Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Bradykinin is a neuropeptide released after tissue damage which plays an important role in inflammatory pain. The up-regulation of the bradykinin B1 receptor in response to inflammation makes it an attractive target for drug development. Aim was to investigate if the selective B1 receptor antagonist BI113823 reduces inflammation-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and if the effect is mediated via peripheral and/or spinal B1 receptor antagonism.', "Electrophysiological recordings of peripheral afferents and spinal neurons were combined with behavioural experiments to better understand the underlying mechanisms of B1 receptor antagonism. Experiments were performed 24\u2009h after injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or saline into the paw of Wistar rats. A gene expression analysis for the B1 receptor was performed in different tissues. BI113823 was administered orally or intrathecally to assess effects on CFA-induced hyperalgesia. Peripheral afferents of the saphenous nerve as well as spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) and nociceptive-specific (NS) neurons were recorded, and mechanosensitivity was measured before and after BI113823 administration.", 'BI113823 reduced CFA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia when administered orally or intrathecally. An increased B1 receptor gene expression was found in peripheral and spinal neural tissue. BI113823 significantly reduced mechanosensitivity of peripheral afferents and spinal NS neurons, but had no effect on WDR neurons.
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International registries for acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD) demonstrate stagnant operative mortality rates in excess of 20% and stroke rates of 9% to 25%, with little global emphasis on stroke reduction or carotid involvement. Cerebral malperfusion with TAAD has been linked to poorer outcome. We hypothesize that concomitant carotid dissection or complex dissection flaps in the arch play a major role in stroke development and that aggressive reconstruction of the arch and carotid arteries can improve neurologic outcomes in TAAD.', 'A standardized protocol focused on expedient care, neurocerebral protection, and common carotid and total arch reconstruction was developed for 264\xa0consecutive TAADs. Arch and complete carotid replacement was based on arch dissection anatomy, carotid involvement, or an intraarch tear. Neurocerebral monitoring with continuous electroencephalogram/somatosensory evoked potentials was used in all cases.', 'The postoperative stroke and hospital mortality rates were 3.4% and 9.1%, and stroke rates by extent of arch replacement were 4%, 3%, and 0% for hemiarch, total arch, and total arch with complete carotid replacement, respectively. An intraoperative change in the electroencephalogram/somatosensory evoked potentials was strongly predictive of stroke and had a negative predictive value of 98.2%.
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Recently, a considerable amount of evidence suggested that anxiety, depression and other psychosocial variables might influence the outcomes of cardiac surgery. This study investigated the relationship between length of stay at the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital after surgery and different psychosocial variables (e.g. depression, anxiety, self rated health, happiness, satisfaction).', 'We enrolled prospective patients who were waiting for elective cardiac surgery (N\u2009=\u2009267) and consented to take part in the study. We collected data of sociodemographic, medical and perioperative factors as well as psychosocial questionnaires completed 1.56\xa0days (standard deviation [SD]\u2009=\u20090.7) before surgery. The primary clinical endpoint was an ICU stay of at least 3\xa0days and the secondary was hospital stay of at least 10\xa0days.', 'Two hundred sixty-seven patients participated in this study. Four patients (1.5%) died in the hospital and 38 patients (14.5%) spent more than 3\xa0days in the ICU and 62 patients (23.2%) spent more than 10\xa0days in the hospital. After controlling for medical and sociodemographic factors, lower self rated health (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28-0.95; p\u2009=\u20090.03), lower rate of happiness (AOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.97, p\u2009=\u20090.03), postoperative cardiac failure (AOR: 7.09, 95% CI:1.21-41.54; p\u2009=\u20090.03) and postoperative complications (AOR: 9.52, 95% CI: 3.76-24.11; p\u2009<\u20090.001) were associated with longer ICU stay. More than 10\xa0days of hospital stay was associated with higher occurrence of COPD (AOR 4.56, CI: 1.95-10.67, p\u2009<\u20090.001), NYHA stage (AOR 6.76, CI: 2.57-17.79, p\u2009<\u20090.001), operation time (AOR 1.45, CI: 1.19-1.76, p\u2009<\u20090.001), female gender (AOR 2.16, CI: 1.06-4.40, p\u2009=\u20090.034) and lower self-rated health (AOR 0.63, CI: 0.41-0.99, p\u2009=\u20090.044).

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