Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: To assess the activity of mTOR and downstream effector proteins in the mTOR pathway after treatment with a dual mTOR complex 1 and 2 (mTORC1/2) inhibitor (PP242) compared with that of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor (rapamycin) using a xenograft tumor model.', 'Pheochromocytoma PC12 cell were xenografted into nude mice. Animals were treated with PP242 and rapamycin. Mean tumor volume was compared across groups. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining was used to detect apoptosis. Immunoblot analysis was performed to assess mTORC1/2 activity using p-Akt, p-S6, and p-4E-BP1. The expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and the mediator of angiogenesis vascular endothelial growth factor were also investigated.', 'The mean tumor volume of PP242 was significantly lower than in other groups. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling results showed that PP242 markedly increased cell apoptosis compared with other groups. Immunoblot analysis of tumor lysates treated with PP242 demonstrated inhibition of activated p-Akt. We also observed that only PP242, but not rapamycin, significantly reduced Bcl-2 expression and markedly increased Bax expression. Rapamycin decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression, but not nearly as striking as seen in the PP242 group.

A: 1
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Q: Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a complex mechanism involving several mediators, and different hemodynamic forces. Temporally distinct FMD patterns can be elicited by ischemic stimulus. Some subjects dilate early after cuff release, while others dilate later or do not dilate at all. Aim of the present research was to verify if hemorheological and hemodynamic factors might influence different FMD pattern.', '148 free-living subjects were studied. FMD was measured at 50 s, 2 min and 3 min. Blood viscosity was measured and shear stress calculated. Shear stress stimulus was quantified as the area under the curve after ischemia (SSAUC) over the first 40-s post-occlusion.', 'Based on the timing or absence of arterial dilation, 82 subjects were classified as Early dilators, 37 as Late dilators and 29 as No dilators. Peak FMD was 7.9 ± 4.3 % in Early dilators, and 9.1 ± 5.7 in Late dilators (p = NS). SSAUC was not significantly different among three groups, while blood viscosity was significantly higher in Late FMD subjects. Regression analyses showed the independent predictive role of age and blood viscosity on FMD patterns, and the lack of any association between FMD pattern and the magnitude of SS.

A: 1
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Q: To assess if titration of sevoflurane using the bispectral index (BIS) monitor improves the early and intermediate recovery in geriatric outpatients undergoing brief urologic procedures under general anesthesia without muscle relaxants.', 'After a standardized induction with propofol and fentanyl, a laryngeal mask airway was inserted and sevoflurane was administered in combination with 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen for maintenance of anesthesia in spontaneously breathing outpatients. In the Control group (n = 25), sevoflurane and fentanyl were titrated according to standard clinical practice. In the BIS-directed group (n = 25), sevoflurane was titrated to maintain a BIS value between 50 and 60, and supplemental fentanyl, 25 mug iv boluses were administered to treat tachypnea. The intraoperative anesthetic and analgesic requirements, as well as the times to eye opening, removal of the laryngeal mask airway device, response to simple commands, orientation to person and place, and postanesthesia care unit discharge eligibility (fast-track score of 14) were assessed at specific time intervals.', 'The minimum alveolar concentration-hour of sevoflurane (0.25 +/- 0.15 and 0.31 +/- 0.2) and end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane at the end of surgery (0.3 +/- 0.3 and 0.4 +/- 0.20%) did not differ significantly between the Control and BIS-directed groups, respectively. Although the percentage of patients requiring supplemental boluses of fentanyl was reduced in the BIS-directed group (16 vs 48%, P <0.05), the intraoperative BIS values and recovery times were similar in the two groups.

A:
1
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