TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
PROBLEM: Context: Evidence of hyperplasia with atypia found both on random periareolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA) and in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) fluid are associated with an increased risk for breast cancer.', 'In this study, we report the correlation of NAF production with cytological assessment of ductal cells obtained by RPFNA.', '113 women at high risk for development of breast cancer attending the Breast Cancer Prevention Clinic at the University of Kansas Medical Center underwent a single NAF collection attempt and RPFNA.', 'NAF was successfully collected in 51% of women. There was no significant difference in age, 5-year Gail risk assessment, menopausal status, hormone use, family history of breast cancer, history of prior atypical hyperplasia/LCIS or history of contralateral DCIS/invasive breast cancer between women who produced NAF and those that did not. The only significant difference between the two groups was in history of prior lactation (p = 0.018). Twenty-seven of the 113 subjects were found to have hyperplasia with atypia by RPFNA was 31% in women who produced NAF versus 16% in those who did not (p = 0.07).
Answer: Although prevalence of RPFNA atypia was numerically higher in NAF producers than non-producers the difference did not reach statistical significance. Failure to produce NAF does not exclude the presence of hyperplasia with atypia by random periareolar fine needle aspiration.

SOLUTION: Does failure of high risk women to produce nipple aspirate fluid exclude detection of cytologic atypia in random periareolar fine needle aspiration specimens?

PROBLEM: Context: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating muscle disease caused by a mutation in DMD encoding dystrophin. Oxidative stress accounts for dystrophic muscle pathologies in DMD. We examined the effects of molecular hydrogen in mdx mice, a model animal for DMD.', 'The pregnant mother started to take supersaturated hydrogen water (>5\u2005ppm) ad libitum from E15.5 up to weaning of the offspring. The mdx mice took supersaturated hydrogen water from weaning until age 10 or 24 weeks when they were sacrificed.', 'Hydrogen water prevented abnormal body mass gain that is commonly observed in mdx mice. Hydrogen improved the spontaneous running distance that was estimated by a counter-equipped running-wheel, and extended the duration on the rota-rod. Plasma creatine kinase activities were decreased by hydrogen at ages 10 and 24 weeks. Hydrogen also decreased the number of central nuclei of muscle fibers at ages 10 and 24 weeks, and immunostaining for nitrotyrosine in gastrocnemius muscle at age 24 weeks. Additionally, hydrogen tended to increase protein expressions of antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 1, as well as anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, in skeletal muscle at age 10 weeks.
Answer: Although molecular mechanisms of the diverse effects of hydrogen remain to be elucidated, hydrogen potentially improves muscular dystrophy in DMD patients.

SOLUTION: Does molecular hydrogen alleviate motor deficits and muscle degeneration in mdx mice?

PROBLEM: Context: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number correlates with tumor pathology in some cancers.', 'To investigate mtDNA copy number in head and neck cancer (HNC).', 'mtDNA copy number was determined and compared between HNC patients and malignancy-free controls.', 'The mtDNA copy number was significantly higher in HNC patients, increased with cancer progression and correlated negatively with patient survival.
Answer: mtDNA copy number appears to be associated with HNC stage and survival, but confirmation requires similar studies in larger cohorts.

SOLUTION:
Is mitochondrial DNA copy number associated with diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck cancer?