TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
PROBLEM: Factors affecting a residential unit's price are always of interest to homebuyers and building developers, especially in a city like Hong Kong which is known for expensive housing. Literature review indicates that the governing factors can be categorized into architectural and environmental attributes. Among different methods commonly used for pricing, the hedonic price approach is viewed as the most suitable. However, the successful use of this method requires that homebuyers know and choose the attributes. Whilst choosing architectural attributes are not a problem for homebuyers, the same does not apply to environmental attributes. Previous studies by the authors have proposed some simple indicators for quantifying the environmental attributes. Based upon the developed performance indicators and the transaction records of two representative housing estates (Royal Ascot ¼ RA and City One Shatin ¼ COS), details of the properties, including transaction prices, architectural particulars and environmental characteristics were numerically transformed for the hedonic price analysis. The analysis results revealed that the willingness to pay (percentage of house price in parenthesis) for architectural and environmental attributes was HK$302.3/ft 2 (5.8%) and HK$886.8/ft 2 (28.2%), respectively, for RA and HK$1672.7/ ft 2 (31.9%) and HK$111.5/ft 2 (3.5%) for COS. It was found that elasticity of substitution (ES) of environmental attributes contributed 3.4e13.3% of the property price, compared to 0.6e5.5% for architectural attributes.

SOLUTION: Development of price models for architectural and environmental quality for residential developments in Hong Kong

PROBLEM: Zika virus is an emergent pathogen that gained significant importance during the epidemic in South and Central America as unusual and alarming complications of infection were recognized. Although initially considered a self-limited benign infection, a panoply of neurologic complications were recognized including a Guillain-Barré-like syndrome and in-utero fetal infection causing microcephaly, blindness, and other congenital neurologic complications. Numerous Zika virus vaccines were developed, with nine different vaccines representing five different platforms entered into clinical trials, one progressing to Phase II. Here we review the current landscape and challenges confronting Zika virus vaccine development.

SOLUTION: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Zika Vaccine Development-Current Progress and Challenges for the Future

PROBLEM: Mixed viral and bacterial infections are widely described in community-acquired pneumonia; however, the clinical implications of co-infection on the associated immunopathology remain poorly studied. In this study, microRNA, mRNA and cytokine/chemokine secretion profiling were investigated for human monocyte-derived macrophages infected in-vitro with Influenza virus A/H1N1 and/or Streptococcus pneumoniae. We observed that the in-vitro co-infection synergistically increased interferon-γinduced protein-10 (CXCL10, IP-10) expression compared to the singly-infected cells conditions. We demonstrated that endogenous miRNA-200a-3p, whose expression was synergistically induced following co-infection, indirectly regulates CXCL10 expression by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling-6 (SOCS-6), a well-known regulator of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Additionally, in a subsequent clinical pilot study, immunomodulators levels were evaluated in samples from 74 children (≤5 years-old) hospitalized with viral and/or bacterial community-acquired pneumonia. Clinically, among the 74 cases of pneumonia, patients with identified mixed-detection had significantly higher (3.6-fold) serum IP-10 levels than those with a single detection (P = 0.03), and were significantly associated with severe pneumonia (P < 0.01). This study demonstrates that viral and bacterial coinfection modulates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and leads to exacerbated IP-10 expression, which could play a major role in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common inflammatory illness of the lungs that remains the major cause of pediatric mortality in low-and middle-income countries 1 . Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) is the main causative agent of pneumonia; however, concomitant viral infection occurs in up to 66% of cases of CAP 2,3 . Clinical data suggest mixed infections are related to a higher severity of inflammatory disease 4,5 -especially in secondary pneumococcal infection following influenza virus (IAV) infection 6-8 -and mixed infection represents a relevant risk factor for pediatric intensive care hospitalization 9 . However, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of mixed viral and bacterial infection remain poorly understood. Assessment of induced blood immunomodulators during infection may assist clinical diagnosis and the management of severe CAP. Interferon (IFN)-γ -induced protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10) appears to contribute to the

SOLUTION:
Viral and bacterial co-infection in severe pneumonia triggers innate immune responses and specifically enhances IP-10: a translational study OPEN