In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[Q]: In one work, this thinker consults with a monk to better understand the concept of proximate power. This thinker divided hypotheses into three categories depending on what absurdities would be implied by accepting the hypothesis as true or false. This man participated in the Formulary Controversy with a series of letters in which he attacked Antonio Escobar's use of casuistry and lambasted the moral lapses of the Jesuits. After a carriage accident and a subsequent religious vision, he published his Memorial, which led to him taking up the cause of the Jansenists. He is the namesake of an idea that suggests that the belief in God represents the possibility of infinite gain while only imposing a finite loss. For 10 points, name this author of the Provincial Letters and Pensees, a French philosopher who is the namesake of a "wager" and a mathematical triangle.
[A]: Social Science


[Q]: It causes the weak bluish white glow in polls of water that shield some nuclear reactors. It is created by highly energetic charged particles that displace electrons in the medium through which they travel, and the subsequent electromagnetic wave in the wake of these particles is similar to the bow wave of a fast boat. FTP, what is this light produced when charged particles move through a medium faster than the speed of light in that medium
[A]: Science


[Q]: One leader of this country made every political faction except his AREMA party illegal, that man was the socialist Didier Ratsiraka. Queen Ranavalona I of this country's Merina Dynasty persecuted Christians converted by the London Missionary Society on this island nation. During WWII, Britain launched Operation Ironclad to wrest control of this island nation from Vichy France, and Adolf Hitler green lighted a Nazi plan which proposed sending European Jews to this country. FTP, name this nation with capital Antananarivo, an island off the southeastern coast of Africa.
[A]:
History