In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
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Question: After decades of low personal risk for contracting lethal diseases, physicians are suddenly facing the possibility of a substantial increase in occupational risk during an influenza pandemic. If they are not confronted before the onset of an influenza pandemic, feelings of unease and fear or ignorance about physicians' professional obligations could profoundly hinder individual physicians in fulfilling their professional duties. Such feelings could therefore undermine institutional and societal preparations. In their review published in Critical Care, Anantham and coworkers outline the ethical framework that forms the basis of the professional obligations of physicians who respond to health care emergencies, such as an influenza pandemic.

Answer: Pandemic influenza: are we prepared to face our obligations?


Question: Camels have cultural value in the Arab society and are considered one of the most important animals in the Arabian Peninsula and arid environments, due to the distinct characteristics of their meat and milk. Moreover, there is a great interest in camel racing and beauty shows. Therefore, treatment of elite animals, increasing the number of camels as well as genetic improvement is an essential demand. Because there are unique camels for milk production, meat, or in racing, the need to propagate genetically superior camels is urgent. Recent biotechnological approaches such as stem cells hold great promise for biomedical research, genetic engineering, and as a model for studying early mammalian developmental biology. Establishment of stem cells lines from camels would tremendously facilitate regenerative medicine for genetically superior camels, permit the gene targeting of the camel genome and the generation of genetically modified animal and be a mean for genome conservation for the elite breeds. In this mini-review, we show the current research, future horizons and potential applications for camel stem cells.

Answer: The current perspectives of dromedary camel stem cells research


Question: An oligonucteotide containing multiple AP-1 binding sites was introduced into the regulatory sequence in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay revealed that basal promoter activity of the mutated LTR was higher than that of the wildtype LTR in Crandell feline kidney (CRFK) cells. The mutated LTR was introduced into an infectious molecular clone of FIV and the clone was transfected into CRFK cells. The virus production of the mutant in the cells was as high as that of the wildtype when determined by the reverse transcriptase activity assay. The growth of the mutant virus obtained from the transfected CRFK cells was examined in feline T lymphoblastoid cell lines (MYA-1 and FeL-039 cells) and primary feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (fPBMCs). The growth was delayed when compared with that of the wild-type virus in all the cells used. Upon examination by polymerase chain reaction, the length of the LTR of the mutant virus was shortened in both MYA-1 cells and fPBMCs. Sequence analysis revealed that the insertion was completely deleted 39 days after infection in the MYA-1 cells. T. Miyazawa et al. several putative binding sites for enhancer proteins such as AP-1, AP-4, C/EBP are present [13, 14, 26] . Previously we reported that by deletion of AP-1 and AP-4 related sequences in the LTR, promoter activity was reduced in Crandell feline kidney (CRFK) andfelis catus whole foetus-4 (fcwf-4) cells using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay [11, 19] . Recently, Thompson et al. [29] reported that protein(s) present in the nuclear extract from feline T cells (F422 cells) which are permissive for FIV replication bind to the putative AP-1 and AP-4 binding sites. These findings suggest that the AP-1 in feline cells can bind to the AP-1 binding site in the L T R and is critical for the basal promoter activity of the LTR. Conversely, a m u t a n t virus which lacks the AP-1 and AP-4 binding sites replicated in feline T lymphoblastoid cell lines (MYA-1 and FeL-039 cells) [19] and primary feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (fPBMCs) [17] . These data indicate that the AP-1 and AP-4 binding sites are not necessary for the efficient replication of FIV in feline T lymphocytes. In this study, we introduced an oligonucleotide containing multiple AP-1 binding sites adjacent to the original AP-1 binding site in the U3 region of the L T R and examined the effects of the insertion on the promoter and growth activities of the mutant. Cell culture CRFK cells [3] and fcwf-4 [9] were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated foetal calf serum (FCS). fPBMCs obtained from a specific pathogen-free cat were isolated as described previously [15, 16] . 21] and FeL-039 [30] cells, and fPBMCs were maintained in the RPMI 1640 growth medium supplemented with 10% FCS, antibiotics, 50 gM 2-merecaptoethanol, 2 g g/ml polybrene and 100 units/ml of recombinant human interleukin-2 at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 in air. DNA constructs

Answer:
Effects of insertion of multiple AP-1 binding sites into the U3 region of the long terminal repeat of feline immunodeficiency virus