TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: Late in his reign, this king put down revolts led by Ashina of Elam and Nidintu-Bel of Babylon. Other rebellions during his rule include one caused by his brother Artaphernes's response to a request for help from Naxos, leading to an uprising by Aristagoras of Miletus. This man also defeated the Margian leader Frada, as well as a usurper called Gaumata who may have impersonated his brother Bardiya. Those feats are recorded in the trilingual Behistun Inscription, and as king, this man notably succeeded the conqueror of Egypt, Cambyses II. He is best known, however, for ordering an invasion that ended with a decisive defeat by the general Miltiades at the Battle of Marathon. For 10 points, identify this Persian ruler, the father of Xerxes I.

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: A toy nutcracker is said to be represented by the section titled Gnomus. French women quarrelling in the marketplace is the basis of its section The Market at Limoges. Promenades connect the various sections of this work, whose most famous orchestration was arranged by Ravel. Based on the creations of Victor Hartmann, it contains such sections as Baba Yaga and its last, The Great Gate of Kiev. For 10 points, name this 1874 suite for piano, written by Modest Mussorgsky, which meant to portray one examining various works of art.

SOLUTION: Fine Arts

PROBLEM: Niels Kaj Jerne cited this man's concept of "open-endedness" in a protein generation model in a lecture applying one of this man's ideas to the immune system. One work by this man argued that "bounding nodes" were "barriers" in order to unify Subjacency with the Empty Category Principle. "Type 2" on his namesake hierarchy includes context-free grammars. He used the sentence "colorless green ideas sleep furiously" to illustrate his "poverty of the stimulus" argument. For 10 points, name this MIT linguist who proposed the idea of Universal Grammar.

SOLUTION:
Science