instruction:
In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
question:
appellate review that is not founded upon any factual findings made at the trial court level, but is based upon an independent review and analysis of the contract within the four corners of the document, is not subject to the manifest error rule of law.
answer:
non-overruling


question:
to the extent that they follow or approve of the holding in ex parte erwin, supra, the following cases are also overruled.
answer:
overruling


question:
it has been claimed, for instance, that the predictions of experts are little better than chance.
answer:

non-overruling