TASK DEFINITION: This task involves creating questions from a given passage that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning). 
The generated questions must require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. Try to use a variety of reasoning types in your questions (some of the sample reasoning types are illustrated in the 'positive examples' field) and also have a variety of answer types (spans, numbers, dates). A span is a continuous phrase taken directly from the passage or question. In such questions, the answer spans are recommended to be five words. Questions with answer type "number", are expected to start with "How many". For instance, "How long did an event last?" can be phrased as "How many years did an event last?". To increase diversity, try to create more questions for which the answer will be multiple spans. Please create questions that require AT LEAST 2 arithmetic operations as illustrated in the 'positive examples' field. You are encouraged to try DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS of operations and not just limit to the combinations shown in those examples. The more challenging questions you create, the better it is.
PROBLEM: Passage: In the first period, before 1648, we are dealing mostly with raids and defensive measures. Before 1507 raids were into the Polish Ukraine extending as far as Belarus. After 1507 raiding into the Ukraine continued but most raids were in the region south of Moscow. There was a tendency for population, fortifications and raiding to shift south from Moscow and east from the Polish/Ukrainian area. After 1648 we are dealing with large armies - Tatars, Turks, Poles, Russians and large numbers of Ukrainian Cossacks. Most fighting was in the western Ukraine . This drove the Slavic population to the Left Bank and probably allowed Russian population to expand southward north of Ukraine. Fighting weakened the Polish Commonwealth, but Russia continued to grow southward until it annexed Crimea in 1783. Note that this list does not include raids before 1480, raids further east, most Cossack raids on Crimea and petty raiding between different groups of Nogais, which was considerable. The main underlying theme of the period is the southward expansion of Russian population and the eastward expansion of Ukrainian population. If we had population figures for this the history of the period would be much clearer.

SOLUTION: How many years after raids were well into the Polish Ukraine as far as Belarus did Russia annex Crimea?

PROBLEM: Passage: Today, on the site of the martyrdom of the hot throne, there is the statue of The Virgin Mary, built by architect László Székely and sculptor György Kiss. According to the legend, during György Dózsa's torture, some monks saw in his ear the image of Mary. The first statue was raised in 1865, with the actual monument raised in 1906.  Hungarian opera composer Ferenc Erkel wrote an opera, Dózsa György, about him. His revolutionary image and Transylvanian background were drawn upon during the Communist regime of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. The Hungarian component of his movement was downplayed, but its strong anti-feudal character was emphasized. In Budapest, a square, a busy six-lane avenue, and a metro station bear his name, and it is one of the most popular street names in Hungarian villages. A number of streets in several cities of Romania were named Gheorghe Doja. Also, a number of streets in serval cities of Serbia were named "Ulica Doža Đerđa".Two Postage stamps were issued in his honor by Hungary on 12 June 1919 and on 15 March 1947, the latter in the "social revolutionists" series.

SOLUTION: How many places in Budapest bear Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej name?

PROBLEM: Passage: After a two-game road stretch, the Packers came back to Lambeau Field to face the New England Patriots. The Patriots handed Green Bay their second shutout of the season. Patriots quarterback Tom Brady threw for 244&#160;yards and 4 touchdowns. In the second quarter, Green Bay quarterback Brett Favre was injured on a sack. He left the game and did not return. Backup quarterback Aaron Rodgers replaced Favre and completed only four out of twelve passes for 32&#160;yards with one fumble. Rodgers suffered a broken foot in the loss and was placed on injured reserve, thus ending his season.  The Packers only recorded 120 total yards of offense and five total first downs. On the other side, the Patriots recorded 360&#160;yards of total offense with 22 first downs. With the loss, the Packers' record dropped to 4-6. The loss marked the first time the Packers were shut out at Lambeau Field twice in a season.

SOLUTION:
How many first downs did the Patriots give up?