In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words.

Input: Consider Input: Modern distributed cyber-physical systems encounter a large variety of anomalies and in many cases, they are vulnerable to catastrophic fault propagation scenarios due to strong connectivity among the sub-systems. In this regard, root-cause analysis becomes highly intractable due to complex fault propagation mechanisms in combination with diverse operating modes. This paper presents a new data-driven framework for root-cause analysis for addressing such issues. The framework is based on a spatiotemporal feature extraction scheme for multivariate time series built on the concept of symbolic dynamics for discovering and representing causal interactions among subsystems of a complex system. We propose sequential state switching (S) and artificial anomaly association (A) methods to implement rootcause analysis in an unsupervised and semi-supervised manner respectively. Synthetic data from cases with failed pattern(s) and anomalous node are simulated to validate the proposed approaches, then compared with the performance of vector autoregressive (VAR) model-based root-cause analysis. The results show that: (1) S andA approaches can obtain high accuracy in root-cause analysis and successfully handle multiple nominal operation modes, and (2) the proposed tool-chain is shown to be scalable while maintaining high accuracy.

Output: Root-cause analysis for time-series anomalies via spatiotemporal causal graphical modeling


Input: Consider Input: In many combinatorial problems one may need to model the diversity or similarity of sets of assignments. For example, one may wish to maximise or minimise the number of distinct values in a solution. To formulate problems of this type we can use soft variants of the well known AllDifferent and AllEqual constraints. We present a taxonomy of six soft global constraints, generated by combining the two latter ones and the two standard cost functions, which are either maximised or minimised. We characterise the complexity of achieving arc and bounds consistency on these constraints, resolving those cases for which NP-hardness was neither proven nor disproven. In particular, we explore in depth the constraint ensuring that at least k pairs of variables have a common value. We show that achieving arc consistency is NP-hard, however bounds consistency can be achieved in polynomial time through dynamic programming. Moreover, we show that the maximum number of pairs of equal variables can be approximated by a factor of 12 with a linear time greedy algorithm. Finally, we provide a fixed parameter tractable algorithm with respect to the number of values appearing in more than two distinct domains. Interestingly, this taxonomy shows that enforcing equality is harder than enforcing difference.

Output: Soft Constraints of Difference and Equality


Input: Consider Input: The Cmabrigde Uinervtisy (Cambridge University) effect from the psycholinguistics literature has demonstrated a robust word processing mechanism in humans, where jumbled words (e.g. Cmabrigde / Cambridge) are recognized with little cost. Inspired by the findings from the Cmabrigde Uinervtisy effect, we propose a word recognition model based on a semi-character level recursive neural network (scRNN). In our experiments, we demonstrate that scRNN has significantly more robust performance in word spelling correction (i.e. word recognition) compared to existing spelling checkers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the model is cognitively plausible by replicating a psycholinguistics experiment about human reading difficulty using our model.


Output: Robsut Wrod Reocginiton via semi-Character Recurrent Neural Network