Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is a candidate gene in therapeutic responses to antidepressants. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of BDNF allelic variability on responses to escitalopram treatment at 3\xa0weeks after treatment initiation and at a 6-week endpoint.', 'We included 187 Caucasian subjects with depression; 153 completed the 6-week study. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) before and after 3-6 weeks of treatment.', 'After 3\xa0weeks of treatment, we saw significantly better treatment responses in the Met carriers and greater antidepressant resistance among the Val/Val homozygotes. Relative to Val/Val homozygous (59.78\xa0%), a significantly greater proportion of subjects Met-carriers (77.94\xa0%) responded to escitalopram treatment (χ (2)\u2009=\u20095.88, p\u2009=\u20090.015). After 6\xa0weeks, we found the same pattern of results but this effect did not reach statistical significance (χ (2)\u2009=\u20092.07, p\u2009=\u20090.15).
[A]: Is the BDNF Val ( 66 ) Met polymorphism associated with escitalopram response in depressed patients?


[Q]: High urine volume enhances urinary free cortisol (UFF) and cortisone (UFE) excretion rates in normal-weight adults and children. Renal excretion rates of glucocorticoids (GC) and their metabolites are frequently altered in obesity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether UFF and UFE excretion is also affected by urine volume in severely obese subjects.', 'In 24-h urine samples of 59 extremely obese subjects (mean BMI 45.3+/-8.9 kg/m(2)) and 20 healthy lean subjects (BMI 22.1+/-1.8 kg/m(2)), UFF and UFE, tetrahydrocortisol (THF), 5alpha-tetrahydrocortisol (5alpha-THF), and tetrahydrocortisone (THE) were quantified by RIA. The sum of THF, 5alpha-THF, and THE (GC3), the three major GC metabolites, reflects daily cortisol secretion. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) activity was assessed by the ratio UFE/UFF. Daily GC excretion rates were corrected for urine creatinine and adjusted for gender and body weight.', 'In extremely obese subjects, urine volume was significantly associated with creatinine-corrected UFE and 11beta-HSD2 activity after adjustment for gender and BMI (r=0.47, p=0.0002 and r=0.31, p=0.02, respectively). However, urine volume was not associated with creatinine-corrected UFF and GC3 (p=0.4 and p=0.6, respectively). In lean controls, urine volume was significantly associated with creatinine-corrected UFE and UFF (r=0.58, p=0.01 and r=0.55, p=0.02, respectively), whereas urine volume was not associated with 11beta-HSD2 activity after appropriate adjustment (p=0.3).
[A]: Is urinary free cortisone , but not cortisol , associated with urine volume in severe obesity?


[Q]: Although evidence suggests that antiretroviral (ARV) regimens containing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are superior to single-protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens at suppressing viral load, it is unclear how much of the improved viral suppression is due to intrinsic drug potency versus higher levels of adherence to simpler regimens. We therefore examined adherence and viral suppression in NNRTI and single-PI regimens in a cohort of largely ARV-experienced participants by using objective measures of adherence.', "Participants were recruited from the Research on Access to Care in the Homeless (REACH) Cohort and were included in the study if they were on single-PI-based or NNRTI-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens for at least 3 months prior to study entry. Adherence was measured by unannounced pill counts at the participant's usual place of residence. The primary outcome was suppression of HIV viral RNA to <50 copies/mL.", 'Among 109 individuals who were followed for a median of 8.7 months, the odds of virologic suppression were approximately 8 times higher (p < .01) for participants on NNRTI-based regimens (n = 53) compared with those using single-PI-based regimens (n = 56) when controlling for adherence, as well as other potential confounders in a multivariable analysis. The only other independent predictors of viral suppression in multivariable modeling were ARV adherence (p < .01), CD4 nadir (p = .02), and continuous months on current regimen prior to the start of adherence monitoring (p < .01). There was no significant difference in adherence by unannounced pill counts in participants receiving NNRTI- versus single-PI-containing regimens.
[A]:
Are higher rates of viral suppression with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors compared to single protease inhibitors explained by better adherence?