In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
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Question: The title cup dominates a cloudy landscape in this painter's The Giant's Chalice and a mountain pass is depicted in his The Notch in the White Mountains. One series of paintings by this artist includes works like The Savage State, Consummation, and Decline, while another comprises Childhood, Youth, Manhood, and Old Age. Due to his many depictions of its landscapes, the fourth tallest of the Catskills mountains is named for him. Founder of Hudson River School, FTP, name this painter of the two series of paintings The Voyage of Life and The Course of Empire

Answer: Fine Arts


Question: The differential of this quantity, which is given in general by minus Boltzmanns constant times the thermodynamic temperature times the natural logarithm of the partition function, is non-positive for isothermal, isometric processes, so it is minimized for equilibria in constant-temperature, constant-volume systems. It gives the available useful energy from a closed system, so it is usually symbolized A from the German for work. The p-V Legendre transform of a similar quantity named for Gibbs, it is given by the internal energy minus the absolute temperature times the entropy. For 10 points, name this thermochemical quantity, a thermodynamic potential named for a German physicist.

Answer: Science


Question: supercritical fluid of this molecule has been studied for use as a homogeneous solvent, and one method to increase solubility of compounds in that solution is to introduce perfluoroalkyl groups. It reacts favorably with serpentine minerals, and the slow rate of that reaction can be increased greatly through the use of a microwave furnace. It can be reacted with hydrogen to form water in the Bosch reaction, which can be used to create graphite samples for carbon dating, and it can be used to produce a carboxyllic acid when reacted with a magnesium halide. When dissolved in blood, it increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, a result known as the Bohr effect, and it is temporarily added to pyruvate to form oxaloacetate at the start of gluconeogenesis by a biotin-containing enzyme. For 10 points, name this molecule which is added to ribulose bisphosphate in the Calvin cycle in a reaction catalyzed by RuBisCO.

Answer:
Science