In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Ex Input:
Context: To detect the resistin expression of white adipose tissue in diet-induced obese (DIO) versus diet-resistant (DR) rats, and to investigate the relationship of mutated resistin and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation.', 'RT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect gene /protein expression. 3T3-L1 cells were cultured, transfected, and induced to differentiation using 0.5 mmol/L 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (MIX), 1 mg/L insulin, and 1 micromol/L dexamethasone. Oil red O staining was applied to detect the degree of preadipocytes differentiation.', 'Expression of resistin mRNA was upregulated in DIO rats and downregulated in DR rats. However, the expression levels varied greatly within the groups. Sequencing of the resistin genes from DIO and DR rats revealed a Leu9Val (C25G) missense mutation within the signal peptide in one DR rat. The mutant resistin inhibited preadipocyte differentiation. Local experiments and Western blotting with tagged resistin fusion proteins identified both mutant and wild type proteins in the cytoplasm and secreted into the culture medium. Computer predictions using the Proscan and Subloc programs revealed four putative phosphorylation sites and a possible leucine zipper motif within the rat resistin protein.\Question: Does a mutation in signal peptide of rat resistin gene inhibit differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes?

Ex Output:
Resistin-increased differentiation may be inhibited by the mutation-containing precursor protein, or by the mutant non-secretory resistin isoform.


Ex Input:
Context: The PINK1-Parkin pathway is known to play important roles in regulating mitochondria dynamics, motility, and quality control. Activation of this pathway can be triggered by a variety of cellular stress signals that cause mitochondrial damage. How this pathway senses different levels of mitochondrial damage and mediates cell fate decisions accordingly is incompletely understood.', 'Here, we present evidence that PINK1-Parkin has both cytoprotective and proapoptotic functions. PINK1-Parkin operates as a molecular switch to dictate cell fate decisions in response to different cellular stressors. Cells exposed to severe and irreparable mitochondrial damage agents such as valinomycin can undergo PINK1-Parkin-dependent apoptosis. The proapoptotic response elicited by valinomycin is associated with the degradation of Mcl-1. PINK1 directly phosphorylates Parkin at Ser65 of its Ubl domain and triggers activation of its E3 ligase activity through an autocatalytic mechanism that amplifies its E3 ligase activity toward Mcl-1.\Question: Does pINK1 trigger autocatalytic activation of Parkin to specify cell fate decisions?

Ex Output:
Autocatalytic activation of Parkin bolsters its accumulation on mitochondria and apoptotic response to valinomycin. Our results suggest that PINK1-Parkin constitutes a damage-gated molecular switch that governs cellular-context-specific cell fate decisions in response to variable stress stimuli.


Ex Input:
Context: To determine the prognostic role of co-morbidity in medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).', "Between 2000 and 2007, 88 consecutive early-stage medically inoperable NSCLC patients were treated by linac-based SBRT. The dose was either 45 Gy or 67.5 Gy in three fractions prescribed to the isocenter. Baseline co-morbidities were retrospectively retrieved by consultation of a formal electronic registry of diagnoses as well as patients' charts. The age-adjusted Charlson Co-morbidity Index (CCI) was scored for each patient and subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis.", 'With a median follow-up of 44 months, the actuarial local control rate at 4 years was 89% while the median overall survival was 22 months. The median age-adjusted CCI score was 5. The age-adjusted CCI was a significant predictor of overall survival on both univariate (p=0.002) and multivariate analysis (p=0.011). Patients with an age-adjusted CCI score of 3 or less had a median survival of 41 months versus only 11 months for those scoring 6 or more.\Question: Does co-morbidity index predict for mortality after stereotactic body radiotherapy for medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer?

Ex Output:

The number and seriousness of co-morbidities predict overall survival in medically inoperable early-stage NSCLC treated with SBRT. Because the determination of medical operability is frequently based on both objective measures and subjective clinical judgment, it is recommended that co-morbidity be formally indexed in all studies examining the outcomes of SBRT.