instruction:
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
question:
This molecule facilitates the Griesbaum reaction and cleaves an alkene to forms an aldehyde or a ketone in a 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition, the Criegee mechanism. In the Chapman Cycle, this diamagnetic compound with a bent geometry is replenished by a paramagnetic, diatomic molecule. In that reaction, this molecule is formed by the absorption of a photon with a wavelength of less than 280 nanometers. It can be depleted by chlorofluorocarbons, making the Earth more susceptible to ultraviolet radiation. For 10 points, name this molecule found in a namesake atmospheric "layer", a triatomic allotrope of oxygen.
answer:
Science


question:
When it interacts with ryanodine receptors, this element upregulates its own release, and this compound forms the cell plates of coccolithophores. Stimulation of Gq ("g-sub-q") opens a channel that allows for this ion's movement, and proteins that bind this ion have an EF hand motif. Cellular concentrations of this ion are regulated by IP3. Parafollicular cells of the (*) thyroid produce a compound that reduces the concentration of this ion in blood, and its intestinal absorption requires vitamin D. This ion interacts with Troponin to stimulate muscle contraction, and the lumens of sarcoplasmic reticula have high concentrations of this ion. For 10 points, name this divalent cation that is stored in bones.
answer:
Science


question:
G. Morin and J.W. Hastings found that it has the same Stokes shift as related versions found in genus Obelia and Renilla. Its discovery by Osamu Shimomura followed up on the work of Frank Johnson. Two different variants of it are used in a FRET procedure, and it is commonly used as the probe in a FRAP assay. Its beta-barrel structure houses a highly conjugated chromaphore that is stimulated by the 470-nanometer emission of apoaequorin, the excited version of aequorin. That stimulation causes conformational changes in a serine-tyrosine-glycine sequence at its center, resulting in light emitted at 508 nanometers. It has been used to easily observe gene or protein expression because it glows its namesake color when exposed to blue light. First isolated from jellyfish of the genus Aequorea, for ten points, name this peptide often used in biological studies.
answer:

Science