Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: Women with a family history of breast cancer face considerable uncertainty about whether to pursue standard screening, intensive screening, or prophylactic surgery. Accurate and individualized risk-estimation approaches may help these women make more informed decisions. Although highly penetrant genetic variants have been associated with familial breast cancer (FBC) risk, many individuals do not carry these variants, and many carriers never develop breast cancer. Common risk variants have a relatively modest effect on risk and show limited potential for predicting FBC development. As an alternative, we hypothesized that additional genomic data types, such as gene-expression levels, which can reflect genetic and epigenetic variation, could contribute to classifying a person's risk status. Specifically, we aimed to identify common patterns in gene-expression levels across individuals who develop FBC.", 'We profiled peripheral blood mononuclear cells from women with a family history of breast cancer (with or without a germline BRCA1/2 variant) and from controls. We used the support vector machines algorithm to differentiate between patients who developed FBC and those who did not. Our study used two independent datasets, a training set of 124 women from Utah (USA) and an external validation (test) set from Ontario (Canada) of 73 women (197 total). We controlled for expression variation associated with clinical, demographic, and treatment variables as well as lymphocyte markers.', 'Our multigene biomarker provided accurate, individual-level estimates of FBC occurrence for the Utah cohort (AUC = 0.76 [0.67-84]) . Even at their lower confidence bounds, these accuracy estimates meet or exceed estimates from alternative approaches. Our Ontario cohort resulted in similarly high levels of accuracy (AUC = 0.73 [0.59-0.86]), thus providing external validation of our findings. Individuals deemed to have "high" risk by our model would have an estimated 2.4 times greater odds of developing familial breast cancer than individuals deemed to have "low" risk.
Answer: Together, these findings suggest that gene-expression levels in peripheral blood cells reflect genomic variation associated with breast cancer risk and that such data have potential to be used as a non-invasive biomarker for familial breast cancer risk.
[A]: Do gene-expression patterns in peripheral blood classify familial breast cancer susceptibility?


[Q]: Context: Pain intensity attenuates muscular activity, proprioception, and tactile acuity, with consequent changes of joint kinematics. People suffering from low back pain (LBP) frequently show movement control impairments of the lumbar spine in sagittal plane. This cross-sectional, observational study investigated if the intensity of LBP attenuates lumbar movement control. The hypothesis was that lumbar movement control becomes more limited with increased pain intensity.', 'The effect of LBP intensity, measured with a numeric rating scale (NRS), on lumbar movement control was tested using three movement control tests. The lumbar range of motion (ROM), the ratio of lumbar and hip ROM as indicators of direction specific movement control, and the recurrence and determinism of repetitive lumbar movement patterns were assessed in ninety-four persons suffering from LBP of different intensity and measured with an inertial measurement unit system. Generalized linear models were fitted for each outcome.', 'Lumbar ROM (+ 0.03°, p = 0.24) and ratio of lumbar and hip ROM (0.01, p = 0.84) were unaffected by LBP intensity. Each one point increase on the NRS resulted in a decrease of recurrence and determinism of lumbar movement patterns (-3.11 to -0.06, p ⩽ 0.05).
Answer: Our results indicate changes in movement control in people suffering from LBP. Whether decreased recurrence and determinism of lumbar movement patterns are intensifiers of LBP intensity or a consequence thereof should be addressed in a future prospective study.
[A]: Does pain intensity attenuate movement control of the lumbar spine in low back pain?


[Q]: Context: Oxidative stress is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, little is known about the relationship between serum markers of oxidation and electrical activity in patients with AF.', 'The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association between serum markers of reactive oxidative metabolism and atrial remodeling in paroxysmal and persistent AF.', 'Derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites (DROM), an index of oxidative stress, were measured in 306 consecutive patients with AF (225 paroxysmal, 81 persistent) undergoing radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation. Filtered P-wave duration by P-wave signal-averaged ECG and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) as an inflammatory marker also were measured.', 'Patients were followed up for 1.2 +/- 0.8 years. DROM levels in patients with persistent AF were significantly higher than in patients with paroxysmal AF (341.6 +/- 85.5 Carratelli [Carr] units vs 305.0 +/- 77.7 Carr units, P <.001). DROM levels showed a tighter, positive correlation with filtered P-wave duration in persistent AF patients (r = 0.56, P <.001) than in all AF patients (r = 0.13, P <.05). DROM levels also showed a weaker but significant correlation with high-sensitivity CRP in patients with AF. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the highest quartile of basal DROM levels exhibited a significantly higher AF recurrence rate after RF catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal AF (P <.01).
Answer: Serum markers of oxidative stress reflect atrial conduction disturbance and predict AF recurrence after RF catheter ablation in paroxysmal AF patients. DROM could serve as a biomarker for predicting risk of AF recurrence after RF catheter ablation.
[A]:
Are reactive oxidative metabolites associated with atrial conduction disturbance in patients with atrial fibrillation?