In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Q: we now expressly overrule the bowers and braden courts and hold that the plaintiff's minority does not toll the medical malpractice statute of repose.

A: overruling
****
Q: to the extent that hoover, isom, birch, williams, and any other prior cases are inconsistent with our holding today, they are hereby expressly overruled.

A: overruling
****
Q: but here, the district court denied leave to amend based on futility.

A:
non-overruling
****