In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Ex Input:
Context: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex has been shown to modulate pain and trigeminal nociceptive processing.', 'Ten patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) were stimulated daily for 20\xa0minutes over two weeks using anodal (1\xa0mA) or sham tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1) in a randomized double-blind cross-over design. Primary outcome variable was pain intensity on a verbal rating scale (VRS 0-10). VRS and attack frequency were assessed for one month before, during and after tDCS. The impact on trigeminal pain processing was assessed with pain-related evoked potentials (PREP) and the nociceptive blink reflex (nBR) following electrical stimulation on both sides of the forehead before and after tDCS.', 'Anodal tDCS reduced pain intensity significantly after two weeks of treatment. The attack frequency reduction was not significant. PREP showed an increased N2 latency and decreased peak-to-peak amplitude after anodal tDCS. No severe adverse events were reported.\Question: Does patient-conducted anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex alleviate pain in trigeminal neuralgia?

Ex Output:
Anodal tDCS over two weeks ameliorates intensity of pain in TN. It may become a valuable treatment option for patients unresponsive to conventional treatment.


Ex Input:
Context: The etiology of idiopathic scoliosis remains unknown, but growth is a risk factor for progression. Growth pattern differs in children with and without scoliosis. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) may be associated with scoliosis and growth. We, therefore, studied COMP in children with and without idiopathic scoliosis.', 'We included 105 children, with mean age 14.4 years (range 10-16), under observation or treatment for idiopathic scoliosis, and 103 children from an age-matched population-based cohort. COMP was measured in serum at the time of inclusion. Growth velocity was estimated from repeated height measurements. T tests, analysis of covariance or linear regression were used for statistical comparisons.', 'COMP was mean (SD) 11 (5) units/liter (U/L) in children with scoliosis and 13 (5) U/L in the control cohort (p = 0.005, adjusted for sex and sampling time of the day). When patients and controls were analyzed together, high COMP was correlated with high growth velocity (β = 0.19, p = 0.003). When patients and controls were analyzed separately, COMP was correlated with growth velocity in children with scoliosis (β = 0.27, p = 0.007), but not in children without scoliosis (β = 0.02, p = 0.83) (all analyses adjusted for age, sex and sampling time). Low COMP was significantly correlated with large curve size in children with scoliosis (β = -0.29, p = 0.003), but not after adjustment for age, sex and sampling time (β = -0.16; p = 0.14).\Question: Is serum level of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein lower in children with idiopathic scoliosis than in non-scoliotic controls?

Ex Output:
COMP was lower in children with idiopathic scoliosis than in a control cohort. In children with scoliosis, high COMP was modestly correlated with high growth velocity, but not with curve severity.


Ex Input:
Context: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of abacavir on intracellular ribavirin triphosphate and plasma ribavirin trough concentrations.', 'Hepatitis C virus-infected subjects who had been cured or failed prior treatment were randomized to 8 weeks of ribavirin alone (N\u200a=\u200a14; weight-based dosing) or weight-based ribavirin\u200a+\u200aabacavir (N\u200a=\u200a14; 300 mg orally every 12 h). Ribavirin trough concentrations were measured on days 14, 28, 42 and 56; PBMCs for ribavirin triphosphate determination were sampled on days 28 and 56, pre-dose and at 6 and 12 h post-dose. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01052701.', 'Twenty-six subjects completed the study (24 males, 17 Caucasians, median age 52 years); 2 were excluded for missed pharmacokinetic visits. Fourteen subjects received ribavirin\u200a+\u200aabacavir and 12 received ribavirin alone. Mean\u200a±\u200aSD plasma ribavirin trough concentrations (μg/mL) on days 14, 28, 42 and 56, respectively, were not significantly different with coadministration of abacavir (1.54\u200a±\u200a0.60, 1.93\u200a±\u200a0.54, 2.14\u200a±\u200a0.73 and 2.54\u200a±\u200a1.05) compared with ribavirin alone (1.48\u200a±\u200a0.32, 2.08\u200a±\u200a0.41, 2.32\u200a±\u200a0.47 and 2.60\u200a±\u200a0.62) (P\u200a>\u200a0.40). Mean ribavirin triphosphate intracellular concentrations (pmol/10(6) cells) on days 28 and 56, respectively, did not differ statistically between abacavir users (11.98\u200a±\u200a9.86 and 15.87\u200a±\u200a12.52) and non-users (15.91\u200a±\u200a15.58 and 15.93\u200a±\u200a12.69) (P\u200a>\u200a0.4). Adverse events were mild or moderate, except for three grade 3 occurrences of transaminitis, cholecystitis and low absolute neutrophil count that resolved and were judged not attributable to study medications.\Question: Are plasma and intracellular ribavirin concentrations significantly altered by abacavir in hepatitis C virus-infected patients?

Ex Output:

Abacavir did not significantly alter ribavirin or ribavirin triphosphate concentrations.