Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: We examined the effect of prior heating, by exercise and warm-water immersion, on core cooling rates in individuals rendered mildly hypothermic by immersion in cold water.', 'There were seven male subjects who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) seated rest for 15 min (control); 2) cycling ergometry for 15 min at 70% Vo2 peak (active warming); or 3) immersion in a circulated bath at 40 degrees C to an esophageal temperature (Tes) similar to that at the end of exercise (passive warming). Subjects were then immersed in 7 degrees C water to a Tes of 34.5 degrees C.', 'Initial Tes cooling rates (initial approximately 6 min cooling) differed significantly among the treatment conditions (0.074 +/- 0.045, 0.129 +/- 0.076, and 0.348 +/- 0.117 degrees C x min(-1) for control, active, and passive warming conditions, respectively); however, secondary cooling rates (rates following initial approximately 6 min cooling to the end of immersion) were not different between treatments (average of 0.102 +/- 0.085 degrees C x min(-1)). Overall Tes cooling rates during the full immersion period differed significantly and were 0.067 +/- 0.047, 0.085 +/- 0.045, and 0.209 +/- 0.131 degrees C x min(-1) for control, active, and passive warming, respectively.

A: Does warming by immersion or exercise affect initial cooling rate during subsequent cold water immersion?
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Q: To analyze the functional connectivity patterns of the different EEG bands during wakefulness and sleep (different sleep stages and cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) conditions), using concepts derived from Graph Theory.', 'We evaluated spatial patterns of EEG band synchronization between all possible pairs of electrodes (19) placed over the scalp of 10 sleeping healthy young normal subjects using two graph theoretical measures: the clustering coefficient (Cp) and the characteristic path length (Lp). The measures were obtained during wakefulness and the different sleep stages/CAP conditions from the real EEG connectivity networks and randomized control (surrogate) networks (Cp-s and Lp-s).', 'We found values of Cp and Lp compatible with a small-world network organization in all sleep stages and for all EEG bands. All bands below 15Hz showed an increase of these features during sleep (and during CAP-A phases in particular), compared to wakefulness.

A: Does the functional connectivity of different EEG bands move towards small-world network organization during sleep?
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Q: Perinatal asphyxia and ensuing reoxygenation change the antioxidant capacity of cells and organs.', 'To analyze the neuroprotective effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) after perinatal hypoxia-reoxygenation with an emphasis on proinflammatory cytokines and the transcription factor NF-x03BA;B in the prefrontal cortex of neonatal pigs.', 'Twenty-nine newborn pigs, aged 12-36 h, were subjected to global hypoxia and hypercapnia. One sham-operated group (n = 5) and 2 experimental groups (n = 12) were exposed to 8% oxygen, until the base excess was -20 mmol/l or the mean arterial blood pressure fell to <20 mm Hg (asphyxia with NACA or saline). The pigs were observed for 9.5 h after hypoxia. Samples of prefrontal cortex and plasma were analyzed.', 'Cortex: there was no significant difference in mRNA expression between the intervention groups regarding IL-1β, IL6, TNFα, MMP2, MMP9 or IL18. Pigs exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation and treatment with NACA (NACA-pigs) had a significantly lower protein concentration of IL-1β than pigs treated with saline (placebo controls), i.e. 8.8 ± 3.9 versus 16.8 ± 10.5 pg/mg protein (p = 0.02). The activation of the transcription factor NF-x03BA;B (measured as the fold-change of phosphorylated p65Ser 536), was reduced in the NACA-pigs when compared to the placebo controls (5.2 ± 4.3 vs. 16.0 ± 13.5; p = 0.02). No difference between the intervention groups regarding brain histopathology or in the levels of 8-oxoguanine measured in the prefrontal cortex were observed. Plasma: the NACA-pigs had a stronger reduction of TNFα in the first 30 min following asphyxia compared with the placebo controls, i.e. 36 (30-44) versus 24 (14-32)% (p = 0.01).

A:
Does n-Acetylcysteine Amide exert Possible Neuroprotective Effects in Newborn Pigs after Perinatal Asphyxia?
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