instruction:
This task involves creating answers to complex questions, from a given passage. Answering these questions, typically involve understanding multiple sentences. Make sure that your answer has the same type as the "answer type" mentioned in input. The provided "answer type" can be of any of the following types: "span", "date", "number". A "span" answer is a continuous phrase taken directly from the passage or question. You can directly copy-paste the text from the passage or the question for span type answers. If you find multiple spans, please add them all as a comma separated list. Please restrict each span to five words. A "number" type answer can include a digit specifying an actual value. For "date" type answers, use DD MM YYYY format e.g. 11 Jan 1992. If full date is not available in the passage you can write partial date such as 1992 or Jan 1992. If you find multiple spans, please add them all as a comma separated list. Please restrict each span to five words.
question:
Passage: In 1860, there were 20,000 professionals in Russia and 85,000 by 1900. Originally composed of educated nobles, the intelligentsia became dominated by raznochintsy (class-less people) after 1861. In 1833, 78.9 per cent of secondary-school students were children of nobles and bureaucrats, by 1885 they were 49.1 per cent of such students. The proportion of commoners increased from 19.0 to 43.8 per cent, and the remaining percentage were the children of priests. In fear of an educated proletariat, Tsar Nicholas I of Russia limited the number of university students to 3,000 per year, yet there were 25,000 students, by 1894. Similarly the number of periodicals increased from 15 in 1855 to 140 periodical publications in 1885. The "third element" were professionals hired by zemstva. By 1900, there were 47,000 of them, most were liberal radicals. 
Question: How many more professionals in Russia 1900 than in 1860? 
Answer type: Number 
answer:
65000.


question:
Passage: Main article: Kazan rebellion of 1552-56. 18,000 men were left as a garrison and Ivan returned to Moscow to celebrate. After the fall of Kazan resistance continued in the countryside. The tribes refused to pay taxes. Russian merchants were killed which led to reprisals. The forts of Çalım and Mişätamaq and were built on the west and east sides of the Volga. The Nogai Ali Akram was brought in as khan. Soltikov marched against Mişätamaq but he and 500 men were surrounded in the snow and killed. Ivan sent a larger force. There were daily combats in the snow and forests. Ten thousand men were killed, six thousand were captured along with fifteen thousand women and children. 1600 leading Tatars were put to death.The leaders Yepancha and Aleka were killed.  Ali Akram proved incompetent and was killed by Mameshbirde. Mameshbirde was betrayed to the Russians. The fort of Mişätamaq fell at some point. After the fall of Çalım in 1556 most resistance came to an end. In 1556 the Russians went down the Volga and conquered the Khanate of Astrakhan. In 1558 Anikey Stroganov was granted large lands on the Kama River northeast of Kazan, which he worked to develop. In 1582 the Stroganovs were involved in the conquest of the Khanate of Sibir east of the Urals. The Kazan Tatars continued to live in the area and retained their language and religion. 
Question: How many total people were killed or captured by Ivan? 
Answer type: Number 
answer:
31000.


question:
Passage: The Bengals were home for their Week 10 match-up with the San Diego Chargers.  The Bengals struck first, with fullback Jeremi Johnson's 3-yard TD run.  Running back Rudi Johnson scored next on 7-yard TD run. Quarterback Carson Palmer completed a 51-yard pass to wide receiver Chad Johnson for the third touchdown of the first quarter.  In the second quarter, the Chargers managed to get on the board with running back LaDainian Tomlinson's 9-yard touchdown run.  Cincinnati responded with 7-yard touchdown reception by wide receiver Chris Henry. In the third quarter, Tomlinson scored again on a 4-yard touchdown run, and quarterback Philip Rivers threw a 46-yard touchdown pass to Charger wide receiver Malcom Floyd. The Bengals responded with kicker Shayne Graham's 21-yard field goal.  The Chargers struck again on Rivers's 9-yard touchdown pass to tight end Brandon Manumaleuna. Bengals countered with Palmer throwing a 73-yard touchdown to Chad Johnson.  In the fourth quarter, San Diego took the lead, when Tomlinson scored on 2-yard and 9-yard touchdown runs. Graham kicked another field goal for the Bengals, from 44 yards out, but the Chargers held the lead, and Rivers tossed a final 5-yard touchdown pass to Manumaleuna. The Bengals' record fell to 4-5 with the loss. 
Question: How many touchdowns were scored in the first quarter? 
Answer type: Number 
answer:

3.