TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: In his later work he distinguished between value that is invoked when an interpersonal exchange occurs and value as denoting the qualitative mental evaluation of elements. Using these definitions, he created an algebra of social exchange in his Sociological Studies. In his earlier work he argued that information processing is guided by a need for equilibrium, which is restored by either assimilating new information into old patterns, or altering the old pattern to accommodate the new information. Known for his belief in instinctual "schemas" of behavior at birth, he sought to understand the formation of knowledge in terms of "genetic epistemology. " FTP, name this French developmental psychologist, best known for positing four stages of development beginning with the sensorimotor.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: Ostwald ripening is a consequence of this quantity's dependence on particle size. This quantity is plotted against temperature in an Ellingham diagram, and the Margules and van Laar equations relate this quantity to the activity coefficient. Phillips and Williams modified a diagram plotting this quantity over the Faraday constant against the oxidation state, the (*) Frost diagram. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter appears in a namesake expression giving the "partial molar" value of this quantity, also generally referred to as chemical potential. It is equivalent to the work done under constant pressure and temperature, and this quantity "of formation" is negative for thermodynamically stable compounds. For 10 points, give this thermodynamic quantity, whose change is equal to the change in enthalpy minus the product of temperature and the change in entropy, which is named after an American scientist.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: During this man's reign, the Gregorian law code was issued, while his economic reforms included the creation of seven new mints and instituting the iugum and capitatio taxes. His armies put down the Bagaudae revolt in Gault, the attempts of Achilleus and Domitius Domitianus to make Egypt independent, and the British usurper Carausius. This issuer of the Edict of Maximum Prices won a battle for supremacy at the (*) Margus. He rose to power after executing Aper, supposedly fulfilling a prophecy about killing a boar, during a campaign against Persia in which Numerian died mysteriously. After disposing of his rival Carinus, he established Sirmium, Trier, Milan and Nicomedia as subsidiary capitals. Lactantius was not a big fan of one of this man's policies, and he built a palace at Split in Croatia that he retired to. This emperor installed Maximian, Galerius, and Constantius Chlorus to high positions, and he instigated a major purge of Christians. For 10 points, name this Roman emperor who resolved the Crisis of the Third Century by creating the augustus-caesar system or tetrarchy.

SOLUTION:
History