In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

This man was the subject of a 1949 Henry Cowell opera designed as a satire against Dwight Eisenhower. He died in exile after a conservative coup led by his successor, Ramn Freire. When his father became viceroy of Peru, he was sent to London, where he met Francisco de Miranda and joined the independentist Lautaro Lodge. He began his public life as a deputy to the Cabildo from La Laja. His cavalry charge at the battle of Chacabuco allowed him to enter Santiago in triumph along with Jose de San Martin in March 1818. FTP, name this descendant of Irish officers in Spanish service, the first ruler of an independent Chile.
History

Early in his career he was forced to share power with John Carteret, but was eventually able to force his resignation. He spent time in jail for graft during a period of Tory ascendancy, but was most popular for his economic policies, including his establishment of the sinking fund to reduce the national debt, which he had also addressed with his resolution of the South Sea Bubble crisis. However, he was forced from office due to British failures in the early stages of the War of the Austrian Succession. FTP, who was this first official Prime Minister of Britain
History

At one point in this story, Mr. Cutlets asks the narrator if he is familiar with the forger Monroe Edwards, who bore a resemblance to the title character. The narrator recalls the Colt-Adams murder case shortly after realizing that the title character has not left accepted his payment learns that it is not impaired vision that prevents him from carrying out his duties. The title character of this story works with two men who swap productivity during the day because of dyspepsia and alcoholism. Despite the attempts of the jailer at the Tombs, this storys titular former employee of the Dead Letter office and co-worker of Nippers, Turkey, and Ginger Nut is found dead. For 10 points, name this Herman Melville short story whose title character is a copyist who often responds with I would prefer not to.

Literature