In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

This country's Mar Chiquita is northeast of its second-largest city. Its capital city contains a planetarium named after Galileo and the 9th of July Avenue, which honors this country's independence day. Its province of Corrientes is separated from the Chaco province by the Parana River, and it is home to the Mapuche tribes, which inhabit its eastern pampas and Patagonia regions. The tallest mountain in this country as well as the entire Western and Southern Hemispheres, is Aconcagua. For 10 points, name this South American country claiming sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, with capital Buenos Aires.
Social Science

In his early career, this man repeatedly lost to the forces of Muhammad Shaybani. This man took advantage of the scheming of Alam Khan and Dualat Khan to defeat Ibrahim Lodi in battle. Shortly after that battle, this man defeated the Rajput army of Rana Sanga at the Battle of Khanua. This descendant of (*) Tamurlane made several unsuccessful attempts to capture Samarkand and was forced to capture Kabul instead. This man was succeeded by his son Humayan and defeated the Delhi sultanate at the first Battle of Panipat. For 10 points, name this founder of the Mughal Empire.
History

During the battle of Lincoln, this man was captured by William de Cahaigne and afterwards imprisoned on the orders of his cousin. After the death of his son Eustace, this man signed the treaty of Wallingford which would settle his succession once and for all. His claim to power was made possible by his brother Theobald's lack of interest, and got Innocent II's papal blessing. His wife, Matilda of Boulogne, was an important ally, and she managed to have him released by exchanging him for Robert, Earl of Gloucester, his cousin's most prominent general. His mother, Adela, was a daughter of William the Conqueror, which gave him a claim on the throne. He further claimed that Henry I had appointed him as successor on his deathbed, with led to struggle with the Empress Matilda, known as the Anarchy. FTP, who was this last Norman king of England, predecessor of Henry II

History