In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

A 1975 constitutional crisis resulted from its bicameral parliamentary system, in which the Government is formed in the House of Representatives but the Senate can block supply, and from the fact that it is not a republic. After the Senate rejected Prime Minister Gough [GOFF] Whitlam's budget, Whitlam was dismissed by the Queen's representative, Governor-General John Kerr. FTP, what federation of 6 states and 2 territories, now led by Prime Minister John Howard, is the world's 6th-largest country and smallest continent
Social Science

The attenuated total reflection type of this can be used on compounds with a low surface area, while the diffuse reflectance type can be used to study samples that are not sufficiently transparent. The multiplex advantage explains the use of the Fourier Transform type of this. Diatomic bonds are generally not found in the fingerprint region, and the stretching seen using this technique generally occurs at higher frequencies than the bending. Most types of this use some sort of absorption, because each bond in the molecule will absorb only its characteristic frequency. For 10 points, name this type of analytical technique, which categorizes compounds based on the frequency of the vibration of its bonds when exposed to radiation of waves longer than those of visible light.
Science

The enzyme LCAT catalyzes the formation of an ester from this compound. Intermediates in the synthesis of this compound include squalene [SKWAY-leen] and mevalonate [muh-VAL-uh-nate], the latter of which is produced by HMG-CoA reductase. Vitamin D is formed from the 7-dehydro form of this compound, which reduces membrane fluidity. This compound, which is transported to the liver by high-density lipoprotein, is linked to heart disease. For 10 points, name this compound whose amount in the blood is lowered by statins such as Crestor and Lipitor.

Science