Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[EX Q]: Cardiac rupture is a catastrophic complication that occurs after acute myocardial infarction (MI) and, at present, there are no effective pharmacological strategies for preventing this condition. Here we investigated the effect of the angiotensin II receptor blocker olmesartan (Olm) on post-infarct cardiac rupture and its underlying mechanisms of action.', 'C57Bl/6 mice with MI were treated with Olm, aldosterone (Aldo) or vehicle. Cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to normoxia or anoxia and treated with angiotensin II (Ang II), RNH6270 (active ingredient of Olm) or Aldo.', 'The mortality rate and incidence of cardiac rupture in MI mice during the first week in the Olm-treated group were significantly lower than in the vehicle-treated group. Olm or RNH6270 reduced myeloperoxidase staining in the infarcted myocardium, decreased apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, as assessed by Hoechst staining and TUNEL assay, attenuated the accumulation of p53 and phosphorylated p53 and cleaved caspase 3 induced by MI or Ang II, as assessed by Western blotting, and up-regulated growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15). In cultured cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, treatment with Ang II, Aldo or anoxia significantly down-regulated the expression of GDF-15.
[EX A]: Does olmesartan prevent cardiac rupture in mice with myocardial infarction by modulating growth differentiation factor 15 and p53?

[EX Q]: To determine the origin of the neoplastic cell in central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas in von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) and its role in tumor formation and distribution, we characterized and differentiated neoplastic cells from hemangioblastomas removed from VHL patients.', 'A total of 31 CNS hemangioblastomas from 25 VHL patients were resected and analyzed. Tumor cells from the hemangioblastomas were characterized, grown, and differentiated into multiple lineages. Resected hemangioblastomas were located in the cerebellum (11 tumors), brainstem (five tumors), and spinal cord (15 tumors). Consistent with an embryologically derived hemangioblast, the neoplastic cells demonstrated coexpression of the mesodermal markers brachyury, Flk-1 (vascular endothelial growth factor-2), and stem cell leukemia (Scl). The neoplastic cells also expressed hematopoietic stem cell antigens and receptors including CD133, CD34, c-kit, Scl, erythropoietin, and erythropoietin receptor. Under specific microenvironments, neoplastic cells (hemangioblasts) were expanded and differentiated into erythrocytic, granulocytic, and endothelial progenitors. Deletion of the wild-type VHL allele in the hematopoietic and endothelial progeny confirmed their neoplastic origin.
[EX A]: Are von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated hemangioblastomas derived from embryologic multipotent cells?

[EX Q]: Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a complex mechanism involving several mediators, and different hemodynamic forces. Temporally distinct FMD patterns can be elicited by ischemic stimulus. Some subjects dilate early after cuff release, while others dilate later or do not dilate at all. Aim of the present research was to verify if hemorheological and hemodynamic factors might influence different FMD pattern.', '148 free-living subjects were studied. FMD was measured at 50 s, 2 min and 3 min. Blood viscosity was measured and shear stress calculated. Shear stress stimulus was quantified as the area under the curve after ischemia (SSAUC) over the first 40-s post-occlusion.', 'Based on the timing or absence of arterial dilation, 82 subjects were classified as Early dilators, 37 as Late dilators and 29 as No dilators. Peak FMD was 7.9 ± 4.3 % in Early dilators, and 9.1 ± 5.7 in Late dilators (p = NS). SSAUC was not significantly different among three groups, while blood viscosity was significantly higher in Late FMD subjects. Regression analyses showed the independent predictive role of age and blood viscosity on FMD patterns, and the lack of any association between FMD pattern and the magnitude of SS.
[EX A]:
Does blood viscosity but not shear stress associate with delayed flow-mediated dilation?