In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[EX Q]: Context: Increased expression of chemokine mRNA is observed in allogeneic but not syngeneic skin grafts 3-4 days after transplantation. The recipient cells mediating this early inflammatory response in allografts remain unidentified.', 'Isogeneic and allogeneic skin grafts were transplanted to euthymic and athymic nude mice. mRNA expression and protein production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, and the murine homolog of Gro(alpha), i.e. KC, from graft homogenates retrieved 3-4 days posttransplantation was tested by Northern blot hybridization and ELISA. To deplete NK cells, recipients were treated with antiasialo GM1 (ASGM1) antisera or with anti-NK1.1 mAb before transplantation.', 'Expression of KC, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta mRNA was equivalent in C57BL/6 allogeneic skin grafts and BALB/c isografts at day 2 posttransplant. At day 3 posttransplant, chemokine mRNA levels decreased in isografts but were maintained at high levels in the allografts. Increased early chemokine mRNA was also observed in C57BL/6, but not BALB/c++ grafts on BALB/c athymi(nu/nu) recipients. Treatment of allograft recipients with ASGM1 or with anti-NK1.1 antibody eliminated NK cells from the spleen and allograft infiltrating cell populations and decreased early chemokine mRNA levels in allografts 60-70%. Analyses of allograft homogenates indicated increased levels of KC, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta protein at day 4 posttransplant that were decreased in recipients depleted of NK cells. Early chemokine mRNA levels were equivalent in isogeneic and semiallogeneic F1 grafts.\Question: Is early increased chemokine expression and production in murine allogeneic skin grafts mediated by natural killer cells?
[EX A]: Early chemokine mRNA expression and protein production in allogeneic skin grafts is amplified by recipient natural killer (NK) cells. These results indicate a novel function for infiltrating NK cells in mediating early increased intra-allograft chemokine production and inflammation during the initiation of acute rejection.

[EX Q]: Context: To investigate the independent relationship of individual- and area-level socio-economic status (SES) with the presence and severity of visual impairment (VI) in an Asian population.', 'Cross-sectional data from 9993 Chinese, Malay and Indian adults aged 40-80 years who participated in the Singapore Epidemiology of eye Diseases (2004-2011) in Singapore. Based on the presenting visual acuity (PVA) in the better-seeing eye, VI was categorized into normal vision (logMAR≤0.30), low vision (logMAR>0.30<1.00), and blindness (logMAR≥1.00). Any VI was defined as low vision/blindness in the PVA of better-seeing eye. Individual-level low-SES was defined as a composite of primary-level education, monthly income<2000 SGD and residing in 1 or 2-room public apartment. An area-level SES was assessed using a socio-economic disadvantage index (SEDI), created using 12 variables from the 2010 Singapore census. A high SEDI score indicates a relatively poor SES. Associations between SES measures and presence and severity of VI were examined using multi-level, mixed-effects logistic and multinomial regression models.', 'The age-adjusted prevalence of any VI was 19.62% (low vision = 19%, blindness = 0.62%). Both individual- and area-level SES were positively associated with any VI and low vision after adjusting for confounders. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of any VI was 2.11(1.88-2.37) for low-SES and 1.07(1.02-1.13) per 1 standard deviation increase in SEDI. When stratified by unilateral/bilateral categories, while low SES showed significant associations with all categories, SEDI showed a significant association with bilateral low vision only. The association between low SES and any VI remained significant among all age, gender and ethnic sub-groups. Although a consistent positive association was observed between area-level SEDI and any VI, the associations were significant among participants aged 40-65 years and male.\Question: Do composite Measures of Individual and Area-Level Socio-Economic Status Are Associated with Visual Impairment in Singapore?
[EX A]: In this community-based sample of Asian adults, both individual- and area-level SES were independently associated with the presence and severity of VI.

[EX Q]: Context: The significance of high triglyceride levels as a risk factor for coronary heart disease is uncertain. We hypothesized that oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and certain novel markers may help to identify high-risk patients.', 'We recruited 80 subjects with severe hypertriglyceridemia (age 27-73 years) without clinical proteinuria and diabetes mellitus (DM) which were diagnosed by fasting glucose <126 mg/dL from Hyperlipidemia Clinic of National Taiwan University Hospital for this study. We applied OGTT to evaluate occult DM and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) score to evaluate insulin resistance, and the measurements of microalbuminuria as a marker of vascular damage. In addition, serum or plasma markers of inflammation and fibrinolysis, fasting glucose and insulin as well as traditional cardiovascular risk factors were also evaluated.', 'The serum level of triglyceride was higher in patients with microalbuminuria than in those without (14.1+/-5.7 vs. 9.6+/-3.9 mmol/L, p=0.025). Patients with microalbuminuria had higher fasting blood glucose and insulin, higher post-OGTT glucose and insulin, higher prevalence of newly developed diabetes mellitus (DM) (39% vs. 11%, p=0.007) and higher HOMA-IR (6.2+/-4.4 vs. 3.3+/-2.0, p<0.001). Among all the inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers, only soluble intercellular adhesion molecule showed significant different between these two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that among the serum markers, only HOMA-IR level was significantly related to microalbuminuria.\Question: Is insulin resistance the major determinant for microalbuminuria in severe hypertriglyceridemia : implication for high-risk stratification?
[EX A]:
HOMA-IR is the major determinant for microalbuminuria in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Impaired glucose metabolism is evident in patients with both severe hypertriglyceridemia and microalbuminuria.