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Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a liver enriched transcription factor and is indispensable for liver development. However, the role of HNF4α in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains to be elucidated. We report that reduced HNF4α expression correlated well with the aggressive clinicopathological characteristics of HCC and predicted poor prognosis of patients. HNF4α levels were even lower in metastatic HCCs, and ectopic HNF4α expression suppressed the metastasis of hepatoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Forced HNF4α expression attenuated the expression and nuclear translocation of RelA (p65) and impaired NF-κB activation through an IKK-independent mechanism. Blockage of RelA robustly attenuated the suppressive effect of HNF4α on hepatoma cell metastasis. MicroRNA (miR)-7 and miR-124 were transcriptionally up-regulated by HNF4α, which repressed RelA expression by way of interaction with RelA-3' untranslated region (UTR). In addition, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) up-regulated the expression of miR-21 in hepatoma cells, resulting in decreased HNF4α levels through down-regulating HNF4α-3'UTR activity.
Does hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α-nuclear factor-κB feedback circuit modulate liver cancer progression?

GM-CSF has broad clinical applicability as a potent myelopoietic stimulator. However, its function is not restricted to the myelopoietic system and several observations suggest that GM-CSF may interfere with the hemostatic balance. In order to assess whether GM-CSF has any influence on hemostasis, we evaluated some coagulative and fibrinolytic parameters in patients treated with GM-CSF following chemotherapy.', 'Fibrinolytic activity (FA), fibrinogen and D-dimer were evaluated before and after high-dose cyclophosphamide in 6 patients additionally treated with GM-CSF and in 5 control patients; moreover, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was assayed in those treated with GM-CSF. Comparative in vitro analysis was performed on cultured endothelial cells before and after exposure to GM-CSF.', 'Control patients showed a significant decrease in plasma FA after chemotherapy compared to basal values (FA/mm2: 15.6 +/- 2.1 at day + 2 and 20.8 +/- 19 at day + 4 vs. 103.8 +/- 64.2 at day 0; p < 0.005); conversely, no FA reduction was observed in GM-CSF-treated subjects. In this latter group a marked increase in tPA antigen was seen, consistent with enhanced FA. No significant changes in plasma D-dimer and fibrinogen values were detected in the two groups. tPA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, PAI-1 and procoagulant activity were evaluated in vitro on cultured human endothelial cells and found to be unchanged following GM-CSF addition.
Is reduction of plasma fibrinolytic activity following high-dose cyclophosphamide neutralized in vivo by GM-CSF administration?

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) occurs after the administration of intravenous iodinated contrast agents. Oxidative stress has been proposed as one of the most important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CI-AKI. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of the extract from Phyllanthus emblica (PE) in preventing CI-AKI.', 'Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected into eight groups, were given water (control) or PE extract (125 or 250 or 500 mg/kg/day) for 5 days before the induction of CI-AKI. Renal function and oxidative stress markers; malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity were determined in plasma and renal tissue. Kidney sections were performed for histopathological examination.', 'In the contrast media (CM) group, increases in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were demonstrated which correlated with severity of tubular necrosis, peritubular capillary congestion and interstitial edema. Moreover, an increase in MDA and a decrease in TAC SOD and CAT activity in CM group were significantly changed when compared with the control (P<0.05). In contrast, CI-AKI-induced rats administrated with PE extract 250 and 500 mg/kg/day significantly preserved renal function and attenuated the severity of pathological damage (P<0.05) as well as significantly lower MDA and higher TAC, SOD and CAT than the CM group (P<0.05).

Does antioxidant effect of Phyllanthus emblica extract prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury?