In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Question: Context: To study E2F3a expression and its clinical significance in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).', 'We quantified E2F3a expression at diagnosis in 148 children with ALL by real-time PCR. In the test cohort (n = 48), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to find the best cut-off point to divide the patients into E2F3a low- and high-expression groups. The prognostic significance of E2F3a expression was investigated in the test cohort and confirmed in the validation cohort (n = 100). The correlations of E2F3a expression with the clinical features and treatment outcome of these patients were analyzed.', 'ROC curve analysis indicated that the best cut-off point of E2F3a expression was 0.3780. In the test cohort, leukemia-free survival (LFS) and event-free survival (EFS) of the low-expression group were lower than those of the high-expression group (log rank: P = 0.026 for both). This finding was verified in the validation cohort. LFS, EFS, and overall survival were also lower in the low-expression group than in the high-expression group (log rank, P = 0.015, 0.008, and 0.002 respectively). E2F3a low expression was correlated with the existence of BCR-ABL fusion. An algorithm composed of E2F3a expression and minimal residual disease (MRD) could predict relapse or induction failure more precisely than current risk stratification. These results were still significant in the ALL patients without BCR-ABL fusion.\Question: Does e2F3a gene expression have prognostic significance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Answer: Low expression of E2F3a was associated with inferior prognosis in childhood ALL. An algorithm composed of E2F3a expression and MRD could predict relapse or induction failure more precisely than that of the current risk stratification.


Question: Context: Mucus hypersecretion and neutrophil infiltration are important characteristics of airway inflammation. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation induces mucus and inflammatory cytokine secretion from airway epithelial cells. To elucidate the roles of EGFR in airway inflammation, the in vitro effects on mucin production and interleukin (IL) 8 secretion from cultured airway epithelial cells and the in vivo effects on mucus hypersecretion and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal mucosa of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 were examined.', 'The in vitro effects of AG1478 treatment of cultured NCI-H292 cells on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α induced MUC5AC mucin and IL-8 secretion were evaluated. Hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells, mucus production and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal epithelium were induced by intranasal instillation of LPS in vivo, and the inhibitory effects of AG1478 by intraperitoneal injection or intranasal instillation were examined.', 'AG1478 (1-1000 nM) significantly inhibited both LPS-induced and TNF-α-induced secretion of MUC5AC and IL-8 from cultured NCI-H292 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of MUC5AC and IL-8 messenger RNAs was also significantly inhibited. Intranasal instillation of AG1478 one hour after intranasal LPS instillation significantly inhibited LPS-induced goblet cell metaplasia, mucus production, and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal epithelium, as did intraperitoneal injection of AG1478 one hour before LPS instillation.\Question: Does epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor AG1478 inhibit mucus hypersecretion in airway epithelium?

Answer: These results indicated that EGFR transactivation plays an important role in mucin and IL-8 secretion from airway epithelial cells. Intranasal instillation of an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor may be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of upper airway inflammation.


Question: Context: p53 Is known to be a tumor-suppressor gene and has been suggested to play an important role for multistep carcinogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). To evaluate the role of ultraviolet light (UV) in p53 mutation in squamous cell carcinogenesis, paraffin-embedded sections of SCCs were immunohistochemically stained with the CM-1 antibody for p53 protein. Positive staining suggests mutation of the p53 gene since the mutant p53 protein gains prolonged half-life to be detectable by this method. The specimen included SCCs induced by UV (SCCs on sun-exposed areas, SCCs on patients with xeroderma pigmentosum), roentgen rays, scar, and miscellaneous causes. In addition, solar keratoses that are precancerous lesions of UV-related SCCs were also analyzed.', 'Fourteen (54%) of 26 UV-related SCCs were positive, whereas five (19%) of 26 UV-unrelated SCCs were positive. Among the UV-related SCCs, five (45%) of 11 well-differentiated SCCs and nine (60%) of 15 moderately to poorly differentiated SCCs were positive. Eleven (48%) of 23 solar keratoses were positive for p53.\Question: Is expression of p53 protein an early event in ultraviolet light-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinogenesis?

Answer:
These results indicate that UV acts as a mutagen for the p53 gene, and this event may occur at a relatively early stage of multistep UV carcinogenesis.