In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
--------
Question: any suggestion that our case presents a new phenomenon, then, risks overlooking this long history.

Answer: non-overruling


Question: thus, we disapprove of the reasoning of bates, which was followed in owens and soriano, and we approve judge sharp's dissent in owens.

Answer: overruling


Question: state v. carrawell, 481 s.w.3d 833, 837 (mo.banc 2016).

Answer:
non-overruling