In this task your given two statements. You must judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label the instances as "cause" or "effect" based on your judgment. The sentences are separated by a newline character.

Q: The client approved the architect's plans for the building.
The architect constructed the building.

A: effect
****
Q: The woman had rings under her eyes.
She stayed up all night.

A: cause
****
Q: The woman bumped into the sofa.
She bruised her knee.

A:
effect
****