In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[EX Q]: By averaging this quantity, the reduction of a certain intermolecular function to an angle-independent form for polar fluids can be performed in order to express conformal-solution theory. For liquid metals, the upper bound of this quantity can be obtained by the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality. It is equal to the negative product of Boltzmann's constant, temperature, and the natural log of the partition function. The change in this quantity is equal to the maximum work accompanying a process, and it is defined as internal energy minus the product of temperature and entropy. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized by either A or F, a type of free energy named for a German scientist.
[EX A]: Science

[EX Q]: Lawrence Kohlberg championed the "descriptive" variety of this study by examining the stages of child development. Simone de Beauvoir argued for "an original solution" in a book titled this of Ambiguity. Peter Singer wrote about the "Practical" form of it, and Aristotle claimed the ultimate goal in life is to achieve (*) happiness in a work titled after this concept. Another important book for this discipline contained sections titled "Of God" and "Of Human Bondage", and was "demonstrated in geometrical order." For ten points, identify this branch of philosophy, a tract in which was written for Nicomachus and which titles a work by Spinoza.
[EX A]: Social Science

[EX Q]: He established the department of anthropology at Yale after his time at the Canadian National Museum in Ottawa, where his studies among Indians resulted in the suggestion that North American Indian languages could be grouped into 6 divisions. This was important because man's perception of the world was mediated through language, this was the basis for the ethno-linguistic hypothesis he later studied with his student Benjamin Whorf. FTP identify this anthropologist most famed for 1921's Language.
[EX A]:
Social Science