instruction:
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
question:
Context_1 : The Incoterms rules or International Commercial Terms are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) relating to international commercial law. They are widely used in International commercial transactions or procurement processes as the use in international sales is encouraged by trade councils, courts and international lawyers. A series of three-letter trade terms related to common contractual sales practices, the Incoterms rules are intended primarily to clearly communicate the tasks, costs, and risks associated with the transportation and delivery of goods. Incoterms inform sales contract defining respective obligations, costs, and risks involved in the delivery of goods from the seller to the buyer. However, it does not constitute contract or govern law. Also it does not define where titles transfer and does not address the price payable, currency or credit items. Context_2 : In business or commerce, an order is a stated intention, either spoken or written, to engage in a commercial transaction for specific products or services. From a buyer's point of view it expresses the intention to buy and is called a purchase order. From a seller's point of view it expresses the intention to sell and is referred to as a sales order. When the purchase order of the buyer and the sales order of the seller agree, the orders become a contract between the buyer and seller. Context_3 : A land contract — often described by other terminology listed below — is a contract between the buyer and seller of real property in which the seller provides the buyer financing in the purchase, and the buyer repays the resulting loan in installments. Under a land contract, the seller retains the legal title to the property, while permitting the buyer to take possession of it for most purposes other than legal ownership. The sale price is typically paid in periodic installments, often with a balloon payment at the end to make the timelength of payments shorter than in the corresponding fully amortized loan (i.e., a loan without a final balloon payment). When the full purchase price has been paid including any interest, the seller is obligated to convey (to the buyer) legal title to the property. An initial down payment from the buyer to the seller is usually also required. Context_4 : The point of total assumption (PTA) is a point on the cost line of the profit-cost curve determined by the contract elements associated with a fixed price plus incentive-Firm Target (FPI) contract above which the seller effectively bears all the costs of a cost overrun. The seller bears all of the cost risk at PTA and beyond, due to a dollar for dollar decrease in profit beyond the costs at the PTA. In addition, once the costs on an FPI contract reach PTA, the maximum amount the buyer will pay is the ceiling price. Note, however, that between the cost at PTA and when the cost equals the ceiling price, the seller is still in a profitable position; only after costs exceed the ceiling price is the seller in a loss position. Context_5 : In commodities transactions, formula pricing is an arrangement where a buyer and seller agree in advance on the price to be paid for a product delivered in the future, based upon a pre-determined calculation. For example, a packer might agree to pay a hog producer the average cash market price on the day the hogs will be delivered, plus a 2-cent per-pound premium. Context_6 : Lost volume seller is a legal term in the law of contracts. Such a seller is a special case in contract law. Ordinarily, a seller whose buyer breaches a contract and refuses to purchase the goods can recover from the breaching buyer only the difference between the contract price and the price for which the seller ultimately sells the goods to another buyer (plus, under some circumstances, incidental damages). Context_7 : A call option, often simply labeled a "call", is a financial contract between two parties, the buyer and the seller of this type of option. The buyer of the call option has the "right, but not the obligation", to buy an agreed quantity of a particular commodity or financial instrument (the underlying) from the seller of the option at a certain time (the expiration date) for a certain price (the strike price). The seller (or "writer") is obligated to sell the commodity or financial instrument to the buyer if the buyer so decides. The buyer pays a fee (called a premium) for this right. The term "call" comes from the fact that the owner has the right to "call the stock away" from the seller. Context_8 : Murabaḥah, murabaḥa or murâbaḥah (Arabic: مرابحة‎ ‎ , derived from "ribh" Arabic: ربح‎ ‎ , meaning profit) is a term of "fiqh" (Islamic jurisprudence) for a sales contract where the buyer and seller agree on the markup (profit) or "cost-plus" price for the item(s) being sold. In recent decades it has become a term for a very common form of Islamic (i.e. "shariah compliant") financing, where the price is marked-up in exchange for allowing the buyer to defer payment (a contract with deferred payment being known as "bai-muajjal"). "Murabaha" financing is similar to a rent-to-own arrangement in the non-Muslim world, with the intermediary (i.e. the lending bank) retaining ownership of the item being sold until the loan is paid in full. There are also Islamic investment funds and sukuk (Islamic bonds) that use "murabahah" contracts. Context_9 : Markup is the ratio between the cost of a good or service and its selling price. It is expressed as a percentage over the cost. A markup is added onto the total cost incurred by the producer of a good or service in order to cover the costs of doing business and create a profit. The total cost reflects the total amount of both fixed and variable expenses to produce and distribute a product. Markup can be expressed as a fixed amount or as a percentage of the total cost or selling price. Retail markup is commonly calculated as the difference between wholesale price and retail price, as a percentage of wholesale. Other methods are also used. Context_10 : As is is a legal term used to disclaim some implied warranties for an item being sold. Certain types of implied warranties must be specifically disclaimed, such as the implied warranty of title. "As is" denotes that the seller is selling, and the buyer is buying an item in whatever condition it presently exists, and that the buyer is accepting the item "with all faults", whether or not immediately apparent. This is the classic "buyer beware" situation, where the careful buyer should take the time to examine the item before accepting it, or obtain expert advice. fact_1 : Murabaḥah, murabaḥa or murâbaḥah (Arabic: مرابحة‎ ‎ , derived from "ribh" Arabic: ربح‎ ‎ , meaning profit) is a term of "fiqh" (Islamic jurisprudence) for a sales contract where the buyer and seller agree on the markup (profit) or "cost-plus" price for the item(s) being sold. fact_2 : Markup is the ratio between the cost of a good or service and its selling price. fact_3 :  A markup is added onto the total cost incurred by the producer of a good or service in order to cover the costs of doing business and create a profit. Question: Murabaḥah is a term for a sales contract where the buyer and seller agree on the markup (profit) or "cost-plus" price for the item(s) being sold, which covers the cost of what?
answer:
doing business


question:
Context_1 : Barbadian recording artist Rihanna has embarked on four concert tours, three of which have been worldwide. Her 2006 debut, was based in North America only and supported her first and second studio album, "Music of the Sun" (2005) and "A Girl like Me" (2006). The tour lasted for three months, through which Rihanna performed 36 shows. The same year, Rihanna continued to tour as a special guest on the PCD World Tour with Pussycat Dolls, Roc the Block Tour with Jay-Z and Ne-Yo, and the Monkey Business Tour with Black Eyed Peas. In the period from 2007 till 2009, she performed on the worldwide Good Girl Gone Bad Tour in a support of her third studio album with same name. During the tour, Rihanna visited Europe, North America, Oceania, Asia and Africa. It featured Rihanna presenting completely different style and wearing leather outfits. The Good Girl Gone Bad Tour sparked controversy in Malaysia where the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party recommended that Rihanna's concert tour should be banned due her provocative outfits. A DVD, titled "Good Girl Gone Bad Live" was released on June 16, 2008. It features the show from Evening News Arena in Manchester, England, held on December 6, 2007. Context_2 : Loud is the fifth studio album by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released on November 12, 2010, by Def Jam Recordings and SRP Records. It was recorded between February and August 2010, during the singer's Last Girl on Earth Tour and the filming of her first feature film "Battleship". Rihanna was the executive producer of "Loud" and worked with various record producers, including StarGate, Sandy Vee, The Runners, Tricky Stewart and Alex da Kid. The album features several guest vocalists, including rappers Drake, Nicki Minaj and Eminem, who is featured on the sequel to "Love the Way You Lie", titled "Love the Way You Lie (Part II)". Context_3 : "Complicated" is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna from her fifth studio album "Loud" (2010). It was written and produced by Tricky Stewart and Ester Dean. "Complicated" is a dance-pop, hip hop and trance music song, which also displays elements of pop, dance-pop and R&B. It contains lyrical content explaining how two people in a relationship can find one another complicated at times. The song was acclaimed by critics, as the majority of reviewers concluded that it was one of the best tracks to be included on "Loud". Reviewers also praised Rihanna's vocal performance in the song. Upon the release of the album in November 2010, the song charted at number 50 on the South Korea Gaon International Chart. Context_4 : The Diamonds World Tour was the fifth concert tour by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna. It was launched in support of her seventh studio album "Unapologetic" (2012). The tour was announced in September 2012 following the singer's performance at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards. The tour kicked off on March 8, 2013 in Buffalo, New York and officially ending on November 15, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The tour visited the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia with 96 shows in total. This was Rihanna's first Australian tour since February 2011 with The Last Girl On Earth Tour. Context_5 : Rihanna (originally titled and alternatively known as Rihanna: The Last Girl on Earth) is a coffee table photo-book by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna and British artist Simon Henwood. Henwood envisioned the project as the depiction of a "journey", as it includes professional and candid photos by him, that show the singer's fourth studio album, "Rated R"' s (2009) promotional campaign, alongside pictures from other live appearances. The publication features a preface written by French designer Alexandre Vauthier. Context_6 : Adam Ross is an American guitarist, songwriter, and producer. He is best known for being Rihanna's touring guitarist, including the Good Girl Gone Bad Tour, The Glow In The Dark Tour, and the Last Girl on Earth Tour. He is featured in Rihanna's 2008 release Good Girl Gone Bad Live and has also shared the stage with Jay-Z, Eminem, Chris Brown, and Ne-Yo while on tour. He currently is on tour with Adam Lambert on his The Original High Tour. Context_7 : "Loveeeeeee Song" is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna recorded for her seventh studio album "Unapologetic" (2012). The song features vocals by American singer-rapper Future who also co-wrote, and music produced by Luney Tunez, Emmanuel Zaragoza (previously known as Mex Manny) and Future. Additional writing was done by Denisia "Blu June" Andrews and Rihanna herself. The song was released as the fourth single in the UK only and fourth overall from the album, impacting on urban radio stations in that region on April 3, 2013. Context_8 : Live: P-Funk Earth Tour is a 1977 Parliament live double album that documents the band's P-Funk Earth Tour of that year. The performances include songs from Parliament's albums through "The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein" as well as songs from the Funkadelic repertoire. The album is made up of portions of two performances from January 1977 at the Oakland Coliseum and the Los Angeles Forum. Context_9 : The Last Girl on Earth was the third concert tour by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna. The tour visited Europe, Asia, North America and Australia to support her fourth studio album, "Rated R" (2009). The tour was announced through MTV News in December 2009. The tour grossed over $40 million according to Trollpoll as Rihanna earned over $30 million worldwide and around $10 million in Australia. In an interview, Rihanna stated, "It's going to be a worldwide tour, so it's going to be a very long tour. We'll definitely be in your city, so look out for that." The tour received generally positive reception. Context_10 : "You da One" is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna recorded for her sixth studio album, "Talk That Talk" (2011). It was co-written by Rihanna with Ester Dean, Henry Walter, John Hill and Lukasz Gottwald. Production of the song was completed by Gottwald, under his production name Dr. Luke, and Cirkut. Kuk Harrell and Marcas Tovar recorded the track at the Sofital Paris Le Laubourg, Room 538, and Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles, California. It premiered on US radio on November 11, 2011, and was made available to download digitally throughout Europe and Australasia on November 14, 2011. It was added to US Mainstream, rhythmic and urban radio station playlists on November 29, 2011. Throughout December 2011 and January 2012, a remix extended play (EP) was released worldwide. fact_1 : "Complicated" is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna from her fifth studio album "Loud" (2010). fact_2 :  It was recorded between February and August 2010, during the singer's Last Girl on Earth Tour and the filming of her first feature film "Battleship". Question: What was the name of the album containing the song "Complicated" that Rihanna recorded during her Last Girl on Earth Tour in 2010?
answer:
Loud


question:
Context_1 : Tootsie is a 1982 American comedy film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Dustin Hoffman, with a supporting cast that includes Bill Murray, Jessica Lange, Teri Garr, Dabney Coleman, Charles Durning, Geena Davis (in her acting debut), and Doris Belack. The film tells the story of a talented but volatile actor whose reputation for being difficult forces him to adopt a new identity as a woman in order to land a job. The film was adapted by Larry Gelbart, Barry Levinson (uncredited), Elaine May (uncredited) and Murray Schisgal from the story by Gelbart and Don McGuire. Context_2 : Ethel Owen (March 30, 1893 – February 16, 1997) was an American actress with a lengthy career on stage as well as radio and television. In her early sixties, during the mid-1950s, she had a memorable recurring TV role on "The Honeymooners", playing Mrs. Gibson, Ralph Kramden's sharp-tongued, interfering mother-in-law. Context_3 : Jinxed! (also known as Jinxed on promotional media) is a 1982 American comedy film starring Bette Midler, Rip Torn and Ken Wahl. Directed by Don Siegel, the veteran filmmaker would suffer a heart attack during the troubled production. This would be Siegel's final film. Context_4 : The Toy is a 1982 American comedy film directed by Richard Donner, and starring Richard Pryor and Jackie Gleason, with Ned Beatty, Scott Schwartz, Teresa Ganzel, and Virginia Capers in supporting roles. It is an adaptation of the 1976 French film "Le Jouet". Context_5 : King Ralph is a 1991 American comedy film starring John Goodman in the title role of Ralph Jones. The movie also stars Peter O'Toole as the King's private secretary, Sir Cedric Willingham, Camille Coduri as Ralph's girlfriend Miranda Greene, and John Hurt as the British peer Percival Graves, who schemes to get Ralph removed in order to claim the throne himself. Context_6 : Jimmy the Kid is a 1982 American comedy film starring Gary Coleman and Paul Le Mat. It was directed by Gary Nelson, produced by Ronald Jacobs, and released on November 12, 1982 by New World Pictures. Following 1981's "On the Right Track", it was second theatrical film release starring Coleman. Context_7 : John Herbert "Jackie" Gleason (February 26, 1916June 24, 1987) was an American comedian, actor, writer, composer and conductor who developed a style and characters in his career from growing up in Brooklyn, New York. He was known for his brash visual and verbal comedy style, exemplified by his bus driver character Ralph Kramden in the television series "The Honeymooners". By filming the episodes with Electronicams, Gleason was later able to release the series in syndication, which increased its popularity over the years with new audiences. He also developed "The Jackie Gleason Show," which maintained high ratings from the mid-1950s until its cancellation in 1970. After originating in Hollywood, filming moved to Miami, Florida, in 1964 after Gleason took up permanent residence there. Context_8 : The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television western romantic comedy film starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany and Lisa Whelchel from executive producer Aaron Spelling. It premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982 and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast. Context_9 : Arthur William Matthew "Art" Carney (November 4, 1918 – November 9, 2003) was an American actor in film, stage, television and radio. He is best known for playing sewer worker Ed Norton opposite Jackie Gleason's Ralph Kramden in the sitcom "The Honeymooners", and for winning the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in "Harry and Tonto". Context_10 : Human Highway is a 1982 American comedy film starring and co-directed by Neil Young under his pseudonym Bernard Shakey. Dean Stockwell co-directed the film and acted along with Russ Tamblyn, Dennis Hopper, and the band Devo. Included is a collaborative performance of "Hey Hey, My My (Into the Black)" by Devo and Young with Booji Boy singing lead vocals and Young playing lead guitar. fact_1 : The Toy is a 1982 American comedy film directed by Richard Donner, and starring Richard Pryor and Jackie Gleason, with Ned Beatty, Scott Schwartz, Teresa Ganzel, and Virginia Capers in supporting roles. fact_2 :  He was known for his brash visual and verbal comedy style, exemplified by his bus driver character Ralph Kramden in the television series "The Honeymooners". Question: Who was the director of the 1982 American comedy film starring the actor who played Ralph Kramden in the television series "The Honeymooners"?
answer:

Richard Donner