instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
The EuroSCORE (European System for cardiac operative risk evaluation) stratifies cardiac risk surgery in easy and accessible manner; it was validated in North America with good results but in many countries of Latin America is used routinely without prior validation. Our objective was to validate the EuroSCORE in patients with cardiac valve surgery at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INCICh) in México.', 'EuroSCORE additive and logistic models were used to predict mortality in adults undergoing cardiac valve surgery from march 2004 to march 2008. The goodness of fit test of Hosmer-Lemeshow was used to evaluate the calibration. The area under the ROC curve was calculated to determinate discrimination.', 'We included 1188 patients with ages of 51.3±14.5 years, 52% women. There were significant differences in the prevalence of risk factors among the INCICh and the EuroSCORE populations. Total mortality was 9.68% versus 5% and 5.6% predicted by additive and logistic EuroSCORE. According to additive EuroSCORE the risk was low in 11.3%, intermediate in 52.9% and high in 35.9%; for these groups the mortality was .7%, 6.34% and 17.4% against those predicted of 2%, 3.9% and 7.64%. Hosmer-Lemeshow test had a P<.001 for both models and the area under the ROC curve was .707 and .694 for additive and logistic EuroSCORE.
answer:
Do [ EuroSCORE underestimate the mortality risk in cardiac valve surgery of Mexican population ]?


question:
To investigate the expression of scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein (SR-PSOX)/CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) in the human monocyte-derived cell line THP-1, and the effect of lentiviral vectors for the stable delivery of SR-PSOX/CXCL16 short hairpin RNA on foam cell formation.', 'A lentiviral expression vector containing enhanced green fluorescence protein (GFP) and SR-PSOX small interfering RNA (siRNA) (Lenti-SR-PSOXsi), or the control siRNA (Lenti-NC) gene was constructed. A human monocyte-derived cell line THP-1 was transfected with a different multiplicity of infection (MOI) of Lenti-SR-PSOXsi or Lenti-NC, and cultured to obtain stably-transfected THP- 1KD and THP-1NC cells. After incubation with oxidatively-modified, low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), the expression of SR-PSOX/CXCL16 mRNA was determined by real-time PCR. The expression of the SR-PSOX/CXCL16 protein was detected by flow cytometry analysis. The effect of Lenti-SR-PSOXsi on foam cell formation was assessed by Oil red O-stain analysis.', 'Ox-LDL increased the expression of SR-PSOX/CXCL16 mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner in THP-1 cells. Four days after transfection with Lenti-SR-PSOXsi (MOI: 100), the percentage of GFP expression cells was over 89.3%. The expression of the SR-PSOX/ CXCL16 mRNA and protein in THP-1KD cells significantly decreased compared with the parent cells, even the THP-1KD cells stimulated with 40 mg/L Ox-LDL. Ox-LDL uptake experiments in THP-1- and THP-1KD-derived macrophages indicated that SR-PSOX/CXCL16 deficiency decreased the development of macrophage- derived foam cell formation.
answer:
Does lentiviral vector-mediated siRNA knockdown of SR-PSOX inhibit foam cell formation in vitro?


question:
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious eating disorder characterized by self-starvation, extreme weight loss, and alterations in brain structure. Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have documented brain volume reductions in acute AN, but it is unclear whether they are 1) regionally specific, or 2) reversible following weight restoration. Here, we measured cortical thickness (CT) for the first time in AN.', "Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from adolescent and young adult female patients with acute AN (n = 40), recovered patients following long-term weight restoration (n = 34), and an equal number of age-matched healthy control subjects. Group differences in CT were tested with well-validated procedures implemented in FreeSurfer. The mediating role of clinical variables including body mass index and drive for thinness were explored. For completeness, we also used FreeSurfer's subcortical segmentation stream to test group differences in volumes of select gray matter regions of interest.", 'Vertex-wise analyses revealed significant thinning of over 85% of the cortical surface in patients with acute AN and CT normalization in recovered patients following long-term weight restoration, although normal age-related trajectories were absent in the disorder. This pattern of results was largely mirrored in subcortical volumes. We also observed a strong negative correlation between CT and drive for thinness in extrastriate regions involved in body perception.
answer:

Does global cortical thinning in acute anorexia nervosa normalize following long-term weight restoration?