Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: The genus Fusarium comprises a heterogeneous group of fungi important for agriculture. Fusarium solani f. sp. eumartii (F. eumartii), historically considered to be a fungal pathogen of potato, has also been associated with tomato disease. Currently, chitosan and its derivatives have been receiving more attention as environmentally friendly antimicrobial compounds in sustainable practices. The aim of the present work was to characterize downstream events associated with the mode of action of chitosan, including nitrosative reactive species, in order to identify new biomarkers of its cytotoxic action.', 'Data indicated that chitosan-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production might lead to conidial death, concomitant with the strong reduction in fungal pathogenicity in tomato plants. Following chitosan applications, a notably dose-dependent reduction in conidial viability was demonstrated in F. eumartii. Thereafter, the infectivity of chitosan-treated spores was tested by a bioassay using tomato seedlings.

A: Is nitric-oxide-mediated cell death triggered by chitosan in Fusarium eumartii spores?
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Q: Nanoparticles (NPs) in contact with biological fluids become covered by a tightly bound layer of proteins, the "protein corona", and it is largely accepted that this corona gives a new identity to NPs in biological milieu. We here consider the exposing scenario of NPs through an environmental route exemplified by the use of hydrophobins, highly adhesive proteins that are secreted into the environment in large quantities by fungi. HFBII of Trichoderma reesei has been used as a model protein and we have shown strong binding to polystyrene NPs of different sizes and surface groups. Hydrophobin coated NPs are shown to strongly increase the stability and the dispersion when exposed to human plasma compared to pristine ones particles. It is also shown that the presence of hydrophobin on the NPs results in an attenuated protein corona formation, in a different corona composition, and we also show that hydrophobin remained strongly associated to the NPs in competition with plasma proteins. As a conclusion we therefore suggest that the route of exposure of nanoparticles strongly affects their surface properties and their possible physiological behavior.

A: Does an environmental route of exposure affect the formation of nanoparticle coronas in blood plasma?
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Q: It is known that large dogs who are fed lamb and rice diets are at increased risk to develop taurine-deficiency-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. Since dogs obligatorily conjugate bile acids (BA) with taurine, we determined whether rice bran (RB) or other fibers (cellulose; CL, beet pulp; BP) would affect BA excretion and/or the taurine status of dogs.', 'Eighteen medium/large mixed-breed dogs were given purified diets containing CL, BP, or RB for 12\xa0weeks. Taurine concentrations in plasma and whole blood were significantly decreased at week 12. The BP group, compared to the CL or RB groups, showed significantly lower taurine concentrations in plasma (6.5\u2009±\u20090.5 vs 20.4\u2009±\u20093.9 and 13.1\u2009±\u20092.0\xa0μmol/L, respectively, P\u2009<\u20090.01, mean\u2009±\u2009SEM) and in whole blood (79\u2009±\u200910 vs 143\u2009±\u200914 and 127\u2009±\u200914\xa0μmol/L, respectively, P\u2009<\u20090.01), lower apparent protein digestibility (81.9\u2009±\u20090.6 vs 88.8\u2009±\u20090.6 and 88.1\u2009±\u20091.2\xa0%, respectively, P\u2009<\u20090.01), and higher BA excretions (5.6\u2009±\u20090.1 vs 3.4\u2009±\u20090.5 and 3.4\u2009±\u20090.4\xa0μmol/g feces, respectively, P\u2009<\u20090.05) at week 12.

A:
Does dietary beet pulp decrease taurine status in dogs fed low protein diet?
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