instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Although it has been postulated that liver injury results in impaired clearance of bacteria from the blood, no prior study has evaluated hepatic bacterial clearance during sepsis.', 'We hypothesized that liver injury during the evolution of sepsis would result in impaired hepatic bacterial clearance.', 'Mild and severe bacteremia were generated in C57BL/6 mice by low- and high-dose intratracheal inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.', 'The mortality rates with mild and severe bacteremia were 20% and 60%, respectively. Hepatic bacterial clearance was preserved throughout the evolution of mild bacteremia but was lost late with severe bacteremia. The loss of hepatic bacterial clearance resulted in increased systemic bacteremia and mortality. Pretreatment with a caspase inhibitor resulted in preservation of hepatic bacterial clearance with severe bacteremia and eventual control of the bacteremia. When Kupffer cells were ablated before the onset of bacteremia, there was a loss of hepatic bacterial clearance. This converted an initially mild bacteremia into severe bacteremia with increased organ injury and mortality.
answer:
Does severe bacteremia result in a loss of hepatic bacterial clearance?


question:
Induced sputum analyses are widely utilized to evaluate airway inflammation in asthmatics. However, the values have not been examined in Korean adults.', 'The purpose of this study is to determine reference ranges for induced sputum eosinophils and their influencing factors in Korean adults.', 'A total of 208 healthy nonasthmatic adults were recruited. Sputum induction and processing followed the international standard protocols.', 'Adequate sputum samples were successfully collected from 81 subjects (38.9%). The upper 90 percentile for sputum eosinophil was calculated as 3.5%. The median value of eosinophil count percentage was significantly higher in subjects with atopy than those without atopy (median, 1.6%; range, 0-11.0% vs. median, 0%; range 0-3.6%, p=0.030). However, no significant correlations were found with age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, blood eosinophil, or fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels.
answer:
Does reference range for induced sputum eosinophil counts in Korean adult population?


question:
We examined hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and nuclear factor-kappaB in acquired cystic disease of the kidney associated with renal cell carcinoma to elucidate the roles of these factors in cyst formation and subsequent tumor transformation.', 'Immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB (active form) were examined in 20 normal kidney samples obtained from nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma and 25 kidneys with acquired cystic disease associated renal cell carcinoma from 23 patients on dialysis.', 'Only faint or weak immunostaining for hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB was observed in normal kidney tissues. In nontumor areas of the kidneys with acquired cystic disease expressions of these 3 proteins was up-regulated in tubular and cyst epithelial cells. Acquired cysts were classified into 3 types according to cyst epithelium morphology, namely flat, cuboidal and hyperplastic. Hyperplastic cysts were the predominant cysts expressing hypoxia-inducible protein 2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. Although up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB was observed in renal cell carcinoma, positive hypoxia-inducible protein 2 immunostaining was detected predominantly in papillary renal cell carcinoma, while positive hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB immunostaining was prominent in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
answer:

Is over expression of hypoxia-inducible protein 2 , hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and nuclear factor kappaB putatively involved in acquired renal cyst formation and subsequent tumor transformation in patients with end stage renal failure?