In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[EX Q]: In this work, a definition of justice as "what is good for the stronger" is given by Thrasymachus. In this work, a story about the killer of King Candaules of Lydia is used to describe how people are just out of necessity. That story in this work tells of the [*] "Ring of Gyges." This work describes chained prisoners who watch shadows pass before them. This work combines ideas about the "divided line" and the sun into its "Allegory of the Cave." For 10 points, name this work that proposes a government ruled by philosopher kings, a dialogue on government by Plato.
[EX A]: Literature

[EX Q]: It is equal to the enthalpy change minus the temperature times the entropy change. Under standard conditions, it is also equal to negative R T times the natural log of K, where R is the gas law constant, T is the absolute temperature, and K is the equilibrium constant for the reaction; thus a high negative value indicates a forward-going reaction. FTP, identify this quantity, named for a Yale chemist, which is a measure of the spontaneity of a reaction.
[EX A]: Science

[EX Q]: This quantity is multiplied by the speed of light in the denominator of the Compton wavelength. The difference of this quantity's unbound and measured quantities is its "defect. " The implied asymptotic increase of this property with speed makes faster-than-light travel impossible. In general relativity, the presence of this property causes spacetime to curve. The Higgs boson might impart this property to matter. Einstein equated it with energy and the speed of light squared. For 10 points, name this quantity which, when multiplied by acceleration, gives force.
[EX A]:
Science