TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
PROBLEM: Context: There is a critical need to better preserve isolated organs before transplantation. We developed a novel nonerythropoiesis cyclic helix B peptide (CHBP) derived from erythropoietin, which has potent tissue protection and prolonged serum stability. The renoprotection and potential mechanism of CHBP were evaluated in a kidney preservation model.', 'Porcine kidneys (n = 5) subjected to 20-minute warm ischemia were retrieved and flushed with hyperosmolar citrate to mimic deceased donation. The kidneys and autologous blood ± 10.56 nmol/L CHBP were placed in cold storage (CS) for 18 hours. These kidneys were then normothermically hemoreperfused for 3 hours using an isolated organ perfusion system. The renal function and structure, apoptosis, inflammation, and expression of caspase-3 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were assessed.', 'Cyclic helix B peptide significantly increased the renal blood flow, oxygen consumption, and urine output during reperfusion, but decreased serum potassium and renal tissue damage. Apoptotic cells were significantly decreased in the tubular areas, but increased in the lumens and interstitial areas in the post-CS and postreperfused kidneys, whereas myeloperoxidase+ cells were reduced. In addition, the expression of both caspase-3 precursor and active subunits was downregulated by CHBP in reperfused kidneys. However, HSP70 was upregulated in the post-CS and postreperfused kidneys treated with CHBP.\Question: Does cyclic Helix B Peptide in Preservation Solution and Autologous Blood Perfusate ameliorate Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Isolated Porcine Kidneys?

SOLUTION: Cyclic helix B peptide administered into preservation and reperfusion solutions ameliorated renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, which might be associated with decreased apoptosis, inflammation and caspase-3, but increased HSP70. This novel preservation approach using CHBP may be applied in a porcine kidney transplant model and potential human donor kidney preservation.

PROBLEM: Context: Studies over many years have demonstrated that preoptimization and attention to appropriate perioperative care is associated with a substantial decrease in surgical mortality. This review discusses ways in which patient preparation and perioperative support can minimize surgical mortality and morbidity.', 'Scoring systems continue to be developed in order to classify categories of surgical risk. Objective physiologically based assessments can also identify high-risk groups of patients. Debate continues over the indications for specific interventions such as beta-blockade or statin therapy. There is continuing interest in perioperative optimization of oxygen delivery. A multimodality approach paying attention to a range of possible interventions appears to be beneficial. Audit, training, experience and a sufficient volume of procedures are all factors associated with surgical mortality.\Question: Does excellent anaesthesia need patient preparation and postoperative support to influence outcome?

SOLUTION: The provision of a high-quality service throughout the perioperative period is vital for a successful outcome. Patients need to be assessed well before major elective surgery to determine if they fall into a high-risk category. Some patients may benefit from a change in management. Postoperatively, critical-care support should be available backed by level 1 (enhanced ward) care with input from outreach or medical emergency teams 24 hours per day, seven days a week.

PROBLEM: Context: Previous research has suggest that obesity is associated with increased risk for psychopathological disorders, however, little is known about which obese patients are most vulnerable to psychopathological disorders. We therefore investigated 126 treatment-seeking obese women to describe eating disorder pathology and mental health correlates, and to identify disordered eating behaviors that may place obese at increased risk for psychopathological disorders.', 'The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) was used to identify Eating Disorders (ED). A battery of psychological tests, including the Anxiety Scale Questionnaire (ASQ,) Clinical Depression Questionnaire (CDQ), Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) scales and structured clinical interview were administered to all the patients. We analyzed the link between psychopathological disorders and eating attitudes by using both multiple regression analysis and non-parametric correlation.', 'Disordered eating behaviors and emotional behavioral aspects related to Anorexia Nervosa, such as ineffectiveness, are strongly linked to the depression and anxiety in obese subjects. No correlation was found between psychopathological disorders and age or anthropometric measurements.\Question: Does disordered eating behavior and mental health correlate among treatment seeking obese women?

SOLUTION:
Findings corroborate earlier work indicating that psychological distress is elevated in obese treatment seeking, bolstering the need for mental health assessment of such individuals. The feeling of ineffectiveness constitutes the major predictor of psychopathological aspects. This is an important result which may inform the development of effective interventions for obese patients and prevention of psychopathological disorders.