Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: Our objective was to identify the antioxidant properties of honeybee products from Turkey, chestnut honey, pollen, propolis, and royal jelly, and their hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats.', 'Animals were fed with honeybee products for 7 days following CCl4 injection. Development of liver damage and oxidative stress were monitored by measuring the activities of the enzymes alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Antioxidant capacities of the bee products were identified using FRAP and DPPH assays, as well as by measuring total phenolic and flavonoid contents.', 'The antioxidant activities of the honeybee products were highest in propolis, followed, in order, by pollen, honey, and royal jelly. Despite their different levels of antioxidant capacity, their roles in the prevention of liver damage induced by CCl4 were very similar, which can be explained through their bioavailability to the treated animals.

Answer: 1


Question: The ability of Yersinia pestis to form a biofilm is an important characteristic in flea transmission of this pathogen. Y. pestis laterally acquired two plasmids (pPCP1and pMT1) and the ability to form biofilms when it evolved from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are thought to play a crucial role in the processes of biofilm formation and pathogenesis.', 'A pPCP1-derived sRNA HmsA (also known as sR084) was found to contribute to the enhanced biofilm formation phenotype of Y. pestis. The concentration of c-di-GMP was significantly reduced upon deletion of the hmsA gene in Y. pestis. The abundance of mRNA transcripts determining exopolysaccharide production, crucial for biofilm formation, was measured by primer extension, RT-PCR and lacZ transcriptional fusion assays in the wild-type and hmsA mutant strains. HmsA positively regulated biofilm synthesis-associated genes (hmsHFRS, hmsT and hmsCDE), but had no regulatory effect on the biofilm degradation-associated gene hmsP. Interestingly, the recently identified biofilm activator sRNA, HmsB, was rapidly degraded in the hmsA deletion mutant. Two genes (rovM and rovA) functioning as biofilm regulators were also found to be regulated by HmsA, whose regulatory effects were consistent with the HmsA-mediated biofilm phenotype.

Answer: 0


Question: Hypocalcemia is the most common complication after total thyroidectomy. Some patients need to stay in the hospital for monitoring of hypocalcemic symptoms and serum calcium levels for several days. We investigated the efficacy and safety of using early postoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) results for early discharge after thyroidectomy.', 'A retrospective cohort study of 2 sequential groups of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy between January 2010 and March 2013 was undertaken. Patients were divided into 2 groups. In Group 1 (before June 2011), patients had daily monitoring of serum calcium level and hypocalcemic symptoms. They were discharged when calcium level was static and asymptomatic. Postoperative PTH was not utilized for discharge plan. In Group 2 (after June 2011), postoperative PTH and calcium level on day 1 were utilized to dictate subsequent management and discharge plan.', 'Of the 107 patients reviewed, 54 (50.5%) were in Group 1 and 53 (49.5%) were in Group 2. A total of 51 (47.7%) patients developed hypocalcemia. The two groups were comparable in demographic data, early postoperative PTH value, rate of hypocalcemia, the need for oral calcium and vitamin D supplements and rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism. Fewer patients in Group 2 experienced hypocalcemic symptoms, p=0.005. None of the patients in Group 2 needed intravenous calcium supplement (p=0.003). The median postoperative hospital stay for Group 1 was 4 days and for Group 2 was 1 day (p<0.0001).

Answer:
1