Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological condition that is characterized by the irresistible urge to move the legs and is very common. In the last decade, much attention has been focused on RLS, given its high occurrence, underdiagnosis, and impact on quality of life.', 'To determine the frequency of RLS in a neurologic-psychiatric outpatient clinic.', 'We interviewed patients attending a private neurological outpatient clinic, using a standardized validated questionnaire, and an additional phone interview to confirm diagnosis.', 'Of approximately 800 people attending the clinic, the questionnaire was answered by 238 subjects (168 females). Fifteen percent of respondents were affected by RLS and none had been diagnosed before. Most patients had a severe form that probably required treatment.
Answer: A low awareness of RLS exists in Chile, even among specialized physicians.
[A]: Is [ Restless legs syndrome highly underdiagnosed in a neurologic-psychiatric outpatient clinic ]?


[Q]: Context: Approximately 12% of bound blood calcium is linked to various anions including phosphate. In patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), serum phosphate is highly variable. We propose that establishing a formula to calculate albumin- and phosphate-corrected total calcium would be more appropriate to estimate free calcium in ESKD patients.', 'In 82 haemodialysis patients, serum ionized calcium (Ca(ion)) and pH were measured by blood gas analyser with ion-selective electrodes at the point-of-care, while bicarbonate, phosphate, albumin, magnesium and total calcium (Ca(tot)) were measured at the central laboratory. Linear regression analysis of measured variables was used to best fit adjusted calcium versus Ca(ion).', 'The most parsimonious multiple linear regression model (r(2) = 0.81) of variables associated with Ca(ion) included Ca(tot) (coeff 0.820, P < 0.0001), albumin (coeff -0.016, P < 0.0001) and phosphate (coeff -0.063, P < 0.002). Modelling of available variables yielded the following equation to adjust calcium for albumin and phosphate: Ca(albPh) = Ca(tot) + (0.015 x (40 - [albumin]) + 0.07 x (1.5 - [phosphate])). At an ambient albumin of 40 g/L, Ca(albPh) would be 0.07 mmol/L lower than Ca(tot) for every mmol/L of phosphate. In vitro data using three different albumin levels and increasing phosphate concentrations demonstrated this relationship, with the slope of the phosphate effect being stronger at lower albumin concentrations.
Answer: Because guidelines recommendations indicate that corrected serum calcium should be maintained within the normal range in ESKD patients, inclusion of phosphate to correct Ca(tot) in these patients may have clinical implications on the choice of phosphate binders and the prescription of vitamin D or calcimimetic agents.
[A]: Is serum phosphate an important determinant of corrected serum calcium in end-stage kidney disease?


[Q]: Context: Accumulation of acetylcholine in the central nervous system is believed to account for the rapid lethality of organophosphate pesticides and chemical nerve agents. Diazepam is known to supplement atropine therapy, but its specific mechanism of action is uncertain.', 'To test four centrally acting agents for early antidotal efficacy in severe dichlorvos poisoning in the murine model.', 'The up-and-down method was used to dose four candidate antidotes: diazepam, xylazine, morphine, and ketamine. Antidotes were administered subcutaneously to unsedated adult Sprague-Dawley rats who were pretreated with 3 mg/kg intraperitoneal glycopyrrolate. All animals received 20 mg/kg of dichlorvos subcutaneously 5 minutes later. A blinded observer adjudicated the outcomes of 10-minute mortality and survival time.', 'All animals pretreated with either no antidote (8/8 deaths) or glycopyrrolate alone (8/8) died within 10 minutes of dichlorvos injection. Pretreatment with diazepam (3/9 deaths), or xylazine (3/9), decreased lethality substantially (Fisher p = 0.007; median effective doses, 0.12 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg, respectively). Intermediate doses of morphine (3.1 to 5.5 mg/kg) resulted in survival, but higher doses did not, presumably because of excessive respiratory depression (7/11 deaths; p = 0.09). Ketamine (7/8 deaths) was ineffective as an antidote. Survival times also were prolonged in the diazepam and xylazine groups (log-rank p < 0.001) and, to a lesser degree, the morphine group (p = 0.07).
Answer: Doses of diazepam, xylazine, and morphine below those used for deep sedation protect against severe dichlorvos poisoning, implying that several distinct central mechanisms are each sufficient to avert lethality. These findings suggest new possibilities for prophylaxis or therapy.
[A]:
Do multiple centrally acting antidotes protect against severe organophosphate toxicity?