You are given a science question (hard-level) and four answer options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D"). Your task is to find the correct answer based on scientific facts, knowledge, and reasoning. Do not generate anything else apart from one of the following characters: 'A', 'B, 'C', 'D'. There is only one correct answer for each question.
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Question: What causes a ship carrying heavy cargo to take more time to come to a stop than an identical ship carrying lighter cargo if both ships are traveling at the same speed?  
 (A) increased friction (B) greater momentum (C) greater acceleration (D) more constant velocity

Answer: B


Question: Nonaggressive birds called purple martins nest each spring to lay eggs. Starlings are aggressive birds that will eat the purple martin's eggs and nestlings. Which will most likely be the effect on both populations after a starling invasion?  
 (A) Purple martins will increase and starlings will decrease. (B) Purple martins will increase and starlings will increase. (C) Purple martins will decrease and starlings will decrease. (D) Purple martins will decrease and starlings will increase.

Answer: D


Question: A mouse is placed at one end of a cardboard maze that has a piece of cheese at the other end. The mouse smells the cheese and learns how to find it. The mouse is using an  
 (A) acquired trait to gain an inherited trait. (B) inherited trait to gain an acquired trait. (C) acquired trait to gain another acquired trait. (D) inherited trait to gain another inherited trait.

Answer:
B