Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: The antidepressant drug fluoxetine (FLU) is considered in the group of selective serotonine re-uptake inhibitors. Its distribution in brain and binding to human brain glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π) have been shown. FLU can cross blood brain barrier and placenta, accumulate in fetus and may cause congenital malformations.', 'To elucidate the interaction of placental GST-π with FLU.', 'First, concentration-dependent inhibition of human placental GST-π was evaluated by using different FLU concentrations and then 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5\u2009mM FLU concentrations were chosen and tested while keeping GSH concentration constant and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) concentration varied and vice versa. The data were evaluated with different kinetic models and Statistica 9.00 for Windows.', 'The Vm, at variable [CDNB] (142\u2009±\u200916\u2009U/mg protein) was 3 times higher than the Vm obtained at variable [GSH] (49\u2009±\u20094\u2009U/mg protein). On the other hand, the Km for CDNB was ∼10 times higher than the Km for GSH (1.99\u2009±\u20090.36\u2009mM versus 0.21\u2009±\u20090.06\u2009mM). The IC50 value for FLU was 8.6\u2009mM. Both at constant [CDNB] and variable [GSH] and at constant [GSH] and variable [CDNB] the inhibition types were competitive with the Ki values of 5.62\u2009±\u20094.37 and 8.09\u2009±\u20091.27\u2009mM, respectively.

Answer: Does fluoxetine-induced toxicity result in human placental glutathione S-transferase-π ( GST-π ) dysfunction?


Question: Previous studies have shown that Fructus Ligustri Lucide (FLL) can be used to anti-cancer. However, the mechanism by which FLL mediate this effect is unclear. In the present study, aqueous extracts of FLL induced cell apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cell was investigated.', 'The cell viability was detected by the CCK8 assay. The cell apoptosis was assessed by annexin V-PI double-labeling staining and hoechst 33342 staining. The protein expression of cell cycle regulators and tumor suppressors were analyzed by western blotting.', 'Treatment of human gastric carcinoma cells with FLL induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner by using CCK8 assay. Consistent with the CCK8 assay, the flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of the early and terminal phase of apoptosis cells had gained after FLL treatment as compared to untreated group. Moreover, human gastric carcinoma cells were exposed to the aqueous extracts of FLL for 48 h, which resulted in an accumulation of cells in G2/M phase. Apoptotic bodies were clearly observed in human gastric carcinoma that had been treated with FLL for 48 h and then stained with Hochest 33342. Treatment of gastric carcinoma cells with increasing doses of FLL and increasing durations significantly increased the protein expression of Bax and Caspase3, decreased the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 level. The expression of CDC2 and cdc25C were downregulated upon FLL treatment in human gastric carcinoma. In contrast, p53 and p21 were obviously upregulated by FLL treatment in a concentration-dependent manner.

Answer: Do aqueous extracts of Fructus Ligustri Lucide induce gastric carcinoma cell apoptosis and G2/M cycle arrest?


Question: Carbapenem-resistant strains have been increasingly reported over the last few years. In this study we used laboratory records to determine the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant strains from hospitalized patients with emphasis on the comparative analysis of the incidence in various health-care settings.', 'From January 2012 to November 2012 and from May 2013 to November 2013, we evaluated 566 strains (Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp.). All isolates were tested and analyzed according to their antibiotic resistance phenotypic pattern. Laboratory results were correlated with data regarding admission in different clinical wards.', 'Among 566 isolates, 191 carbapenem-resistant or carbapenem-intermediate strains (33.74%) were detected. Non-fermentative species were the most prevalent carbapenem-resistant organisms, 80.62% of 191 carbapenem-resistant or carbapenem-intermediate strains isolated were Acinetobacter spp., and 17.27% of 191 were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Apart from that, only 4 (2.09%) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) strains were identified. We identified 59.30% of 172 strains isolated from patients hospitalized in anesthesia and intensive care units non-susceptible to carbapenems. The main mechanism associated with carbapenem resistance could be the production of carbapenemase in combination with impermeability.

Answer:
Does carbapenem Resistance in Non-Fermentative Bacterial Species and in Enterobacteriaceae isolate from Hospitalized Patients in Different Health-Care Settings?