instruction:
In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question separated with a 
. You have to answer the question based on the context.
question:
We notice that the concatenation consistently outperforms the gated-attention mechanism for both training and testing instructions. We suspect that the gated-attention is useful in the scenarios where objects are described in terms of multiple attributes, but it has no to harming effect when it comes to the order connectors. 
 Question: Why they conclude that the usage of Gated-Attention provides no competitive advantage against concatenation in this setting?
answer:
concatenation consistently outperforms the gated-attention mechanism for both training and testing instructions


question:
In this paper, we first highlight the importance of TV and radio broadcast as a source of data for ASR, and the potential impact it can have. We then perform a statistical analysis of gender representation in a data set composed of four state-of-the-art corpora of French broadcast, widely used within the speech community. Finally we question the impact of such a representation on the systems developed on this data, through the perspective of an ASR system. 
 Question: What tasks did they use to evaluate performance for male and female speakers?
answer:
ASR


question:
By choosing English (En) as the pivot language, we perform pivot alignments for identical English segments on Europarl Fr-En and En-De parallel corpora BIBREF18 , constructing a multi-parallel corpus of Fr-En-De. Then each of the Fr*-De and Fr-De* pseudo parallel corpora is established from the multi-parallel data by applying the pivot language-based translation described in the previous section. 
 Question: How do they align the synthetic data?
answer:

By choosing English (En) as the pivot language, we perform pivot alignments for identical English segments on Europarl Fr-En and En-De parallel corpora BIBREF18 , constructing a multi-parallel corpus of Fr-En-De. Then each of the Fr*-De and Fr-De* pseudo parallel corpora is established from the multi-parallel data by applying the pivot language-based translation described in the previous section.