instruction:
In this task, you're given a question, a context passage, and four options which are terms from the passage. After reading a passage, you will get a brief understanding of the terms. Your job is to determine by searching and reading further information of which term you can answer the question. Indicate your choice as 'a', 'b', 'c', or 'd'. If you think more than one option is plausible, choose the more probable option to help you answer the question.
question:
Question: In what city did the group of artists painting in Bamboccio's  manner operate? Passage:Pieter van Laer (1599 – c. 1642) was a Dutch Golden Age painter of genre scenes, active for over a decade in Rome, where his nickname was Il Bamboccio. Artists working in his style, who often painted just such scenes of everyday life as Pliny lists, became known as the Bamboccianti, painters in Bamboccio's manner. Peiraikos is often mentioned in the controversies over the Bamboccianti, for example by Salvator Rosa in his Satires, and later by the Dutch biographer of artists, Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten in his Inleyding tot de Hooge Schoole der Schilderkonst (Introduction to the Academy of Painting), Rotterdam 1678. As genre painting became an important element of Dutch Golden Age painting, Peiraikos was used to provide classical precedent for such work, in the relatively few discussions of the appropriateness of such art by Karel van Mander in his Schilder-boeck (1604) and Arnold Houbraken in his The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters (1718–1719). Having originally been often rather cheap, by the late 17th century the best Dutch genre scenes became sought after by collectors across Europe at very high prices, a development following Pliny's account of Peiraikos that was bemoaned by Lessing in his Laocoon (1763), mentioning Dutch painting specifically. 
 Links: a. The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters b. Salvator Rosa c. Bamboccianti d. Rotterdam
answer:
c


question:
Question: Did Blake or Philby defect first? Passage:In May 1986, Souther requested Soviet citizenship, aware that the investigation against him was progressing. In June, fearing imminent arrest, Souther defected to the Soviet Union by flying from the United States to Rome, where the Soviet intelligence services transferred him to Moscow. Initially, Soviet counterintelligence units were suspicious of Souther's defection and feared that he was a double agent for the CIA, but he was cleared shortly afterwards. On 2 October 1986, Souther was granted Soviet citizenship in a decree from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, and adopted the Russian name Mikhail Yevgenyevich Orlov. Souther was well-received by the Soviet authorities, gifting him an apartment in Moscow and a dacha on the outskirts of the city, and promoting him to the rank of major in the KGB – one of few foreign spies to be commissioned as an officer in the agency. Souther became actively engaged in scientific activities, developed his own English teaching program, walked around Moscow a lot, and travelled to other Soviet cities. Souther met and befriended other foreign Soviet intelligence agents that had defected including Kim Philby and George Blake. Souther married a Russian woman named Elena, an English teacher at the Intelligence Institute, and they had a daughter named Alexandra. In early 1989, Souther was awarded an Order of Friendship of Peoples for his contributions in the intelligence services following a petition from the KGB leadership.
 Links: a. George Blake b. George Blake c. Dacha d. Major
answer:
a


question:
Question: How old was the HMS Spartiate the year Hamond was promoted to rear admiral? Passage:Promoted to rear admiral on 27 May 1825, Hamond travelled in the third-rate HMS Spartiate on his new mission to deliver the treaty of separation between Brazil and Portugal to King John VI of Portugal. He inherited his father's baronetcy in September 1828. He was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 13 September 1831 and became Commander-in-Chief, South American Station, with his flag in the third-rate HMS Spartiate, in September 1834. Promoted to vice admiral on 10 January 1837 and to full admiral on 22 January 1847 he was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 5 July 1855. He was appointed Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom on 22 November 1860 and Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom on 5 June 1862 before being promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on 10 November 1862.
 Links: a. Spartiate b. Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom c. Pacific Station d. HMS Spartiate (1798)
answer:

a