instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
Virus-induced wheezing episodes in infancy often precede the development of asthma. Whether infections with specific viral pathogens confer differential future asthma risk is incompletely understood.', 'To define the relationship between specific viral illnesses and early childhood asthma development.', 'A total of 259 children were followed prospectively from birth to 6 years of age. The etiology and timing of specific viral wheezing respiratory illnesses during early childhood were assessed using nasal lavage, culture, and multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The relationships of these virus-specific wheezing illnesses and other risk factors to the development of asthma were analyzed.', 'Viral etiologies were identified in 90% of wheezing illnesses. From birth to age 3 years, wheezing with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (odds ratio [OR], 2.6), rhinovirus (RV) (OR, 9.8), or both RV and RSV (OR , 10) was associated with increased asthma risk at age 6 years. In Year 1, both RV wheezing (OR, 2.8) and aeroallergen sensitization (OR, 3.6) independently increased asthma risk at age 6 years. By age 3 years, wheezing with RV (OR, 25.6) was more strongly associated with asthma at age 6 years than aeroallergen sensitization (OR, 3.4). Nearly 90% (26 of 30) of children who wheezed with RV in Year 3 had asthma at 6 years of age.
answer:
1


question:
The ability of Yersinia pestis to form a biofilm is an important characteristic in flea transmission of this pathogen. Y. pestis laterally acquired two plasmids (pPCP1and pMT1) and the ability to form biofilms when it evolved from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are thought to play a crucial role in the processes of biofilm formation and pathogenesis.', 'A pPCP1-derived sRNA HmsA (also known as sR084) was found to contribute to the enhanced biofilm formation phenotype of Y. pestis. The concentration of c-di-GMP was significantly reduced upon deletion of the hmsA gene in Y. pestis. The abundance of mRNA transcripts determining exopolysaccharide production, crucial for biofilm formation, was measured by primer extension, RT-PCR and lacZ transcriptional fusion assays in the wild-type and hmsA mutant strains. HmsA positively regulated biofilm synthesis-associated genes (hmsHFRS, hmsT and hmsCDE), but had no regulatory effect on the biofilm degradation-associated gene hmsP. Interestingly, the recently identified biofilm activator sRNA, HmsB, was rapidly degraded in the hmsA deletion mutant. Two genes (rovM and rovA) functioning as biofilm regulators were also found to be regulated by HmsA, whose regulatory effects were consistent with the HmsA-mediated biofilm phenotype.
answer:
0


question:
The EuroSCORE (European System for cardiac operative risk evaluation) stratifies cardiac risk surgery in easy and accessible manner; it was validated in North America with good results but in many countries of Latin America is used routinely without prior validation. Our objective was to validate the EuroSCORE in patients with cardiac valve surgery at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INCICh) in México.', 'EuroSCORE additive and logistic models were used to predict mortality in adults undergoing cardiac valve surgery from march 2004 to march 2008. The goodness of fit test of Hosmer-Lemeshow was used to evaluate the calibration. The area under the ROC curve was calculated to determinate discrimination.', 'We included 1188 patients with ages of 51.3±14.5 years, 52% women. There were significant differences in the prevalence of risk factors among the INCICh and the EuroSCORE populations. Total mortality was 9.68% versus 5% and 5.6% predicted by additive and logistic EuroSCORE. According to additive EuroSCORE the risk was low in 11.3%, intermediate in 52.9% and high in 35.9%; for these groups the mortality was .7%, 6.34% and 17.4% against those predicted of 2%, 3.9% and 7.64%. Hosmer-Lemeshow test had a P<.001 for both models and the area under the ROC curve was .707 and .694 for additive and logistic EuroSCORE.
answer:

1