Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: Vulvovaginitis has a known association with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in girls. We hypothesize that vulvovaginitis is a major contributor to UTIs in prepubertal girls by increasing periurethral colonization with uropathogens.', 'Periurethral swabs and urine specimens were obtained from a total of 101 girls (58 with vulvovaginitis and 43 without vulvovaginitis). Specimens were cultured for bacterial growth. The dominant organism in the periurethral swabs and urine cultures was recorded and antibiotic sensitivity profiles were compared.', 'Periurethral swabs from children with vulvovaginitis were associated with a statistically significant increase in uropathogenic bacteria (79% Enterococcus species or Escherichia coli) as the dominant culture compared with swabs from girls without vaginitis (18%) (p\u2009<\u20090.05). In children with vulvovaginitis, 52% of the urine cultures were positive for UTIs, and the dominant organism in the urine cultures matched the species and antibiotic sensitivity profile of the corresponding periurethral swab. Only 11% of the urine cultures from girls without vulvovaginitis were positive for UTIs.

Answer: 0


Question: A common variant of the IGF-I gene has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The objective of this study was to examine whether this variant of the IGF-I gene is associated with blood pressure and left heart dimensions in early childhood.', 'This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from foetal life onwards. IGF-I promoter region was genotyped in DNA obtained from cord blood. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and echocardiography (left ventricular mass, left atrial diameter and aortic root diameter) measurements were performed at the age of 2 years. Analyses were performed in 538 subjects.', 'Eight alleles of the IGF-I promoter region were identified. In total, 43% of the subjects were homozygous for the 192 bp allele (wild type), 46% were heterozygous and 11% were non-carriers. Significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found in non-carrier subjects (difference compared with homozygous subjects: -4.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) -7.8 to -1.1) mmHg and -3.5 (95% CI: -6.9 to -0.1) mm respectively). No significant differences were found for left heart dimensions at the age of 2 years. No association was found when we used a previously proposed alternative classification of the IGF-I gene.

Answer: 1


Question: Although more frequent in diabetic patients, restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is less common in those with good glycemic control. High circulating insulin levels may also be associated with more frequent restenosis.', 'Fasting blood samples were obtained from 162 diabetic patients immediately prior to the PCI and analyzed for glucose, hemoglobin A1C, and insulin. Nine-month follow-up information was obtained in 145 (89.5%) patients. Target vessel revascularization (TVR) was the surrogate for restenosis.', 'Patients were divided into quartiles with regard to their blood levels. Insulin, calculated insulin resistance, and hemoglobin A1C were not associated with increased TVR rates. Glucose level was significantly associated (P=.02). Patients in the two lower quartiles (glucose < or = 128 mg/dl) had a 9-month TVR rate of 12.7% while those in the two higher quartiles (>128 mg/dl) had a rate of 33.8% (P=.005). Level of glucose was independent of hemoglobin A1C. In patients whose A1C level was < or = 7%, the TVR rate was greater in those with a glucose level >128 mg/dl (39.1% vs. 10.6%, P=.009). Similarly, in patients with a hemoglobin A1C level >7%, the TVR rate was lower in patients with a glucose level < or = 128 mg/dl, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (16.6% vs. 31.3%, P=.3).

Answer:
0