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[Q]: Supporters of the Syrian regime rejected any link to a chemical weapons strike. They claimed the reports were fabricated by terrorist groups in Idlib and suggested the fatalities were the result of an explosion at a supposed al-Qaeda chemical weapons factory. Russian authorities  whose warplanes are flying in support of the regime  said they had not conducted a strike in the area around the town. But the broader international reaction was vehement â and put the blame squarely on  Syrian President Bashar al-Assad .
Such strikes are a regime tactic to further demoralize the flagging rebellion. " Assad  calculates  reasonably  that military dynamics play in  his  favor. By using chemical weapons and other weapons   he  is demonstrating the powerlessness of international actors " Emile Hokayem  a Middle East analyst at the International Institute for Strategic Studies  told The Washington Post.
"Today's chemical attack in Syria against innocent people  including women and children  is reprehensible and cannot be ignored by the civilized world " said White House press secretary Sean Spicer. "These heinous actions by the Bashar al-Assad regime are a consequence of the past administration's weakness and irresolution."
It's seemingly a bizarre line of attack for the Trump administration to choose. In 2013  the Obama administration contemplated a military response after a suspected regime chemical weapons attack on rebel-held districts in the suburbs of Damascus killed more than 1 000 people. The mounting international pressure at the time compelled  Assad  to agree to eliminate its chemical weapons program.
The fact that Obama chose to back off from confronting the  Assad  regime  which allegedly used chemical weapons numerous times in the years since  will forever haunt the former president's legacy. Much of the Washington foreign policy establishment has excoriated him for it. But Trump in 2013 â then a private citizen with the same itchy Twitter finger â was opposed to American intervention in Syria.
The irony is that Trump's position on the Syrian conflict isn't that far removed from Obama's â although it's more conspicuous in its indifference to the plight of Syrian refugees. The previous administration called for  Assad 's departure  but it did little to actually push for regime change  fearing that any deeper involvement in the Syrian conflict would risk the sort of blowback and chaos that rocked Iraq after the 2003 U.S. invasion. Trump  meanwhile  has insisted on multiple occasions that he is not interested in nation-building in the Middle East or dictating regime change. His lieutenants indicated as recently as last week that the White House does not prioritize removing  Assad  from power.
[A]: A chemical weapons attack in Syria exposes Trumpâs Assad problem


[Q]: Itâs not as if fake news in America came into existence alongside the tide known as the Trump presidencyâthe hucksters  foreign propagandists  conspiracy theorists  and fabricators have always been hereâbut if ever there was a year when purposefully misleading or false stories hit their stride  2017 might have been it.  We  were told that an ISIS leader was captured at a US airport  and that Shariah law was instituted in Utah and other states. A study found that 25 million votes for Hillary Clinton were âcompletely fraudulent â and the Las Vegas massacre was carried out by antifa  or ISIS  or the Illuminati  or somehow all three. The lies went on and on  picking up where 2016âs catalogue of nonsense left off. (Remember Hillary Clintonâs child sex trafficking ring run out of a pizzeria  or Sarah Palin banning Muslims from âenteringâ her daughter? How about Alec Baldwin dying  and Trump winning the electoral vote and the popular vote?)
But now  we âre at the dawn of a fresh year  privy to the forces that seek to sow confusion and outrage. Can American society overcome the fake news phenomenon?
Wellâ¦ âThereâs probably a strong case to be made that  we  are chemically addicted to fake news â says  Amy Webb   an author and futurist who founded the Future Today Institute. âWhen youâre seeing your angers and fears and anxieties being validated externally  you get a shot of dopamine.â Thinking about the upcoming year and beyond   she  says   we  may have âa huge problem on  our  hands.â And though the propaganda is coming at  us  from all directionsâfrom Kremlin-backed misinformation campaigns and Twitter troll armies to publicity hounds and political malcontentsâfalling for it  and spreading it  is to some degree our own fault.
In the spring of 2017   Webb  wrote a piece for Mother Jones that detailed not only the manner of 21st-century fake news and the speed with which it travels  but also how we are all accomplices to its proliferation âas we click and repost without considering the storyâs source and its agenda.â  She  noted that the democratization of the internet back in the 1990s meant that âeveryone would get to participate regardless of their agendas.â Information became free and free-flowing. But  problematically  âwe didnât plan ahead as the internet matured â when consumers of information were left to contend with not only âhuman arbiters of factsâ but also code and algorithms that propel certain types of content to the fore  based on our own online behavior. Innocently sharing a cat video put out by Russia Today  a Kremlin-backed propaganda machine that elevates fringe âexpertsâ and attempts to sow distrust  means youâll see a lot more of their content in the future.
Complicating matters more is that in our politicized climate  the term fake news itself came to mean different things to different people. It had a literal meaning that  seemingly overnight  became a hashtag and an epithet to hurl at anything or anyone that one disagrees with. âIf we canât even come to some kind of convergence and talk about something as insidious and as threatening to our future as the spread of misinformationâotherwise known as fake news in the literal senseâthen donât we have sort of a catastrophically huge problem on our hands?â asks  Webb .
As someone who studies current and past trends to try to anticipate what the future may hold   Webb  likes to end these conversations with a reminder that  for however doomed things appear  âWe are not living in the middle of Westworldâthe future has not been preordained. There is something we can do in the year 2018 and beyond  and that is be smarter consumers of news.â
[A]: Can American Society Overcome the Fake News Phenomenon? â Mother Jones


[Q]: Security forces also have struck back with targeted arrests of pro-reform activists and blocks on text messaging and pro-Mousavi Web sites used to rally his supporters.
 A top Mousavi aide  Ali Reza Adeli  told The Associated Press that a rally planned for later Monday was delayed. Iran's Interior Ministry rejected a request from Mousavi to hold the rally and warned any defiance would be "illegal " state radio said.
 But one of Mousavi's Web sites still accessible in Iran said Mousavi and another candidate  Mahdi Karroubi  planned to walk through Tehran streets to appeal for calm. A third candidate  the conservative Mohsen Rezaei  has also alleged irregularities in the voting.
 State TV quoted Khamenei urging Mousavi to try to keep the violence from escalating and saying "it is necessary that activities are done with dignity."
 "I want to stay because they beat us and we won't retreat " he added.
[A]:
Iran supreme leader orders probe of vote fraud