Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: The aim of this study was to develop an assay system that can quantify the amount of biomass in biofilms formed by different isogenic mutants of an Escherichia coli K-12 strain.', 'The reported assay, which is based on the BacTiter-Glo assay from Promega, uses bioluminescence to detect the intracellular concentration of ATP, which correlates with viable bacterial cell numbers. The quantitative data obtained with this ATP assay were compared to those obtained with the conventional crystal violet assay. As a qualitative control, scanning electron microscopy was performed.

Answer: Does a combination of assays reveal biomass differences in biofilms formed by Escherichia coli mutants?


Question: Epinephrine commonly is added to epidural opioids and local anesthetics, however, little is known about the fate of epidurally administered epinephrine. Studies have identified the epinephrine metabolizing enzyme, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), in the cranial meninges of several species. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the spinal meninges also contain COMT and are capable of metabolizing epinephrine. If so, then the spinal meninges may have an important impact in limiting the bioavailability of epinephrine in both the spinal cord and epidural space.', 'Spinal meningeal specimens measuring 4 cm2 were obtained from monkeys (M. nemestrina) and farm-bred pigs and were incubated in bicarbonate-buffered mock cerebrospinal fluid. Epinephrine (200 micrograms base) was added at t = 0, and 200 min later, the mock cerebrospinal fluid was collected for metanephrine analysis. In separate experiments, pig meningeal specimens were separated into dura mater, pia-arachnoid mater, and pia mater, and the experiments were repeated to determine which meninx had the greatest COMT activity.', 'Metanephrine was produced by monkey meninges at the rate of 0.47 ng.min-1.cm-2 and by pig meninges at the rate of 0.23 ng.min-1.cm-2 (P > 0.05). The pia-arachnoid meninx produced metanephrine at a greater rate (4.48 +/- 0.46 ng.min-1.mg-1 tissue) than did the pia mater (1.3 +/- 0.15 ng.min-1.mg-1 tissue) or dura mater alone (1.82 +/- 0.23 ng.min-1.mg-1 tissue).

Answer: Is epinephrine metabolized by the spinal meninges of monkeys and pigs?


Question: The serrated pathway is a distinct pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis that has been implicated in development of a substantial proportion of interval colorectal cancers. The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) detects early neoplasms with a higher level of sensitivity than the guaiac test. We investigated the sensitivity of the FIT in detection of sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps).', 'We performed a prospective study of 6198 asymptomatic subjects (mean age, 59.0 ± 7.0 years) who received concurrent screening colonoscopies and FITs at the Health Management Center of National Taiwan University Hospital from August 2010 through November 2014. The sensitivity of FIT for conventional adenoma, advanced adenoma, and SSA/P at different cutoffs was calculated, and results were compared by using multivariate analysis adjusted for potential confounders.', 'Prevalence values of SSA/P, adenoma, and advanced adenoma were 1.4%, 20.2%, and 5.5%, respectively. At cutoffs of 10, 15, and 20 μg hemoglobin/g feces, the FIT detected all SSA/Ps with 12.3%, 6.2%, and 6.2% sensitivity, large SSA/Ps with 18.4%, 10.5%, and 10.5% sensitivity, and advanced adenomas with 32.4%, 24.5%, and 20.9% sensitivity, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that positive results from the FIT did not differ significantly between individuals with SSA/P and those with non-advanced adenoma or those with negative findings from colonoscopy. Patients with large SSA/Ps were less likely to have positive results from the FIT than patients with advanced adenoma, with odds ratios of 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18-1.05), 0.30 (95% CI, 0.10-0.90), and 0.37 (95% CI, 0.12-1.12) at cutoffs of 10, 15, and 20 μg hemoglobin/g feces, respectively, after adjusting for lesion size, even with synchronous conventional adenoma.

Answer:
Does fecal Immunochemical Test detect Sessile Serrated Adenomas and Polyps With a Low Level of Sensitivity?