Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Stigma has been suggested as a possible contributor to the high rates of treatment attrition in substance-dependent individuals, but no published empirical studies have examined this association.', 'The present paper assessed the relationship between baseline stigma variables and length of treatment stay in a sample of patients in a residential addictions treatment unit.', 'The relationship between baseline stigma variables (self-stigma, enacted stigma, and shame) and length of stay for participants (n=103) in a residential addictions treatment unit was examined.', 'Higher self-stigma predicted longer stay in residential addictions treatment, even after controlling for age, marital status, race, overall mental health, social support, enacted stigma, and internalized shame. However, other stigma variables (i.e. internalized shame, stigma-related rejection) did not reliably predict length of treatment stay.

Ex Output:
1


Ex Input:
In dialysis patients, volume overhydration is common and is related to increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, it remains unclear whether volume overload imposes those detrimental effects through endothelial dysfunction.', 'In this cross-sectional study, 81 stable patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in a single center were recruited. Volume status was evaluated by extracellular water, assessed by bioimpedance analysis, and normalized to individual height (nECW). Endothelial function was estimated by endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and expressed as percentage change relative to baseline diameter.', 'There were 37 male and 44 female patients (mean age 61 +/- 12 years, dialysis vintage 20 +/- 23 months). FMD in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients (9.17% +/- 6.23% vs 6.31% +/- 5.01%, p < 0.05). FMD was negatively correlated with weight (r = -0.308, p < 0.01), body mass index (r = -0.242, p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.228, p < 0.05), ECW (r = -0.404, p < 0.001), and nECW (r = -0.418, p < 0.001). No correlation was found between FMD and other variables. In multiple stepwise regression analysis, calcium x phosphate product (beta = 0.422, p < 0.001), nECW (beta = -0.343, p < 0.01), and dialysis vintage (beta = -0.237, p < 0.05) were independent determinants of FMD (adjusted R(2) = 0.327 for this model).

Ex Output:
1


Ex Input:
To date, studies with ingenol mebutate gel have used clinical clearance, not histological clearance, as a primary efficacy endpoint.', 'This phase I, multicentre, single-arm, open-label study sought to confirm histologically the clinical clearance of actinic keratoses (AKs) to support a treatment effect deep in the epidermis.', 'Patients (n = 108) aged ≥ 18 years with histologically confirmed AK within a 25-cm', 'The observed agreement rate between clinical and histological assessments of clearance of a single AK was 81·9% and the positive predictive value of a clinical assessment of clearance was 87%. Agreement between the two pathologists was 88%. The common composite 8-week complete clearance rate was 41% (95% confidence interval 32-50). Observed agreement rates between RCM and pathologist I and II assessments of clearance were 72·9% and 81·4%, respectively. Overall, 30 patients (27·8%) experienced 38 adverse events (AEs). Application-site pain (four patients, 3·7%) was the most common treatment-related AE inside the treatment area.

Ex Output:

1