Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: A number of risk factors for chronic renal allograft rejection have been identified; in particular the number and severity of acute rejections, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and insufficient immunosuppression.', 'In a retrospective case control study, all histologically confirmed cases of chronic rejection (n=45) that occurred between 1985 and 1993 among patients transplanted at Huddinge Hospital were compared with twice as many controls. Determinants such as donor age and sex, HLA-mismatch, cold ischemia time, recipient age and sex, body mass index, cause of renal disease, time undergoing dialysis, condition of blood vessels at surgery, time of onset, number of acute rejection episodes during the first 3 months, area under the serum creatinine versus time curve (AUC(Creatinine)), blood pressure, blood lipids, and cyclosporine concentrations at various times after the transplantation were also compared. Additional data were obtained from a questionnaire, concerning 79% of the cases and controls.', 'Cases and controls were similar with regard to most determinants, that is, blood pressure, blood lipids, and average cyclosporine concentrations. The main outstanding risk factor for chronic rejection was the time-averaged creatinine (AUC(Creatinine)) value between day 22 and 3 months after transplantation. The adjusted odds ratio for chronic rejection increased stepwise from 1.1 to 9.2, when AUC(Creatinine) increased from < 150 to >300 micromol/l. The number of acute rejection episodes and number of HLA-mismatches also had a significant effect on the risk of chronic rejection.
Answer: To reduce the risk of developing chronic rejection after renal transplantation acute rejection episodes during the first 3 months should be avoided as much as possible.
[A]: Is area under the serum creatinine time-curve a strong predictor of chronic renal allograft rejection?


[Q]: Context: Emerging evidence suggests that the in utero environment is not sterile as once presumed. Work in the mouse demonstrated transmission of commensal bacteria from mother to fetus during gestation, though it is unclear what modulates this process. We have previously shown in the nonhuman primate that, independent of obesity, a maternal high-fat diet during gestation and lactation persistently shapes the juvenile gut microbiome. We therefore sought to interrogate in a population-based human longitudinal cohort whether a maternal high-fat diet similarly alters the neonatal and infant gut microbiome in early life.', 'A representative cohort was prospectively enrolled either in the early third trimester or intrapartum (n\u2009=\u2009163), with a subset consented to longitudinal sampling through the postpartum interval (n\u2009=\u200981). Multiple body site samples, including stool and meconium, were collected from neonates at delivery and by 6\xa0weeks of age. A rapid dietary questionnaire was administered to estimate intake of fat, added sugars, and fiber over the past month (National Health and Examination Survey). DNA was extracted from each infant meconium/stool sample (MoBio) and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis.', "On average, the maternal dietary intake of fat ranged from 14.0 to 55.2\xa0%, with an average intake of 33.1\xa0% (σ\u2009=\u20096.1\xa0%). Mothers whose diets significantly differed from the mean (±1 standard deviation) were separated into two distinct groups, a control group (n\u2009=\u200913, μ\u2009=\u200924.4\xa0%) and a high-fat group (n\u2009=\u200913, μ\u2009=\u200943.1\xa0%). Principal coordinate analysis revealed that the microbiome of the neonatal stool at birth (meconium) clustered differently by virtue of maternal gestational diet (PERMANOVA p\u2009=\u20090.001). LEfSe feature selection identified several taxa that discriminated the groups, with a notable relative depletion of Bacteroides in the neonates exposed to a maternal high-fat gestational diet (Student's t-test, p\u2009<\u20090.05) that persisted to 6\xa0weeks of age.
Answer: Similar to the primate, independent of maternal body mass index, a maternal high-fat diet is associated with distinct changes in the neonatal gut microbiome at birth which persist through 4-6 weeks of age. Our findings underscore the importance of counseling pregnant mothers on macronutrient consumption during pregnancy and lactation.
[A]: Does the early infant gut microbiome vary in association with a maternal high-fat diet?


[Q]: Context: To investigate the long-term surgical outcomes of the Baerveldt 250 mm2 versus Baerveldt 350 mm2 glaucoma drainage implants (GDIs) (Abbott Laboratories Inc., Abbott Park, IL) in the treatment of refractory glaucoma.', 'Comparative case study.', 'A total of 89 consecutive eyes in 86 patients treated at Dean McGee Eye Institute between January 2006 and December 2008.', 'We retrospectively reviewed patient data from the following postoperative visits: 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, and every 3 months thereafter. Postoperative complications were also recorded. The mean follow-up time was 40 months (range, 2-78 months) for the Baerveldt 250 mm2 group and 31 months (range, 3-75 months) for the Baerveldt 350 mm2 group.', 'The primary outcome measure was surgical success. Secondary outcome measures included visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of medications.', 'There was no difference in surgical success (P=0.98). No significant differences were observed in VA measured using the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) scale, IOP, and number of medications at the last visit (P=0.09, 0.23, and 0.82, respectively). Complication and failure rates were comparable (P=0.82 and 0.64, respectively).
Answer: With a mean follow-up of 40 and 31 months, no differences in surgical success, VA, IOP, number of medications at the last visit, and complication/failure rates were noted between the Baerveldt 250 mm2 and 350 mm2 GDIs, respectively. The size of the GDI may not be associated with surgical outcomes.
[A]:
Do long-term efficacy of the Baerveldt 250 mm2 compared with the Baerveldt 350 mm2 implant?