Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: To compare ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in nonoverweight, prepubertal children with and without primary snoring (PS), and to investigate whether PS is a part of the dose-response relationship between sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and BP in children.', 'This was a cross-sectional community-based study involving 190 children age 6 to 13 years. Each participant underwent an overnight sleep study and ABP monitoring after completing a validated sleep symptoms questionnaire. Individual systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial BP were calculated for wake and sleep periods. Subjects were hypertensive if mean SBP or DBP was > 95th percentile (relative to sex and height) of reference.', 'A total of 56 nonsnoring controls, 46 children with PS, 62 children with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 1 to 3, and 26 children with an AHI > 3 were identified. The daytime and nighttime BP increased across the severity spectrum of SDB. The dose-response trends for the proportion of subjects with nighttime systolic and diastolic hypertension also were significant. Nighttime DBP was significantly higher in the children with PS compared with controls after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index.

Output: 1


Input: Consider Input: The toxicity of anti-rheumatic gold compounds has limited their use and development, yet both the toxicological and therapeutic actions of these compounds remain unclear. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by Au(I) or Au(III) compounds mediate their ability to suppress mitochondrial activity.', 'Human THP1 monocytes were exposed to HAuCl(4) x 3H(2)O (Au(III)), or the anti-rheumatic compounds auranofin (AF) or gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) for 6-72 h, after which mitochondrial activity (succinate dehydrogenase) was measured. To assess the role of cellular redox status as a mediator of mitochondrial suppression, monocytes were pre-treated with a pro-oxidant (t-butyl hydroquinone, t-BHQ) or antioxidant (N-acetyl cysteine, NAC ). ROS levels were measured 0-24h post-gold addition to determine their role as mediators of mitochondrial activity suppression.', 'AF was the most potent inhibitor of mitochondrial activity, followed by Au(III) and GSTM. Only Au(III) induced intracellular ROS; no ROS formation was observed in response to AF or GSTM exposure. Although anti- and pro-oxidants had some effects on mitochondrial suppression of Au compounds, collectively the data do not support redox effects or ROS formation as major mediators of Au-compound mitochondrial suppression.

Output: 0


Input: Consider Input: Restenosis of arteries or bypass grafts after vascular reconstruction is a common clinical entity that significantly limits long-term patency. This process, termed intimal hyperplasia (IH), is characterized by smooth muscle cell proliferation in the intima and subsequent accumulation of intercellular matrix. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that endothelial cell (EC) seeding of acutely injured arteries accelerates reendothelialization of the flow surface and limits the development of IH.', 'ECs were harvested from jugular veins of New Zealand white rabbits (n = 13) and were amplified in tissue culture. Each animal subsequently underwent bilateral balloon catheter injury of the iliofemoral arteries; one side was immediately seeded with cultured autologous ECs at supraconfluent density, whereas the contralateral vessel served as a nonseeded control. Animals were killed 33 +/- 5 days after balloon injury. Intimal thickening was quantitated on histologic sections of vessels (three sections per vessel, total of 60 sections) and percent endothelialization was assessed by SEM; measurements were obtained by use of computer-aided morphometry performed by a blinded observer. Data were analyzed by use of a paired t test for comparison between seeded and control vessels.', 'Seeded vessels exhibited a greater degree of reendothelialization (93.9% +/- 7.6% of the surface) than their unseeded counterparts (65.1% +/- 22.5%, p < 0.01). Intimal cross-sectional area and the ratio of intimal area to medial area were not significantly different between seeded and control vessels (intima: 0.32 +/- 0.19 vs 0.37 +/- 0.11 mm2, p = 0.28; intimal area to medial area ratio: 0.84 +/- 0.35 vs 1.02 +/- 0.2, p = 0.24).


Output: 0