In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Ex Input:
Context: Coagulation Factor XIII (FXIII) plays an important role in wound healing by stabilizing fibrin clots and cross-linking extracellular matrix proteins. FXIII is expressed in cells of the monocyte/macrophage and dendritic cell lineages in response to type 2 cytokines.', 'We sought to determine the association between FXIII and asthma pathobiology.', 'We analyzed the expression of FXIII mRNA and protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage samples obtained before and after segmental allergen challenge from patients with mild asthma and in induced sputum samples collected from patients with mild-to-moderate and severe asthma.', 'FXIII mRNA and protein levels were highly upregulated in bronchoalveolar cells and fluid after allergen challenge and mRNA levels correlated with protein levels. In sputum of asthmatic patients, FXIII expression was positively correlated with type 2 immune response and dendritic cell markers (CD209 and CD207). FXIII expression was also associated with increased airflow limitation (FEV1/forced vital capacity and residual volume/total lung capacity ratios) and greater reversibility to β-agonists.\Question: Does airway factor XIII associate with type 2 inflammation and airway obstruction in asthmatic patients?

Ex Output:
FXIII expression was upregulated in the airways of asthmatic patients after allergen exposure. Expression in the sputum of asthmatic patients correlated with the type 2 immune response and airflow limitation. Excessive activity of FXIII could contribute to the pathophysiology of airway obstruction in asthmatic patients.


Ex Input:
Context: To demonstrate the effect in vivo of the myocilin gene mutation Thr377Met on outflow facility of aqueous humor, as measured by tonography.', 'Forty-two members of a pedigree known to carry the Thr377Met mutation were examined for glaucoma, evaluated with tonography, and screened for myocilin mutations. Tonography was used to calculate the coefficient of aqueous outflow facility (C), as well as the ratio of the resting intraocular pressure to C (P(0)/C). Subjects were reexamined for glaucoma 5 years after tonography.', "Seven subjects were excluded because of previous treatment known to alter facility of aqueous outflow. The mean outflow facility of the eyes of the 12 subjects carrying the Thr377Met mutation was significantly reduced compared with the 23 non-carriers' eyes using both C (P<0.001) and P(0)/C (P<0.001). Reduced outflow facility was also demonstrated in those mutation carriers who were not yet expressing clinical signs of glaucoma or ocular hypertension when measured using C (P = 0.015) and P(0)/C (P = 0.001). After 5 years, progression towards glaucoma had occurred in 5 of the myocilin mutation-carriers, 2 of whom showed bilateral progression; 3 carriers remained completely normal. Four subjects had bilateral glaucoma at the outset and remained unchanged. The carriers' eyes that progressed towards glaucoma had reduced outflow facility compared with those that remained normal, although the difference was not statistically significant.\Question: Does tonography demonstrate reduced facility of outflow of aqueous humor in myocilin mutation carriers?

Ex Output:
Carriers of the myocilin Thr377Met mutation have reduced outflow facility, which may be detected prior to developing glaucoma. Tonography was not seen to be clinically useful in predicting progression towards glaucoma.


Ex Input:
Context: To evaluate the adequacy of retrobulbar block anesthesia only in vitreoretinal surgery.', 'The study involved 90 patients, 25 who underwent 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy and 65 who underwent 20-gauge standard pars plana vitrectomy. Twenty-five of the 90 patients also underwent combined phacoemulsification and posterior intraocular lens implantation. The efficacy of retrobulbar block anesthesia only was assessed by monitoring vital signs during surgery, reviewing patient responses to a questionnaire regarding their experience during surgery, and analyzing surgical outcomes.', 'Four patients complained of moderate pain during surgery, but no patient complained of severe pain. Infiltrative anesthesia was additionally required in 14 patients. No patient experienced intraoperative complications due to head movement. Increased systolic blood pressure greater than 15 mm Hg occurred in 11 patients and increased respiratory rate by 3 breaths per minute or greater occurred in 7 patients. Anatomical and functional success rates were 95% and 80%, respectively. Complications included manageable retrobulbar bleeding (1 patient) and postoperative neovascular glaucoma (2 patients).\Question: Do the efficacy of retrobulbar block anesthesia only in pars plana vitrectomy and transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy?

Ex Output:

Vitreoretinal surgery, particularly 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy, can be safely and efficiently performed under retrobulbar block anesthesia only. Retrobulbar block anesthesia only could become a more acceptable anesthesia for vitreoretinal surgery for selected patients.