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Input: Consider Input: CLOSE White House Spokesman  Sean Spicer  doubled down on  his  claim that President Trump's inauguration was the most watched in history.  He  also said  his  intention is to "always tell the truth " but said there may be disagreement over the facts. (Jan. 23) AP
White House counselor Kellyanne Conway claimed that âalternative factsâ were employed by  Press Secretary Sean Spicer  when he tried to make the case that âthis was the largest audience to ever witness an inauguration  period  both in person and around the globe.â Actually   Spicer  got several facts wrong.
 Spicer  then read a prepared statement later that day  further criticizing the media for âdishonesty.â
 Spicer   Jan. 21: "Secondly  photographs of the inaugural proceedings were intentionally framed in a way  in one particular tweet  to minimize the enormous support that had gathered on the National Mall. â¦ We know that from the platform where the president was sworn in  to 4th Street  it holds about 250 000 people. From 4th Street to the media tent is about another 220 000. And from the media tent to the Washington Monument  another 250 000 people. All of this space was full when the president took the oath of office. We know that 420 000 people used the D.C. Metro public transit yesterday  which actually compares to 317 000 that used it for President Obamaâs last inaugural. This was the largest audience to ever witness an inauguration â period â both in person and around the globe."
At a Jan. 23 press conference   Spicer  made an alternative argument  saying the number of people watching the inauguration on TV  online and in person had to be the largest ever.
âI have a right to say if you add up the network streaming numbers  Facebook  YouTube  all of the various live streaming that we have information on so far  I donât think thereâs any question it was the largest watched inauguration  ever â  Spicer  said.
On that point   Spicer  may be correct. While Nielsen TV ratings were higher in past years  some data suggests online viewership was up compared with 2009. But there is no comprehensive measurement available that would prove or disprove this claim.
On NBCâs Meet the Press  host Chuck Todd asked White House counselor Kellyanne Conway  â[W]hy the president asked the White House press secretary to come out in front of the podium for the first time and utter a falsehood?â Conway responded: âDonât be so overly dramatic about it  Chuck. What â Youâre saying itâs a falsehood. And theyâre giving Sean Spicer  our press secretary  gave alternative facts to that.â
PBSâ âNewsHourâ also posted a timelapse video of the crowd throughout Inauguration Day  which shows it didnât quite stretch back to the Washington Monument  as Trump and  Spicer  said. And as our fact-checking colleagues at The Washington Postpointed out  other journalists had more photographic evidence on Twitter.
Metro ridership. At the press conference   Spicer  also gave inaccurate numbers for those taking the Washington  D.C.  Metro system for Trumpâs inauguration compared with Obamaâs.
But thatâs not what Metro said  and  Spicer  acknowledged that during  his  Jan. 23 press conference.
 Spicer âs 317 000 figure was the number Metro gave for riders as of 11 a.m. on Inauguration Day 2013. The comparable number  for 11 a.m.  for Trumpâs inauguration was 193 000.
Crowd-size experts.  Spicer  was right about one thing: It appears  as  he  said  that no one has scientifically calculated estimates of the crowd size for Trumpâs inauguration. Congress has prohibited the National Park Service from making official estimates after it produced an official estimate that 460 000 turned out for the so-called âMillion Man Marchâ in 1995  prompting organizers to threaten a lawsuit.
 Spicer  argued that floor coverings over the grass on the National Mall âhighlight[ed] where people were not standing  while in years past the grass eliminated this visual.â
âI donât know how  [Spicer]  kept a straight face when he said that â Doig said.
TV and online viewership. But at the Jan. 23 press conference   Spicer  emphasized the combined audience â in person  watching on TV and watching online â was the highest in history. Asked if he was now saying that it was the largest in-person crowd for an inauguration   Spicer  said  âI am not. I am saying that it was the total largest audience witnessed in person and around the globe.â

Output: Fact check: The controversy over Trump's inauguration crowd size


Input: Consider Input: Former President George W. Bush will be honored at West Point next week , according to a press release from the military academy . 
Bush will be presented the award at a dinner ceremony Thursday , Oct. 19 , hosted by the U.S. Military Academy 's Association of Graduates following a parade open to the public . 
Bush , 71 , will be presented the Thayer Award , which recognizes individuals whose service for the country reflects West Point 's motto of "Duty , Honor , Country ."

Output: George W. Bush to be honored at West Point . 


Input: Consider Input: * * * France isn’t the first killjoy to quit the smartphone party. In 2015  the Canadian artist Garnet Hertz invented a cheeky device called “Phonesafe ” a masochistic lockbox designed to incarcerate smartphones for a set period of time. Hertz meant Phonesafe as a provocation  but the same idea quickly became a product. Today  you can buy similar  but mass-produced  containers on Amazon  and multi-phone lockers have become a mainstay in corporate offices and schools around the world. A McDonald’s in Singapore has even installed a locker designed to promote “family togetherness” and face-to-face conversation. If you attend a Guns n’ Roses concert or a comedy performance by Dave Chappelle  ushers will require you to lock your device in a neoprene pouch and take it into the show in that state.  The phone-locking pouch  made by a San Francisco company called Yondr   has a wide opening at the short end for inserting a smartphone. A magnetic locking mechanism  similar to those on anti-theft tags in retail stores  engages to hold it closed. After the show  this clasp is swiped across a counter-magnet  which releases the lock.  Yondr  is a surefire way to cut down on bootleg YouTube videos. In Wired  Alice Gregory recently took a tough look at the device. Gregory recounts her experience at a Chris Rock performance  where audience members waiting in the lobby had to forgo smartphone usage. The affair reduced them to “a roomful of jonesing fiends ” as she puts it. Ultimately  Gregory connects  Yondr  to a thorny question about civil liberties: the right of the people to keep and bear smartphones.
It’s an ironic conclusion  because  Yondr  is sold as a tool to provide freedom  rather than to take it away. To “Be Here Now ” as the company’s tagline puts it. It’s a promise to deliver presence—a tricky calling  to say the least. Presence has a long history in religion and philosophy  from Buddhist practices to the metaphysics of the 20th-century philosopher Martin Heidegger. Today  presence is most common in the various mindfulness trends that have overtaken individual and corporate life  in Silicon Valley in particular—collectively the critic R. John Williams has called them “technê-zen.” Cutting through the history and the rhetoric  it’s productive to think about presence in terms of attention. You’re present where you focus your attention—and you only have so much attention to pay. In the case of Chris Rock  he wants attention directed toward him  live on stage. Rock’s show might involve awkward improvisation or new material that he doesn't want circulated online. Teachers are less concerned about copyright than comedians are  but they still demand attention. I have tested Yondr’s effects on mind-wandering in classroom experiments with Dan Smilek of the University of Waterloo Vision and Attention Lab. Our research is based in part on the assumption that instructors want students to focus on the course materials  and not on Instagram  Facebook  or other distractions.  Yondr  can be a remarkably effective tool for enforcing digital abstinence in these contexts  thanks primarily to  its  portability. Rather than locking away devices inside lockers  or even inside a disused Catholic tabernacle  as I have done in a performance piece   Yondr  buffers the anxiety of being isolated from your device.
Given that the mere presence of one’s smartphone can reduce cognitive capacity   Yondr  offers a way to surf between the waves of a device’s presence and absence. You can hold it  but you can’t use it. This might be an especially important balance in classroom situations  where students see a teacher’s “phone shoebox” as an unwelcome imposition of authority. * * * Needless to say   Yondr  is still an imposition. And controlling attention requires more than just locking a device in a binge-breaking neoprene pouch. Joelle Renstrom has reported the results of her own  Yondr  experiment in a class at Boston University  where she had her 30 students lock away their devices over the course of a semester. At first  37 percent of the students found the policy annoying  but by the end of the term that figure had dropped to 14 percent. Those are promising  if tentative  results  but Renstrom’s anecdotal comments about the experiment may be more instructive than the data she collected. Renstrom describes her students’ initial experience of Yondr as “akin to caging a pet  a clear denial of freedom.” Moreover  she observes that some students left their cases unlocked as a sign of rebellion  even though they didn’t remove the phones from them. Rather than becoming “active resistors to technology ” as the scholars Christine Satchell and Paul Dourish call people who choose to ignore their devices   Yondr  users are ultimately the victims of technological disenfranchisement. When implemented as a mandatory smartphone prophylactic   Yondr  becomes a means of control  not of choice  let alone of presence.
Such top-down tactics might be enforced easily at live performances  as one of my research assistants observed firsthand at a Chris Rock show in Niagara Falls. However  as a daily ritual for high-school students  all-or-nothing digital abstinence enforced by an authority figure seems destined to backfire  possibly leading to rejection—or even worse  a legal complaint. In an attempt to tackle this disciplinary problem  I have been offering workshops to schoolteachers that riff on and revise the design Yondr originated. In the workshops  I provide a kit that allows students to make their own digital abstinence case  but with an obnoxiously loud Velcro enclosure rather than a silent  magnetic clasp. This semipermeable design—the Resistor Case  I call it—is intended to promote self-regulation  not authoritarian control. The Velcro acts as a gateway to conscience: It provides just enough resistance and noise to make its owner think twice before opening it. Michael I. Norton  Daniel Mochon  and Dan Ariely coined the “IKEA effect” to name the increase in value people assign to self-made products. With the Resistor Case  I’m counting on a similar effect  that students who fist construct and then choose to make use of their DIY phone lockers might be more compelled to use them. Of course  the kit will only work if the teacher provides a context for it that includes a discussion of responsible smartphone use. (The kit provides a series of cards to prompt this conversation.)


Output: The Case for Locking Up Your Smartphone