In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

During this dynasty, painting and sculpture flourished, as seen in the production of its famous eponymous horses. Buddhism was suppressed and monasteries dissolved during the Hu-chiang period, while its greatest territorial expansions occurred under Hsuan Tsung, whose ambitions were finally checked by the Arabs at the Talas River. Great decline occurred after the An Lu-Shan rebellion, which served as subject material for its great poets, including Tu Fu and Li Po. FTP, what was this 618-907 Chinese dynasty whose name is now associated with astronauts
History

In 1999, McIlroy created an adversary for this algorithm that guarantees that it will run in worst-case time. Its worst-case runtime can be avoided by switching to heapsort after a certain recursion depth, a construction known as introsort. Like mergesort, it is easily parallelizable, and its runtime can be decreased by first selecting the median of the unsorted input list. It was invented by C.A.R. Hoare, and its second phase is the partition function, which splits the original list into lists of elements that are greater or less than the chosen pivot value. For 10 points, identify this divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm which runs in big O of n log n time, named for its speed.
Science

One of these phenomena almost caused the destruction of the Aeta people and Clark Air Base, while a recent one in the United States was classified as Pelean. Lake Toba was formed by one of these actions and tuya form when this action occurs beneath a glacier. In February 2001, the most severe recorded instance of this action in the solar system took place on [*] Io. These actions produce tephra, which can be classified as blocks, bombs, or lapilli, and they can form calderas and pyroclastic flows. For 10 points, name these lava-spewing actions performed by explosive mountains like Vesuvius and Mt. St. Helens, one of which caused the burial of Pompeii.

History