In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Input: Consider Input: with the pathological structure of BPD, as seen in the lungs of preterm infants who died and in animal models (3, 7). As the authors note, this study was limited in that the subjects with BPD were stable outpatients younger than 3 years who did not require oxygen therapy at the time of the study. Whether their findings hold true in infants with persistent severe BPD, including those with chronic ventilator-dependent hypoxemic respiratory failure, is not clear. In addition, BPD classification was based on clinical decision making, rather than a physiologic assessment such as the oxygen reduction test (11). In an earlier article, members of this group studied DL CO and its components, DM and Vc, in full-term infants without lung disease and showed that DL CO and Vc (but not DM) correlated with the level of proangiogenic circulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (pCHSPCs) (12). However, this study did not include preterm infants with or without BPD. Both pCHSPCs, also referred to as circulating progenitor cells, as well as late-outgrowth endothelial colony-forming cells, are decreased in the cord blood of preterm infants who later develop moderate or severe BPD (13, 14) . Together, these findings suggest that early disruptions in the number and function of angiogenic progenitor cells, possibly by maternal complications of pregnancy known to be associated with BPD risk, may lead to impaired development of the pulmonary vasculature and sustained impaired gas exchange in preterm infants with BPD. This study shows how a physiologic assessment, such as infant pulmonary function testing, may be used in the clinical setting to provide an estimation of impaired gas exchange in preterm infants with varying degrees of lung injury. Combining functional assays such as this with measurement of pCHSPCs and other angiogenic biomarkers in the cord blood, as well as novel imaging techniques such as quantitative pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (15), will lead to improved disease phenotyping of preterm infants at risk for BPD. Given the spectrum of disease severity among infants with severe BPD (as determined by the currently accepted diagnostic criteria), novel methods such as these will help identify preterm neonates more accurately, permit targeted therapies for the most severely affected infants, and provide quantitative evidence of the efficacy of these interventions in young children after preterm birth (16). n

Output: Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia


Input: Consider Input: Ubiquitination, a post-translational modification, mediates diverse cellular functions including endocytic transport of molecules. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), an enveloped herpesvirus, enters endothelial cells primarily through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Whether ubiquitination and proteasome activity regulates KSHV entry and endocytosis remains unknown. We showed that inhibition of proteasome activity reduced KSHV entry into endothelial cells and intracellular trafficking to nuclei, thus preventing KSHV infection of the cells. Three-dimensional (3-D) analyses revealed accumulation of KSHV particles in a cytoplasmic compartment identified as EEA1+ endosomal vesicles upon proteasome inhibition. KSHV particles are colocalized with ubiquitin-binding proteins epsin and eps15. Furthermore, ubiquitination mediates internalization of both KSHV and one of its receptors integrin b1. KSHV particles are colocalized with activated forms of the E3 ligase c-Cbl. Knock-down of c-Cbl or inhibition of its phosphorylation reduced viral entry and intracellular trafficking, resulting in decreased KSHV infectivity. These results demonstrate that ubiquitination mediates internalization of both KSHV and one of its cognate receptors integrin b1, and identify c-Cbl as a potential E3 ligase that facilitates this process.

Output: Associated Herpesvirus in Endothelial Cells


Input: Consider Input: SIR and SEIR models Bayesian inference Model selection Nonidentifiability Quarantine Peak time of epidemic a b s t r a c t Since the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan City in December of 2019, numerous model predictions on the COVID-19 epidemics in Wuhan and other parts of China have been reported. These model predictions have shown a wide range of variations. In our study, we demonstrate that nonidentifiability in model calibrations using the confirmed-case data is the main reason for such wide variations. Using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) for model selection, we show that an SIR model performs much better than an SEIR model in representing the information contained in the confirmed-case data. This indicates that predictions using more complex models may not be more reliable compared to using a simpler model. We present our model predictions for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan after the lockdown and quarantine of the city on January 23, 2020. We also report our results of modeling the impacts of the strict quarantine measures undertaken in the city after February 7 on the time course of the epidemic, and modeling the potential of a second outbreak after the return-to-work in the city.


Output: -NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)