In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[EX Q]: Context: To assess how different imputation methods used to account for missing variance data in primary studies influence tests of heterogeneity and pooled results from a meta-analysis with continuous outcomes.', 'Point and variance estimates for changes in serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were variably reported among 48 primary longitudinal studies of living kidney donors (71%-78% of point estimates were reported, 8%-13% of variance data were reported). We compared the results of meta-analysis, which either were restricted to available data or used four methods to impute missing variance data. These methods used reported P-values, reported nonparametric summaries, results from other similar studies using multiple imputation, or results from estimated correlation coefficients.', 'Significant heterogeneity was present in all four outcomes regardless of the imputation methods applied. The random effects point estimates and 95% confidence intervals varied little across imputation methods, and the differences were not clinically significant.\Question: Do imputing variance estimates alter the conclusions of a meta-analysis with continuous outcomes : a case study of changes in renal function after living kidney donation?
[EX A]: Different methods to impute the variance data in the primary studies did not alter the conclusions from this meta-analysis of continuous outcomes. Such reproducibility increases confidence in the results. However, as with most meta-analyses, there was no gold standard of truth, and results must be interpreted judiciously. The generalization of these findings to other meta-analyses, which differ in outcomes, missing data, or between-study heterogeneity, requires further consideration.

[EX Q]: Context: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and N-cadherin interact to transduce intracellular signals. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of this interaction are unclear. This study attempted to detect changes in GDNF-induced β-catenin phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in C6 glioma cells.', 'C6 glioma cells were treated with GDNF (70 ng/mL) and membrane and cytoplasmic proteins were extracted. A N-cadherin antibody was used for co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP). Western blot analysis using the co-IP protein was completed using antibodies for β-catenin, Src and β-actin. Immunocytochemistry was conducted with the same antibodies. To determine if Src induced phosphorylation of β-catenin Tyr-654, Western blot analysis was also performed on nuclear proteins from C6 cells treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 using then p- β-catenin antibody.', 'After induced by GDNF, C6 cell membrane β-catenin was phosphorylated at Tyr-654 and subsequently separated from the N-cadherin/β-catenin complex. Further study confirmed that the induction by GDNF significantly increased cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of phospho-β-catenin (Tyr-654) in C6 glioma cells. There was also an increase in the binding of non-receptor protein kinase Src with N-cadherin on the inner cell membrane surface. Src induced phosphorylation of β-catenin Tyr-654 induced by GDNF decreased significantly.\Question: Does glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promote β-catenin phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in glioma cells?
[EX A]: The results of our study demonstrate that GDNF increases the intracellular phosphorylation level of β-catenin through N-cadherin/Src signaling, which subsequently stimulates the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. This study provides a theoretical basis for us to reveal the role of biological mechanisms on glioma cell by GDNF.

[EX Q]: Context: To determine if oligosaccharides of hyaluronan (o-HA) promotes wound recovery by accelerating angiogenesis and to study the mechanisms by which o-HA stimulates endothelial cell (EC) proliferation.', 'Using hyaluronidase digestion, we prepared a mixture of hyaluronan (HA) fragments sizesd 2 to 10 disaccharides units, and studied their effects on EC growth and migration in mimicking wound recovery in vitro. The effects of o-HA on EC growth in vitro were studied by counting cell numbers. The roles of 2 hyaluronan receptors on EC cells, CD44 and RHAMM (Receptor for HA-Mediated Motility), were studied in initiating signaling cascades, using immunoblot assay. Signal transduction was determined by blocking antibodies to CD44 and RHAMM. An in vitro wound healing model was prepared by scratching the cellular layer of cultured EC, and movement of cells into the denuded area was quantified.', 'o-HA was a strong stimulator to EC proliferation at low concentration 10microg/ml compared with native high molecular weight HA (n-HA) (P < 0.01). Signal transduction may be initiated by o-HA via RHAMM receptor on EC membrane, but not CD44. In the in vitro model, the lesion area was nearly completely recovered when the EC layer was exposed to o-HA 40hrs post-injury, whereas the wound area remained half recovered pretreated with native undegraded large HA and control medium.(P < 0.05 from 24 to 40hrs).\Question: Are hyaluronan oligosaccharides potential stimulators to angiogenesis via RHAMM mediated signal pathway in wound healing?
[EX A]:
Hyaluronan oligosaccharides may play a role in wound healing by increasing angiogenesis. o-HA-RHAMM binding dependent signal transduction pathway may be important in the regulation of angiogenesis associated with EC proliferation.