Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
--------
Question: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. It has been demonstrated that micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development of PTC. The miRNA-chromatin immunoprecipitation microarray assay revealed down-regulation of miR-219-5p; however, the effect of miR-219-5p on PTC cell growth remains unknown. This result implied the critical role of miR-219-5p in the development of PTC.', 'We investigated the association between miR-219-5p and PTC development. Expression of miR-219-5p was monitored in 30 PTC tissue specimens and compared with that in 30 normal thyroid tissue specimens. The effect of miR-219-5p on PTC development was studied by cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis assays. The underlying mechanism was clarified by a reporter assay and rescue experiment.', 'The current study confirmed that miR-219-5p expression was inhibited in PTC tissue samples. There were statistically significant differences in the expression of miR-219-5p with regard to sex, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC. Forced expression of miR-219-5p suppressed PTC cell proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis. Further study showed that estrogen receptor (ER) α was the direct target of miR-219-5p and mediated the effect of miR-219-5p on PTC occurrence. Expression of miR-219-5p was inversely correlated with that of ERα. Importantly, ERα overexpression in PTC cells rescued the inhibitory effect of miR-219-5p on PTC cell proliferation and migration. Thus, our results indicated that miR-219-5p played a critical role in PTC growth by inhibiting ERα.

Answer: 0


Question: Previous studies have demonstrated that the administration of antibiotics to patients before performing diagnostic testing for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) can interfere with the accuracy of test results. Although a single-institution study has suggested that alpha-defensin maintains its concentration and sensitivity even after antibiotic treatment, this has not yet been demonstrated in a larger multiinstitutional study.', '(1) For the evaluation of PJI, is prior antibiotic administration associated with decreased alpha-defensin levels? (2) When prior antibiotics are given, is alpha-defensin a better screening test for PJI than the traditional tests (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP], fluid white blood cells, fluid polymorphonuclear cells [PMNs], and fluid culture)?', "This retrospective study included data from 106 hip and knee arthroplasties with Musculoskeletal Infection Society-defined PJI from four centers. Of the 106 patients in this study, 30\xa0(28%) were treated with antibiotics for PJI before diagnostic workup (ABX group), and 76\xa0(72%) were not treated before the diagnostic workup (NO-ABX group). There were no differences in age, sex, joint, culture-negative rate, or bacteriology between groups. The patients in the ABX group had antibiotics initiated by physicians who commenced care before assessment for PJI by the treating surgeon's service. We compared the alpha-defensin levels and sensitivity between the ABX and NO-ABX groups. Additionally, the sensitivity of the alpha-defensin test was compared to that of traditional tests for PJI among patients on antibiotics.", 'The administration of antibiotics before performing the alpha-defensin test for PJI was not associated with a decreased median alpha-defensin level (ABX group, median 4.2 [range, 1.79-12.8 S/CO] versus NO-ABX, median 4.9 [range, 0.5-16.8 S/CO], difference of medians: 0.68 S/CO [95% confidence interval {CI}, -0.98 to 1.26], p = 0.451). Furthermore, the alpha-defensin test had a higher sensitivity (100%; 95% CI, 88.4%-100.0%) in diagnosing PJI among patients on antibiotics when compared with the ESR (69.0% [95% CI, 49.17%-84.72%], p = 0.001), the CRP (79.3% [95% CI, 60.3%-92.0%], p = 0.009), the fluid PMN% (79.3% [95% CI, 60.3%-92.0%), p = 0.009), and fluid culture (70.0% [95% CI, 50.6%-85.3%], p = 0.001).

Answer: 1


Question: Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated increased iron deposition in the basal ganglia of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, it is not clear whether these alterations are associated with changes of iron metabolism in body fluids.', 'The purpose of this study was to investigate if iron metabolism markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and MS patients differ from controls and how they relate to clinical and imaging parameters.', 'We analysed serum ferritin, transferrin and soluble transferrin-receptor and CSF ferritin and transferrin by nephelometry in non-anaemic CIS (n=60) or early MS (n=14) patients and 68 controls. In CIS/MS we additionally assessed the T2 lesion load.', 'CSF transferrin was significantly decreased in CIS/MS compared to controls (p<0.001), while no significant differences were seen in serum. Higher CSF transferrin levels correlated with lower physical disability scores (r= -0.3, p<0.05). CSF transferrin levels did not correlate with other clinical data and the T2 lesion load.

Answer:
1