In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
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Question: Background: We undertook a 2X2 factorial, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess whether vitamin D 3 supplementation (10,000 international units per week) versus placebo and gargling versus no gargling could prevent viral, clinical upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in university students. Methods: We randomized 600 students into 4 treatment arms: 1) vitamin D 3 and gargling, 2) placebo and gargling, 3) vitamin D 3 and no gargling, and 4) placebo and no gargling. Students completed weekly electronic surveys and submitted self-collected mid-turbinate nasal flocked swabs during September and October in 2010 or 2011. Symptomatic students also completed an electronic symptom diary. The primary and secondary outcomes were the occurrence of symptomatic clinical URTI and laboratory confirmed URTI respectively. Results: Of 600 participants, 471 (78.5%) completed all surveys while 43 (7.2%) completed none; 150 (25.0%) reported clinical URTI. Seventy participants (23.3%) randomized to vitamin D 3 reported clinical URTI compared to 80 (26.7%) randomized to placebo (RR:0.79, CI 95 :0.61-1.03, p = 0.09). Eighty-five participants (28.3%) randomized to gargling reported clinical URTI compared to 65 participants (21.7%) randomized to the no gargling arm (RR:1.3, CI 95 :0.92-1.57, p = 0.19). Laboratory testing identified 70 infections (46.7 per 100 URTIs). Vitamin D 3 treatment was associated with a significantly lower risk for laboratory confirmed URTI (RR: 0.54, CI 95 :0.34-0.84, p = 0.007) and with a significantly lower mean viral load measured as log 10 viral copies/mL (mean difference: −0.89, CI 95: -1.7, −0.06, p = 0.04). Fewer students assigned to gargling experienced laboratory confirmed URTI, however this was not statistically significant (RR:0.82, CI 95 :0.53-1.26, p = 0.36). Conclusions: These results suggest that vitamin D 3 is a promising intervention for the prevention of URTI. Vitamin D 3 significantly reduced the risk of laboratory confirmed URTI and may reduce the risk of clinical infections. Trial registration: Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01158560.

Answer: Vitamin D 3 and gargling for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial


Question: KEYWORDS Travel health Travel abroad Pretravel Assessment Posttravel Assessment Primary care providers manage the majority of travel medical care. The purpose of the pretravel visit are risk assessment and mitigation. Encourage travelers to enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program for travel advisories. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention travel website offers destination-specific, point-of-care resources for clinicians and travelers. Travelers who are visiting friends and relatives are a high-risk group. The most common syndromes in returning travelers are gastrointestinal, febrile, and dermatologic. Prim Care Clin Office Pract 45 (2018) 541-554

Answer: Health Guidelines for Travel Abroad


Question: Coronaviral infection is associated with up to 5% of respiratory tract diseases. The 3C-like protease (3CL pro ) of coronaviruses is required for proteolytic processing of polyproteins and viral replication, and is a promising target for the development of drugs against coronaviral infection. We designed and synthesized four nitrile-based peptidomimetic inhibitors with different N-terminal protective groups and different peptide length, and examined their inhibitory effect on the in-vitro enzymatic activity of 3CL pro of severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus. The IC 50 values of the inhibitors were in the range of 4.6e49 mM, demonstrating that the nitrile warhead can effectively inactivate the 3CL pro autocleavage process. The best inhibitor, Cbz-AVLQ-CN with an N-terminal carbobenzyloxy group, was w10x more potent than the other inhibitors tested. Crystal structures of the enzymeeinhibitor complexes showed that the nitrile warhead inhibits 3CL pro by forming a covalent bond with the catalytic Cys145 residue, while the AVLQ peptide forms a number of favourable interactions with the S1eS4 substratebinding pockets. We have further showed that the peptidomimetic inhibitor, Cbz-AVLQ-CN, has broadspectrum inhibition against 3CL pro from human coronavirus strains 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, and infectious bronchitis virus, with IC 50 values ranging from 1.3 to 3.7 mM, but no detectable inhibition against caspase-3. In summary, we have shown that the nitrile-based peptidomimetic inhibitors are effective against 3CL pro , and they inhibit 3CL pro from a broad range of coronaviruses. Our results provide further insights into the future design of drugs that could serve as a first line defence against coronaviral infection.

Answer:
Design, synthesis and crystallographic analysis of nitrile-based broad-spectrum peptidomimetic inhibitors for coronavirus 3C-like proteases