instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: Small studies suggest exogenous estrogen may improve vitamin D status, but the etiology is unclear because women who use hormones may make lifestyle choices that differentially affect vitamin D status.', 'Our objective was to investigate the association between use of hormonal contraception and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D).', 'We used linear regression modeling of cross-sectional data to estimate percent change in season-adjusted serum 25(OH)D with estrogen use after adjustment for other factors.', 'At the enrollment clinic visit (2010-2012) into a cohort study of uterine fibroids, each subject provided a blood sample, had anthropomorphic variables and skin reflectance measured, and answered questionnaires on demographics, dietary and supplement intake, contraceptive use, reproductive and medical history, and behaviors.', 'A total of 1662 African American women, community volunteers, 23-34 years old, living in the Detroit, Michigan, area were included.', 'None.', 'Serum 25(OH)D was measured.', 'Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were low (70% <20 ng/ml). Current use of an estrogen-containing contraceptive was associated with a 20% (95% confidence interval: 14-27) increase in 25(OH)D after adjustment. There was no increase in 25(OH)D among participants who had used estrogen in the past, but were not current users, indicating that results were unlikely to be due to unmeasured confounding by factors related to contraceptive choice.
Answer: The increase in 25(OH)D with use of estrogen-containing contraceptives raise mechanistic questions regarding the biological pathways involved, and highlights the need for studies that examine possible endogenous estrogen effects on vitamin D.
answer:
Does use of Estrogen-Containing Contraception be Associated With Increased Concentrations of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D?


question:
Context: Among factors that may affect the potency of botulinum toxin A (Botox), it is said that foam, together with bubbles, may cause surface denaturation of the toxin.', 'To determine whether the muscle relaxation effect of Botox is preserved and has the same duration when it is reconstituted in the presence of foam.', 'Six female volunteers, aged 42 to 56 years old, were treated for glabellar and periocular wrinkles. Each half of the face was treated with 16 U of Botox divided in four sites: three at the lateral orbital area and one at the medial brow, in the glabellar region. The right side received Botox gently reconstituted with saline to avoid foaming formation. The left side of the face was treated with Botox that was rapidly reconstituted in order to achieve as many bubbles as possible, even with shaking. Blinded observers compared pretreatment and posttreatment photographs and answered assessment-related questions. The results were analyzed clinically and statistically.', 'There was no difference in muscle paralysis between treated sides in all patients, neither in early (15 days) nor late (4 months) follow-up evaluations.
Answer: Botox maintains its potency even in the presence of foaming during the reconstitution process.
answer:
Does foam during reconstitution affect the potency of botulinum toxin type A?


question:
Context: Neurotensin-1 (NT1) receptor agonists have been proposed as putative antipsychotic drugs. Recently, brain-penetrating NT analogs produced by stability-enhancing modification of the smallest NT fragment, NT(8-13), have demonstrated antipsychotic-like efficacy after acute systemic injection in several preclinical animal tests predictive for antipsychotic efficacy. However, the evidence regarding the persistence versus tolerance of these effects after repeated administration is ambiguous. Previous studies have used compounds that nonselectively activated both NT1 and NT2 receptors or used continuous slow, central infusion of doses rather than daily acute administration, both factors which may have contributed to the ambiguity in the literature regarding the emergence of tolerance.', 'To determine if tolerance develops to the antipsychotic-like effects of NT1 receptor agonists, we investigated the effects of subchronic daily systemic administration of PD149163, a brain-penetrating NT analog with selectivity for the NT1 receptor, on amphetamine-induced locomotor activation, a classic preclinical test of antipsychotic efficacy.', 'Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with eight consecutive daily subcutaneous (SC) injections of PD149163 or saline. On the ninth day, rats received a pair of SC injections consisting of PD149163 or saline, followed by amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) or saline. Locomotor activity was then measured in photobeam-equipped cages.', "The results indicated that repeated daily administration of PD149163 was able to antagonize amphetamine's locomotor-activating effect comparable to that of the first dose, despite that repeated administration of PD149163 produced an increase in baseline locomotor activity not seen after the first dose.
Answer: The results do not support the development of tolerance for the acute antipsychotic-like effect of NT1 agonists and thus lend support to the contention that NT1 agonists are viable candidates as putative novel antipsychotic drugs.
answer:

Does the reversal of amphetamine-induced locomotor activation by a selective neurotensin-1 receptor agonist exhibit tolerance?