In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
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Question: in which this Court's authority to review criminal convictions was greatly circumscribed.” Cotton, 535 U.S. at 629, 122 S.Ct. 1781. It could examine constitutional errors in a criminal trial only on a writ of habeas corpus, and only then if it deemed the error "jurisdictional.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). "The Court’s desire to correct obvious constitutional violations led to a 'somewhat expansive notion of jurisdiction.Id. (quoting Custis v. United States, 511 U.S. 485, 494, 114 S.Ct. 1732, 128 L.Ed.2d 517 (1994)) (internal quotation marks omitted). 25 . A charging instrument may be so deficient that a court does not have jurisdiction over the case; for instance, if the charging document was never filed. See State v. Kaulia, 128 Hawai'i 479, 491, 291 P.3d 377, 389 (2013) (<HOLDING>). Without deciding the matter, a charge that 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that although that the district court erred in finding that plaintiffs lacked standing the appellate court may nonetheless proceed to consider the district courts determination that plaintiffs failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted (B) holding that an action brought against the state officials in their official capacities was not properly removed to federal court because the district court lacked jurisdiction (C) holding that the appellate court had jurisdiction to hear the interlocutory appeal on a restraining order and the district court retained jurisdiction to proceed with the trial (D) holding that the district court lacked jurisdiction to review state disciplinary proceedings against attorney (E) holding that because the state failed to properly file the complaint the district court lacked jurisdiction to proceed to trial

Answer: holding that although that the district court erred in finding that plaintiffs lacked standing the appellate court may nonetheless proceed to consider the district courts determination that plaintiffs failed to state a claim upon which relief may be granted


Question: 375 N.E.2d 1192 (1978). Two of Gunther’s theories are easily eliminated. First, a plaintiff is a member of a protected class if she asserts “a claim based on sex discrimination as a pregnant woman.” White v. University of Mass., 410 Mass. 553, 557, 574 N.E.2d 356 (1991). There is no allegation that Gunther’s termination was motivated by animus toward her pregnancy because at the time of her discharge she was not pregnant and had been working for over eight months in a managerial position with equivalent salary. Second, to the extent that Gunther is claiming she was discriminated against as a single mother, she can not prevail. Parenthood is not listed as a protected class in the statute. See G.L. c. 151B, § 4; cf. Upton v. JWP Businessland, 425 Mass. 756, 758-59, 682 N.E.2d 1357 (1997) (<HOLDING>). With respect to the claim of pure gender 
 Holding statements: (A) recognizing tort of wrongful discharge in violation of public policy (B) recognizing public policy exception to atwill doctrine (C) holding that it was not a violation of public policy for the defendant to discharge the plaintiff an atwill employee because she was a single mother unwilling to work newly imposed long hours (D) holding that an employee could maintain a claim for constructive discharge in violation of virginias public policy exception to the employment atwill doctrine (E) holding that an atwill employee may not recover for discriminatory discharge under section 1981 because the atwill relationship was not sufficiently contractual under tennessee law

Answer: recognizing tort of wrongful discharge in violation of public policy


Question: is arbitrary and capricious. 2. Does Civil Rule 90.3 violate due process by creating an irrebuttable presumption? Jerald argues that blind application of the Civil Rule 90.3 formula denies noncustodial parents the right to a fair hearing. He believes that this is illustrated in this case by the superior court’s denying him the opportunity to question Darla concerning her expenses. As the state points out, however, Civil Rule 90.3(c)(1) specifically allows for exceptions to the formula. Other courts have found that child support guidelines do not offend due process so long as they provide for discretion in their application. Schenek v. Schenek, 161 Ariz. 580, 780 P.2d 413 (App.1989); see also In re Guidelines for Child Support Enforcement, 301 Ark. 627, 784 S.W.2d 589, 590-91 (1990) (<HOLDING>); Dalton v. Clanton, 559 A.2d 1197, 1212 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that any sentence that is properly calculated under the guidelines is entitled to a rebuttable presumption of reasonableness (B) holding that child support formula creates a rebuttable presumption and an inequitable result rebuts the presumption (C) holding that guidelines create a rebuttable presumption (D) recognizing a rebuttable presumption of reliance in rule 10b5 (E) holding however that a first party insured is not entitled to a rebuttable presumption of harm

Answer:
holding that any sentence that is properly calculated under the guidelines is entitled to a rebuttable presumption of reasonableness