TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
PROBLEM: Context: Poor condition at operation determined by the physiologic POSSUM score is related to postoperative mortality and morbidity of colorectal cancer surgery. This study was designed to analyze the relationship between condition of patients with colorectal cancer at operation and long-term overall survival.', 'A total of 542 patients survived a radical resection for Stages I, II, or III colorectal cancer. Physiologic POSSUM score at surgery, exclusive of age, was calculated for all patients. Mean physiologic POSSUM score was used as cutoff point to determine low-risk and high-risk group patients. A Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to study the effect of low-risk and high-risk group on overall survival and to identify independent risk factors.', 'Five-year overall survival was significantly higher in low-risk group patients than in high-risk group patients (low-risk group 66.6 percent vs. high-risk group 48.5 percent; P < 0.001). Differences in overall survival also were found when patients in Stages I, II, and III were analyzed separately. Risk factors for overall survival were advanced stage of disease, poor tumor differentiation, mucinous adenocarcinoma, older than age 70 years, and poor condition of the patient at time of operation.\Question: Does pOSSUM predict decreased overall survival in curative resection for colorectal cancer?

SOLUTION: Poor condition at operation, as determined by physiologic POSSUM score, is a risk indicator for long-term overall survival in colorectal cancer patients.

PROBLEM: Context: The gene(s) encoding for endomorphin precursor(s) is/are still unknown. We have raised the possibility of and did find some evidence for a potential de novo biosynthetic route starting from Tyr-Pro precursor. To pursue further this possibility we measured the generation of immunoreactive endomorphin-2 (E2-IR) in adult rat isolated L4,5 dorsal root ganglia.\Question: Is immunoreactive endomorphin 2 generated extracellularly in rat isolated L4,5 dorsal root ganglia by DPP-IV?

SOLUTION: In rat isolated dorsal root ganglia the combination of presumed biosynthetic precursor of endomorphin 2 (E2), Tyr-Pro with the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor Ile-Pro-Ile generated 1.60+/-0.37 pg/mg Wet Tissue Weight_30 min E2-IR in the bathing fluid (n=4) with an 8-fold increase upon depolarization whereas the tissue content was low (0.50+/-0.08 pg/mg_WTW). Substance P, as determined by ELISA in the pilot experiments, was found almost exclusively within the tissues. It is concluded that E2-IR was generated extracellularly by a membrane-bound DPP-IV, which was switched to "synthase" mode by the hydrolase inhibitor Ile-Pro-Ile. DPP-IV was depolarization-sensitive in "synthase" functional mode.

PROBLEM: Context: To evaluate the presence of a spontaneous pulsatile release of kisspeptin and whether it is temporally coupled to LH pulses.', 'Experimental study.', 'Academic medical center.', 'Thirty young healthy eumenorrheic women aged 20-37\xa0years were included in the study group. All subjects were white women admitted to the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.', 'Kisspeptin, FSH, LH, E2, PRL, and insulin were evaluated in all subjects at baseline.', 'All women underwent a pulsatility study measuring LH and kisspeptin plasma concentrations to assess the spontaneous episodic secretion of both hormones, sampling every 10\xa0minutes for 2\xa0hours from 9:00 to 11:00 a.m. for a total of 12 blood samples. Detection and specific concordance (SC) algorithms were used to detect pulses and their concordance.', 'A significant endogenous secretory pattern was demonstrated for both LH and kisspeptin over the 2-hour duration of the study (2.4 ± 0.1 peaks/2\xa0h). The computation of the SC index showed for the first time that kisspeptin and LH are cosecreted and temporally coupled at time "0," and their peaks occur at the same point in time.\Question: Is spontaneous endogenous pulsatile release of kisspeptin temporally coupled with luteinizing hormone in healthy women?

SOLUTION:
The present study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that kisspeptin is highly relevant in the regulation and modulation of reproductive functions in humans.