In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words.

In many domains it is desirable to assess the pref­ erences of users in a qualitative rather than quan­ titative way. Such representations of qualitative preference orderings form an important compo­ nent of automated decision tools. We propose a graphical representation of preferences that re­ flects conditional dependence and independence of preference statements under a ceteris paribus (all else being equal) interpretation. Such a rep­ resentation is often compact and arguably natural. We describe several search algorithms for domi­ nance testing based on this representation; these algorithms are quite effective, especially in spe­ cific network topologies, such as chainand tree­ structured networks, as well as polytrees.
Reasoning With Conditional Ceteris Paribus Preference Statements

Well-established automatic analyses of texts mainly consider frequencies of linguistic units, e.g. letters, words and bigrams, while methods based on cooccurrence networks consider the structure of texts regardless of the nodes label (i.e. the words semantics). In this paper, we reconcile these distinct viewpoints by introducing a generalized similarity measure to compare texts which accounts for both the network structure of texts and the role of individual words in the networks. We use the similarity measure for authorship attribution of three collections of books, each composed of 8 authors and 10 books per author. High accuracy rates were obtained with typical values from 90% to 98.75%, much higher than with the traditional the TF-IDF approach for the same collections. These accuracies are also higher than taking only the topology of networks into account. We conclude that the different properties of specific words on the macroscopic scale structure of a whole text are as relevant as their frequency of appearance; conversely, considering the identity of nodes brings further knowledge about a piece of text represented as a network.
On the role of words in the network structure of texts: application to authorship attribution

Deep learning tools have recently gained much attention in applied machine learning. However such tools for regression and classification do not allow us to capture model uncertainty. Bayesian models offer us the ability to reason about model uncertainty, but usually come with a prohibitive computational cost. We show that dropout in multilayer perceptron models (MLPs) can be interpreted as a Bayesian approximation. Results are obtained for modelling uncertainty for dropout MLP models – extracting information that has been thrown away so far, from existing models. This mitigates the problem of representing uncertainty in deep learning without sacrificing computational performance or test accuracy. We perform an exploratory study of the dropout uncertainty properties. Various network architectures and non-linearities are assessed on tasks of extrapolation, interpolation, and classification. We show that model uncertainty is important for classification tasks using MNIST as an example, and use the model’s uncertainty in a Bayesian pipeline, with deep reinforcement learning as a concrete example.

Dropout as a Bayesian Approximation: Representing Model Uncertainty in Deep Learning