Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[Q]: Recent research suggests that preintervention functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data may predict weight loss outcomes among patients who participate in a behavioral weight loss plan. No study has examined whether presurgical brain activation can predict outcomes following bariatric surgery.', 'The aim of the present study was to determine if brain activations during a presurgical fMRI food-motivation paradigm are associated with weight loss 3 and 6 months following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Nineteen participants viewed food and nonfood pictures from a well-established food motivation paradigm during an fMRI scanning session before LAGB surgery. Weight was assessed presurgery and 3 and 6 months postsurgery; data for all participants was available at each time point. fMRI data were analyzed using the BrainVoyager QX statistical package. Whole brain voxelwise correlations of presurgery (food-nonfood) brain activation and weight, corrected for multiple comparisons, were performed to analyze the relationship between presurgical brain activation and subsequent weight loss. The settings were a medical university brain imaging center and 2 surgical weight loss centers in a major metropolitan area.', 'Increased activity in frontal regions associated with cognitive control (medial, middle, superior frontal gyrus) and posterior cingulate cortex was associated with weight loss following LAGB.
[A]: 0


[Q]: Intrathecal adenosine is antinociceptive under conditions of central sensitization, but not in response to acute stimuli in normals. The reasons for this selective circumstance of action remain unclear, but some evidence links adenosine's antinociceptive effects to release of norepinephrine by terminals in the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to test whether spinal adenosine induces norepinephrine release selectively in settings of hypersensitivity.", 'Rats randomly assigned to spinal nerve ligation, sham operation, or no operation were anesthetized. A microdialysis fiber was implanted in the spinal cord dorsal horn at the L5-L6 level and perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid. After washout and a baseline sample period, adenosine at various concentrations was infused through the fiber for 150 min, and samples were collected every 15 min.', "In ligated, but not in sham or normal animals, adenosine perfusion increased norepinephrine in spinal cord microdialysates in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of adenosine plateaued after 75 min and remained stable until the end of the experiment. Intravenous injection of selective adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonists revealed that adenosine's effect on spinal norepinephrine release was A1 receptor mediated.
[A]: 0


[Q]: Irinotecan (CPT-11), a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent, can cause severe neutropenia and diarrhea. The area under the curve of plasma levels over time of SN-38, an active metabolite of CPT-11, was previously reported to correlate with the pre-treatment serum total bilirubin level (PTB). However, there are no established criteria for selecting CPT-11 dose on the basis of PTB. Therefore, we evaluated PTB as an indicator for the optimal CPT-11 dose.', 'Retrospective analyses were conducted in patients administered CPT-11 as a single agent at the Osaka National Hospital from June 2006 to July 2013. Data obtained during the first 28 days following CPT-11 administration were analyzed to compare PTB between patients with and without grade 3-4 neutropenia and grade 3-4 diarrhea. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal PTB cutoff value for PTB-associated toxicity. Subgroup analysis was performed comparing the incidence of toxicity in patients with PTB values below or above the cutoff value.', 'Although PTB incidence was significantly higher in patients who developed grade 3-4 neutropenia than in those who did not, PTB was not associated with grade 3-4 diarrhea. The PTB cutoff value for association with grade 3-4 neutropenia occurrence was set at 0.8 mg/dL. The incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) significantly elevated to 21% in patients with PTB ≥0.8 mg/dL, whereas that of patients with PTB <0.8 mg/dL was 4%. In the subgroup analysis, no difference was found in the neutropenia incidence between patients treated with a dose below 80 mg/m(2) and those treated on a weekly schedule.
[A]:
0