In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Q: to the extent that northwest arctic regional educ. attendance area v. alaska public service employees, local 71, 591 p.2d 1292, 1297 (alaska 1979) contains language to the contrary, we disapprove it.

A: overruling
****
Q: accordingly cochran and similar past holdings are hereby expressly overruled insofar as they collide with the enlightened view now here adopted.

A: overruling
****
Q: as mentioned earlier, local government units can be held liable for  1983 claims only if a constitutional violation has occurred.

A:
non-overruling
****