Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[EX Q]: Context: Animal and human studies suggest that programing of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be involved in the development of obesity, but human studies of biological indicators of HPA axis activity are lacking. We studied the association between levels of the stress hormone cortisol during pregnancy and overweight offspring during childhood into adolescence.', 'Salivary samples from 655 Danish pregnant women with singleton pregnancies (1989-1991) were collected once in the morning and once in the evening in their second and third trimester. We followed the offspring from two to 16 years of age with at least one measurement of height and weight, and classified their body mass index into overweight and normal weight. The adjusted relative difference in median salivary cortisol (with 95% confidence interval (CI)) during pregnancy (the four samples), in second and third trimester (morning and evening samples) between overweight and normal weight offspring was estimated. Furthermore, the adjusted median ratio between morning and evening maternal salivary cortisol level was estimated for normal weight and overweight children. All the analyses were stratified into the equal age groups: 2-6, 7-11, and 12-16 years.', 'We found non-significant higher maternal cortisol levels during pregnancy in offspring that were overweight at the age of 2-6, 7-11 and 12-16 years than in normal weight peers; adjusted relative difference in median salivary cortisol 11% (95% CI: -2; 25), 6% (95% CI: -7; 20), and 9% (95% CI: -4; 24), respectively. A statistically significantly higher level of maternal cortisol was found in the second trimester in 2-6-year-old and 12-16-year-old overweight offspring; relative difference 19% (95% CI: 3; 37), and 20% (95% CI: 3; 41), respectively. The median ratio between morning and evening maternal salivary cortisol level was similar for overweight and normal weight children; e.g. at age 2-6 years in third trimester 4.31 (95% CI: 4.05; 4.60)nmol/l and 4.28 (95% CI: 3.60; 5.09)nmol/l, respectively (P=0.93).
Answer: Our findings suggest a relatively consistent association between pregnancy cortisol levels and overweight offspring, especially in the second trimester.
[EX A]: Are maternal salivary cortisol levels during pregnancy positively associated with overweight children?

[EX Q]: Context: Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is a curative treatment for patients with atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the effects of adenosine administration on the PV activity and atrio-venous conduction after PV isolation.', 'Twenty-nine patients (21 m; age: 55+/-8 years) were submitted to ostial PV isolation guided by basket catheter recordings. After successful isolation, the effects of a 12 mg intravenous bolus of adenosine were tested in 62 PVs. In 22/62 PVs (35%), left atrium (LA)-to-PV conduction was transiently (16.6+/-7.1 s, range: 3.8-27.9 s) or permanently (3 PVs) restored in response to adenosine administration. The prevalence of this phenomenon was 39% in left superior PVs, 43% in right superior PVs, and 22% in left inferior PVs (p=0.365). It occurred more frequently in the presence of dissociated PV activity (11/15 PVs, 73% vs. 11/47 PVs, 23%; p=0.002), whereas it was not influenced by the median duration of the radiofrequency current (RFC) delivery for each PV [19 (IQR: 12-26) min vs. 16 (IQR: 11-24) min: p=0.636]. A lengthening or shortening of the LA-PV conduction time was observed at LA-PV conduction appearance and disappearance in 36% and 55% of the cases, respectively. Further RFC applications (median: 5.5 min, IQR: 4-11 min) at the residual conduction breakthrough(s) indicated by the basket catheter recordings definitively eliminated adenosine-induced recovery of LA-PV conduction in all cases. Finally, when present, intrinsic PV discharge was invariably depressed by adenosine administration.
Answer: Adenosine may transiently or permanently re-establish LA-PV conduction after apparently successful PV isolation. This phenomenon is abolished by additional RFC delivery. However, its possible influence on the clinical results of PV ablation must be evaluated by properly designed, randomized studies.
[EX A]: Does adenosine restore atrio-venous conduction after apparently successful ostial isolation of the pulmonary veins?

[EX Q]: Context: We examined the effects of cilostazol on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and its relationship with cilostazol-mediated protection against apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated endothelial cells.', 'Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to LPS and cilostazol with and without specific inhibitors of MAPKs; changes in MAPK activity in association with cell viability and apoptotic signaling were investigated.', 'Cilostazol protected HUVECs against LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing the mitochondrial permeability transition, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and subsequent activation of caspases, stimulating extracellullar signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK signaling, and increasing phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and Bcl-2 expression, while suppressing Bax expression. These cilostazol-mediated cellular events were effectively blocked by MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK1/2) and p38 MAPK inhibitors.
Answer: Cilostazol protects HUVECs against LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling. Activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs, and subsequent stimulation of CREB phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression, may be responsible for the cellular signaling mechanism of cilostazol-mediated protection.
[EX A]:
Does cilostazol protect endothelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis through ERK1/2- and P38 MAPK-dependent pathways?