TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: He adapted Joseph Blackburn's portrait d'apparat method for his works depicting a fat-looking woman with a blue book in Mrs. James Russell, Katherine Graves, an old elegant lady with a hint of a mustache in Mrs. Thomas Boylston, and a red-coated Samuel Adams. Influenced by John Smibert, his later historical works include The Death of the Earl of Chatham and The Death of Major Peirson. His The Boy with a Squirrel got him noticed, and he also painted a famous portrait of Paul Revere at his silver shop. FTP, name this American artist who depicted a dangerous incident occurring in Havana harbor in his Watson and the Shark.

SOLUTION: Fine Arts

PROBLEM: Iannis Xenakis used eight so-called "sound complexes" in a solo work for this instrument called Nomos Alpha. Six beats on the body of these instruments begin the main theme in Arvo Part's orchestration of Fratres for twelve of them. An ensemble consisting entirely of these instruments was founded in the 1970s by twelve members of the Berlin Philharmonic. The first of Villa-Lobos's Bachianas Brasileiras was composed for (*) eight of these instruments, while Jacqueline du Pre popularized Edward Elgar's concerto for it. J.S. Bach's six unaccompanied suites for this instrument were famously recorded by both Mstislav Rostropovich and Pablo Casals. For 10 points, name this instrument played by Yo-Yo Ma which joins two violins and a viola in a string quartet.

SOLUTION: Fine Arts

PROBLEM: Rado developed a sigma function for one of these objects, and Martin developed one of the first of a special variety, which are named for Post and are defined as program formulations of simple ones. The Cohen-Kung theorem guarantees that the trajectory of one of them, Langton's Ant, is unbounded, and another example of them is the Busy Beaver. It is undecidable whether a particular one will stop for a certain input, a dilemma called the halting problem, and their namesake lends his name along with Church's to a thesis governing them. Consisting of a tape, action table, state register and a read/write 'head,' FTP, name these simple devices which can be adapted to perform the logic of any computer.

SOLUTION:
Science