Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: To distinguish whether the improvement of hepatic encephalopathy by benzodiazepine receptor antagonists is mediated by their antagonistic or their inverse agonistic properties, the neurobehavioral effects of a variety of benzodiazepine receptor ligands in rats with thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure were tested.', 'The neural inhibitory effect of the benzodiazepine agonist flunitrazepam and its reversibility by the "pure" antagonist Ro 14-7437 were examined in thioacetamide-treated rats and controls. The effects of Ro 14-7437, of the partial inverse agonist Ro 15-4513, and the inverse agonist DMCM in rats with hepatic encephalopathy grade II/III were tested. Encephalopathic rats were pretreated with Ro 14-7437 or vehicle and then injected with Ro 15-4513.', 'Thioacetamide-treated rats were more sensitive to flunitrazepam than controls. In both groups, its effect was completely antagonized with Ro 14-7437. Encephalopathy was significantly improved by Ro 15-4513, although Ro 14-7437 and vehicle had no effect. DMCM worsened the condition of encephalopathic rats but had no effect in controls. Pretreatment with Ro 14-7437 abolished the beneficial effects of Ro 15-4513.
Answer: In rats with thioacetamide-induced liver failure, endogenous benzodiazepines do not precipitate hepatic encephalopathy. The amelioration of hepatic encephalopathy is mediated by benzodiazepine receptor ligands with both antagonistic and inverse agonistic properties.

Output: Is hepatic encephalopathy in rats with thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure mediated by endogenous benzodiazepines?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Respiratory failure is a major complication after cardiac surgery. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (mini AVR) on the occurrence of left lower lobe atelectasis (LLLA) in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU).', '98 patients were scheduled to undergo mini AVR. 14 of these patients were converted to a full sternotomy due to technical problems. These patients were compared to a group of 50 patients having planned AVR through a full sternotomy. The incidence of LLLA was evaluated on the first postoperative chest X-ray in the cardiac ICU.', 'In the group having completed mini AVR 20/84 (24%) had a partial LLLA while in the group having extension to a full sternotomy 9/14 (64%) had LLLA lobe (P<0.005). In the group of 50 patients who had AVR through a full sternotomy, 27 patients (54%) had LLLA in the ICU which is also significantly higher (P<0.008) than the percentage of atelectasis in the mini AVR group.
Answer: Patients who had mini AVR had a significantly lower incidence of LLLA in the cardiac ICU than patients who had AVR through a full sternotomy.

Output: Does minimally invasive aortic valve replacement reduce atelectasis in cardiac intensive care?


Input: Consider Input: Context: We sought to determine whether intraamniotic delivery of concentrated amniotic-derived mesenchymal stem cells (afMSCs) could reduce damage to exposed bowel in experimental gastroschisis.', 'Rat fetuses (n=117) with surgically created gastroschisis were divided into three groups: untreated animals (n=62) and two groups receiving volume-matched intraamniotic injections of either saline (n=25) or 2 × 10(6) cells/mL of syngeneic, labeled afMSCs (n=30). Animals were killed before term, along with normal controls (NL). Blinded observers performed computerized measurements of total and segmental (serosa, muscularis, and mucosa) intestinal wall thicknesses. Statistical comparisons were by ANOVA (P<0.05).', 'Among survivors with gastroschisis, there were statistically significant decreases in total bowel wall, serosal, muscular, and mucosal thicknesses in the afMSC group vs. the untreated group (P=0.001/0.035/0.001/0.005, respectively) and vs. the saline group (P=0.003/0.05/<0.001/0.026, respectively). There were no such significant differences between the untreated and saline groups. There were no differences between the afMSC group and NL, except for a significantly thicker muscular layer in the afMSC group (P=0.014). Labeled afMSCs were scarcely identified, suggesting a paracrine effect.
Answer: Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells mitigate bowel damage in experimental gastroschisis after concentrated intraamniotic injection. Transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) may become a practical component of the treatment of gastroschisis.


Output: Does transamniotic stem cell therapy ( TRASCET ) mitigate bowel damage in a model of gastroschisis?