TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: The final ruler of this dynasty severed his daughter's arm in an attempt to kill his entire family during its final days. In one criminal case, this dynasty saw an expansion of the "Nine Exterminations" to also include the killing of friends as well as family members. The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception was founded in this dynasty's capital by one of its advisors, Matteo Ricci. This dynasty dispatched the treasure ships of the admiral Zheng He and moved the empire's capital from Nanking. It was founded by a former leader of the Red Turban rebellion, the Hongwu Emperor. For 10 points, name this Chinese dynasty that made Beijing the capital, succeeded the Mongols, and was itself supplanted by the Manchus in the 1640's.

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: Notable translators of it include Alexander Heidel, who rendered all the dirty passages into Latin, and John Gardner. The characters include Siduri "whose drinks refresh the soul" and Ninsun the title character's mother, who interprets many of this dreams. Often known by its first line "He who saw everything," in the latter part of the work the hero encounters talking scorpions who allow him to ascend Mount Mashu and a snake who steals the plant of eternal life which Utnapishtam had told him of. Earlier the hero slew Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven with his friend Enkidu. For 10 points - identify this Babylonian poem about a king of Uruk.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: Tarui's disease is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme required for this process. Fluoride and iodoacetate inhibit it. The TIM barrel protein motif was named for an enzyme in this pathway. Warburg discovered that cancer cells exclusively make use of this pathway. This process' rate-limiting step is activated by AMP, is inhibited by ATP, and is catalyzed by (*) phosphofructokinase. Gluconeogenesis is roughly the reverse of this process. It is divided into an energy investment and an energy payoff period. In this pathway's first reaction, hexokinase phosphorylates glucose. For 10 points, name this process which occurs in the cytoplasm and forms pyruvate as the first step in cellular respiration.

SOLUTION:
Science