Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[Q]: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a distressing disease associated with pruritus and sleep disturbance. Scratching due to pruritus is an important mechanism in the exacerbation of AD but is difficult to document in the home environment.', 'To evaluate whether nocturnal wrist activities, defined as average acceleration in the early hours of sleep, were correlated with components of the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index and various AD-associated chemokine markers.', 'Patients with AD aged under 18 years were recruited and the severity of eczema was assessed with the SCORAD index. Concentrations of plasma AD-associated chemokines [cutaneous T-cell attracting cytokine (CTACK); macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC); thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC)], interleukin (IL)-18, serum total IgE, and eosinophil counts were measured in these patients. Healthy children with noninflammatory and nonitchy skin conditions as well as healthy children of staff volunteers were recruited as controls. All children were instructed to wear the DigiTrac monitor on their dominant wrist before sleeping. The monitor was programmed to record limb motion between 22.00 and 08.00 h the following morning.', 'Twenty-four Chinese children with AD (mean +/- SD age 12.6 +/- 3.7 years) and 15 normal children (mean +/- SD age 11.9 +/- 3.4 years) were recruited. The median (interquartile range) SCORAD was 54.8 (32.8-70.2). Plasma concentrations in pg mL(-1) of CTACK, MDC, TARC and IL-18 in the patients were 105 (92-172), 1648 (973-4214), 258 (100-850) and 415 (304-539), respectively. When compared with controls, most wrist activities occurred at frequencies between 1 and 3 Hz. These activities were most consistent over the first 3 h of sleeping and correlated significantly with disease severity, extent, intensity, and AD-associated chemokine markers CTACK, MDC and TARC. However, there was no significant correlation between wrist activities and the subjective symptom of pruritus or sleep loss.
[A]: 1


[Q]: To investigate the potential of specific angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT1) receptor blockade to modify the mesenteric hemodynamic response to acute hypovolemia and retransfusion.', 'Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study.', 'University-affiliated animal research laboratory.', 'Fasted, anesthetized, ventilated, juvenile domestic pigs of both sexes.', 'Acute, graded hypovolemia by 20% and 40% of the total estimated blood volume followed by retransfusion in control animals (CTRL; n = 10) and animals pretreated with the AT1 receptor blocker candesartan (CAND; n = 10).', 'Invasive monitoring of arterial and central venous blood pressures, cardiac output, portal venous blood flow, and jejunal mucosal blood flow. Blood gases were repeatedly analyzed to calculate oxygen delivery and consumption. Thirty minutes after each level of hypovolemia at 20% and 40%, cardiac output was decreased in CTRL animals from a baseline of 2.9 +/- 0.1 to 1.8 +/- 0.2 and 1.1 +/- 0.2 L/min, with no differences compared with CAND animals. Cardiac output was restored to 3.0 +/- 0.3 L/min 30 mins after retransfusion in CTRL animals, with no significant intergroup differences. Baseline portal venous blood flow (Q(MES)) and jejunal mucosal perfusion (PU(JEJ)) were greater in CAND animals compared with CTRL animals. During graded hypovolemia, CAND animals maintained Q(MES) and PU(JEJ) at significantly higher levels compared with CTRL animals, particularly after 40% hemorrhage (+221% and + 244%, respectively, relative to the mean values in CTRL animals). The same pattern was observed after retransfusion. Moreover, the calculated mesenteric critical oxygen delivery was significantly greater in CTRL animals (74 mL/min) compared with CAND animals (34 mL/min). No animals died in the CAND group, whereas four animals died during 40% hypovolemia or retransfusion in the CTRL group.
[A]: 1


[Q]: Trauma is believed to activate immunocytes but paradoxically also increases the risk of intraperitoneal infection.', 'To investigate these events by evaluating changes in the cytokine control networks of human peritoneal macrophages (PM phi) early after trauma.', 'Case-control study comparing cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by PM phi from patients with extra-abdominal trauma with that of both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) and PM phi obtained from healthy individuals.', 'Level I trauma center and basic science laboratory in a university hospital center.', 'Six patients with polytrauma (Injury Severity Score, > or = 15) with clinically negative diagnostic peritoneal lavages performed on routine indications at admission to the emergency department and six healthy age- and sex-matched individuals undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy under local anesthesia.', 'Peritoneal macrophages were isolated from diagnostic peritoneal lavages in trauma patients. Identical lavages were performed through the hernia sac in the control group.', 'Cellular RNA was assayed for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-10 message by semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.', 'Normal PM phi expressed high levels of TNF-alpha mRNA relative to PBM, but expression of the other proinflammatory cytokines was equivalent to that of PBM. Peritoneal macrophage expression of TNF-alpha mRNA was markedly (64-fold) decreased after trauma (P < .001), when PBM expression of IL-10 mRNA was increased (P = .03).
[A]:
1