In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Q: the only semblance of moderation associated with today's writing is the strategic decision to overrule st. elizabeth hospital while apparently leaving all related law in place.

A: overruling
****
Q: after careful and deliberate study of each of the cases and treatises cited by counsel for the respective parties, as supplemented by own independent research, we are constrained to overrule collins and adopt justice (later chief justice) gardner's dissent in that case.

A: overruling
****
Q: accordingly, we recede from this court's decision in donahue, and affirm appellant's conviction and sentence in all respects.

A:
overruling
****