TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: This thinker argued hypotheses should not be subject to normative judgments, but rather should be evaluated on their "simplicity" and "fruitfulness" in his essay "The Methodology of Positive Economics." He stated money supply should annually increase by a set percentage in his namesake "k-percentage rule." One of his works claims that the practice of licensing doctors results in worse care and criticizes the Bretton Woods system arguing a floating exchange rate would be more effective. He wrote Free to Choose with his wife Rose and worked with Edmund Phelps to outline the "natural rate of unemployment" as a critique of the Phillips Curve. This economist called for a negative income tax to promote free markets in his book Capitalism and Freedom. For 10 points, name this leader of the Chicago School of economics who championed monetarism.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: A failed naval expedition led by this country's Blanco Encalada resulted in the 1837 Treaty of Paucarpata, while its 1925 Constitution began its Presidential Republic period. This modern day country was captured in a campaign led by Pedro de Valdivia; that campaign saw fighting against its native Araucanian or Mapuche Indians. This country's Patria Vieja period of independence was ended at the Disaster of Rancagua. Its independence campaign was led by men like the Carrera Brothers and Bernardo O'Higgins, and the 19th century saw the flourishing of its free port Valparaiso. For 10 points, name this South American country led in the 20th century by Salvador Allende and Augusto Pinochet.

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: Pausanias relates that a fisherman recovered a giant bone attributed to this figure, some of whose remains were lost at sea while being brought from Pisa to Troy. This lover of Poseidon exiled his surviving sons after they killed their brother Chrysippus. Because this man was insufficiently confident in his horsemanship, he bribed his opponent's charioteer to damage that opponent's wheels. This man, who thus caused the death of Oenomaus, did not suffer from the curse that ensued after he killed the charioteer Myrtilus as well, but rather had many children with the wife he won, Hippodamia. After a mistake by the distracted Demeter, this man's missing shoulder had to be replaced with ivory. For 10 points, name this father of Thyestes and Atreus, whose own father Tantalus attempted to serve him to the gods at a feast.

SOLUTION:
Social Science