Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Context: Women diagnosed with pregnancy-associated breast cancer postpartum have a worse prognosis, stage for stage, than other women with breast cancer. The time of breast involution is tumor promotional. The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C is upregulated during involution in animal models and promotes breast cancer progression. It interacts with transforming growth factor (TGF)β, which also is involved in breast involution and breast cancer progression. Little is known about the expression of tenascin-C during human breast involution, nor its relationship to TGFβ. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of tenascin-C throughout lactation, as well as its relationship to TGFβ1 and TGFβ2.', 'Three milk samples from 25 lactating women (transitional, whole, and wean) were collected, separated into components (cells, fat, and skim), and the skim fraction analyzed for total protein, tenascin-C, TGFβ1, and TGFβ2. Tenascin-C, TGFβ1, and TGFβ2 were detectable in all milk samples.', 'Highest tenascin-C levels on average were found in whole milk, whereas highest mean TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 levels were in wean milk. Wean samples on average had higher levels of both TGFβ1 (26%) and TGFβ2 (>500%) than matched transitional milk samples. Tenascin-C levels in wean milk were associated with nursing length (p = 0.048). Combining all three milk collection time points, tenascin-C exhibited a weak inverse correlation with TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 (p < 0.1). The inverse correlation at the wean time point was stronger for TGFβ2 than -1 (-0.37 versus -0.25). Tenascin-C, a protein known to promote breast cancer progression, is expressed throughout lactation.
Answer: The inverse correlation with TGFβ2 in wean milk suggests a possible interaction during breast involution, which should be further investigated.

Ex Output:
Does expression of the Extracellular Matrix Protein Tenascin-C vary During Lactation?


Ex Input:
Context: Minimal residual disease (MRD) is defined as the presence of sub-microscopic levels of leukaemia. Measurement of MRD from bone marrow at the end of induction chemotherapy (day 28) for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) can highlight a large group of patients (>40%) with an excellent (>90%) short-term event-free survival (EFS). However, follow-up in recent published trials is relatively short, raising concerns about using this result to infer the safety of further therapy reduction in the future.', 'We examined MRD data on 225 patients treated on one of three UKALL trials between 1997 and 2003 to assess the long-term (>10\u2005years follow-up) outcome of those patients who had low-risk MRD (<0.01%) at day 28.', 'Our pilot data define a cohort of 53% of children with MRD <0.01% at day 28 who have an EFS of 91% and long-term overall survival of 97%. Of 120 patients with day-28 MRD <0.01% and extended follow-up, there was one death due to treatment-related toxicity, one infectious death while in complete remission, and four relapse deaths.
Answer: The excellent outcome for childhood ALL in patients with MRD <0.01% after induction chemotherapy is sustained for more than 10 years from diagnosis. This supports the potential exploration of further reduction of therapy in this group, in an attempt to reduce treatment-related mortality and late effects.

Ex Output:
Is excellent outcome of minimal residual disease-defined low-risk patients sustained with more than 10 years follow-up : results of UK paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia trials 1997-2003?


Ex Input:
Context: To incorporate C-reactive protein into nomograms estimating survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma.', 'Patients undergoing surgery for renal cell carcinoma from 2005-2012 were studied retrospectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and competing risks regression models including stage, grade, C-reactive protein levels and presence of metastatic disease were constructed. Outcomes analyzed include overall mortality overall mortality and renal cell carcinoma-specific mortality.', 'The cohort included 516 patients with a mean follow up of 1.7\u2009years (SD 1.4\u2009years). One- and 3-year renal cell carcinoma-specific mortality was 8.8% and 13.5%, respectively. Four nomograms were generated using overall mortality and renal cell carcinoma-specific mortality as end-points, two each for pre- and postoperative counseling. The factor with the largest effect on all nomograms was preoperative C-reactive protein. Based on the internal validation with bootstrapping, the concordance indices for renal cell carcinoma-specific mortality in the preoperative nomogram, postoperative nomogram, and the Mayo Clinic stage, size, grade and necrosis score were 0.889, 0.893, and 0.832, respectively (P\u2009=\u20090.005 and 0.002 comparing with stage, size, grade and necrosis scores for preoperative or postoperative nomograms). For overall mortality, the preoperative nomogram, postoperative nomogram, and stage, size, grade and necrosis score showed concordance indices of 0.866, 0.897, and 0.828, respectively (P\u2009=\u20090.123 and 0.008 compared with stage, size, grade and necrosis score for preoperative or postoperative nomograms).
Answer: We have generated nomograms incorporating serum C-reactive protein levels that effectively predict overall mortality and renal cell carcinoma specific mortality. Our findings warrant external validation.

Ex Output:

Do nomograms incorporating serum C-reactive protein effectively predict mortality before and after surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma?