Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
To investigate the effect of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen (%fPSA) on future prostate cancer risk.', 'We examined serum total PSA (tPSA) and %fPSA annually in a prostate cancer-screening cohort between July 2001 and June 2011. Men with tPSA >4.0 ng/mL or tPSA of 2.0-4.0 ng/mL with %fPSA ≤12% were screened as positive and were recommended to undergo a biopsy. The study population consisted of 6368 men, aged 40-79 years, who had tPSA ≤4.0 ng/mL at initial screening and who subsequently underwent 1 or more screenings. We calculated the cumulative risk and hazard ratio of prostate cancer stratified by the initial %fPSA groups as quartiles of prostate cancer patients.', 'During a median follow-up of 36 months, 119 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. The lowest quartile of %fPSA (<13.3%) was associated with a 21.2-fold higher risk of having prostate cancer compared with the highest quartile (>22.2%). For the subset with an initial tPSA ≤1.0 ng/mL, all men diagnosed with cancer had an initial %fPSA ≤33.3% (median). For the subset with tPSA >1.0 ng/mL, men with %fPSA ≤23.0% (median) had significantly higher risk for cancer than those with %fPSA >23.0% (P <.0001). Of the 114 men with prostate cancer in whom pathologic findings were available, 79 (69.3%) had a Gleason score ≥3 + 4 = 7.

Ex Output:
1


Ex Input:
Advanced heart failure (HF) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality; traditionally used prognostic factors often fail to predict the outcome. Increased red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has recently been recognized as an important unfavorable prognostic factor in HF, independent of anemia; however, the role of RDW in patients with advanced HF has not yet been investigated.', 'Eighty consecutive patients with stage D heart failure, recently hospitalized for HF decompensation, were enrolled. A Cox proportional-hazard model was used to determine whether RDW was independently associated with outcome.', 'At study entry, ejection fraction (EF), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), hemoglobin (Hb) and RDW were 25 ± 8.6%, 27.5 ± 8 mmHg, 12.5 ± 1.9 mg/dL and 18 ± 3.5% (normal <14.5%) respectively. At 6 months, 44 patients (55%) had died. In this patient population, EF (p=0.45), PCWP (p=0.106), age (p=0.54), albumin (0.678), iron (p=0.37), creatinine (p=0.432), iron deficiency defined by bone marrow aspiration (p=0.37), bilirubin (p=0.422), peak VO2 (p=0.057) and Hb (p=0.95) were not significant predictors of a worse outcome. However, RDW was a significant marker for adverse prognosis (p=0.007, HR: 1.14, CI: 1.04-1.24) and retained its prognostic significance even when corrected for Hb values (HR: 1.15, CI: 1.05-1.27, p=0.003).

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
This study evaluated the prospective relationship between cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress and increases in resting blood pressure across a 3-year period among a multiethnic pediatric sample (N = 149).', 'Systolic and diastolic blood pressure; EKG heart rate, pre-ejection period, and mean successive difference of R to R intervals; and impedance-derived measures of cardiac output, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance were collected during performance of four tasks that elicited different hemodynamic response patterns. Changes from baseline to each task were standardized and averaged to form eight composite scores. Analyses adjusted for time 1 baseline blood pressure and age, body mass index at baseline and change to follow-up, and duration of follow-up.', 'Rises in SBP over the follow-up period were independently predicted by SBP (beta = 0.161, p =.009), DBP (beta = 0.132, p =.02), and CO (beta = 0.144, p =.02) composite measures of reactivity. Rises in DBP over the follow-up period were predicted by DBP (beta = 0.292, p =.003, respectively), and MSD (beta = -0.176, p <.03) composite measures of reactivity. TPR reactivity was not related prospectively to blood pressure rises.

Ex Output:

1