Given a context passage, generate a question from the passage such that its answer is shortest continous span from the passage.

[EX Q]: Restless legs syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by an urgency to move the legs during periods of rest. Data from a variety of sources provide a compelling argument that the amount of iron in the brain is lower in individuals with restless legs syndrome compared with neurologically normal individuals. Moreover, a significant percentage of patients with restless legs syndrome are responsive to intravenous iron therapy. The mechanism underlying the decreased iron concentrations in restless legs syndrome brains is unknown. We hypothesize that the source of the brain iron deficit is at the blood-brain interface. Thus we analysed the expression of iron management proteins in the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and the brain microvasculature in post-mortem tissues. The choroid plexus, obtained at autopsy, from 18 neurologically normal controls and 14 individuals who had primary restless legs syndrome was subjected to histochemical staining for iron and immunostaining for iron management proteins. Iron and heavy chain ferritin staining was reduced in the epithelial cells of choroid plexus in restless legs syndrome. Divalent metal transporter, ferroportin, transferrin and its receptor were upregulated in the choroid plexus in restless legs syndrome. Microvessels were isolated from the motor cortex of 11 restless legs syndrome and 14 control brains obtained at autopsy and quantitative immunoblot analyses was performed. Expression of heavy chain ferritin, transferrin and its receptor in the microvessels from restless legs syndrome was significantly decreased compared with the controls but divalent metal protein 1, ferroportin, prohepcidin, mitochondrial ferritin and light-chain ferritin remained unchanged. The presence of an iron regulatory protein was demonstrated in the brain microvasculature and the activity of this protein is decreased in restless legs syndrome; a finding similar to our earlier report in neuromelanin cells from the substantia nigra of restless legs syndrome brains. This study reveals that there are alterations in the iron management protein profile in restless legs syndrome compared with controls at the site of blood-brain interface suggesting fundamental differences in brain iron acquisition in individuals with restless legs syndrome. Furthermore, the decrease in transferrin receptor expression in the microvasculature in the presence of relative brain iron deficiency reported in restless legs syndrome brains may underlie the problems associated with brain iron acquisition in restless legs syndrome. The consistent finding of loss of iron regulatory protein activity in restless legs syndrome brain tissue further implicates this protein as a factor in the underlying cause of the iron deficiency in the restless legs syndrome brain. The data herein provide evidence for regulation of iron uptake and storage within brain microvessels that challenge the existing paradigm that the blood-brain barrier is merely a transport system.
[EX A]: Which deficiency is the cause of restless leg syndrome?

[EX Q]: Republican Coalition Party (in Estonian: Vabariiklaste Koonderakond) 22.09.1990 -- 21.11.1992 Leo Starkov Estonian Christian-Democratic Union (Eesti Kristlik-Demokraatlik Liit) 29.08.1989 -- 21.11.1992 Illar Hallaste Estonian Christian-Democratic Party (Eesti Kristlik-Demokraatlik Erakond) 23.07.1988 -- 21.11.1992 Aivar Kala Estonian Conservative People's Party (Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond) 09.06.1990 -- 21.11.1992 Enn Tarto Estonian National Independence Party (Eesti Rahvusliku Soltumatuse Partei) 20.08.1988 -- 18.07.1993 Lagle Parek 18.07.1993 -- 27.11.1993 Ants Erm 27.11.1993 -- 02.12.1995 Tunne-Valdo Kelam Estonian National Coalition Party 'Pro Patria' (Eesti Rahvuslik Koonderakond Isamaa) 21.11.1992 -- 02.12.1995 Mart Laar Estonian Pro Patria Union (Eesti Isamaaliit) 02.12.1995 -- 24.10.1998 Toivo Jurgenson 24.10.1998 -- 14.12.2002 Mart Laar 14.12.2002 -- 16.04.2005 Tunne-Valdo Kelam 16.04.2005 -- 04.06.2006 Tonis Lukas Res Publica Party (Erakond Res Publica) 08.12.2001 -- 24.08.2002 Rein Taagepera 24.08.2002 -- 04.06.2005 Juhan Parts 04.06.2005 -- 04.06.2006 Taavi Veskimagi Pro Patria and Res Publica Union (Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit) 04.06.2006 -- 26.05.2007 Taavi Veskimagi (Res Publica) / Tonis Lukas (Pro Patria) 26.05.2007 -- 28.01.2012 Mart Laar 28.01.2012 -- 06.06.2015 Urmas Reinsalu 06.06.2015 --
[EX A]: Who led Pro Patria and Res Publica Union?

[EX Q]: To evaluate the impact of a more limited paraurethral dissection, avoidance of perforating the obturator membrane with scissors or guide, and a more medial trajectory of the trocar in positioning the TVT-O device on stress urinary incontinence cure rates. One hundred and ten patients were recruited for this randomized, single blind, multicenter, non-inferiority study, with a 1:1 ratio to undergo the traditional (n=55) or the modified (n=55) technique. Preoperatively, patients underwent POP-Q staging, Q-tip test, challenge stress test and urodynamics, and completed the I-QoL, PISQ-12, and PGI-S questionnaires. During the post-operative period, patients attributed a pain VAS score 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24h after the procedure and were followed up at 12 months, undergoing the same baseline evaluations. The primary outcome was the cure rate (absence of urine leaks at the challenge stress test or urodynamic testing) one year after the procedure. The primary outcome was evaluated using a non-inferiority test. No differences were observed in cure rates (traditional technique 92.3% vs. modified technique 88.8% and non-inferiority P<0.05) and in questionnaire scores between the two groups. Post-operative pain was significantly lower in the modified technique group at each time point assessed, with the exception of 12h post-operatively. No differences between the two groups were observed in the number of analgesic vials administered. The modified technique does not seem to reduce the efficacy of TVT-O, but induces a reduction of post-operative pain.
[EX A]:
Which type of urinary incontinence is diagnosed with the Q tip test?