Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Growth factor therapy provides a therapeutic alternative for "no option" patients with coronary disease. Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) predominantly stimulates angiogenesis, the growth of new capillaries, whereas Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) is considered an arteriogenic agent. We hypothesised a synergetic effect of FGF-2 and MCP-1 in ischemic myocardium.', 'A severe coronary stenosis was created in pigs. After one week, chronic ischemia was confirmed by angiography, echocardiography, reduced ejection fraction, and increase of marker enzymes. FGF-2, MCP-1, both, or vector only were then injected intramyocardially as plasmid DNA in the impaired area. Regional contractility and number of capillaries and arterial vessels were evaluated after three months.', 'FGF-2, FGF-2+MCP-1, and vector, but not MCP-1 alone improved regional contractility at rest, whereas only FGF-2 alone ameliorated function under stress conditions. Angiogenesis in the ischemic area was stimulated by FGF-2 compared to MCP-1. In contrast, MCP-1 induced arteriogenesis relative to FGF-2.
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Clinical studies demonstrate increased prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated disease in HIV-infected individuals and an increased risk of HIV acquisition in HPV-infected individuals. The mechanisms underlying this synergy are not defined. We hypothesize that women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) will exhibit changes in soluble mucosal immunity that may promote HPV persistence and facilitate HIV infection.', 'The concentrations of immune mediators and endogenous anti-Escherichia coli activity in genital tract secretions collected by cervicovaginal lavage were compared in HIV-negative women with high-risk HPV-positive (HRHPV+) CIN-3 (n = 37), HRHPV+ CIN-1 (n = 12), or PAP-negative control subjects (n = 57).', 'Compared with control subjects, women with CIN-3 or CIN-1 displayed significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and IL-8 (P < 0.002) and significantly lower levels of anti-inflammatory mediators and antimicrobial peptides, including IL-1 receptor antagonist, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (P < 0.01), and human β defensins 2 and 3 (P < 0.02). There was no significant difference in endogenous anti-E. coli activity after controlling for age and sample storage time.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate intracellular redistribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptor (m2AChR) and the roles of receptor phosphorylation and gene transcription as underlying mechanisms in the rat heart during different phases of sepsis.', 'Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The density of m2AChR in the sarcolemmal and light vesicle fractions was studied using [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]-QNB). Phosphorylation of m2AChR was studied by labeling of the myocardial ATP pool by perfusing isolated hearts with [32P]H3PO4 followed by identification of the phosphorylated m2AChR with SDS-PAGE. The steady-state level of m2AChR mRNA was determined by RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis.', 'Septic rat hearts exhibit an initial hypercardiodynamic (9 h after CLP, early sepsis) and a subsequent hypocardiodynamic (18 h after CLP, late sepsis) state. During early sepsis, the Bmax for [3H]-QNB binding was increased in sarcolemma (+69%) but decreased in light vesicles (-22%), whereas during late sepsis, the Bmax was decreased in sarcolemma (-20%) but increased in light vesicles (+32%). The sum of Bmax for sarcolemmal and light vesicle fractions was increased during early sepsis (+43%) but decreased during late sepsis (-14%). The phosphorylation of m2AChR was decreased during early sepsis (-73%) but increased during late sepsis (+36% to +90%). The m2AChR mRNA abundance was increased during early sepsis (+52%) but decreased during late sepsis (-28%).

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