In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Question: Context: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of low-energy femoral insufficiency fractures in elderly patients.', 'The study retrospectively evaluated the clinical course of 4 patients with low-energy femoral shaft and subtrochanteric fractures admitted to our department between 2009 and 2011. Three patients had prior long-term alendronate therapy and one had prior glucocorticoid therapy.', 'There were 5 femoral shaft fractures, 2 incomplete shaft fractures, 2 subtrochanteric and 1 intertrochanteric fractures. All femoral shaft fractures had characteristic fracture patterns with thickened lateral cortices at the proximal fragment. Six femurs had excessive medial femoral bowing, which complicated intramedullary nailing. Additional fractures were seen on both femurs of one patient who had been primarily treated with short implants. A bifocal femoral fracture was seen in one femur. Union was achieved in all patients. Two patients were able to walk independently, one with a cane and one with double crutches.\Question: Does femoral insufficiency fractures in the elderly - excessive medial femoral bowing complicate intramedullary nailing?

Answer: We suggest the addition of another radiographic pattern of 'excessive medial femoral bowing' in low-energy femoral shaft fractures in elderly patients. This bowing complicates intramedullary nailing. Moreover, these insufficiency fractures should be fixed with long cephalomedullary nails.


Question: Context: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) improves the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer who respond, but it is not effective in nonresponders. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a reliable method of predicting response before initiation of chemotherapy. Hypercoagulability, which is thought to be because of upregulation of tissue factor (TF) in cancer cells, was reported to be associated with chemoresistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between TF expression and response to NACT in esophageal cancer.', 'In 67 patients with advanced esophageal cancer, TF expression in pretreatment biopsy samples was evaluated immunohistochemically and correlated with clinicopathologic factors and response to chemotherapy.', 'TF was expressed by 43.3% of the tumors, but there were no correlations observed with any clinicopathologic parameters examined. Clinical and histologic responses to chemotherapy were significantly worse in TF-positive patients compared with TF-negative patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that TF expression was significantly associated with a poor clinical response (P\xa0=\xa00.0431). TF expression was also independently associated with poor progression-free survival (P\xa0=\xa00.0353).\Question: Does tissue factor predict response to chemotherapy in esophageal cancer?

Answer: TF expression levels in pretreatment biopsy samples are useful for predicting response to NACT in advanced esophageal cancer. Further studies of mechanisms underlying the relationship between TF expression and chemosensitivity are needed.


Question: Context: Our objective was to identify the antioxidant properties of honeybee products from Turkey, chestnut honey, pollen, propolis, and royal jelly, and their hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats.', 'Animals were fed with honeybee products for 7 days following CCl4 injection. Development of liver damage and oxidative stress were monitored by measuring the activities of the enzymes alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Antioxidant capacities of the bee products were identified using FRAP and DPPH assays, as well as by measuring total phenolic and flavonoid contents.', 'The antioxidant activities of the honeybee products were highest in propolis, followed, in order, by pollen, honey, and royal jelly. Despite their different levels of antioxidant capacity, their roles in the prevention of liver damage induced by CCl4 were very similar, which can be explained through their bioavailability to the treated animals.\Question: Do apitherapy products enhance the recovery of CCL4-induced hepatic damages in rats?

Answer:
Our results suggest that honey, propolis, pollen, and royal jelly significantly enhanced the healing of CCl4-induced liver damage, partially due to their antioxidant properties and bioavailability.