In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).
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Question: Context: A voice type is a particular human singing voice identified as having certain qualities or characteristics of vocal range, vocal weight, tessitura, vocal timbre, and vocal transition points ("passaggio"), such as breaks and lifts within the voice. Other considerations are physical characteristics, speech level, scientific testing, and vocal register. A singer's voice type is identified by a process known as voice classification, by which the human voice is evaluated and thereby designated into a particular voice type. The discipline of voice classification developed within European classical music and is not generally applicable to other forms of singing. Voice classification is often used within opera to associate possible roles with potential voices. Several different voice classification systems are available to identify voice types, including the German "Fach" system and the choral music system among many others; no system is universally applied or accepted., Maria Malibran ( 24 March 1808 -- 23 September 1836 ) was a Spanish mezzo - soprano who commonly sang both contralto and soprano parts , and was one of the most famous opera singers of the 19th century . Malibran was known for her stormy personality and dramatic intensity , becoming a legendary figure after her death at age 28 . Contemporary accounts of her voice describe its range , power and flexibility as extraordinary ., A soprano is a type of classical female singing voice and has the highest vocal range of all voice types. The soprano's vocal range (using scientific pitch notation) is from approximately middle C (C) = 261 Hz to "high A" (A) =880 Hz in choral music, or to "soprano C" (C, two octaves above middle C) =1046 Hz or higher in operatic music. In four-part chorale style harmony, the soprano takes the highest part, which usually encompasses the melody. 
The soprano voice type is generally divided into the coloratura, soubrette, lyric, spinto, and dramatic soprano. The lyric soprano is the most common female singing voice., Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist. Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.) that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists. Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument (as in art song or some jazz styles) up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Different singing styles include art music such as opera and Chinese opera, religious music styles such as gospel, traditional music styles, world music, jazz, blues and popular music styles such as pop and rock., A contralto is a type of classical female singing voice whose vocal range is the lowest female voice type.
The contralto's vocal range is fairly rare; similar to, but different from the alto, and almost identical to that of a countertenor, typically between the F below middle C (F in scientific pitch notation) to the second F above middle C (F), although at the extremes some voices can reach the E below middle C (E) or the second B above middle C (B). The contralto voice type is generally divided into the coloratura, lyric, and dramatic contralto., Subject: maria malibran, Relation: movement, Options: (A) classical music (B) pop

Answer: classical music


Question: Context: Rhythm of the Pride Lands is an audio CD released on February 28, 1995 by Walt Disney Records, a "sequel" to the original motion picture soundtrack of the animated film "The Lion King". The CD was originally an independent project developed by Jay Rifkin and Lebo M and included songs and performances inspired by, but not featured in the film. As the project developed Disney came on board and supported the project. Most of the tracks were composed by African composer Lebo M and producer Jay Rifkin and focused primarily on the African influences of the film's original music, with most songs being sung either partially or entirely in various African languages. Several songs featured in the album would later have incarnations in other "The Lion King"-oriented projects, inspiring Julie Taymor's stage musical or the direct-to-video sequels, such as "He Lives in You". As of April 1997, the album had sold more than 900,000 copies and by October 1998 was certified platinum., Roger Allers (born 1949) is an American film director, screenwriter, storyboard artist, animator and playwright. He is most well known for co-directing the highest-grossing 2D animated film of all time, Walt Disney Animation Studios' "The Lion King", and for writing the Broadway adaptation, "The Lion King"., Rowan Sebastian Atkinson, CBE (born 6 January 1955) is an English actor, comedian, and screenwriter best known for his work on the sitcoms "Blackadder" and "Mr. Bean". Atkinson first came to prominence in the BBC's sketch comedy show "Not the Nine O'Clock News" (197982), receiving the 1981 BAFTA for Best Entertainment Performance, and via his participation in The Secret Policeman's Ball from 1979. His other work includes the 1983 James Bond film "Never Say Never Again", playing a bumbling vicar in "Four Weddings and a Funeral" (1994), voicing the red-billed hornbill Zazu in "The Lion King" (1994), and featuring in the BBC sitcom "The Thin Blue Line" (19951996). His work in theatre includes the 2009 West End revival of the musical "Oliver!"., Ronald Bass (born March 26, 1942), sometimes credited as Ron Bass, is an American screenwriter. Also a film producer, Bass's work is characterized as being highly in demand, and he is thought to be among the most highly paid writers in Hollywood. He is often called the "King of the Pitches". In 1988, he received the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for "Rain Man", and films that Bass is associated with are regularly nominated for multiple motion picture awards., Dustin Lee Hoffman (born August 8, 1937) is an American actor and a director, with a career in film, television, and theatre since 1960., The Lion King is a 1994 American animated epic musical film, produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 32nd Disney animated feature film. The story takes place in a kingdom of lions in Africa and was influenced by William Shakespeare's "Hamlet". The film was produced during a period known as the Disney Renaissance. "The Lion King" was directed by Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff, produced by Don Hahn, and has a screenplay credited to Irene Mecchi, Jonathan Roberts, and Linda Woolverton. Its original songs were written by composer Elton John and lyricist Tim Rice, and original scores were written by Hans Zimmer. The film features an ensemble voice cast that includes Matthew Broderick, James Earl Jones, Jeremy Irons, Jonathan Taylor Thomas, Moira Kelly, Nathan Lane, Ernie Sabella, Rowan Atkinson, Robert Guillaume, Madge Sinclair, Whoopi Goldberg, Cheech Marin, and Jim Cummings., Donald Paul Hahn (born November 25, 1955) is an American film producer who is credited with producing some of the most successful animated films in recent history including "The Lion King" and "Beauty and the Beast", the first animated film to be nominated for the Oscar for Best Picture. He currently is Executive Producer of the Disneynature films, and owns his own film production company, Stone Circle Pictures., Robert Guillaume (born Robert Peter Williams; November 30, 1927) is an American stage and television actor, known for his role as Benson on the TV-series "Soap" and the spin-off "Benson", voicing the mandrill Rafiki in "The Lion King" and as Isaac Jaffe on "Sports Night". In a career that has spanned more than 50 years he has worked extensively on stage (including a Tony Award nomination), television (including winning two Emmy Awards), and film., Jonathan Taylor Thomas (born Jonathan Taylor Weiss; September 8, 1981) is an American actor, voice actor, former child star, and teen idol. He is known for his roles as the middle child Randy Taylor on "Home Improvement", and as the voice of the young Simba in Disney's 1994 film "The Lion King"., Moira Kelly (born March 6, 1968) is an American actress. She is best known for the role of Donna Hayward in "", replacing Lara Flynn Boyle in this prequel to the 1990 TV Series "Twin Peaks". She is also known for portraying Kate Moseley in the 1992 film "The Cutting Edge", as well as single mother Karen Roe on the teen drama "One Tree Hill", Dorothy Day in "", White House media consultant Mandy Hampton in the first season of "The West Wing", and the voice of Simba's love interest Nala in "The Lion King" and its sequel "". She also played Hetty Kelly and Oona O'Neill in "Chaplin" (1992)., Sir Elton Hercules John, (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is an English singer, pianist, and composer. He has worked with lyricist Bernie Taupin as his songwriting partner since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums to date. In his five-decade career Elton John has sold more than 300million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world. He has more than fifty Top 40 hits, including seven consecutive No. 1 US albums, 58 "Billboard" Top 40 singles, 27 Top 10, four No. 2 and nine No. 1. For 31 consecutive years (19702000) he had at least one song in the "Billboard" Hot 100. His tribute single, re-penned in dedication to the late Princess Diana, "Candle in the Wind 1997" sold over 33million copies worldwide and is the best-selling single in the history of the UK and US singles charts. He has also composed music, produced records, and has occasionally acted in films. John owned Watford Football Club from 1976 to 1987, and 1997 to 2002. He is an honorary Life President of the club, and in 2014 had a stand named after him at the club's home stadium., Hans Florian Zimmer (born 12 September 1957) is a German composer and record producer. Since the 1980s, he has composed music for over 150 films. His works include "The Lion King", for which he won Academy Award for Best Original Score in 1994, the "Pirates of the Caribbean" series, "The Thin Red Line", "Gladiator", "The Last Samurai", "The Dark Knight Trilogy", "Inception", and "Interstellar"., Madge Dorita Walters-Sinclair (April 28, 1938  December 20, 1995) was a Jamaican American actress, best known for her roles in "Cornbread, Earl and Me", "Coming to America", "Trapper John, M.D.", and the ABC TV miniseries "Roots". She also voiced the character of Sarabi, Mufasa's mate and Simba's mother, in the animated feature film "The Lion King". Sinclair won the 1991 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Drama Series for her role as Empress Josephine in "Gabriel's Fire"., Matthew Broderick (born March 21, 1962) is an American actor and singer. His roles include the title character in "Ferris Bueller's Day Off" (1986) for which he earned a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor  Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, the adult voice of Simba in Disney's "The Lion King" trilogy (19942004), David Lightman in the Cold War thriller "WarGames", and Leo Bloom in the Broadway production of "The Producers"., The 62nd Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best films of 1989 and took place on March 26, 1990, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 23 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis. Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the first time. Three weeks earlier in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California on March 3, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Richard Dysart and Diane Ladd., Valeria Golino (born 22 October 1965) is an Italian actress and director. She is best known to English-language audiences for her roles in "Rain Man", "Big Top Pee-wee" and the "Hot Shots!" films. In addition to David di Donatello, Silver Ribbon, Golden Ciak and Italian Golden Globe awards, she is also one of the three actresses who has won the Best Actress award at the Venice Film Festival twice., Jay Rifkin is a music and film producer . Rifkin co-founded the company Media Ventures with Hans Zimmer , a childhood friend . As CEO of the company from 1988 , Rifkin partnered with Zimmer to produce and to compose . Media Ventures is a diverse entertainment group that includes music , new media , film and television . The partnership earned them numerous awards and nominations , including Academy Award nominations , for the film scores of Driving Miss Daisy , Rain Man and The Lion King . After the success of The Lion King , Rifkin conceived and produced the platinum - selling follow - up album Rhythm of the Pride Lands . Rifkin was also chairman of Media Revolution , an award - winning new media company , which he founded in 1977 . Media Revolution was part of Cyberia Holdings , which Rifkin was also CEO of , and Hans Zimmer the vice-president . He was also a founder of the film production company Media Ventures Pictures and a producer of the comedy Waiting ... . Rifkin was the managing partner of Media Ventures through his company Mojo Music , which he founded in 1995 . In 1995 , he started Mojo Records , which became a joint venture with Universal Records in 1996 , and after producing multiple gold and platinum records , Mojo Records was subsequently sold to Zomba / BMG in 2001 . From 2005 , Rifkin was chairman and CEO of China Youth Media Inc. , a youth marketing and media company focused on China . He resigned the position on June 21 , 2011 , when the company merged with Midwest Energy Emissions Corp. , for which Rifkin served as a Director , until 11/09/2015 . http://www.otcmarkets.com/edgar/GetFilingHtml?FilingID=11011239, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet, is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare at an uncertain date between 1599 and 1602. Set in the Kingdom of Denmark, the play dramatises the revenge Prince Hamlet is called to wreak upon his uncle, Claudius, by the ghost of Hamlet's father, King Hamlet. Claudius had murdered his own brother and seized the throne, also marrying his deceased brother's widow. "Hamlet" is Shakespeare's longest play, and is ranked among the most powerful and influential tragedies in English literature, with a story capable of "seemingly endless retelling and adaptation by others". The play likely was one of Shakespeare's most popular works during his lifetime, and still ranks among his most performed, topping the performance list of the Royal Shakespeare Company and its predecessors in Stratford-upon-Avon since 1879. It has inspired many other writers  from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Charles Dickens to James Joyce and Iris Murdoch  and has been described as "the world's most filmed story after "Cinderella"".
The story of Shakespeare's "Hamlet" was derived from the legend of Amleth, preserved by 13th-century chronicler Saxo Grammaticus in his "Gesta Danorum", as subsequently retold by 16th-century scholar François de Belleforest. Shakespeare may also have drawn on an earlier (hypothetical) Elizabethan play known today as the "Ur-Hamlet", though some scholars believe he himself wrote the "Ur-Hamlet", later revising it to create the version of "Hamlet" we now have. He almost certainly wrote his version of the title role for his fellow actor, Richard Burbage, the leading tragedian of Shakespeare's time. In the 400 years since its inception, the role has been performed by numerous highly acclaimed actors in each successive century., Inception is a 2010 science fiction heist thriller film written, co-produced, and directed by Christopher Nolan, and co-produced by Emma Thomas. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio as a professional thief who steals information by infiltrating the subconscious, and is offered a chance to have his criminal history erased as payment for a seemingly impossible task: "inception", the implantation of another person's idea into a target's subconscious. The ensemble cast additionally includes Ellen Page, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Marion Cotillard, Ken Watanabe, Tom Hardy, Dileep Rao, Cillian Murphy, Tom Berenger, and Michael Caine., Barry Levinson (born April 6, 1942) is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, and actor. Levinson's best-known works are comedy-drama and drama films such as "Diner" (1982), "The Natural" (1984), "Good Morning, Vietnam" (1987), "Rain Man" (1988), "Bugsy" (1991), and "Wag the Dog" (1997). He won the Academy Award for Best Director for his work on "Rain Man", which also won the Academy Award for Best Picture., Richard Anthony "Cheech" Marin (born July 13, 1946) is an American comedian, actor, writer, voice actor and activist who gained recognition as part of the comedy act Cheech & Chong during the 1970s and early 1980s with Tommy Chong, and as Don Johnson's partner, Insp. Joe Dominguez, on "Nash Bridges". He has also voiced characters in several Disney productions, including "Oliver & Company", "The Lion King", "It's Tough to Be a Bug!", "Cars", "Cars 2" and "Beverly Hills Chihuahua"., The Last Samurai is a 2003 American epic historical war film directed and co-produced by Edward Zwick, who also co-wrote the screenplay with John Logan and Marshall Herskovitz. The film stars Tom Cruise, who also co-produced, with Timothy Spall, Ken Watanabe, Billy Connolly, Tony Goldwyn, Hiroyuki Sanada, Koyuki, and Shin Koyamada in supporting roles., Caryn Elaine Johnson (born November 13, 1955), known professionally as Whoopi Goldberg, is an American actress, comedian, author and television host. She has been nominated for 13 Emmy Awards for her work in television and is one of the few entertainers who has won an Emmy Award, a Grammy Award, an Oscar, and a Tony Award. She was the second black woman in the history of the Academy Awards to win an acting Oscar., Robert R. "Rob" Minkoff (born August 11, 1962) is an American filmmaker. He is known for directing the double Academy Awardwinning animated feature "The Lion King" (along with Roger Allers)., Irene Mecchi is an American writer for television, movies, newspapers, and Broadway. Originally from San Francisco, she started her work with Disney in March 1992, when she wrote "Recycle Rex", an animated short film which won the 1994 Environmental Media Award. Irene has worked on Herb Caen's books, and is the co-screenwriter of Disney animated movies such as "The Lion King", "The Hunchback of Notre Dame", and "Hercules". With co-author Roger Allers, she received a 1998 Tony nomination for writing the book for "The Lion King". Irene wrote the teleplay for "Annie", which aired on ABC in 1999., The Disney Renaissance is the era from 1989 to 1999 during which Walt Disney Feature Animation (renamed Walt Disney Animation Studios in 2006) experienced a creative resurgence in producing successful animated films based on well-known stories, which restored public and critical interest in The Walt Disney Company as a whole., Ernest "Ernie" Sabella (born September 19, 1949) is an American actor and voice actor, who is best known for his role as the voice of Pumbaa from "The Lion King" film series., Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition., Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action" (Classical Greek: , "drama"), which is derived from "to do" (Classical Greek: , "drao"). 
The two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy. They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses, Thalia, and Melpomene. Thalia was the Muse of comedy (the laughing face), while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy (the weeping face). Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle's "Poetics" (c. 335 BCE)the earliest work of dramatic theory., The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards presented annually since the awards debuted in 1929, by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to producers working in the film industry and is the only category in which every member is eligible to submit a nomination. The actors or actresses in the film will not accept this award unless he or she produced the film., Nathan Lane (born Joseph Lane; February 3, 1956) is an American stage, film and television actor and writer. He is known for his roles as Albert in "The Birdcage", Max Bialystock in the musical "The Producers", Ernie Smuntz in "MouseHunt", Nathan Detroit in "Guys and Dolls", Pseudolus in "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum", his voice work in "Stuart Little" as Snowbell the cat and "The Lion King" as Timon the meerkat, and his recurring roles on "Modern Family", "The Good Wife", and "" as F. Lee Bailey. In 2006, Lane received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and in 2008, he was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame., Walt Disney Pictures is an American film production company and a division of Walt Disney Studios, owned by The Walt Disney Company. The division is based at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, and is the main producer of live-action feature films within the Walt Disney Studios unit. It took on its current name in 1983. Today, in conjunction with the other units of Walt Disney Studios, Walt Disney Pictures is classified as one of Hollywood's "Big Six" film studios., Linda Woolverton (born December 19, 1952) is an American screenwriter, playwright, and novelist, whose most prominent works include the screenplays and books of several acclaimed Disney films and stage musicals. She became the first woman to write an animated feature for Disney by writing the screenplay of "Beauty and the Beast", the first animated film ever to be nominated for Best Picture at the 64th Academy Awards. She also wrote the screenplay of "The Lion King", and adapted her own "Beauty and the Beast" screenplay into the book of the Broadway adaptation of the film, receiving a Tony Award nomination for this., At the 62nd Academy Awards in 1990, "Driving Miss Daisy" received nine nominations, and won the Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Actress, Best Makeup, and Best Adapted Screenplay., James Jonah "Jim" Cummings (born November 3, 1952) is an American voice actor and singer, who has appeared in almost 400 roles. He is known for voicing the title character from "Darkwing Duck", Dr. Robotnik from "Sonic the Hedgehog", and Pete. His other characters include Winnie the Pooh, Tigger, and the Tasmanian Devil. He has performed in numerous animated Disney and DreamWorks movies including "Aladdin", "The Lion King", "Balto", "Antz", "The Road to El Dorado", "Shrek", and "The Princess and the Frog". He has also provided voice-over work for video games, such as "Icewind Dale", "Fallout", "", "Baldur's Gate", "Mass Effect 2", "", "", "", and "Splatterhouse"., William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised)  23 April 1616) was an English :poet, :playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet, and the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright., James Earl Jones (born January 17, 1931) is an American actor. His career has spanned more than 60 years, and he has been described as "one of America's most distinguished and versatile" actors and "one of the greatest actors in American history." Since his Broadway debut in 1957, Jones has won many awards, including a Tony Award and Golden Globe Award for his role in "The Great White Hope". Jones has won three Emmy Awards, including two in the same year in 1991, and he also earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor in a Leading Role in the film version of "The Great White Hope". He is also known for his voice roles as Darth Vader in the "Star Wars" film series and Mufasa in Disney's "The Lion King" as well as many other film, stage, and television roles., Barry Morrow (born June 12, 1948) is an American screenwriter and producer. He wrote the story and co-wrote the screenplay for "Rain Man"., Rain Man is a 1988 American road comedy-drama film directed by Barry Levinson and written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass. It tells the story of an abrasive and selfish young wheeler-dealer, Charlie Babbitt (Tom Cruise), who discovers that his estranged father has died and bequeathed all of his multimillion-dollar estate to his other son, Raymond (Dustin Hoffman), an autistic savant, of whose existence Charlie was unaware. Charlie is left with only his father's car and collection of rose bushes. In addition to the two leads, Valeria Golino stars as Charlie's girlfriend, Susanna., Sir Timothy Miles Bindon "Tim" Rice (born 10 November 1944) is an English author and Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, Tony Award, and Grammy Award-winning lyricist. He is best known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber, with whom he wrote "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat", "Jesus Christ Superstar", and "Evita"; with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA, with whom he wrote "Chess"; for additional songs for the 2011 West End revival of "The Wizard of Oz"; and for his work for Walt Disney Studios with Alan Menken ("Aladdin, Beauty and the Beast, King David"), Elton John ("The Lion King", "Aida", "The Road to El Dorado") and Ennio Morricone., Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (born July 3, 1962), known professionally as Tom Cruise, is an American actor and producer. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards. He started his career at age 19 in the film "Endless Love" (1981). After portraying supporting roles in "Taps" (1981) and "The Outsiders" (1983), his first leading role was in the romantic comedy "Risky Business", released in August 1983. Cruise became a full-fledged movie star after starring as Pete "Maverick" Mitchell in the action drama "Top Gun" (1986). One of the biggest movie stars in Hollywood, Cruise starred in several more successful films in the 1980s, including the dramas "The Color of Money" (1986), "Cocktail" (1988), "Rain Man" (1988), and "Born on the Fourth of July" (1989)., Subject: jay rifkin, Relation: date_of_birth, Options: (A) 1 (B) 10 (C) 10 november 1944 (D) 11 (E) 12 (F) 12 september 1957 (G) 150 (H) 154 (I) 1564 (J) 1599 (K) 1602 (L) 17 (M) 1879 (N) 19 (O) 1927 (P) 1929 (Q) 1931 (R) 1937 (S) 1938 (T) 1942 (U) 1946 (V) 1948 (W) 1949 (X) 1952 (Y) 1955 (Z) 1960 ([) 1962 (\) 1965 (]) 1967 (^) 1968 (_) 1979 (`) 1981 (a) 1982 (b) 1983 (c) 1986 (d) 1987 (e) 1988 (f) 1989 (g) 1990 (h) 1991 (i) 1992 (j) 1994 (k) 1995 (l) 1997 (m) 1999 (n) 2 (o) 20 (p) 2000 (q) 2003 (r) 2004 (s) 2006 (t) 2010 (u) 22 (v) 22 october 1965 (w) 23 (x) 25 (y) 27 (z) 28 ({) 3 (|) 30 (}) 335 (~) 38 () 58 () 6 () 8 () 900 () january 1955 () october 1965 () september 1957

Answer: 2000


Question: Context: John III (20 December 1537  17 November 1592) was King of Sweden from 1568 until his death. He was the son of King Gustav I of Sweden and his second wife Margaret Leijonhufvud. He was also, quite autonomously, the ruler of Finland, as "Duke John" from 1556 to 1563. In 1581 he assumed also the title Grand Prince of Finland. He attained the Swedish throne after a rebellion against his brother Eric XIV. He is mainly remembered for his attempts to close the gap between the newly established Lutheran Church of Sweden and the Catholic church., The Spanish Empire was one of the largest empires in history. It reached the peak of its military, political and economic power under the Spanish Habsburgs, through most of the 16th and 17th centuries, and its greatest territorial extent under the House of Bourbon in the 18th century, when it was the largest empire in the world. The Spanish Empire became the foremost global power of its time and was the first to be called "the empire on which the sun never sets"., A composite monarchy (or composite state) is a historical category, introduced by J. H. Elliott, that describes early modern states consisting of several countries under one ruler, who governs his territories as if they were separate kingdoms, in accordance with local traditions and legal structures. The composite state was the typical kind in the early modern period. H. G. Koenigsberger divides composite states into two classes: those, like the Spanish Empire, that consisted of countries separated by either other states or by the sea, and those, like PolandLithuania, that were contiguous., Sigismund III Vasa ( also known as Sigismund III of Poland , Polish : Zygmunt III Waza , Lithuanian : Žygimantas Vaza , English exonym : Sigmund ; 20 June 1566 -- 30 April 1632 N.S. ) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania , monarch of the united Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632 , and King of Sweden ( where he is known simply as Sigismund ) from 1592 as a composite monarchy until he was deposed in 1599 . He was the son of King John III of Sweden and his first wife , Catherine Jagellonica of Poland . Elected to the throne of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth , Sigismund sought to create a personal union between the Commonwealth and Sweden ( Polish -- Swedish union ) , and succeeded for a time in 1592 . After he had been deposed in 1599 from the Swedish throne by his uncle , Charles IX of Sweden , and a meeting of the Riksens ständer ( Swedish Riksdag ) , he spent much of the rest of his life attempting to reclaim it . Shortly after his victory over his internal enemies , Sigismund took advantage of a period of civil unrest in Muscovy ( known as the Time of Troubles ) and invaded Russia , holding Moscow for two years ( 1610 -- 12 ) and Smolensk thereafter . In 1617 the Polish -- Swedish conflict , which had been interrupted by an armistice in 1611 , broke out again . While Sigismund 's army was also fighting Ottoman forces in Moldavia ( 1617 -- 21 ) , King Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden ( Charles IX 's son ) invaded Sigismund 's lands , capturing Riga ( 1621 ) and seizing almost all of Polish Livonia . Sigismund , who concluded the Truce of Altmark with Sweden in 1629 , never regained the Swedish crown . His Swedish wars resulted , moreover , in Poland 's loss of Livonia and in a diminution of the kingdom 's international prestige . Sigismund remains a highly controversial figure in Poland . His long reign coincided with the apex of the Polish -- Lithuanian Commonwealth 's prestige , power and economic influence . On the other hand , it was during his reign that the symptoms of decline leading to the Commonwealth 's eventual demise surfaced . Popular histories , such as the books of Pawe Jasienica , tend to present Sigismund as the principal source of these destructive processes ; whereas academic histories are usually not as damning of him . However , the question of whether the Commonwealth 's decline was caused by Sigismund 's decisions or had its roots in historical processes beyond his personal control , remains a highly debated topic . He was commemorated in Warsaw with Sigismund 's Column , commissioned by his son and successor , Wadysaw IV., Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson of the Vasa noble family and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496  29 September 1560), was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560, previously self-recognised Protector of the Realm ("Riksföreståndare") from 1521, during the ongoing Swedish War of Liberation against King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Initially of low standing, Gustav rose to lead the rebel movement following the Stockholm Bloodbath, in which his father perished. Gustav's election as King on 6 June 1523 and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later meant the end of Medieval Sweden's elective monarchy and the Kalmar Union, and the birth of a hereditary monarchy under the House of Vasa and its successors, including the current House of Bernadotte., Subject: sigismund iii vasa, Relation: noble_family, Options: (A) house of bourbon (B) house of vasa

Answer:
house of vasa