In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Example Input: id. at 581, citing pappas, supra at 431.
Example Output: non-overruling

Example Input: accordingly, and to the extent it differs from the holding herein, duncan v. beck is overruled.
Example Output: overruling

Example Input: at the time the trial court entered its final judgment of dismissal in march 2016, the case law in this area was arguably in a state of flux, but that is no longer the situation.
Example Output:
non-overruling