Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Old compared with young adults walk with reduced ankle and increased hip mechanical output. We examined the idea that age, leg strength, or both are related to the age-related changes in mechanical output during gait.', 'Healthy young (n = 32, age 21.5 years) and old adults (n = 32, age 76.8 years) participated in biomechanical gait analyses at 1.5 m/s and were also measured for maximal leg strength.', 'Analysis 1 confirmed previous data as old compared with young adults walked with 50 % more hip positive work and 18 % less ankle positive work. Analysis 2 showed that leg strength did not affect gait kinetics in groups of subjects with similar ages. In a weak young and a strong old group, Analysis 3 showed that old adults still walked with 23 % greater hip positive work. The group by joint interaction in Analysis 4 was suggestive of an even greater reliance on hip and less reliance on ankle work in weak compared with strong old adults.
Answer: Age and leg strength both contribute to the age-related changes in mechanical output during gait. Exercise prescription, normally targeting the knee extensors, should also involve ankle and hip muscles.

Output: Do age and muscle strength mediate the age-related biomechanical plasticity of gait?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD).', 'To determine the relationship between resolution of NASH and dyslipidemia.', 'Individuals in the Pioglitazone vs. Vitamin E vs. Placebo for the Treatment of Nondiabetic Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (PIVENS) trial with paired liver biopsies and fasting lipid levels were included (N = 222). In the PIVENS trial individuals were randomised to pioglitazone 30 mg, vitamin E 800 IU or placebo for 96 weeks. Change in lipid levels at 96 weeks was compared between those with and without NASH resolution.', 'Dyslipidemia at baseline was frequent, with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (<40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women) in 63%, hypertriglyceridaemia (≥150 mg/dL) in 46%, hypercholesterolaemia (≥200 mg/dL) in 47% and triglycerides (TG)/HDL >5.0 in 25%. Low-density lipoprotein (LD) ≥160 mg/dL was found in 16% and elevated non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) (≥130 mg/dL) in 73%. HDL increased with NASH resolution but decreased in those without resolution (2.9 mg/dL vs. -2.5 mg/dL, P < 0.001). NASH resolution was associated with significant decreases in TG and TG/HDL ratio compared to those without resolution (TG: -21.1 vs. -2.3 mg/dL, P = 0.03 and TG/HDL: -0.7 vs. 0.1, P = 0.003). Non-HDL-C, LDL and cholesterol decreased over 96 weeks in both groups, but there was no significant difference between groups. Treatment group did not impact lipids.
Answer: NASH resolution is associated with improvements in TG and HDL but not in other cardiovascular disease risk factors including LDL and non-HDL-C levels. Individuals with resolution of NASH may still be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00063622.

Output: Is nASH resolution associated with improvements in HDL and triglyceride levels but not improvement in LDL or non-HDL-C levels?


Input: Consider Input: Context: To describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of the second family with a recently described recessive syndrome characterized by posterior microphthalmos, retinitis pigmentosa, foveoschisis, and optic disk drusen.', 'Observational case report.', 'Three affected subjects and one healthy sibling from a consanguineous marriage from Spain were studied. Complete ophthalmologic examinations including A- and B-mode ultrasonography (US), electroretinography (ERG), fluorescein retinal angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed in each individual. Genetic analysis included polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct nucleotide sequencing of the complete MFRP gene.', 'All three affected siblings had bilateral shortening of the posterior ocular segment associated with high hyperopia and normal anterior segment dimensions. Best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 20/200 to 20/60. Funduscopy, ERG, and FA were compatible with retinitis pigmentosa, and B-mode ultrasound showed optic disk drusen. OCT analysis revealed outer retinal layer schisis with absence of foveal pit. Inheritance of this syndrome followed an autosomal recessive pattern. Molecular analysis revealed a novel homozygous 1-bp deletion (c.498delC) in exon 5 of MFRP, predicting a prematurely truncated protein (P166fsX190). A healthy sister demonstrated to be a carrier of the mutation.
Answer: We confirmed that the syndrome of posterior microphthalmos, retinitis pigmentosa, foveoschisis, and optic disk drusen constitutes a distinct autosomal recessive entity. The novel frameshift mutation identified in the family described here validates MFRP as the gene responsible for this particular disease, which characteristically involves structures located at the posterior segment of the eye.


Output: Does a novel mutation confirm MFRP as the gene causing the syndrome of nanophthalmos-renititis pigmentosa-foveoschisis-optic disk drusen?