In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

opera's third act opens with a shepherd boy singing "Io de' sospiri. " One character in this opera retorts with the aria "Mi dicon venal" when asked what his price is. Another character in this opera sings about how brightly the stars used to shine after he trades his ring to his captor for the chance to write his lover one last letter. That character is killed by a (*) firing squad that he thinks will be shooting blanks after withstanding a session in a torture chamber and refusing to give up the political prisoner Cesare Angelotti. The title character of this opera sings about her good deeds and her dedication to her art in the aria "Vissi d'arte," before she kills the police chief Scarpia and jumps to her death after the execution of the painter Mario Cavardossi. For 10 points, name this Puccini opera about a singer.
Fine Arts

This philosopher argued that the only way to exercise freedom is to act morally, because otherwise one's actions are bound by one's conditional desires. This thinker defined the title concept of one of his essays as "man's emergence from his self-imposed immaturity." He postulated that our senses perceive only phenomena and not noumena, so we can never truly know the "thing-in-itself." This author of "What is Enlightenment" argued that we should act only according to maxims that could be made universal law, which he called the "categorical imperative." For 10 points, name this German author of Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and Critique of Pure Reason.
Social Science

This thinker wrote that assertive utterances are distinguished by an assertoric force. In the same essay, he claimed that the question of truth pertains only to thoughts, which belong to a third realm besides the realm of matter and ideas. This thinker argued that words only have meaning in the context of a proposition. He introduced the axiom that the value-ranges of two functions are identical if and only if for any object, they map it to the same value. This philosopher explained the difference between identity statements of the form a=a and a=b in "On Sense and Reference." He also showed that Hume's principle could be used to derive all five Peano axioms. Bertrand Russell showed that this philosopher's "Basic Law V" leads to Russell's Paradox. For 10 points, name this German logician who wrote Begriffsschrift and The Foundations of Arithmetic.

Social Science