Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: A colorectal tumor is not an isolated entity growing in a restricted location of the body. The patient's gut environment constitutes the framework where the tumor evolves and this relationship promotes and includes a complex and tight correlation of the tumor with inflammation, blood vessels formation, nutrition, and gut microbiome composition. The tumor influence in the environment could both promote an anti-tumor or a pro-tumor response.", 'A set of 98 paired adjacent mucosa and tumor tissues from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 50 colon mucosa from healthy donors (246 samples in total) were included in this work. RNA extracted from each sample was hybridized in Affymetrix chips Human Genome U219. Functional relationships between genes were inferred by means of systems biology using both transcriptional regulation networks (ARACNe algorithm) and protein-protein interaction networks (BIANA software).', 'Here we report a transcriptomic analysis revealing a number of genes activated in adjacent mucosa from CRC patients, not activated in mucosa from healthy donors. A functional analysis of these genes suggested that this active reaction of the adjacent mucosa was related to the presence of the tumor. Transcriptional and protein-interaction networks were used to further elucidate this response of normal gut in front of the tumor, revealing a crosstalk between proteins secreted by the tumor and receptors activated in the adjacent colon tissue; and vice versa. Remarkably, Slit family of proteins activated ROBO receptors in tumor whereas tumor-secreted proteins transduced a cellular signal finally activating AP-1 in adjacent tissue.

Answer: 0


Question: To analyze whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ2) rs1801282 (Pro12Ala) polymorphism is associated with the response to pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin treatment in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients, and whether it is able to predict the outcome of HCV treatment.', 'Retrospective follow-up study.', 'Two hundred eighty-five naive patients, who started HCV-treatment, were genotyped for PPARγ2 and interleukin 28B polymorphisms. Genetic data were analyzed under dominant inheritance model. Sustained virological response (SVR) was defined as undetectable HCV viremia through 24 weeks after the end of HCV treatment.', 'The variables significantly associated with SVR in a multivariate analysis were HCV-genotype (GT) 3 {adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.66 [95% of confidence interval (95% CI): 3.96 to 14.81] P < 0.001}, HCV-viremia <500,000 IU/mL [aOR = 2.20 (95% CI: 1.16 to 4.15] P = 0.015), no/mild liver fibrosis (F < 2) [aOR = 1.92 (95% CI: 1.08 to 3.42) P = 0.026], IL28B rs12980275 AA genotype [aOR = 2.70 (95% CI: 1.54 to 4.71) P < 0.001], and PPARγ2 rs1801282 CG/GG genotype [aOR = 2.93 (95% CI: 1.27 to 6.72) P = 0.011]. When PPARγ2 rs1801282 genotype was included in a decision tree analysis, HCV-GT3 patients with CG/GG genotype had increased SVR from 80.3% to 100%. In GT1/4 patients, rs12980275 AA carriers had increased SVR from 58.7% to 78.6%, and rs12980275 AG/GG carriers had increased SVR from 28.7% to 35.7%. The overall percentage of patients correctly classified was 71.6% and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.766 ± 0.028.

Answer: 1


Question: Hypertension of the recipient is strongly associated with chronic allograft nephropathy. It is unclear, however, whether hypertension is the cause or the consequence of chronic allograft nephropathy.', 'The present study was performed in the Fisher to Lewis rat kidney transplant model. Transplanted rats (N = eight in each group) received either no treatment or were made hypertensive by administration of deoxycorticosteron acetate (DOCA) and salt. Proteinuria and systolic blood pressure was measured monthly, grafts were harvested at 3 and 6 months for semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and for immunohistology.', 'Systolic blood pressure was markedly elevated in rats receiving DOCA/salt. Allografts of hypertensive animals contained significantly more cells expressing the proliferating cell nuclear antigen compared to isografts and to allografts from normotensive animals (P < 0.05). Histologic staining and mRNA expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II was markedly increased in allografts of hypertensive animals compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). Expression of mRNA for platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and collagen was higher in allografts than in isografts and was highest in hypertensive animals.

Answer:
0