instruction:
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
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Context_1 : Kamarinskaya (Russian: камаринская ) is a Russian traditional folk dance, which is mostly known today as the Russian composer Mikhail Glinka's composition of the same name. Glinka's "Kamarinskaya", written in 1848, was the first orchestral work based entirely on Russian folk song and to use the compositional principles of that genre to dictate the form of the music. It became a touchstone for the following generation of Russian composers ranging from the Western-oriented Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to the group of nationalists known collectively as The Five and was also lauded abroad, most notably by French composer Hector Berlioz. Context_2 : Épicure ("Epicurus") is an opera in three acts with music by the composers Étienne Méhul and Luigi Cherubini. The libretto is by Charles-Albert Demoustier. It was first performed at the Opéra-Comique, Paris on 14 March 1800. It was a complete failure, enjoying only three performances. For the third and final performance on 20 March the opera was reduced from three acts to two. Cherubini wrote the overture, the first act and half of the third; Méhul the second act and the rest of the third. Context_3 : Nestor Vasilievich Kukolnik (Russian: Нестор Васильевич Кукольник ) (1809–1868) was a Russian playwright and prose writer of Carpatho-Rusyn origin. Immensely popular during the early part of his career, his works were subsequently dismissed as sententious and sentimental. Today, he is best remembered for having contributed to the libretto of the first Russian opera, "A Life for the Tsar" by Mikhail Glinka. Glinka also set many of his lyrics to music. Context_4 : The Overture in G major by Luigi Cherubini (1760-1842) is an orchestral work written for concert use in early 1815. It is unusual among Cherubini's overtures in that his other, better known overtures (such as those to "Anacreon", "Médée", "Les deux journées" and "Ali Baba"), were intended to introduce stage works. Although born in Italy Cherubini had been living in France since 1784, and had earned world fame through a series of operas composed for the Paris stage. In the first decade of the nineteenth century the vogue for his dramatic works began to wane, and he turned increasingly to sacred music. Context_5 : Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Гли́нка ; 1 June [O.S. 20 May] 1804 15 February [O.S. 3 February] 1857 ) was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition within his own country, and is often regarded as the fountainhead of Russian classical music. Glinka's compositions were an important influence on future Russian composers, notably the members of The Five, who took Glinka's lead and produced a distinctive Russian style of music. Context_6 : Luigi Cherubini (] ; 8 or 14 September 1760 – 15 March 1842) was an Italian composer who spent most of his working life in France. His most significant compositions are operas and sacred music. Beethoven regarded Cherubini as the greatest of his contemporaries. Context_7 : Pauline Duchambge née de Montet (1778 – 23 April 1858) was a French Creole pianist, singer, and composer. Duchambdge (Montet) was born in Martinique, West Indies and was the daughter of a noble family. She was taken to Paris, where she received a convent education and studied the piano from composer and author Jean Baptiste Desormery, son of the famous comic opera actor and composer Léopold-Bastien Desormery. Pauline composed and performed as a singer and a pianist. She studied harmony and composition with Daniel Auber and with Luigi Cherubini, who wrote several compositions for her. She also studied piano and composition with Jan Ladislav Dussek. Pauline left the convent in 1792 and married Baron Duchambge in 1796. In 1798 at the age of 20, she lost both her parents and with them the family fortune. Soon afterwards she was later divorced. It was after these events that Duchamge musical education began in earnest. She studied church music with Jan Dussek, Luigi Cherubini and D.F.E Auber. In 1815, Duchambge met the French poet and novelist, Marceline Desbordes-Valmore beginning a lifelong friendship and collaboration. Their friendship is documented by a lengthy correspondence and a number of songs by Duchambge on Debordes-Valmore’s texts including L’adieu tout bas, La fiancée del marin, Je pense à lui, La jeune Châtelaine, Rêve du mousse, La sincère and La valse et l’automne. Duchambge also composed music to texts and romances of other female authors such as Mme Amble Tastu and Mme Emile De Girardin. Pauline Duchambge wrote over three hundred romances, a very popular genre in the nineteenth century. Auber deposited three hundred of Duchambge’s songs in the Bibliothèque du Conservatoire in Paris. Eleven of Duchambge's individual songs and albums of songs were published between 1827 and 1841 by some of the leading Parisian publishers: Jean Antoine Meissonnier, Jacques-Joseph Frey, A. Petibon, and Ignace Pleyel. Her works reached a German audience through the Berlin publisher Maurice Schlesinger and the Schott firm in Mainz. In addition to songs, Duchambge wrote a few piano pieces. Duchambge had a difficult life, struggling with poverty, delicate health, and the disenchantments of love; her music expresses her emotions. She commented: "Love, it is life! but a life full of troubles, illusions, deceptions, repentance, discouragements…. " Context_8 : Le calife de Bagdad ("The Caliph of Baghdad") is an "opéra comique" in one act by the French composer François-Adrien Boieldieu with a libretto by Claude Godard d'Aucourt de Saint-Just. It was first performed at the Opéra-Comique, Paris on 16 September 1800 and soon became highly popular throughout Europe. It was Boieldieu's first major triumph. One member of the audience who was less impressed was the noted composer Luigi Cherubini who reproached Boieldieu, "Aren't you ashamed of such a great success, and doing so little to deserve it?" Boieldieu immediately applied to Cherubini for lessons in compositional techniques. Context_9 : The Great Glinka (Russian: Глинка , "Glinka " ) is a 1946 Soviet biopic film directed by Lev Arnshtam. The film is about Mikhail Glinka, a Russian composer of the 19th century. The film was awarded the Stalin Prize of II degree (1947) and it was entered into the 1946 Cannes Film Festival. Context_10 : Lodoïska is an opera by Luigi Cherubini to a French libretto by Claude-François Fillette-Loraux after an episode from Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvrai’s novel, "Les amours du chevalier de Faublas". It takes the form of a "comédie héroïque" (a type of "opéra comique") in three acts, and was a founding work of rescue opera. It has also been called one of the first Romantic operas, though Cherubini's work was basically classical. fact_1 : Luigi Cherubini (] ; 8 or 14 September 1760 – 15 March 1842) was an Italian composer who spent most of his working life in France. fact_2 : Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Гли́нка ; 1 June [O.S. 20 May] 1804 15 February [O.S. 3 February] 1857 ) was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition within his own country, and is often regarded as the fountainhead of Russian classical music. Question: Which composer was born first  Luigi Cherubini or Mikhail Glinka?
answer:
Luigi Cherubini


question:
Context_1 : A Midsummer Night's Dream is a two-act ballet choreographed by George Balanchine to Felix Mendelssohn's music to Shakespeare's play of the same name. In addition to the incidental music, Balanchine incorporated other Mendelssohn works into the ballet, including the Overtures to "Athalie", "Son and Stranger", and "The Fair Melusine", the "String Symphony No. 9 in C minor" and "The First Walpurgis Night". "A Midsummer Night's Dream", Balanchine's first completely original full-length ballet, premiered at New York City Ballet on 17 January 1962, with Edward Villella in the role of Oberon, Melissa Hayden in the role of Titania, and Arthur Mitchell in the role of Puck. The ballet employs a large children's corps de ballet. Act I tells Shakespeare's familiar story of lovers and fairies while Act II presents a strictly classical dance wedding celebration. The ballet dispenses with Shakespeare's play-within-a-play finale. "A Midsummer Night's Dream" opened The New York City Ballet's first season at the New York State Theater in April, 1964. Context_2 : "R U Professional" is a 2009 satirical song by the American indie rock band The Mae Shi, inspired by a July 2008 outburst by actor Christian Bale on the set of "Terminator Salvation". Bale was filming with actress Bryce Dallas Howard when he berated director of photography, Shane Hurlbut, for walking into his line of sight. An audio recording of the incident appeared on website TMZ on February 2, 2009. The Mae Shi composed and recorded the song later in the same day, and released it the next day. The group stated that the piece was created to honor Bale. The song parodies Bale by sampling his voice from the 2008 diatribe. The chorus incorporates Bale's use of the word "professional" from his flare-up. The lyrics reference several films the actor starred in, including "Newsies", "Swing Kids", "American Psycho", and "The Dark Knight". Context_3 : Le songe d'une nuit d'été ("A Midsummer Night's Dream") is an opéra-comique in three acts composed by Ambroise Thomas to a French libretto by Joseph-Bernard Rosier and Adolphe de Leuven. Although it shares the French title for Shakespeare's play, "A Midsummer Night's Dream", its plot is not based on the play. Shakespeare himself is a character in the opera as are Elizabeth I and Falstaff. Context_4 : John Connor is a fictional character of the "Terminator" franchise. Created by writer and director James Cameron, the character is first referred to in the 1984 film "The Terminator" and first appears in its 1991 sequel "" initially portrayed by Michael Edwards (briefly as the older Connor) and then by teenage actor Edward Furlong throughout the remainder of the film; in addition, Linda Hamilton's real-life son Dalton Abbot played John as a toddler in a dream sequence. The character is subsequently portrayed by 23-year-old Nick Stahl in the 2003 film "" and by 19-year-old Thomas Dekker in the 2008 television series "". English actor Christian Bale portrays 33-year-old Connor in the film series's fourth installment, "Terminator Salvation", and Australian actor Jason Clarke portrays a 44-year-old Connor, who becomes the T-3000 and serves as the antagonist of the film series's fifth installment, "Terminator Genisys". Context_5 : The Donkey Show: A Midsummer Night's Disco is a theatrical adaptation of Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream". The production, created in a disco-era style, was written by Diane Paulus and her husband Randy Weiner and the members of Project 400, Emily Hellstrom, Jordin Ruderman, Rachel Murdy and Anna Wilson. It first appeared Off-Broadway, opening August 18, 1999. The show subsequently ran for six years including venues in England, Scotland, France and Spain. After a successful run at the Edinburgh Festival the Donkey Show show came to London for a 8 month run in Londons West End (Hanover Grand). The London show was produced by David Babani and Graham Kentsley. Rob Goodmonson (NYC) played the part of the DJ in the UK production. In 2009, the show was revived by the American Repertory Theater in Cambridge, Massachusetts, for which Paulus is Artistic Director. The club/theater space used in Cambridge is called OBERON, after the king of the fairies in "A Midsummer Night's Dream". Context_6 : "Bale Out: RevoLucian's Christian Bale Remix!" is a satirical dance remix by American composer Lucian Piane, also known as RevoLucian, released on February 2, 2009, to YouTube and Myspace. The piece parodies Christian Bale by utilizing audio from a July 2008 rant made by the actor on the set of "Terminator Salvation". Various other elements are used in the remix, including pulsating dance track beats and clips of Barbra Streisand from a 2006 exchange with a supporter of then-President George W. Bush, creating the impression of Streisand arguing with Bale. Context_7 : British actor Christian Bale has starred in various films, as well as advertisements and a video game. He made his acting debut in 1986, on the television film "". The following year, he made his film debut starring alongside John Malkovich and Miranda Richardson in the war film "Empire of the Sun". Bale's role of a young boy, interned in China by the Japanese, received praise from most film critics. Two years later, Bale had a minor role in "Henry V", a drama film based on William Shakespeare's play "The Life of Henry the Fifth". It has been considered one of the best Shakespeare film adaptations ever made. In 1992, Bale starred as Jack Kelly in the Walt Disney musical drama "Newsies", which was a critical and commercial failure; however, it gained a cult following. He received a role in the 1994 drama "Little Women", which garnered positive reviews. Bale lent his voice for the Disney animated film "Pocahontas" in 1995, although it received a mixed reception and attained box office success. He starred as British journalist Arthur Stuart in the Todd Haynes-directed drama "Velvet Goldmine" (1998). Although critics were divided on the film, Bale's role was "eagerly anticipated". Bale portrayed Demetrius in the critically praised 1999 film "A Midsummer Night's Dream", an adaptation of Shakespeare's play of the same name, directed by Michael Hoffman. The same year, he portrayed Jesus of Nazareth in the television movie "Mary, Mother of Jesus". Context_8 : David Charles Howard Bale (2 September 1941 – 30 December 2003) was an English entrepreneur and an environmentalist animal rights activist. He was the father of actor Christian Bale and the husband of Gloria Steinem. Context_9 : A Midsummer Night's Dream is a 1999 romantic comedy fantasy film based on the play "A Midsummer Night's Dream" by William Shakespeare. It was directed by Michael Hoffman. The ensemble cast features Kevin Kline as Bottom, Michelle Pfeiffer and Rupert Everett as Titania and Oberon, Stanley Tucci as Puck, and Calista Flockhart, Anna Friel, Christian Bale, and Dominic West as the four lovers. Context_10 : Lucian Piane (born October 4, 1980), also known by the Internet nickname RevoLucian, is an American composer and music producer. He has composed music for several films, television shows, theater productions and singers, and received a Recording Industry Association of America Platinum Album Award for his production work on "Hairspray: Soundtrack to the Motion Picture". Piane has also achieved Internet fame under the name RevoLucian for his satirical techno remixes, most notably "Bale Out", which featured profanity-laced tirades from actor Christian Bale made on the set of "Terminator Salvation". Piane is openly gay. fact_1 : British actor Christian Bale has starred in various films, as well as advertisements and a video game. fact_2 :  Bale portrayed Demetrius in the critically praised 1999 film "A Midsummer Night's Dream", an adaptation of Shakespeare's play of the same name, directed by Michael Hoffman. fact_3 : A Midsummer Night's Dream is a 1999 romantic comedy fantasy film based on the play "A Midsummer Night's Dream" by William Shakespeare. Question: Which character did British actor Christian Bale play in the 1999 film A Midsummer Night's Dream?
answer:
Demetrius


question:
Context_1 : Gravity Falls is an American animated television series produced by Disney Television Animation originally for Disney Channel (and then later for Disney XD) from June 15, 2012 to February 15, 2016. Context_2 : Gravity Falls: Legend of the Gnome Gemulets is a platform video game for the Nintendo 3DS, developed and published by Ubisoft and produced by Disney Interactive Studios based on the animated Disney series, "Gravity Falls". The game utilizes UbiArt Framework engine, and was released on October 20, 2015. Context_3 : "Weirdmageddon 3: Take Back The Falls" is the series finale of the American animated television series "Gravity Falls", created by Alex Hirsch. The episode was written by Shion Takeuchi, Mark Rizzo, Josh Weinstein, Jeff Rowe, and Hirsch, and directed by Stephen Sandoval. The series follows twelve-year-old twins Dipper (voiced by Jason Ritter) and Mabel Pines (voiced by Kristen Schaal), who stay for the summer with their grand uncle Grunkle Stan (voiced by Hirsch) in a tourist trap called the Mystery Shack, set within the fictional town of Gravity Falls, Oregon. In this episode, Ford (voiced by J.K. Simmons) discovers the extent of Bill Cipher's plans, while the Mystery Shack crew forms a plan to fight back and reclaim the town. A final confrontation with Bill leads to the Pines family's ultimate fate and greatest sacrifice. Context_4 : "Gravity Falls" is an American animated series created by Alex Hirsch for Disney Channel, and now for Disney XD. The series revolves around the various antics of two fraternal twins, Dipper (voiced by Jason Ritter) and Mabel Pines (voiced by Kristen Schaal), who were handed over to their Great Uncle (or "Grunkle") Stan (voiced by Alex Hirsch), who runs a tourist trap called The Mystery Shack, in the town of Gravity Falls, Oregon. They soon realize that the mysterious town holds plenty of secrets. When Dipper obtains an old journal that he finds in the forest, they find that their everyday lifestyle changes with odd things and creatures they encounter. Context_5 : Randy Myers (born March 29, 1967) is an American Animator and animation director. He is best known for his animation direction work on "Samurai Jack" and "The Powerpuff Girls". His other works include "The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy", "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends", "Dexter's Laboratory", "Cats Don't Dance", "The Iron Giant", "My Life as a Teenage Robot", "The Fairly OddParents", "Gravity Falls", "", among others. He is supervising producer on "We Bare Bears". Context_6 : Mason "Dipper" Pines is a fictional character and one of the main characters of the Disney XD animated series "Gravity Falls". The character is voiced by Jason Ritter, and designed by and loosely based on the childhood of series creator, Alex Hirsch. The character first appeared on the unreleased, unnamed pilot created by Hirsch with which he pitched the show; he later appeared on the first episode "Tourist Trapped". Dipper, along with his twin sister Mabel Pines, stars in every episode of the show. Dipper is the star of the Gravity Falls series of shorts titled "Dipper's Guide to the Unexplained" and also appears in the shorts "Fixin' it with Soos" and "Mabel's Guide to Life". Context_7 : "Not What He Seems" is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American animated television series "Gravity Falls", created by Alex Hirsch. The episode was written by Shion Takeuchi, Josh Weinstein, Jeff Rowe, Matt Chapman, and Hirsch, and directed by Stephen Sandoval. The series follows twelve-year-old twins Dipper (voiced by Jason Ritter) and Mabel Pines (voiced by Kristen Schaal), who stay for the summer with their grand uncle Grunkle Stan (voiced by Hirsch) in a tourist trap called the Mystery Shack, set within the fictional town of Gravity Falls, Oregon. In this episode, Dipper and Mabel begin to question who Stan really is after officers arrest him for stealing chemical waste. The episode, which breaks the show's status quo by revealing Stan's brother, ends with a cliffhanger to the second half of the season. Context_8 : Robert Renzetti (born September 12, 1967) is an American animator and director who created the animated television series "My Life as a Teenage Robot" for Nickelodeon, and directed "Dexter's Laboratory", "The Powerpuff Girls", and "Samurai Jack" for Cartoon Network. He has also served as story editor for the first two seasons of "", and was supervising producer on the Disney Channel animated series "Gravity Falls". Context_9 : Big City Greens (formerly known as "Country Club") is an upcoming Disney animated television series. The series is created by Chris and Shane Houghton, who originally worked on Nickelodeon's "Harvey Beaks". Emmy Award-winning director Rob Renzetti (creator of "My Life as a Teenage Robot" and supervising producer for "Gravity Falls") serves as executive producer and the Houghton brothers serve as co-executive producers. It is scheduled to premiere on Disney XD in 2018. Context_10 : The Cartoonstitute was a planned Cartoon Network project created by Cartoon Network's executive Rob Sorcher that would have been a showcase for animated shorts created without the interference of network executives and focus testing. It was headed by Craig McCracken (creator of "The Powerpuff Girls", "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends", and "Wander Over Yonder") and Rob Renzetti (creator of "My Life as a Teenage Robot"). 39 shorts for the project were in development at Cartoon Network Studios, but only 14 of these were completed. Eventually, balancing 5 upcoming shows and adding another proved difficult and the project was scrapped. Of the shorts which were made, only "Regular Show" and "Uncle Grandpa" have been greenlit to become animated series (the latter was initially greenlit as "Secret Mountain Fort Awesome", before becoming a series of its own). On May 7, 2010, Cartoon Network uploaded nearly all of the shorts to their website. The only shorts not uploaded were "Maruined", "3 Dog Band", and "Joey to the World". fact_1 :  He has also served as story editor for the first two seasons of "", and was supervising producer on the Disney Channel animated series "Gravity Falls". fact_2 : Gravity Falls is an American animated television series produced by Disney Television Animation originally for Disney Channel (and then later for Disney XD) from June 15, 2012 to February 15, 2016. Question: When was the Rob Renzetti the supervising producer for Gravity Falls?
answer:

June 15, 2012 to February 15, 2016