We would like you to assess the QUALITY of each of the following argument (discussing Gun Control) and determine if the argument is Valid or Invalid. A valid argument is clearly interpretable and either expresses an argument, or a premise or a conclusion that can be used in an argument for the topic of gun control. An invalid argument is a phrase that cannot be interpreted as an argument or not on the topic of gun control.

Input: Consider Input: Under English common law, the Castle Doctrine was intended to be a narrow exception to the general duty to retreat.

Output: Invalid


Input: Consider Input: If the Second Amendment doesn't apply to the states then there is no Second Amendment legal protection against state gun laws (which would include any state laws that ban guns in school areas).

Output: Valid


Input: Consider Input: At best Heller was simply saying that the individual rights nature of the Second Amendment doesn't automatically rule all gun control null and void.


Output: Valid