Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a distressing disease associated with pruritus and sleep disturbance. Scratching due to pruritus is an important mechanism in the exacerbation of AD but is difficult to document in the home environment.', 'To evaluate whether nocturnal wrist activities, defined as average acceleration in the early hours of sleep, were correlated with components of the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index and various AD-associated chemokine markers.', 'Patients with AD aged under 18 years were recruited and the severity of eczema was assessed with the SCORAD index. Concentrations of plasma AD-associated chemokines [cutaneous T-cell attracting cytokine (CTACK); macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC); thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC)], interleukin (IL)-18, serum total IgE, and eosinophil counts were measured in these patients. Healthy children with noninflammatory and nonitchy skin conditions as well as healthy children of staff volunteers were recruited as controls. All children were instructed to wear the DigiTrac monitor on their dominant wrist before sleeping. The monitor was programmed to record limb motion between 22.00 and 08.00 h the following morning.', 'Twenty-four Chinese children with AD (mean +/- SD age 12.6 +/- 3.7 years) and 15 normal children (mean +/- SD age 11.9 +/- 3.4 years) were recruited. The median (interquartile range) SCORAD was 54.8 (32.8-70.2). Plasma concentrations in pg mL(-1) of CTACK, MDC, TARC and IL-18 in the patients were 105 (92-172), 1648 (973-4214), 258 (100-850) and 415 (304-539), respectively. When compared with controls, most wrist activities occurred at frequencies between 1 and 3 Hz. These activities were most consistent over the first 3 h of sleeping and correlated significantly with disease severity, extent, intensity, and AD-associated chemokine markers CTACK, MDC and TARC. However, there was no significant correlation between wrist activities and the subjective symptom of pruritus or sleep loss.
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Arteriogenesis represents the maturation of preformed vascular connections in response to flow changes and shear stress. These collateral vessels can restore up to 60% of the native blood flow. Shear stress and vascular injury can induce the release of nucleotides from vascular smooth muscle cells and platelets that can serve as signaling ligands, suggesting they may be involved in mediating arteriogenesis. The P2Y2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y2R) has also been shown to mediate smooth muscle migration and arterial remodeling. Thus, we hypothesize that P2Y2R mediates arteriogenesis in response to ischemia.', 'Hind limb ischemia was induced by femoral artery ligation (FAL) in C57Bl/6NJ or P2Y2R negative mice (P2Y2(-/-)). Hind limb perfusion was measured with laser Doppler perfusion imaging and compared with the sham-operated contralateral limb immediately and at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after ligation. Collateral vessel size was measured by Microfil casting. Muscle specimens were harvested and analyzed with immunohistochemistry for Ki67, vascular cell adhesion molecule, macrophages, and muscle viability by hematoxylin and essoin stain.', 'Hind limb ischemia induced by FAL in C57Bl/6NJ mice resulted in significant ischemia as measured by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. There was rapid recovery to nearly normal levels of perfusion by 2 weeks. FAL in P2Y2(-/-) mice resulted in severe ischemia with greater tissue loss. Recovery of perfusion was impaired, achieving only 40% compared with wild-type mice by 28 days. Collateral vessels in the P2Y2(-/-) mice were underdeveloped, with reduced vascular cell proliferation and smaller vessel size. The collaterals were ∼65% the size of wild-type collateral vessels (P = .011). Angiogenesis at 28 days in the ischemic muscle, however, was greater in the P2Y2(-/-) mice (P < .001), possibly related to persistent ischemia leading and angiogenic drive. Early macrophage recruitment was reduced by nearly 70% in P2Y2(-/-) despite significantly more myocyte necrosis. However, inflammation was greater at 28 days in the P2Y2(-/-) mice.
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This study was carried out to examine decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) expression and investigate its clinical and prognostic significance in patients with pancreatic head carcinoma.', 'Tissue samples were obtained from 50 patients with pancreatic head carcinoma. DcR3 protein expression in tissues and sera was assessed by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Correlations between DcR3 and clinicopathologic features and prognoses were analyzed statistically.', 'Serum DcR3 levels were significantly elevated in patients with pancreatic head carcinoma compared with patients with cystadenoma and healthy individuals (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). DcR3 overexpression correlated with lymph node metastases and TNM stages (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Median overall survival for the high DcR3 group was 16.3 months, compared to 21.6 months for the low DcR3 group (P < 0.05). In the low DcR3 group, no significant difference was found in the overall survival between patients who underwent standard pancreatoduodenectomy (SPD) and those who had radical pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) (P > 0.05). In the high DcR3 group, the median overall survival rates were 16.8 months in the RPD group and 13.5 months in the SPD group (P < 0.05).

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