Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: Visceral obesity is shown to be a predictor of morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the association of measurements of generalized adiposity and visceral fat area (VFA), with abnormalities of metabolic syndrome (MS).', 'Seventy-six women (47.9 +/- 9.2 years) with BMI of 38.7 +/- 5.4 kg/m(2) underwent anthropometric measurements, laboratory procedures, bioeletrical impedance, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. Diagnosis of MS was based on the presence of abdominal obesity and at least two of the following components: hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance and/or hyperinsulinemia.', 'BMI was correlated with both components of adipose tissue--subcutaneous (r = 0.66, P < 0.01) and VFA (r = 0.33, P < 0.02)--and leptin levels (r = 0.38, P < 0.01). In contrast, VFA was correlated with 2-h glucose and insulin levels (r = 0.32 and 0.35, P < 0.05, respectively), triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and uric acid (r = 0.33, -0.34 and 0.24, P < 0.05, respectively). Subjects with high VFA, matched for BMI, showed greater plasma glucose area under the curve (621 +/- 127 vs. 558 +/- 129 mg x h(-1) x dl(-1), P < 0.05), 2-h insulin (804 +/- 599 vs. 579 +/- 347 pmol/l, P < 0.05), and uric acid levels (0.33 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.06 mmol/l, P < 0.05) than subjects with low VFA. In logistic regression analysis, waist circumference, VFA, and 2-h insulin were identified as independent predictors of MS. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis pointed out the values of 104 cm for waist circumference (58.1% specificity, 84.1% sensitivity), 158.5 cm(2) for VFA (78.1% specificity, 52.3% sensitivity), and 559.8 pmol/l for 2-h insulin (71.9% specificity, 69.8% sensitivity); the presence of at least two of the three variables resulted in a degree of concordance of 76%.
Answer: While BMI was unable to differentiate between obese people and those at higher risk for MS, abdominal fat was shown to be associated with its metabolic abnormalities. The usefulness of abdominal fat in the identification of high-risk subjects may be improved when combined with 2-h insulin determination.
[A]: Does two-hour insulin determination improve the ability of abdominal fat measurement to identify risk for the metabolic syndrome?


[Q]: Context: Women with a family history of breast cancer face considerable uncertainty about whether to pursue standard screening, intensive screening, or prophylactic surgery. Accurate and individualized risk-estimation approaches may help these women make more informed decisions. Although highly penetrant genetic variants have been associated with familial breast cancer (FBC) risk, many individuals do not carry these variants, and many carriers never develop breast cancer. Common risk variants have a relatively modest effect on risk and show limited potential for predicting FBC development. As an alternative, we hypothesized that additional genomic data types, such as gene-expression levels, which can reflect genetic and epigenetic variation, could contribute to classifying a person's risk status. Specifically, we aimed to identify common patterns in gene-expression levels across individuals who develop FBC.", 'We profiled peripheral blood mononuclear cells from women with a family history of breast cancer (with or without a germline BRCA1/2 variant) and from controls. We used the support vector machines algorithm to differentiate between patients who developed FBC and those who did not. Our study used two independent datasets, a training set of 124 women from Utah (USA) and an external validation (test) set from Ontario (Canada) of 73 women (197 total). We controlled for expression variation associated with clinical, demographic, and treatment variables as well as lymphocyte markers.', 'Our multigene biomarker provided accurate, individual-level estimates of FBC occurrence for the Utah cohort (AUC = 0.76 [0.67-84]) . Even at their lower confidence bounds, these accuracy estimates meet or exceed estimates from alternative approaches. Our Ontario cohort resulted in similarly high levels of accuracy (AUC = 0.73 [0.59-0.86]), thus providing external validation of our findings. Individuals deemed to have "high" risk by our model would have an estimated 2.4 times greater odds of developing familial breast cancer than individuals deemed to have "low" risk.
Answer: Together, these findings suggest that gene-expression levels in peripheral blood cells reflect genomic variation associated with breast cancer risk and that such data have potential to be used as a non-invasive biomarker for familial breast cancer risk.
[A]: Do gene-expression patterns in peripheral blood classify familial breast cancer susceptibility?


[Q]: Context: Activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators have been considered as major events of acute pancreatitis (AP). Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2), a member of the importin α family, reportedly modulates p65 subcellular localization.', 'This study aimed to investigate the expression and possible functions of KPNA2 in the AP cell and animal model, focusing on its association with NF-κB activation.', 'An AP cell model was established with the cerulein-stimulated AR42J and isolated rat pancreatic acinar cells. The AP rat model was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of cerulein. The secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and LDH was detected by ELISA kits and the production of NO using nitric oxide kit. Expression of KPNA2 was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. Expression levels of IKKα, phosphorylation of p65, and total p65 were detected by Western blot. Co-localization of KPNA2 with p65 was observed by immunofluorescence assay. To determine the biological functions of KPNA2 in cerulein-induced inflammatory response, RNA interference was employed to knockdown KPNA2 expression in AR42J and isolated pancreatic acini cells.', 'Cerulein stimulated KPNA2 expression and IL-6, TNF-α, NO, and LDH production in rat pancreatic acinar cells. Cerulein triggered the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit, indicating the NF-κB activation. The co-localization and nuclear accumulation of KPNA2 and p65 were detected in cerulein-treated cells. Knocking down KPNA2 hindered cerulein-induced nuclear transportation of p65 and alleviated the subsequent inflammatory response in rat pancreatic acinar cells. Additionally, KPNA2 expression was significantly up-regulated in cerulein-induced AP rat model.
Answer: KPNA2-facilitated p65 nuclear translocation promotes NF-κB activation and inflammation in acute pancreatitis.
[A]:
Does karyopherin Alpha 2 promote the Inflammatory Response in Rat Pancreatic Acinar Cells Via Facilitating NF-κB Activation?