This task involves creating answers to complex questions, from a given passage. Answering these questions, typically involve understanding multiple sentences. Make sure that your answer has the same type as the "answer type" mentioned in input. The provided "answer type" can be of any of the following types: "span", "date", "number". A "span" answer is a continuous phrase taken directly from the passage or question. You can directly copy-paste the text from the passage or the question for span type answers. If you find multiple spans, please add them all as a comma separated list. Please restrict each span to five words. A "number" type answer can include a digit specifying an actual value. For "date" type answers, use DD MM YYYY format e.g. 11 Jan 1992. If full date is not available in the passage you can write partial date such as 1992 or Jan 1992. If you find multiple spans, please add them all as a comma separated list. Please restrict each span to five words.
--------
Question: Passage: Malayalam is a language spoken by the native people of southwestern India (from Talapady to Kanyakumari).According to the Indian census of 2011, there were 32,299,239 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 93.2% of the total number of Malayalam speakers in India, and 96.74% of the total population of the state. There were a further 701,673 (2.1% of the total number) in Karnataka, 957,705 (2.7%) in Tamil Nadu, and 406,358 (1.2%) in Maharashtra. The number of Malayalam speakers in Lakshadweep is 51,100, which is only 0.15% of the total number, but is as much as about 84% of the population of Lakshadweep. In all, Malayalis made up 3.22% of the total Indian population in 2011. Of the total 34,713,130 Malayalam speakers in India in 2011, 33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke the Yerava dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like Eranadan. As per the 1991 census data, 28.85% of all Malayalam speakers in India spoke a second language and 19.64% of the total knew three or more languages. 
Question: How many of the Malayalam speakers in India did not speak a standard dialect? 
Answer type: Number 

Answer: 1697710.


Question: Passage: The Livonian Master, like the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order, was elected by his fellow knights for a life term. The grandmaster exercised supervisory powers and his advice was considered equal to a command. The grandmaster of Teutonic knights did not limit local autonomy, he rarely visited Livonia or sent ambassadors for oversight.   ●  Hermann Balk 1237-1238  ●  Dietrich von Grüningen 1238-1242  ●  Dietrich von Grüningen 1244-1246   ●  Andreas von Stierland 1248-1253  ●  Anno von Sangershausen 1253-1256  ●  Burchard von Hornhausen 1256-1260  ●  Werner von Breithausen 1261-1263  ●  Konrad von Mandern 1263-1266  ●  Otto von Lutterberg 1266-1270  ●  Walther von Nortecken 1270-1273  ●  Ernst von Rassburg  1273-1279   ●  Konrad von Feuchtwangen 1279-1281  ●  Wilken von Endorp 1281-1287  ●  Konrad von Herzogenstein 1288-1290  ●  Halt von Hohembach -1293  ●  Heinrich von Dinkelaghe 1295-1296  ●  Bruno 1296-1298  ●  Gottfried von Rogga 1298-1307  ●  Gerhard van Joeck 1309-1322  ●  Johannes Ungenade 1322-1324  ●  Reimar Hane 1324-1328  ●  Everhard von Monheim 1328-130  ●  Burchard von Dreileben 1340-1345  ●  Goswin von Hercke 1345-1359  ●  Arnold von Vietinghof 1359-1364  ●  Wilhelm von Vrymersheim 1364-1385  ●  Robin von Eltz 1385-1389  ●  Wennemar Hasenkamp von Brüggeneye 1389-1401  ●  Konrad von Vietinghof 1401-1413  ●  Diderick Tork 1413-1415  ●  Siegfried Lander von Spanheim 1415-1424  ●  Zisse von Rutenberg 1424-1433  ●  Franco Kerskorff 1433-1435  ●  Heinrich von Bockenvorde 1435-1437  ●  Heinrich Vinke von Overbergen 1438-1450  ●  Johann Osthoff von Mengede 1450-1469  ●  Johann Wolthuss von Herse 1470-1471  ●  Bernd von der Borch 1471-1483  ●  Johann Freytag von Loringhoven 1483-1494  ●  Wolter von Plettenberg 1494-1535  ●  Hermann Hasenkamp von Brüggeneye 1535-1549  ●  Johann von der Recke 1549-1551  ●  Heinrich von Galen 1551-1557  ●  Johann Wilhelm von Fürstenberg 1557-1559  ●  Godert  Kettler 1559-1561. 
Question: How many years was Heinrich von Galen a Livonian Master? 
Answer type: Number 

Answer: 6.


Question: Passage: The Lithuanian Civil War of 1432-1438 was a conflict over the succession to the throne of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after Vytautas the Great died in 1430 without leaving an heir.  The war was fought on the one side by Švitrigaila, allied with the Teutonic Knights, and on the other by Sigismund Kęstutaitis, backed by the Kingdom of Poland. The war threatened to sever the Union of Krewo, the personal union between Poland and Lithuania. Švitrigaila's alliance with the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Paul von Rusdorf, launched the Polish-Teutonic War  but failed to secure victory for Švitrigaila. When Sigismund captured power in Lithuania by staging a coup in 1432, Lithuania split into two opposing camps, and there began three years of devastating hostilities. To prevent the Knights from continuing their support of Švitrigaila, Poland backed a Hussite invasion of Prussia in 1433. The war ended in a decisive defeat for Švitrigaila and his ally, the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Knights, at the Battle of Pabaiskas in September 1435. Švitrigaila eventually surrendered in 1437; Sigismund Kęstutaitis ruled Lithuania for only eight years before he was assassinated in 1440. 
Question: How many years after defeat did it take for Švitrigaila to surrender? 
Answer type: Number 

Answer:
2.