In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.

Input: Consider Input: A “coding scheme” is defined, which is a set of labels, annotations, or codes that items in the corpus may have. Schemes include formal definitions or procedures, and often include examples, particularly for borderline cases. Next, coders are trained with the coding scheme, which typically involves interactive feedback. Training sometimes results in changes to the coding scheme, in which the first round becomes a pilot test. Then, annotators independently review at least a portion of the same items throughout the entire process, with a calculation of “inter-annotator agreement” or “inter-rater reliability.” Finally, there is a process of “reconciliation” for disagreements, which is sometimes by majority vote without discussion and other times discussion-based.

Output: What are the core best practices of structured content analysis?


Input: Consider Input: Conditional Random Fields
Conditional Random Fields (CRF) BIBREF10 are a standard approach when dealing with sequential data in the context of sequence labeling. BiLSTM-CRF
Prior to the emergence of deep neural language models, BiLSTM-CRF models BIBREF11 had achieved state-of-the-art results for the task of sequence labeling. Multi-Task Learning
Multi-Task Learning (MTL) BIBREF15 has become popular with the progress in deep learning. BioBERT
Deep neural language models have recently evolved to a successful method for representing text. In particular, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) outperformed previous state-of-the-art methods by a large margin on various NLP tasks BIBREF17.

Output: What baseline systems are proposed?


Input: Consider Input: We evaluated our attention transformations on three language pairs. We use the IWSLT 2014 corpus for De-En, the KFTT corpus for Ja-En BIBREF19 , and the WMT 2016 dataset for Ro-En.


Output: What are the language pairs explored in this paper?