Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: The main objective of this study was to analyse the outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) of a group of patients with at least one self-reported allergy and a group of patients without reported allergies. We hypothesized there is a significant negative influence on clinical outcome scores after TKA in patients with self-reported allergies.', "Four-hundred and seventy-five patients who had undergone TKA were analysed preoperatively and 1\xa0year after surgery. The WOMAC, KSS and SF-36 scores were obtained. The patients' Yesavage depression questionnaire score was also recorded. The scores of the 330 (69.5\xa0%) patients without self-reported allergies were compared to the scores of the 145 (30.5\xa0%) patients with at least one self-reported allergy in the medical record.", 'Preoperative scores were similar in both groups. The WOMAC post-operative scores (23.6 vs 20.4; p\xa0=\xa00.037) and the KSS-Knee score (91.1 vs 87.6; p\xa0=\xa00.027) were worse in the group of patients with self-reported allergies than in the group without allergies. The scores from the Yesavage depression questionnaire and in the SF-36 were similar in both groups.

A: Do patient-reported allergies cause inferior outcomes after total knee arthroplasty?
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Q: To compare the safety and success of a retrograde approach using a microcatheter vs. a sheath in the treatment of superficial femoral artery (SFA) chronic total occlusions (CTOs).', 'From April 2007 to December 2012, 188 consecutive patients underwent EVT for 229 de novo SFA CTOs using the retrograde approach in 68 patients (35 men; mean age 72 years). This cohort was divided into cases performed with a 4-F or 6-F sheath (n=28, 36 limbs) and those with a 2.1-F microcatheter (n=35, 49 limbs). The primary outcomes were mean time to hemostasis and number of intra- and postoperative puncture site complications, as well as the success of popliteal artery puncture, lesion crossing, and reperfusion.', 'There were no significant differences between two groups in baseline characteristics. PA puncture was successful in all limbs, and the success in crossing the lesion with the wire was not significantly different (91.9% in the sheath group vs. 89.8% in the microcatheter group). Mean time to hemostasis was 8.9±8.8 minutes in the microcatheter group vs. 47.7±13 minutes in the sheath group (p<0.0001). There was a significant difference in intraoperative and postoperative complications (22.2% in the sheath group vs. 2.0% in the microcatheter group, p=0.002).

A: Is a sheathless retrograde approach via the popliteal artery useful and safe for treating chronic total occlusions in the superficial femoral artery?
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Q: The mechanism by which low dose methotrexate (MTX, the gold standard treatment for rheumatoid arthritis) exerts its anti-inflammatory effect in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is still debated. Lately, the MTX immunosuppressive effect has been related to apoptosis, especially in active RA patients, with ROS involvement.', 'In the present research we investigated MTX oxidative effect and its ability to modulate immune balance in active versus non-active RA patients.', 'Our results show that MTX induces IL-10 secretion (a TH2 cytokine) and significantly reduces TH1 profile in Peripheral Mononuclear Cells (PMNC) derived from active RA patients (n=28). Additionally, we found that MTX modulates the immune status towards TH2 dominance by decreasing the IL-12R and the CXCR3 receptors typical for the TH1 population. Moreover, MTX was found to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) in these patients, a phenomenon that might contribute to MTX action toward cytokine homeostasis. A significant correlation was found between MTX IL-10 induction and NO inhibition in active RA patients.

A:
Does methotrexate selectively modulate TH1/TH2 balance in active rheumatoid arthritis patients?
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