TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : An Elementary Treatise on Electricity is a book by James Clerk Maxwell. The origin of the book are lecture notes Clerk Maxwell gave to members of the Cavendish Laboratory, which he founded. Context_2 : James Clerk Maxwell {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics. His most notable achievement was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, bringing together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as manifestations of the same phenomenon. Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism have been called the "second great unification in physics" after the first one realised by Isaac Newton. Context_3 : Glenlair House, near the village of Corsock in the Scottish Council area of Dumfries and Galloway, was the home of the physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879). The original structure was designed for Maxwell's father by Walter Newall; Maxwell himself oversaw the construction of an extension in the late 1860s, and further improvements were made by his heir, Andrew Wedderburn-Maxwell. Fires in 1899 and 1929 left the house gutted, but a project to preserve and stabilize the remains has been undertaken by the Maxwell at Glenlair Trust. Context_4 : The upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) model is a generalisation of the Maxwell material for the case of large deformations using the upper-convected time derivative. The model was proposed by James G. Oldroyd. The concept is named after James Clerk Maxwell. Context_5 : Katherine Clerk Maxwell (née Dewar) 1824 – 12 December 1886, was a Scottish physical scientist best known for her observations which supported and contributed to the discoveries of her husband, James Clerk Maxwell. Most notable of these are her involvement with his colour vision and viscosity of gases experiments. She was born Katherine Dewar in 1824 In Glasgow and married Clerk Maxwell in 1859. Her contributions are largely recorded in writings on her husband, partly due to a fire at the Maxwell family estate which destroyed many of the family papers. Katherine had no children and died in 1886. Context_6 : The James Clerk Maxwell Prize in Plasma Physics is an annual American Physical Society (APS) award that is given in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of the Plasma Physics. It was established in 1975 by Maxwell Technologies, Inc, in honor of the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell. It is currently sponsored by General Atomics. The prize includes a $10,000 USD monetary award and recognition at the annual American Physical Society Division of Plasma Physics conference. Context_7 : The James Clerk Maxwell Foundation is a registered Scottish charity set up in 1977. By supporting physics and mathematics, it honours one of the greatest of physicists, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), and works to increase the public awareness of science. It maintains a small museum in Maxwell's birthplace which is in the ownership of the Foundation. Context_8 : A coherent derived unit is defined as a derived unit that, for a given system of quantities and for a chosen set of base units, is a product of powers of base units with no other proportionality factor than one. The concept of coherence was developed in the mid-nineteenth century by, amongst others, Kelvin and James Clerk Maxwell and promoted by the British Association for the Advancement of Science. The concept was initially applied to the centimetre–gram–second (CGS) and the foot–pound–second systems (FPS) of units in 1873 and 1875 respectively. The International System of Units (1960) was designed around the system of coherence. Context_9 : Coherence is defined as the ability of waves to interfere. Intuitively, coherent waves have a well-defined constant phase relationship. However, an exclusive and extensive physical definition of coherence is more nuanced. Coherence functions, as introduced by Glauber and others in 1960s, capture the mathematics behind the intuition by defining correlation between the electric field components as coherence. These correlations between electric field components can be measured to arbitrary orders, hence leading to the concept of different orders of coherence. The coherence encountered in most optical experiments, including the classic Young's double slit experiment and Mach-Zender interferometer, is first order coherence. Robert Hanbury Brown and Richard Q. Twiss performed a correlation experiment in 1956, and brought to light a different kind of correlation between fields, namely the correlation of intensities, which correspond to second order coherence. Higher order coherences become relevant in photon-coincidence counting experiments. Orders of coherence can be measured using classical correlation functions or by using the quantum analogue of those functions, which take quantum mechanical description of electric field (operators) as input. While the quantum coherence functions might yield the same results as the classical functions, the underlying mechanism and description of the physical processes are fundamentally different because quantum interference deals with interference of possible histories while classical interference deals with interference of physical waves. Context_10 : Maxwell’s thermodynamic surface is an 1874 sculpture made by Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879). This model provides a three-dimensional plot of the various states of a fictitious substance with water-like properties. This plot has coordinates volume (x), entropy (y), and energy (z). It was based on the American scientist Josiah Willard Gibbs’ graphical thermodynamics papers of 1873. The model, in Maxwell's words, allowed "the principal features of known substances [to] be represented on a convenient scale." fact_1 :  The concept of coherence was developed in the mid-nineteenth century by, amongst others, Kelvin and James Clerk Maxwell and promoted by the British Association for the Advancement of Science. fact_2 :  His most notable achievement was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, bringing together for the first time electricity, magnetism, and light as manifestations of the same phenomenon. Question: What is an achievement of James Clerk Maxwell, a Scottish scientist who helped to develop the concept of coherence?

SOLUTION: classical theory of electromagnetic radiation

PROBLEM: Context_1 : The University of Oslo (Norwegian: "Universitetet i Oslo" ), until 1939 named the Royal Frederick University (Norwegian: "Det Kongelige Frederiks Universitet" ), is the oldest university in Norway, located in the Norwegian capital of Oslo. Until 1 January 2016 it was the largest Norwegian institution of higher education in terms of size, now surpassed only by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The Academic Ranking of World Universities has ranked it the 58th best university in the world and the third best in the Nordic countries. In 2015, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked it the 135th best university in the world and the seventh best in the Nordics. While in its 2016, Top 200 Rankings of European universities, the Times Higher Education listed the University of Oslo at 63rd, making it the highest ranked Norwegian university. Context_2 : Zameer Uddin Shah (born 15 August 1948) is a retired Indian Army general. He is an alumnus of St Joseph’s College, Nainital. He last served as the Deputy Chief of Army Staff (Planning & Systems), Indian Army. After retirement, he served for some time as an administrative member on the bench of the Armed Forces Tribunal. He is the Ex Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University. He assumed the appointment of Vice-Chancellor, Aligarh Muslim University on 17 May 2012 and his term ended on 16th May 2017. The Vice- Chancellor, despite having spent more than 40 years in the Army, has had considerable experience in the fields of education, judiciary and diplomacy. He is the former Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University who had promised AMU to make it the no. 1 university of the country by the end of his 5 year tenure. He lived up to his promise as AMU has been ranked as the no. 1 university of India by The Times Higher Education Ranking dated Sept 2017. He was highly speculated to be the vice president of India in 2017. Context_3 : Sambell was educated at Melbourne High School and the University of Melbourne. He was ordained in 1940. He began his ordained ministry as an army chaplain, after which he was director of the Melbourne Diocesan Centre and Archdeacon of Essendon. He was Bishop Coadjutor of Diocese from 1962 to 1969 when he was elected Archbishop of Perth and Metropolitan of Western Australia, posts he held to his death. Context_4 : Ming Chuan University (MCU; ) is a selective, private university in Shilin District, Taipei, Taiwan, accredited in the United States of America. Ming Chuan University was ranked 301+ in QS Top 400 Asia Universities Ranking 2012/2013 and positioned 801+ in 2017 by Times Higher Education ranking. It was founded by Pao Teh-Ming (包德明) and her husband Lee Ying-Chao. The university was named after the progressive Qing Dynasty governor of Taiwan Liu Mingchuan. Context_5 : The University of Melbourne (informally Melbourne University) is a public research university located in Melbourne, Australia. Founded in 1853, it is Australia's second oldest university and the oldest in Victoria. Times Higher Education ranks Melbourne as 33rd in the world, while the Academic Ranking of World Universities places Melbourne 40th in the world (both first in Australia). Context_6 : Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, (abbreviated UTAR; Simplified Chinese: 拉曼大学; Traditional Chinese: 拉曼大學; pinyin: Lāmàn Dàxué) is a not-for-profit, comprehensive, private university in Malaysia. UTAR is one of the prestigious private universities in Malaysia, ranked top 120 in Times Higher Education Asia University Rankings 2017 top 150 in Times Higher Education Young University Rankings 2017, and ranked =14 by the Times Higher Education Young University Rankings 2017: Millennial Universities. It was established in June 2002 under a foundation called UTAR Education Foundation, a non-profit organisation. The university consists of nine faculties, three institutes, three centres and 28 research centres. Context_7 : The Autonomous University of Madrid (Spanish: "Universidad Autónoma de Madrid" ; informally "La Autónoma"), commonly known by the Spanish acronym UAM, is a Spanish public university established in 1968. It is located in northern Madrid; its main campus, Cantoblanco, is located near the cities of Alcobendas, San Sebastián de los Reyes and Tres Cantos. Throughout its history, UAM has been one of Spain's most prominent higher education institutions, being ranked first amongst Spanish universities by the El Mundo University Supplement (known as "Las 50 Carreras"), by The Times Higher Education Supplement, and by the Academic Ranking of World Universities yearly published by Shanghai Jiao Tong University. For the subject "Mathematics" the university was ranked within top 51-75 universities in the world (within top 12 in Europe). In the "Times Higher Education 100 Under 50 University Rankings", the University achieved 49th position globally in 2012. In another similar ranking "QS Top 50 Under 50" by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), the Autonomous University of Madrid recently achieved 9th place in international comparison. Its Faculty of Law is the most prestigious one in Spain. It is the Spanish university with the most researchers among the most cited according to the Thomson Reuters ranking citation in 2011. Context_8 : Third-level education in the Republic of Ireland includes all education after second-level, encompassing higher education in universities and colleges and further education on Post Leaving Certificate (PLC) and other courses. The degree-awarding authorities approved by the Government of Ireland, which can grant awards at all academic levels, are University of Dublin, National University of Ireland (Cork, Dublin, Galway and Maynooth), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin City University, Dublin Institute of Technology, Higher Education and Training Awards Council, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth (Pontifical University), and University of Limerick. The King's Inns of Dublin has a limited role in education specialising in the preparation of candidates for the degree of barrister-at-law to practice as barristers. Medical schools in Ireland also have particular regulation. There were seven establishments of higher education within the Republic of Ireland ranked among the top 500 universities worldwide by the "Times Higher Education Supplement" in 2008. Context_9 : Times Higher Education World University Rankings is an annual publication of university rankings by "Times Higher Education (THE)" magazine. The publisher had collaborated with Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) to publish the joint "THE–QS World University Rankings" from 2004 to 2009 before it turned to Thomson Reuters for a new ranking system. The publication now comprises the world's overall, subject, and reputation rankings, alongside three regional league tables, "Asia", "Latin America", and "BRICS & Emerging Economies" which are generated by consistent methodology. It is considered as one of the most widely observed university measures together with "Academic Ranking of World Universities" and "QS World University Rankings". It is praised for having a new improved methodology but undermining non-English-instructing institutions and being commercialized are the major criticisms. Context_10 : QS World University Rankings is an annual publication of university rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). Previously known as "Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings", the publisher had collaborated with "Times Higher Education magazine" ("THE") to publish its international league tables from 2004 to 2009 before both started to announce their own versions. QS then chose to still use the pre-existing methodology while "Times Higher Education" adopted a new methodology. The QS system now comprises the global overall and subject rankings (which name the world's top universities for the study of 46 different subjects and five composite faculty areas), alongside five independent regional tables (Asia, Latin America, Emerging Europe and Central Asia, the Arab Region, and BRICS). It is the only international ranking to have received International Ranking Expert Group (IREG) approval, and is viewed as one of the most widely read of its kind, along with "Academic Ranking of World Universities" and "Times Higher Education World University Rankings". However, allocating undue weight to subjective indicators and having highly fluctuating results are its major criticisms. fact_1 : Sambell was educated at Melbourne High School and the University of Melbourne. fact_2 :  Times Higher Education ranks Melbourne as 33rd in the world, while the Academic Ranking of World Universities places Melbourne 40th in the world (both first in Australia). Question: What is the Times Higher Education ranking for the university where Geoffrey Samuel graduated?

SOLUTION: 33rd in the world

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Arvand Free Zone with an area of 37400 hectares is at the confluence of Karun and Arvand Rivers. The Zone is located in 30 degrees, 21 minutes, 53 seconds of north and 13 minutes and 40.76 seconds of east and at a height of three meters above sea level and in proximity to Iraq and in the north west of Persian Gulf. Special fertility of the Zone is due to sediments having been accumulated in the low lands for the past millions years ago. The average temperature in the Zone since the beginning of the year until mid-autumn is 48 ° C and will reach to 8 ° C during other days of the year and the annual average rainfall is about 188 millimeters. Distance of the Zone to the center of Khuzestan Province is about 120 kilometers and its distance to Imam Khomeini Port and Mahshahr Port, as the two main industrial and transit Centers, is 80 kilometers. The connection road with the length of 1000 kilometers connects the capital of the country to Persian Gulf through this Zone.Existence of the two freshwater Rivers of Karun and Bahmanshir flowing through the Zone is of the natural benefits of the Zone and it has special importance in providing the freshwater required for industrial and home units.This Zone has long been one of the border and oil rich zones of the country due to the existence of freshwater Rivers of Karun and Arvand and also transportation facilities including road, rail, sea and air. It has been led to the establishment of the first oil refinery of the Middle East and the largest trade Port of the country.Special features of the Zone are the existence of fertile lands, possibility of fishing and its people having a special trade culture.Also, language, culture and kinship relations of the people with the neighboring countries are of the unique advantages of the Zone.Generally, Arvand Free Zone Org. is the largest regional-national project of Khuzestan Province and its implementation has big impacts on social and commercial criteria of the Zone. Great volume of investments, complexity of the engaged systems, necessity of systematic relations among executing factors, investigation and analysis of the situation and collection of managerial regulations are in line with target of creating a comprehensive, technical and economic view and in compliance with the situation. Lands of this Zone have been allocated to industrial activities, and other sectors, such as trade, tourism and office, to ports, warehousing and transit, and investors can invest in any of the economic activities. Context_2 : Dark Fusion is a horizontally-scrolling platform shooter published by Gremlin Graphics in 1988. Levels are divided into three zones: Combat zone, Alien zone, and Flight zone. To enter a new zone, player must first find a fusion pod. In the combat zone, player controls an astronaut who has to go through levels by using a space shotgun. In Alien/Flight Zone, player control a space ship - first, fight against giant Alien, after killing these aliens make your way to the Flight zone fusion pod then fly carefully through to the next level. Context_3 : France–Kurdistan Region relations are bilateral relations between France and Kurdistan Region . France has a consulate general in Erbil and Kurdistan Region has a representation in Paris. The ties between France and Kurdistan Region have been very close since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981–1995), when his wife Danielle Mitterrand played an instrumental role in the campaign for the no fly zone over Kurdistan Region in 1991. France has a military presence in Kurdistan Region, and Consul General Dominique Mas described their relations as being "historic" and "long-term". Context_4 : The Carolina Panthers are a professional American football team based in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Panthers compete in the National Football League (NFL), as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) South division. The club is worth approximately US$1.56 billion, according to "Forbes", and is controlled by founder Jerry Richardson and his family, who have a 48 percent stake; the remainder of the team is held by a group of 14 limited partners. The head coach is Ron Rivera. Context_5 : A panther ("Puma concolor") is the animal that serves as the official mascot of the University of Pittsburgh and used as a nickname for both athletic teams as well as other organizations and affiliates of the university. The mascot is generally referred to as the Pittsburgh Panther or Pitt Panther, while the costumed panther mascot is also named "Roc". Up to 20 physical representations of panthers can be found in and around the university's campus and athletic facilities. Context_6 : Twin Towers 2 (No Fly Zone) is a collaborative mixtape by American rappers Waka Flocka Flame and Slim Dunkin. It was released on October 21, 2011, by 1017 Brick Squad Records, Brick Squad Monopoly and Warner Bros. Records. The album features guest appearances from Gucci Mane, Rocko, French Montana, YG, Quez, Wooh da Kid, Kebo Gotti and YG Hootie. It serves as the final project with Slim Dunkin before his death. The album was mastered by KY Engineering. The album has been downloaded over 50,000 times and became a certified silver by DatPiff. Context_7 : Tav Falco's Panther Burns, sometimes shortened to (The) Panther Burns, is a rock band originally from Memphis, Tennessee, United States, led by Tav Falco. They are best known for having been part of a set of bands emerging in the late 1970s and early 1980s who helped nationally popularize the blending of blues, country, and other American traditional music styles with rock music among groups playing in alternative music and punk music venues of the time. The earliest and most renowned of these groups to imbue these styles with expressionist theatricality and primitive spontaneity were The Cramps, largely influenced by rockabilly music. Forming just after them in 1979, Panther Burns drew on obscure country blues music, Antonin Artaud's works like "The Theater and Its Double", beat poetry, and Marshall McLuhan's media theories for their early inspiration. Alongside groups like The Cramps and The Gun Club, Panther Burns ranked among the contributing influences and progenitors of the Southern Gothic-tinged roots music revival scene that arose during the last two decades of the 20th century and continued into the early 2000s. Context_8 : Panther Mountain is a mountain located in Central New York of New York near Fly Creek, New York and Schuyler Lake, New York. The east side of Panther Mountain drains into Fly Creek and the west side drains into Oaks Creek and Canadarago Lake. Context_9 : Fly Zone is the second full-length mixtape by American rapper/producer Le1f, released on January 28, 2013. Context_10 : The No Fly Zone is the defensive backfield of the Denver Broncos. The group earned the nickname in 2015, when it led the Broncos to a victory over the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl 50. fact_1 : The No Fly Zone is the defensive backfield of the Denver Broncos. fact_2 :  The group earned the nickname in 2015, when it led the Broncos to a victory over the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl 50. fact_3 : The Carolina Panthers are a professional American football team based in Charlotte, North Carolina. Question: Who did Carolina Panther play against that led to the nickname No Fly Zone?

SOLUTION:
Denver Broncos