instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Graduation Really Achieves Dreams 
Act'' or the ``GRAD Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The national high school graduation rate is only 70 
        percent, and in urban districts that percentage drops further 
        to only 50 percent.
            (2) The national graduation rate for the class of 2001 was 
        only 51 percent for African Americans and 52 percent for Latino 
        students.
            (3) Each school day, approximately 3,000 secondary school 
        students drop out of school.
            (4) Six million secondary students who make up the lowest 
        25 percent in terms of achievement scores are 3.5 times more 
        likely to drop out than students in the next highest quarter of 
        academic achievement, and are 20 times more likely to drop out 
        than high achieving students.
            (5) Approximately 25 percent of secondary school students 
        are reading at ``below basic'' levels. The problem is even more 
        severe for poor students of color. The average minority or low-
        income ninth grader performs at only the fifth or sixth grade 
        level in reading.
            (6) Low graduation rates are evidence that, in the earlier 
        grades, schools are not meeting the fundamental achievement 
        needs of low-income students.
            (7) Even those students who do graduate from secondary 
        schools and go on to college are struggling because they lack 
        the basic skills to succeed. Approximately 40 percent of all 4-
        year college students take a remedial course and 63 percent of 
        all community college students are assigned to at least one 
        remedial course.
            (8) A small percentage of low-income students who manage to 
        enter college are able to complete a degree. Of students from 
        families in the bottom 20 percent in terms of income who enter 
        college, only 27 percent go on to complete a two- or four-year 
        college degree within eight years.
            (9) Graduation rates impact early drop-out rates in the 
        military. The attrition rates of both non-high school graduates 
        and GED recipients are 8 percentage points higher than the 
        rates of graduates. As a result, the Armed Services no longer 
        accepts high school drop-outs and put less value on alternative 
        certificates.
            (10) Students who fail to graduate from high school are 
        more likely to engage in criminal activity than students who 
        graduate. A one percent increase in high school graduation 
        rates would save approximately $1.4 billion in costs associated 
        with incarceration, or about $2,100 for each male high school 
        graduate.
            (11) In today's workplace, nearly 8 in 10 adults with 
        bachelors degrees are employed, but for those who completed 
        high school only, the figure falls to about 6 in 10. And for 
        students who dropped out, the figure drops further to 4 in 10.
            (12) Employment projections indicate that jobs requiring 
        only a high school degree will grow by just 9 percent by the 
        year 2008, while those requiring a bachelor's degree will grow 
        by 25 percent and those requiring an associate's degree will 
        grow by 31 percent.
            (13) Personalization of the school environment has been 
        proven to increase success rates for low-performing secondary 
        school students. Nearly 50 percent of middle school youth and 
        40 percent of high school youth report feelings of 
        disengagement from school. Rates are even higher for teens and 
        minorities in urban schools. These feelings result in failure 
        to work hard, to seek assistance, or to take appropriate 
        courses.
            (14) Effective research-based education programs that 
        improve high school graduation rates are comprehensive in 
        nature and include interventions that begin in kindergarten and 
        span all the grades through 12th.

SEC. 3. PROJECT GRAD.

    (a) Purpose.--The purpose of the program authorized under this Act 
is--
            (1) to provide support and assistance to programs 
        implementing integrated education reform services to improve 
        high school graduation and college going rates for 
        disadvantaged students; and
            (2) to promote the establishment of new programs to 
        implement such integrated education reform services.
    (b) Grant Authorized.--The Secretary is authorized to award a grant 
to Project GRAD USA, a nonprofit educational organization that has as 
its primary purpose the improvement of high school graduation and 
college going rates for disadvantaged students (hereinafter in this 
section referred to as the ``grantee''), to provide support and 
technical assistance to existing programs implementing the set of 
integrated education reform services described in subsection (d)(2) and 
to promote the expansion of such programs.
    (c) Requirements of Grant Agreement.--The Secretary shall enter 
into an agreement with the grantee that requires that--
            (1) the grantee will enter into subcontracts with nonprofit 
        educational organizations (hereinafter in this section referred 
        to as ``subgrantees'') under which the subgrantees will agree 
        to establish, operate, and provide the non-Federal share of the 
        cost of implementing Project GRAD programs;
            (2) the grantee will provide such technical assistance to 
        the subgrantees as may be necessary to carry out the provisions 
        of this section;
            (3) funds made available under the grant can be used to pay 
        the Federal share of the cost of establishing and operating 
        programs as provided in paragraph (1) and costs associated with 
        the provision of technical assistance as provided in paragraph 
        (2); and
            (4) the grantee will select only subgrantees that serve a 
        substantial number or percentage of low-income students.
    (d) Supported Programs.--
            (1) Designation; feeder patterns.--The programs supported 
        with funds available under this section shall be known as 
        ``Project GRAD programs''. Such programs shall, with the 
        agreement of the grantee, identify one or more groups of public 
        schools at which services will be provided through establishing 
        a ``feeder pattern'' through which elementary and secondary 
        schools channel students having participated in Project GRAD 
        services into an identified high school.
            (2) Integrated education reform services.--The services 
        provided through project GRAD programs shall include--
                    (A) research-based programs in reading, 
                mathematics, and classroom management;
                    (B) campus-based social services programs including 
                a systematic approach to increase family and community 
                involvement in the schools served;
                    (C) a college access program, which includes the 
                provision of a college scholarship for students that 
                meet established criteria, proven approaches to 
                increasing student and family college awareness, and 
                assistance for those students in applying to college 
                for financial aid; and
                    (D) such other services identified by the grantee 
                as necessary to increase high school graduation and 
                college going rates.
    (e) Use of Funds.--Not less than 75 percent of the funds received 
by the grantee under this section shall be used to fund awards to 
subgrantees to carry out the requirements of subsection (d)(1). The 
balance of such funds shall be used by grantee to carry out the 
requirements of subsection (d)(2), as well as other such activities to 
promote greater public awareness of integrated education reform 
services to improve high school graduation and college going rates for 
disadvantaged students as described in subsection (d)(2).
    (f) Federal Share.--
            (1) In general.--For purposes of subsection (c), the term 
        ``Federal share'' means, with respect to the costs of Project 
        GRAD programs authorized in subsection (c), subgrants provided 
        by the grantee averaging $200 per pupil, adjusted to take into 
        consideration the resources available to the school at which 
        the subgrantee will implement the program, and the need for 
        Project GRAD USA services to improve student outcomes.
            (2) Exception.--Nothing in this subsection shall preclude 
        the awarding of subgrants reflecting a per student cost of more 
        than $200 if the grantee determines that additional resources 
        were not available consistent with the requirements placed on 
        the grantee in subsection (c)(4).
            (3) More may be required.--If funds or resources are 
        available to a subgrantee, the grantee may elect to award the 
        subgrantee less than the Federal share of the cost associated 
        with the program.
    (g) Evaluation.--
            (1) Evaluation by the secretary.--The Secretary shall 
        select an independent entity to evaluate every 3 years the 
        performance of students who participate in a program under this 
        section. The evaluation shall be contracted using the strongest 
        possible research design for determining the effectiveness of 
        programs funded under this section. The evaluation shall 
        include a comparison of reading and mathematics achievement 
        and, where applicable, high school graduation, college going, 
        and college completion rates of students who participate in the 
        programs funded under this section with those indicators for 
        students of similar backgrounds who do not participate in such 
        programs.
            (2) Evaluation by grantee and subgrantees.--The grantee 
        shall require each subgrantee to prepare an in-depth report of 
        the results of the programs supported with funds, and the use 
        of funds, made available under this section. Such review shall 
        include data on the reading and math achievement of students 
        involved in the programs and statistics on high school 
        graduation, college going, and college completion rates, and 
        such financial reporting as deemed relevant to review the 
        effectiveness and efficiency of the program. The report shall 
        be in a form and include such content as shall be determined by 
        the grantee in consultation with the Secretary or the entity 
        selected by the Secretary to evaluate the Project GRAD program.
            (3) Availability of evaluations.--Copies of any evaluation 
        or report prepared pursuant to this section shall be available 
        to the Secretary and the Chairman and ranking member of the 
        Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor 
        and Pensions of the Senate.
    (h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to make grants under this section $27,000,000 for fiscal 
year 2005 and such sums as may be necessary for each of the 5 
succeeding fiscal years.
    (i) Low-Income Student.--For purposes of this section, the term 
``low-income student'' means a student who is determined by a local 
educational agency to be from a low-income family using the measures 
described in section 1113(c) of the Elementary and Secondary Education 
Act of 1965.
answer:
Graduation Really Achieves Dreams Act - GRAD Act - Authorizes a grant to Project GRAD USA, a nonprofit educational organization for improving high school graduation and college-going rates for disadvantaged students, to provide technical assistance and support through subgrants to existing and new programs that implement a set of integrated education reform services.

Requires the grantee to select only subgrantees that serve a substantial number or percentage of low-income students. Requires the programs to identify one or more groups of public schools at which services will be provided through a feeder pattern through which elementary and secondary schools channel students having participated in program services into an identified high school. Requires program services to include: (1) research-based programs in reading, mathematics, and classroom management; (2) campus-based social services programs, including increasing family and community involvement in schools; (3) a college access program, including providing college scholarships for students who meet established criteria, increasing student and family college awareness, and assisting students to apply for college financial aid; and (4) other services the grantee identifies as necessary.


question:
SECTION l. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Freedom of Access to Clinic 
Entrances Act of 1993''.

SEC. 2. FREEDOM OF ACCESS TO REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES.

    Chapter 13 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
``Sec. 248. Blocking access to reproductive health services
    ``(a) Prohibited Activities.--Whoever--
            ``(1) by force, threat of force, or physical obstruction, 
        intentionally injures, intimidates, or interferes with any 
        person, or attempts to do so, because that person or any other 
        person or class of persons is obtaining or providing 
        reproductive health services; or
            ``(2) intentionally damages or destroys the property of a 
        facility, or attempts to do so, because that facility provides 
        reproductive health services;
shall be punished as provided in subsection (b) of this section and 
also be subject to the civil remedy provided in subsection (c) of this 
section, except that a parent or legal guardian of a minor shall not be 
subject to any penalties or civil remedies under this section for such 
activities insofar as they are directed exclusively at that minor.
    ``(b) Penalties.--Whoever violates subsection (a) of this section 
shall--
            ``(1) in the case of a first offense, be fined under this 
        title or imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both; and
            ``(2) in the case of a second or subsequent offense after a 
        prior conviction under this section, be fined under this title 
        or imprisoned not more than 3 years, or both;
except that, if bodily injury results, the length of imprisonment shall 
be not more than 10 years, and if death results, it shall be for any 
term of years or for life.
    ``(c) Civil Actions.--
            ``(1) Right of action generally.--Any person who is 
        aggrieved by a violation of subsection (a) of this section may 
        in a civil action obtain relief under this subsection.
            ``(2) Action by attorney general.--If the Attorney General 
        has reasonable cause to believe that any person, or group of 
        persons, is aggrieved by a violation of subsection (a) of this 
        section, the Attorney General may in a civil action obtain 
        relief under this subsection.
            ``(3) Actions by state attorneys general.--If an attorney 
        general of a State has reasonable cause to believe that any 
        person or group of persons is aggrieved by a violation of 
        subsection (a) of this section, that attorney general may in a 
        civil action obtain relief under this subsection.
            ``(4) Relief.--In any action under this subsection, the 
        court may award any appropriate relief, including temporary, 
        preliminary or permanent injunctive relief, and compensatory 
        and punitive damages for each person aggrieved by the 
        violation. With respect to compensatory damages, the aggrieved 
        person may elect, at any time before the rendering of final 
        judgment, to recover, in lieu of actual damages, an award of 
        statutory damages in the amount of $5,000 per violation. The 
        court may award to the prevailing party, other than the United 
        States, reasonable fees for attorneys and expert witnesses.
    ``(d) Rules of Construction.--(1) Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to prohibit any expressive conduct (including peaceful 
picketing or other peaceful demonstration) protected from legal 
prohibition by the first article of amendment to the Constitution.
    ``(2) Nothing in this section shall be construed to interfere with 
the authority of States to enforce State or local laws regulating the 
provision of reproductive health services.
    ``(e) Non-Preemption.--Congress does not intend this section to 
provide the exclusive remedies with respect to the conduct prohibited 
by it, nor to preempt the legislation of the States that may provide 
such remedies.
    ``(f) Definitions.--As used in this section, the following 
definitions apply:
            ``(1) Reproductive health services.--The term `reproductive 
        health services' means reproductive health services provided in 
        a hospital, clinic, physician's office, or other facility, and 
        includes medical, surgical, counselling or referral services 
        relating to the human reproductive system.
            ``(2) Facility.--The term `facility' includes the building 
        or structure in which the facility is located.
            ``(3) Physical obstruction.--The term `physical 
        obstruction' means rendering impassable ingress to or egress 
        from a facility that provides reproductive health services, or 
        rendering passage to or from such facility unreasonably 
        difficult.
            ``(4) State.--The term `State' includes a State of the 
        United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, 
        territory, or possession of the United States.
            ``(5) Intimidate.--The term `intimidate' means to place a 
        person in reasonable apprehension of bodily harm to himself or 
        herself or to another.''.

SEC. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    This Act takes effect on the date of the enactment of this Act, and 
shall apply only with respect to conduct occurring on or after such 
date.

SEC. 4. CLERICAL AMENDMENT.

    The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 13 of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new 
item:

``248. Blocking access to reproductive health services.''.

            Passed the House of Representatives November 18, 1993.

            Attest:

                                           DONNALD K. ANDERSON,

                                                                 Clerk.
answer:
Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act of 1993 - Amends the Federal criminal code to prohibit:  (1) intentionally injuring, intimidating, or interfering with any person by force, threat of force, or physical obstruction because that person or any other person or class of persons is obtaining or providing reproductive health services; or (2) intentionally damaging or destroying the property of a facility because that facility provides reproductive health services.  Subjects violators to specified penalties (including up to life imprisonment if death results) or civil remedies, except that a parent or legal guardian or a minor shall not be subject to such a penalty or remedy insofar as such activities are directed exclusively at that minor. Authorizes civil actions by aggrieved persons, the Attorney General, and State attorneys general for violations.  Specifies that in any such action:  (1) the court may award appropriate relief (including temporary, preliminary, or permanent injunctive relief) and compensatory and punitive damages for each person aggrieved by the violation; and (2) with respect to compensatory damages, the aggrieved person may elect, at any time before the rendering of final judgment, to recover an award of statutory damages in the amount of $5,000 per violation in lieu of actual damages.  Authorizes the court to award reasonable fees for attorneys and expert witnesses to the prevailing party, other than the United States. Specifies that:  (1) nothing in this Act shall be construed to prohibit any expressive conduct (including peaceful picketing or other peaceful demonstration) protected from legal prohibition by the first amendment or interfere with the authority of States to enforce State or local laws regulating the provision of reproductive health services; and (2) the Congress does not intend this Act to provide the exclusive remedies with respect to the conduct prohibited by it, nor to preempt State legislation that may provide such remedies.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Expanding Nutrition's Role in 
Curricula and Healthcare Act'' or the ``ENRICH Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) In 2012, United States health care spending was about 
        $8,915 per resident and accounted for 17.2 percent of the 
        Nation's gross domestic product, which is among the highest of 
        all industrialized countries.
            (2) Expenditures in the United States on health care 
        surpassed $2.3 trillion in 2008, more than three times the $714 
        billion spent in 1990, and over eight times the $253 billion 
        spent in 1980.
            (3) It is estimated that health care costs for chronic 
        disease treatment account for over 75 percent of national 
        health expenditures.
            (4) The last major report from the World Health 
        Organization in March 2003 concluded diet was a major factor in 
        the cause of chronic diseases.
            (5) Seven out of 10 deaths among Americans each year are 
        from chronic diseases. Heart disease, cancer, and stroke--each 
        of which has been strongly linked to dietary and lifestyle 
        choices--account for more than 50 percent of all deaths each 
        year.
            (6) About 81.1 million people in the United States have at 
        least one form of cardiovascular disease. Approximately 2,300 
        Americans die every day from cardiovascular disease. In 2010, 
        cardiovascular disease cost American taxpayers $189.4 billion. 
        The American Heart Association estimates that, by 2030, direct 
        costs related to cardiovascular disease will triple to around 
        $818 billion. Research has shown that following a healthful 
        diet can not only reduce symptoms related to heart disease but 
        also reverse the damage done to the arteries.
            (7) Two-thirds of the American population is currently 
        overweight, half of whom are obese. One in three children is 
        now overweight, and one-fifth of children are obese. In 2008, 
        the United States spent $190 billion on obesity-related health 
        care costs.
            (8) An estimated 25.8 million Americans have diabetes. 
        Another 79 million adults have prediabetes. The Centers for 
        Disease Control and Prevention predict that one in three 
        children born in 2000 will develop diabetes at some point in 
        their lives. Diabetes cost the government $116 billion in 2007. 
        Research has shown that nutrition therapy is a key component of 
        diabetes management and can improve clinical outcomes.
            (9) Cancer kills approximately 570,000 Americans each year, 
        accounting for one in every four deaths. More than 1.5 million 
        new cancer cases are diagnosed annually. In 2010, the direct 
        costs of cancer were $102.8 billion and that number is expected 
        to rise to $172 billion by 2020. More than 33 percent of 
        cancers are diet related and could be prevented with a 
        healthful diet.
            (10) Eating is a complex social phenomenon influenced by 
        family, social networks, culture, socioeconomic and educational 
        status. An interprofessional approach to nutrition education 
        for clinicians may not necessarily overcome these forces but 
        may help the health professions team, including physicians and 
        non-physicians, identify effective strategies for nutrition 
        counseling and management.
            (11) Physicians are an important source of information and 
        motivation for patients' health behavior. Multiple studies have 
        shown that physician counseling on weight loss increases the 
        likelihood that patients will attempt weight loss, increase 
        physical activity, improve diet, and lose weight.
            (12) Leading medical bodies recommend that physicians 
        address diet with overweight patients. Guidelines from leading 
        medical bodies such as the National Institutes of Health, the 
        American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, 
        and the Obesity Society recommend that physicians counsel 
        overweight and obese patients on the benefits of lifestyle 
        changes through lifestyle changes such as diet and physical 
        activity.

SEC. 3. GRANTS PROGRAM TO DEVELOP OR ENHANCE INTEGRATED NUTRITION 
              CURRICULA IN MEDICAL SCHOOLS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting 
through the Administrator of the Health Resources and Services 
Administration and in conjunction with the National Institutes of 
Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, shall establish a 
competitive grants program under which the Secretary may award grants 
to medical schools in the United States for the purpose described in 
subsection (b)(1).
    (b) Use of Grant Funds.--
            (1) In general.--A medical school receiving a grant under 
        this section shall use the grant to create new or expand 
        existing integrated nutrition and physical activity curriculum 
        described in paragraph (2) for the medical school.
            (2) Integrated nutrition curriculum.--For purposes of 
        paragraph (1), an integrated nutrition and physical activity 
        curriculum--
                    (A) shall be designed based on the best possible 
                evidence to improve communication and provider 
                preparedness in the prevention, management, and, as 
                possible, reversal of obesity, cardiovascular disease, 
                diabetes, and cancer; and
                    (B) shall, to the greatest extent practicable, 
                address such additional topics, including nutrition 
                across the life cycle of individuals who are members of 
                at-risk populations, physical activity training and 
                programs for such individuals, food insecurity among 
                such individuals, and malnutrition among such 
                individuals.
    (c) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a grant under this 
section, an eligible entity shall--
            (1) be a medical school in the United States that is 
        accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education and 
        Residency Program Accreditation Council for Graduate Education 
        or by the American Osteopathic Association Commission on 
        Osteopathic College Accreditation; and
            (2) submit an application to the Secretary, in accordance 
        with such time, form, and manner and containing such 
        information as specified by the Secretary, including--
                    (A) a description of how the medical school intends 
                to implement the integrated nutrition and physical 
                activity curriculum described in subsection (b)(2); and
                    (B) a description of benchmarks to measure the 
                success of the implementation of such curriculum.
    (d) Administrative Provisions.--
            (1) Duration of program.--A grant awarded to a medical 
        school under this section shall be for a three-year period, 
        beginning on the date of the establishment of the grants 
        program under subsection (a).
            (2) Limitations.--
                    (A) Grant amounts.--A grant awarded to a medical 
                school under this section may not exceed $500,000.
                    (B) One grant per school.--A medical school shall 
                not be eligible for more than one grant under this 
                section and may not renew such a grant.
            (3) Priority.--In awarding grants, the Secretary shall give 
        priority to medical schools--
                    (A) that submit applications under subsection 
                (c)(1) that describe an integrated nutrition and 
                physical activity curriculum that will be implemented 
                through the use of such a grant--
                            (i) that is coordinated with a residency 
                        program; or
                            (ii) provides that students of such school 
                        should receive at least 25 hours of nutrition 
                        education; or
                    (B) that, for purposes of carrying out such 
                curriculum through the use of such a grant, partner 
                with education programs for both physicians and non-
                physician health professionals.
    (e) Reports.--
            (1) Periodic reports during grants program.--
                    (A) In general.--For each school year ending during 
                the duration of the grants program under this section, 
                the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the 
                grants program.
                    (B) Report elements.--Each such report shall 
                include--
                            (i) the findings and conclusions of the 
                        Secretary with respect to the integration of 
                        nutrition and physical activity curriculum into 
                        the curriculum of the medical schools receiving 
                        a grant under the grants program;
                            (ii) an assessment of the benefits of the 
                        grants program for--
                                    (I) establishing best practices for 
                                providers to advise patients in the 
                                clinical setting;
                                    (II) providing greater nutrition 
                                and physical activity awareness to 
                                physicians and other health 
                                professionals and patients of such 
                                physicians and professionals; and
                                    (III) improving healthfulness of 
                                patients' diets and improving patient 
                                health outcomes; and
                            (iii) suggestions on how to promote the 
                        integration of nutrition curriculum in medical 
                        schools around the United States.
            (2) Final report.--Not later than 180 days after the last 
        day of the grants program under this section, the Secretary 
        shall submit to Congress a report detailing the recommendations 
        of the Secretary as to any benefits or barriers of integrating 
        nutrition and physical activity curriculum at both the medical 
        school and residency levels.
    (f) Funding.--No additional funds are authorized to carry out the 
requirements of this section. The Secretary shall carry out such 
requirements by using, from amounts otherwise authorized or 
appropriated, up to $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2016 through 
2018.
answer:

Expanding Nutrition's Role in Curricula and Healthcare Act or the ENRICH Act This bill requires the Health Resources and Services Administration to establish a program of three-year competitive grants to accredited medical schools for the development or expansion of an integrated nutrition and physical activity curriculum. The curriculum must: (1) be designed to improve communication and provider preparedness in the prevention, management, and reversal of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer; and (2) address additional topics regarding individuals in at-risk populations, as practicable, including physical activity and training programs, food insecurity, and malnutrition.