Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Our aim was to investigate if: (a) authors of Biochemia Medica meet authorship criteria given by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), (b) authorship violations are more frequent in submissions containing some type of scientific misconduct.', 'Self-reported authorship contributions regarding the three ICMJE criteria were analysed for all submissions to Biochemia Medica (February 2013-April 2015) which were forwarded to peer-review. To test the differences in frequencies we used Chi-squared test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.', '186 manuscripts were authored by 804 authors. All ICMJE criteria were met by 487/804 (61%) authors. The first and the last author met all the criteria more frequently than those authors in between (P<0.001). The degree to which ICMJE criteria was met for the first author did not differ between manuscripts authored by only one author and those authored by >1 author (P=0.859). In 9% of the manuscripts ICMJE criteria were not met by a single author. Authors of the 171/186 manuscripts declared that all persons qualify for authorship but only 49% of them satisfied all ICMJE criteria. Authors have failed to acknowledge contributors in 88/186 (47%) manuscripts; instead these contributors have been listed as authors without fulfilling ICMJE criteria. Authorship violation was not more common in 42 manuscripts with some type of scientific misconduct (P=0.135).

A: Are iCMJE authorship criteria met in a substantial proportion of manuscripts submitted to Biochemia Medica?
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Q: An abnormal ratio of vasohibin-2/vasohibin-1 may be involved in the abnormal angiogenesis and vascular remodeling during pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).', 'To evaluate the pharmacological actions of Ponatinib (AP) in experimental model of PAH, the effects of AP on TGF-β1-mediated endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC), and the hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMC) proliferation and HPMEC in vitro, and on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PAH in vivo were investigated.', 'AP treatment resulted in a reduction of EndoMT in HPMECs with a decrease of vimentin, whereas an increase of VE-cadherin, reduction of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vasohibin-2 (VASH-2), whereas an increase of vasohibin-1 (VASH-1) in the hypoxic HPMEC, a reduction of the HPASMC proliferation with decreases of wnt5a, β-catenin and cyclin D1 expression. AP ameliorated BLM-induced PAH in rats with reductions of FGF-2, VEGF, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and VASH-2 expression, whereas an increase of VASH-1 expression. AP ameliorated BLM-induced PAH in rats with reductions of the pathological score and the collagen deposition. In addition, AP ameliorated hemodynamics and right ventricular hypertrophy.

A: Does ponatinib attenuate experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension by modulating Wnt signaling and vasohibin-2/vasohibin-1?
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Q: Vitamin D, an important modulator of the immune system, has been shown to protect mucosal barrier homeostasis. This study investigates the effects of vitamin D deficiency on infection-induced changes in intestinal epithelial barrier function in vitro and on Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis in mice.', 'Polarized epithelial Caco2-bbe cells were grown in medium with or without vitamin D and challenged with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Barrier function and tight junction protein expression were assessed. Weaned C57BL/6 mice were fed either a vitamin D-sufficient or vitamin D-deficient diet and then infected with C. rodentium. Disease severity was assessed by histological analysis, intestinal permeability assay, measurement of inflammatory cytokine levels, and microbiome analysis.', '1,25(OH)2D3 altered E. coli O157:H7-induced reductions in transepithelial electrical resistance (P < .01), decreased permeability (P < .05), and preserved barrier integrity. Vitamin D-deficient mice challenged with C. rodentium demonstrated increased colonic hyperplasia and epithelial barrier dysfunction (P < .0001 and P < .05, respectively). Vitamin D deficiency resulted in an altered composition of the fecal microbiome both in the absence and presence of C. rodentium infection.

A:
Does vitamin D deficiency promote epithelial barrier dysfunction and intestinal inflammation?
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