Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Context: Ovarian cancer is a well-known disease with a poor prognosis. Due to the relatively small number of cases in Taiwan, the outcome and prognostic factors of patients with primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma are unknown.', "We retrospectively studied patients with proven surgical and pathologic (Federation Internationale de Gynecologie et d'Obstetrique) FIGO IIIC primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma. All patients underwent standard staging surgery, including washing cytology, total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, infracolic omentectomy and excisional biopsy of all suspicious lesions followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with four to 12 courses of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and cisplatin (CEP) or cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and cisplatin (CAP) intravenously, every three weeks. To avoid the coeffects of chemotherapy and surgical procedures upon the outcome, patients who received paclitaxel-based regimens or underwent incomplete surgery were excluded. Ninety-eight patients from 1990 to 1996 were identified.", 'The mean follow-up time was 28.7 months, ranging from 5.4 months to 105.9 months. The cumulative five-year disease-free survival rate for all patients was 31.6%. Optimal debulking surgery was completed in 41.8% of patients, which contributed to long-term patient survival (54% vs 16%, p < 0.0001), compared to patients without optimal debulking surgery. Optimal debulking surgery was the only statistically significant independent prognostic factor for five-year disease-free survival using multivariate analysis.
Answer: To improve survival of patients with FIGO stage IIIC epithelial ovarian carcinoma, optimal debulking surgery should be performed as the initial form of surgical intervention.

Ex Output:
Is optimal debulking surgery an independent prognostic factor in patients with FIGO IIIC primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma?


Ex Input:
Context: To determine the prevalence of fathers' attendance at pretest cancer genetic counseling sessions with mothers undergoing BRCA1/2 genetic testing for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (HBOC) risk, and to identify psychosocial and other correlates of fathers' attendance.", 'One hundred and twenty-one fathers of minor-age children who were spouses/partners of women (mothers) undergoing such counseling and testing were recruited, completed a behavioral self-report survey, and provided data about their sociodemographic backgrounds, father-child cancer communication histories, parenting relationship quality, and information-seeking and perceived knowledge.', 'A total of 27.3% of fathers attended pretest cancer genetic counseling with mothers. Compared to fathers who did not attend pretest cancer genetic counseling, those who did had stronger parenting alliances with mothers, were more likely to have sought out information about BRCA1/2 testing, and felt more informed about testing. In an adjusted logistic regression model of session attendance, the strength of the parenting alliance was associated with a 6% increase in the likelihood of attending genetic counseling (odds ratio [OR]=1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01, 1.12, p<.05) and greater perceived knowledge about BRCA1/2 testing was associated with a four-fold increase in the likelihood of session attendance (OR=4.03, CI=1.77, 9.37, p<.001).
Answer: One in three fathers attend pretest cancer genetic counseling with mothers undergoing BRCA1/2 testing; those who do have closer parenting relationships and are more informed about BRCA1/2 testing.

Ex Output:
Does prevalence and correlate of mothers and fathers attending pretest cancer genetic counseling together?


Ex Input:
Context: The early recovery period after periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) can be limited by pain and activity restrictions. Modifications of the Bernese PAO, including sparing the rectus tendon and discontinuing routine arthrotomy, may accelerate early postoperative recovery compared with the standard approach.', 'Does a modified approach for PAO (1) lead to improved pain control immediately after surgery; (2) lead to improved ambulation during the hospital stay; (3) lead to shorter stays, less blood loss, and shorter surgical times; and (4) compromise acetabular correction?', "We retrospectively reviewed all 75 patients who underwent PAO for developmental dysplasia of the hip between August 2009 and May 2013. The control group included 44 consecutive patients who underwent a standard Bernese PAO with rectus takedown (RT). The study group consisted of 31 consecutive patients who underwent PAO using a modified rectus-sparing (RS) approach without routine arthrotomy. The groups were similar in age, body mass index, and American Society of Anesthesiologists score, but the RT group was comprised of a greater percentage of men than the RS group. Outcome variables were collected from patient charts and included inpatient pain, inpatient ambulation as well as length of stay, estimated blood loss, surgical time, and postoperative radiographic measurements. Cohen's f(2) was used to calculate the effect size in the regression analysis and effects were considered small for values<0.15, moderate for 0.15 to 0.34, and large for values>0.35.", 'Patients who underwent PAO with a RS approach had less overall pain (RT median 4 versus RS median 2); however, the difference may not have been perceptible to the typical patient (p=0.001, f2=0.059). Patients treated with the RS approach ambulated similar distances during the hospital stay with a median 11 feet (interquartile range [IQR], 0-72.5) for the RT group and a median 30 feet (IQR, 0-100) for the RS group (p=0.215, f2=0.095). Patients in the RT group had a median length of stay of 4 days (IQR, 4-5) compared with a median 3 days (IQR, 3-4) in the RS group (p<0.001). The median estimated blood loss was greater (p=0.010) in the RT group (median, 500 mL; IQR, 350-700) versus the RS group (median, 300; IQR, 250-500). The median surgical time was longer (p<0.001) in patients undergoing PAO with the RT approach (median, 159.5 minutes; IQR, 145.5-177) compared with the RS approach (median, 103 minutes; IQR, 75-114). Acetabular reorientation based on postoperative radiographs was not compromised by the modified approach.
Answer: The approach modification was straightforward to implement in all patients and did not compromise acetabular fragment mobilization or final positioning. Two of the three key variables that the approach might have influenced-pain and length of stay-were below the minimum clinically important difference and different by only a fraction of a day, respectively. The difference in ambulation was of only modest clinical importance. More definitive evidence for clinical superiority in terms of pain, ambulation, and return of muscle function will likely require more sophisticated instruments such as gait analysis, muscle strength testing, and longer-term outcome studies with sensitive instruments.

Ex Output:

Does preservation of the rectus femoris origin during periacetabular osteotomy compromise acetabular reorientation?