Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Context: Long-QT syndrome (LQTS), a cardiac arrhythmia disorder with variable phenotype, often results in devastating outcomes, including sudden cardiac death. Variable expression, independently from the primary disease-causing mutation, can partly be explained by genetic modifiers. This study investigates variants in a known LQTS-causative gene, AKAP9, for potential LQTS-type 1-modifying effects.', "Members of a South African LQTS-type 1 founder population (181 noncarriers and 168 mutation carriers) carrying the identical-by-descent KCNQ1 p.Ala341Val (A341V) mutation were evaluated for modifying effects of AKAP9 variants on heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc), cardiac events, and disease severity. Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in AKAP9 rs11772585, rs7808587, rs2282972, and rs2961024 (order, 5'-3'positive strand) were genotyped. Associations between phenotypic traits and alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes were statistically assessed, adjusting for the degree of relatedness and confounding variables. The rs2961024 GG genotype, always represented by CGCG haplotype homozygotes, revealed an age-dependent heart rate-corrected QT interval increase (1% per additional 10 years) irrespective of A341V mutation status (P=0.006). The rs11772585 T allele, found uniquely in the TACT haplotype, more than doubled (218%) the risk of cardiac events (P=0.002) in the presence of A341V; additionally, it increased disease severity (P=0.025). The rs7808587 GG genotype was associated with a 74% increase in cardiac event risk (P=0.046), whereas the rs2282972 T allele, predominantly represented by the CATT haplotype, decreased risk by 53% (P=0.001).
Answer: AKAP9 has been identified as an LQTS-type 1-modifying gene. Variants investigated altered heart rate-corrected QT interval irrespective of mutation status, as well as cardiac event risk, and disease severity, in mutation carriers.

A: Is aKAP9 a genetic modifier of congenital long-QT syndrome type 1?
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Q: Context: The aim of this clinical study were to compare the clinical efficacy of ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) when used in combination with autogenous cortical bone graft (ACB) in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.', 'The study was planned as a split-mouth design. Fifteen patients with chronic periodontitis at 30 sites (six men, nine women; 42 ± 7 years) were included. Treatment sites had probing pocket depths (PPD) of ≥ 6 mm and osseous defect depths of ≥ 4 mm as radiographically assessed. Following the initial periodontal therapy, patients were randomly assigned to two treatments in contralateral areas of the dentition: ACB + ABS or ACB alone. At baseline and 6 mo after surgery, clinical parameters of plaque index, gingival index, PPD, clinical attachment level and gingival recession (GR) were recorded. The primary outcome variable was the change in clinical attachment level between baseline and 24 wk after surgery. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected immediately before surgery and at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 wk after the surgery. Gingival crevicular fluid volume was calculated and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in gingival crevicular fluid were measured.', 'PPD decreased, clinical attachment level improved and gingival index decreased significantly in response to both modes of treatment (p < 0.05). Both treatment modalities resulted in a significant gain in radiographic bone levels compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Intergroup comparisons showed that there was a significantly higher gain in clinical attachment level in the ABS/ACB group compared to ACB group (p < 0.05) with significantly less GR (p < 0.05). Similarly, vascular endothelial growth factor concentration in gingival crevicular fluid was significantly higher in the ABS/ACB group at postoperative weeks 2 and 4 compared to the ACB group (p < 0.01).
Answer: The findings suggest that ABS enhances the soft tissue healing during the periodontal defect fill by the ACB by stimulating angiogenesis and vascular endothelial cell function, prevents GR and thereby increases the clinical attachment gain.

A: Does ankaferd blood stopper enhance healing after osseous grafting in patients with intrabony periodontal defects?
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Q: Context: D-serine, the endogenous co-agonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), is considered to be essential for learning and memory. The aim of the current investigation was to systematically evaluate the role of D-serine on addiction behaviors considered to be mediated by the nucleus accumbens (NAc).', 'D-Serine concentration in the NAc was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference (CPP) models were used to evaluate the relation between changes in serine in the nucleus accumbens and cocaine-induced behavioral effects. The expression of serine racemase (SR), D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and upstream kinases, and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors subunits were analyzed by western blot. Long-term depression (LTD) in the NAc was investigated by electrophysiological methods.', 'The NAc slices obtained from the behavioral sensitization rats presented significantly reduced D-serine concentrations, increased expression of DAAO, and down-regulated expression of SR in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, D-serine injections into the nucleus accumbens blocked the development of behavioral sensitization and caused extinction of CPP. The ERK-CREB-Fos pathway and the NMDA receptor NR2B subunits in the NAc were involved in the cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. We also found that D-serine was essential for NMDAR-dependent LTD and D-serine-regulated LTD in a bell-shaped concentration-dependent manner. The disrupted NMDAR-dependent LTD in the NAc of cocaine-treated rats was reversed by D-serine.
Answer: Our results provide evidence for a critical role of D-serine in synaptic plasticity relevant to cocaine addiction and indicate that D-serine may be an effective therapeutic agent for cocaine addiction.

A:
Does d-Serine in the nucleus accumbens region modulate behavioral sensitization and extinction of conditioned place preference?
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