instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: To distinguish whether the improvement of hepatic encephalopathy by benzodiazepine receptor antagonists is mediated by their antagonistic or their inverse agonistic properties, the neurobehavioral effects of a variety of benzodiazepine receptor ligands in rats with thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure were tested.', 'The neural inhibitory effect of the benzodiazepine agonist flunitrazepam and its reversibility by the "pure" antagonist Ro 14-7437 were examined in thioacetamide-treated rats and controls. The effects of Ro 14-7437, of the partial inverse agonist Ro 15-4513, and the inverse agonist DMCM in rats with hepatic encephalopathy grade II/III were tested. Encephalopathic rats were pretreated with Ro 14-7437 or vehicle and then injected with Ro 15-4513.', 'Thioacetamide-treated rats were more sensitive to flunitrazepam than controls. In both groups, its effect was completely antagonized with Ro 14-7437. Encephalopathy was significantly improved by Ro 15-4513, although Ro 14-7437 and vehicle had no effect. DMCM worsened the condition of encephalopathic rats but had no effect in controls. Pretreatment with Ro 14-7437 abolished the beneficial effects of Ro 15-4513.
Answer: In rats with thioacetamide-induced liver failure, endogenous benzodiazepines do not precipitate hepatic encephalopathy. The amelioration of hepatic encephalopathy is mediated by benzodiazepine receptor ligands with both antagonistic and inverse agonistic properties.
answer:
Is hepatic encephalopathy in rats with thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure mediated by endogenous benzodiazepines?


question:
Context: Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) regulates thymidine phosphorylase (TP) mRNA stability. The aim of the present study was to analyze hnRNP K and TP expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to evaluate the prognostic and therapeutic potential of these two markers.', "We analyzed hnRNP K and TP expression immunohistochemically in 121 clinically proven NPC cases. Statistical analyses were applied to correlate cytoplasmic hnRNP K with elevated TP expression and determine the prognostic significance of these parameters. The therapeutic implication of elevated TP expression was determined by measuring sensitivity of NPC cells to the TP-targeting drug, 5-fluoro-5'-deoxyuridine (5'-DFUR).", "There was a high correlation between cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP (P < 0.001). Both cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP were associated with poor overall survival (OS; P = 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively) and distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.003 and 0.001, respectively) of NPC patients. A multivariate analysis confirmed that both cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP are independent prognostic predictors for OS (P = 0.020 and 0.010, respectively). NPC cells expressing high TP were more sensitive to treatment with the TP-targeting drug, 5'-DFUR.
Answer: Cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP are associated with shorter OS and distant metastasis-free survival in NPC patients. In vitro experiments suggest that NPC tumors with high TP expression may be sensitive to 5'-DFUR treatment. Cytoplasmic hnRNP K and high TP may be potential prognostic and therapeutic markers for NPC, but additional validation studies are warranted.
answer:
Are heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein k and thymidine phosphorylase independent prognostic and therapeutic markers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma?


question:
Context: To study the possible association of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism with multiple and solitary uterine leiomyomas (ULs) and to check whether the COMT Val/Val genotype is associated with MED12 exon 2 mutations in fibroids.', 'The COMT Val158Met allele and genotype frequencies were compared between age-matched women with ULs (n=104) and controls (n=59). Patients with UL were subcategorised by diagnosis of solitary (n=59) or multiple (n=45) fibroids and by the presence of somatic MED12 exon 2 mutations in at least one fibroid (n=32) or in neither fibroid (n=26). The association of COMT Val/Val genotype with the presence of any ULs, solitary/multiple ULs and ULs positive/negative for MED12 exon 2 mutations was evaluated by χ', 'The COMT Val/Val genotype frequency did not differ between the patients with UL and the controls (28.8% vs 18.6%, p=0.149, OR 1.77; CI 0.81 to 3.86). However, it was significantly higher in the patients who had multiple UL compared with the solitary UL (40% vs 20.3%, p=0.028, OR 2.61; CI 1.09 to 6.24) and to the controls (40% vs 18.6%, p=0.016, OR 2.91; CI 1.20 to 7.06). No association of the COMT Val/Val genotype with UL-specific MED12 exon 2 mutations was found (p=0.662, OR 0.77; CI 0.23 to 2.53).
Answer: Women with COMT Val/Val genotype are at high risk of developing multiple uterine fibroids either positive or negative for MED12 exon 2 mutations. These data are important to design new strategies for UL prophylaxis and treatment.
answer:

Is catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism associated with increased risk of multiple uterine leiomyomas either positive or negative for MED12 exon 2 mutations?