instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: To systematically review methodological articles which focus on nonpublication of studies and to describe methods of detecting and/or quantifying and/or adjusting for dissemination in meta-analyses. To evaluate whether the methods have been applied to an empirical data set for which one can be reasonably confident that all studies conducted have been included.', 'We systematically searched Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, for methodological articles that describe at least one method of detecting and/or quantifying and/or adjusting for dissemination bias in meta-analyses.', 'The literature search retrieved 2,224 records, of which we finally included 150 full-text articles. A great variety of methods to detect, quantify, or adjust for dissemination bias were described. Methods included graphical methods mainly based on funnel plot approaches, statistical methods, such as regression tests, selection models, sensitivity analyses, and a great number of more recent statistical approaches. Only few methods have been validated in empirical evaluations using unpublished studies obtained from regulators (Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency).\Question: Are methods for detecting , quantifying , and adjusting for dissemination bias in meta-analysis described?
answer:
We present an overview of existing methods to detect, quantify, or adjust for dissemination bias. It remains difficult to advise which method should be used as they are all limited and their validity has rarely been assessed. Therefore, a thorough literature search remains crucial in systematic reviews, and further steps to increase the availability of all research results need to be taken.


question:
Context: Women diagnosed with pregnancy-associated breast cancer postpartum have a worse prognosis, stage for stage, than other women with breast cancer. The time of breast involution is tumor promotional. The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is upregulated during involution in animal models and promotes breast cancer progression. It interacts with transforming growth factor (TGF)β, which also is involved in breast involution and breast cancer progression. Little is known about the expression of tenascin-C during human breast involution, nor its relationship to TGFβ. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of tenascin-C throughout lactation, as well as its relationship to TGFβ1 and TGFβ2.', 'Three milk samples from 25 lactating women (transitional, whole, and wean) were collected, separated into components (cells, fat, and skim), and the skim fraction analyzed for total protein, tenascin-C, TGFβ1, and TGFβ2. Tenascin-C, TGFβ1, and TGFβ2 were detectable in all milk samples.', 'Highest tenascin-C levels on average were found in whole milk, whereas highest mean TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 levels were in wean milk. Wean samples on average had higher levels of both TGFβ1 (26%) and TGFβ2 (>500%) than matched transitional milk samples. Tenascin-C levels in wean milk were associated with nursing length (p = 0.048). Combining all three milk collection time points, tenascin-C exhibited a weak inverse correlation with TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 (p < 0.1). The inverse correlation at the wean time point was stronger for TGFβ2 than -1 (-0.37 versus -0.25). Tenascin-C, a protein known to promote breast cancer progression, is expressed throughout lactation.\Question: Does expression of the Extracellular Matrix Protein Tenascin-C vary During Lactation?
answer:
The inverse correlation with TGFβ2 in wean milk suggests a possible interaction during breast involution, which should be further investigated.


question:
Context: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major problem worldwide. As an endothelium-enriched microRNA (miRNA), miR-126 has been reported to serve as a potential biomarker of acute myocardial infarction. However, the relationship between miR-126 and the severity of CAD remains unknown. This study was designed to test whether circulating miR-126 levels are associated with the severity of CAD.', 'The present study enrolled 40 patients who had risk factors for CAD without angiographically significant CAD, and 110 patients presenting with stable angina pectoris, who were validated left main coronary artery disease (LMCA) and/or multi-vessel disease by coronary angiography. The expression levels of plasma miR-126-5p from all enrolled subjects were estimated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, the relationships between plasma miR-126-5p levels, number of diseased vessels and the corresponding Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score were analyzed.', 'The expression of circulating miR-126-5p was affected by some CAD risk factors including aging, dyslipidemia and DM. Furthermore, plasma miR-126-5p levels were significantly down-regulated in CAD patients with multi-vessel disease, higher SYNTAX score, rather than isolated LMCA and low SYNTAX score.\Question: Is plasma MicroRNA-126-5p Associated with the Complexity and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris?
answer:

Circulating miR-126-5p has emerged as a potential biomarker for complexity and severity of CAD in patients with stable angina pectoris.