instruction:
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
question:
Context_1 : Dumb and Dumberer: When Harry Met Lloyd is a 2003 American comedy film. It is the second film in the "Dumb and Dumber" film series and a prequel to the 1994 film "Dumb and Dumber". The film was directed by Troy Miller and based on the characters created by the Farrelly brothers from the original film. The film was poorly received by critics; however, it was a modest domestic box office success considering its budget, taking in just under $40 million. The subtitle is inspired by the film "When Harry Met Sally...". Context_2 : When Harry Met Sally... is the soundtrack to the movie "When Harry Met Sally..." starring Billy Crystal and Meg Ryan. The songs are performed by pianist Harry Connick Jr., who won the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Male Vocal Performance. Context_3 : Robert Reiner (born March 6, 1947) is an American actor, writer, director, producer, and activist. As an actor, Reiner first came to national prominence with the role of Michael Stivic on "All in the Family" (1971–79). That role earned him two Emmy Awards during the 1970s. As a director, Reiner was recognized by the Directors Guild of America (DGA) with nominations for the coming of age comedy-drama film "Stand by Me" (1986), the romantic comedy "When Harry Met Sally..." (1989), and the military courtroom drama "A Few Good Men" (1992). He also directed the psychological horror-thriller "Misery" (1990), the romantic comedy fantasy adventure "The Princess Bride" (1987) and the heavy metal mockumentary "This Is Spinal Tap" (1984). Context_4 : Nora Ephron ( ; May 19, 1941 – June 26, 2012) was an American writer and filmmaker. She is best known for her romantic comedy films and was nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Writing: for "Silkwood" (1983), "When Harry Met Sally..." (1989), and "Sleepless in Seattle" (1993). She won a BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay for "When Harry Met Sally...". She sometimes wrote with her sister Delia Ephron. Her last film was "Julie & Julia." She also co-authored the Drama Desk Award–winning theatrical production "Love, Loss, and What I Wore". In 2013, Ephron received a posthumous Tony Award nomination for Best Play for "Lucky Guy". Context_5 : Tracy Reiner (born Tracy Henry; July 7, 1964) is an American actress who is the daughter of filmmaker Penny Marshall. She was adopted by Marshall's second husband, filmmaker Rob Reiner, taking the Reiner family name. She is known for her roles in "When Harry Met Sally...", "Masque of the Red Death", "A League of Their Own", and "Apollo 13". Context_6 : Sunset Las Palmas Studios, located at 1040 N. Las Palmas Avenue in Hollywood, California, is an independent production lot providing stages and related services to television, movie and commercial production companies. Founded in 1919, the lot is one of the oldest production facilities in Hollywood and has played host to many notable productions, including such television shows as "The Burns and Allen Show", "I Love Lucy", "The Addams Family", "Jeopardy!", "The Rockford Files", "MADtv", and "The Suite Life on Deck", as well as such movie productions as "When Harry Met Sally..." and "The Player". It was previously known as Hollywood Center Studios. Context_7 : When Harry Met Sally… is a 1989 American romantic comedy film written by Nora Ephron and directed by Rob Reiner. It stars Billy Crystal as Harry and Meg Ryan as Sally. The story follows the title characters from the time they meet just before sharing a cross-country drive, through twelve years or so of chance encounters in New York City. The film raises the question "Can men and women ever just be friends?" and advances many ideas about relationships that became household concepts, such as "high-maintenance" and the "transitional person". Context_8 : Robert Leighton is a British film and television editor with more than 30 feature film credits since 1980. He has edited nearly all of the films by film director Rob Reiner, commencing with "This is Spinal Tap" in 1984. He has also edited three films with Christopher Guest. His work includes hit comedies and mockumentaries such as "This is Spinal Tap", "Best in Show" and "When Harry Met Sally" as well as classic dramas such as "Stand by Me" and the Stephen King thriller, "Misery", which garnered actress Kathy Bates a "Best Actress" Oscar. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing for the feature film, "A Few Good Men" (1992). Context_9 : William Edward Crystal (born March 14, 1948) is an American actor, writer, producer, director, comedian and television host. He gained prominence in the 1970s for playing Jodie Dallas on the ABC sitcom "Soap" and became a Hollywood film star during the late 1980s and 1990s, appearing in the critical and box office successes "When Harry Met Sally..." (1989), "City Slickers" (1991), and "Analyze This" (1999) and providing the voice of Mike Wazowski in the "Monsters, Inc." franchise. Context_10 : Meg Ryan (born Margaret Mary Emily Anne Hyra; November 19, 1961) is an American actress, director, and producer. Ryan began her acting career in 1981 in minor roles, before joining the cast of the CBS soap opera "As the World Turns" in 1982. Subsequently, she began to appear in supporting roles in films during the mid-1980s, achieving recognition in independent movies such as "Promised Land" (1988) before her performance in the Rob Reiner-directed romantic comedy "When Harry Met Sally..." (1989) brought her widespread attention and her first Golden Globe nomination. fact_1 : Meg Ryan (born Margaret Mary Emily Anne Hyra; November 19, 1961) is an American actress, director, and producer. fact_2 :  Subsequently, she began to appear in supporting roles in films during the mid-1980s, achieving recognition in independent movies such as "Promised Land" (1988) before her performance in the Rob Reiner-directed romantic comedy "When Harry Met Sally..." (1989) brought her widespread attention and her first Golden Globe nomination. fact_3 : Robert Reiner (born March 6, 1947) is an American actor, writer, director, producer, and activist. fact_4 :  As an actor, Reiner first came to national prominence with the role of Michael Stivic on "All in the Family" (1971–79). Question: Who did the director of When Harry Met Sally..." play on All in the Family?
answer:
Michael Stivic


question:
Context_1 : The Second Jungle Book: Mowgli & Baloo is a 1997 American adventure film starring Jamie Williams as Mowgli, with Roddy McDowall and Billy Campbell in supporting roles. It is a live action adaptation of Rudyard Kipling's "The Jungle Book" (not based on "The Second Jungle Book", as its title would suggest). The film was adapted for the screen by Bayard Johnson and Matthew Horton. Context_2 : Raksha (Hindi: रक्षा / "Rakṣā" or Mother Wolf as initially named) is a fictional character featured in Rudyard Kipling's Mowgli stories, collected in "The Jungle Book" and "The Second Jungle Book". She is a female Indian wolf, member of the Seeonee pack, who while suckling her own cubs decides also to adopt a human "cub" that her mate Father Wolf has found wandering in the jungle, naming him "Mowgli" (which means "frog" in the Speech of the Jungle) because of his hairlessness. Context_3 : Mowgli: The New Adventures of the Jungle Book is an American live action television series based on the Mowgli stories from the Rudyard Kipling novels, "The Jungle Book" and "The Second Jungle Book". A contemporary adaptation, the series has Mowgli joined on his adventures by a young American girl named, Nahbiri, who has accompanied her widowed doctor father to Jabalpur, India. The show was created by Timothy Scott Bogart, Guy Toubes, and James Hereth and produced by Wolfcrest Entertainment and Franklin/Waterman Worldwide, and distributed internationally by Alliance Entertainment. It premiered on the Fox Kids Network in the United States on February 7, 1998 and ran until March 21, 1998. Context_4 : The Second Jungle Book is a sequel to "The Jungle Book" by Rudyard Kipling. First published in 1895, it features five stories about Mowgli and three unrelated stories, all but one set in India, most of which Kipling wrote while living in Vermont. All of the stories were previously published in magazines in 1894-5, often under different titles. The original book is now worth $3.4 million. The 1994 film "The Jungle Book" used this book as a source. Context_5 : Kaa is a fictional character from "The Jungle Book" stories written by Rudyard Kipling. Kaa is one of Mowgli's mentors and friends. However, there are some versions where he's antagonistic. Context_6 : "Trust in Me (The Python's Song)" is a song in the widely popular Walt Disney film, "The Jungle Book", from 1967. The song was sung by Sterling Holloway playing the part of "Kaa, the snake". The song was written by Disney staff songwriters, Robert and Richard Sherman. In the song, Kaa hypnotizes Mowgli, into a calm, soothing, relaxing trance. As the song concludes, Kaa readies himself to devour the boy, only to be stopped by Shere Khan the tiger in his search for Mowgli. Context_7 : All the Mowgli Stories is a collection of short stories by Rudyard Kipling. As the title suggests, the book is a chronological compilation of the stories about Mowgli from "The Jungle Book" and "The Second Jungle Book", together with "In the Rukh" (the first Mowgli story written although the last in chronological order). The book also includes the epigrammatic poems added to the stories for their original book publication. All of the stories and poems had originally been published between 1893 and 1895. Context_8 : Baloo (Hindi: भालू "Bhālū", "bear") is a main fictional character featured in Rudyard Kipling's "The Jungle Book" from 1894 and "The Second Jungle Book" from 1895. Baloo, a bear, is the strict teacher of the cubs of the Seeonee wolf pack. His most challenging pupil is the "man-cub" Mowgli. Baloo and Bagheera, a panther, save Mowgli from Shere Khan the tiger and endeavor to teach Mowgli the Law of the Jungle in many of "The Jungle Book" stories. Context_9 : Akela (Hindi: अकेला / "Akelā" also called The Lone Wolf or Big Wolf) is a fictional character in Rudyard Kipling's stories, "The Jungle Book" and "The Second Jungle Book". He is the leader of the Seeonee pack of Indian wolves and presides over the pack's council meetings. It is at such a meeting that the pack adopts the lost child Mowgli and Akela becomes one of Mowgli's mentors. Context_10 : "The Bare Necessities" is a song, written by Terry Gilkyson, from the animated 1967 Disney film "The Jungle Book", sung by Phil Harris as Baloo and Bruce Reitherman as Mowgli. Originally, it was written for an earlier draft of the movie that was never produced. The Sherman Brothers, who wrote the other songs of the film, kept this as the only song used from the previous version. A reprise of the song was sung by Sebastian Cabot as Bagheera and Phil Harris as Baloo at the end of the film. Van Dyke Parks worked on the arrangement, which was his first paid gig after moving to California. The song was also sung by Louis Armstrong. In 1967, "The Bare Necessities" was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. A hip-hop version of the song performed by Lou Rawls was used as the theme song for "Jungle Cubs". fact_1 :  The song was written by Disney staff songwriters, Robert and Richard Sherman. fact_2 :  Kaa is one of Mowgli's mentors and friends. Question: What is the last name of the brothers who wrote a song sung by one of Mowgli's mentors in The Jungle Book?
answer:
Sherman


question:
Context_1 : Hear the Silence is a 2003 semi-fictional TV drama based on the MMR vaccine controversy, which started when Andrew Wakefield published a paper claiming a possible link between the MMR vaccine and autism. It debuted on December 15, 2003 at 9 PM on the British network Five. The film, produced at a cost of about 1 million pounds, stars Hugh Bonneville as Wakefield and Juliet Stevenson as Christine Shields, a fictional mother who discovers the possible MMR-autism link when her son is diagnosed as autistic. Stevenson's character begins telling doctor after doctor that her son seemed to develop autism soon after he received the MMR vaccine, but she does not receive any sympathy from them, nor does she receive any from her boss, or even her husband. However, this all changes when she meets Dr. Wakefield, who believes her statements about the MMR vaccine causing her son's autism. The film then shows fictional government officials "plotting" Wakefield's "demise", which they intend to bring about by portraying his research as flawed. Although never documented in reality, the film depicts Wakefield being targeted by the government: his phone is tapped and his files are stolen. The film attracted 1.2 million viewers on the first night it screened, considerably fewer than usual for Channel Five's films that debut at 9 PM, which often get more than 2 million viewers. Context_2 : Arthur Krigsman, MD, is a pediatrician and gastroenterologist best known for his controversial and research in which he attempted to prove that the MMR vaccine caused diseases, especially autism. He specializes in the evaluation and treatment of gastrointestinal pathology in children with autism spectrum disorders, and has written in support of what he calls autistic enterocolitis. The original study that tied the MMR vaccine to autism and GI complaints conducted by one of Krigsman's associates has been found to be fraudulent, and the diagnosis of "autistic enterocolitis" has not been accepted by the medical community. Context_3 : Maurice Ralph Hilleman (August 30, 1919 – April 11, 2005) was an American microbiologist who specialized in vaccinology and developed over 40 vaccines, an unparalleled record of productivity. Of the 14 vaccines routinely recommended in current vaccine schedules, he developed eight: those for measles, mumps, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chickenpox, meningitis, pneumonia and "Haemophilus influenzae" bacteria. He also played a role in the discovery of the cold-producing adenoviruses, the hepatitis viruses, and the cancer-causing virus SV40. Context_4 : Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe is a 2016 American film alleging a cover-up by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of a purported link between the MMR vaccine and autism. According to "Variety", the film "purports to investigate the claims of a senior scientist at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who revealed that the CDC had allegedly manipulated and destroyed data on an important study about autism and the MMR vaccine"; critics derided it as an anti-vaccine propaganda film. Context_5 : Kreesten Meldgaard Madsen is a Danish epidemiologist and expert on infectious diseases who, as of 2003, worked at the Danish Epidemiology Science Centre at Aarhus University. He is known for leading two studies that found no link between either the MMR vaccine and autism or thimerosal and autism. The first of these studies pertained to MMR and was published in 2002; the second pertained to thimerosal and was published in 2003. Both of these studies received considerable media attention, but the study regarding thimerosal and autism was criticized by Mark Blaxill of activist group SafeMinds, who said it was irrelevant to the United States because it was conducted in Denmark, where the autism rate is lower. Context_6 : The MMR vaccine (also known as the MPR vaccine after the Latin names of the diseases) is an immunization vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). It is a mixture of live attenuated viruses of the three diseases, administered via injection. It was first developed by Maurice Hilleman while at Merck. Context_7 : The MMR vaccine controversy started with the 1998 publication of a fraudulent research paper in "The Lancet" linking the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine to colitis and autism spectrum disorders. The claims in the paper were widely reported, leading to a sharp drop in vaccination rates in the UK and Ireland and increases in the incidence of measles and mumps, resulting in deaths and severe and permanent injuries. Following the initial claims in 1998, multiple large epidemiological studies were undertaken. Reviews of the evidence by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Institute of Medicine of the US National Academy of Sciences, the UK National Health Service, and the Cochrane Library all found no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. Context_8 : Porter Warren Anderson, Jr. (born January 1, 1937) is an American microbiologist best known for developing a vaccine that protects children from infections by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and epiglottitis. The techniques he and his colleague Ronald Eby invented were later utilized to develop a vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Context_9 : Michelle Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, also known as the omnibus autism proceeding (OAP), was a court case involving the family of Michelle Cedillo, a girl with autism whose parents sued the United States government because they believed that her autism was caused by her receipt of both the measles-mumps-and-rubella vaccine (also known as the MMR vaccine) and thimerosal-containing vaccines. The omnibus proceeding required the petitioners to present three test cases for each proposed mechanism by which vaccines had, according to them, caused their children's autism; Michelle was the first such case for the MMR-and-thimerosal hypothesis. Context_10 : Mumpsvax is a mumps vaccine made of mumps virus. It is a product of Merck & Co., Inc. The vaccine is a component of Merck's three-virus MMR vaccine. fact_1 : The MMR vaccine (also known as the MPR vaccine after the Latin names of the diseases) is an immunization vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). fact_2 : Maurice Ralph Hilleman (August 30, 1919 – April 11, 2005) was an American microbiologist who specialized in vaccinology and developed over 40 vaccines, an unparalleled record of productivity. Question: When was the American microbiologist who developed MMR vaccine born?
answer:

August 30, 1919