In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

The differential of this quantity, which is given in general by minus Boltzmanns constant times the thermodynamic temperature times the natural logarithm of the partition function, is non-positive for isothermal, isometric processes, so it is minimized for equilibria in constant-temperature, constant-volume systems. It gives the available useful energy from a closed system, so it is usually symbolized A from the German for work. The p-V Legendre transform of a similar quantity named for Gibbs, it is given by the internal energy minus the absolute temperature times the entropy. For 10 points, name this thermochemical quantity, a thermodynamic potential named for a German physicist.
Science

One of his attendants was represented by an oxen, and another was the god of water, and represented by a snake. Vohu Manah and Haurvatat, together with Asha, Kshathra, Armaiti, and Ameretat, were called the Amesha Spentas, who opposed the Daevas. His father, Zurvan, was a deity of space, time, and fate, and his son, Atar, battled a dragon, Azhi Dahaka, that cut Zima in half with a saw. Called Ormazdh in the religion's contemporary form, it was Vohu Manah who appeared to a certain prophet near the Daitya River, invited him to come to heaven, and inspired him to compose the Gathas, part of the Avesta. FTP, name this god, the counterpart of Ahriman, the embodiment of good, and the supreme deity in Zoroastrianism.
Social Science

This man used his most famous theory to explain the Holocaust during WWII and the My Lai massacre during the Vietnam conflict. He purported this theory in such works as the article "Nationality and Conformity" and Perils of Obedience. He conducted his studies of conformity with Solomon Asch before conducting his most famous experiment, whose details he analyzed in 1974's Obedience to Authority. FTP, identify this Yale psychologist whose namesake experiment involved electrically shocking the crap out of some people.

Social Science