Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: The etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease remain unknown. However, neutrophil infiltration into the inflammatory lesion is an important process in inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we used rat trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) ileitis as a Crohn's disease model, and investigated the effects of oral IS-741 (which inhibits the expression of Mac-1, a cell adhesion molecule) on leukocyte-endothelial interactions.", 'Rat ileitis was induced by the intraluminal injection of a TNBS solution (160 mg/kg in 50% ethanol) at a site 10 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. The rats then received oral IS-741 (50 mg/kg) or saline for 7 days. On the day 8 after the initial administration of IS-741 or saline, we determined the visible damage score, and assessed myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Concentrations of cytokines in the ileum, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also investigated the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and Mac-1 positive cells by histological examinations.', 'The administration of IS-741 resulted in a significant reduction of the visible damage score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and mucosal IL-8 levels in the ileum as compared with the saline administration. IS-741 also dramatically reduced the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and Mac-1 positive cells into the inflamed lesions.
Answer: These results indicate that the oral administration of IS-741 inhibits neutrophil infiltration into inflamed lesions, and is effective for attenuating rat TNBS ileitis. This new anti-inflammatory agent may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
[A]: Does a novel diamino-pyridine derivative ( IS-741 ) attenuate rat ileitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid?


[Q]: Context: To establish the role of FHIT in the pathogenesis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).', 'We examined genomic alterations, as well as, mRNA and protein expression patterns from the FHIT gene, in 48 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. Additionally, p53 mutations were analyzed.', 'Aberrant FHIT transcripts were detected in 11 of 48 surrounding non-tumor liver tissues and 27 of 48 HCC samples (22.9% vs 56.3%, P = 0.002). No point mutations were identified within the open reading frame region of FHIT. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the FHIT locus was detected in 4 of 42 informative cases for D3S1300, and 3 of 29 informative cases for D3S1313. Reduced expression of FHIT protein (Fhit) was observed in 8 (16.7%) of 48 HCC samples, with complete loss of Fhit in only 1 case. There were no associations with abnormal transcripts, LOH, and Fhit expression. p53 mutations were identified in 9 of the 48 HCC cases. However, none of the cases displayed a G to T transversion at p53 codon 249.
Answer: Aberrant FHIT transcripts were more common in HCC tissues as compared to non-cancerous liver tissues. However, Fhit expression was lost or reduced in a minor fraction of HCC tissues, while it was strongly expressed in non-cancerous liver tissues. Therefore, our study suggests that FHIT plays a role in relatively few HCC cases in South Korea.
[A]: Are fragile histidine triad gene alterations essential for hepatocellular carcinoma development in South Korea?


[Q]: Context: To investigate the effect of therapeutic hypothermia in the prognostic value of the pituitary-adrenal axis in comatose patients after cardiac arrest.', 'Prospective observational study in intensive care units (ICU) of a university and an affiliated regional hospital.', 'Twenty-nine consecutive patients, in coma after cardiac arrest, admitted to the ICU and treated by hypothermia.', 'On ICU-admission (T=1), at reaching the target of 32-33 degrees C during therapeutic hypothermia (T=2), at the end of hypothermia (T=3) and 48h later (T=4), plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), serum cortisol, albumin and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) were measured. A short 250 microg ACTH test was performed at each time-point, except at T=1. The free cortisol index (FCI) and free cortisol calculated by Coolens method were also evaluated.', 'The ICU mortality was 59%, including withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in 45% because of negative somatosensory evoked potentials. ACTH and (free) cortisol levels (mean 13.1 pmol/L vs. 6.0 pmol/L and 1250 nmol/L vs. 596 nmol/L, respectively) were higher in non-survivors than in survivors. Levels decreased in time, but the relative difference between outcome groups was maintained until T=4. The cortisol response to ACTH was lower in non-survivors at T=3 (P=0.047) only.
Answer: In comatose patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest, the pituitary-adrenal axis is activated particularly in those dying in the ICU, irrespective of therapeutic hypothermia. Hence, activation of the axis may be a marker of fatal cerebral damage. There is no firm evidence for relative adrenal insufficiency associated with death and a transiently blunted cortisol response to ACTH in non-survivors may be attributed to higher baseline values.
[A]:
Is the pituitary-adrenal axis activated more in non-survivors than in survivors of cardiac arrest , irrespective of therapeutic hypothermia?