Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: We sought to determine the association between low caregiver health literacy and child emergency department (ED) use, both the number and urgency of ED visits.', 'This year long cross-sectional study utilized the Newest Vital Sign questionnaire to measure the health literacy of caregivers accompanying children to a pediatric ED. Prior ED visits were extracted from a regional database. ED visit urgency was classified by resources utilized during the index ED visit. Regression analyses were used to model 2 outcomes-prior ED visits and ED visit urgency-stratified by chronic illness. Analyses were weighted by triage level.', 'Overall, 503 caregivers completed the study; 55% demonstrated low health literacy. Children of caregivers with low health literacy had more prior ED visits (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.5; 95% confidence interval 1.2, 1.8) and increased odds of a nonurgent index ED visit (adjusted odds ratio 2.4; 95% confidence interval 1.3, 4.4). Among children without chronic illness, low caregiver health literacy was associated with an increased proportion of nonurgent index ED visits (48% vs. 22%; adjusted odds ratio 3.2; 1.8, 5.7).

Answer: 1


Question: Compared with standard donors, kidneys recovered from donors after cardiac death (DCD) exhibit higher rates of delayed graft function (DGF), and DCD livers demonstrate higher rates of biliary ischemia, graft loss, and worse patient survival. Current practice limits the use of these organs based on time from donor extubation to asystole, but data to support this is incomplete. We hypothesized that donor postextubation parameters, including duration and severity of hemodynamic instability or hypoxia might be a better predictor of subsequent graft function.', 'We performed a retrospective examination of the New England Organ Bank DCD database, concentrating on donor factors including vital signs after withdrawal of support.', 'Prolonged, severe hypotension in the postextubation period was a better predictor of subsequent organ function that time from extubation to asystole. For DCD kidneys, this manifested as a trend toward increased DGF. For DCD livers, this manifested as increased rates of poor outcomes. Maximizing the predictive value of this test in the liver cohort suggested that greater than 15 min between the time when the donor systolic blood pressure drops below 50 mm Hg and flush correlates with increased rates of diffuse biliary ischemia, graft loss, or death. Donor age also correlated with worse outcome.

Answer: 0


Question: The balance between immune surveillance and immune escape determines the outcome of patients with primary mycosis fungoides (MF). FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and DC-SIGN+ immature dendritic cells (imDCs) play a central role in regulating the immune state in the progression of MF. However, whether the mechanisms used by these factors depend on MF stage is still underdetermined and even controversial.', 'FOXP3+ Tregs and DC-SIGN+ imDCs were detected by immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens obtained from the lesion biopsies of 89 patients with MF, comprising 69 patients at the patch stage, 12 at the plaque stage, and 8 at the tumor stage. The number of FOXP3+ Tregs and DC-SIGN+ imDCs in each stage was counted and compared.', 'The expression of FOXP3 and DC-SIGN varied with the MF stage. The number of cells expressing FOXP3 was higher at the patch and plaque stages than at the tumor stage (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was noted between the patch and plaque stages (p = 0.715). DC-SIGN expression increased continuously, concomitant with tumor progression, through the three stages (p < 0.05).

Answer:
0