In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Ex Input:
Context: Lung cancer is the most important cause of cancer mortality worldwide, but the underlying mechanisms of this disease are not fully understood. Copy number variations (CNVs) are promising genetic variations to study because of their potential effects on cancer.', 'Here we conducted a pilot study in which we systematically analyzed the association of CNVs in two lung cancer datasets: the Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology (EAGLE) and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial datasets. We used a preestablished association method to test the datasets separately and conducted a combined analysis to test the association accordance between the two datasets. Finally, we identified 167 risk SNP loci and 22 CNVs associated with lung cancer and linked them with recombination hotspots. Functional annotation and biological relevance analyses implied that some of our predicted risk loci were supported by other studies and might be potential candidate loci for lung cancer studies.\Question: Does combined analysis with copy number variation identify risk loci in lung cancer?

Ex Output:
Our results further emphasized the importance of copy number variations in cancer and might be a valuable complement to current genome-wide association studies on cancer.


Ex Input:
Context: Benign esophageal strictures are frequently encountered pathologies occurring due to various reasons. Repeated dilatations may be needed, particularly in resistant strictures. This study aimed to evaluate patients who underwent repeated dilatations in our clinic due to resistant esophageal strictures.', 'Sixteen patients who underwent multiple dilatations in our clinic with the diagnosis of resistant benign esophageal stricture between 2007 and 2014 were studied for age, sex, etiology, symptoms, complications, number of dilatations, and intervals between dilatations. Under general anesthesia, all patients underwent dilatation with Savary-Gilliard bougie dilators with the help of rigid esophagoscopy.', 'In 10 of the patients, stenosis was cervical, and in others it was in the thoracic esophagus. The mean dilatation performance was 4.4 (range: 3-12). In 9 patients, dilatations were performed when the patients presented with the complaint of dysphagia. Following the initial dilatation performed for dysphagia, 7 patients underwent endoscopy and dilatation 3-5 times with 1-week intervals without waiting for the development of dysphagia symptoms. These patients developed no complications, and no stenting was needed. In 5 patients, restenosis developed despite multiple dilatations, and esophageal stent placement was performed.\Question: Is recurrent dilatation in resistant benign esophageal strictures : timing significant?

Ex Output:
Dilatations performed at frequent intervals without waiting for the symptoms of dysphagia can contribute to safer and more effective results in resistant benign esophageal strictures.


Ex Input:
Context: Data on the association of memory performance with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are inconsistent. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological battery (CERAD-NB) is a commonly used validated cognitive tool; however, only few studies have examined its relationship with CSF biomarkers for AD. We studied the correlation of pathological changes in CSF biomarkers with various CERAD-NB subtests and total scores.", 'Out of 79 subjects (36 men, mean age 70.5 years), 63 had undergone an assessment of cognitive status with CERAD-NB and a CSF biomarker analysis due to a suspected memory disorder, and 16 were controls with no memory complaint.', 'In women we found a significant correlation between CSF amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) and several subtests measuring delayed recall. Word List Recall correlated with all markers: Aβ1-42 (r = 0.323, p = 0.035), tau (r = -0.304, p = 0.050) and hyperphosphorylated tau (r = -0.331, p = 0.046). No such correlations were found in men.\Question: Does low Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-Beta Concentration be Associated with Poorer Delayed Memory Recall in Women?

Ex Output:

CSF biomarkers correlate with delayed memory scores in CERAD-NB in women, and women may have more actual AD pathology at the time of the investigations than men.