In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Ex Input:
Adults over 65 years of age are more vulnerable to infectious disease and show poor responses to vaccination relative to those under 50. A complex set of age-related changes in the immune system is believed to be largely responsible for these defects. These changes, collectively termed immune senescence, encompass alterations in both the innate and adaptive immune systems, in the microenvironments where immune cells develop or reside, and in soluble factors that guide immune homeostasis and function. While age-related changes in primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow, and, in particular, the thymus, which involutes in the first third of life) have been long appreciated, changes affecting aging secondary lymphoid organs, and, in particular, aging lymph nodes (LNs) have been less well characterized. Over the last 20 years, LN stromal cells have emerged as key players in maintaining LN morphology and immune homeostasis, as well as in coordinating immune responses to pathogens. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the contributions of LN stromal cells to immune senescence. We discuss approaches to understand the mechanisms behind the decline in LN stromal cells and conclude by considering potential strategies to rejuvenate aging LN stroma to improve immune homeostasis, immune responses, and vaccine efficacy in the elderly.

Ex Output:
a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology Functional and Homeostatic impact of Age-Related Changes in Lymph node Stroma


Ex Input:
The infection of a novel coronavirus found in Wuhan of China (2019-nCoV) is rapidly spreading, and the incidence rate is increasing worldwide. Due to the lack of effective treatment options for 2019-nCoV, various strategies are being tested in China, including drug repurposing. In this study, we used our pretrained deep learning-based drug-target interaction model called Molecule Transformer-Drug Target Interaction (MT-DTI) to identify commercially available drugs that could act on viral proteins of 2019-nCoV. The result showed that atazanavir, an antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is the best chemical compound, showing a inhibitory potency with Kd of 94.94 nM against the 2019-nCoV 3C-like proteinase, followed by efavirenz (199.17 nM), ritonavir (204.05 nM), and dolutegravir (336.91 nM). Interestingly, lopinavir, ritonavir, and darunavir are all designed to target viral proteinases. However, in our prediction, they may also bind to the replication complex components of 2019-nCoV with an inhibitory potency with Kd < 1000 nM. In addition, we also found that several antiviral agents, such as Kaletra, could be used for the treatment of 2019-nCoV, although there is no real-world evidence supporting the prediction. Overall, we suggest that the list of antiviral drugs identified by the MT-DTI model should be considered, when establishing effective treatment strategies for 2019-nCoV.

Ex Output:
China through a drug-target interaction deep learning model


Ex Input:
A 7-month-old female intact domestic shorthair/ British Blue crossbreed cat was referred to the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (QMHA) of the Royal Veterinary College for further investigation of progressive lethargy preceded by 48 hours of mixed bowel diarrhea, moderate pyrexia (39.9°C; 103.8°F), and unproductive retching. Laboratory tests performed at the primary practice identified marked hypercalcemia (serum total calcium concentration). Despite treatment with IV fluids and potentiated amoxicillin, the cat deteriorated clinically, prompting referral. On presentation to the QMHA, the cat was dull but responsive with poor body condition (3.5/9) and pyrexia (39.2°C; 102.6°F). Firm white lingual plaques were observed (Fig 1) . Both kidneys were subjectively mildly enlarged. The remainder of the physical examination was unremarkable. With the exception of the cat's decreased mentation, neurologic examination was considered normal. No neurologic deficits suggesting a structural intracranial lesion were found at any point throughout the time the cat was hospitalized, but the level of obtundation would wax and wane. No association between the cat's mentation and the treatments administered was apparent. Initial investigations confirmed marked total hypercalcemia (19.28 mg/dL; 4.82 mmol/L; reference interval [RI], 8.28-10.72 mg/dL) and ionized hypercalcemia (9.0 mg/dL; 2.25 mmol/L; RI, 4.52-5.32 mg/dL), with mild hyperphosphatemia (7.68 mg/dL; 2.48 mmol/L; RI, 2.85-6.69 mg/dL). Markedly increased serum CK activity was identified (21,322 U/L; RI, 52-506 U/L) increasing to 43,616 U/L upon repeated measurement after 3 days. Serum ALT activity was within normal limits. At the time of presentation, serum urea nitrogen concentration was moderately increased (49.0 mg/ dL; 17.5 mmol/L; RI, 17.1-33.6 mg/dL), whereas serum creatinine concentration was within normal limits (1.36 mg/dL; 118 lmol/L; RI, 0.84-2.1 mg/dL). Interpretation of complete blood cell count was consistent with a stress leukogram. Mild leukocytosis (26.2 9 10 9 /L; RI, 5.5-19.5 9 10 9 /L) with mild neutrophilia (23.8 9 10 9 /L; RI, 2.5-12.5 9 10 9 /L) and mild lymphopenia (0.58 9 10 9 /L; RI, 1.5-7.0 9 10 9 /L) were present. Urinalysis disclosed the presence of granular casts (10 per 81 high-power fields, 4009), but was otherwise unremarkable. Urine specific gravity was 1.015 (after IV fluid therapy). Venous blood gas, electrolyte, and metabolite analyses were performed throughout hospitalization to monitor plasma creatinine, urea, and ionized calcium concentrations. Plasma ionized calcium concentration gradually decreased from 9.0 mg/dL to 7.44 mg/dL 24 hours after admission, whereas blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentration increased to 142.6 mg/dL (50.9 mmol/L) and 3.0 mg/dL (268 lmol/L), respectively. The azotemia was believed to be at least partly prerenal, because it gradually resolved over the next 48 hours, with concurrent decreases in packed cell volume and total protein concentration (from 30% and 6.4 g/dL to 20% and 5.4 g/dL, respectively). During the first 3 days of hospitalization, treatment included IV fluid therapy (up to 8 mL/kg/h by the second day), furosemide a (0.5-1.0 mg/kg IV q6h), and salmon calcitonin b (4 IU/kg SC q8h), all of which were initiated on the first day of hospitalization. Furosemide probably contributed to dehydration and development of azotemia, supported by a 100 g (4.8%) decrease in body weight over the first 24 hours. Owing to persistent hypercalcemia despite treatment, IV pamidronate c infusion (1.75 mg/kg diluted in 16 mL 0.9% NaCl, infused at a rate of 4 mL/h) was administered on the third day of hospitalization, at which time salmon calcitonin was discontinued. These treatments failed to substantially alter the plasma ionized calcium concentration, but approximately 48 hours after initiating prednisolone d treatment (0.5 mg/kg PO q12h) on day 6 of hospitalization, plasma ionized calcium con-

Ex Output:

Severe Systemic Calciphylaxis in a Young Cat Abbreviations