Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: It has been reported that T-cell depletion by in vivo treatment with monoclonal antibodies results in polyclonal B-cell activation. However, its effects on B cells responding to Galalpha1,3Gal (Gal) epitopes remain unknown.', 'alpha1,3-Galactosyltransferase-deficient (GalT-/-) mice were treated with depleting anti-CD4 and CD8 monoclonal antibodies. The kinetics of anti-Gal natural antibodies (NAb) and total immunoglobulin levels in their sera were evaluated. The frequencies of anti-Gal NAb-producing cells were determined in the various tissues of GalT-/- mice by enzyme-linked immunospot assay.', 'In vivo T-cell depletion led to significant increases in both anti-Gal IgM and total IgM levels in sera of GalT-/- mice, but did not influence either anti-Gal IgG or total IgG levels. An increased frequency of anti-Gal and total IgM-producing cells was observed in the spleens and bone marrow of T-cell-depleted GalT-/-mice but not in peritoneal cavity cells.

Answer: 0


Question: Neonatal therapy-resistant septic shock is a common problem in middle and low-income countries. We investigated whether newborn infants with infection and therapy-resistant hypotension showed evidence of abnormal levels of cortisol or cortisol precursors.', 'A total of 60 term or near term neonates with evidence of infection were enrolled after informed consent. Of these, 30 had an infection and refractory shock and 30 had an infection without shock. There were no detectable differences between the groups in the length of gestation, birth weight or gender distribution. Serum was obtained during days four and 14 after birth. Cortisol and cortisol precursor concentrations were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.', 'The cortisol concentrations were low considering the expected responses to stress and they did not differ between the groups. The infants with infection and shock had higher serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels than those without shock (319.0 ± 110.3 μg/dL, versus 22.3 ± 18.3 μg/dL; p < 0.0001) and they also had higher 17-hydroxy-pregnenolone, pregnenolone and progesterone concentrations. There were no detectable differences in the levels of 17-hydroxy-progesterone, 11-deoxy-cortisol, cortisol or cortisone.

Answer: 1


Question: Agents with α-2 adrenoreceptor (AR) agonistic action have reportedly suppressed tachyarrhythmias.', '\u2002We hypothesized that α-2 AR agonists would have an inhibitory effect on abnormal repolarization-related ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs). To test this hypothesis, the effects of 2 clinically available α-2 AR agonists (dexmedetomidine and clonidine) on the occurrence of VTs were assessed in a methoxamine-sensitized rabbit model of acquired long QT syndrome (Study 1: n=45). In control rabbits, administration of methoxamine and nifekalant almost invariably caused VTs (14/15). In contrast, incidence of VT significantly decreased during the treatment with dexmedetomidine (1μg·kg(-1)·min(-1): 5/12 [P<0.01 vs. control]) or with clonidine (33.3μg·kg(-1)·min(-1): 10/18 [P<0.01]). To verify that VTs in this animal model are triggered by early afterdepolarization (EAD), the monophasic action potential on the left ventricular surface was recorded in 28 open-chest rabbits (Study 2). EAD-like hump was less frequently detected during treatment with clonidine or dexmedetomidine (2/14) than in saline-treated rabbits (9/10, P<0.005). Presence of a hump was significantly related to the advent of VTs (P<0.05).

Answer:
0