In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Input: Consider Input: Context: For patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is a major contributor to progressive lung disease. While colonizing strains are thought to be primarily environmental, which environments are important in lung colonization is unclear.', 'We took 11,674 samples from a broad range of sites over 3-8 visits to homes with (7) and without (8) CF patients.', 'Twenty-eight percent of sampled drains yielded P. aeruginosa at least once, and a general mixed linear model estimated that 6.3% of samples from drains yield P. aeruginosa. This is more than eight times the estimated recovery from any other type of household environment.\Question: Is pseudomonas aeruginosa in CF and non-CF homes found predominantly in drains?

Output: These findings implicate drains as important potential sources of P. aeruginosa infection. They suggest that maximizing P. aeruginosa control efforts for drains would reduce exposure with minimal extra burden to CF patients and families.


Input: Consider Input: Context: Coagulation Factor XIII (FXIII) plays an important role in wound healing by stabilizing fibrin clots and cross-linking extracellular matrix proteins. FXIII is expressed in cells of the monocyte/macrophage and dendritic cell lineages in response to type 2 cytokines.', 'We sought to determine the association between FXIII and asthma pathobiology.', 'We analyzed the expression of FXIII mRNA and protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage samples obtained before and after segmental allergen challenge from patients with mild asthma and in induced sputum samples collected from patients with mild-to-moderate and severe asthma.', 'FXIII mRNA and protein levels were highly upregulated in bronchoalveolar cells and fluid after allergen challenge and mRNA levels correlated with protein levels. In sputum of asthmatic patients, FXIII expression was positively correlated with type 2 immune response and dendritic cell markers (CD209 and CD207). FXIII expression was also associated with increased airflow limitation (FEV1/forced vital capacity and residual volume/total lung capacity ratios) and greater reversibility to β-agonists.\Question: Does airway factor XIII associate with type 2 inflammation and airway obstruction in asthmatic patients?

Output: FXIII expression was upregulated in the airways of asthmatic patients after allergen exposure. Expression in the sputum of asthmatic patients correlated with the type 2 immune response and airflow limitation. Excessive activity of FXIII could contribute to the pathophysiology of airway obstruction in asthmatic patients.


Input: Consider Input: Context: Carbapenem-resistant strains have been increasingly reported over the last few years. In this study we used laboratory records to determine the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant strains from hospitalized patients with emphasis on the comparative analysis of the incidence in various health-care settings.', 'From January 2012 to November 2012 and from May 2013 to November 2013, we evaluated 566 strains (Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp.). All isolates were tested and analyzed according to their antibiotic resistance phenotypic pattern. Laboratory results were correlated with data regarding admission in different clinical wards.', 'Among 566 isolates, 191 carbapenem-resistant or carbapenem-intermediate strains (33.74%) were detected. Non-fermentative species were the most prevalent carbapenem-resistant organisms, 80.62% of 191 carbapenem-resistant or carbapenem-intermediate strains isolated were Acinetobacter spp., and 17.27% of 191 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Apart from that, only 4 (2.09%) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) strains were identified. We identified 59.30% of 172 strains isolated from patients hospitalized in anesthesia and intensive care units non-susceptible to carbapenems. The main mechanism associated with carbapenem resistance could be the production of carbapenemase in combination with impermeability.\Question: Does carbapenem Resistance in Non-Fermentative Bacterial Species and in Enterobacteriaceae isolate from Hospitalized Patients in Different Health-Care Settings?


Output: Our study demonstrates that infections with carbapenem-resistant strains are correlated with hospitalization in intensive care units. Our data showed a predominant carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. strain in intensive care units.