In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[Q]: This writer distinguished between learning through description and learning through acquaintance in a work that introduces the Cartesian method of doubt with the example of a table. This man attempted to solve the problem of negative existentials in a work that claimed that "Aristotle" was not a name but a description. That work by this man also criticized Meinong and rejects the distinction between propositions and truth values proposed in (*) Frege's On Sense and Reference. This author of The Problems of Philosophy and "On Denoting" introduced his namesake paradox in naive set theory in a work that attempted to explain mathematics with axiomatic logic. For 10 points, name this British philosopher who co-wrote Principia Mathematica with Alfred North Whitehead.
[A]: Social Science


[Q]: His theories were the basis of Rudolf Dreikurss practical therapy. He argued that the unhappiness of homosexuals stems from failure to meet a social need to reproduce in What Life Could Mean to You. His theory about the personality traits of eldest, second, middle, and youngest children has become conventional wisdom, while his theory of socially useful and antisocial personality types and the struggle between social demands and self-idealization are discussed in 1912s The Neurotic Character. For 10 points, name this founder of individual psychology, who pioneered work on inferiority complexes.
[A]: Social Science


[Q]: The subject of this painting was painted twice more, by Gustave Courti and Antonio de la Gandara, seven and fourteen years later, respectively. In the original, the light source is from the right, accentuating a little jewel in the subject's red hair and the shoulder straps on her dress. She stands next to a table with a fan in her left hand, wearing a low cut black dress showing her pale skin. Perhaps to shield the subject from the foreseen controversy, the artist withheld her real name, Gautreau, from the painting's title. FTP who is this woman, subject of an 1884 portrait by John Singer Sargent
[A]:
Fine Arts