Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
To describe the epidemiology of acute hand injuries and hand infections and to describe the factors associated with the transfer of these patients to a level 1 trauma center. In addition, we sought to understand management before transfer.', 'Retrospective review of patients with hand trauma or hand infection transferred to our level 1 trauma center from May 2009 to August 2011. We also identified hospitals with emergency departments (EDs) in our region and surveyed ED providers in these hospitals with regard to acute hand care.', 'A level 1 trauma center in the United States.', 'Four hundred sixty consecutive transfers for acute hand care.', 'The average patient age was 38. Most were male (84%), uninsured (51%), and from another county (59%). The average distance of transfer was 51 miles, and 80% were transferred by ground ambulance. The most common reasons for transfer were amputations (24%), infections (21%), lacerations (17%), and fractures/dislocations (16%). Of the 345 hospitals with an ED surveyed, 71% never had hand surgery coverage.

Ex Output:
Do lack of Acute Hand Care in the Southwest United States?


Ex Input:
Multiple rib fractures cause significant pain and potential for chest wall instability. Despite an emerging trend of surgical management of flail chest injuries, there are no studies examining the effect of rib fracture fixation on respiratory function.', 'Using a novel full thorax human cadaveric breathing model, we sought to explore the effect of flail chest injury and subsequent rib fracture fixation on respiratory outcomes.', 'We used five fresh human cadavers to generate negative breathing models in the left thorax to mimic physiologic respiration. Inspiratory volumes and peak flows were measured using a flow meter for all three chest wall states: intact chest, left-sided flail chest (segmental fractures of ribs 3 - 7), and post-fracture open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the chest wall with a pre-contoured rib specific plate fixation system.', 'A wide variation in the mean inspiratory volumes and peak flows were measured between specimens; however, the effect of a flail chest wall and the subsequent internal fixation of the unstable rib fractures was consistent across all samples. Compared to the intact chest wall, the inspiratory volume decreased by 40 ± 19% in the flail chest model (P = 0.04). Open reduction and internal fixation of the flail chest returned the inspiratory volume to 130 ± 71% of the intact chest volumes (P = 0.68). A similar 35 ± 19% decrease in peak flows was seen in the flail chest (P = 0.007) and this returned to 125 ± 71% of the intact chest following ORIF (P = 0.62).

Ex Output:
Does rib Fracture Fixation restore Inspiratory Volume and Peak Flow in a Full Thorax Human Cadaveric Breathing Model?


Ex Input:
Temporo-parietal theta activity (TPTA), often detected in hemispheres with internal carotid (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusive lesions, is more clearly separated from occipital alpha activity by magnetoencephalography (MEG) than electroencephalography. The present study investigated whether TPTA is correlated with misery perfusion, a surgically correctable type of hemodynamic impairment.', 'Awake MEG was measured in 56 patients with ICA or MCA occlusive lesions. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional cerebrovascular reactivity (rCVR) to acetazolamide were measured in the MCA territory by xenon-133 single-photon emission computed tomography. MEG was repeated in 10 patients after vascular reconstruction surgery.', 'Fourteen patients showed TPTA in the lesion hemisphere (n=13) or bilaterally (n=1). The presence of TPTA was significantly correlated with both reduced rCBF and reduced rCVR (P=0.0009). After surgery, TPTA disappeared in 7 of the 10 studied patients.

Ex Output:

Does temporo-parietal theta activity correlate with misery perfusion in arterial occlusive disease?