TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
PROBLEM: Context: A growing body of evidence supports the notion that MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as key regulators of tumorigenesis. In the present study, the expression and roles of miRNA-361-5p were explored in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).', 'Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression miR-361-5p in HCC tissues and pair-matched adjacent normal tissues. MTT and BrdU assays were used to identify the role of miR-361-5p in the regulation of proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. Using bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assays and Western blots were used to identify the molecular target of miR-361-5p. nude mice were used to detect the anti-tumor role of miR-361-5p in vivo.', 'miR-361-5p was down-regulated in HCC tissues in comparison to adjacent normal tissues, due to hypermethylation at its promoter region. Overexpression of miR-361-5p suppressed proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) receptor 6 (CXCR6) was identified as a target of miR-361-5p. Indeed, knockdown of CXCR6 photocopied, while overexpression of CXCR6 largely attenuated the anti-proliferative effect of miR-361-5p. More importantly, in vivo studies demonstrated that forced expression of miR-361-5p significantly inhibited tumor growth in the nude mice.
Answer: Our results indicate that miR-361-5p acts as a tumor suppressor and might serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC patients.

SOLUTION: Does microRNA-361-5p inhibit Cancer Cell Growth by Targeting CXCR6 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

PROBLEM: Context: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intraoperative vasopressin infusion and postoperative cardiac enzymes.', 'A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study.', 'A single tertiary cardiac center.', 'One hundred consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass.', 'The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, and patients provided informed consent to participate. Patients were randomized by computer into 2 equal groups: Vasopressin or control. The blinded study included vasopressin administered at a dose of 1.8 U/h or 1.8 mL/h of normal saline, along with catecholamines. The drug was administered continually during surgery while patients needed catecholamines. The intervention was discontinued upon admission to the intensive care unit when information regarding the true character of the drug was reported to the doctor in charge of patients in the intensive care unit by one of the investigators. Primary outcomes were CK-MB and troponin T levels measured at 0, 6, and 12 hours postoperatively.', 'Of the 100 patients, 8 were excluded; the remaining 92 were randomized to either the vasopressin (n = 47) or control (n = 45) group. There were no significant differences in demographic data between the groups. Postoperatively at 0, 6, and 12 hours, there were no differences in CK-MB (U/l) (37.5 ± 57.9 v 32.0 ± 21.5, 29.4 ± 41.1 v 24.4 ± 23.1, and 21.4 ± 21.3 v. 21.8 ± 32.4, respectively) and troponin T (752.4 ± 638.2 v 762.7 ± 557.1, 753.8 ± 507.3 v 777.6 ± 515.0, and 774.6 ± 572.6 v 698.7 ± 540.2, respectively) values.
Answer: Vasopressin infusion has been used to treat catecholamine-unresponsive shock. In this study, intraoperative vasopressin was used safely as a possible first-line drug for treating hypotension; however, it did not increase the levels of cardiac enzymes after cardiac surgery.

SOLUTION: Does vasopressin raise cardiac enzymes following cardiac surgery : a randomized double-blind clinical trial?

PROBLEM: Context: The current study examined the relation of anger, hostility, and severity of depressive symptoms, alone and in combination, to C-reactive protein (CRP) in healthy men and women.', 'A high sensitivity enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate CRP levels in a multiethnic sample of 127 healthy, nonsmoking men and women. Fasting blood samples were collected the same day the assessments were done of anger and hostility using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) and depressive symptomatology using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A psychological risk factor (PRF) score representing a composite summary indicator of BDI and BPAQ-anger and -hostility was generated using principal component analysis. Log-transformed CRP values were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for control variables of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, exercise frequency, ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and family history of premature coronary heart disease (CHD).', 'Log-normalized CRP was correlated with BDI (r = 0.21, p =.02) and BPAQ anger (r = 0.20, p =.02), but not with BPAQ hostility. After adjustment for control variables, BDI (beta = 0.05, p =.011), BPAQ anger (beta = 0.05, p =.007), and the PRF composite score (beta = 0.27, p =.005), but not BPAQ hostility (beta = 0.03, p =.11), were significantly associated with log-normalized CRP.
Answer: Greater anger and severity of depressive symptoms, separately and in combination with hostility, were significantly associated with elevations in CRP in apparently healthy men and women. These associations were independent of potential confounding factors.

SOLUTION:
Is c-reactive protein associated with psychological risk factors of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy adults?