TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
PROBLEM: Context: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of local injection of vasopressin on blood loss and secondary impact on complications during cesarean section in patients with placenta previa.', 'We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients diagnosed with placenta previa admitted to our hospital. Two consecutive periods were compared. During period B, 59 patients underwent the local injection of a vasopressin solution (4 U in 20 mL of saline) into the placental implantation site after placental delivery. During period A, 50 patients underwent cesarean section without vasopressin injection, and were analyzed as a control group. The estimated blood loss was recorded, as were the complications during surgery. In addition, the expression of the vasopressin V1α receptor in uterine smooth muscle was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.', 'The mean estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the vasopressin group than in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences with surgical complications. The vasopressin V1α receptor was highly expressed in smooth muscle cells in the lower segment of the uterine body, whereas the immunoreactivity for the oxytocin receptor was faint in the lower segment.\Question: Does local injection of vasopressin reduce the blood loss during cesarean section in placenta previa?

SOLUTION: The local injection of vasopressin into the placental implantation site significantly reduced the blood loss without increasing the morbidity.

PROBLEM: Context: To determine the role of recipient lymphopenia state in the expansion and function of leukemia specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).', 'C57BL/6 mice were induced to lymphopenia with 6 Gy total body irradiation. Spleen T cells or leukemia specific T cells from EGFP+ transgenic C57BL/6-EGFP mice were adoptively transferred by intravenous injection. The mice were challenged subcutaneously with 1 x 10(6) FBL3 leukemic cells at day 2 after irradiation. The peripheral WBC count, percentage of EGFP+ cells, subsets of T cells and tumor sizes were monitored.', 'Both of the spleen T cell and leukemia specific CTL proliferated efficiently with the percentage of EGFP+ cells of 28. 81% and 42.24%, respectively, after infused into lymphopenic recipients. However, spleen T cells had no anti-leukemia effect regardless of its expansion. In contrast, leukemia specific CTLs showed a more rapid and extensive expansion under the condition of lymphopenia and a enhanced anti-leukemia immunity.\Question: Does [ Recipient lymphopenia state enhance the expansion and anti-leukemia effect of leukemia specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes ]?

SOLUTION: Transfusion of leukemia specific CTLs under lymphopenia state could be a feasible strategy to expand leukemia specific CTLs and generate favorable anti-leukemia effect in vivo.

PROBLEM: Context: To examine the relationship between lexical tone perception and melodic pitch perception in Mandarin-speaking cochlear implant (CI) users and to investigate the influence of previous acoustic hearing on CI users' speech and music perception.", 'Lexical tone perception and melodic contour identification (MCI) were measured in 21 prelingual and 11 postlingual young (aged 6-26 years) Mandarin-speaking CI users. Lexical tone recognition was measured for four tonal patterns: tone 1 (flat F0), tone 2 (rising F0), tone 3 (falling-rising F0), and tone 4 (falling F0). MCI was measured using nine five-note melodic patterns that contained changes in pitch contour, as well as different semitone spacing between notes.', 'Lexical tone recognition was generally good (overall mean = 81% correct), and there was no significant difference between subject groups. MCI performance was generally poor (mean = 23% correct). MCI performance was significantly better for postlingual (mean = 32% correct) than for prelingual CI participants (mean = 18% correct). After correcting for outliers, there was no significant correlation between lexical tone recognition and MCI performance for prelingual or postlingual CI participants. Age at deafness was significantly correlated with MCI performance only for postlingual participants. CI experience was significantly correlated with MCI performance for both prelingual and postlingual participants. Duration of deafness was significantly correlated with tone recognition only for prelingual participants.\Question: Do melodic pitch perception and lexical tone perception in Mandarin-speaking cochlear implant users?

SOLUTION:
Despite the prevalence of pitch cues in Mandarin, the present CI participants had great difficulty perceiving melodic pitch. The availability of amplitude and duration cues in lexical tones most likely compensated for the poor pitch perception observed with these CI listeners. Previous acoustic hearing experience seemed to benefit postlingual CI users' melodic pitch perception. Longer CI experience was associated with better MCI performance for both subject groups, suggesting that CI users' music perception may improve as they gain experience with their device.