In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.

Input: Consider Input: We propose a natural language generation model based on BERT, making good use of the pre-trained language model in the encoder and decoder process, and the model can be trained end-to-end without handcrafted features. During model training, the objective of our model is sum of the two processes, jointly trained using "teacher-forcing" algorithm. During training we feed the ground-truth summary to each decoder and minimize the objective.

$$L_{model} = \hat{L}_{dec} + \hat{L}_{refine}$$ (Eq. 23)

At test time, each time step we choose the predicted word by $\hat{y} = argmax_{y^{\prime }} P(y^{\prime }|x)$ , use beam search to generate the draft summaries, and use greedy search to generate the refined summaries.

Output: How are the different components of the model trained? Is it trained end-to-end?


Input: Consider Input: We use the annotations from experts for an abstract if it exists otherwise use crowd annotations. 

Output: How do they match annotators to instances?


Input: Consider Input: The approaches we use and what we mean by `success' are thus guided by our research questions.

Domain experts and fellow researchers can provide feedback on questions and help with dynamically revising them. Sometimes we also hope to connect to multiple disciplines. Questions about potential “dual use” may also arise.


Output: What approaches do they use towards text analysis?