In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[Q]: The vertical component of the effect caused by this force is sometimes named for Eotvos. The ratio of inertial forces to the magnitude of this force is a dimensionless number named for Rossby. This force causes the apparent (*) deflection of objects moving in rotating reference frames. For 10 points, name this fictitious force that causes winds to deflect to the north and south of the equator, which is responsible for the formation of cyclones.
[A]: Science


[Q]: After allying with the khan of Chagatai and taking part in campaigns in Transoxania, this ruler would lose a "muddy battle" against Ilyas Khodja, despite fighting alongside brother-in-law Husayn of Balkh. Becoming the head of the Barlas upon the death of Tughluk, this man annihilated Tokhtamysh and the Golden Horde at the Battle of the Terek River before he overwhelmed Sultan Mehmud's forces in seizing the Delhi Sultanate. Prior to his death and ultimate succession by Shah Rukh while planning an invasion of China, he defeated the Turks at the Battle of Ankara and captured Bayezid I. FTP, name this Mongol military leader who ruled in Central Asia during the 14th century from his capital of Samarkand.
[A]: History


[Q]: The cooling named for this effect is a type of laser cooling that impacts particles within a certain   range of speeds. A profile named for this effect is used to find the temperature of a gas based on the  way that this effect broadens spectral lines. The transverse type of this effect is explained by the   time dilation of special relativity and was confirmed by the Ives-Stilwell experiment. Astronomical  measures of this effect led to the development of Hubble's Law and the belief that the universe  is expanding. Name this change of frequencies such as redshifts and blueshifts caused by relative  velocities between a source and observer.
[A]:
Science