Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Context: The membrane protein CD46, a ubiquitous cell surface pathogen receptor, can bind Streptococcus to trigger cell autophagy, which is a critical step in the control of infection.', 'In this study, we found a new splice variant designated CD46 transcript variant (CD46-TV). The splice variant is characterized by the retention of a 48\xa0bp sequence from intron 8 of the bovine CD46 gene, which encodes a putative protein enlarged by 16 amino acids. CD46-TV mRNA was found to be over expressed in mastitis-infected mammary gland tissues relative to healthy tissues. A single nucleotide polymorphism (c. 1033\u2009+\u20092184 C\u2009>\u2009T) in the exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) motif region was shown to result in the CD46-TV aberrant splice variant through constructing alternative alleles using the pSPL3 exon capturing vector and transfecting these into 293\xa0T cells. Allelic frequency in 56,682 individuals belonging to 112 Bos taurus, Bos indicus, Bos javanicus, Bos grunniens and Bos mutus, etc. suggests that the C allele (80.09%) is the ancestral allele. Association analysis found that the mean genomic estimated breeding values (gEBV) for milk somatic cell score and the occurrence of clinical mastitis, as well as the milk somatic cell score of Chinese Holsteins with the CT genotype was lower than those of individuals with either the CC or TT genotypes. The mean gEBV for udder health synthesis for the TT genotype was greater than those for the CC or CT genotypes.
Answer: Our findings suggest that the CD46 gene likely plays a critical role in the risk of mastitis caused by Streptococcus in dairy cows via an alternative splicing mechanism caused by a functional mutation in intron 8. Our data also underline the importance of variation within ESEs in regulating transcript processing.

A: Does a SNP in intron 8 of CD46 cause a novel transcript associated with mastitis in Holsteins?
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Q: Context: To investigate the significance of respiratory muscle weakness in chronic heart failure and its relation both to maximum oxygen consumption during cardiopulmonary exercise testing and to skeletal muscle (quadriceps) strength.', 'Seven healthy men aged 54.9 (SEM 4.3) years and 20 men with chronic heart failure aged 61.4 (1.6) years (P = 0.20) with radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction of 25.4 (3.0)%.', 'Mouth pressures during maximum static inspiratory effort (PImax) at functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV) were measured in all subjects and taken as indices of inspiratory muscle strength. Similarly, mouth pressures during maximum static expiratory effort (PEmax) at FRC and total lung capacity (TLC) were taken as indices of expiratory muscle strength. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed in all subjects. All controls and 15 heart failure patients also had their right quadriceps muscle strength measured.', 'There was respiratory muscle weakness in heart failure patients, with reduction of PImax at FRC (59.7) (6.3) v 85.6 (9.6) cm H2O, P = 0.045), PEmax at FRC (94.8 (6.2) v 134.6 (9.1) cm H2O, P = 0.004), and PEmax at TLC (121.7 (8.5) v 160.7 (13) cm H2O, P = 0.028). PImax at RV was also reduced but this did not reach statistical significance (77.3 (6.6) v 89.3 (13) cm H2O, P = 0.44). There was also significant weakness of the right quadriceps muscle (308.5 (22) v 446.2 (28) N, P = 0.001). PImax at both FRC and RV correlated with maximum oxygen consumption (r = 0.59, P = 0.006, and r = 0.45, P = 0.048 respectively) but not PEmax. There was, however, no significant correlation between PImax and right quadriceps strength.
Answer: Respiratory muscle weakness is seen in chronic heart failure. The results suggest that inspiratory muscles are important in determining maximum oxygen consumption and exercise tolerance in these patients. The lack of correlation between respiratory and right quadriceps muscle strength further suggests that the magnitude and time course of respiratory and locomotor muscle weakness may differ in individual patients. Treatment aimed at improving the function of the involved muscle groups may alleviate symptoms.

A: Is inspiratory muscle strength a determinant of maximum oxygen consumption in chronic heart failure?
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Q: Context: Subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) share phenotypic features with other autoimmune disorders. We investigated several genetic variants associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune disorders for association with JIA to test the hypothesis that clinically distinct phenotypes share common genetic susceptibility factors.', 'Cases were 445 children with JIA, and controls were 643 healthy adults. Using the TaqMan assay, subjects were genotyped for 8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 7 loci including rs10499194 and rs6920220 in the TNFAIP3 locus, rs6679677 in the RSBN1 locus, rs17696736 in the C12orf30 locus, rs3761847 in the TRAF1/C5 locus, rs2104286 in the IL2RA locus, rs7574865 in the STAT4 locus, and rs2542151 in the PTPN2 locus. Alleles and genotypes were analyzed for association with JIA and JIA subtypes. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.', 'The strongest associations with JIA risk or protection were observed for TNFAIP3 variants rs10499194 (OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.61-0.91], P < 0.004) and rs6920220 (OR 1.30 [95% CI 1.05-1.61], P = 0.015). We also observed associations between JIA and both STAT4 (OR 1.24 [95% CI 1.02-1.51], P = 0.029) and C12orf30 (OR 1.20 [95% CI 1.01-1.43], P = 0.041) variants. The PTPN2 variant rs2542151 deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and was excluded from analyses. Variants in IL2RA, TRAF1/C5, and RSBN1 were not associated with JIA. After stratification by JIA subtype, the TNFAIP3 and C12orf30 variants were associated with oligoarticular JIA, while the STAT4 variant was associated primarily with polyarticular JIA.
Answer: We have demonstrated associations between JIA and variants in the TNFAIP3, STAT4, and C12orf30 regions that have previously shown associations with other autoimmune diseases, including RA and systemic lupus erythematosus. Our results suggest that clinically distinct autoimmune phenotypes share common genetic susceptibility factors.

A:
Are variants in TNFAIP3 , STAT4 , and C12orf30 loci associated with multiple autoimmune diseases also associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
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