Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Surgery has been the gold standard in the treatment of adult pyloric stenosis (APS). The introduction of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in 1989 revolutionised the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and its complications.', 'We carried out a prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of PPIs as an alternative to surgery for treatment of APS. Six consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of adult peptic pyloric stenosis between November 1999 and August 2002 were studied. The diagnosis was confirmed with endoscopy. All patients were commenced on a twice-daily dose of intravenous PPI. This was changed to oral treatment after 2 days. Main outcome measures evaluated were resolution of symptoms on PPIs and failure of medical therapy.', 'There were five females and one male. Median age at diagnosis was 72 years (range, 30-90 years). Median duration of symptoms was 2 weeks (range, 1-5 weeks). Of the patients, five had a history of peptic ulcer disease. Complete resolution was achieved in 5 patients (83%). Median duration for resolution of symptoms was 9 days (range, 5-14 days). All patients were changed to oral PPIs after 2 days. One patient did not respond to oral therapy and required surgical intervention (pyloroplasty). Median follow-up was 26 months (range, 6-48 months). There was no recurrence of symptoms. All patients were discharged on low-dose PPI.
0

Growth factor therapy provides a therapeutic alternative for "no option" patients with coronary disease. Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) predominantly stimulates angiogenesis, the growth of new capillaries, whereas Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) is considered an arteriogenic agent. We hypothesised a synergetic effect of FGF-2 and MCP-1 in ischemic myocardium.', 'A severe coronary stenosis was created in pigs. After one week, chronic ischemia was confirmed by angiography, echocardiography, reduced ejection fraction, and increase of marker enzymes. FGF-2, MCP-1, both, or vector only were then injected intramyocardially as plasmid DNA in the impaired area. Regional contractility and number of capillaries and arterial vessels were evaluated after three months.', 'FGF-2, FGF-2+MCP-1, and vector, but not MCP-1 alone improved regional contractility at rest, whereas only FGF-2 alone ameliorated function under stress conditions. Angiogenesis in the ischemic area was stimulated by FGF-2 compared to MCP-1. In contrast, MCP-1 induced arteriogenesis relative to FGF-2.
0

Elevated arterial PCO2 (hypercapnia) is a known risk in diving with closed circuit breathing apparatus. In a retrospective study, we determined CO2 retention and the ability to detect CO2 in novice divers who were either CO2-recognition-trained subjects (TS) or untrained subjects (UTS).', 'Ventilatory and perceptual responses to variations in inspired CO2 (range 0-5.6 kPa, 0-42 mm Hg) during moderate exercise were assessed in novice Israeli Navy divers on active duty. Tests were carried out on 231 TS and 213 UTS.', 'The minimal mean inspired PCO2 that could be detected was 4.8 +/- 1.6 kPa (36 +/- 12 mm Hg) in UTS and 2.9 +/- 0.7 kPa (22 +/- 5 mm Hg) in TS (p < 0.0001). No significant changes were found in PETCO2 between the two groups during exposure to a PICO2 of 5.6 kPa (42 mm Hg). There were 46 TS who were found to be CO2 retainers (more than +1 SD above the mean) and 19 were classified as poor detectors (more than +1 SD above the mean). Seven subjects exhibited both traits. During actual oxygen diving performed later by this group, the only four cases of CNS-oxygen toxicity were among those seven subjects (p < 0.01).

0