instruction:
In this task, You are given an open-domain question that can be answered based on factual information. Your task is to provide \*short\* answer (in a few words only) for the given question. The short answer can be one or more entities or it can also be boolean \*yes\* or \*no\*.
question:
a directive issued by a president or governor that has the force of law is known as
answer:
an executive order


question:
where did the first civilization in africa start
answer:
Kingdom of Kush


question:
what is the name of the simpson's cat
answer:

Snowball II