In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Q: to intervene” as a linguistic tool to highlight how little personal participation the defendant had in the arrest in that particular case. The passage shows how far below the required minimum level of involvement that particular defendant exhibited. Read in whole, Brown more accurately shows that personal participation in an arrest, or supervisory control over the arresting officer, is required in order to establish liability for unlawful arrest — mere presence is not enough. However, even assuming Plaintiffs are correct, and that law enforcement officers have a duty to intervene in other officer’s unlawful arrests, it cannot be said that the Canine Handlers or Alma Officers violated clearly established law in this case. See, e.g., Jones v. Cannon, 174 F.3d 1271, 1286 (11th Cir.1999) (<HOLDING>). The Canine Handlers and Alma Officers were 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that inquiry as to whether officers are entitled to qualified immunity for use of excessive force is distinct from inquiry on the merits of the excessive force claim (B) holding that an officer could be held liable for failing to intervene in preventing an unlawful strip search (C) holding that a military police officer was entitled to qualified immunity from an excessive force suit when he objectively reasonably believed that he used reasonable force (D) holding that while case law generally indicates that an officer can be held liable for failing to intervene in another officers use of excessive force the absence of authority from the supreme court or the eleventh circuit dealing with similar circumstances supported granting qualified immunity to a defendant (E) holding that a police officer was not liable for use of excessive force since  951 requirements were satisfied

A: holding that inquiry as to whether officers are entitled to qualified immunity for use of excessive force is distinct from inquiry on the merits of the excessive force claim
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Q: protected conduct, and that such action (4) chilled the inmate’s exercise of his First Amendment rights, and (5) the action did not reasonably advance a legitimate correctional goal. Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 567-68 (9th Cir.2005). The First Amendment guarantees a prisoner a right to seek redress of grievances from prison authorities and as well as a right of meaningful access to the courts. Bradley v. Hall, 64 F.3d 1276, 1279 (9th Cir.1995); see also Hasan v. U.S. Dep’t of Labor, 400 F.3d 1001, 1005 (7th Cir.2005) (“Prisoners’ grievances, unless frivolous ..., concerning the conditions in which they are being confined are deemed petitions for redress of grievances and thus are protected by the First Amendment.”); Wolfel v. Bates, 707 F.2d 932, 934 (6th Cir.1983) (per curiam) (<HOLDING>). Accordingly, Jones’s complaints of 
 Holding statements: (A) recognizing first amendment retaliation right (B) holding that administrative remedies are unavailable if prison officials fail to respond to prisoners grievances (C) recognizing that prisoners undoubtedly exercise first amendment petition right when filing grievances and stating that prison officials may not retaliate against prisoners for filing grievances (D) holding that an inmate has a first amendment right to file grievances against prison officials (E) recognizing prisoners first amendment right to eom plain to prison officials about discrimination

A: recognizing first amendment retaliation right
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Q: incorporated organizations, on the other," noting that its holding "concerns only schools that have no legal identity separate from a church." Id. at 782 & n. 12, 101 S.Ct. 2142. 124 In contrast, a separate legal entity that is not operated "primarily for religious purposes" is not subject to the exemption, despite affiliations it may have with religious organizations. Rather, as in Samaritan Institute, where courts have found that an organization is an entirely separate legal entity engaging in activities that are not religious per se, they have generally distinguished S6 Martin Evangelical Lutheran Church and held the exemption from unemployment compensation taxes inapplicable. See, e.g., Bethania Ass'n v. Jackson, 262 Ill.App.3d 773, 200 IIl.Dec. 332, 635 N.E.2d 671, 676 (1994) (<HOLDING>); accord Concordia Ass'n v. Ward, 177 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that a faa certificate was not dispositive as to whether an airline operated on an established line for purposes of the excise tax exemption (B) holding that cemetery owned and operated by association of churches was not entitled to unemployment compensation tax exemption because services it provided were the same as those of secular cemeteries and therefore its primary purpose was not religious (C) holding that a charitable organizations religious purposes will not remove it from the purview of a property tax exemption (D) holding that the statutes establishing the national motto and directing its reproduction on us currency clearly have a secular purpose and that the mottos primary effect is not to advance religion instead it is a form of ceremonial deism  and therefore the statutes do not violate the establishment clause (E) holding american association of cereal chemists and american phytopathological society was not entitled to realestate tax exemption as seminaries of learning even though their primary purpose was educational because the offerings were restricted to the limited area the organizations promote

A:
holding that a faa certificate was not dispositive as to whether an airline operated on an established line for purposes of the excise tax exemption
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