In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Question: Context: Intrathecal magnesium sulfate coinfusion with morphine increases antinociception in normal rats; however, because magnesium also delays the onset of tolerance, it is not clear whether this additional antinociception is a result of potentiated analgesia or tolerance abatement. We examined the antinociceptive interaction of intrathecal (IT) bolus magnesium sulfate and morphine in morphine naive rats and those with mechanical allodynia after a surgical incision. After intrathecal catheter implantation, rats were given preinjections of magnesium or saline, followed by injections of morphine or saline. In morphine naïve rats, IT bolus magnesium sulfate 281 and 375 microg followed by IT morphine 0.25 or 0.5 nmol enhanced peak antinociception and area under the response versus time curve two-to-three-fold in the tail-flick test as compared with morphine alone. Likewise, in rats with incisional pain, IT bolus magnesium sulfate 188 and 375 microg followed by morphine 0.5 nmol reduced mechanical allodynia, whereas morphine 0.5 nmol alone did not. This study suggests that IT magnesium sulfate potentiates morphine at a spinal site of action.\Question: Does magnesium sulfate potentiate morphine antinociception at the spinal level?

Answer: Magnesium sulfate potentiates morphine analgesia when coadministered intrathecally in normal rats, and in an animal model of mechanical allodynia after a surgical incision. These results suggest that intrathecal administration of magnesium sulfate may be a useful adjunct to spinal morphine analgesia.


Question: Context: Radiation induces an important apoptosis response in irradiated organs. The objective of this study was to investigate the radioprotective effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on irradiated lymphocytes and discover the possible mechanism of protection.', 'Lymphocytes were pretreated for 12 h with TMP (25-200 μmol·L(-1)) and then exposed to 4 Gy radiation. Cell apoptosis and the signaling pathway were analyzed.', 'Irradiation increased cell death, DNA fragmentation, activated caspase activation and cytochrome c translocation, downregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and up-regulated Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). Pretreated with TMP significantly reversed this tendency. Several anti-apoptotic characteristics of TMP, including the ability to increase cell viability, inhibit caspase-9 activation, and upregulate Bcl-2 and down-regulate Bax in 4Gy-irradiated lymphocytes were determined. Signal pathway analysis showed TMP could translate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) from cytosol into the nucleus.\Question: Does tetramethylpyrazine protect lymphocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis through nuclear factor-κB?

Answer: The results suggest that TMP had a radioprotective effect through the NF-κB pathway to inhibit apoptosis, and it may be an effective candidate for treating radiation diseases associated with cell apoptosis.


Question: Context: Given the role of microRNA in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, we explored the association between microRNA (miRNA) expression and CRC-related prognosis.', 'Three types of tissue samples (primary CRC lesions without liver metastasis, primary lesions with liver metastasis, and liver metastatic tissues) were used for miRNA profiling to identify differentially expressed miRNA. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine miRNA expression in CRC cells and in tumor tissues.', 'MiR-132 was significantly down-regulated in primary CRC tissues with liver metastasis and liver metastatic lesions compared to primary lesions without liver metastasis. Multivariate analysis for overall survival indicated that low miR-132 expression was an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients (overall survival P\xa0=\xa00.040, disease-free survival P\xa0=\xa00.015). Ectopic expression of miR-132 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and cell invasion. The luciferase reporter assay revealed that anoctamin 1 (ANO1) was a direct target of miR-132. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that high ANO1 expression was a significant prognostic factor for overall survival of patients with CRC (P\xa0=\xa00.0344).\Question: Is down-Regulation of microRNA-132 Associated with Poor Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer?

Answer:
Down-regulation of miR-132 is associated with poor prognosis in CRC. ANO1 could be one of the crucial targets of miR-132 in CRC.