Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the feasibility and potential advantages of freehand single-photon emission computed tomography (fhSPECT) compared with conventional intraoperative localization techniques for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in oral cancer.', 'Between November 2012 and February 2014, 23 consecutive patients with clinical T1/T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma and a cN0 neck were recruited. All patients underwent SLNB followed by elective neck dissection (END). All patients received preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. To detect the SLNs intraoperatively, fhSPECT with a combination of conventional acoustic SLN localization and 3-D visual navigation was used.', 'All but one of the SLNs detected by preoperative imaging were successfully mapped intraoperatively by fhSPECT (detection rate 98%), including those in six patients with a tumour in the floor of the mouth. A histopathology analysis revealed positive SLNs in 22% of patients. No further metastases were found in LNs resected during END. SLNB correctly predicted the final LN stage in all patients (accuracy 100%). Additional radioactive LNs, which were not present on preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, were observed in three patients.
[A]: Does intraoperative 3-D imaging improve sentinel lymph node biopsy in oral cancer?


[Q]: Longer-term tuberculosis (TB) drug resistance surveillance among children is rare. We determined the prevalence of drug resistance among children with culture-confirmed TB from 2011 to 2013, compared these results with four previous consecutive 2-year periods and documented other mycobacterial isolates identified.', "Surveillance study of mycobacterial culture in all children aged <13 years conducted from March 2011 to February 2013 at the Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. Drug susceptibility testing against isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) was performed using line-probe assay (GenoType(®) MTBDRplus). Clinical data were obtained through folder review.", 'Of 381 children, 323 (84.8%; 324 episodes) had Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 46 (12.1%) had M. bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin and 12 (3.1%) had non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated. Forty-one (12.7%) children had M. tuberculosis resistant to INH and/or RMP; 15 (4.7%) had multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). The prevalence of INH mono- or polyresistance remained stable; however, RMP monoresistance increased (0/313 in 2003-2005 vs. 6/324, 1.9%, in 2011-2013; P = 0.041); MDR-TB prevalence has declined significantly, from 26/292 (8.9%) in 2007-2009 to 15/324 (4.7%) in 2011-2013 (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.24-0.99). The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus co-infection has decreased significantly, from a peak of 29% to 15.3%.
[A]: Does surveillance provide insight into epidemiology and spectrum of culture-confirmed mycobacterial disease in children?


[Q]: Pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) is a multifunctional protein involved in several tumorigenic mechanisms, including angiogenesis. PTTG has been shown to promote angiogenesis, a key rate-limiting step in tumor progression, by up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor.', 'To investigate whether PTTG regulates other angiogenic genes in thyroid cells, we performed angiogenesis-specific cDNA arrays after PTTG transfection. Two of the genes [inhibitor of DNA binding-3 (ID3) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)] which showed differential expression in primary thyroid cells were validated in vitro and in vivo.', 'TSP-1 showed a 2.5-fold reduction and ID3 showed a 3.5-fold induction in expression in response to PTTG overexpression in vitro. Conversely, suppression of PTTG with small interfering RNA was associated with a 2-fold induction of TSP-1 and a 2.2-fold reduction in ID3 expression. When we examined TSP-1 and ID3 expression in 34 differentiated thyroid cancers, ID3 was significantly increased in tumors compared with normal thyroid tissue. Furthermore, ID3 expression was significantly higher in follicular thyroid tumors than in papillary tumors. Although mean TSP-1 expression was not altered in cancers compared with normal thyroids, we observed a significant independent association between TSP-1 expression and early tumor recurrence, with recurrent tumors demonstrating 4.2-fold lower TSP-1 expression than normal thyroid tissues.
[A]:
Does pituitary tumor-transforming gene regulate multiple downstream angiogenic genes in thyroid cancer?