TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: The reaction of this molecule with oxalyl chloride was the subject of pioneering photochemical work by Kharasch and Brown. Hassel's study of this molecule yielded its molecular structure and his 1943 paper "On The Conformations" of it elucidated those for the first time. Reacting it with pure oxygen forms adipic acid, which is used in the production of nylon. Its strain energy-bond angle curve has minima at twenty-three kilojoules per mole and maxima at forty-five kilojoules per mole, the former corresponding to the skew configuration, but its stable configuration is non-planar with a bond angle of about one hundred nine point five degrees. FTP, name this molecule having conformations twist, boat, and chair; a cyclic alkane with formula C6H12.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: This compound promotes the dephosphorylation and activation of enzyme HMG-CoA to favor cholesterol synthesis and a phenylalanine for leucine substitution at residue B25 results in its "Chicago" variety. Its biosynthesis involves an excision of the C-peptide, and the compound functions by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors on cell surfaces. Sanger's improvement upon the methods of Edman degradation involved its sequencing, and its production occurs primarily in beta cells on the islets of langerhans. For ten points, name this pancreatic counterpart of glucagon used to regulate blood sugar, deficiencies of which are found in sufferers of diabetes.  

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: This man's first cabinet post was as President of the Board of Trade, where he instituted his country's first minimum wage. Late in his life, he concentrated on writing a History of the English-Speaking Peoples. He was disgraced when he counseled his friend Edward VIII during the Abdication Crisis. This attendant of the Yalta Conference gave the "finest hour" speech. He replaced the signer of the Munich Pact, Neville Chamberlain, in his highest post, in which capacity he oversaw the Battle of Britain. For 10 points, name this Prime Minister of the UK during World War II.

SOLUTION:
History