instruction:
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
question:
A failed naval expedition led by this country's Blanco Encalada resulted in the 1837 Treaty of Paucarpata, while its 1925 Constitution began its Presidential Republic period. This modern day country was captured in a campaign led by Pedro de Valdivia; that campaign saw fighting against its native Araucanian or Mapuche Indians. This country's Patria Vieja period of independence was ended at the Disaster of Rancagua. Its independence campaign was led by men like the Carrera Brothers and Bernardo O'Higgins, and the 19th century saw the flourishing of its free port Valparaiso. For 10 points, name this South American country led in the 20th century by Salvador Allende and Augusto Pinochet.
answer:
History


question:
A territory invaded during this war asked to borrow gunpowder to salute a ship that had come to conquer it. One island invaded in this war had been overseen by the "Butcher" Weyler. An admiral in this war stated "You may (*) fire when you are ready," prior to beginning the Battle of Manila Bay. One battle in this "splendid little war" saw San Juan Hill charged upon by the Rough Riders and Teddy Roosevelt. Hearst's and Pulitzer's yellow journalism as well as the explosion of the USS Maine helped instigate this war. For 10 points, name this war which led to the capture of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Cuba by the United States.
answer:
History


question:
This thinker summed up this ethics by writing "what is good is also divine" in a collection of personal notes. One of his works notes that philosophy's goal is to clarify and to critique. Another of his works asserts that the purpose of one field of study is to decompose statements into atomic propositions. He structured his first major work around seven basic propositions, the first being that "the (*) world is everything that is the case." He later criticized this work for being too dogmatic in one that discussed family resemblances and language games while rejecting the idea of private language. For 10 points, name this linguistic philosopher and logician who wrote Philosophical Investigations and Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
answer:

Social Science