Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: Observational studies suggest that dietary isoflavones reduce breast cancer risk, and this may be caused in part by effects on endogenous hormone concentrations. Because intestinal bacteria metabolize isoflavones, it was hypothesized that consumption of probiotic bacteria would enhance the biologic effects of isoflavones, including effects on endogenous hormones.', 'Twenty (20) postmenopausal breast cancer survivors and 20 healthy postmenopausal women completed four 42-day diet periods in a randomized, crossover design. They received one of the following: isolated soy protein; isolated milk protein; soy + probiotic capsules; or milk + probiotic capsules. Each protein supplement provided 0.38 g protein/(kg body weight/day) (26.6 +/- 4.5 g protein/day) and soy protein provided 0.64 mg isoflavones/(kg body weight/day) (44.4 +/- 7.5 mg isoflavones/day). Probiotic capsules provided 10(9) colony-forming units Lactobacillus acidophilus (strain DDS-1), Bifidobacterium longum, and 15-20 mg fructo-oligosaccharide.', 'Plasma samples were collected at baseline and after each diet for analysis of estrogens, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), androgens, and sex hormone?binding globulin (SHBG).', 'Hormone levels were not affected by soy, probiotic supplements, or equol producer status, and neither cancer status nor equol producer status altered the effects of soy or probiotics. Furthermore probiotics did not alter the effects of soy consumption. Soy protein tended to decrease SHBG compared to milk protein diets (p = 0.05), although both proteins significantly decreased SHBG relative to baseline (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.03).

Answer: 0


Question: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex systemic thrombohemorrhagic disorder involving intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage. The aim of this study is to test whether static magnetic field (SMF) is effective in attenuating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DIC.', 'In vivo experiments were performed in this study using male BALB/cByJ mice. An intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg LPS was shown to lead to approximately 50% mortality and this dose was used in subsequent experiments. To test the effects of SMF on the survival rate of LPS-induced animals, the mice were exposed to 0.25-T SMF for 2 h before LPS injection. In addition, the effect of a 2-h SMF treatment on the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated.', 'In the first set of experiments, we found that the survival rate was higher in the SMF-exposed group than in the sham-exposed group. The circulating platelet (PLT) counts in the SMF-exposed mice were significantly higher than in the unexposed animals. However, no significant changes in inflammatory cytokine, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), in plasma were found after SMF treatment. The results from the second experiment showed that the plasma levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were higher in the SMF-exposed group than in the sham group.

Answer: 1


Question: After head injury, impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation has been associated with abnormally high or low cerebral blood flow. The physiological relevance of cerebral blood flow levels is difficult to assess in these patients, whose cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO(2)) is known to be abnormal. Investigation of these relations requires quantitative measures of cerebral blood flow and CMRO(2), to allow assessment of oxygen supply and demand relations.', 'To investigate the relation between dysautoregulation and global cerebral oxygen metabolism following head injury.', 'Using positron emission tomography, global cerebral blood flow, CMRO(2), and oxygen extraction fraction were determined in 22 patients who were investigated in 26 examinations on days 1 to 11 (mean (SD), 3.5 (2.3)) after head injury. Cerebrovascular pressure reactivity was assessed using a pressure reactivity index, calculated as the moving linear correlation coefficient between mean arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure. Outcome was assessed six months after injury using the Glasgow outcome scale.', 'Low CMRO(2) was associated with disturbed pressure reactivity (inverse function, R(2) = 0.21, p = 0.018) and there was a correlation between disturbed pressure reactivity and oxygen extraction fraction (quadratic function, R(2) = 0.55, p = 0.0001). There was no significant relation between pressure reactivity and cerebral blood flow. An unfavourable outcome was associated with disturbed pressure reactivity. There was no significant relation between outcome and CMRO(2) or oxygen extraction fraction.

Answer:
1