Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: The ability to achieve significant donor engraftment without fully myeloablative conditioning has revolutionized allogeneic stem cell transplantation. These nonmyeloablative approaches may allow extension of this potentially curative modality to an increasing number of patients including those with non-malignant diseases. Although a number of regimens have been explored, the optimal means of conditioning has not been determined.', 'We previously demonstrated that rapamycin (RAPA) has the ability to promote T-cell tolerance even in the presence of costimulation. In the current study, we examine the ability of rapamycin or the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (CSA) to promote chimerism in a murine haploidentical bone marrow transplantation model. Mice were conditioned with 300 cGy and received either RAPA at 3 mg/kg/day IP, CSA at 20 mg/kg/day IP, or no immunosuppression starting on the day before the transplant and continued for 4 weeks.', 'There was no apparent toxicity, and animals maintained normal blood counts throughout. More importantly, long-term macrochimerism was observed only in the RAPA-treated group.
Answer: These results establish a simple, nontoxic, irradiation-based regimen that facilitates engraftment without ablation. This strategy may prove useful in nonmalignant disorders such as hemoglobinopathies in which moderate levels of donor chimerism could prove curative.

Output: Does low-dose radiation plus rapamycin promote long-term bone marrow chimerism?


Input: Consider Input: Context: To clarify the social issues and problems associated with burn care in Japan, based on a cost analysis of acute burn care.', 'A retrospective review was undertaken of 71 patients admitted with burns at Nippon Medical School between January 1 and December 31, 1997. A cost analysis was performed for three major burn patients with a burn surface area (BSA) of 70% to 80% and three minor burn patients with a BSA of 20% to 30%. A questionnaire was administered to both burn patients and medical providers in all 127 emergency centers to help improve long-term quality of life (QOL).', '80% of burn patients were under age 70. In the major burn cases, the amount of reimbursement according to the government-regulated fee schedule was much less than the cost of treatment. The ratio of the cost of both medication and materials to total cost of treatment was higher for patients with major burns. Patients responding to the survey acknowledged being generally happy despite suffering from psychological and financial problems. A total of 413 medical providers from 63 institutions responded to the survey regarding improving long-term QOL.
Answer: Acute burn care is a costly service. The goal of burn care should shift from saving lives to allowing for a productive return to society. Quality improvement, outcome measurement, and technology assessment combined with health economics research for burn care should be carried out in Japan.

Output: Do the cost of burn care and implications for efficient care?


Input: Consider Input: Context: We sought to evaluate whether improvement in ejection fraction (EF) with carvedilol therapy is accompanied by improvement in neurohumoral factors.', 'Forty-two patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were given carvedilol for 3 to 5 months. Changes in EF, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and norepinephrine levels were determined. Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) images were also obtained before and after carvedilol therapy. Myocardial uptake of MIBG was calculated as the heart to mediastinal activity ratio (H/M). Storage and release of MIBG was calculated as percent myocardial MIBG washout rate (WR). We divided patients into 2 groups: 27 responders whose EF increased by more than 5% and 15 nonresponders whose EF increased by 5% or less. EF of responders increased by 15 +/- 5% and that of nonresponders by 1 +/- 4%. Although MIBG image-derived indexes of nonresponders remained unchanged, the delayed H/M (1.91 +/- 0.34 v 2.24 +/- 0.53, P < .01) and WR (49 +/- 11 v 39 +/- 9%, P < .01) of responders improved, respectively. The plasma ANP (51 +/- 50 v 27 +/- 24 pg/mL, P < .01) and BNP (194 +/- 197 v 49 +/- 62 pg/mL, P < .01) levels of responders decreased. The degree of changes in the plasma BNP level correlated with changes in EF (r = -.698, P < .01).
Answer: The improvement in EF with carvedilol therapy was proved to be accompanied by an improvement in neurohumoral factors.


Output: Is improvement in left ventricular function in response to carvedilol accompanied by attenuation of neurohumoral activation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy?