instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: Reg IV, a secreted protein and member of the Reg multigene family, is up-regulated in malignancies of the human gastrointestinal tract, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, in vitro signal transduction pathway(s) utilized by Reg IV are not yet known.', 'To determine the signaling pathway(s) responsive to Reg IV, we examined the effects of purified recombinant human Reg IV (rhR4) on HCT116 and HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells.', 'Addition of rhR4 to cultures led to a dose-dependent increase in cell number similar to that observed after treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF). In addition, rhR4 treatment resulted in rapid phosphorylation of EGF receptor at Tyr992 and Tyr1068 and Akt at Thr308 and Ser473. Using luciferase reporter gene assays, we demonstrated that Reg IV signaling through EGF receptor and Akt results in increased activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor activity. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses revealed quantitative increases in c-Jun, JunB, JunD, and FosB expression associated with increased AP-1 activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay further revealed significant increases in AP-1 binding activity in rhR4-treated cells, with increased supershift in the presence of antibodies to JunB, JunD, and FosB. Furthermore, rhR4 treatments led to the increased expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, survivin, and matrilysin, genes associated with a poor prognosis in advanced CRC.\Question: Does reg IV activate the epidermal growth factor receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in colon adenocarcinomas?
answer:
Reg IV is a potent activator of the EGF receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in CRC. Disruption of Reg signaling may have utility as a therapeutic intervention for human gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.


question:
Context: By using the techniques of PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), we established a classification method for HBV genome based on viral S gene of asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsC).', 'By using this method we classified HBV DNA of AsC living in Guangzhou, Shenyang, Beijing and Chongqing.', 'Among the AsC of Guangzhou, genotype B was 32.8%, genotype C 42.7%, mixed genotypes B and C 23.0%, others 1.6%; among the AsC of Chongqing, genotype B was 35.0%, genotype C 40.0%, mixed genotypes B and C 25.0%; among the AsC of Beijing, genotype B was 25.0%, genotype C 50.0%, mixed genotypes B and C 25.0%; among the AsC of Shenyang, genotype B was 11.1%, genotype C 88.9%. The prevalent HBV strains in China are genotype C and genotype B, and genotype C is the main genotype in west China.\Question: Does [ Establishment of a method for classification of HBV genome and it 's application ]?
answer:
The established method for genotyping is simple and convenient. Using this method, we also classified HBV DNA of the patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis living in Guangzhou, and found that mixed genotypes B and C was in 50.0% of the patients detected, suggesting the mixed infection might lead to a severe damage of the liver tissue.


question:
Context: Conflicting results have been reported regarding the predicative roles of alloreactive natural killer (NK) cells on the outcomes of transplantation in leukaemia patients.', 'We prospectively analysed the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing of donor-recipient pairs and the KIR typing of the donors in 97 CML patients to address the predictive roles of NK cells in relapse undergoing T-cell-replete haploidentical transplantation.', "Patients with class I ligands for the donor-inhibitory KIR gene exhibited decreased molecular and haematologic relapse rates (P=0.003 and P=0.015, respectively). There was a significantly reduced risk of molecular and haematologic relapse in patients with HLA-C1C2 or C2C2 who accepted donors with KIR2DS1 or in patients with HLA-Bw4 who accepted donors with KIR3DS1 ('recipient with relevant KIR ligand for donor-activating KIR', n=25), compared with the remaining transplants (n=72, P=0.009 and P=0.009, respectively). In addition, the presence of class I ligand in the recipients of donor-activating KIR contributed to a decreased relapse rate in patients lacking class I ligand in the recipient of donor-inhibitory KIR (P=0.04 and P=0.03, respectively).\Question: Does hLA and KIR genotyping correlate with relapse after T-cell-replete haploidentical transplantation in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients?
answer:

This study suggests that the presence of class I ligands for the donor-activating or donor-inhibitory KIR gene in the recipient might confer some protection against leukaemic relapse in T-cell-replete haploidentical transplantation.