In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Q: Context: Cardiac mass and volumes are often elevated in athletes, but it is not known whether moderate physical activity is also associated with cardiac dilatation and hypertrophy in a healthy adult population.', 'In total, 1096 adults (54% female, median age 39 years) without cardiovascular disease or cardiomyopathy-associated genetic variants underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to determine biventricular volumes and function. Physical activity was assessed using a validated activity questionnaire. The relationship between cardiac parameters and activity was assessed using multiple linear regression adjusting for age, sex, race, and systolic blood pressure. Logistic regression was performed to determine the effect of activity on the likelihood of subjects having cardiac dilatation or hypertrophy according to standard cardiac magnetic resonance normal ranges. Increasing physical activity was associated with greater left ventricular (LV) mass (β=0.23; P<0.0001) and elevated LV and right ventricular volumes (LV: β=0.26, P<0.0001; right ventricular: β=0.26, P<0.0001). Physical activity had a larger effect on cardiac parameters than systolic blood pressure (0.06≤β≤0.21) and a similar effect to age (-0.20≤β≤-0.31). Increasing physical activity was a risk factor for meeting imaging criteria for LV hypertrophy (adjusted odds ratio 2.1; P<0.0001), LV dilatation (adjusted odds ratio 2.2; P<0.0001), and right ventricular dilatation (adjusted odds ratio 2.2; P<0.0001).\Question: Does moderate Physical Activity in Healthy Adults be Associated With Cardiac Remodeling?

A: Exercise-related cardiac remodeling is not confined to athletes, and there is a risk of overdiagnosing cardiac dilatation or hypertrophy in a proportion of active, healthy adults.
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Q: Context: Most melanomas harbor oncogenic BRAF(V600) mutations, which constitutively activate the MAPK pathway. Although MAPK pathway inhibitors show clinical benefit in BRAF(V600)-mutant melanoma, it remains incompletely understood why 10% to 20% of patients fail to respond. Here, we show that RAF inhibitor-sensitive and inhibitor-resistant BRAF(V600)-mutant melanomas display distinct transcriptional profiles. Whereas most drug-sensitive cell lines and patient biopsies showed high expression and activity of the melanocytic lineage transcription factor MITF, intrinsically resistant cell lines and biopsies displayed low MITF expression but higher levels of NF-κB signaling and the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL. In vitro, these MITF-low/NF-κB-high melanomas were resistant to inhibition of RAF and MEK, singly or in combination, and ERK. Moreover, in cell lines, NF-κB activation antagonized MITF expression and induced both resistance marker genes and drug resistance. Thus, distinct cell states characterized by MITF or NF-κB activity may influence intrinsic resistance to MAPK pathway inhibitors in BRAF(V600)-mutant melanoma.\Question: Does a melanoma cell state distinction influence sensitivity to MAPK pathway inhibitors?

A: Although most BRAF(V600)-mutant melanomas are sensitive to RAF and/or MEK inhibitors, a subset fails to respond to such treatment. This study characterizes a transcriptional cell state distinction linked to MITF and NF-κB that may modulate intrinsic sensitivity of melanomas to MAPK pathway inhibitors.
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Q: Context: Bone graft to reconstruct the temporomandibular joint for ankylosis patient is effective. This study used three-dimensional measurement to evaluate the effect between free coronoid process graft (CPG) and costochondral graft (CCG) in the temporomandibular joint reconstruction.', 'Patients treated with CPG or CCG from 2011 to 2014 were included in the study. Postoperative computed tomography scan data within 1 week and during at least 6 months follow-up after operation were imported into Proplan CMF 1.4 software (Materialize, Belgium) for three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement. Heights of the mandibular ramus were measured and compared between the 2 groups. Maximum mouth opening and occlusion were also evaluated and compared before and after operation.', 'Ten patients with 15 reconstructed joints were included in the study. In the CPG group, the decrease of ramus height was 5.4 mm after a mean follow-up period of 16.8 months (ranged from 6 to 22 months), whereas in the CCG group, it was 2.4 mm after a mean follow-up period of 14.4 months (ranged from 6 to 30 months). There was significant difference of ramus height decrease between the CPG group and the CCG group (P < 0.05). Maximum mouth opening was significantly increased after operation than before in both groups (P < 0.05). Open bite happened in 4 of 5 patients in the CPG group, and 1 of 5 patients in the CCG group.\Question: Do a Comparison of the Effect Between Coronoid Process Graft and Costochondral Graft in the Reconstruction of Temporomandibular Joint?

A:
CPG has higher frequency of a malocclusion secondary to resorption than CCG for the ramus reconstruction.
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