instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: It is recommended that dentists screen for dental anxiety (DA) so that fearful patients may be better managed. The main aim of this study was to determine what dentists are being taught in relation to DA as well as whether and how anxious patients are identified in the clinic.', 'Two hundred and forty-six practising dentists (adjusted response rate = 40.1%), from a random sample of registered Australian dentists, completed a mailed questionnaire.', "Dentists estimated that high DA affected 23.3% of children and 19.4% of adults seen. Only 3.7% of dentists reported using a published scale for screening DA, with the most common reason being lack of awareness (56.5%). Approximately one-half of responding dentists directly asked their patients about DA and this was more common among younger dentists (χ(2) = 7.75, p = 0.021). There were few differences in DA screening by other practitioner or practice characteristics (p > 0.05). Only one-third of dentists had received undergraduate training related to DA and only 41.7% considered this to be 'good' or better. Almost 37% of respondents expressed an interest in future training opportunities.
Answer: The use of formal, validated scales for screening DA is minimal. Training in anxiety management appears to be low and is an area that could be expanded upon.
answer:
Does dental anxiety screening practices and self-reported training need among Australian dentists?


question:
Context: Emerging evidence suggests that the in utero environment is not sterile as once presumed. Work in the mouse demonstrated transmission of commensal bacteria from mother to fetus during gestation, though it is unclear what modulates this process. We have previously shown in the nonhuman primate that, independent of obesity, a maternal high-fat diet during gestation and lactation persistently shapes the juvenile gut microbiome. We therefore sought to interrogate in a population-based human longitudinal cohort whether a maternal high-fat diet similarly alters the neonatal and infant gut microbiome in early life.', 'A representative cohort was prospectively enrolled either in the early third trimester or intrapartum (n\u2009=\u2009163), with a subset consented to longitudinal sampling through the postpartum interval (n\u2009=\u200981). Multiple body site samples, including stool and meconium, were collected from neonates at delivery and by 6\xa0weeks of age. A rapid dietary questionnaire was administered to estimate intake of fat, added sugars, and fiber over the past month (National Health and Examination Survey). DNA was extracted from each infant meconium/stool sample (MoBio) and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis.', "On average, the maternal dietary intake of fat ranged from 14.0 to 55.2\xa0%, with an average intake of 33.1\xa0% (σ\u2009=\u20096.1\xa0%). Mothers whose diets significantly differed from the mean (±1 standard deviation) were separated into two distinct groups, a control group (n\u2009=\u200913, μ\u2009=\u200924.4\xa0%) and a high-fat group (n\u2009=\u200913, μ\u2009=\u200943.1\xa0%). Principal coordinate analysis revealed that the microbiome of the neonatal stool at birth (meconium) clustered differently by virtue of maternal gestational diet (PERMANOVA p\u2009=\u20090.001). LEfSe feature selection identified several taxa that discriminated the groups, with a notable relative depletion of Bacteroides in the neonates exposed to a maternal high-fat gestational diet (Student's t-test, p\u2009<\u20090.05) that persisted to 6\xa0weeks of age.
Answer: Similar to the primate, independent of maternal body mass index, a maternal high-fat diet is associated with distinct changes in the neonatal gut microbiome at birth which persist through 4-6 weeks of age. Our findings underscore the importance of counseling pregnant mothers on macronutrient consumption during pregnancy and lactation.
answer:
Does the early infant gut microbiome vary in association with a maternal high-fat diet?


question:
Context: Thallium-201 (201Tl) myocardial perfusion imaging has been widely used for evaluation of myocardial ischemia/viability after myocardial infarction. The 3- to 4-h early redistribution imaging has underestimated a considerable part of viable myocardium, while the 24-h late redistribution imaging may enhance the detection of myocardial ischemia/viability, but remains controversial.', 'Thirty-eighty patients with myocardial infarction underwent the initial, 3-h, and 24-h redistribution imaging after intravenous injection of 148-185 MBq 201Tl. Image quality analysis was performed using a four-grade model: excellent, good, moderate, and poor. The initial and 3-h images, the initial and 24-h images, and the 3- and 24-h images were compared double-blinded.', 'The 3- and 24-h images showed no significant differences in image quality according to the four-grade model (P=.3580). Out of the 194 abnormal segments based on the initial imaging, 60 (31%) segments improved by at least one grade on the 3-h imaging, while 86 (44%) segments improved by at least one grade on the 24-h imaging. The 24-h late imaging detected more viable myocardium than the 3-h imaging did, with a significant difference (chi2=7.4235, P=.0064). There were 164 abnormal segments on the 3-h imaging, with an average 30% (48) segments improved by at least one grade on the 24-h imaging. There were 134 initial abnormal segments without any improvement on the 3-h imaging. Out of these segments, the 24-h late redistribution imaging detected additional redistribution in 30 segments, taking up 22%. The mean global score on the 3-h imaging significantly decreased compared to that on the initial imaging (t=5.71, P<.0001), and the mean global score on the 24-h imaging further decreased significantly compared to that on the 3-h imaging (t=6.28, P<.0001).
Answer: Twenty-four-hour late 201Tl imaging, with satisfactory image quality, enhances the detection of myocardial viability after myocardial infarction.
answer:

Does twenty-four-hour thallium-201 late redistribution imaging enhance the detection of myocardial viability after myocardial infarction?