In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Example Input: Context: In diabetics with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), risk of death has been reported to be non-constant after the first dialysis, and different outcomes have been observed between genders. We assessed the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on mortality in dialysis regarding its differential effect by gender using time-dependent analyses.', 'All T2DM and non-diabetic (no-DM) patients who started dialysis in two renal units in Lyon, France, between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2007, were included. In multivariate analyses, the Cox model and Shoenfeld residual approach were used to assess the effect of T2DM on dialysis mortality by gender.', 'We included 235 T2DM (males: 57.9%) and 480 no-DM (males: 65.6%) patients. In males, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for death in T2DM versus no-DM was 0.83 (p = 0.20) and was constant over time after the first renal replacement therapy (RRT) (p = 0.88). In females, aHR for death in T2DM versus no-DM patients was not constant over time (p = 0.002). It was 0.64 (p = 0.13) within the first year after the first RRT and 2.10 (p = 0.002) after the first year. Evolutions with time of these aHR by gender were significantly different (p = 0.009).\Question: Does the Impact of type 2 diabetes on mortality in end-stage renal disease patients differ between genders?
Example Output: T2DM was associated with death only in females. This association was not constant over time after the first dialysis.

Example Input: Context: We developed an algorithm that prospectively defines when to excise the neurovascular bundles during radical retropubic prostatectomy with the goal of maximizing the performance of nerve sparing procedures while minimizing positive surgical margins.', 'From January 1 to December 31, 2000 a single surgeon performed 272 radical retropubic prostatectomies and 263 were performed from January 1 to December 31, 2001. A single pathologist analyzed all specimens with positive margins. There were no prospectively defined criteria to guide decisions regarding excision of the neurovascular bundles in the 2000 study cohort. Gleason score, percent tumor volume and perineural invasion were independently analyzed in the biopsy specimens according to the site of origin (right versus left side) for the 2001 group only. The ipsilateral neurovascular bundle was excised for Gleason 6 or less tumors when there were 50% or greater tumor volume in the biopsy specimen and perineural invasion, for Gleason 7 tumors when there was 30% or greater tumor volume, or perineural invasion and for Gleason 8 to 10 tumors when there was 10% or greater tumor volume, or perineural invasion.', 'There were no statistically significant differences between the 2000 and 2001 groups in regard to preoperative prostate specific antigen, clinical and pathological stage, biopsy Gleason score and percent tumor volume in the surgical specimen. There was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of positive margins between the 2000 and 2001 groups (14% versus 8%, p = 0.027). The lower positive margin rate was not achieved because of a tendency to excise more neurovascular bundles since a significantly greater percent of neurovascular bundles was preserved in the 2001 group. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of our algorithm were 18%, 93%, 28%, 89% and 84%, respectively. In sides of the prostate with extraprostatic extension ipsilateral wide excision of the neurovascular bundle was associated with positive margins in 33% of cases compared with 22% when the neurovascular bundle was preserved (p = 0.42).\Question: Does the New York University nerve sparing algorithm decrease the rate of positive surgical margins following radical retropubic prostatectomy?
Example Output: The New York University nerve sparing algorithm prospectively defines when to excise the neurovascular bundle based on Gleason score, perineural invasion and tumor volume in the biopsy specimen. Use of this algorithm decreases positive surgical margin rates, while significantly increasing the preservation of neurovascular bundles.

Example Input: Context: Autoimmune hepatitis type 2 (AIH-2), a severe juvenile liver disorder of unknown etiology and pathogenesis, is characterized by liver-kidney microsomal antibody type 1 targeting cytochrome P450IID6 (CYP2D6) and is associated to HLA DRB1*07. Although CYP2D6 B-cell reactivity has been extensively characterized, little is known about CYP2D6-specific T-cell responses. The aim of the present study was to characterize anti-CYP2D6 cellular immune responses and their possible pathogenic role in patients with AIH-2.', 'We investigated T-cell reactivity against 61 overlapping peptides spanning the full CYP2D6 protein using ex vivo cultures obtained at diagnosis, remission, and relapse. Moreover, CYP2D6-specific T-cell reactivity was investigated in the context of HLA restriction, peptide-binding affinity to HLA DRB1*07, cytokine profile, disease specificity, and clinical course.', 'Proliferative responses to CYP2D6 cluster to 7 antigenic regions in DRB1*07 and to 4 regions in non-DRB1*07 patients. Whereas distinct peptides induce production of interferon gamma, interleukin-4, or interleukin-10, peptides inducing interferon-gamma and proliferation overlap. There is also an overlap between sequences inducing T- and B-cell responses. The breadth (number of epitopes) and intensity (quantity of cytokine produced) of the T-cell response are directly correlated to disease activity (biochemical and histologic markers).\Question: Are polyclonal T-cell responses to cytochrome P450IID6 associated with disease activity in autoimmune hepatitis type 2?
Example Output:
These data imply that the T-cell response to CYP2D6 in AIH-2 is polyclonal, involves multiple effector types targeting different epitopes, and is associated with hepatocyte damage, knowledge that should form the basis for a more refined therapeutic approach.