In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Input: Consider Input: Melamine resin is formed by dehydration of this compound, while barbiturates can also be formed by addition of this compound to malonic acid. Other uses of this compound include separation of racemic mixtures. Originally produced by a reaction between silver cyanate with ammonium chloride, it is now made in indusrial quantities by heating carbon dioxide with ammonia. When arginine is split, it forms an ornithine molecule and a molecule of this; the principal end product of mammalian nitrogen metabolism. First isolated by H.M. Rouelle, FTP, name the compound used to disprove the theory of vitalism when, in 1828 Friedrich Wohler, first synthesized it from inorganic materials.

Output: Science


Input: Consider Input: In topological insulators, one version of this effect gives rise to a defect-resistant current induced by spin-orbit coupling. In graphene, this effect is shifted by one half, giving rise to an anomalous minimum of the relevant quantity, which can allow for ballistic transport. A more complex version of it was discovered in gallium arsenide and can be explained by Laughlin quasiparticles; this is referred to as the fractional version. This effect can be understood in terms of partial filling of Landau levels and has characteristic "plateaus", and it yields numbers called filling factors. Discovered by Klaus von Klitzing when studying a two-dimensional electron gas, for 10 points, identify this effect in which conductivity in a strong magnetic field is quantized.

Output: Science


Input: Consider Input: Peter of Blois claimed that this man's reign was a time of no blessing, and this man waited four years before selecting a successor to Lanfranc. This man sent Edgar Atheling to dethrone Donald Bane. He built a castle in the city of Carlisle, which he captured after forcing King Malcom III to submit to his rule, and he also put down a rebellion by Robert of Mowbray. He pledged to cut taxes in order to stave off an earlier rebellion by Odo of Bayeux and Geoffrey of Contances, which sought to replace this man with his brother Robert Curthose. He confiscated all property belonging to his appointed archbishop St. Anselm, and he was finally killed by Walter Tirel, allowing another brother to take the throne as Henry I. For 10 points, name this second Norman King of England, who shares his name with his father, the Conqueror. 


Output: History