In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[Q]: This composer reworked an instrumental sarabande into the aria Lascia ch'io planga. He called for improvised solo organ pieces to be placed ad libitum into the later of his organ concertos, a genre he invented to show off. The "Hailstone Chorus" appears in the first part of an oratorio by this man whose second part is "The Song of Moses"; that work is Israel in Egypt. One of this man's works includes a suite in G major that has a rigaudon, a minuet, and five shorter, unnamed pieces, as well as a suite in F major that begins with a (*) French overture. That piece was written to be played on barges floating on the River Thames for King George I. For 10 points, name this Baroque composer who wrote Water Music and the oratorio Messiah.
[A]: Fine Arts


[Q]: One party in this conflict was led for part of it by the namesake of a battleship famous in a later conflict, the Duke of Caxias. This clash was precipitated by the ouster of Atansio Aguirre. Victory at Curupayty forestalled defeat for the eventual losers, whose fate was practically sealed after the naval Battle of Riachuelo. This war's namesake treaty was the brainchild of Bartolom Mitre, who favored the Colorado Party over the Blanco Party in Uruguay. FTP, name this conflict in which Paraguay under Francisco Solano Lpez was eventually defeated by the namesake entity, consisting of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.
[A]: History


[Q]: The losers in this conflict put faith in a machine gun called the mitrailleuse, while the winning side used Krupp steel to improve their field rifles. The losing side in this conflict disastrously split up its army following a defeat at the Battle of Froeschwiller, also called the Battle of Worth. The pivotal battle in this conflict saw a failed attempt to relieve troops under Bazaine by Marshal Patrice (*) Mac-Mahon. Prior to the outbreak of this war, Prince Leopold would have succeeded Isabella II on the throne of Spain. The victor in this war had earlier defeated Austria in the Seven Weeks' War, and this war was sparked by the Ems Telegram. It witnessed the Battle of Sedan and brought down the Second Empire. For 10 points, name this 1870 conflict between states led by Napoleon III and Otto von Bismarck.
[A]:
History