In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Context: To ascertain the predictive role of longitudinally acquired biochemical measures of cartilage turnover in relation to X-ray defined knee osteoarthritis (OAK), knee pain and functioning.', "This is a feasibility study based on 72 enrollees of the Michigan site of Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a longitudinal, population-based cohort study with 11 annual visits to characterize health at the mid-life. At visits in 1996, 1998 and 2007, radiographs were evaluated for the presence of OAK [>or=2 on the Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) scale]. Knee pain and stiffness were assessed by interview. Functioning was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and Type II collagen telopeptides (CTX-II) were assayed in serum and urine samples collected on alternate years from 1997 to 2006. We related trajectories of the cartilage biochemical markers from these five time points to OAK severity (no OAK, K-L score<2; mild OAK, K-L score=2; moderate/severe OAK, K-L score=3 or 4), pain, stiffness, or functioning, using longitudinal non-linear mixed modeling.", 'The 2007 prevalence of X-ray defined OAK was 50% in these 72 women. Upward trajectories of COMP (P=0.02) and CTX-II (P=0.006) were associated with increased OAK severity and body size. COMP trajectories were associated with pain and stiffness, but not functioning. CTX-II trajectories were associated with stiffness scores, but not knee pain or functioning scores.\Question: Do longitudinal changes of serum COMP and urinary CTX-II predict X-ray defined knee osteoarthritis severity and stiffness in women?
Multiple, biennial measures of COMP or CTX-II taken over a 10-year period were predictive of subsequent OAK and knee stiffness.

Context: CTLA4IgG that binds to B7 effectively inhibits the signaling of CD28/B7 pathway and induces antigen-specific T-cell unresponsiveness in vitro and in vivo. We examined whether the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine heterotopic airway transplantation model is T cell dependent and whether CTLA4IgG abrogates the development of obliterative bronchiolitis.', 'Tracheae with main bronchi from C3H/He (H2k), BALB/C (H2d), or C57BL/6 (H2b) mice were transplanted heterotopically into subcutaneous pockets on the backs of BALB/C or BALB/C nu/nu mice on day 0. Recipient mice were untreated or intraperitoneally treated with either CTLA4IgG or human IgG with different time and dose schedules.', 'The development of obliterative bronchiolitis, which leads to luminal obliteration by fibrous tissue in a murine heterotopic airway transplantation model, was T cell dependent and the development of obliterative bronchiolitis was significantly abrogated by the CTLA4IgG treatment. However, the normal ciliated columnar respiratory epithelial cells in allografts were lost and replaced by flattened attenuated epithelial cells even after the CTLA4IgG treatment. We further demonstrated that CTLA4IgG treatment did not result in the induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness.\Question: Does blocking the CD28-B7 T-cell costimulatory pathway abrogate the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine heterotopic airway model?
We demonstrated that the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine heterotopic airway model involves both CD28/B7-dependent and -independent processes. The luminal obliteration by fibrous tissue is clearly CD28/B7 dependent and can be inhibited by CTLA4IgG. The luminal obliteration of allografted trachea by fibrous tissues and the loss of ciliated columnar respiratory epithelial cells represent distinct disease processes.

Context: To investigate the efficiency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of Aspergillus fumigatus by using pyrG as a recessive selectable marker.', 'FAP1 and SHO1 genes target sequences, composed of a selectable marker pyrG and the flanking sequences of the FAP1 and the SHO1 genes, were cloned into a binary plasmid pDHt/sk, respectively. The produced plasmids were transformed into A. tumefaciens. The A. tumefaciens and uracil auxotroph A. fumigatus were cocultured in induction medium without uricil and uridine at 24 degrees C for 48 h. To inhibit growth of A. tumefaciens and to select transformants, the cultures were transferred to 37 degrees C and incubated for another 48 h.', 'In this study, A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation of A. fumigatus produced high homologous recombination rates, which was 44% (7 of 16) for FAP1 and 35% (7 of 20) for SHO1.\Question: Is [ Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of uracil auxotroph Aspergillus fumigatus an efficient method for target gene knockout ]?

Our study showed that A. tumefaciens-medidated transformation by using pyrG as a recessive selectable marker is an efficient tool for target gene deletion of A. fumigatus.