vocalist for the Welsh alternative rock band Manic Street Preachers. Context_3 : Sarah Howells is a Welsh singer-songwriter and trance vocalist. She is also one half of the Welsh folk / indie band Paper Aeroplanes and in 2015 began a solo project called Bryde. Context_4 : "For the singer, see Meic Stevens." Context_5 : Kosheen are a British electronic music group based in Bristol, United Kingdom. The group consists of Welsh singer-songwriter Sian Evans (born 9 October 1971, Caerphilly), songwriter-producer Markee Ledge (born Mark Davies, 1974, Springburn, Glasgow) and Darren Decoder (born Darren Beale, 1974, Bristol). The name Kosheen derives from the name of a North American Apache Warrior, Cochise. When in Japan, it was discovered that a combination of the Japanese words for "old" (古, romanized transliteration 'ko') and "new" (新, 'shin') would make 'Kosheen' in Japanese. Context_6 : 9Bach is an alternative folk group formed by Welsh singer-songwriter and pianist Lisa Jên and guitarist Martin Hoyland, a veteran of 1990s alt-rock band Pusherman. The group now includes Ali Byworth (drums and percussion), Dan Swain (bass guitar), Esyllt Glyn Jones (harp, vocals), and Mirain Roberts (vocals). The sextet's name puns on "nain", the word for "grandmother" in north Wales; "bach" means "small" in Welsh. Context_7 : Sir James Wilson Vincent Savile, OBE, KCSG ( ; 31 October 1926 – 29 October 2011) was an English DJ, television and radio personality, dance hall manager, and charity fundraiser. He hosted the BBC television show "Jim'll Fix It", was the first and last presenter of the long-running BBC music chart show "Top of the Pops", and raised an estimated £40 million for charities. At the time of his death he was widely praised for his personal qualities and as a fund-raiser. After his death, hundreds of allegations of sexual abuse were made against him, leading the police to believe that Savile had been a predatory sex offender—possibly one of Britain's most prolific. There had been allegations during his lifetime, but they were dismissed and accusers ignored or disbelieved; Savile took legal action against some accusers. Context_8 : Cate Le Bon (born Cate Timothy on 4 March 1983) is a Welsh singer-songwriter, now based in Los Angeles. She sings in both English and Welsh. She has released four solo albums, three EPs and a number of singles. Le Bon is also known for her collaborations with among others Manic Street Preachers, Neon Neon, and Matt Davies. Context_9 : Martyn Joseph (born 15 July 1960) is a Welsh singer-songwriter whose music exhibits primarily a brand of Celtic and folk, while his songwriting is often focused on social lament or protest. From independently releasing his first studio release, "I'm Only Beginning" in 1983, to his latest 2015 album, "Sanctuary", Joseph's career has spanned thirty-four years and three different labels – Sony, Grapevine and his own Pipe Records. In 2004, he won the Best Male Artist Category in the BBC Welsh Music Awards. Context_10 : Geraint Griffiths (born 1949) is a Welsh singer-songwriter and actor. He works mainly in the Welsh language. fact_1 :  Still largely unknown outside Wales, he was discovered by DJ Jimmy Savile, who saw him performing in a Manchester folk club in 1965. fact_2 : Sir James Wilson Vincent Savile, OBE, KCSG ( ; 31 October 1926 – 29 October 2011) was an English DJ, television and radio personality, dance hall manager, and charity fundraiser. Answer: Jimmy Savile
[A]:
Meic Stevens is a Welsh singersongwriter, discovered by which DJ ?