In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

A fleet led by Lourenco de Almeida was among the first Europeans to colonize this modern day nation. One empire in this modern day nation, whose largest ethnic group is known as the Sinhalese, had its capital at Nallur. The Palk Strait is at the northern end of this nation, as is a series of small islands known as (*) Adam's Bridge. The northern tip of this island was also home to this nation's Jaffna kingdom, which ruled at the same time as other empires on this modern country like the Kotte Kingdom and the Kandy Kingdom. For 10 points, name this Asian nation once known as Ceylon.
History

One of these organic compounds is converted to an alkene by a diorganochromium compound in the Takai olefination. Compounds may be reduced to this functionality via the use of DIBAL-H (die-bahl aitch), and alkynes are formed by a reaction of these compounds with tetrabromomethane and triphenylphosphine named for Corey and Fuchs. When these organic compounds lack a hydrogen atom in the alpha position, their disproportionation can be induced by a base in the Cannizzaro reaction. These organic compounds are oxidized to carboxylic acids by a diamminesilver (I) complex, leading to the precipitation of metal onto the inside of the vessel, giving the positive "silver mirror" result of the Tollens test. For 10 points, name this special class of ketones with one R group being just hydrogen.
Science

The success of fractional distillation depends this value for substances in a solution. An isoteniscope is used to measure this for a liquid, and partial pressure is equal to the amount of this provided by a component of a mixture. One way to calculate this for varying temperatures is via the Antoine equation, which is derived from the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which this is equal to atmospheric pressure, and this value has a direct relationship with the volatility of a solution. For ten points, name this pressure, the pressure at equilibrium of the gas resulting from the boiling of a liquid.

Science