instruction:
Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.
question:
What is offered by the metaphysical or rather conceptual definition of pushes and pulls?
answer:
The conceptual definition of pushes and pulls are offered by what?


question:
What Costa Rican or no make that Columbia president went to Harvard?
answer:
What Columbia President went to Harvard?


question:
What did Jacksonville refer to middle class citizen leaving the suburbs er rather suffer from following World War I?
answer:

What did Jacksonville suffer from following World War I?