instruction:
In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
question:
our review of this appeal reveals a jurisdictional defect.
answer:
non-overruling


question:
in its opinion in sanchez-gomez, the supreme court rejected the concept that the previously shackled defendants had shown a sufficient stake in the outcome to avoid mootness because they ""sought relief from the restraint policy not merely for themselves, but for all in-custody defendants in the district.""
answer:
non-overruling


question:
as a result, there simply is no basis for concluding that the 911 call was outcome-determinative.
answer:

non-overruling