Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[EX Q]: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is closely associated with the development of infection-induced deleterious pulmonary reactions. In this study, we investigated the enhancement effects of LPS on tachykinin-mediated plasma exudation in the lungs of guinea pigs. The role of oxidants was also explored.', 'Intravenous LPS (100 mu kg-1) or its vehicle was administered 0 to 3 hours prior to bilateral electrical or sham stimulation of the cervical vagus nerves in animals anesthetized with urethane and artificially ventilated. Plasma exudation into the lungs was assessed by measurement of extravasated 125I-albumin which had been intravenously administered before stimulation.', 'The plasma exudation in the lungs increased after bilateral cervical vagal stimulation. LPS alone did not induce significant plasma exudation. The vagally-mediated plasma exudation was enhanced by LPS with the peak effect 1 hour after LPS administration. LPS also enhanced exogenous substance P (10(-8) mol kg-1, i.v.)-induced plasma exudation. The vagally-induced plasma exudation was abolished by a specific neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist, L-732,138. The LPS-induced enhancement response was also attenuated by L-732,138. The vagally-induced plasma exudation was not affected by superoxide dismutase (SOD, 5000 U kg-1, i.p.) pretreatment. However, SOD significantly inhibited the LPS-enhanced neurogenic plasma leakage. The LPS-induced enhancement was not completely abolished by either L-732,138 or SOD pretreatment alone, but by a combination of both.
[EX A]: 0

[EX Q]: SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) removes SUMO from proteins and plays important roles in the regulation of multiple cellular signalling pathways. However, little is known about the role of SENP1 in coronary heart disease. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SENP1 protects against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.', 'First, we found that SENP1 levels increased after I/R in human and mouse myocardium in vivo and in rat cardiomyocytes in vitro. We then performed coronary artery ligation to induce I/R injury in wild-type (WT) and heterozygous SENP1-knockdown (SENP1(+/-)) mice. Compared with WT mice, SENP1(+/-) mice had normal cardiac function at baseline but lower systolic function after I/R. Post-I/R myocardial infarction sizes were larger in SENP1(+/-) mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SENP1 regulates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF1α), a critical protective factor during I/R, in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of HIF1α reversed the deteriorating effect of SENP1 knockdown on cellular death.
[EX A]: 1

[EX Q]: Regenerative endodontics aims to re-establish a functional pulp-dentin complex. First, the root canal system is disinfected primarily by irrigants and medicaments. Triple antibiotic paste (TAP), a commonly used intracanal medicament, has been shown to be directly toxic to stem cells at concentrations greater than 0.1 g/mL. Thus, its complete removal is a crucial step in regenerative endodontic procedures. We hypothesized that currently used irrigation techniques do not completely remove TAP from root canal system.', 'TAP was radiolabeled by the incorporation of I(125), and calcium hydroxide (Ultracal; Ultradent, South Jordan, UT) was radiolabeled with Ca(45). The intracanal medicaments were placed into standardized human root segments and incubated for 28 days at 37°C. Then, canals were irrigated with EndoActivator (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK), passive ultrasonic irrigation, EndoVac (SybronEndo, Coppell, TX), or a syringe/Max-i-Probe needle (Dentsply Rinn, Elgin, IL) using a standardized irrigation protocol in a closed system. Radioactivity levels (counts per minute values) were measured for each tooth before and after the irrigation protocols. Furthermore, the canals were sequentially enlarged and dentin samples collected and evaluated for radioactivity. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc testing (P < .05).', 'Approximately 88% of the TAP was retained in the root canal system regardless of the irrigation technique used (no difference among groups). Furthermore, approximately 50% of the radiolabeled TAP was present circumferentially up to 350 μm within the dentin. Conversely, up to 98% of the radiolabeled intracanal calcium hydroxide was removed, and most residual medicament was found present in the initial 50 μm of dentin.
[EX A]:
0