Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[Q]: To determine the effects of maternal undernutrition (MUN) on the reproductive axis of aging offspring.', 'Animal (rat) study.', 'Research laboratory.', 'Female Sprague-Dawley rats.', 'Food restriction during the second half of pregnancy in rats.', 'Circulating gonadotropins, antimüllerian hormone (AMH), ovarian morphology, estrous cyclicity, and gene expression studies in the hypothalamus and ovary in 1-day-old (P1) and aging adult offspring.', 'Offspring of MUN dams had low birth weight (LBW) and by adult age developed obesity. In addition, 80% of adult LBW offspring had disruption of estrous cycle by 8 months of age, with the majority of animals in persistent estrous. Ovarian morphology was consistent with acyclicity, with ovaries exhibiting large cystic structures and reduced corpora lutea. There was an elevation in circulating T, increased ovarian expression of enzymes involved in androgen synthesis, an increase in plasma LH/FSH levels, a reduction in E2 levels, and no changes in AMH in adult LBW offspring compared with in control offspring. Hypothalamic expression of leptin receptor (ObRb), estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), and GnRH protein was altered in an age-dependent manner with increased ObRb and ER-α expression in P1 LBW hypothalami and a reversal of this expression pattern in adult LBW hypothalami.
[A]: 1


[Q]: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a group of inherited peripheral neuropathies associated with mutations or copy number variations in over 70 genes encoding proteins with fundamental roles in the development and function of Schwann cells and peripheral axons. Here, we used iPSC-derived cells to identify common pathophysiological mechanisms in axonal CMT.', 'iPSC lines from patients with two distinct forms of axonal CMT (CMT2A and CMT2E) were differentiated into spinal cord motor neurons and used to study axonal structure and function and electrophysiological properties in vitro.', 'iPSC-derived motor neurons exhibited gene and protein expression, ultrastructural and electrophysiological features of mature primary spinal cord motor neurons. Cytoskeletal abnormalities were found in neurons from a CMT2E (NEFL) patient and corroborated by a mouse model of the same NEFL point mutation. Abnormalities in mitochondrial trafficking were found in neurons derived from this patient, but were only mildly present in neurons from a CMT2A (MFN2) patient. Novel electrophysiological abnormalities, including reduced action potential threshold and abnormal channel current properties were observed in motor neurons derived from both of these patients.
[A]: 1


[Q]: Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) is associated with shorter hospitalization and lower complication rates compared to open ventral hernia repair. We sought to determine if hernia-related factors, such as defect size and re-operative status correlate with postoperative complications, operative times and length of stay (LOS).', 'The study is a retrospective review of 30-day perioperative outcomes following LVHR in 91 patients who underwent surgery at a single institution from August 2009 through June 2012. A single surgeon performed all procedures.', 'Indications for surgery were recurrent incisional hernia in 33\xa0% of patients and primary incisional or ventral abdominal hernias in the rest. Coated polyester mesh with an average size of 348\xa0cm(2) (±214; range 113-1,036) was used. Mean operative time was 132\xa0min (±66.1; range 53-412). The mean LOS was 4.0\xa0days (±3.5; range 1-22). Complications occurred in 13 patients for overall morbidity of 16.5\xa0% and no mortality. There was one recurrence in 30\xa0days (1.1\xa0%). Patients who had a surgery >120\xa0min or a LOS >1\xa0day were statistically more likely to have multiple hernias, larger defect sizes (>40\xa0cm(2)), larger mesh sizes (>300\xa0cm(2)) or a history of recurrent hernia (P\xa0<\xa00.05). No other clinical or demographic variable evaluated in this study correlated with operative time or LOS.
[A]:
1