In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Example Input: intent and the public authority defense at a new trial, it should also provide an appropriate instruction articulating that reliance on the apparent authority of a government official is not a viable defense. 7 . In light of our conclusion that the district court properly granted a new trial, we need address only one additional issue on appeal. Michael contends that his indictment was defective because it failed to provide him with proper notice of the three drug-related violations underlying the continuing criminal enterprise count. His argument is without merit, however, because the CCE count in the indictment expressly incorporated by reference the predicate drug violations upon which the jury relied in convicting Michael. See United States v. Tipton, 90 F.3d 861, 863 (4th Cir.1996) 
 Holding statements: (A) recognizing that a court is permitted to rely on documents incorporated into the complaint by reference and matters of which a court may take judicial notice (B) holding that reference to ordinance is not improper reference to an external document because injunction sufficiently describes the act sought to be enjoined and reference to the ordinance as stated in the injunction is merely to give further notice as to the enjoined conduct but the reference was unnecessary to give the appellants sufficient notice of that conduct (C) holding that an indictment which incorporated by reference the predicate drugrelated violations was sufficient to provide adequate notice for a cce count (D) holding that a single implicit reference to the email in which the complaint makes no explicit reference to nor does it quote at all from is insufficient to establish that the email was incorporated by reference into the complaint (E) holding that an indictment gave sufficient notice when the indictment charged the elements of the offense
Example Output: (C)

Example Input: unconstitutionally forecloses meaningful access to our state courts by not providing for de novo review by a district court following an adverse arbitration award. The right of access to the courts is one aspect of the right to petition the government for redress of grievances, as guaranteed by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and also is protected by the provisions protecting due process of law, as set out in the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and in Article II, Section 18, of the New Mexico Constitution. Richardson v. Carnegie Library Restaurant, Inc., 107 N.M. 688, 696, 763 P.2d 1153, 1161 (1988); Jiron v. Mahlab, 99 N.M. 425, 426, 659 P.2d 311, 312 (1983); see also Boddie v. Connecticut, 401 U.S. 371, 378, 91 S.Ct. 780, 786, 28 L.Ed.2d 113 (1971) (<HOLDING>) (quoting Armstrong v. Manzo, 380 U.S. 545, 
 Holding statements: (A) recognizing fundamental fairness requires criminal defendants be granted a meaningful opportunity to present a complete defense (B) holding that due process requires at a minimum an opportunity to be heard at a meaningful time and in a meaningful manner (C) holding that the constitution guarantees criminal defendants a meaningful opportunity to present a complete defense  (D) holding that due process requires a hearing appropriate to the nature of the case (E) holding that constitution requires  an opportunity  granted at a meaningful time and a meaningful manner  for a hearing appropriate to the nature of the case
Example Output: (E)

Example Input: or to correct a deficiency — and appeals the deficiency — is no different than the remedy the Secretary ordinarily would impose in the first instance.” Id. Finally, while the Secretary conceded that a home’s deficiencies are posted on the Internet, she also noted that a home can post a reply. Id. In sum, the Court concluded that the statutes that ere- ate the special review channel adequately protect the rights of the nursing homes. Here, of course, the County has sued DHS, not the Secretary of DHHS. But this makes no difference. DHS is standing in the shoes of DHHS. DHS is acting on behalf of, and pursuant to its contract with, the federal agency. See Nursing Inn of Menlo Park v. California Dept. of Health Services, No. C 02-1675, 2003 WL 1872961, *4 (N.D.Cal. April 7, 2003) (<HOLDING>). If nursing homes may not bring actions for 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that state judges were not necessary parties to action challenging constitutionality of state laws relating to detention of juveniles (B) holding that state agency that performs surveys of nursing homes under contract with dhhs not a proper party to action challenging constitutionality of dhhs regulations (C) holding that agency regulations cannot be applied retroactively unless congress has so authorized the administrative agency and the language of the regulations require it (D) holding that material prejudice was not present under the facts however an agency of the state was not a party to the action (E) holding that agency is bound by its regulations
Example Output:
(B)