Translate the given Spanish text to English

Input: Consider Input: Rheumatoid arthritis is also characterized by joint inflammation.

Output: La artritis reumatoide tambien se caracteriza por inflamacion articular.


Input: Consider Input: Prototypes for generating directional and focused fields have been developed.

Output: Se han desarrollado prototipos para la generación de campos direccionales y focalizados.


Input: Consider Input: ; the ring A represents a carbon ring or a heterocycle; R1 represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, NR4R5, OR6, etc.


Output: ; el anillo A es un anillo carbociclico, un anillo heterociclico; R1 es alquilo, alquenilo, alquinilo, NR4R5, OR6, etc.