instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
Several collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have recently been identified in gingival fibroblasts, while secreted cysteine proteinases could also participate in connective tissue destruction in periodontitis. To clarify their involvement, we examined enzyme release during collagen breakdown by cultured cytokine-stimulated fibroblasts.', 'Gingival fibroblasts were derived from four chronic periodontitis patients and cultured on collagen gels in serum-free medium for 1-4 days. Collagenolysis was measured by hydroxyproline release into the medium. Proteinases were assessed by electrophoresis and immunoblotting.', 'Adding interleukin-1beta resulted in progressive gel breakdown. This was associated particularly with a shift in MMP-1 band position from proenzyme to active enzyme and the appearance of active as well as proenzyme forms of cathepsin B. There was also partial processing of pro-MMP-13 and increased immunoreactivity for active cathepsin L. In addition, both pro-forms and active forms of MMP-8, membrane-type-1-MMP and MMP-2 were present in control and treated cultures.
answer:
1


question:
D-bifunctional protein deficiency, caused by recessive mutations in HSD17B4, is a severe, infantile-onset disorder of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. Few affected patients survive past two years of age. Compound heterozygous mutations in HSD17B4 have also been reported in two sisters diagnosed with Perrault syndrome (MIM # 233400), who presented in adolescence with ovarian dysgenesis, hearing loss, and ataxia.', 'An adult male presented with cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, hearing loss, and azoospermia. The clinical presentation, in combination with biochemical findings in serum, urine, and muscle biopsy, suggested a mitochondrial disorder. Commercial genetic testing of 18 ataxia and mitochondrial disease genes was negative. Targeted exome sequencing followed by analysis of single nucleotide variants and small insertions/deletions failed to reveal a genetic basis of disease. Application of a computational algorithm to infer copy number variants (CNVs) from exome data revealed a heterozygous 12 kb deletion of exons 10-13 of HSD17B4 that was compounded with a rare missense variant (p.A196V) at a highly conserved residue. Retrospective review of patient records revealed mildly elevated ratios of pristanic:phytanic acid and arachidonic:docosahexaenoic acid, consistent with dysfunctional peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation.
answer:
0


question:
The present study examines the differences in gastrointestinal hormone production at 3 different reconstruction types after total gastrectomy.', 'Total gastrectomy causes significant weight loss, mainly due to a reduced caloric intake probably because of a lack of initiative to eat or early satiety during meals. Behind this phenomenon a disturbed gastrointestinal hormone production can be presumed.', 'Patients participating in a randomized study were recruited for the clinical experiment. Seven patients with simple Roux-en-Y reconstruction, 11 with aboral pouch (AP) construction, and 10 with aboral pouch with preserved duodenal passage (APwPDP) reconstruction, as well as 6 healthy volunteers were examined. Blood samples were taken 5 minutes before and 15, 30, and 60 minutes after ingestion of a liquid test meal. Plasma concentrations for insulin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin were determined by radioimmunoassay analysis.', 'Postprandial hyperglycemia was observed in patients after total gastrectomy most prominently in groups with duodenal exclusion (Roux-en-Y and AP) compared with healthy controls. Postprandial insulin curves reached significantly higher levels in all operated groups compared with controls, however, with no difference according to reconstruction type. Significantly higher cholecystokinin levels and higher integrated production of cholecystokinin were observed in Roux-en-Y and AP groups compared with APwPDP and control. Postprandial somatostatin levels were significantly different between the 4 groups, and highest levels and integrated secretions were reached in AP group, lowest in APwPDP and normal groups.
answer:

1