Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) and local muscle vibration (LMV) on quadriceps function.', 'Sixty adults were randomized to WBV, LMV, or control groups. Quadriceps function [Hoffmann (H)-reflex, active motor threshold (AMT), motor evoked potential (MEP) and electromyographic amplitude, peak torque (PT), rate of torque development (RTD), and central activation ratio (CAR)] was assessed before and immediately after and 10 and 20 minutes after interventions.', 'WBV improved PT, CAR, AMT, EMG, and MEP amplitude, and EMG amplitude and CAR were greater than control after application. LMV improved EMG amplitude and AMT, and EMG amplitude was greater than control after application. AMT remained lower 10 and 20 minutes after WBV and LMV. No differences were noted between LMV and WBV. Vibration did not influence H-reflex or RTD.
Do immediate effect of vibratory stimuli on quadriceps function in healthy adults?

Class III antiarrhythmic agents exhibit reverse rate-dependent lengthening of the action potential duration (APD). In spite of the several theories developed so far to explain this reverse rate dependency (RRD), its mechanism has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present work was to further elucidate the mechanisms responsible for reverse rate-dependent drug effects.', 'Action potentials were recorded from multicellular canine ventricular preparations and isolated cardiomyocytes, at cycle lengths (CLs) varying from 0.3 to 5 s, using conventional sharp microelectrodes. APD was either modified by applying inward and outward current pulses, or by superfusion of agents known to lengthen and shorten APD. Net membrane current (I(m)) was calculated from action potential waveforms. The hypothesis that RRD may be implicit in the relationship between I(m) and APD was tested by numerical modelling. Both drug-induced lengthening (by veratrine, BAY-K 8644, dofetilide, and BaCl(2)) and shortening (by lidocaine and nicorandil) of action potentials displayed RRD, i.e. changes in APD were greater at longer than at shorter CL. A similar dependency of effect on CL was found when repolarization was modified by injection of inward or outward current pulses. I(m) measured at various points during repolarization was inversely proportional to APD and to CL. Model simulations showed that RRD is expected as a consequence of the non-linearity of the relationship between I(m) and APD.
Is reverse rate dependency an intrinsic property of canine cardiac preparations?

Increased medical staff workload has been associated with worse outcomes in several studies. Inappropriate staffing has also been implicated in the increased risk of mortality for medical patients admitted on weekends. A theoretical threshold patient load may exist, beyond which the resources are strained and patient outcomes suffer. The goal of the study was to see whether trauma patients admitted during 'high' patient-load periods, at night, or on weekends had worse outcomes.", 'Trauma patients admitted to a high-volume Level I trauma center from 1994 to 2002 were analyzed. Patient load was defined as a combination of the number of patients admitted and the severity of their illness. On the basis of a multivariate regression model, a probability of fatal outcome was calculated for each patient as a marker for the severity of illness. For each patient, two new variables were calculated, the number of admissions (#ad) and the average probability of fatal outcome (PFO) for the 24-hour period in which the patient was admitted (excluding the patient him- or herself). The above variables, night/d, and weekend/d were placed in a multivariate regression model.', "There were 30,686 patients. Age, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, maximum head Abbreviated Injury Scale score, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, systolic blood pressure, and intubation status were the independent predictors of mortality. This model had an outstanding predictive power, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96. The mean #ad was 11 +/- 4 and PFO was 0.08 +/- 0.07. Values above the 90th percentile were considered 'high' for #ad > 17 or PFO > 0.18. There was no difference in mortality for patients admitted during high #ad (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; p = 0.7) or high PFO (OR, 0.99; p = 0.9) versus low. There was no difference in mortality if a patient was admitted on weekends versus weekdays (OR, 0.9; p = 0.2) or at night versus day (OR, 0.9; p = 0.2). There was no difference in hospital length of stay for high #ad, high PFO, nights, or weekends.

Do effect of patient load on trauma outcomes in a Level I trauma center?