TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : Die Rose vom Liebesgarten is a 1900 opera by Hans Pfitzner to a libretto by James Grun, one of Pfitzner's fellow students at the Frankfurt Conservatory, which had been prompted by an 1890 painting by Hans Thoma "Der Wächter vor dem Liebesgarten". Context_2 : The Symphony in C is an early work by the French composer Georges Bizet. According to "Grove's Dictionary", the symphony "reveals an extraordinarily accomplished talent for a 17-year-old student, in melodic invention, thematic handling and orchestration." Bizet started work on the symphony in C major on 29 October 1855, four days after turning 17, and finished it roughly a month later. It was written while he was studying at the Paris Conservatoire under the composer Charles Gounod, and was evidently a student assignment. Bizet showed no apparent interest in having it performed or published, and the piece was never played in his lifetime. He used certain material from the symphony in later works, however. There is no mention of the work in Bizet's letters, and it was unknown to his earlier biographers. His widow, Geneviève Halévy (1849–1926), gave the manuscript to Reynaldo Hahn, who left it along with other papers to the archives of the conservatory library, where it was found in 1933 by Jean Chantavoine. Soon thereafter, Bizet's first British biographer Douglas Charles Parker (1885–1970) showed the manuscript to the conductor Felix Weingartner, who led the first performance in Basel, Switzerland, on 26 February 1935. Context_3 : Das Christ-Elflein ("The Little Elf of Christ") is an opera in two acts by Hans Pfitzner to a German-language libretto by Pfitzner and Ilse von Stach. The work was originally premiered in 1906 as a Christmas play by von Stach with incidental music by Pfitzner. It was later revised by the composer into a two-act opera (the version performed today) which premiered in Dresden on 11 December 1917. Context_4 : Hans Erich Pfitzner (5 May 1869 – 22 May 1949) was a German composer and self-described anti-modernist. His best known work is the post-Romantic opera "Palestrina", loosely based on the life of the sixteenth-century composer Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. Context_5 : Fritz Schaetzler (May 13, 1898 – February 3, 1994) was a German baritone and "Kammersänger." He studied under Anna Bahr-Mildenburg. From 1919 to 1922, he was engaged at the Nationaltheater München; from 1922-1947, he was engaged at the Staatsoper Stuttgart. Concealing physical disabilities, including an amputated leg and a paralyzed hand, that resulted from injuries suffered during the Second Battle of Flanders, he performed throughout Europe (Prague, Bordeaux, Oslo et al.). Over the course of his career, he collaborated with prominent conductors and composers of the era (Hans Knappersbusch, Clemens Krauss, Bruno Walter, Wilhelm Furtwaengler, Richard Strauss, Hans Pfitzner, Carl Orff, Ernst Krenek et al.). Roles included Wolfram, Beckmesser, Figaro, Rigoletto, Tonio. Context_6 : Luise Willer (1888–1970) was a German operatic contralto. She made her professional opera debut in 1910 as Annius in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's "La clemenza di Tito". She spent most of her career performing at the Bavarian State Opera in Munich. At the Bayreuth Festival, she portrayed Brängane in "Tristan und Isolde". She created roles in several world premieres during her career, including Barbara in Erich Wolfgang Korngold's "Violanta" (1916), Lukrezia in Hans Pfitzner's "Palestrina" (1917), Graben-Liese in Franz Schreker's "Das Spielwerk" (1920), and Herzogin in Pfitzner's "Das Herz" (1931) among others. Context_7 : Georges Bizet (] ; 25 October 18383 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre César Léopold Bizet, was a French composer of the romantic era. Best known for his operas in a career cut short by his early death, Bizet achieved few successes before his final work, "Carmen", which has become one of the most popular and frequently performed works in the entire opera repertoire. Context_8 : The Symphony in C "Roma" is the second of Georges Bizet's symphonies. Unlike his first symphony, also in C major, which was written quickly at the age of 17, "Roma" was written over an eleven-year span, between the ages of 22 and 33 (he died at age 36). Bizet was never fully satisfied with it, subjecting it to a number of revisions, but died before finishing his definitive version. All four movements were performed in his lifetime, but never all on the same occasion. The full symphony in its latest revision was premiered in 1875, after his death. It is perhaps because of Bizet's dissatisfaction that the work is often said to be "unfinished". However, in the form in which it exists today, it is a complete work and is fully scored. It has been recorded a number of times but is not often heard on the concert platform. Context_9 : Carmen Suite is a one-act ballet created in 1967 by Cuban choreographer Alberto Alonso to music by Russian composer Rodion Shchedrin for his wife, prima ballerina assoluta Maya Plisetskaya. The premiere took place on 20 April 1967 at the Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow. The music, taken from the opera "Carmen" by Georges Bizet and arranged for strings and percussion, is not a 19th-century pastiche but rather "a creative meeting of the minds," as Shchedrin put it, with Bizet's melodies reclothed in a variety of fresh instrumental colors (including the frequent use of percussion), set to new rhythms and often phrased with a great deal of sly wit. Initially banned by the Soviet hierarchy as "disrespectful" to the opera for precisely these qualities, the ballet has since become Shchedrin's best-known work and has remained popular in the West for what reviewer James Sanderson calls "an iconoclastic but highly entertaining retelling of Bizet's opera." Context_10 : Alma Templeton Moodie (12 September 18987 March 1943) was an Australian violinist who established an excellent reputation in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. She was regarded as the foremost female violinist during the inter-war years, and she premiered violin concertos by Kurt Atterberg, Hans Pfitzner and Ernst Krenek. She and Max Rostal were regarded as the greatest proponents of the Carl Flesch tradition. She became a teacher at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt. However, Alma Moodie made no recordings, and she appears in very few reference sources. Despite her former renown, her name became virtually unknown for many years. She appeared in earlier editions of Grove's and Baker's Dictionaries, but does not appear in the more recent editions. fact_1 : Georges Bizet (] ; 25 October 18383 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre César Léopold Bizet, was a French composer of the romantic era. fact_2 : Hans Erich Pfitzner (5 May 1869 – 22 May 1949) was a German composer and self-described anti-modernist. Question: Who was born earlier, Georges Bizet or Hans Pfitzner?

SOLUTION: Georges Bizet

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Carlos de Grunenbergh, also known as Carlo Grunenberg, was a Flemish architect and military engineer active in the late 17th century. He mainly designed fortifications in Sicily and Malta. He was also a member of the Order of Saint John. Context_2 : Antonio Ferramolino was a 16th-century Italian architect and military engineer. He is also known as Sferrandino da Bergamo, and is called Hernan Molin in Spanish sources. He is mostly known for his work in Sicily, but he also designed fortifications in Croatia and Malta. Context_3 : Amisfield railway station was a station which served Amisfield, in the Scottish county of Dumfries and Galloway. It was served by trains on a local line which ran between the Caledonian Main Line (now known as the West Coast Main Line) at Lockerbie and the Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway at Dumfries . The latter station is now the nearest to Amisfield. Context_4 : Locharbriggs railway station was a station which served Locharbriggs, in the Scottish county of Dumfries and Galloway. It was served by trains on a local line which ran between the Caledonian Main Line (now known as the West Coast Main Line) at Lockerbie and the Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway at Dumfries . Context_5 : Dunbar Castle is the remnants of one of the strongest fortresses in Scotland, situated in a prominent position overlooking the harbour of the town of Dunbar, in East Lothian. Context_6 : Migliorino Ubaldini (active 1548), known also as "Captain Mellerin," was an Italian military engineer working in Scotland. He designed new fortifications at the entrances of Edinburgh Castle, Dunbar Castle, and possibly the walled town of Leith. Context_7 : Shieldhill railway station was a station which served Shieldhill, in the Scottish county of Dumfries and Galloway. It was served by trains on a local line which ran between the Caledonian Main Line (now known as the West Coast Main Line) at Lockerbie and the Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway at Dumfries . Context_8 : Hans Alexis von Biehler (June 16, 1818 - December 30, 1886) - was a Prussian general. He designed fortifications in many famous locations. Beginning in 1873, he saw fort construction in Cologne, Strasbourg, Poznań, Toruń, Königsberg, Ingolstadt, Metz, Kostrzyn, Spandau, Ulm, Mainz and Magdeburg. Context_9 : Meigle railway station served the village of Meigle in the Scottish county of Perth and Kinross. The station was on the Alyth Railway from Alyth Junction on the Scottish Midland Junction Railway running between Perth and Arbroath . Context_10 : Lochmaben railway station was a station which served Lochmaben, in the Scottish county of Dumfries and Galloway. It was served by trains on a local line which ran between the Caledonian Main Line (now known as the West Coast Main Line) at Lockerbie and the Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway at Dumfries . fact_1 :  He designed new fortifications at the entrances of Edinburgh Castle, Dunbar Castle, and possibly the walled town of Leith. fact_2 : Dunbar Castle is the remnants of one of the strongest fortresses in Scotland, situated in a prominent position overlooking the harbour of the town of Dunbar, in East Lothian. Question: Migliorino Ubaldini designed fortifications for the castle in what Scottish county?

SOLUTION: East Lothian

PROBLEM: Context_1 : A mail-order bride is a woman who lists herself in catalogs and is selected by a man for marriage. In nineteenth-century America, mail-order brides came from well-developed areas on the Eastern seaboard to marry men in Western frontier lands. In the twentieth century, the trend was towards women living in developing countries seeking men in more developed nations. In the twenty-first century, the trend is now based primarily on internet-based meeting places which do not per se qualify as mail-order bride services. The majority of the women listed in the twentieth-century and twenty-first-century services are from Southeast Asia, countries of the former Eastern Bloc and (to a lesser extent) from Latin America. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union large numbers of eastern European women have advertised themselves in such a way, primarily from Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova. Men who list themselves in such publications are referred to as "mail-order husbands," although this is much less common. Context_2 : The Museum of Asian Art (German: "Museum für Asiatische Kunst" ) is located in the Dahlem neighborhood of the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf , Berlin, Germany. It is one of the Berlin State Museums institutions and is funded by the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. It houses some 20,000 Asian artifacts, making it one of the largest museums of ancient Asian art in the world. The museum is located in the same building as the Ethnological Museum of Berlin. The museum houses important collections of Art houses of South, Southeast and Central Asian countries and art from the Indo-Asian cultural area, from the 4th millennium BC to the present. Its geographic reach covers regions in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, the Autonomous Region of Tibet and Xinjiang of the People's Republic of China, the Southeast Asian countries of Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and also the Indonesian Islands or archipelago. Context_3 : T.K.V. Rajan, a well- known archaeologist and media personality is the Founder - Director of Indian Science Monitor and Indo-Asian Foundation of Archaeological Research. The Foundation conducts expeditions, seminars and interactions with archaeologists from different Asian countries to strengthen age-old cultural ties among Asian countries. While he was studying  post graduate in  ancient history and archeology at the University of Madras and later working as a journalist, Rajan lectured on Indian archeology and  organized exhibitions at the British Council and Max Muller Bhavan, Lalith Kala Academy, Chennai. As an Archaeologist, Rajan has been concerned about the impact of science and technology on the traditional Indian society. Rajan has also presented “Our Buried Past”, a documentary serial for Madras Doordarshan. Recently, his audio-visual exhibitions presented for the concerned public have created an impressive impact on the viewers. His exhibition on “Ancient Tamil civilization in Sri Lanka”, brought out a message why India and Sri Lanka should come together beyond political boundaries for conserving the age old link. Reviews about this exhibition appeared favourably both in and Sri Lanka. He unveiled “Christ and Krishna”, a curious archaeological presentation at Ramakrishna Vedanta Society, Irvine, Texas, which explored the recent archaeological research of these Great Gods whose teaching run parallel in many aspects. His archaeological exhibition and power point presentation on "In Search of Krishna" presented in Bangalore, Mayapur,New Delhi, Chennai, Coimbatore and Dallas USA received appreciations. Context_4 : ACeS (PT Asia Cellular Satellite) was a regional satellite telecommunications company based in Jakarta, Indonesia. It offered GSM-like satellite telephony services to Asian market. The coverage area included Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, China and India. The company operated the Garuda 1 satellite, launched on February 12, 2000. A second satellite (Garuda 2) was planned but never materialized. ACeS was formed by a joint venture of PT. Pasifik Satelit Nusantara (PSN), Lockheed Martin Global Telecommunication (LMGT), Jasmine International Overseas Ltd of Thailand and Philippine Long Distance Telephone Co. (PLDT). ACeS services were marketed by National Service Providers (NSPs) in six countries; PT. Pasifik Satelit Nusantara in Indonesia, ACeS Regional Services in Thailand, Smart ACeS in the Philippines, TMTouch/Celcom in Malaysia, AVCO in Nepal and Mobitel in Sri Lanka. Context_5 : Asians in Germany or German Asians (German: Deutsch-Asiaten ) are German citizens of full or partial Asian descent. The term "Asian German" is also applied to foreign residents of Asian origin living in the Federal Republic of Germany. German Asians have been present in Germany in small numbers since the 19th century and originate primarily from countries like Vietnam, China, Thailand, India, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Sri Lanka, South Korea, Japan or the Philippines. Although Germany's official census data doesn't collect specific data on ethnicity or race, the number of people with an Asian "migrant background" is listed in statistical reports. As of 2011, there were approximately 1,890,000 people in Germany who descended from inhabitants of Southeast Asia, East Asia, Central Asia or South Asia. These numbers do not include Western Asians such as Turks, Jews, Arabs or Iranians, however, they contain certain groups like Afghans or ethnic Russians from Central Asian countries the latter who are not specifically "Asian" by culture. Context_6 : Chamani Roshini Seneviratne (born 14 November 1978 in Anuradhapura) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. She scored Sri Lanka's only century in Women's Test cricket, with an unbeaten 105 against Pakistan in April 1998. She also did it on her debut. By scoring a test century on debut,she became only the eight batswoman to score a test hundred on debut. After Chamani Seneviratne's century on debut, in Sri Lanka cricket's history the first-ever test centurions on debuts for both Sri Lanka men's national cricket team as well as Sri Lanka women's national cricket team came on debuts of Brendon Kuruppu and Seneviratne, respectively. An all-rounder, she has played one Test and 47 One Day Internationals for Sri Lanka. Chamani Seneviratne has scored the most number of runs on debut test for Sri Lanka (148 runs in both innings) and she is also the leading runscorer for Sri Lanka in test matches, despite Sri Lanka Women's managing to play their only test in 1998. Her 148 runs on debut was also the fifth-highest by a woman on test debut. Context_7 : The Sri Lanka national baseball team is the national baseball team of Sri Lanka. Baseball was introduced to Sri Lanka in the mid 1980s. American Baseball coach Jim Dimick was the first official coach to teach the game to the players. The team represents Sri Lanka in international competitions. Sri Lanka took part in the first ever Asian Baseball Cup, which was held in Philippines in 1995. Twenty four countries belong to the Baseball Federation of Asia. In May 2009, Sri Lanka qualified for the Semi-finals of the Asian Baseball Championship for the first time. Context_8 : Sri Lanka is a source and destination country for men and women trafficked for the purposes of involuntary servitude and commercial sexual exploitation. Sri Lankan men and women migrate willingly to Kuwait, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Lebanon, the United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and South Korea to work as construction workers, domestic servants, or garment factory workers. However, some find themselves in situations of involuntary servitude when faced with restrictions on movement, withholding of passports, threats, physical or sexual abuse, and debt bondage that is, in some instances, facilitated by large pre-departure fees imposed by recruitment agents. Children are trafficked internally for commercial sexual exploitation and, less frequently, for forced labor. The designated Foreign Terrorist Organization Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) continued to recruit, sometimes forcibly, children for use as soldiers in areas outside the Sri Lankan government’s control. Government security forces may also be complicit in letting a pro-government paramilitary organization recruit, sometimes forcibly, child soldiers. Reports also indicate that a small number of women from Thailand, China, Russia, and other countries of the Newly Independent States are trafficked into Sri Lanka for commercial sexual exploitation. In November 2007, over 100 Sri Lankan peacekeeping soldiers were repatriated based on accusations that they engaged in sexual misconduct, some cases involving minors, in Haiti. The Government of Sri Lanka does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. Sri Lanka is placed on Tier 2 Watch List for failing to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of trafficking in persons over the previous year, particularly in the area of law enforcement. Context_9 : Sri Lanka Indo-Portuguese, Ceylonese Portuguese Creole or Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole (SLPC) is a language spoken in Sri Lanka. While the predominant languages of the island are Sinhala and Tamil, the interaction of the Portuguese and the Sri Lankans led to the evolution of a new language, Sri Lanka Portuguese Creole (SLPC), which flourished as a "lingua franca" on the island for over 350 years (16th to mid 19th centuries). SLPC continues to be spoken by an unknown, extremely small population. All speakers of SLPC are members of the Burgher community: descendents of the Portuguese and Dutch who founded families in Sri Lanka. Europeans, Eurasians, and Burghers account for 0.2% of the Sri Lankan population. Though only a small group of people actually continue to speak SLPC, Portuguese cultural traditions are still in wide practice by many Sri Lankans who are neither of Portuguese descent nor Roman Catholics. SLPC is associated with the Sri Lanka Kaffir people, an ethnic minority group. SLPC has been considered the most important creole dialect in Asia because of its vitality and the influence of its vocabulary on the Sinhalese language. Lexical borrowing from Portuguese can be observed in many areas of the Sinhalese language. Portuguese influence has been so deeply absorbed into daily Sri Lankan life and behavior that these traditions will likely continue into perpetuity. Context_10 : Japan foreign marriage is a phenomenon occurring in rural Japan. Since the mid 1980s, rural Japanese men have begun taking foreign brides, mainly those from the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and other Asian countries, as a way of countering the reduced number of women who are of marriageable, childbearing age that are willing to marry rural Japanese men. The phenomenon has created a new industry of foreign marriage brokering that uses both local governments and private organizations to facilitate the immigration of foreign brides. This is largely a result of an aging population in Japan where approximately 20% of the population is over the age of 65, which is exceptionally high, a fertility rate of only 1.3, and increased opportunities for women and increased costs in child care. fact_1 :  Since the mid 1980s, rural Japanese men have begun taking foreign brides, mainly those from the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and other Asian countries, as a way of countering the reduced number of women who are of marriageable, childbearing age that are willing to marry rural Japanese men. fact_2 : A mail-order bride is a woman who lists herself in catalogs and is selected by a man for marriage. fact_3 :  Men who list themselves in such publications are referred to as "mail-order husbands," although this is much less common. Question: How frequent is the male equivalent of this type of bride who lists herself in catalogs and is selected by a man for marriage and that rural Japanese men have begun taking from he Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and other Asian countries in the mid 1980s?

SOLUTION:
much less common