instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Wind Energy Research and Development 
Act of 2009''.

SEC. 2. WIND ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall carry out a program 
of research and development to--
            (1) improve the energy efficiency, reliability, and 
        capacity of wind turbines;
            (2) optimize the design and adaptability of wind energy 
        systems to the broadest practical range of atmospheric 
        conditions; and
            (3) reduce the cost of construction, generation, and 
        maintenance of wind energy systems.
    (b) Program.--The program under this section shall focus on 
research and development of--
            (1) new materials and designs to make larger, lighter, less 
        expensive, and more reliable rotor blades;
            (2) technologies to improve gearbox performance and 
        reliability;
            (3) automation, materials, and assembly of large-scale 
        components to reduce manufacturing costs;
            (4) low-cost transportable towers greater than 100 meters 
        in height to capitalize on improved wind conditions at higher 
        elevations;
            (5) advanced computational modeling tools to improve--
                    (A) the reliability of aeroelastic simulations of 
                wind energy systems;
                    (B) understanding of the interaction between each 
                wind turbine component;
                    (C) siting of wind energy systems to maximize 
                efficiency and minimize variable generation;
                    (D) integration of wind energy systems into the 
                existing electric grid to ensure reliability; and
                    (E) understanding of the wake effect between upwind 
                and downwind turbine operations;
            (6) advanced control systems and blade sensors to improve 
        performance and reliability under a wide variety of wind 
        conditions;
            (7) advanced generators, including--
                    (A) medium-speed and low-speed generators;
                    (B) direct-drive technology; and
                    (C) the use of advanced magnets in generator 
                rotors;
            (8) wind technology for offshore applications;
            (9) methods to assess and mitigate the effects of wind 
        energy systems on radar and electromagnetic fields;
            (10) wind turbines with a maximum electric power production 
        capacity of 100 kilowatts or less;
            (11) technical processes to enable--
                    (A) scalability of transmission from remotely 
                located renewable resource rich areas; and
                    (B) optimization of advanced infrastructure design, 
                including high voltage transmission; and
            (12) other research areas as determined by the Secretary.

SEC. 3. WIND ENERGY DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall conduct a wind 
energy demonstration program. In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall ensure that--
            (1) the program is of sufficient size and geographic 
        diversity to measure wind energy system performance under the 
        full productive range of wind conditions in the United States;
            (2) demonstration projects carried out under this program 
        are--
                    (A) conducted in collaboration with industry and, 
                as appropriate, with academic institutions; and
                    (B) located in various geographic areas 
                representing various wind class regimes; and
            (3) data collected from demonstration projects carried out 
        under this program is useful for carrying out section 2(b).
    (b) Cost-Sharing.--The Secretary shall carry out the program under 
this section in compliance with section 988(a) through (d) and section 
989 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16352(a) through (d) 
and 16353).

SEC. 4. EQUAL OPPORTUNITY.

    In carrying out this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall--
            (1) coordinate with the Office of Minority Economic Impact 
        and with the Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
        Utilization; and
            (2) provide special consideration to applications submitted 
        by institutions, businesses, or entities containing majority 
        representation by individuals identified in section 33 or 34 of 
        the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 
        1885a or 1885b).

SEC. 5. COMPETITIVE AWARDS.

    Awards under section 2 and section 3 shall be made on a competitive 
basis with an emphasis on technical merit.

SEC. 6. COORDINATION AND NONDUPLICATION.

    To the maximum extent practicable the Secretary of Energy shall 
coordinate activities under this Act with other programs of the 
Department of Energy and other Federal research programs.

SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy 
to carry out this Act $200,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2010 
through 2014.

            Passed the House of Representatives September 9, 2009.

            Attest:

                                            LORRAINE C. MILLER,

                                                                 Clerk.
answer:
Wind Energy Research and Development Act of 2009 - Directs the Secretary of Energy to carry out a research and development program to: (1) improve the energy efficiency, reliability, and capacity of wind turbines; (2) optimize the design and adaptability of wind energy systems to the broadest practical range of atmospheric conditions; and (3) reduce the cost of construction, generation, and maintenance of such systems.





Directs the Secretary to conduct a wind energy demonstration program to measure wind energy system performance under the full productive range of wind conditions in the United States.

Requires awards under such programs to be made on a competitive basis with an emphasis on technical merit.

Requires the Secretary, in carrying out this Act, to: (1) coordinate with the Office of Minority Economic Impact and with the Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; and (2) provide special consideration to applications submitted by institutions, businesses, or entities containing majority representation of women, minorities, or persons with disabilities in science and engineering.

Authorizes appropriations.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Graduation Really Achieves Dreams 
Act'' or the ``GRAD Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The national high school graduation rate is only 70 
        percent, and in urban districts that percentage drops further 
        to only 50 percent.
            (2) The national graduation rate for the class of 2001 was 
        only 51 percent for African Americans and 52 percent for Latino 
        students.
            (3) Each school day, approximately 3,000 secondary school 
        students drop out of school.
            (4) Six million secondary students who make up the lowest 
        25 percent in terms of achievement scores are 3.5 times more 
        likely to drop out than students in the next highest quarter of 
        academic achievement, and are 20 times more likely to drop out 
        than high achieving students.
            (5) Approximately 25 percent of secondary school students 
        are reading at ``below basic'' levels. The problem is even more 
        severe for poor students of color. The average minority or low-
        income ninth grader performs at only the fifth or sixth grade 
        level in reading.
            (6) Low graduation rates are evidence that, in the earlier 
        grades, schools are not meeting the fundamental achievement 
        needs of low-income students.
            (7) Even those students who do graduate from secondary 
        schools and go on to college are struggling because they lack 
        the basic skills to succeed. Approximately 40 percent of all 4-
        year college students take a remedial course and 63 percent of 
        all community college students are assigned to at least one 
        remedial course.
            (8) A small percentage of low-income students who manage to 
        enter college are able to complete a degree. Of students from 
        families in the bottom 20 percent in terms of income who enter 
        college, only 27 percent go on to complete a two- or four-year 
        college degree within eight years.
            (9) Graduation rates impact early drop-out rates in the 
        military. The attrition rates of both non-high school graduates 
        and GED recipients are 8 percentage points higher than the 
        rates of graduates. As a result, the Armed Services no longer 
        accepts high school drop-outs and put less value on alternative 
        certificates.
            (10) Students who fail to graduate from high school are 
        more likely to engage in criminal activity than students who 
        graduate. A one percent increase in high school graduation 
        rates would save approximately $1.4 billion in costs associated 
        with incarceration, or about $2,100 for each male high school 
        graduate.
            (11) In today's workplace, nearly 8 in 10 adults with 
        bachelors degrees are employed, but for those who completed 
        high school only, the figure falls to about 6 in 10. And for 
        students who dropped out, the figure drops further to 4 in 10.
            (12) Employment projections indicate that jobs requiring 
        only a high school degree will grow by just 9 percent by the 
        year 2008, while those requiring a bachelor's degree will grow 
        by 25 percent and those requiring an associate's degree will 
        grow by 31 percent.
            (13) Personalization of the school environment has been 
        proven to increase success rates for low-performing secondary 
        school students. Nearly 50 percent of middle school youth and 
        40 percent of high school youth report feelings of 
        disengagement from school. Rates are even higher for teens and 
        minorities in urban schools. These feelings result in failure 
        to work hard, to seek assistance, or to take appropriate 
        courses.
            (14) Effective research-based education programs that 
        improve high school graduation rates are comprehensive in 
        nature and include interventions that begin in kindergarten and 
        span all the grades through 12th.

SEC. 3. PROJECT GRAD.

    (a) Purpose.--The purpose of the program authorized under this Act 
is--
            (1) to provide support and assistance to programs 
        implementing integrated education reform services to improve 
        high school graduation and college going rates for 
        disadvantaged students; and
            (2) to promote the establishment of new programs to 
        implement such integrated education reform services.
    (b) Grant Authorized.--The Secretary is authorized to award a grant 
to Project GRAD USA, a nonprofit educational organization that has as 
its primary purpose the improvement of high school graduation and 
college going rates for disadvantaged students (hereinafter in this 
section referred to as the ``grantee''), to provide support and 
technical assistance to existing programs implementing the set of 
integrated education reform services described in subsection (d)(2) and 
to promote the expansion of such programs.
    (c) Requirements of Grant Agreement.--The Secretary shall enter 
into an agreement with the grantee that requires that--
            (1) the grantee will enter into subcontracts with nonprofit 
        educational organizations (hereinafter in this section referred 
        to as ``subgrantees'') under which the subgrantees will agree 
        to establish, operate, and provide the non-Federal share of the 
        cost of implementing Project GRAD programs;
            (2) the grantee will provide such technical assistance to 
        the subgrantees as may be necessary to carry out the provisions 
        of this section;
            (3) funds made available under the grant can be used to pay 
        the Federal share of the cost of establishing and operating 
        programs as provided in paragraph (1) and costs associated with 
        the provision of technical assistance as provided in paragraph 
        (2); and
            (4) the grantee will select only subgrantees that serve a 
        substantial number or percentage of low-income students.
    (d) Supported Programs.--
            (1) Designation; feeder patterns.--The programs supported 
        with funds available under this section shall be known as 
        ``Project GRAD programs''. Such programs shall, with the 
        agreement of the grantee, identify one or more groups of public 
        schools at which services will be provided through establishing 
        a ``feeder pattern'' through which elementary and secondary 
        schools channel students having participated in Project GRAD 
        services into an identified high school.
            (2) Integrated education reform services.--The services 
        provided through project GRAD programs shall include--
                    (A) research-based programs in reading, 
                mathematics, and classroom management;
                    (B) campus-based social services programs including 
                a systematic approach to increase family and community 
                involvement in the schools served;
                    (C) a college access program, which includes the 
                provision of a college scholarship for students that 
                meet established criteria, proven approaches to 
                increasing student and family college awareness, and 
                assistance for those students in applying to college 
                for financial aid; and
                    (D) such other services identified by the grantee 
                as necessary to increase high school graduation and 
                college going rates.
    (e) Use of Funds.--Not less than 75 percent of the funds received 
by the grantee under this section shall be used to fund awards to 
subgrantees to carry out the requirements of subsection (d)(1). The 
balance of such funds shall be used by grantee to carry out the 
requirements of subsection (d)(2), as well as other such activities to 
promote greater public awareness of integrated education reform 
services to improve high school graduation and college going rates for 
disadvantaged students as described in subsection (d)(2).
    (f) Federal Share.--
            (1) In general.--For purposes of subsection (c), the term 
        ``Federal share'' means, with respect to the costs of Project 
        GRAD programs authorized in subsection (c), subgrants provided 
        by the grantee averaging $200 per pupil, adjusted to take into 
        consideration the resources available to the school at which 
        the subgrantee will implement the program, and the need for 
        Project GRAD USA services to improve student outcomes.
            (2) Exception.--Nothing in this subsection shall preclude 
        the awarding of subgrants reflecting a per student cost of more 
        than $200 if the grantee determines that additional resources 
        were not available consistent with the requirements placed on 
        the grantee in subsection (c)(4).
            (3) More may be required.--If funds or resources are 
        available to a subgrantee, the grantee may elect to award the 
        subgrantee less than the Federal share of the cost associated 
        with the program.
    (g) Evaluation.--
            (1) Evaluation by the secretary.--The Secretary shall 
        select an independent entity to evaluate every 3 years the 
        performance of students who participate in a program under this 
        section. The evaluation shall be contracted using the strongest 
        possible research design for determining the effectiveness of 
        programs funded under this section. The evaluation shall 
        include a comparison of reading and mathematics achievement 
        and, where applicable, high school graduation, college going, 
        and college completion rates of students who participate in the 
        programs funded under this section with those indicators for 
        students of similar backgrounds who do not participate in such 
        programs.
            (2) Evaluation by grantee and subgrantees.--The grantee 
        shall require each subgrantee to prepare an in-depth report of 
        the results of the programs supported with funds, and the use 
        of funds, made available under this section. Such review shall 
        include data on the reading and math achievement of students 
        involved in the programs and statistics on high school 
        graduation, college going, and college completion rates, and 
        such financial reporting as deemed relevant to review the 
        effectiveness and efficiency of the program. The report shall 
        be in a form and include such content as shall be determined by 
        the grantee in consultation with the Secretary or the entity 
        selected by the Secretary to evaluate the Project GRAD program.
            (3) Availability of evaluations.--Copies of any evaluation 
        or report prepared pursuant to this section shall be available 
        to the Secretary and the Chairman and ranking member of the 
        Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor 
        and Pensions of the Senate.
    (h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to make grants under this section $27,000,000 for fiscal 
year 2005 and such sums as may be necessary for each of the 5 
succeeding fiscal years.
    (i) Low-Income Student.--For purposes of this section, the term 
``low-income student'' means a student who is determined by a local 
educational agency to be from a low-income family using the measures 
described in section 1113(c) of the Elementary and Secondary Education 
Act of 1965.
answer:
Graduation Really Achieves Dreams Act - GRAD Act - Authorizes a grant to Project GRAD USA, a nonprofit educational organization for improving high school graduation and college-going rates for disadvantaged students, to provide technical assistance and support through subgrants to existing and new programs that implement a set of integrated education reform services.

Requires the grantee to select only subgrantees that serve a substantial number or percentage of low-income students. Requires the programs to identify one or more groups of public schools at which services will be provided through a feeder pattern through which elementary and secondary schools channel students having participated in program services into an identified high school. Requires program services to include: (1) research-based programs in reading, mathematics, and classroom management; (2) campus-based social services programs, including increasing family and community involvement in schools; (3) a college access program, including providing college scholarships for students who meet established criteria, increasing student and family college awareness, and assisting students to apply for college financial aid; and (4) other services the grantee identifies as necessary.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Go Pack Go Act of 2018''.

SEC. 2. CARRIAGE OF NETWORK STATION SIGNALS IN CERTAIN COUNTIES.

    (a) In General.--Part I of title III of the Communications Act of 
1934 (47 U.S.C. 301 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``SEC. 344. CARRIAGE OF NETWORK STATION SIGNALS IN CERTAIN COUNTIES.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section--
            ``(1) the term `cable operator' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 602;
            ``(2) the terms `covered county' and `in-State, adjacent-
        market network station retransmission' have the meanings given 
        those terms in section 119(d) of title 17, United States Code, 
        except that, in the case of a cable operator, any reference to 
        a satellite carrier or a subscriber of a satellite carrier 
        shall be considered to be a reference to a cable operator or a 
        subscriber of a cable operator, respectively;
            ``(3) the term `local market' has the meaning given the 
        term in section 122(j) of title 17, United States Code;
            ``(4) the term `local network station' means, with respect 
        to a subscriber and a television network, the network station--
                    ``(A) that is affiliated with the television 
                network; and
                    ``(B) within the local market of which the 
                subscriber is located; and
            ``(5) the terms `network station' and `satellite carrier' 
        have the meanings given those terms in section 119(d) of title 
        17, United States Code.
    ``(b) Subscriber Election.--A cable operator or satellite carrier 
shall, at the election of a subscriber in a covered county with respect 
to a television network, provide to the subscriber--
            ``(1) retransmission of the signal of any local network 
        station that the operator or carrier is required to retransmit 
        to the subscriber without regard to this section;
            ``(2) an in-State, adjacent-market network station 
        retransmission; or
            ``(3) both retransmissions described in paragraphs (1) and 
        (2).
    ``(c) Relationship to Local Signal Carriage Requirements.--If a 
subscriber elects to receive only an in-State, adjacent-market network 
station retransmission under subsection (b)--
            ``(1) the provision of that retransmission to the 
        subscriber shall be deemed to fulfill any obligation of the 
        cable operator or satellite carrier to provide to the 
        subscriber the signal of a local network station under section 
        338, 614, or 615; and
            ``(2) in the case of a satellite carrier that has been 
        recognized as a qualified carrier under section 119(g) of title 
        17, United States Code, the provision of that retransmission 
        instead of the signal of a local network station shall not 
        affect the status of the satellite carrier as a qualified 
        carrier for purposes of that section and section 342 of this 
        Act.
    ``(d) Requirement Subject to Technical Feasibility for Satellite 
Carriers.--A satellite carrier shall be required to provide a 
retransmission under subsection (b) only to the extent that such 
provision is technically feasible, as determined by the Commission.
    ``(e) Treatment of In-State, Adjacent-Market Network Station 
Retransmissions by Cable Operators.--
            ``(1) Retransmission consent exception.--Section 325(b) 
        shall not apply to an in-State, adjacent-market network station 
        retransmission by a cable operator to a subscriber residing in 
        a covered county.
            ``(2) Deemed significantly viewed.--In the case of an in-
        State, adjacent-market network station retransmission by a 
        cable operator to a subscriber residing in a covered county, 
        the signal of the station shall be deemed to be significantly 
        viewed in that county within the meaning of section 76.54 of 
        title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor 
        regulation.''.
    (b) Treatment of In-State, Adjacent-Market Network Station 
Retransmissions by Satellite Carriers.--Section 339 of the 
Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 339) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by adding at the end the 
                following: ``In-State, adjacent-market network station 
                retransmissions to subscribers residing in covered 
                counties shall not count toward the limit set forth in 
                this subparagraph.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(I) In-state, adjacent-market network station 
                retransmissions.--Nothing in this paragraph shall apply 
                to or affect in-State, adjacent-market network station 
                retransmissions to subscribers residing in covered 
                counties.''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (5) as 
                paragraphs (3) through (7), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting before paragraph (3), as so 
                redesignated, the following:
            ``(1) Covered county.--The term `covered county' has the 
        meaning given the term in section 119(d) of title 17, United 
        States Code.
            ``(2) In-state, adjacent-market network station 
        retransmission.--The term `in-State, adjacent-market network 
        station retransmission' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 119(d) of title 17, United States Code.''.
    (c) No Effect on Ability To Receive Significantly Viewed Signals.--
Section 340(b)(3) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
340(b)(3)) is amended by inserting before the period at the end the 
following: ``or to a subscriber who elects under section 344(b), with 
respect to the network with which the station whose signal is being 
retransmitted pursuant to this section is affiliated, to receive an in-
State, adjacent-market network station retransmission (as defined in 
section 119(d) of title 17, United States Code) instead of the signal 
of a local network station (as defined in section 344)''.

SEC. 3. AVAILABILITY OF COPYRIGHT LICENSE.

    (a) Secondary Transmissions of Distant Television Programming by 
Satellite.--Section 119 of title 17, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)(B)(i), by adding at the end 
                the following: ``In-State, adjacent-market network 
                station retransmissions to subscribers residing in 
                covered counties shall not count toward the limit set 
                forth in this clause.''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3), by adding at the end the 
                following:
                    ``(G) In-state, adjacent-market network station 
                retransmissions.--Nothing in this paragraph shall apply 
                to or affect in-State, adjacent-market network station 
                retransmissions to subscribers residing in covered 
                counties.''; and
            (2) in subsection (d)--
                    (A) in paragraph (10)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``; 
                        or'' and inserting a semicolon;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; or''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(F) with respect to an in-State, adjacent-market 
                network station retransmission, is a subscriber 
                residing in a covered county.''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(16) In-state, adjacent-market network station 
        retransmission.--The term `in-State, adjacent-market network 
        station retransmission' means the secondary transmission by a 
        satellite carrier of the primary transmission of any network 
        station whose community of license is located--
                    ``(A) in a subscriber's State; and
                    ``(B) in a local market that is adjacent to the 
                subscriber's local market.
            ``(17) Covered county.--The term `covered county' means, 
        with respect to an in-State, adjacent-market network station 
        retransmission to a subscriber, any county to which both of the 
        following apply:
                    ``(A) The county is one of the following counties 
                in the State of Wisconsin: Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, 
                Burnett, Douglas, Dunn, Florence, Iron, Pierce, Polk, 
                Sawyer, St. Croix, or Washburn.
                    ``(B) The county is not in the local market of any 
                television broadcast station--
                            ``(i) that is affiliated with the same 
                        network; and
                            ``(ii) whose community of license is 
                        located in the subscriber's State.''.
    (b) Secondary Transmissions of Local Television Programming by 
Satellite.--Section 122(a) of title 17, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting after ``under 
        paragraph (1)'' the following: ``(or in-State, adjacent-market 
        network station retransmissions instead of secondary 
        transmissions under that paragraph, in accordance with an 
        election under section 344(b) of the Communications Act of 
        1934)''; and
            (2) in paragraph (3)(A), by inserting after ``under 
        paragraph (1)'' the following: ``(or in-State, adjacent-market 
        network station retransmissions instead of secondary 
        transmissions under that paragraph, in accordance with an 
        election under section 344(b) of the Communications Act of 
        1934)''.
answer:

Go Pack Go Act of 2018 This bill amends the Communications Act of 1934 to require a cable operator or satellite carrier to provide certain subscribers in specified Wisconsin counties who elect to receive a television network: (1) retransmission of the signal of any local network station that the operator or carrier is required to retransmit to the subscriber; (2) an in-state, adjacent-market network station retransmission; or (3) both retransmissions. A satellite carrier shall be required to provide a retransmission only to the extent that it is technically feasible. The bill defines &quot;in-state, adjacent-market network station retransmission&quot; as the secondary transmission by a satellite carrier of the primary transmission of any network station whose community of license is located in a subscriber's state and in a local market that is adjacent to the subscriber's local market. This bill shall apply to such an in-state, adjacent-market network station retransmission to a subscriber, to specified Wisconsin counties (i.e., Ashland, Barron, Bayfield, Burnett, Douglas, Dunn, Florence, Iron, Pierce, Polk, Sawyer, St. Croix, or Washburn) that are not in the local market of any television broadcast station that is affiliated with the same network and whose community of license is located in the subscriber's state. The bill exempts in-state, adjacent-market network station retransmissions in such counties from: (1) retransmission consent requirements that prohibit cable operators from retransmitting broadcast stations without the authority of the originating station, and (2) statutory licensing limitations under federal copyright laws concerning satellite retransmissions to unserved households and secondary transmissions of distant signals.