Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Context: To assess the effect of newborn circumcision on the incidence and medical costs of urinary tract infection (UTI) during the first year of life for patients in a large health maintenance organization.', 'Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California (KPNC).', 'The population consisted of members of KPNC. The study group consisted of a cohort of 28 812 infants delivered during 1996 at KPNC hospitals; of the 14 893 male infants in the group, 9668 (64.9%) were circumcised. A second cohort of 20 587 infants born in 1997 and monitored for 12 months was analyzed to determine incidence rates.', 'Retrospective study of all infants consecutively delivered at 12 facilities.', 'Diagnosis of UTI was determined from the KPNC computerized database using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code for inpatients and KPNC Outpatient Summary Clinical Record codes for outpatients. A sample of 52 patient charts was reviewed to confirm the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and KPNC Outpatient Summary Clinical Record codes and provide additional data.', 'Infants <1 year old who were born in 1996 had 446 UTIs (292 in females; 154 in males); 132 (86%) of the UTIs in males occurred in uncircumcised boys. The mean total cost of managing UTI was 2 times as high in males ($1111) as in females ($542). This higher total cost reflected the higher rate of hospital admission in uncircumcised males with UTIs (27.3%) compared with females (7.5%); mean age at hospitalization for UTI was 2.5 months old for uncircumcised boys and 6.5 months old for girls. In 1996, total cost of managing UTI in uncircumcised males ($155 628) was 10 times higher than for circumcised males ($15 466) despite the fact that uncircumcised males made up only 35.1% of the male patient base in 1996, reflecting the more frequent occurrence of UTI in uncircumcised males (132 episodes) than in circumcised males (22 episodes), and the larger number of hospital admissions in uncircumcised males (38) than in circumcised males (4). The incidence of UTI in the first year of life was 1:47 (2.15%) in uncircumcised males, 1:455 (.22%) in circumcised males, and 1:49 (2. 05%) in females. The odds ratio of UTI in uncircumcised:circumcised males was 9.1:1.
Answer: Newborn circumcision results in a 9. 1-fold decrease in incidence of UTI during the first year of life as well as markedly lower UTI-related medical costs and rate of hospital admissions. Newborn circumcision during the first year of life is, thus, a valuable preventive health measure, particularly in the first 3 months of life, when uncircumcised males are most likely to be hospitalized with severe UTI.

Ex Output:
Does newborn circumcision decrease incidence and costs of urinary tract infections during the first year of life?


Ex Input:
Context: the nutritional content and energy density of foods is related to greater control of appetite, satiety and reducing food intake.', 'the randomized crossover study included 20 healthy women, aged 20 and 30 years with a BMI of 20 to 24.9 kg/m2 and who completed that included 3 day trial comparing 8 hours 130 kcal snacks consumed afternoon: yoghurt with added whey protein (PSL), biscuits and chocolate. Participants consumed a standardized menu; snack was consumed 3 hours after lunch. Perceived hunger and fullness were evaluated during the afternoon until dinner voluntary intake ad libitum. They repeat the same snack 3 times.', 'consumption of yogurt with PSL led to a further reduction of appetite in the afternoon in front of the snack of chocolate and biscuits (p < 0.001). No differences of appetite in the afternoon between chocolate vs cookies but significant difference between yogurt with PSL and other treatments (p < 0.001) were detected. At snack, yogurt there was a significant reduction in caloric intake compared to other snacks (p < 0.001) and a later request for dinner with about 45 minutes apart.
Answer: snacks with less energy density and rich in protein (yogurt with PSL) improve the control of appetite, satiety and reduces food intake in healthy women later.

Ex Output:
Does [ SNACK HIGH WHEY PROTEIN improve THE LEVEL OF SATIETY AND REDUCES APPETITE HEALTHY WOMEN ]?


Ex Input:
Context: This study tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone reduces endothelin-1 activity in the forearm vasculature in non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia and variable degrees of insulin resistance.', 'We conducted a single center, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over trial in 80 patients with either hypertension or hypercholesterolemia and further classified as insulin-sensitive or insulin-resistant based on a published insulin sensitivity index. Participants received pioglitazone 45 mg daily or matching placebo for eight weeks. The main endpoint was the change in forearm vascular endothelin-1 activity, as assessed by intra-arterial infusion of the endothelin type A receptor blocker BQ-123, measured at the end of each 8-week treatment period.', 'Pioglitazone lowered plasma insulin (P < 0.001), improved insulin sensitivity (P < 0.001), increased HDL (P < 0.001), and reduced triglycerides (P = 0.003), free fatty acids (P = 0.005), and C-reactive protein (P = 0.001). However, pioglitazone did not affect the vasodilator response to BQ-123 in the whole group (P = 0.618) and in the diagnosis or insulin sensitivity subgroups. Hence, in non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, PPARγ activation with pioglitazone does not affect endothelin-1 activity, despite enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing plasma insulin and C-reactive protein levels.
Answer: In non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia, pioglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and inflammation but does not affect endothelin activity. Our data suggest that the determinants of endothelin-1 vascular activity in vivo may differ and/or be more complex than those suggested by the results of previous in vitro studies.

Ex Output:

Does pPARγ activation affect endothelin activity in non-diabetic patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia?