In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[EX Q]: see scott, supra at 352; commonwealth v. ruffin, 475 mass. 1003, 1004 (2016).
[EX A]: non-overruling

[EX Q]: insofar as they hold to the contrary, brown and ray should no longer be followed.
[EX A]: overruling

[EX Q]:  early, 330 ga. app. at 655 (1) (a) (punctuation omitted); accord hardy, 239 ga. app. at 596 (1).
[EX A]:
non-overruling