Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Example Input: Vein bypass is an essential therapy for patients with advanced peripheral and coronary artery disease despite development of neointimal hyperplasia. We have shown that stimulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase ephrin type-B receptor 4 (Eph-B4) with its ligand ephrin-B2 prevents neointimal hyperplasia in murine vein grafts. This study determines whether Eph-B4 in adult human veins is capable of phosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling pathways, as well as functional to release nitric oxide (NO) and prevent neointimal hyperplasia in vitro.', 'Discarded human saphenous veins were taken from the operating room and placed in organ culture without or with ephrin-B2/Fc (2 μg/mL) for 14 days, and the neointima/media ratio was measured in matched veins. Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with ephrin-B2/Fc (2 μg/mL) and examined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunoassays, and for release of NO. Ephrin-B2/Fc (2 μg/mL) was placed on the adventitia of saphenous veins treated with arterial shear stress for 24 hours in a bioreactor and activated Eph-B4 examined with immunofluorescence.', 'The baseline intima/media ratio in saphenous vein rings was 0.456 ± 0.097, which increased to 0.726 ± 0.142 in untreated veins after 14 days in organ culture but only to 0.630 ± 0.132 in veins treated with ephrin-B2/Fc (n = 19, P = .017). Ephrin-B2/Fc stimulated Akt, endothelial NO synthase and caveolin-1 phosphorylation, and NO release (P = .007) from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (n = 6). Ephrin-B2/Fc delivered to the adventitia stimulated endothelial Eph-B4 phosphorylation after 24 hours of arterial stress in a bioreactor (n = 3).
Example Output: 0

Example Input: Deep erythema and inflammation after re-epithelialization of superficial wounds is a sign of scar formation. Corticosteroids may prevent scarring by suppression of inflammation and fibroblast activity. Tretinoin may increase the efficacy of corticosteroids in this setting.', 'To evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids plus tretinoin for prevention of scars after superficial wounds.', 'In a retrospective study of patients with superficial partial thickness thermal skin burn, we compared the patients who received clobetasol plus tretinoin after re-epithelialization with patients who did not receive any medication. Clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment was used twice daily with overnight occlusive dressing in conjunction with twice weekly topical tretinoin 0.05% cream.', 'Among 43 patients who had light pink or no erythema after re-epithelialization and consequently did not receive clobetasol\u2009+\u2009tretinoin, no scar was developed. Among patients who had deep erythema after re-epithelialization, rate of scar formation was significantly higher in 14 patients who did not receive clobetasol\u2009+\u2009tretinoin than in 21 patients who received clobetasol\u2009+\u2009tretinoin (64% and 19%, respectively; p\u2009=\u20090.01).
Example Output: 1

Example Input: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are exposed to a high risk of death. Nutritional status has been recognized as a key factor for patient survival. Nutritional markers have been shown to improve after HD onset. In this study we have analyzed the dynamics of target weight (TGW) change and the evolution of other nutritional parameters during the first year of HD treatment and their influence on patients' outcomes.", 'We have analyzed a retrospective cohort of incident patients starting HD therapy between January 2000 and January 2009, and studied the values and changes in TGW, interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), predialysis systolic blood pressure, serum albumin, protein intake, C-reactive protein (CRP) from the start and first week (W1), W8, W12, W26 and W52 in patients who survived the first year of therapy. We have analyzed the relationship between TGW changes with other nutritional parameters and the patient survival.', 'Among the cohort including 363 patients starting HD therapy, 251 (age 65.8 ± 14.8 years, 93 female/158 male, diabetes 36%) survived at least 1 year after dialysis onset and were followed for 44.9 months. During the first 8 weeks, the TGW decreased by 6.5 ± 5.6% (initial TGW change). The initial TGW change was correlated with IDWG at W12 and W26, and with changes in serum albumin and nPNA (normalized protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance) between HD W1 and W52 (respectively +7.8 and +11.4%). From W8 to W52, the TGW increased by +1.9 ± 7.4% (secondary TGW change). The Kaplan-Meier analysis displayed a significantly better survival in patients above the median (+2.3%) of the secondary TGW change (respectively -3.6 ± 5.2% and +7.6 ± 4.5%). The two groups above and below this median were not different according to age, diabetes or cardiovascular event history but the patients above the median had a significant higher IDWG and protein intake. In the Cox model analysis the patient overall mortality was related to age (p < 0.0001), to the secondary TGW change (p = 0.0001), and to the CRP level at W52 (p < 0.0001).
Example Output:
0