Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Previous studies have shown that Fructus Ligustri Lucide (FLL) can be used to anti-cancer. However, the mechanism by which FLL mediate this effect is unclear. In the present study, aqueous extracts of FLL induced cell apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cell was investigated.', 'The cell viability was detected by the CCK8 assay. The cell apoptosis was assessed by annexin V-PI double-labeling staining and hoechst 33342 staining. The protein expression of cell cycle regulators and tumor suppressors were analyzed by western blotting.', 'Treatment of human gastric carcinoma cells with FLL induced cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner by using CCK8 assay. Consistent with the CCK8 assay, the flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of the early and terminal phase of apoptosis cells had gained after FLL treatment as compared to untreated group. Moreover, human gastric carcinoma cells were exposed to the aqueous extracts of FLL for 48 h, which resulted in an accumulation of cells in G2/M phase. Apoptotic bodies were clearly observed in human gastric carcinoma that had been treated with FLL for 48 h and then stained with Hochest 33342. Treatment of gastric carcinoma cells with increasing doses of FLL and increasing durations significantly increased the protein expression of Bax and Caspase3, decreased the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 level. The expression of CDC2 and cdc25C were downregulated upon FLL treatment in human gastric carcinoma. In contrast, p53 and p21 were obviously upregulated by FLL treatment in a concentration-dependent manner.

Ex Output:
Do aqueous extracts of Fructus Ligustri Lucide induce gastric carcinoma cell apoptosis and G2/M cycle arrest?


Ex Input:
Activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators have been considered as major events of acute pancreatitis (AP). Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2), a member of the importin α family, reportedly modulates p65 subcellular localization.', 'This study aimed to investigate the expression and possible functions of KPNA2 in the AP cell and animal model, focusing on its association with NF-κB activation.', 'An AP cell model was established with the cerulein-stimulated AR42J and isolated rat pancreatic acinar cells. The AP rat model was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of cerulein. The secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and LDH was detected by ELISA kits and the production of NO using nitric oxide kit. Expression of KPNA2 was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. Expression levels of IKKα, phosphorylation of p65, and total p65 were detected by Western blot. Co-localization of KPNA2 with p65 was observed by immunofluorescence assay. To determine the biological functions of KPNA2 in cerulein-induced inflammatory response, RNA interference was employed to knockdown KPNA2 expression in AR42J and isolated pancreatic acini cells.', 'Cerulein stimulated KPNA2 expression and IL-6, TNF-α, NO, and LDH production in rat pancreatic acinar cells. Cerulein triggered the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit, indicating the NF-κB activation. The co-localization and nuclear accumulation of KPNA2 and p65 were detected in cerulein-treated cells. Knocking down KPNA2 hindered cerulein-induced nuclear transportation of p65 and alleviated the subsequent inflammatory response in rat pancreatic acinar cells. Additionally, KPNA2 expression was significantly up-regulated in cerulein-induced AP rat model.

Ex Output:
Does karyopherin Alpha 2 promote the Inflammatory Response in Rat Pancreatic Acinar Cells Via Facilitating NF-κB Activation?


Ex Input:
Human xenografts in athymic mice are frequently used as preclinical models of cancer to investigate the targeting of drugs. In order to distinguish specific from nonspecific targeting of the xenograft, the mice can be implanted with different malignant cell lines. We studied in xenograft success and growth rates after implantation of human lymphoma and breast cancer cells to begin an assessment of the validity of this approach for distinguishing specific from nonspecific targeting. Investigations were undertaken to determine the effect of two different cell-line xenografts, and prior radiation needed for one of the xenografts, on implantation success and growth rates.', 'Female athymic mice were given 4 Gy of external beam radiation 4 days prior to subcutaneous (s.c.) abdominal implantation of 6 x 10(6) Raji human lymphoma cells. One week later, 3 x 10(6) hamster blood transfusion (HBT) 3477 human breast cancer cells were implanted s.c. in a contralateral abdominal site. Xenografts were evaluated frequently thereafter. Xenograft success and growth rates were compared to those observed in "historical" control groups, wherein only a single xenograft of each type was implanted.', 'Raji xenografts developed from 73.7% of the implantations, and 100% of the HBT 3477 xenografts were successful in the experimental group. The "historical" Raji xenograft success rate was 74.1% (+/-9.3%), and the "historical" HBT 3477 xenografts success rate was 99.0% (+/-1.1%). HBT 3477 xenografts did not affect the growth rate of the Raji xenografts, and the mean doubling time for the experimental Raji xenografts was 6.3 days (+/-4.5 days), compared to the "historical" control group mean of 5.1 days (+/-3.9 days; p = 0.2). Similarly, the growth rates for the HBT 3477 xenografts were not affected by the Raji xenografts and the pre-radiation needed for this model. Mean doubling time for HBT 3477 xenografts in the presence of Raji xenografts was 9.2 days (+/-17.6 days), compared to a doubling time of 1.4 days (+/-15.2 days; p = 0.55 and 0.94 studies 1 and 2, respectively). Mean HBT 3477 xenograft doubling time for the "historical" control group was 4.4 days (+/-6.0 days).

Ex Output:

Does implantation of different malignant human cell lines in an athymic mouse alter success and growth rates of either xenograft?