In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Q: to the extent flint hill and lake st. louis hold that adoption of a resolution of intent to annex is the first valid step of an annexation, they are overruled.

A: overruling
****
Q: people v chambers, 430 mich 217, 222; 421 nw2d 903 (1988).

A: non-overruling
****
Q: however, to the extent the case was not dismissed on procedural grounds, the johnson case is contrary to the supreme court's opinion in foremost insurance company v. shepard, supra.

A:
overruling
****