TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: One party in this conflict was led for part of it by the namesake of a battleship famous in a later conflict, the Duke of Caxias. This clash was precipitated by the ouster of Atansio Aguirre. Victory at Curupayty forestalled defeat for the eventual losers, whose fate was practically sealed after the naval Battle of Riachuelo. This war's namesake treaty was the brainchild of Bartolom Mitre, who favored the Colorado Party over the Blanco Party in Uruguay. FTP, name this conflict in which Paraguay under Francisco Solano Lpez was eventually defeated by the namesake entity, consisting of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: A namesake protein component of this structure is detected by Toll-like Receptor 5. Tg737, whose mutation causes polycystic kidney disease in mice, is responsible for transport within this structure, which is also dependent upon complexes of IFT proteins. Y. Pestis uses a structure homologous to these to inject virulence factors into host cytoplasm, known as the Type III secretory system. They have a P, L, and MS ring in gram-negative bacteria, and in all organisms their central body is called the axonene. In Eukaryotes, they contain a 9+2 set of microtubules around a central pair and use dyenin and ATP hydrolysis to power their whipping motion. Similar to cilia, for 10 points, name these projections used by cells to swim.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: approximated the time period of one ruler of this polity through evidence found on the Olympic Discus. One ruler of this polity gave Cleombrotus power in an effort to pass reforms that would redistribute land to the perioikoi. Another of its reformers introduced a council of twenty eight men over sixty years of age called the (*) Gerousia and introduced the agoge program. Its general Pausanias led the Greek coalition forces at Plataea and was part of its Agiad family, which along with the Eurypontids provided its two kings. This city's forces were crushed by Thebans at the Battle of Leuctre. Its government included five ephors and its economy rested on the labor of helots. For 10 points, name this warlike Greek city state, the major rival of Athens.

SOLUTION:
History