TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: It holds only when the molecular attraction between different components is equal to the attraction of any one component in its pure state. Dealing primarily with changes in colligative properties, it allows for the calculation of molecular weights of dissolved substances and leads to the definition of a solution as ideal. FTP, identify this law that relates the vapor pressure and mole fraction of a solution, a law named for its French discoverer.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: One character in this novel, Adele Ratignolle, urges the protagonist to care for her children above all else. Another character in this novel, the piano playing Mademoiselle Reitz helps the protagonist sort of her feelings for another character, who has left Grand Isle for Mexico. Despite being married to her husband Leonce, the protagonist of this novel develops romantic feelings for Alcee Arobin and Robert Lebrun before drowning herself by walking into the Gulf of Mexico. For 10 points, identify this novel about Edna Pontellier by Kate Chopin.

SOLUTION: Literature

PROBLEM: After he deposed Nabonidus, praise of this man was inscribed on his namesake cylinder. Herodotus claims this man was killed by the warrior queen of the Massagetae, and his tomb is located at Pasargadae, his capital. At one point he was attacked by the famously wealthy King Croesus. He maintained a postal system of runners along his Royal Road, and established an elite unit of ten thousand Immortals. He also conquered Medea and Lydia, forming much of an empire that would later be conquered by Alexander the Great. For 10 points, name this ruler who ended the Babylonian Captivity and founded the Achaemenid ("a-kai-men-id") Empire.

SOLUTION:
History