Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Recently, the Arg389Gly beta1-adrenoceptor (beta1AR) gene polymorphism has been detected. The Arg variant exhibited increased responsiveness to agonist-induced stimulation in vitro. Functional studies in isolated human atrial muscle strips and in-vivo studies revealed contradictory results regarding the functional relevance of this polymorphism. We sought to characterize the functional consequences of the Arg389Gly beta1-AR polymorphism in 30 consecutive healthy male volunteers in vivo.', 'beta1-AR genotype was determined by PCR and restriction analysis, which was confirmed by DNA sequencing. We compared heart rate, blood pressure, and contractile response of the various genotype carriers with a modified dobutamine stress echocardiography protocol.', 'Subjects homozygous for the Arg389 beta1AR showed a significantly higher increase in fractional shortening upon cumulative doses of dobutamine as compared to subjects carrying one or two copies of the Gly389 allele. A statistically significant difference was observed at a dobutamine dose of 10 microg/kg/min (46.5 +/- 1.3 vs. 41.8 +/- 1.0 %; P = 0.023) and was maximal at 40 microg/kg/min (61.9 +/- 1.4 vs. 52.8 +/- 1.6; P = 0.001). As a result, the systolic blood pressure response to dobutamine was significantly enhanced in individuals homozygous for the Arg389 allele, whereas the effect on heart rate did not differ between the two groups. Normalization for changing afterload conditions by calculating the pressure-dimension ratio revealed similar effects, indicating that the beta1AR-mediated effects are mainly a result of increased myocardial inotropy.
Answer: These data indicate that the Arg389Gly beta1AR polymorphism is functionally relevant in vivo and determines contractile responsiveness to catecholamines in humans.
Does the Arg389Gly beta1-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism determine contractile response to catecholamines?

Context: To explore the effect of delta-opioid receptor (DOR) in electroacupuncture (EA) protecting the brain against acute ischemic injury.', 'Fifty-one rats were randomly divided into sham ischemia group, ischemia group, sham EA group, EA group, and EA+DOR antagonist (naltrindole) group. Transient focal cerebral ischemia (1 hour) was induced in rat brain by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method. EA was applied on Shuigou (GV 26) and Neiguan (PC 6) for 30 min, starting immediately after the onset of reperfusion. Neurological deficit scores and volume of cerebral infarction were detected after 24-hour reperfusion. Other 12 rats were randomly divided into sham ischemia group, ischemia group, EA group and EA + naltrindole group. DOR protein expressions were assessed by Western blotting after 24-hour reperfusion.', 'In comparison with the ischemia group and sham EA group, EA significantly reduced ischemic infarction and neurological deficits (P<0.05); EA significantly increased the expression of 60 kD DOR protein (P<0.05) and tended to increase that of 36 kD DOR protein (P>0.05). When naltrindole was combined with EA, the naltrindole completely abolished the EA-induced protection in ischemic infarction and neurological deficits, and also arrested the expression of DOR.
Answer: EA can up-regulate DOR expression and protect the brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Does [ Electroacupuncture protect the brain against acute ischemic injury via up-regulation of delta-opioid receptor in rats ]?

Context: Interobserver and intraobserver reliability study of improved method to evaluate radiographs of patients with scoliosis.', 'To determine the reliability of a computer-assisted measurement protocol for evaluating Cobb angle and King et al classification.', 'Evaluation of scoliosis radiographs is inherently unreliable because of technical and human judgmental errors. Objective, computer-assisted evaluation tools may improve reliability.', 'Posteroanterior preoperative radiographic images of 27 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were each displayed on a computer screen. They were marked 3 times in random sequence by each of 5 evaluators (observers) who marked 70 standardized points on the vertebrae and sacrum in each radiograph. A computer program (Spine 2002;27:2801-5) that identified curves, calculated Cobb angles, and generated the King et al classification automatically analyzed coordinates of these points. The interobserver and intraobserver variability of the Cobb angle and King et al classification evaluations were quantified and compared with values obtained by unassisted observers.', 'Average Cobb angle intraobserver standard deviation was 2.0 degrees for both the thoracic and lumbar curves (range 0.1 to 8.3 degrees for different curves). Interobserver reliability was 2.5 degrees for thoracic curves and 2.6 degrees for lumbar curves. Among the 5 observers, there was an inverse relationship between repeatability and time spent marking images, and no correlation with image quality or curve magnitude. Kappa values for the variability of the King et al classification averaged 0.85 (intraobserver).
Answer: Variability of Cobb measurements compares favorably with previously published series. The classification was more reliable than achieved by unassisted observers evaluating the same radiographs. The same principles may be applicable to other radiographic measurement and evaluation procedures.

Do computer-assisted algorithms improve reliability of King classification and Cobb angle measurement of scoliosis?