TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
PROBLEM: Context: Parkinsonian signs, especially gait impairment, are common and associated with morbidity and mortality in older persons. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that substantia nigra neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are related to parkinsonian signs in older persons with and without dementia.', "We studied 86 deceased older Catholic clergy without idiopathic Parkinson's disease from the Religious Order Study, a longitudinal clinical-pathological study. Mean age at death was 85.3 years. Signs of gait disturbance, bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor were assessed proximate to death using a modified Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Forty-micrometer paraffin-embedded sections of substantia nigra were bleached before tau immunohistochemistry and the optical disector was used to count NFTs. We used multivariable linear regression to examine parkinsonian signs as a function of nigra NFTs, controlling for age, sex, education, and cortical NFTs.", 'Substantia nigra NFTs were present in 67 of 86 persons (77.9%). After controlling for age, sex, education, and cortical NFTs, nigra NFTs were related to gait impairment (p < 0.001), but not bradykinesia, rigidity, or tremor. Results were not confounded by dementia, Braak score, neuroleptic medication, cerebral infarcts, or Lewy bodies.
Answer: NFTs in the substantia nigra are associated with gait impairment in older persons with and without dementia.

SOLUTION: Are substantia nigra tangles related to gait impairment in older persons?

PROBLEM: Context: Fatty acid synthase has been shown to be over expressed in a wide range of cancers and it has emerged as a therapeutic target. We examined whether fatty acid synthase could be a novel therapeutic target for renal cell carcinoma using the pharmacological fatty acid synthase inhibitor C75 (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan).', 'The effects of C75 on cell viability and proliferation in human renal cancer 769P (ATCC(R)), Caki-1 and KU20-01 cells were examined by MTS assay and cell counts. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry and cell invasiveness was assessed by wound healing and Matrigel(trade mark) invasion assays. Fatty acid synthase expression and the effects of C75 on intracellular signaling pathways were analyzed by Western blotting. The antitumor efficacy of C75 was examined using Caki-1 cell xenografts.', 'All renal cancer cell lines expressed detectable fatty acid synthase. C75 (10 mug/ml) significantly inhibited cell viability and growth by arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and inducing apoptosis (p <0.01). The covered area in the wound and the number of cells invading through a Matrigel chamber were significantly smaller for cells treated with C75 than they were for control cells treated with vehicle (p <0.001). C75 suppressed Her2 and epidermal growth factor receptor expression as well as STAT3 phosphorylation, while increasing p53 and p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression. Intraperitoneal administration of C75 at doses of 20 mg/kg per week for 28 days significantly reduced the tumor volume of Caki-1 xenografts (p <0.05).
Answer: Pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid synthase could be an effective strategy for treating renal cell carcinoma.

SOLUTION: Does pharmacological inhibitor of fatty acid synthase suppress growth and invasiveness of renal cancer cells?

PROBLEM: Context: To examine the relationship between sodium intake and urinary albumin excretion, being an established risk marker for later cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.', 'Cross-sectional cohort study using linear regression analysis. Setting. University hospital outpatient clinic.', 'A cohort drawn from the general population, consisting of 7850 subjects 28-75 years of age, all inhabitants of the city of Groningen, the Netherlands. The cohort is enriched for the presence of subjects with elevated urinary albumin concentration.', 'The results show a positive relationship between dietary sodium intake and urinary albumin excretion. The association was independent of other cardiovascular risk factors (such as sex, age, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, serum cholesterol, plasma glucose and smoking) and other food constituents (calcium, potassium and protein). The relationship between sodium intake and urinary albumin excretion was steeper in subjects with a higher BMI compared with a lower BMI.
Answer: Sodium intake is positively related to urinary albumin excretion. This relation is more pronounced in subjects with a higher BMI. These results suggest that high sodium intake may unfavourably influences cardiovascular prognosis especially in overweight and obese subjects.

SOLUTION:
Does sodium intake affect urinary albumin excretion especially in overweight subjects?