In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.

Example Input: To the best of our knowledge, the only scientific summarization benchmark is from TAC 2014 summarization track. For evaluating the effectiveness of Rouge variants and our metric (Sera), we use this benchmark, which consists of 20 topics each with a biomedical journal article and 4 gold human written summaries. Consider the following example:

Endogeneous small RNAs (miRNA) were genetically screened and studied to find the miRNAs which are related to tumorigenesis.
Example Output: Do the authors report results only on English data?

Example Input: We also propose an effective model to integrate clinical named entity information into pre-trained language model. In this section, we present an effective model for the question answering based clinical text structuring (QA-CTS). As shown in Fig. FIGREF8, paragraph text $X$ is first passed to a clinical named entity recognition (CNER) model BIBREF12 to capture named entity information and obtain one-hot CNER output tagging sequence for query text $I_{nq}$ and paragraph text $I_{nt}$ with BIEOS (Begin, Inside, End, Outside, Single) tag scheme. $I_{nq}$ and $I_{nt}$ are then integrated together into $I_n$. Meanwhile, the paragraph text $X$ and query text $Q$ are organized and passed to contextualized representation model which is pre-trained language model BERT BIBREF26 here to obtain the contextualized representation vector $V_s$ of both text and query. Afterwards, $V_s$ and $I_n$ are integrated together and fed into a feed forward network to calculate the start and end index of answer-related text.
Example Output: How they introduce domain-specific features into pre-trained language model?

Example Input: The graphs in figure 1 show the distances between duplicate and non-duplicate questions using different embedding systems. Large achieved a F1 score of 0.71 for this task without any specific training, simply by choosing a threshold below which all sentence pairs are considered duplicates. In order to test whether these results generalised to our domain, we devised a test that would make use of what little data we had to evaluate.
Example Output:
How is the accuracy of the system measured?