Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Infarct heterogeneity has been shown to be independently associated with adverse outcomes in previous smaller studies. However, it is unknown whether infarct characterization is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy, after adjusting for clinical risk factors, severity of ischemic mitral regurgitation, incomplete revascularization, and device therapy.', 'A total of 362 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (left ventricular dysfunction with >70% stenosis in ≥1 epicardial coronary artery) underwent delayed hyperenhancement-magnetic resonance imaging and coronary angiography between 2002 and 2006. Total myocardial scar and peri-infarct (PI) area were measured using various threshold techniques. Multivariate survival analysis (primary end point of all-cause mortality) was conducted. One hundred fifty-seven deaths occurred during a mean 5.4-year follow-up (mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 23±9%; mean end-systolic volume index, 113±48 mL; mean total myocardial scar %, 25.5±16.0%; mean PI%, 5.7±2.9%). PI% (β=2.07; P<0.001) was an independent predictor of survival, independent of age, end-systolic volume, sex, mitral regurgitation, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease severity, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, and incomplete revascularization. PI% using 2 to 3 SD technique yielded the highest incremental prognostic power (χ(2) score 149).
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To determine whether all-trans retinoic acid or a synthetic retinoic acid receptor-α/β-specific agonist, Am80, can reduce the degree of experimental autoimmune optic neuritis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.', 'Optic neuritis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunizing them with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55 . All-trans retinoic acid (350\u2009μg/mouse/time point) or Am80 (5\u2009mg/kg/time point) was administered every other day from day 0 to day 20. The degree of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was scored and histopathological analysis of the optic neuritis was performed on day 22 after the immunization. In vivo-primed draining lymph node cells obtained from vehicle-treated or all-trans retinoic acid-treated mice were stimulated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55 , and the culture supernatant was collected for assays of interferon-γ and interleukin-17.', 'All-trans retinoic acid treatment significantly reduced the clinical score of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and the severity of the optic neuritis by histopathological analysis. The production of interferon-γ and interleukin-17 was significantly reduced in all-trans retinoic acid-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated mice. Am80 treatment also significantly decreased the severity of the optic neuritis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
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The effect and possible mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, baicalin, on the PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway in drug-resistant human myeloid leukemia HL-60/ADR cells have been investigated in this current study.', 'HL-60/ADR cells were treated by 20, 40, 80 μmol/L baicalin followed by cell cycle analysis at 24h. The mRNA expression level of the apoptosis related gene, Bcl-2 and bad, were measured by RT-PCR on cells treated with 80 μmol/L baicalin at 12, 24 and 48hr. Western blot was performed to detect the changes in the expression of the proteins related to HL-60/ADR cell apoptosis and the signaling pathway before and after baicalin treatment, including Bcl-2, PARP, Bad, Caspase 3, Akt, p-Akt, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, mTOR and p-mTOR.', 'Sub-G1 peak of HL-60/ADR cells appeared 24 h after 20 μmol/L baicalin treatment, and the ratio increased as baicalin concentration increased. Cell cycle analysis showed 44.9% G0/G1 phase cells 24 h after baicalin treatment compared to 39.6% in the control group. Cells treated with 80 μmol/L baicalin displayed a trend in decreasing of Bcl-2 mRNA expression over time. Expression level of the Bcl-2 and PARP proteins decreased significantly while that of the PARP, Caspase-3, and Bad proteins gradually increased. No significant difference in Akt expression was observed between treated and the control groups. However, the expression levels of p-Akt, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, mTOR and p-mTOR decreased significantly in a time-dependent manner.

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