instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
To examine the relationship between sperm strict morphology and sperm chromatin integrity.', 'Prospective study.', 'Infertility clinic.', 'Eighty-seven consecutive semen samples from non-azoospermic men presenting for infertility evaluation and 6 samples from fertile donors.', 'Assessment of standard semen parameters and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) parameters (%DFI [DNA fragmentation index] and %HDS [high DNA stainability]). Evaluation of %HDS and %DFI after treatment with dithiothreitol (a thiol-reducing agent used to decondense sperm nuclei) was also undertaken.', 'Relationship between sperm strict morphology defects and SCSA parameters (%DFI and %HDS).', 'We observed significant relationships between the percentage of normal sperm forms and both %HDS (r = -0.40) and sperm motility (r = 0.32). We also found significant relationships between sperm head defects and both %HDS (r = 0.40) and sperm concentration (r = -0.39). Sperm tail, midpiece, and neck defects were not significantly related to the SCSA parameters. Treatment of spermatozoa with dithiothreitol (to induce decondensation) resulted in a substantial increase in %HDS but no measurable change in %DFI.
answer:
Is sperm head morphology related to high deoxyribonucleic acid stainability assessed by sperm chromatin structure assay?


question:
Anxiety and depression frequently co-occur in the elderly and in patients with dementia. Prior research has shown that depression is related to the risk of dementia, but the effect of anxiety on dementia remains unclear. We studied whether anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders are associated with the risk of dementia and cognition.', 'We studied 2,708 nondemented participants from the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study who underwent the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (sample I, baseline 1993-1995) and 3,069 nondemented participants who underwent screening for anxiety disorders (sample II, baseline 2002-2004). In 1993-1995, anxiety symptoms were assessed using the HADS. In 2002-2004, anxiety disorders were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. In both study samples, participants were continuously monitored for dementia until January 1, 2011. Cognition was tested in 2002-2004 and at a follow-up visit in 2009-2011 in sample II only.', 'In sample I, 358 persons developed dementia, and in sample II, 248 persons developed dementia. We did not find an association with the risk of dementia for anxiety symptoms (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.77-1.43, Wald statistic 0.08, p\xa0= 0.77, df\xa0= 1) or for anxiety disorders (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval: 0.58-1.45, Wald statistic 0.14, p\xa0= 0.71, df\xa0= 1). We could demonstrate an association of anxiety disorders with poor cognition cross-sectionally, but this attenuated after additional adjustments.
answer:
Is anxiety associated with the risk of dementia or cognitive decline : the Rotterdam Study?


question:
Our goal was to analyze the association of the level of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) with stroke severity and outcome in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).', 'Observational study included consecutive patients with ischemic stroke younger than 55 years (2007-2012). We analyzed serum levels of aPLs, including anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies, anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies (anti-β2GPI) and antiprothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) within the first 48\u2009h after admission, and again, in the case of a positive result, at least 12 weeks after the first measurement. Stroke severity was measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the three-month stroke outcome by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between the aPLs and stroke severity and outcome.', 'Overall 255 stroke patients were included, 22 (8.6%) with APS. Among them, a positive correlation was found between immunoglobulin M (IgM) aCL levels within 48\u2009h and NIHSS (rho\u2009=\u20090.471; p\u2009=\u20090.027), as well as a tendency toward a positive correlation between immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-β2GPI levels within 48\u2009h and three-month mRS (rho\u2009=\u20090.364; p\u2009=\u20090.096). Multiple linear regression analyses showed a positive correlation between levels of IgM aCL\u2009<\u200948\u2009h and the NIHSS (β-coefficient [standard error; SE]\u2009=\u20090.127 [0.044]), as well as the levels of IgG anti-β2GPIwithin 48\u2009h and the three-month mRS (β-coefficient [SE]\u2009=\u20090.034 [0.011]).
answer:

Do antiphospholipid antibodies correlate with stroke severity and outcome in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome?