In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[Q]: Context: Reg IV, a secreted protein and member of the Reg multigene family, is up-regulated in malignancies of the human gastrointestinal tract, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, in vitro signal transduction pathway(s) utilized by Reg IV are not yet known.', 'To determine the signaling pathway(s) responsive to Reg IV, we examined the effects of purified recombinant human Reg IV (rhR4) on HCT116 and HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells.', 'Addition of rhR4 to cultures led to a dose-dependent increase in cell number similar to that observed after treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF). In addition, rhR4 treatment resulted in rapid phosphorylation of EGF receptor at Tyr992 and Tyr1068 and Akt at Thr308 and Ser473. Using luciferase reporter gene assays, we demonstrated that Reg IV signaling through EGF receptor and Akt results in increased activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor activity. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses revealed quantitative increases in c-Jun, JunB, JunD, and FosB expression associated with increased AP-1 activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay further revealed significant increases in AP-1 binding activity in rhR4-treated cells, with increased supershift in the presence of antibodies to JunB, JunD, and FosB. Furthermore, rhR4 treatments led to the increased expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, survivin, and matrilysin, genes associated with a poor prognosis in advanced CRC.\Question: Does reg IV activate the epidermal growth factor receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in colon adenocarcinomas?
[A]: Reg IV is a potent activator of the EGF receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in CRC. Disruption of Reg signaling may have utility as a therapeutic intervention for human gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.


[Q]: Context: Tyrphostin AGL-2043 is a potent tricyclic quinoxaline inhibitor of PDGF beta-receptor tyrosine kinase (PTK), Kit, and Flt3. We have shown previously that selective inhibition of PDGF beta-receptor PTK by tyrphostins markedly reduces SMC proliferation and migration in vitro, reduces neointima formation in balloon-injured porcine femoral arteries, and reduces neointimal stenosis in stented porcine coronary arteries when administered intramurally within biodegradable nanoparticles. The present study was designed to determine the effect of AGL-2043 delivered from a stent-based, biodegradable polymeric coating on neointima formation in the porcine coronary artery model.', 'Stents coated with biodegradable, polylactic/glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer, with (n=13) or without (n=11) 180 mcg AGL-2043 were implanted into the proximal LAD of 24 Sinclair mini-pigs (34+/-4 kg) to achieve a 1.1:1 stent/artery diameter ratio. The delivery of drug from stent to tissue was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. After 28 days, histomorphometric analysis showed that in-stent stenosis in animals treated with AGL-2043 was reduced by 50% (51+/-21% versus 26+/-10%, p=0.001), the absolute neointimal area was reduced by 44% (2.38+/-1.04 versus 1.31+/-0.43 mm(2), p=0.004), and the absolute luminal area was increased by 57% (2.19+/-1.09 versus 3.39+/-0.59 mm(2), p=0.003). There were no significant differences between control and AGL-2043 in injury score (1.24+/-0.11 vs. 1.15+/-0.12, p=0.07) or inflammation score (1.19+/-0.35 vs. 1.07+/-0.33, p=0.41). Moreover, the difference in % in-stent stenosis between control and treated animals remained highly significant even after normalizing the % stenosis to the degree of injury (p=0.0008) or to the inflammation score (p=0.001). Mortality for this study was zero. Tissue concentration in segments 1 cm proximal and distal to the stents, were negligible or zero at 1 h, 24 h, and 4 weeks after stent implantation.\Question: Does tyrphostin AGL-2043 eluting stent reduce neointima formation in porcine coronary arteries?
[A]: Stent-based delivery of tyrphostin AGL-2043 from a biodegradable polymeric coating reduces in-stent neointimal hyperplasia in porcine coronary arteries by 50% after 28 days and preserves lumen area. Long-term studies should be the next step in testing applicability to the human interventional setting.


[Q]: Context: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are closely related. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and outcomes after cryoballoon catheter ablation for AF.', 'We included a total of 110 patients (64.0±10.1 years, 64% men) with paroxysmal AF who underwent second-generation cryoballoon catheter ablation in this study. Recurrence and change in renal function after ablation were assessed by stratification of eGFR sub-groups.', 'During a mean follow-up period of 9 months, 20 (18%) patients had AF recurrence after the first catheter ablation procedure. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that eGFR [hazard ratio (HR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-0.99, p=0.047], non-pulmonary vein (PV) ectopic beats at initial ablation (HR 2.92, 95% CI 1.03-8.27, p=0.043), and history of stroke (HR 7.47, 95% CI 2.30-24.2, p=0.001) were independent predictors of recurrence after the ablation. Among the CKD groups, recurrence was found in 7% (1/15), 12% (9/73), and 46% (10/22) of the eGFR ≥90mL/min/1.73m\Question: Is impaired renal function associated with recurrence after cryoballoon catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation : A potential effect of non-pulmonary vein foci?
[A]:
Low eGFR at baseline was an independent predictor of recurrence after cryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal AF. The presence of non-PV ectopic beats was significantly increased in patients with impaired renal function, which might be associated with a poor outcome.