Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is characterized by vascular remodeling, high pulmonary blood pressure, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Oxidative stress, inflammation and pulmonary artery remodeling are important components in PAH. Ellagic acid (EA) is a phenolic compound with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties. This study aimed to investigate whether EA could prevent the development of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH in rats.', 'Male Sprague-Dawley rats received EA (30 and 50mg/kg/day) or vehicle one day after a single-dose of monocrotaline (MCT, 60mg/kg). Hemodynamic changes, right ventricular hypertrophy, and lung morphological features were assessed 4weeks later. Activation of the NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome pathway in the lungs was assessed using Western blot analysis.', 'MCT induced PAH, oxidative stress, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vehicle-treated rats. EA reduced the right ventricle systolic pressure, the right ventricular hypertrophy and the wall thickness/external diameter ratio of the pulmonary arteries compared with vehicle. EA also inhibited the MCT-induced elevation of oxidative stress, NLRP3, and caspase-1, IL-β in the lungs and the elevated levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and inflammatory cytokines in serum.

A: Does ellagic acid prevent monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rats?
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Q: As HPV-induced cases of oral malignancy increase, it is important to understand the molecular differences between HPV positive and negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs aberrantly expressed in cancer. We analyzed global piRNA expression patterns to define the HNSCC piRNA transcriptome and assess whether HPV infection status associates with changes in piRNA levels.', 'A total of 498 HNSCC small RNA sequencing libraries were acquired from the Cancer Genomics Hub (cgHUB) Data Repository and a custom sequence analysis pipeline was developed to deduce piRNA expression from raw sequencing data. Expression matrices were aligned to clinicopathological features in order to analyze piRNA expression patterns across different HNSCC groups. The association of a piRNA signature with HPV-positive patient survival was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazard model.', 'Analysis of piRNA levels between HNSCC and non-malignant tissues revealed distinct expression patterns, with 87 piRNAs exclusively expressed in tumor samples. HPV infection status affected the expression of 41 of these piRNAs. Eleven (26.8%) piRNAs were significantly downregulated in HPV16/18 tumors compared to other HPV types. Remarkably, expression of a combination of five-piRNAs in HPV-positive HNSCC tumors was associated with worse overall survival.

A: Is hPV status associated with altered PIWI-interacting RNA expression pattern in head and neck cancer?
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Q: Slumped posture is a diagnostic feature of depression. While research shows upright posture improves self-esteem and mood in healthy samples, little research has investigated this in depressed samples. This study aimed to investigate whether changing posture could reduce negative affect and fatigue in people with mild to moderate depression undergoing a stressful task.', 'Sixty-one community participants who screened positive for mild to moderate depression were recruited into a study purportedly on the effects of physiotherapy tape on cognitive function. They were randomized to sit with usual posture or upright posture and physiotherapy tape was applied. Participants completed the Trier Social Stress Test speech task. Changes in affect and fatigue were assessed. The words spoken by the participants during their speeches were analysed.', 'At baseline, all participants had significantly more slumped posture than normative data. The postural manipulation significantly improved posture and increased high arousal positive affect and fatigue compared to usual posture. The upright group spoke significantly more words than the usual posture group, used fewer first person singular personal pronouns, but more sadness words. Upright shoulder angle was associated with lower negative affect and lower anxiety across both groups.

A:
Does upright posture improve affect and fatigue in people with depressive symptoms?
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