In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Input: Consider Input: id., 43. similar to our review of a suppression motion, we uphold the circuit court's findings of historical fact unless clearly erroneous, then independently apply constitutional principles to those facts.

Output: non-overruling


Input: Consider Input: no such authority is required to be shown in cases involving the forgery of a check and the contrary holding in fain v. commonwealth is overruled.

Output: overruling


Input: Consider Input: therefore, we decline to follow the courts that have reasoned that only acts that have an affirmative element of misrepresentation or false statement are probative of truthfulness, because these holdings create an unduly narrow category of acts that reflect on one's character for truthfulness.


Output: overruling