We would like you to assess the QUALITY of each of the following argument (discussing Gay Marriage) and determine if the argument is Valid or Invalid. A valid argument is clearly interpretable and either expresses an argument, or a premise or a conclusion that can be used in an argument for the topic of gay marriage. An invalid argument is a phrase that cannot be interpreted as an argument or not on the topic of gay marriage.

[Q]: As had been suggested before, I do not know of a single act of violence committed against someone because he opposed gay rights, yet I know of many opponents of gay rights who committed violence against gay people.
[A]: Valid


[Q]: As the passage of these bans show, society does not appear ready to accept gay marriage.
[A]: Valid


[Q]: These findings exist even though black females are generally less likely than white females to report risk behaviors such as smoking cigarettes, consuming alcohol, or using other substances (79,83,84,85).
[A]:
Invalid