instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides is modified in tumorigenesis with potential impact on transcriptional activity.', 'We used the Illumina 450 K platform to evaluate DNA methylation patterns of 50 metastatic melanoma tumors, with matched gene expression data.', 'We identified three different methylation groups and validated the groups in independent data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. One group displayed hypermethylation of a developmental promoter set, genome-wide demethylation, increased proliferation and activity of the SWI/SNF complex. A second group had a methylation pattern resembling stromal and leukocyte cells, over-expressed an immune signature and had improved survival rates in metastatic tumors (p < 0.05). A third group had intermediate methylation levels and expressed both proliferative and immune signatures. The methylation groups corresponded to some degree with previously identified gene expression phenotypes.\Question: Are dNA methylation subgroups in melanoma associated with proliferative and immunological processes?
answer:
Melanoma consists of divergent methylation groups that are distinguished by promoter methylation, proliferation and content of immunological cells.


question:
Context: To explore the relationship between continuous thrombocytopenia and sepsis in patients with severe burns.', 'Clinical data of 148 severely burned patients admitted to our,two burn centers from January 2007 to December 2011 and conforming to the study criteria were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into sepsis group (n =44) and non-sepsis group (n = 104) according to the presence or absence of sepsis within post burn day (PBD) 30. The data of age, gender, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, fluid infusion volume within post burn hour (PBH) 24, plasma concentration of calcium ion on PBD 1, plasma concentration of albumin on PBD 1, platelet count on PBD 1, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score on admission, the presence or absence of hypovolemic shock or inhalation injury on admission, the presence or absence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) within PBH 48, operation or no operation within PBD 3, thrombocytopenia duration within PBD 10, and mortality were statistically compared between two groups to screen the independent risk factors of sepsis. Data were processed with t test, chi-square test, single factor Logistic regression analysis, and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis.', 'Between two groups, there were statistically significant differences in total burn area, full-thickness burn area, plasma concentration of calcium ion on PBD 1, plasma concentration of albumin on PBD 1, APACHE II score on admission, presence or absence of hypovolem- ic shock on admission, presence or absence of inhalation injury on admission, presence or absence of DIC within PBH 48, and mortality (with t values from 2.433 to 4.082, χ2 values from 8. 818 to 31.528, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Furthermore, the duration of thrombocytopenia within PBD 10 in sepsis group was (5.2 ± 2.4) d, which was significantly longer than that in non-sepsis group [(2.9 ± 1.9) d, t =6. 189, P <0.01]. There were no statistically significant differences in the other indexes between two groups (with t values from 0.971 to 1. 250, χ2 values respectively 0. 054 and 1.529, P values above 0.05). Single factor and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis indicated that APACHE II score on admission and duration of thrombocytopenia within PBD 10 were closely related to occurrence of sepsis (with odds ratio respectively 1. 140 and 1.569, P values below 0.01).\Question: Do [ Clinical significance of continuous thrombocytopenia in predicting sepsis after severe burn ]?
answer:
Duration of thrombocytopenia within PBD 10 is one of the risk factors for sepsis in severely burned patients, which can reflect pathophysiological changes in the body, thus providing predictive value for the occurrence of sepsis.


question:
Context: Treatment of difficult asthma with oral corticosteroids (OCS) may suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.', 'In this study we have checked if the substitution of OCS with very high doses of ciclesonide may restore the adrenal function without losing the control of the disease.', 'In 5 patients with difficult, uncontrolled asthma despite treatment with OCS, inhaled and systemic glucocorticosteroids were replaced with very high doses of ciclesonide (1600-2400 µg/day). The symptoms of asthma and the lung function were assessed at baseline and on the 28(th), 56(th) and 70(th) day of treatment, whereas the levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the morning were measured at baseline and on the 28(th) and the 56(th) day of treatment.', 'In all patients, the control of asthma symptoms, measured with Asthma Control Test questionnaire, improved from the mean score of 9.4 to 19.8 in 70 days. In 4 subjects force expiratory volume in 1 s improved gradually through the entire study reaching a mean improvement of 585 ml in 70 days. The ACTH levels were normalized in 3 patients after 28 days of observation and in all patients after 56 days. The cortisol level was normalized in 4 patients after 28 days and in another subject after 56 days of treatment with ciclesonide.\Question: Does switching from systemic steroids to ciclesonide restore the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis?
answer:

Switching from prednisone to very high doses of ciclesonide normalized the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis function and also improved the disease control and the lung function in these 5 patients with difficult asthma.