Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Biomarkers predictive of recovery from acute kidney injury (AKI) after liver transplantation (LT) could enhance decision algorithms regarding the need for liver-kidney transplantation or renal sparing regimens. Multianalyte plasma/urine kidney injury protein panels were performed immediately before and 1 month post-LT in an initial test group divided by reversible pre-LT AKI (rAKI = post-LT renal recovery) versus no AKI (nAKI). This was followed by a larger validation set that included an additional group: irreversible pre-LT AKI (iAKI = no post-LT renal recovery). In the test group (n = 16), six pre-LT plasma (not urine) kidney injury proteins (osteopontin [OPN], neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, cystatin C, trefoil factor 3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase [TIMP]-1, and β-2-microglobulin) were higher in rAKI versus nAKI (P < 0.05) and returned to normal values with renal recovery post-LT. In the validation set (n = 46), a number of proteins were significantly higher in both rAKI and iAKI versus nAKI. However, only pre-LT plasma OPN (P = 0.009) and TIMP-1 (P = 0.019) levels were significantly higher in rAKI versus iAKI. Logistic regression modeling was used to correlate the probability of post-LT rAKI, factoring in both pre-LT protein markers and clinical variables. A combined model including elevated OPN and TIMP-1 levels, age <57, and absence of diabetes had the highest area under the curve of 0.82, compared to protein-only and clinical variable-only models.

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a hypoxia-induced endothelial cell-specific mitogen, which is angiogenic in vivo and up-regulated in several malignancies. VEGF can be used as a prognostic marker, but the effect of surgical trauma on serum VEGF (S-VEGF) concentrations is unknown and might reduce the value of VEGF as a serum marker.', 'We monitored S-VEGF levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients undergoing surgery.', 'Eighteen patients with major surgery had slightly elevated S-VEGF compared with the preoperative level (median 9.5 pg/mL) on the first (median 35 pg/mL; P = 0.0002) and third (median 19 pg/mL; P = 0.004) postoperative day, but not in later samples. The levels measured in 8 patients after minor surgery did not differ from the preoperative levels (P = 0.14).

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
To study the gastroprotective effect and in vivo antioxidant potential of a standardized iridoid fraction from B. prionitis leaves (BPE) against different gastric ulcer models in rats.', 'The standardized iridoid fraction from BPE at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days for prevention from aspirin, ethanol, cold-restraint stress (CRS), and pylorus ligation (PL)-induced ulcers. Estimation of the antioxidant enzyme activity was carried out in a CRS-induced ulcer model, and various gastric secretion parameters including volume of gastric juice, acid output, and pH value were estimated in the PL-induced ulcer model.', 'BPE showed a dose-dependent ulcer protective effect in PL (18.67%-66.26% protection), aspirin (24.65%-63.25% protection), CRS (20.77%-59.42% protection), and EtOH (16.93%-77.04% protection)-induced ulcers. BPE treatment in PL-rats showed a decrease in acid-pepsin secretion, and enhanced mucin and mucosal glycoproteins. However, BPE reduced the ulcer index with significant decrease in LPO (P < 0.01-0.001), SOD (P < 0.01-0.001), and an increase in CAT (P < 0.01-0.001), activity in the CRS-induced model.

Ex Output:

1