Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and Nrf2 is the transcriptional factor central in cellular antioxidant responses. In the present study, we investigate the effect of a dihydrolipoic acid derivative lipoicmethylenedioxyphenol (LMDP) on the progression of atherosclerosis and test whether its effect on atherosclerosis is mediated by Nrf2.', 'Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning and en face analysis reveal that 14 weeks of treatment with LMDP markedly reduced atherosclerotic burden in a rabbit balloon vascular injury model. Myograph analyses show decreased aortic contractile response to phenylephrine and increased aortic response to acetylcholine and insulin in LMDP-treated animals, suggesting that LMDP inhibits atherosclerosis through improving vascular function. A role of Nrf2 signaling in mediating the amelioration of vascular function by LMDP was supported by increased Nrf2 translocation into nuclear and increased expression of Nrf2 target genes. Furthermore, chemotaxis analysis with Boydem chamber shows that leukocytes isolated from LMDP-treated rabbits had reduced chemotaxis, and knock-down of Nrf2 significantly reduced the effect of LMDP on the chemotaxis of mouse macrophages.
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Recovery to normal or near normal visual acuity is usual after acute demyelinating optic neuritis, despite the frequent persistence of conduction abnormalities as evidenced by the visual evoked potential (VEP). This raises the possibility that cortical adaptation to a persistently abnormal input contributes to the recovery process. The objective of this study was to investigate the pattern of cerebral response to a simple visual stimulus in recovered patients in comparison to normal subjects.', 'Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study the brain activation pattern induced by a periodic monocular 8Hz photic stimulus in seven patients who had recovered from a single episode of acute unilateral optic neuritis, and in seven normal controls. VEPs and structural optic nerve MRI were performed on patients.', 'Stimulation of either eye in controls activated only the occipital visual cortex. However, in patients, stimulation of the recovered eye also induced extensive activation in other areas including the insula-claustrum, lateral temporal and posterior parietal cortices, and thalamus; stimulation of the clinically unaffected eye activated visual cortex and right insula-claustrum only. The volume of extraoccipital activation in patients was strongly correlated with VEP latency (r = 0.71, p = 0.005).
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Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair (EVAR) is associated with a decreased incidence of perioperative cardiac complications compared with open repair. However, EVAR is not associated with long-term survival benefit. This study assessed the effect of perioperative asymptomatic cardiac damage after EVAR on long-term prognosis.', "In 220 patients undergoing elective EVAR, routine sampling for levels of cardiac troponin T and electrocardiography (ECG) were performed on days 1, 3, and 7 during the patient's hospital stay. Elevated cardiac troponin T was defined as serum concentrations >or=0.01 ng/mL. Asymptomatic cardiac damage was defined as cardiac troponin T release without symptoms or ECG changes. The median follow-up was 2.9 years. Survival status was obtained by contacting the Office of Civil Registry.", 'Release of cardiac troponin T (median, 0.08 ng/mL) occurred in 24 of 220 patients, of whom 20 (83%) were asymptomatic and without ECG changes. Patients with asymptomatic cardiac damage had a mortality rate of 49% [corrected] after 2.9 years vs 15% [corrected] for patients without perioperative cardiac damage (P < .001). Also after adjustment for clinical risk factors and medication use applying multivariate Cox regression analysis, asymptomatic cardiac damage was associated with a 2.3-fold increased risk for death (95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.1). Statin use was associated with a reduced long-term risk for death (hazard ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.9).

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