instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Protecting American Jobs Act''.

SEC. 2. AMENDMENTS TO THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT.

    (a) Duties of the General Counsel and Administrative Law Judges.--
The National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 151 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 3(d) (29 U.S.C. 153(d)), by striking 
        ``investigation of charges and issuance of complaints under 
        section 10, and in respect of the prosecution of such 
        complaints before the Board'' and inserting ``investigation of 
        allegations under section 10''; and
            (2) in section 4(a) (29 U.S.C. 154(a)), by striking the 
        fourth sentence.
    (b) Clarification of the Board's Rulemaking Authority.--Section 6 
of such Act (29 U.S.C. 156) is amended by adding at the end the 
following: ``Such rulemaking authority shall be limited to rules 
concerning the internal functions of the Board. The Board shall not 
promulgate rules or regulations that affect the substantive or 
procedural rights of any person, employer, employee, or labor 
organization, including rules and regulations concerning unfair labor 
practices and representation elections.''.
    (c) Investigatory Power and Adjudicatory Authority Over Unfair 
Labor Practice Allegations.--Section 10 of such Act (29 U.S.C. 160) is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``prevent any person from engaging 
                in'' and inserting ``investigate''; and
                    (B) by striking ``This power shall'' and all that 
                follows through the end of the subsection;
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) by striking ``Whenever it is charged'' and 
                inserting ``Whenever it is alleged'';
                    (B) by striking ``or is engaging in'' and inserting 
                ``, is engaging in, or is about to engage in'';
                    (C) by striking ``the Board, or any agent'' and all 
                that follows through ``Provided, That no complaint 
                shall issue'' and inserting ``the aggrieved person may 
                bring a civil action for such relief (including an 
                injunction) as may be appropriate. Any such civil 
                action may be brought in the district court of the 
                United States where the violation occurred, or, at the 
                option of the parties, in the United States District 
                Court for the District of Columbia. No civil action may 
                be brought'';
                    (D) by striking ``charge with the Board'' and all 
                that follows through ``prevented from filing such 
                charge'' and inserting ``civil action, unless the 
                person aggrieved thereby was prevented from filing such 
                civil action''; and
                    (E) by striking ``Any such complaint may be 
                amended'' and all that follows through ``Any such 
                proceeding shall, so far as practicable,'' and 
                inserting ``Any proceeding under this subsection 
                shall'';
            (3) by striking subsections (c) through (k);
            (4) by redesignating subsections (l) and (m) as subsections 
        (c) and (d), respectively;
            (5) in subsection (c) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking ``Whenever it is charged'' and 
                inserting ``Whenever it is alleged'';
                    (B) in the first sentence, by striking ``charge'' 
                and inserting ``allegation''; and
                    (C) by striking ``such charge is true and that a 
                complaint should issue, he shall'' and all that follows 
                through the end of the subsection and inserting ``such 
                allegation is true, the officer or regional attorney 
                shall, on behalf of the Board, submit a written summary 
                of the findings to all parties involved in the alleged 
                unfair labor practice.''; and
            (6) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated)--
                    (A) by striking ``Whenever it is charged'' and 
                inserting ``Whenever it is alleged'';
                    (B) by striking ``such charge'' and inserting 
                ``such allegation''; and
                    (C) by striking ``and cases given priority under 
                subsection (i)''.
    (d) Conforming Amendments.--The National Labor Relations Act (29 
U.S.C. 151 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 9 (29 U.S.C. 159)--
                    (A) in subsection (c)(2), by striking ``and in no 
                case shall the Board'' and all that follows through the 
                end of such subsection and inserting a period;
                    (B) by striking subsection (d); and
                    (C) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection 
                (d);
            (2) in section 3(b) (29 U.S.C. 153(b)), by striking ``or 
        (e) of section 9'' and inserting ``or (d) of section 9'';
            (3) in section 8 (29 U.S.C. 158), by striking ``9(e)'' each 
        place it appears and inserting ``9(d)''; and
            (4) in section 18 (29 U.S.C. 168), by striking ``section 10 
        (e) or (f)'' and inserting ``subsection (e) or (f) of section 
        10, as such subsections were in effect on the day before the 
        date of enactment of the Protecting American Jobs Act,''.

SEC. 3. REGULATIONS.

    Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the National Labor Relations Board shall review all regulations 
promulgated before such date of enactment and revise or rescind any 
such regulations as necessary to implement the amendment made by 
section 2(b).
answer:
Protecting American Jobs Act       This bill amends the National Labor Relations Act, with respect to the authority of the National Labor Relations Board, to:   repeal the authority of the General Counsel ofthe board, to issue, and prosecute before the board, complaints of unfair labor practices;  limit the board's rulemaking authority to rules concerning the internal functions of the board;  prohibit the board from promulgating regulations affecting the substantive or procedural rights of any person, employer, employee, or labor organization, including rules concerning unfair labor practices and representation elections;  repeal the board's authority to prevent persons from engaging in unfair labor practices, limiting such authority to the investigation of allegations of such practices; and  repeal the board's authority to petition courts for enforcement of its orders, seek injunctions, or hold hearings on jurisdictional strikes.  


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Independent Contractor Tax 
Simplification Act of 1995''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds that:
            (1) Simplifying the tax rules with respect to independent 
        contractors was the top vote-getter at the 1995 White House 
        Conference on Small Business. Conference delegates recommended 
        that Congress ``should recognize the legitimacy of an 
        independent contractor''. The Conference found that the current 
        common law is ``too subjective'' and called upon the Congress 
        to establish ``realistic and consistent guidelines''.
            (2) It is in the best interests of taxpayers and the 
        Federal Government to have fair and objective rules for 
        determining who is an employee and who is an independent 
        contractor.

SEC. 3. STANDARDS FOR DETERMINING WHETHER INDIVIDUALS ARE NOT 
              EMPLOYEES.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 25 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
(general provisions relating to employment taxes) is amended by adding 
after section 3510 the following new section:

``SEC. 3511. STANDARDS FOR DETERMINING WHETHER INDIVIDUALS ARE NOT 
              EMPLOYEES.

    ``(a) General Rule.--For purposes of this subtitle, and 
notwithstanding any provision of this subtitle to the contrary, if the 
requirements of subsections (b), (c), and (d) are met with respect to 
any service performed by any individual, then with respect to such 
service--
            ``(1) the service provider shall not be treated as an 
        employee,
            ``(2) the service recipient shall not be treated as an 
        employer, and
            ``(3) the payor shall not be treated as an employer.
    ``(b) Service Provider Requirements With Regard to Service 
Recipient.--For the purposes of subsection (a), the requirements of 
this subsection are met if the service provider, in connection with 
performing the service--
            ``(1) has a significant investment in assets and/or 
        training,
            ``(2) incurs significant unreimbursed expenses,
            ``(3) agrees to perform the service for a particular amount 
        of time or to complete a specific result and is liable for 
        damages for early termination without cause,
            ``(4) is paid primarily on a commissioned basis, or
            ``(5) purchases products for resale.
    ``(c) Additional Service Provider Requirements With Regard to 
Others.--For the purposes of subsection (a), the requirements of this 
subsection are met if--
            ``(1) the service provider--
                    ``(A) has a principal place of business,
                    ``(B) does not primarily provide the service in the 
                service recipient's place of business, or
                    ``(C) pays a fair market rent for use of the 
                service recipient's place of business; or
            ``(2) the service provider--
                    ``(A) is not required to perform service 
                exclusively for the service recipient, and
                    ``(B) in the year involved, or in the preceding or 
                subsequent year--
                            ``(i) has performed a significant amount of 
                        service for other persons,
                            ``(ii) has offered to perform service for 
                        other persons through--
                                    ``(I) advertising,
                                    ``(II) individual written or oral 
                                solicitations,
                                    ``(III) listing with registries, 
                                agencies, brokers, and other persons in 
                                the business of providing referrals to 
                                other service recipients, or
                                    ``(IV) other similar activities, or
                            ``(iii) provides service under a business 
                        name which is registered with (or for which a 
                        license has been obtained from) a State, a 
                        political subdivision of a State, or any agency 
                        or instrumentality of 1 or more States or 
                        political subdivisions.
    ``(d) Written Document Requirements.--For purposes of subsection 
(a), the requirements of this subsection are met if the services 
performed by the individual are performed pursuant to a written 
contract between such individual and the person for whom the services 
are performed, or the payor, and such contract provides that the 
individual will not be treated as an employee with respect to such 
services for purposes of this subtitle.
    ``(e) Special Rules.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) If for any taxable year any service recipient or 
        payor fails to meet the applicable reporting requirements of 
        sections 6041(a), 6041A(a), or 6051 with respect to a service 
        provider, then, unless such failure is due to reasonable cause 
        and not willful neglect, this section shall not apply in 
        determining whether such service provider shall not be treated 
        as an employee of such service recipient or payor for such 
        year.
            ``(2) If the service provider is performing services 
        through an entity owned in whole or in part by such service 
        provider, then the references to `service provider' in 
        subsections (b) through (d) may include such entity, provided 
        that the written contract referred to in paragraph (1) of 
        subsection (d) may be with either the service provider or such 
        entity and need not be with both.
    ``(f) Definitions.--For the purposes of this section--
            ``(1) Service provider.--The term `service provider' means 
        any individual who performs service for another person.
            ``(2) Service recipient.--Except as provided in paragraph 
        (5), the term `service recipient' means the person for whom the 
        service provider performs such service.
            ``(3) Payor.--Except as provided in paragraph (5), the term 
        `payor' means the person who pays the service provider for the 
        performance of such service in the event that the service 
        recipients do not pay the service provider.
            ``(4) In connection with performing the service.--The term 
        `in connection with performing the service' means in connection 
        or related to--
                    ``(A) the actual service performed by the service 
                provider for the service recipients or for other 
                persons for whom the service provider has performed 
                similar service, or
                    ``(B) the operation of the service provider's trade 
                or business.
            ``(5) Exceptions.--The terms `service recipient' and 
        `payor' do not include any entity which is owned in whole or in 
        part by the service provider.''
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 25 of 
such Code is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

                              ``Sec. 3511. Standards for determining 
                                        whether individuals are not 
                                        employees.''
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this Act shall apply to 
services performed after December 31, 1995.
answer:
Independent Contractor Tax Simplification Act of 1995 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to provide that, for purposes of determining the employment status of individuals as employees, a service provider shall not be treated as an employee, a service recipient shall not be treated as an employer, and a payor shall not be treated as an employer if:  (1) a service provider has a significant investment in assets and training, incurs significant unreimbursed expenses, agrees to perform the service for a specified amount of time or to complete a specific result and is responsible for damages for early termination without cause, receives payment primarily on a commission basis, or has purchased resale products; (2) the service provider has a principal place of business, does not primarily provide service in the service recipient's place of business, or pays a fair market rent for use of the recipient's place of business or does not have to perform service only for the service recipient and, in the current year or in the proceeding or subsequent years, has performed or has offered to perform a significant amount of service for other persons; and (3) the services by an individual are performed according to a written contract between the service recipient or payor which provides that the individual will not be treated as an employee.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Immigrants to New Americans Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) In 1997, there were an estimated 25,800,000 foreign-
        born individuals residing in the United States. That number is 
        the largest number of such foreign-born individuals in United 
        States history and represents a 6,000,000, or 30 percent, 
        increase over the 1990 census figure of 19,800,000 of such 
        foreign-born individuals. The Bureau of the Census estimates 
        that the recently arrived immigrant population (including the 
        refugee population) currently residing in the Nation will 
        account for 75 percent of the population growth in the United 
        States over the next 50 years.
            (2) For millions of immigrants settling into the Nation's 
        hamlets, towns, and cities, the dream of ``life, liberty, and 
        the pursuit of happiness'' has become a reality. The wave of 
        immigrants, of various nationalities, who have chosen the 
        United States as their home, has positively influenced the 
        Nation's image and relationship with other nations. The diverse 
        cultural heritage of the Nation's immigrants has helped define 
        the Nation's culture, customs, economy, and communities. By 
        better understanding the people who have immigrated to the 
        Nation, individuals in the United States better understand what 
        it means to be an American.
            (3) There is a critical shortage of teachers with the 
        skills needed to educate immigrant students and their families 
        in nonconcentrated, nontraditional, immigrant communities as 
        well as communities with large immigrant populations. The large 
        influx of immigrant families over the last decade presents a 
        national dilemma: The number of such families with school-age 
        children requiring assistance to successfully participate in 
        elementary schools, secondary schools, and communities in the 
        United States, is increasing without a corresponding increase 
        in the number of teachers with skills to accommodate their 
        needs.
            (4) Immigrants arriving in communities across the Nation 
        generally settle into high-poverty areas, where funding for 
        programs to provide immigrant students and their families with 
        the services the students and families need to successfully 
        participate in elementary schools, secondary schools, and 
        communities in the United States is inadequate.
            (5) The influx of immigrant families settling into many 
        United States communities is often the result of concerted 
        efforts by local employers who value immigrant labor. Those 
        employers realize that helping immigrants to become productive, 
        prosperous members of a community is beneficial for the local 
        businesses involved, the immigrants, and the community. 
        Further, local businesses benefit from the presence of the 
        immigrant families because the families present businesses with 
        a committed and effective workforce and help open up new market 
        opportunities. However, many of the communities into which the 
        immigrants have settled need assistance in order to give 
        immigrant students and their families the services the students 
        and families need to successfully participate in elementary 
        schools, secondary schools, and communities in the United 
        States.

SEC. 3. PURPOSE.

    The purpose of this Act is to establish a grant program, within the 
Department of Education, that provides funding to partnerships of local 
educational agencies and community-based organizations for the 
development of model programs to provide immigrant students and their 
families with the services the students and families need to 
successfully participate in elementary schools, secondary schools, and 
communities in the United States.

SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.

            (1) Immigrant.--In this Act, the term ``immigrant'' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 101 of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).
            (2) Other terms.--Other terms used in this Act have the 
        meanings given the terms in section 14101 of the Elementary and 
        Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 8801).

SEC. 5. PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Education may award not more than 
10 grants in a fiscal year to eligible partnerships for the design and 
implementation of model programs to--
            (1) assist immigrant students achieve in elementary schools 
        and secondary schools in the United States by offering such 
        educational services as English as a second language classes, 
        literacy programs, programs for introduction to the education 
        system, and civics education; and
            (2) assist parents of immigrant students by offering such 
        services as parent education and literacy development services 
        and by coordinating activities with other entities to provide 
        comprehensive community social services such as health care, 
        job training, child care, and transportation services.
    (b) Eligible Partnerships.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
this Act, a partnership--
            (1) shall include--
                    (A) at least 1 local educational agency; and
                    (B) at least 1 community-based organization; and
            (2) may include another entity such as--
                    (A) an institution of higher education;
                    (B) a local or State government agency;
                    (C) a private sector entity; or
                    (D) another entity with expertise in working with 
                immigrants.
    (c) Duration.--Each grant awarded under this Act shall be awarded 
for a period of not more than 5 years. A partnership may use funds made 
available through the grant for not more than 1 year for planning and 
program design.

SEC. 6. APPLICATIONS FOR GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--Each eligible partnership desiring a grant under 
this Act shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time and 
in such manner as the Secretary may require.
    (b) Required Documentation.--Each application submitted by a 
partnership under this section for a proposed program shall include 
documentation that--
            (1) the partnership has the qualified personnel required to 
        develop, administer, and implement the proposed program; and
            (2) the leadership of each participating school has been 
        involved in the development and planning of the program in the 
        school.
    (c) Other Application Contents.--Each application submitted by a 
partnership under this section for a proposed program shall include--
            (1) a list of the organizations entering into the 
        partnership;
            (2) a description of the need for the proposed program, 
        including data on the number of immigrant students, and the 
        number of such students with limited English proficiency in the 
        schools or school districts to be served through the program 
        and the characteristics of the students described in this 
        paragraph, including--
                    (A) the native languages of the students to be 
                served;
                    (B) the proficiency of the students in English and 
                the students' native languages;
                    (C) achievement data for the students in--
                            (i) reading or language arts (in English 
                        and in the students' native languages, if 
                        applicable); and
                            (ii) mathematics; and
                    (D) the previous schooling experiences of the 
                students;
            (3) a description of the goals of the program;
            (4) a description of how the funds made available through 
        the grant will be used to supplement the basic services 
        provided to the immigrant students to be served;
            (5) a description of activities that will be pursued by the 
        partnership through the program, including a description of--
                    (A) how parents, students, and other members of the 
                community, including members of private organizations 
                and nonprofit organizations, will be involved in the 
                design and implementation of the program;
                    (B) how the activities will further the academic 
                achievement of immigrant students served through the 
                program;
                    (C) methods of teacher training and parent 
                education that will be used or developed through the 
                program, including the dissemination of information to 
                immigrant parents, that is easily understandable in the 
                language of the parents, about educational programs and 
                the rights of the parents to participate in educational 
                decisions involving their children; and
                    (D) methods of coordinating comprehensive community 
                social services to assist immigrant families;
            (6) a description of how the partnership will evaluate the 
        progress of the partnership in achieving the goals of the 
        program;
            (7) a description of how the local educational agency will 
        disseminate information on model programs, materials, and other 
        information developed under this Act that the local educational 
        agency determines to be appropriate for use by other local 
        educational agencies in establishing similar programs to 
        facilitate the educational achievement of immigrant students;
            (8) an assurance that the partnership will annually provide 
        to the Secretary such information as may be required to 
        determine the effectiveness of the program; and
            (9) any other information that the Secretary may require.

SEC. 7. SELECTION OF GRANTEES.

    (a) Criteria.--The Secretary, through a peer review process, shall 
select partnerships to receive grants under this Act on the basis of 
the quality of the programs proposed in the applications submitted 
under section 6, taking into consideration such factors as--
            (1) the extent to which the program proposed in such an 
        application effectively addresses differences in language, 
        culture, and customs;
            (2) the quality of the activities proposed by a 
        partnership;
            (3) the extent of parental, student, and community 
        involvement;
            (4) the extent to which the partnership will ensure the 
        coordination of comprehensive community social services with 
        the program;
            (5) the quality of the plan for measuring and assessing 
        success; and
            (6) the likelihood that the goals of the program will be 
        achieved.
    (b) Geographic Distribution of Programs.--The Secretary shall 
approve applications under this Act in a manner that ensures, to the 
extent practicable, that programs assisted under this Act serve 
different areas of the Nation, including urban, suburban, and rural 
areas, with special attention to areas that are experiencing an influx 
of immigrant groups (including refugee groups), and that have limited 
prior experience in serving the immigrant community.

SEC. 8. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT.

    (a) Requirement.--Each partnership receiving a grant under this Act 
shall--
            (1) conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the program 
        assisted under this Act, including an evaluation of the impact 
        of the program on students, teachers, administrators, parents, 
        and others; and
            (2) prepare and submit to the Secretary a report containing 
        the results of the evaluation.
    (b) Evaluation Report Components.--Each evaluation report submitted 
under this section for a program shall include--
            (1) data on the partnership's progress in achieving the 
        goals of the program;
            (2) data showing the extent to which all students served by 
        the program are meeting the State's student performance 
        standards, including--
                    (A) data comparing the students served under this 
                Act with other students, with regard to grade retention 
                and academic achievement in reading and language arts, 
                in English and in the native languages of the students 
                if the program develops native language proficiency, 
                and in mathematics; and
                    (B) a description of how the activities carried out 
                through the program are coordinated and integrated with 
                the overall school program of the school in which the 
                program described in this Act is carried out, and with 
                other Federal, State, or local programs serving limited 
                English proficient students;
            (3) data showing the extent to which families served by the 
        program have been afforded access to comprehensive community 
        social services; and
            (4) such other information as the Secretary may require.

SEC. 9. ADMINISTRATIVE FUNDS.

    A partnership that receives a grant under this Act may use not more 
than 5 percent of the grant funds received under this Act for 
administrative purposes.

SEC. 10. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act 
$10,000,000 for fiscal year 2002 and such sums as may be necessary for 
each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years.
answer:

Immigrants to New Americans Act - Authorizes the Secretary of Education to award up to ten grants per fiscal year to local education agency and community organization based partnerships to implement model educational programs to assist immigrant students and their parents.