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A defect in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells may cause dysfunction of the neural retina, so rapid recovery of differentiated RPE cells is required after RPE injury. We investigated the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on wound healing in RPE cells.', 'Confluent monolayers of bovine RPE cells were denuded, and the cells were allowed to recover in the presence or absence of HGF. The effect of HGF on RPE cell proliferation was evaluated by a 3-(4;5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetraz olium assay. In a migration assay, mitomycin C was used to inhibit proliferation, and the number of migrated cells was counted. The signaling pathways involved were examined using inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase and protein kinase C pathways.', 'At 80 ng/mL, HGF stimulated the wound closure of RPE monolayers and rendered the restituted cells more epithelioid in shape. HGF at 10 ng/mL stimulated RPE cell migration the most, whereas 80 ng/mL of HGF inhibited migration, but stimulated proliferation the most. In particular, PI3 kinase and MAPK inhibitor inhibited PRE cell migration and proliferation, respectively.
Does hepatocyte growth factor stimulate proliferation and migration during wound healing of retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro?

Recent studies have suggested that the percent of positive cores in the prostate needle biopsy is a significant predictor of outcome among men undergoing radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for prostate cancer. We evaluate whether either percent of cores with cancer or percent of cores positive from the most and least involved side of the prostate needle biopsy was associated with a worse outcome among men treated with radical prostatectomy.', 'A retrospective survey of 1,094 patients from the SEARCH Database treated with radical prostatectomy at 4 different equal access medical centers in California between 1988 and 2002 was undertaken. We used multivariate analysis to examine whether total percent of prostate needle biopsy cores with cancer, percent of cores positive from each side of the prostate and other clinical variables were significant predictors of adverse pathology and time to prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence following radical prostatectomy.', 'On multivariate analysis serum PSA and percent of positive cores were significant predictors of positive surgical margins, nonorgan confined disease and seminal vesicle invasion. Percent of positive cores (p <0.001), serum PSA (p = 0.008) and biopsy Gleason score (p = 0.014) were significant independent predictors of time to biochemical recurrence. On a separate multivariate analysis that included the variables of total percent of positive cores, percent of positive cores from the most involved side of the biopsy, percent of positive cores from the least involved side of the biopsy and whether the biopsy was positive unilaterally or bilaterally, only the percent of positive cores from the most involved side of the biopsy was a significant independent predictor of PSA failure following radical prostatectomy. Percent of positive cores was used to separate patients into a low risk (less than 34%), intermediate risk (34% to 50%) and high risk (greater than 50%) groups, which provided significant preoperative risk stratification for PSA recurrence following radical prostatectomy (p <0.001). Percent of positive cores cut points were able to further risk stratify men who were at low (p = 0.001) or intermediate (p = 0.036) but not high (p = 0.674) risk for biochemical failure based on serum PSA and biopsy Gleason score.
Is percent of prostate needle biopsy cores with cancer significant independent predictor of prostate specific antigen recurrence following radical prostatectomy : results from SEARCH database?

Adipose tissue is closely associated with angiogenesis, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Some of the adipocyte-derived cytokines are hypothesized to play an important role in angiogenesis. We evaluated tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured in type I collagen gel when overlaid with the supernatant of 3T3-L1 cell culture, and expression of tube-forming factor(s) in 3T3-L1 cells with or without pioglitazone. We also studied plasma growth factor levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with pioglitazone.', 'The supernatant of 3T3-L1 cells increased tube formation of HUVECs by 9.03-fold of control. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA were expressed in 3T3-L1 cells. Western blot analysis also demonstrated HGF and VEGF protein expression. When 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 100 nM small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for HGF, the HGF mRNA and protein were suppressed. The VEGF mRNA and protein in the cells were also suppressed by siRNA for VEGF. The supernatant of 3T3-L1 cells treated with HGF siRNA suppressed tube formation of HUVECs by 61% compared with the supernatant of cells treated with control siRNA. Addition of VEGF siRNA resulted in no significant changes. The supernatant conditioned with pioglitazone further promoted the tube formation. Pioglitazone enhanced HGF mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 cells. After 12 weeks of pioglitazone treatment, the changes of plasma HGF levels in patients treated with pioglitazone were significantly higher than those in control.

Does hepatocyte growth factor secreted by cultured adipocytes promote tube formation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro?