In this task your given two statements. You must judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label the instances as "cause" or "effect" based on your judgment. The sentences are separated by a newline character.

[Q]: The woman hummed to herself.
She was in a good mood.
[A]: cause


[Q]: I learned how to play the board game.
My friend explained the rules to me.
[A]: cause


[Q]: The army surrendered the battle.
They were outnumbered.
[A]:
cause