Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between cardiomyopathy and recipient twin (RT) outcome in twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).', 'Fetal echocardiography and outcomes data in 62 consecutive pregnancies with TTTS were reviewed. The primary outcome was neonatal RT survival. The severity of RT cardiomyopathy at presentation was assessed by the cardiovascular profile score (CVPS). RT outcomes and odds of survival were compared between groups stratified by CVPS.', 'Overall neonatal survival for all fetuses was 61% (76 of 124). RT survival was 58% (36 of 62). Grouped by CVPS, RT survival was greater (50%) for those with CVPS > or = 9 and even higher (74%) for CVPS of 10. Among the components of the CVPS, atrioventricular valve regurgitation was associated with negative RT outcome. Other factors at presentation were not predictive of RT outcome.

Output: 0


Input: Consider Input: To investigate the mechanism by which methylprednisolone protects the liver from hypoxia-induced injury.', 'Prospective control study using the isolated rat liver.', 'Animal research facility.', 'Male, fasted, pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats.', 'Low-flow hypoxia was produced by reducing afferent perfusate pressure from 10 to 2.5 cm H(2)O; isolated livers were portally perfused for 2 hrs.', "We measured mitochondrial membrane potential and hydrogen peroxide production by imaging rhodamine 123 and 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, respectively. Leakage of mitochondrial enzymes was also monitored by assaying mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase activity in the outflow perfusate, and the radical-scavenging effect of methylprednisolone was assessed by measuring luminol-dependent hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence. Apoptosis in liver cells was determined by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling. Rhodamine 123 fluorescence was significantly diminished in the hypoxic liver, especially in the region of the terminal hepatic venules, which is indicative of membrane depolarization in the mitochondria in those areas. Hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was indicated by leakage of aspartate aminotransferase into the outflow perfusate, and increased 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence indicated increased hydrogen peroxide levels, particularly in the midzone. Pretreatment with 30, 10, or 3 mg/kg of methylprednisolone inhibited the hypoxia-induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and enzyme leakage, although hydrogen peroxide levels and apoptosis in sinusoidal endothelial cells were unaffected.

Output: 1


Input: Consider Input: In Europe, extracts of Equisetum arvense (common horsetail) have a long tradition in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. To understand the molecular basis for its use, we investigated the immunomodulatory capacity of a standardized commercially available common horsetail extract on human primary lymphocyte function in vitro.', 'The standardized extract of Equisetum arvense was phytochemically characterized. Effects on proliferation, viability and activity of mitogen-activated human lymphocytes were assessed in comparison to cyclosporine A using annexin V/propidium iodide staining assays and flow cytometry-based surface receptor characterization, respectively. Intracellular levels of effector molecules (IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were analyzed with cytokine assays.', 'T cell proliferation was inhibited dose dependently by the Equisetum extract without induction of apoptosis or necrosis. This effect was mediated through inhibition of lymphocyte activation, specifically by diminishing CD69 and IL-2 surface receptor expression and intracellular IL-2 production. Furthermore, treatment with Equisetum arvense inhibited effector functions, as indicated by reduced production of IFN-γ and TNF-α.


Output: 0