In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Cicatricial alopecia is a form of hair loss that causes both cosmetic and psychological concerns. Although tissue expanders are the common approach to reconstruction, no algorithm exists in the literature for this process. In this study, it was aimed to create an algorithm for the reconstruction of lateral scalp alopecias with the goal to achieve better and standardized results.', 'Lateral scalp alopecias were divided into three groups: total lateral alopecia (type I), temporal and sideburn alopecia (type II), and sideburn alopecia (type III). Tissue expanders were placed at the parieto-occipital area in type I defects, parietal area in type II defects, and the temporal region in type III defects. Tissue expanders were used to create flaps that were advanced with 60° rotation, 90° rotation, and no rotation for type I, II, and III defects, respectively.', 'Fifteen patients were treated with this algorithm. Using this simple approach, we achieved natural, standardized aesthetic results for each patient, all of whom were satisfied with the final results.\Question: Do our experiences on the reconstruction of lateral scalp burn alopecia with tissue expanders?

Output: Although the number of case were limited, the ideal and standardized cosmetic results could be obtained by this approach.


Input: Consider Input: Context: DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides is modified in tumorigenesis with potential impact on transcriptional activity.', 'We used the Illumina 450 K platform to evaluate DNA methylation patterns of 50 metastatic melanoma tumors, with matched gene expression data.', 'We identified three different methylation groups and validated the groups in independent data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. One group displayed hypermethylation of a developmental promoter set, genome-wide demethylation, increased proliferation and activity of the SWI/SNF complex. A second group had a methylation pattern resembling stromal and leukocyte cells, over-expressed an immune signature and had improved survival rates in metastatic tumors (p < 0.05). A third group had intermediate methylation levels and expressed both proliferative and immune signatures. The methylation groups corresponded to some degree with previously identified gene expression phenotypes.\Question: Are dNA methylation subgroups in melanoma associated with proliferative and immunological processes?

Output: Melanoma consists of divergent methylation groups that are distinguished by promoter methylation, proliferation and content of immunological cells.


Input: Consider Input: Context: We sought to determine whether interleukin (IL)-6 modulates myocardial infarction or the late phase of preconditioning (PC).', 'Wild-type and IL-6(-/-) mice underwent a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 24 h of reperfusion with or without six cycles of coronary occlusion/reperfusion 24 h earlier. Myocardial IL-6 protein expression, activation of Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and JAK2, and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 after ischemic PC protocol were examined. The expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 was determined 24 h after the PC ischemia.', 'In preconditioned wild-type mice, infarct size was reduced from 60.5+/-2.6% of the risk region to 33.5+/-3.6%, indicating a late PC effect. In nonpreconditioned IL-6(-/-) mice, infarct size was similar to that observed in wild-type mice (59.9+/-3.8%), indicating that the deletion of IL-6 has no effect on infarct size. However, in preconditioned IL-6(-/-) mice, infarct size was not reduced (65.1+/-3.1%), indicating that the infarct-sparing effect was completely abrogated. Ischemic PC increased the expression of IL-6 in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes in the ischemic/reperfused zone. In IL-6(-/-) mice, the ischemic PC-induced activation of JAK1 and JAK2 and STAT1 and STAT3 was significantly reduced, and the increase in iNOS and COX-2 protein expression 24 h after the PC ischemia was markedly attenuated.\Question: Does iL-6 play an obligatory role in late preconditioning via JAK-STAT signaling and upregulation of iNOS and COX-2?


Output: IL-6 does not modulate myocardial infarct size in naïve myocardium. However, following a PC stimulus, IL-6 is obligatorily required for the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, the ensuing upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 (co-mediators of late PC), and the development of a cardioprotective phenotype.