This task involves creating questions from a given passage that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning). 
The generated questions must require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. Try to use a variety of reasoning types in your questions (some of the sample reasoning types are illustrated in the 'positive examples' field) and also have a variety of answer types (spans, numbers, dates). A span is a continuous phrase taken directly from the passage or question. In such questions, the answer spans are recommended to be five words. Questions with answer type "number", are expected to start with "How many". For instance, "How long did an event last?" can be phrased as "How many years did an event last?". To increase diversity, try to create more questions for which the answer will be multiple spans. Please create questions that require AT LEAST 2 arithmetic operations as illustrated in the 'positive examples' field. You are encouraged to try DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS of operations and not just limit to the combinations shown in those examples. The more challenging questions you create, the better it is.

Input: Consider Input: Passage: In the first period, before 1648, we are dealing mostly with raids and defensive measures. Before 1507 raids were into the Polish Ukraine extending as far as Belarus. After 1507 raiding into the Ukraine continued but most raids were in the region south of Moscow. There was a tendency for population, fortifications and raiding to shift south from Moscow and east from the Polish/Ukrainian area. After 1648 we are dealing with large armies - Tatars, Turks, Poles, Russians and large numbers of Ukrainian Cossacks. Most fighting was in the western Ukraine . This drove the Slavic population to the Left Bank and probably allowed Russian population to expand southward north of Ukraine. Fighting weakened the Polish Commonwealth, but Russia continued to grow southward until it annexed Crimea in 1783. Note that this list does not include raids before 1480, raids further east, most Cossack raids on Crimea and petty raiding between different groups of Nogais, which was considerable. The main underlying theme of the period is the southward expansion of Russian population and the eastward expansion of Ukrainian population. If we had population figures for this the history of the period would be much clearer.

Output: How many years after raids were well into the Polish Ukraine as far as Belarus did Russia annex Crimea?


Input: Consider Input: Passage: In what Cowboys Owner Jerry Jones said was the best win in at least eight to ten years, the Cowboys beat the previously undefeated Colts 21-14. The game was nationally televised on CBS, having been moved from 1:00pm to 4:15pm (EST) because of the NFL's new "flex scheduling" policy. It was the first game played between the two teams at Texas Stadium in ten years. With the rest of the NFC East losing that weekend, the Cowboys were tied with the New York Giants for first place in the NFC East, and in a tie for second place in the NFC. The Cowboys chances of winning the division, and possibly a first-round bye in the playoffs were suddenly much brighter, especially with the rival Philadelphia Eagles losing Donovan McNabb for the season.

Output: How many combined points did the Colts and Cowboys have?


Input: Consider Input: Passage: Hoping to rebound from their divisional home loss to the Jaguars, the Titans flew to INVESCO Field at Mile High for a Week 11 Monday Night intraconference duel with the Denver Broncos. In the first quarter, Tennessee trailed early as Broncos QB Jay Cutler completed a 48-yard TD pass to WR Brandon Stokley, along with WR/PR Glenn Martinez returning a punt 80 yards for a touchdown. In the second quarter, the Titans got on the board with QB Vince Young completing a 21-yard TD pass to WR Brandon Jones. Denver would respond with kicker Jason Elam getting a 21-yard and a 39-yard field goal. Tennessee would end the half with kicker Rob Bironas getting a 56-yard field goal. In the third quarter, the Titans continue to trail as Cutler completed a 41-yard TD pass to WR Brandon Marshall. Tennessee would reply with Young getting a 4-yard TD run. In the fourth quarter, the Titans tried to get a comeback as Bironas nailed a 37-yard field goal. Unfortunately, the Broncos sealed the win with RB Andre Hall getting a 62-yard TD run.


Output: How many 40+ yard touchdown passes did Cutler have?