In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

[EX Q]: The potential of DNA microarrays for detection of plant viruses is hampered by underutilization of sequence-independent amplification methods for target nucleic acid enrichment. A microarray system is described for an unbiased detection of plant viruses using both short (30 nt) and long (50 and 70 nt) oligonucleotide probes. The assay involves amplification of target nucleic acid using random primers followed by in vitro transcription whose cRNA product is labeled chemically, fragmented and used as target for hybridization. Initial optimization tests with Turnip vein clearing virus and Cauliflower mosaic virus showed increased hybridization efficiency with shorter cDNA targets (100 bp) and longer probes (50 and 70 nt). The system was validated in pure and mixed samples by detection of three Tymovirus species: Asclepias asymptomatic virus, Kennedya yellow mosaic virus and Turnip yellow mosaic virus. The method could detect sequence variants with 70-75% or higher sequence identity, indicating the possible utility of the approach for virus discovery. Array performance comparison of long probes demonstrated the competence of 50-mers to provide a satisfactory balance between detection sensitivity and specificity. The work described is a significant step towards a method to assess, in one assay, the presence of a large diversity of relatives of known viruses of plants.
[EX A]: Oligonucleotide-based microarray for detection of plant viruses employing sequence-independent amplification of targets

[EX Q]: Background-The complement system is activated in liver diseases including acute liver failure (ALF); however, the role of the lectin pathway of complement has scarcely been investigated in ALF. The pathway is initiated by soluble pattern recognition molecules: mannan-binding lectin (MBL), M-, L-and H-ficolin and collectin-liver-1 (CL-L1), which are predominantly synthesised in the liver. Methods-Serum samples from 75 patients enrolled by the U.S. ALF Study Group were collected on days 1 and 3. We included 75 healthy blood donors and 20 cirrhosis patients as controls. Analyses were performed using sandwich-type immunoassays (ELISA, TRIFMA). Results-At day 1, the MBL level in ALF patients was 40% lower compared with healthy controls ((median(interquartile range) 0.72 μg/ml(0.91) vs. 1.15(1.92)(p=0.02)), and increased significantly by day 3 (0.83 μg/ml(0.94)(p=0.01)). The M-ficolin level was 60% lower (0.54 μg/ ml(0.50) vs. 1.48(1.01)(p<0.0001)). The CL-L1 level at day 1 was slightly higher compared with healthy controls (3.20 μg/ml(2.37) vs. 2.64(0.72)(p=0.11)); this was significant at day 3 (3.35(1.84)(p=0.006)). H-and L-ficolin levels were similar to healthy controls. Spontaneous ALF survivors had higher levels of MBL at day 1 (0.96 μg/ml(1.15) vs. 0.60(0.60)(p=0.02)) and lower levels of L-ficolin by day 3 compared with patients who died or were transplanted (1.61 μg/ ml(1.19) vs. 2.17(2.19)(p=0.02)).
[EX A]: Circulating mannan-binding lectin, M-, L-, H-ficolin, and collectin-liver-1 levels in patients with acute liver failure

[EX Q]: medRxiv preprint Effect of pre-existing immunity on seroconversion to recent strains Pre-existing, homologous titer to circulating strains is a well-described predictor of risk of seroconversion (14), which is confirmed in our study (Table 1 and tables S5 and S6). However, we hypothesized that including metrics of antibody profiles that integrate previous exposure history would further improve predictions of the risk of seroconversion. Therefore, we examined the association between the risk of seroconversion with age at baseline sampling, pre-existing, homologous titer to outcome strains (the ith strain), titer to the i-1th strain, and summary metrics . CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license It is made available under a author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. is the (which was not peer-reviewed) The copyright holder for this preprint .
[EX A]:
Life course exposures continually shape antibody profile and risk of seroconversion to influenza