Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Prognosis of severe coronary artery disease with no indication of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting remains poor. We have recently demonstrated that shock wave therapy effectively induces neovascularization and improves myocardial ischemia in a porcine model in vivo.', 'With permission from the Ethical Committee of our Institute, we treated nine patients with end-stage coronary artery disease with no indication of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting (55-82 years old, five men and four women) with our cardiac shock wave therapy (200 shots/spot at 0.09 mJ/mm for 20-40 spots, 3 times a week/series). We followed-up the patients at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the therapy to examine the amelioration of myocardial ischemia. When needed, shock wave therapy was performed up to three series at 0, and 1, 3 or 6 months.', 'The cardiac shock wave therapy improved symptoms (Canadian Cardiovascular Society functional class score, from 2.7+/-0.2 to 1.8+/-0.2, P<0.01) and reduced nitroglycerin use (from 5.4+/-2.5 to 0.3+/-0.3/week, P<0.05). The treatment also improved myocardial perfusion as assessed by dipyridamole stress thallium scintigraphy (severity score, 25.2+/-7.2% improvement, P<0.05; extent score, 23.3+/-9.0% improvement, P=0.10; washout rate, 20+/-3 to 34+/-3, P<0.05). Myocardial perfusion was improved only in the ischemic area treated with the therapy. These beneficial effects persisted for 12 months. No procedural complications or adverse effects were noted.

Ex Output:
Does extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy ameliorate myocardial ischemia in patients with severe coronary artery disease?


Ex Input:
The aim of this meta-analysis was to study the relation between access site and bivalirudin use on outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).', 'Bivalirudin and radial access use are 2 strategies that are increasingly used to lower major bleeding in patients with ACS undergoing invasive approaches. The interaction between these 2 strategies and the benefit of using them in combination are unclear.', 'This analysis included randomized controlled trials that compared bivalirudin to heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with ACS and reported outcomes stratified by arterial access site. Meta-analyses of outcome data were performed on the basis of access site and anticoagulation regimen. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from event rates using random-effects models.', 'Eight trials with a total of 27,491 patients were included. Bivalirudin reduced major bleeding risk in patients with femoral access (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.6; p\xa0< 0.001) but not in patients with radial access (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.26; p\xa0= 0.28). Moreover, radial access reduced major bleeding risk in patients treated with heparin (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.77; p\xa0< 0.001) but not in patients treated with bivalirudin (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.65 to 1.41; p\xa0= 0.83). There were no differences in major adverse cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality between bivalirudin and heparin, regardless of access site.

Ex Output:
Is combined Use of Bivalirudin and Radial Access in Acute Coronary Syndromes Superior to the Use of Either One Separately : Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials?


Ex Input:
Given evidence from genetic studies, we hypothesized that there may be a shared component to the role of myeloid function in Parkinson and Alzheimer disease (PD and AD) and assessed whether PD susceptibility variants influenced protein expression of well-established AD-associated myeloid genes in human monocytes.', 'We repurposed data in which AD-related myeloid proteins CD33, TREM1, TREM2, TREML2, TYROBP, and PTK2B were measured by flow cytometry in monocytes from 176 participants of the PhenoGenetic Project (PGP) and Harvard Aging Brain Study. Linear regression was used to identify associations between 24 PD risk variants and protein expression. The 2 cohorts were meta-analyzed in a discovery analysis, and the 4 most strongly suggestive results were validated in an independent cohort of 50 PGP participants.', 'We discovered and validated an association between the PD risk allele rs12456492(G) in the RIT2 locus and increased CD33 expression (p joint = 3.50 × 10(-5)) and found strongly suggestive evidence that rs11060180(A) in the CCDC62/HIP1R locus decreased PTK2B expression (p joint = 1.12 × 10(-4)). Furthermore, in older individuals, increased CD33 expression on peripheral monocytes was associated with a greater burden of parkinsonism (p = 0.047), particularly bradykinesia (p = 6.64 × 10(-3)).

Ex Output:

Does trans-pQTL study identify immune crosstalk between Parkinson and Alzheimer loci?