Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Example Input: Genetic factors are reported to affect fracture incidence. Many groups have explored the correlation of fracture risk with ESR1 IVS1-397T>C. The observed associations, however, are largely inconsistent. This meta-analysis of data from early-released studies was performed in an effort to determine the role of IVS1-397T>C in fracture.', 'Relevant studies were searched through Pubmed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library databases. 16 studies meeting all selection criteria were finally identified. We calculated ORs with 95% CIs to assess risk of fracture. Subgroup analyses were performed by subtype, ethnicity and gender.', 'Data on 2916 cases and 19170 controls were analyzed in the meta-analysis. Overall, we found moderately decreased risk in association with IVS1-397 CC genotype (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.73-0.92; OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76-0.94). The decrease persisted in both hip fracture (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71-0.94; OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73-0.94) and vertebral fracture (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.50-0.91; OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64-0.97; OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68-0.98) when data were stratified by subtype. We also found a significant trend of decreasing risk in relation to the CC genotype in Caucasian, male and female. All fixed-effects meta-analysis results were homogeneous.
Example Output: 0

Example Input: Immunologic abnormalities have been found in bipolar disorder but pentraxin 3, a marker of innate immunity, has not been studied in this population.', 'Levels of pentraxin 3 were measured in individuals with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and non-psychiatric controls. Linear regression models were used to compare the pentraxin 3 levels in each of the psychiatric groups to that in the control group, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios associated with levels of pentraxin 3 which differed from specified levels of the control group.', 'The sample consisted of 831 individuals: 256 with bipolar disorder, 309 with schizophrenia, and 266 without a psychiatric disorder. The levels of pentraxin 3 in the bipolar disorder, but not in the schizophrenia, group were significantly lower than those of controls, adjusting for age, gender, race, maternal education, smoking status, and body mass index (t = -3.78, p < 0.001). The individuals with bipolar disorder also had significantly increased odds of having low levels of pentraxin 3 relative to both the 10th and 25th percentile level of the controls and significantly decreased odds of having a level greater than the 75th and the 90th percentile level of the controls, adjusting for the same covariates.
Example Output: 1

Example Input: Multidrug resistance (MDR) has a potentially serious influence on cancer treatment and should be taken into consideration in the design and application of therapeutic regimens. It is mediated through the activity of cellular pumps.', 'To investigate whether furosemide, itself a pump-blocker, reverses MDR in an in vitro model.', 'An MDR bladder cancer cell line (MGH-u 1R) and its parental (drug sensitive) clone were exposed to epirubicin and furosemide, with the concentration of one drug fixed and that of the other serially diluted in a 96-well plate format. Both drugs formed the variable component in separate experiments. After a 1-h exposure, the cells were washed and replenished with fresh medium. To examine the toxicity of epirubicin and furosemide separately and in combination, monotetrazolium-based assays were carried out. Intracellular epirubicin distribution was assessed by confocal microscopy as a second index of resistance status after in vitro exposure.', 'MGH-u 1R cells incubated with furosemide showed distribution of drug similar to that in the parental cells (MGH-u 1 sensitive). Controls (without furosemide) continued to show a resistant pattern of fluorescence. In cytotoxicity assays furosemide appeared substantially non-toxic. Resistant cells in the toxicity titration experiments showed increased resistance to levels of furosemide over 500 mug/ml. Parental cells were made only marginally more sensitive against increased background toxicity.
Example Output:
1