In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Q: It holds only when the molecular attraction between different components is equal to the attraction of any one component in its pure state. Dealing primarily with changes in colligative properties, it allows for the calculation of molecular weights of dissolved substances and leads to the definition of a solution as ideal. FTP, identify this law that relates the vapor pressure and mole fraction of a solution, a law named for its French discoverer.

A: Science
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Q: Rosenheim and Callow developed a test in which a mixture of this compound and metal acetates are used to detect the presence of sterols. Millon's reagent is a solution of mercury in this substance and a similar substance, which turns red in the presence of phenolic compounds and is useful in detecting tyrosine residues. The commercial production of this compound begins with the combustion of ammonia using a platinum-rhodium catalyst; that process is the Ostwald process. For 10 points, identify this acid which is found with hydrochloric acid in aqua regia, and has chemical formula HNO3.

A: Science
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Q: Using Ramanujan's identity or a combination of the Euler identity and Jacobi triple product, p congruencies for it can be found, and Liebniz noted that it was not prime for n equals 7. Numbers which can not be written as a product of it correspond to nonisomorphic Abelian groups that are not possible for any group order. As a function of the volume, temperature, and number of particles in a system, it connects the mechanical properties of a system, through the quantized energies, with the system's thermodynamic properties and its inverse serves as the constant of proportionality between the probability of finding the system in a certain quantum state and the Boltzmann factor. FTP, what is this quantity, represented as Q or Z, which is the sum of all the energy states of a system and gives the distributed of energy over all the possible microstates of the system

A:
Science
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