Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: A recent (123)I-FP-CIT ((123)-I-N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane) SPECT study on rats suggested that a single 1 mg/kg dose of the antipsychotic haloperidol induces enough dopamine release to compete with (123)I-FP-CIT for binding to the dopamine transporter. Taking into account the far-reaching consequences of this proposition, we were interested in testing whether we could reproduce this finding using storage phosphor imaging.', 'Twenty rats were pretreated with saline or haloperidol (1 mg/kg of body weight) and then injected with (123)I-FP-CIT. Two hours after (123)I-FP-CIT injection, the rats were sacrificed and binding in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and cerebellum (nonspecific binding) was measured.', 'In contrast to the earlier SPECT finding, acute administration of haloperidol did not induce a significant change in (123)I-FP-CIT binding ratios in the striatum and nucleus accumbens.

Output: 0


Input: Consider Input: Anemia of chronic disease, a cytokine-mediated anemia, is a frequent complication of many chronic inflammatory conditions. The present case-control study was aimed to evaluate levels of systemic hematological markers indicative of anemia in patients with generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis.', 'A convenience quota sample of 30 systemically-healthy, urban, male patients comprised two groups, based on full mouth periodontal examination: group A patients (n=15) were diagnosed with generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis, and group B patients comprised the control group (n=15), which included patients with a clinically-healthy periodontium. Laboratory blood investigations included hemoglobin (g%), total number of erythrocytes (red blood cells), hematocrit/packed cell volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. An analysis of covariance using age as a covariate was done to compare the mean values of hematological parameters within groups.', 'The mean values of hemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly lower, while the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly higher in group A patients compared to those in group B, indicating mild anemia.

Output: 1


Input: Consider Input: Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by sinonasal epithelial cells as part of the innate immune response against bacteria. We previously described bitter-taste-receptor-dependent and -independent NO responses to product(s) secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. We hypothesized that sinonasal epithelium would be able to detect the gram-positive, coagulase-negative bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and mount a similar NO response.', 'Sinonasal air-liquid interface cultures were treated with conditioned medium (CM) from lab strains and clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci and S aureus. NO production was quantified by fluorescence imaging. Bitter taste receptor signaling inhibitors were utilized to characterize the pathway responsible for NO production in response to S epidermidis CM.', 'S epidermidis CM contains a low-molecular-weight, heat, and protease-stabile product that induces an NO synthase (NOS)-mediated NO production that is less robust than the response triggered by S aureus CM. The S epidermidis CM-stimulated NO response is not inhibited by antagonists of phospholipase C isoform β-2 nor the transient receptor potential melastatin isoform 5 ion channel, both critical to bitter taste signaling.


Output: 0