Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Studies on the safety of aprotinin in coronary artery surgery have given conflicting results. Therefore, we studied the possible link between perioperative aprotinin treatment and renal dysfunction in patients undergoing first-time coronary surgery with a high risk of bleeding.', 'We performed a matched cohort study, comparing 200 patients receiving high-dose aprotinin with 200 patients receiving tranexamic acid during primary isolated coronary surgery. Patients were matched according to age, sex, and presence of acute coronary syndrome. Primary outcome was fractional change in creatinine clearance. Secondary outcomes were other evaluations of postoperative renal function, mortality, stroke, reoperation for bleeding, and transfusion requirements.', 'The groups were similar in baseline characteristics except that triple-vessel disease and history of myocardial infarction were more prevalent in the aprotinin group. No significant differences were found in fractional change in creatinine clearance (-11% versus -12%, medians, p = 0.75) or any other assessments of postoperative renal function between the tranexamic acid and the aprotinin group. Adverse event rates were similar: early mortality (3.5% versus 4.5%, p = 0.80), stroke (1.5% versus 2%, p = 1.0), reoperation for bleeding (3.5% versus 2.5%, p = 0.77), and 5-year survival (87% versus 84%, p = 0.17). Patients in the aprotinin group received fewer transfusions (48% versus 60.5%, p = 0.02), fewer units of packed red blood cells (2.0 versus 1.4, p = 0.02) and plasma (1.3 versus 0.5, p < 0.001), but more units of platelets (0.1 versus 0.2, p = 0.02).
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To evaluate manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) and active exercise effects on lymphatic alterations of the upper limb (UL), range of motion (ROM) of shoulder, and scar complications after breast cancer surgery.', 'Clinical trial.', 'Health care center.', 'Women (N=105) undergoing radical breast cancer surgery who were matched for staging, age, and body mass index.', 'Women (n=52) were submitted to MLD and 53 to active exercises for UL for 1 month and followed up.', 'Shoulder ROM, surgical wound inspection and palpation, UL circumference measurements, and lymphoscintigraphy were performed in preoperative and postoperative periods.', 'There was no significant difference between groups with regard to wound healing complications, ROM, and UL circumferences. After surgery, 25 (48.1%) of the MLD group and 19 (35.8%) of the active exercise group showed worsening in radiopharmaceutical uptake velocity, whereas 9 (17.3%) of the MLD group and 11 (20.8%) of the active exercise group showed improved velocity (P=.445). With regard to uptake intensity, 27 (51.9%) of the MLD group and 21 (39.6%) of the active exercise group showed worsening whereas 7 (13.5%) of the MLD group and 7 (13.2%) of the active exercise group showed some improvement (P=.391). The presence of collateral circulation was similar in both groups at both time points evaluated. The active exercise group had a significant increase in postoperative liver absorption (P=.005), and the MLD group had a significant increase in postoperative dermal backflow (P=.024).
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Obstetric complications involving birth hypoxia are implicated in the etiology of disorders with dopaminergic dysfunction, such as schizophrenia. Cesarean section (C-section) birth in both humans and rats is associated with increased mild respiratory distress and with reduced levels of circulating catecholamines at birth, which normally serve to prime the lungs and activate other processes promoting extrauterine adaptation. Using a rat model, it has been found that C-section birth can produce long-term changes in central nervous system (CNS) dopamine function, compared to vaginal birth.', 'The present experiments tested if administering exogenous epinephrine at birth could reverse long-term changes in dopaminergic parameters in C-sectioned rats.', 'In the absence of stress at adulthood, no differences were observed between C-sectioned and vaginally born rats in levels of in vivo tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and dopamine transporter (DAT) binding. However, after repeated mild stress at adulthood, C-sectioned rats showed increased TH activity in nucleus accumbens and increased DAT in dorsal striatum and accumbens, compared to vaginally born controls. A single injection of epinephrine to C-sectioned rats just after birth prevented the increased TH activity and DAT binding seen in C-sectioned rats after repeated mild stress at adulthood. There was also a trend for epinephrine at birth to partially reverse an increase in amphetamine-induced locomotion seen in C-sectioned rats at adulthood.

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