TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``United States-Israel Cybersecurity 
Cooperation Enhancement Act of 2016''.

SEC. 2. UNITED STATES-ISRAEL CYBERSECURITY COOPERATION.

    (a) Grant Program.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretary, in accordance with the 
        agreement entitled the ``Agreement between the Government of 
        the United States of America and the Government of the State of 
        Israel on Cooperation in Science and Technology for Homeland 
        Security Matters'', dated May 29, 2008 (or successor 
        agreement), and the requirements specified in paragraph (2), 
        shall establish a grant program at the Department to support--
                    (A) cybersecurity research and development; and
                    (B) demonstration and commercialization of 
                cybersecurity technology.
            (2) Requirements.--
                    (A) Applicability.--Notwithstanding any other 
                provision of law, in carrying out a research, 
                development, demonstration, or commercial application 
                program or activity that is authorized under this 
                section, the Secretary shall require cost sharing in 
                accordance with this paragraph.
                    (B) Research and development.--
                            (i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), the Secretary shall require not 
                        less than 50 percent of the cost of a research, 
                        development, demonstration, or commercial 
                        application program or activity described in 
                        subparagraph (A) to be provided by a non-
                        Federal source.
                            (ii) Reduction.--The Secretary may reduce 
                        or eliminate, on a case-by-case basis, the 
                        percentage requirement specified in clause (i) 
                        if the Secretary determines that such reduction 
                        or elimination is necessary and appropriate.
                    (C) Merit review.--In carrying out a research, 
                development, demonstration, or commercial application 
                program or activity that is authorized under this 
                section, awards shall be made only after an impartial 
                review of the scientific and technical merit of the 
                proposals for such awards has been carried out by or 
                for the Department.
                    (D) Review processes.--In carrying out a review 
                under subparagraph (C), the Secretary may use merit 
                review processes developed under section 302(14) of the 
                Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 182(14)).
            (3) Eligible applicants.--An applicant shall be eligible to 
        receive a grant under this subsection if the project of such 
        applicant--
                    (A) addresses a requirement in the area of 
                cybersecurity research or cybersecurity technology, as 
                determined by the Secretary; and
                    (B) is a joint venture between--
                            (i)(I) a for-profit business entity, 
                        academic institution, National Laboratory (as 
                        defined in section 2 of the Energy Policy Act 
                        of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801)), or nonprofit entity 
                        in the United States; and
                            (II) a for-profit business entity, academic 
                        institution, or nonprofit entity in Israel; or
                            (ii)(I) the Federal Government; and
                            (II) the Government of Israel.
            (4) Applications.--To be eligible to receive a grant under 
        this subsection, an applicant shall submit to the Secretary an 
        application for such grant in accordance with procedures 
        established by the Secretary, in consultation with the advisory 
        board established under paragraph (5).
            (5) Advisory board.--
                    (A) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish 
                an advisory board to--
                            (i) monitor the method by which grants are 
                        awarded under this subsection; and
                            (ii) provide to the Secretary periodic 
                        performance reviews of actions taken to carry 
                        out this subsection.
                    (B) Composition.--The advisory board established 
                under subparagraph (A) shall be composed of three 
                members, to be appointed by the Secretary, of whom--
                            (i) one shall be a representative of the 
                        Federal Government;
                            (ii) one shall be selected from a list of 
                        nominees provided by the United States-Israel 
                        Binational Science Foundation; and
                            (iii) one shall be selected from a list of 
                        nominees provided by the United States-Israel 
                        Binational Industrial Research and Development 
                        Foundation.
            (6) Contributed funds.--Notwithstanding any other provision 
        of law, the Secretary may accept or retain funds contributed by 
        any person, government entity, or organization for purposes of 
        carrying out this subsection. Such funds shall be available, 
        subject to appropriation, without fiscal year limitation.
            (7) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        completion of a project for which a grant is provided under 
        this subsection, the grant recipient shall submit to the 
        Secretary a report that contains--
                    (A) a description of how the grant funds were used 
                by the recipient; and
                    (B) an evaluation of the level of success of each 
                project funded by the grant.
            (8) Classification.--Grants shall be awarded under this 
        subsection only for projects that are considered to be 
        unclassified by both the United States and Israel.
    (b) Termination.--The grant program and the advisory board 
established under this section terminate on the date that is seven 
years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (c) Prohibition on Additional Funding.--No additional funds are 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section--
            (1) the term ``cybersecurity research'' means research, 
        including social science research, into ways to identify, 
        protect against, detect, respond to, and recover from 
        cybersecurity threats;
            (2) the term ``cybersecurity technology'' means technology 
        intended to identify, protect against, detect, respond to, and 
        recover from cybersecurity threats;
            (3) the term ``cybersecurity threat'' has the meaning given 
        such term in section 102 of the Cybersecurity Information 
        Sharing Act of 2015 (enacted as title I of the Cybersecurity 
        Act of 2015 (division N of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 
        2016 (Public Law 114-113)));
            (4) the term ``Department'' means the Department of 
        Homeland Security; and
            (5) the term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Homeland 
        Security.

            Passed the House of Representatives November 29, 2016.

            Attest:

                                                 KAREN L. HAAS,

                                                                 Clerk.

SOLUTION: United States-Israel Cybersecurity Cooperation Enhancement Act of 2016  (Sec. 2) This bill requires the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to establish a grant program to support cybersecurity research and development, and the demonstration and commercialization of cybersecurity technology, in accordance with the Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the State of Israel on Cooperation in Science and Technology for Homeland Security Matters, dated May 29, 2008, or a successor agreement.  Grants may be awarded for social science research and technology intended to identify, protect against, respond to, and recover from cybersecurity threats. To be eligible for a grant, a project must be a joint venture between: (1) for-profit, nonprofit, or academic entities (including U.S. national laboratories) in the United States and Israel; or (2) the governments of the United States and Israel.  Grants shall be awarded only for projects considered unclassified by both the United States and Israel. DHS must require cost sharing of at least 50% from nonfederal sources for grant activities, but it may reduce the nonfederal percentage if necessary on a case-by-case basis.  DHS must establish an advisory board to monitor the impartial scientific and technical merit method by which grants are awarded and provide periodic reviews of the actions taken to carry out the program. The grant program terminates seven years after this bill's enactment. 

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Safe Teen and Novice Driver Uniform 
Protection Act of 2011'' or the ``STANDUP Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has 
        reported that--
                    (A) motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of 
                death of Americans between 15 and 20 years of age;
                    (B) between 1999 and 2009, more than 90,000 
                Americans were killed in motor vehicle crashes 
                involving drivers between 15 and 20 years of age, an 
                average of 155 deaths per week;
                    (C) drivers between 16 and 20 years of age have a 
                fatality rate that is 4 times higher than the rate for 
                drivers between 25 and 70 years of age; and
                    (D) teenage drivers who are 16 years of age have a 
                motor vehicle crash rate that is almost 10 times higher 
                than the crash rate for drivers between 30 and 60 years 
                of age.
            (2) The National Transportation Safety Board found that 
        during the most recent 10-year period--
                    (A) teen drivers comprised less than 7 percent of 
                the driving population and accounted for more than 13 
                percent of drivers involved in all deadly crashes; and
                    (B) more than 20 percent of all highway fatalities 
                occurred in crashes that involved teen drivers.
            (3) Analysis by the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 
        Research Institute shows that--
                    (A) teenage drivers comprise approximately 40 
                percent of the fatalities in motor vehicle crashes in 
                which they are involved; and
                    (B) the other 60 percent of the fatalities in those 
                crashes are--
                            (i) passengers who were riding in the 
                        vehicle with the teen driver;
                            (ii) drivers and passengers in other 
                        vehicles involved in a crash with the teen 
                        driver's vehicle; and
                            (iii) pedestrians.
            (4) According to the Insurance Institute for Highway 
        Safety--
                    (A) the chance that a vehicle driven by a 16- or 
                17-year-old will be involved in an accident--
                            (i) doubles when there are 2 other teens in 
                        the vehicle; and
                            (ii) quadruples when there are 4 teens in 
                        the vehicle;
                    (B) States with strong nighttime driving 
                restrictions experience lower fatal crash rates among 
                drivers ages 15 to 17 years old; and
                    (C) a higher age requirement for licensing teen 
                drivers is correlated with a lower number of fatal 
                crashes per capita.
            (5) The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has 
        found that distraction caused by cellular phones is significant 
        enough to degrade driver performance, and is particularly 
        dangerous for inexperienced drivers between 15 and 20 years of 
        age.
            (6) That National Transportation Safety Board has found 
        that although only 20 percent of driving by teenage drivers 
        occurs at night, more than 50 percent of the motor vehicle 
        crash fatalities involving teenage drivers occur at night.
            (7) According to a 2007 report from the Texas 
        Transportation Institute at Texas A&M University--
                    (A) teenage drivers in rural areas are less likely 
                to be aware of the risks and dangers associated with 
                driving, placing them at higher risk of involvement in 
                crashes;
                    (B) teen drivers are more likely than other 
                drivers--
                            (i) to drive with other teenage passengers;
                            (ii) to drive late at night;
                            (iii) to exceed the speed limit;
                            (iv) to use cell phones while driving; and
                            (v) to fail to use seat belts while 
                        driving.
            (8) The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 
        reports that although 23 percent of the population of the 
        United States lives in rural areas, 57 percent of all traffic 
        fatalities occur on rural roads, underscoring the elevated 
        crash risk for teen drivers in rural areas.
            (9) The American Academy of Pediatrics has found evidence 
        that the area of the brain responsible for planning, impulse 
        control, and executive decisionmaking does not fully mature 
        until a person is between 20 and 25 years of age, placing teen 
        drivers at greater risk of being involved in an accident.
            (10) The Journal of the American Medical Association 
        reports that after Michigan and North Carolina adopted 
        comprehensive graduated driver licensing systems in 1997, 
        crashes involving 16-year-old drivers decreased by 25 percent 
        in Michigan and by 27 percent in North Carolina.
            (11) According to the Office of the Illinois Secretary of 
        State, teen driving deaths dropped by over 40 percent in 
        Illinois in the first full year following the 2007 
        implementation of a stronger graduated driver licensing law.
            (12) The National Transportation Safety Board reports that 
        over 40 States and the District of Columbia have implemented 
        some type of 3-stage graduated driver licensing system. 
        However, most States have not yet enacted all of the lifesaving 
        safety features of graduated driver licensing laws recommended 
        by the National Transportation Safety Board and supported by 
        research to protect the lives of teenage and novice drivers.
            (13) A 2010 national survey by the Insurance Institute of 
        Highway Safety indicates that--
                    (A) parents of teens favor graduated driver 
                licensing laws that are as strict or stricter than 
                those that currently exist in any State;
                    (B) \2/3\ of parents of teens believe that young 
                drivers should begin learning to drive at 16 years of 
                age or older;
                    (C) more than \1/2\ of parents of teens believe 
                that the minimum licensing age should be 17 years of 
                age or older;
                    (D) 90 percent of parents of teens support a 
                restriction on unsupervised nighttime driving;
                    (E) more than 75 percent of parents of teens 
                believe that the restriction on unsupervised nighttime 
                driving should begin at 10 p.m. or earlier;
                    (F) 89 percent of parents of teens support 
                restrictions on teen passengers; and
                    (G) more than 75 percent of parents of teens 
                believe that teen drivers should not be permitted to 
                more than 1 teen passenger in their vehicle.

SEC. 3. STATE GRADUATED DRIVER LICENSING LAWS.

    (a) Minimum Requirements.--
            (1) In general.--A State is in compliance with this section 
        if the State has a graduated driver licensing law that requires 
        novice drivers younger than 21 years of age to comply with the 
        2-stage licensing process described in paragraph (2) before 
        receiving an unrestricted driver's license.
            (2) Licensing process.--A State is in compliance with the 
        2-stage licensing process described in this paragraph if the 
        State's driver's license laws include--
                    (A) a learner's permit stage that--
                            (i) commences at 16 years of age or older;
                            (ii) is at least 6 months in duration;
                            (iii) prohibits the driver from using a 
                        cellular telephone or any communications device 
                        in a nonemergency situation; and
                            (iv) remains in effect until--
                                    (I) the commencement of the 
                                intermediate stage; or
                                    (II) the driver reaches 18 years of 
                                age;
                    (B) an intermediate stage that--
                            (i) commences immediately after the 
                        expiration of the learner's permit stage;
                            (ii) is at least 6 months in duration;
                            (iii) prohibits the driver from using a 
                        cellular telephone or any communications device 
                        in a nonemergency situation;
                            (iv) prohibits driving at night;
                            (v) prohibits the driver from operating a 
                        motor vehicle with more than 1 non-familial 
                        passenger younger than 21 years of age unless a 
                        licensed driver who is at least 21 years of age 
                        is in the motor vehicle; and
                            (vi) remains in effect until the driver 
                        reaches 18 years of age; and
                    (C) any other requirement that the Secretary of 
                Transportation may require, including--
                            (i) in the learner's permit stage--
                                    (I) at least 40 hours of behind-
                                the-wheel training with a licensed 
                                driver who is at least 21 years of age;
                                    (II) a driver training course; and
                                    (III) a requirement that any such 
                                driver be accompanied and supervised by 
                                a licensed driver who is at least 21 
                                years of age at all times while such 
                                driver is operating a motor vehicle; 
                                and
                            (ii) in the learner's permit or 
                        intermediate stage, a requirement that, in 
                        addition to any other penalties imposed by 
                        State law, the grant of an unrestricted 
                        driver's license be automatically delayed for 
                        any individual who, during the learner's permit 
                        or intermediate stage, is convicted of a 
                        driving-related offense, such as--
                                    (I) driving while intoxicated;
                                    (II) misrepresentation of his or 
                                her true age;
                                    (III) reckless driving;
                                    (IV) driving without wearing a seat 
                                belt;
                                    (V) speeding; or
                                    (VI) any other driving-related 
                                offense, as determined by the 
                                Secretary.
    (b) Rulemaking.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
        promulgate regulations necessary to implement this section in 
        accordance with the notice and comment provisions under section 
        553 of title 5, United States.
            (2) Exception.--A State that otherwise meets the minimum 
        requirements set forth in subsection (a) shall be deemed by the 
        Secretary to be in compliance with this section regardless of 
        whether a State law, which was enacted by the State before 
        January 1, 2011, establishes a class of license that permits 
        licensees younger than 18 years of age to drive a motor vehicle 
        in connection with work performed on or for the operation of a 
        farm owned by family members who are directly related to the 
        licensees.

SEC. 4. INCENTIVE GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--For each of the first 3 fiscal years beginning 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
Transportation shall award a grant to any State that submits an 
application under subsection (b) if that State is in compliance with 
section 3(a) on or before the first day of that fiscal year.
    (b) Application.--
            (1) In general.--Any State desiring a grant under this 
        section shall submit an application to the Secretary of 
        Transportation at such time, in such manner, and containing 
        such information as the Secretary may require, including a 
        certification by the Governor of the State that the State is in 
        compliance with section 3(a).
            (2) Review.--The Secretary shall review each State 
        application and determine whether or not the State is in 
        compliance with section 3(a).
    (c) Grants.--Amounts appropriated to carry out this section for 
each fiscal year shall be apportioned to each State that is in 
compliance with section 3(a) in an amount determined by multiplying--
            (1) the amount appropriated to carry out this section for 
        such fiscal year; by
            (2) the ratio that the amount of funds apportioned to each 
        such State for such fiscal year under section 402 of title 23, 
        United States Code, bears to the total amount of funds 
        apportioned to all such States for such fiscal year under such 
        section.
    (d) Use of Funds.--Amounts received by a State from a grant awarded 
under this section may be used for--
            (1) enforcing a 2-stage licensing process that complies 
        with section 3(a)(2);
            (2) training for law enforcement personnel and other 
        relevant State agency personnel relating to the enforcement 
        described in paragraph (1);
            (3) publishing relevant educational materials that pertain 
        directly or indirectly to the State graduated driver licensing 
        law; and
            (4) carrying out other administrative activities that the 
        Secretary considers relevant to the State's 2-stage licensing 
        process.
    (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated $25,000,000, out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the 
Mass Transit Account), to carry out this section during each fiscal 
year described in subsection (a).

SEC. 5. WITHHOLDING OF FUNDS FOR NONCOMPLIANCE.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Fourth fiscal year.--On the first day of the fourth 
        fiscal year beginning after the date of the enactment of this 
        Act, the Secretary shall withhold 3 percent of the amount 
        otherwise required to be apportioned to any State for such 
        fiscal year under each of the paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of 
        section 104(b) of title 23, United States Code, if the State is 
        not in compliance with section 3(a) on the first day of such 
        fiscal year.
            (2) Fifth fiscal year.--On the first day of the fifth 
        fiscal year beginning after the date of the enactment of this 
        Act, the Secretary shall withhold 5 percent of the amount 
        otherwise required to be apportioned to any State for such 
        fiscal year under each of the paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of 
        section 104(b) of title 23, United States Code, if that State 
        is not in compliance with section 3(a) on the first day of such 
        fiscal year.
            (3) Sixth and subsequent fiscal years.--On the first day of 
        each fiscal year after the fifth fiscal year beginning after 
        the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall 
        withhold 10 percent of the amount otherwise required to be 
        apportioned to any State for such fiscal year under each of the 
        paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) of title 23, 
        United States Code, if that State is not in compliance with 
        section 3(a) on the first day of such fiscal year.
    (b) Period of Availability of Withheld Funds.--
            (1) Funds withheld before the end of the sixth fiscal 
        year.--Any amount withheld from any State under subsection (a) 
        on or before the last day of the sixth fiscal year beginning 
        after the date of the enactment of this Act, shall remain 
        available for distribution to the State under subsection (c) 
        until the end of the third fiscal year following the fiscal 
        year for which such amount is appropriated.
            (2) Funds withheld after the sixth fiscal year.--Any amount 
        withheld under subsection (a)(2) from any State after the end 
        of the sixth fiscal year beginning after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, may not be distributed to the State.
    (c) Apportionment of Withheld Funds After Compliance.--
            (1) In general.--If, before the last day of the period for 
        which funds withheld under subsection (a) remain available to a 
        State under subsection (b), the State comes into compliance 
        with section 3(a), the Secretary of Transportation shall, on 
        the first day on which the Secretary determines the State has 
        come into compliance, distribute to the State any amounts 
        withheld under subsection (a) that remains available for 
        apportionment to the State.
            (2) Period of availability of subsequently apportioned 
        funds.--Any amount distributed under paragraph (1) shall remain 
        available for expenditure by the State until the end of the 
        third fiscal year following the year for which the funds are so 
        apportioned. Any amount not expended by the State by the end of 
        such period shall revert back to the Treasury of the United 
        States.
            (3) Effect of noncompliance.--If a State is not in 
        compliance with section 3(a) at the end of the period for which 
        any amount withheld under subsection (a) remains available for 
        distribution to the State under subsection (b), such amount 
        shall revert back to the Treasury of the United States.

SOLUTION: Safe Teen and Novice Driver Uniform Protection Act of 2011 or STANDUP Act - Authorizes the Secretary of Transportation to award incentive grants to states with graduated driver licensing laws that require novice drivers younger than age 21 to comply with a two-stage licensing process before receiving an unrestricted driver's license.

Requires such laws, at a minimum, to include: (1) a learner's permit stage that commences at age 16 or older, lasts at least six months, prohibits driver use of a cellular phone or other communications device in nonemergency situations, and remains in effect until commencement of the intermediate stage or the driver attains age 18; (2) an intermediate stage in effect until the driver attains age 18 that commences immediately after expiration of the learner's permit stage, lasts at least six months, prohibits driver use of a cellular phone or other communications device in nonemergency situations, prohibits nighttime driving, prohibits more than one non-familial passenger under age 21 unless there is a licensed driver at least age 21 present in the vehicle; and (3) any other requirement that the Secretary may require.

Deems a state that meets such minimum requirements to be in compliance regardless of whether a state law, enacted before January 1, 2011, establishes a class of license that permits licensees younger than age 18 to drive a motor vehicle in connection with work performed on or for the operation of a farm owned by family members of the licensees.

Directs the Secretary to withhold a certain percentage of federal-aid highway funds from states that do not comply with the requirements of this Act.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Nuclear Threat 
Reduction Act of 2001''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Purpose.
Sec. 3. Reduction in number of warheads in arsenals of United States 
                            and 
                            Russia.
Sec. 4. Reduction in alert status of nuclear weapons of United States 
                            and 
                            Russia.
Sec. 5. Acceleration of programs to prevent diversion of nuclear 
                            weapons, 
                            materials, and expertise from Russia.

SEC. 2. PURPOSE.

    The purpose of this Act is to decrease substantially the likelihood 
of the intentional use of nuclear weapons, or their unintentional use 
as a result of accident, miscalculation, unauthorized action, or 
terrorist activity.

SEC. 3. REDUCTION IN NUMBER OF WARHEADS IN 
              ARSENALS OF UNITED STATES AND RUSSIA.

    (a) Repeal of Prohibition Against Reductions.--Section 1302 of the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998 (Public Law 
105-85) is repealed.
    (b) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States to 
reduce the number of nuclear warheads and nuclear weapons delivery 
systems of the United States and Russia, through bilateral agreements 
between the United States and Russia, to the lowest possible number 
consistent with the national security of the United States. Any 
bilateral agreement for purposes of that policy shall provide for 
transparency, predictability, and verification of the reductions.
    (c) Implementation of Reductions.--In effecting any reduction in 
the number of nuclear warheads of the United States, it shall be the 
policy of the United States--
            (1) that such reductions be intended as permanent 
        reductions in the United States nuclear weapons force, in 
        keeping with the purposes and objectives of the Nuclear 
        Nonproliferation Treaty;
            (2) that if the President makes unilateral reductions in 
        the United States nuclear weapons force, such reductions should 
        be intended to facilitate bilateral agreement with Russia, and 
        the President should undertake diplomatic efforts to convince 
        Russia to undertake parallel or commensurate reductions in its 
        nuclear weapons force; and
            (3) that the President should (A) offer enhanced 
        consultation and cooperation by the United States with Russia 
        in making such reductions, and (B) pursue enhanced transparency 
        and other confidence-building measures to ensure predictable 
        and stable strategic relations between the two nations.
    (d) Policy Regarding Warheads Removed From Weapon Systems.--(1) It 
is the policy of the United States to ensure through formal agreements 
with Russia that any nuclear warhead removed from a weapon system by 
either nation as part of reductions in the number of warheads or 
systems pursuant to the policies in this Act--
            (A) be kept safe and secure;
            (B) be accounted for; and
            (C) eventually be destroyed or eliminated in a manner that 
        is verifiable by the other nation.
    (2) Any such formal agreement shall be entered into either through 
the agreement referred to in subsection (b) or other agreement between 
the United States and Russia.

SEC. 4. REDUCTION IN ALERT STATUS OF NUCLEAR 
              WEAPONS OF UNITED STATES AND RUSSIA.

    (a) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States to 
pursue with Russia formal arrangements to remove as many nuclear 
weapons of those two nations as possible from immediate, launch-ready 
(or ``high alert'') status, consistent with United States national 
security, beginning with those weapons earmarked for downloading, 
dismantlement, or elimination under the START II treaty. Such 
arrangements should seek to ensure that any change in the alert status 
of such weapons of either nation be transparent and verifiable.
    (b) Implementation of Reduction in Alert Status.--If the President 
makes unilateral changes to the alert status of weapons in the United 
States nuclear arsenal, such changes should--
            (1) be consistent with the national security of the United 
        States; and
            (2) be pursued as part of a broader United States effort to 
        persuade Russia to enter into arrangements as called for in 
        subsection (a).
    (c) Security and Verifiability.--Any formal arrangement that 
results from subsection (a) should include measures to ensure that--
            (1) weapons, including their warheads, that are removed 
        from high alert status are secure and accounted for throughout 
        the process by which they are removed from that status; and
            (2) such accountability measures are verifiable by both 
        nations.

SEC. 5. ACCELERATION OF PROGRAMS TO PREVENT DIVERSION OF NUCLEAR 
              WEAPONS, MATERIALS, AND EXPERTISE FROM RUSSIA.

    (a) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States to 
work cooperatively with Russia to prevent the diversion of nuclear 
weapons, materials, and expertise from Russia. In furtherance of that 
objective, the policy of the United States should include the 
following:
            (1) With respect to the nuclear weapons arsenal of Russia--
                    (A) ensuring that all the elements of that arsenal, 
                including delivery systems, are identified and 
                accounted for;
                    (B) identifying with Russia those elements of that 
                arsenal that are most susceptible to proliferation; and
                    (C) ensuring that the weapons in that arsenal and 
                their components are secured and safeguarded, placing 
                the highest priority on safeguards for those weapons 
                and components that are identified pursuant to 
                subparagraph (B) as being those most susceptible to 
                proliferation.
            (2) With respect to Russia's stockpile of nuclear weapons 
        materials (other than materials in Russia's arsenal)--
                    (A) ensuring that all the elements of that 
                stockpile are identified and accounted for;
                    (B) identifying with Russia those elements of that 
                stockpile that are most susceptible to proliferation; 
                and
                    (C) ensuring that the elements of that stockpile 
                are secured and safeguarded, placing the highest 
                priority on safeguards for those elements of that 
                stockpile that are identified pursuant to subparagraph 
                (B) as being those most susceptible to proliferation.
            (3) With respect to nuclear weapons expertise in Russia--
                    (A) identifying and accounting for the extent of 
                that expertise in cities in Russia referred to as 
                ``Nuclear Cities'' and elsewhere in Russia;
                    (B) developing and pursuing programs that make 
                productive use of that expertise inside Russia and help 
                prevent the spread of that expertise outside of Russia; 
                and
                    (C) developing and pursuing initiatives to reduce 
                the Russian nuclear production capacity to a size 
                appropriate to its post-Cold War mission.
            (4) Rendering permanently unusable for weapons purposes all 
        nuclear materials and weapons systems that Russia no longer 
        requires to support its arsenal and forces.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out activities under 
this Act, cooperative threat reduction programs of the Department of 
Defense under section 1501(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 1997 (50 U.S.C. 2362 note), and other cooperative 
threat reduction, nonproliferation, and related programs, there are 
authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2002 amounts as follows:
            (1) For the Department of Defense $600,000,000.
            (2) For the Department of Energy $1,200,000,000.
            (3) For the Department of State, $200,000,000.
    (c) Plan for Nonproliferation Programs With Russia.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than April 15, 2002, the 
        President shall submit to Congress a plan--
                    (A) to secure and neutralize over the succeeding 
                eight years all nuclear weapons and weapons-usable 
                nuclear material in Russia that Russia does not retain 
                in its nuclear arsenal; and
                    (B) to prevent the outflow from Russia of 
                scientific expertise that could be used for developing 
                nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction, 
                including delivery systems.
            (2) Content of plan.--The plan required by subsection (a) 
        shall include the following:
                    (A) Specific goals and measurable objectives for 
                the programs that are designed to carry out the 
                objectives specified in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of 
                paragraph (1).
                    (B) Criteria for success for those programs and a 
                strategy for eventual termination of United States 
                contributions to those programs and assumption of the 
                ongoing support of those programs by Russia.
                    (C) A description of the administrative and 
                organizational changes that the President plans to 
                take, or will have taken, in order to achieve the 
                direction and coordination of those programs that is 
                necessary for their effectiveness.
            (3) Coordination with russia.--In developing the plan 
        required by paragraph (1), the President shall coordinate with 
        Russia to ensure that elements of the plan are practicable.
            (4) Consultation with congress.--In developing the plan 
        required by paragraph (1), the President shall consult with the 
        majority and minority leadership of the appropriate committees 
        of Congress.
    (d) Report on Debt-for-Security Program.--
            (1) Study.--The President shall conduct a study of the 
        feasibility of creating a new source of funds for nuclear 
        nonproliferation programs in Russia through establishment of a 
        program providing for the forgiveness of international debt of 
        Russia in exchange for payments by Russia into an independent 
        fund that, under strict conditions, would support the 
        implementation of agreed-upon nuclear nonproliferation 
        programs.
            (2) Consultation.--In the conduct of the study under 
        paragraph (1), the President shall consult with appropriate 
        representatives of Russia and other nations whose participation 
        in such a program the President determines to be necessary or 
        desirable.
            (3) Report on presidential determinations.--Not later than 
        April 15, 2002, the President shall submit to Congress a report 
        on the study required by paragraph (1). The report shall 
        include the President's determinations, together with 
        supporting facts and reasoning, as to each of the following:
                    (A) The prospects for the participation of creditor 
                nations in addition to the United States in the program 
                of debt forgiveness.
                    (B) The extent to which payments by Russia into a 
                fund described in paragraph (1) should be made in 
                Russian currency.
                    (C) The appropriate ratio between the amount of 
                such payments and the amount of debt forgiven.
                    (D) The purposes for which amounts in the fund 
                should be permitted to be expended.
                    (E) The means for assuring that those amounts are 
                expended for those purposes.
                    (F) The feasibility of establishing such a program.
            (4) Legislative proposal.--The report under paragraph (3) 
        shall include a legislative proposal for implementing any 
        program that the President recommends based on the 
        determinations under that paragraph.

SOLUTION:
Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 2001 - Repeals a provision of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998 which provides funding limits for retirement or dismantlement of the B52H bomber, Trident submarines, and Minuteman III and Peacekeeper intercontinental ballistic missiles. Declares it to be U.S. policy to: (1) reduce the number of nuclear warheads and delivery systems of the United States and Russia, through bilateral agreements, to the lowest possible number consistent with national security, requiring any warhead removed to be kept safe and secure, accounted for, and eventually destroyed or eliminated in a verifiable manner; (2) pursue with Russia formal arrangements to remove as many nuclear weapons of the two nations as possible from immediate, launch-ready status, beginning with those weapons earmarked for downloading, dismantlement, or elimination under the START II Treaty; and (3) work cooperatively with Russia to prevent the diversion from Russia of nuclear weapons, materials, and expertise.Requires the President to submit to Congress a plan for nonproliferation programs with Russia, as well as a related study.