TASK DEFINITION: You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You are also given a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph and the story. You need to come up with an answer to the given question; the answer will be a span from either the question or the story. In order to correctly answer the given question, you need to understand the relationship mentioned in the background paragraph and should be able to use it to understand that in the story. Your answer can not consist of any word that is not mentioned in any of these: the background paragraph, the story, or the question. You can directly copy and paste a span from the story or the question while answering the given question.
PROBLEM: Background Paragraph: Noble gases are also used to fill the glass tubes of lighted signs like the one in the Figure below . Although noble gases are chemically nonreactive, their electrons can be energized by sending an electric current through them. When this happens, the electrons jump to a higher energy level. When the electrons return to their original energy level, they give off energy as light. Different noble gases give off light of different colors. Neon gives off reddish-orange light, like the word “Open” in the sign below. Krypton gives off violet light and xenon gives off blue light. 
Story: Bob owns a store that sells signs. He has a large selection of different signs that are for sale, and they come in all sorts of different colors. His closed sign is a reddish-orange. His open sign is a violet color, and his sale sign is blue. 
Question: Is the closed sign more or less likely to be Krypton than Neon?

SOLUTION: less.

PROBLEM: Background Paragraph: Hepatitis B is a contagious virus that affects the liver, infection can last from a few weeks to a serious lifelong illness. Two different types of infection exist for this disease, "acute" and "chronic." Acute Hepatitis B is a short term illness that occurs within 6 months of exposure, Chronic Hepatitis B is long term and happens when the virus remains in the body. The younger the child is, the greater their chance of developing a chronic infection and this risk goes down as the child gets older. Approximately 90% of infected infants will develop a chronic infection.[3]. 
Story: A 2nd grade classroom photo was held today. They all gathered by age. Dario was the oldest. Delmer was the 2nd oldest. Mohamed was the 3rd oldest. Brice was the 4th oldest. Horacio was the 5th oldest. Lupe was the 6th oldest. The last one was Richie, who was the youngest. They all looked great that day. 
Question: Who has a greater chance of developing a chronic infection: Dario or Lupe?

SOLUTION: Lupe.

PROBLEM: Background Paragraph: Another example of incomplete dominance is with sickle cell anemia, a disease in which a blood protein called hemoglobin is produced incorrectly. This causes the red blood cells to have a sickle shape, making it difficult for these misshapen cells to pass through the smallest blood vessels. A person that is homozygous recessive ( ss ) for the sickle cell trait will have red blood cells that all have the incorrect hemoglobin. A person who is homozygous dominant ( SS ) will have normal red blood cells. 
Story: Trisha has a doctors appointment to get some blood work done. She goes to see her doctor and he takes a blood sample. Sadly when he comes back he reports to her that her blood cells are misshapen and look like small sickles, as well as her hemoglobin is being produced incorrectly. 
Question: Given a person has sickle cell anemia, is their hemoglobin produced correctly or incorrectly?

SOLUTION:
incorrectly.