Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Menopausal reduction in estrogen causes increased adipose accumulation, leading many to turn to dietary supplements to prevent and treat such changes. Enhanced adipose mobilization stimulated by some supplements can increase the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cytoprotective and anti-obesity compounds may prevent the lipotoxicity associated with mobilization.', 'A phytochemical blend was tested in aged, ovariectomized rats. Rats were given the AIN-93M basal diet or a diet containing varying doses of phytochemicals with 2.4 IU/g vitamin D [diet 1: 1000 mg/kg genistein (G); diet 2: 500 mg/kg (G), 200 mg/kg resveratrol (R), and 1000 mg/kg quercetin (Q); diet 3: 1000 mg/kg (G), 400 mg/kg (R), and 2000 mg/kg (Q)].', 'Serum free fatty acids and hepatic triglycerides were elevated with diets 2 and 3. Despite this increase, the phytochemical blends did not increase apoptotic, cell repair, or remodeling gene expression. The highest phytochemical dose prevented increases in serum alanine aminotransferase.

A: Does a dietary phytochemical blend prevent liver damage associated with adipose tissue mobilization in ovariectomized rats?
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Q: There is insufficient knowledge of infectious risk in patients after splenectomy; minimal data exists specifically for trauma patients. This study evaluated patient knowledge and practices regarding infection risk after traumatic splenectomy. Our hypothesis was that patients with poor knowledge regarding their asplenic state would be less likely to pursue medical care in the event of an illness than those with good knowledge.', 'Non-randomized, cohort study of all posttraumatic splenectomy patients < or =11 years after injury in 2 rural trauma centers. Patients received a validated questionnaire; weighted responses determined knowledge about infection risks and appropriate follow-up actions.', 'Fifty-four percent of patients responded to the questionnaire. Overall, 47% of responders were identified as having adequate knowledge regarding infectious risk, and only 28% would pursue appropriate medical care. Of patients with adequate knowledge, 42% were more likely to pursue appropriate care versus 15% of patients with inadequate knowledge (p = 0.06). Patients with adequate knowledge were more likely to receive an annual influenza vaccine (p = 0.03) and contact their provider with fewer symptoms (p = 0.03). Logistic regression revealed significant interactions between knowledge and presence of comorbidities (p = 0.04). Focusing on patients with poor knowledge and absence of comorbidities, none would engage in appropriate action in the event of illness (p < 0.01). A longer time since injury, >3 years, was associated with a diminished likelihood of appropriate action (p = 0.03). The relationship between knowledge and action was not accounted for by other potential confounders.

A: Do time lapse and comorbidities influence patient knowledge and pursuit of medical care after traumatic splenectomy?
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Q: The objective of this study was to increase the spatial and temporal resolution of dynamic 3-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lung volumes and diaphragm motion. To achieve this goal, we evaluate the utility of the proposed blind compressed sensing (BCS) algorithm to recover data from highly undersampled measurements.', 'We evaluated the performance of the BCS scheme to recover dynamic data sets from retrospectively and prospectively undersampled measurements. We also compared its performance against that of view-sharing, the nuclear norm minimization scheme, and the l1 Fourier sparsity regularization scheme. Quantitative experiments were performed on a healthy subject using a fully sampled 2D data set with uniform radial sampling, which was retrospectively undersampled with 16 radial spokes per frame to correspond to an undersampling factor of 8. The images obtained from the 4 reconstruction schemes were compared with the fully sampled data using mean square error and normalized high-frequency error metrics. The schemes were also compared using prospective 3D data acquired on a Siemens 3 T TIM TRIO MRI scanner on 8 healthy subjects during free breathing. Two expert cardiothoracic radiologists (R1 and R2) qualitatively evaluated the reconstructed 3D data sets using a 5-point scale (0-4) on the basis of spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and presence of aliasing artifacts.', 'The BCS scheme gives better reconstructions (mean square error = 0.0232 and normalized high frequency = 0.133) than the other schemes in the 2D retrospective undersampling experiments, producing minimally distorted reconstructions up to an acceleration factor of 8 (16 radial spokes per frame). The prospective 3D experiments show that the BCS scheme provides visually improved reconstructions than the other schemes do. The BCS scheme provides improved qualitative scores over nuclear norm and l1 Fourier sparsity regularization schemes in the temporal blurring and spatial blurring categories. The qualitative scores for aliasing artifacts in the images reconstructed by nuclear norm scheme and BCS scheme are comparable.The comparisons of the tidal volume changes also show that the BCS scheme has less temporal blurring as compared with the nuclear norm minimization scheme and the l1 Fourier sparsity regularization scheme. The minute ventilation estimated by BCS for tidal breathing in supine position (4 L/min) and the measured supine inspiratory capacity (1.5 L) is in good correlation with the literature. The improved performance of BCS can be explained by its ability to efficiently adapt to the data, thus providing a richer representation of the signal.

A:
Does blind Compressed Sensing enable 3-Dimensional Dynamic Free Breathing Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lung Volumes and Diaphragm Motion?
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