We would like you to assess the QUALITY of each of the following argument (discussing Death Penalty) and determine if the argument is Valid or Invalid. A valid argument is clearly interpretable and either expresses an argument, or a premise or a conclusion that can be used in an argument for the topic of death penalty. An invalid argument is a phrase that cannot be interpreted as an argument or not on the topic of death penalty.

Input: Consider Input: Prior to the A-bombs, Japanese citizens began preparing for a massive Allied invasion.

Output: Invalid


Input: Consider Input: Hell, he might even be the one raping people in prison.

Output: Invalid


Input: Consider Input: The most comprehensive death penalty study in the country found that the death penalty costs North Carolina $2.16 million more per execution than the a non-death penalty murder case with a sentence of life imprisonment (Duke University, May 1993).


Output: Valid