TASK DEFINITION: Given a context passage, generate a question from the passage such that its answer is shortest continous span from the passage.
PROBLEM: Born to Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II and his first wife, Marudhar Kanwar of Jodhpur, Bhawani Singh was educated at Sheshbagh School, Srinagar, The Doon School, Dehradun, and later Harrow School in the United Kingdom.

SOLUTION: Who was Bhawani Singh's father?

PROBLEM: The apolipoprotein E type 4 allele is a susceptibility gene for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Apolipoprotein E is found in neurons, some of which contain paired helical filaments made of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Previous studies have demonstrated that the apoE3 isoform, but not the apoE4 isoform, binds tau with high avidity. Because the microtubule-associated protein MAP2c also effects microtubule assembly and stability, we examined interactions between apoE isoforms and MAP2c. Similar to the tau-binding results, apoE3, but not apoE4, bound MAP2c. Binding was detectable down to 10(-9) M MAP2c and 10(-8) M apoE3. Isoform-specific interactions of apoE with the microtubule-associated proteins MAP2c and tau might affect intracellular maintenance of microtubules and could contribute to a time-dependent pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

SOLUTION: Which ApoE isoform is associated with atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease?

PROBLEM: Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for several organisms and is present in proteins as selenocysteine (Sec or U), an amino acid that is chemically distinct from serine and cysteine by a single atom (Se instead of O or S, respectively). Sec is incorporated into selenoproteins at an in-frame UGA codon specified by an mRNA stem-loop structure called the selenocysteine incorporating sequence (SECIS) presented in selenoprotein mRNA and specific selenocysteine synthesis and incorporation machinery. Selenoproteins are presented in all domains but are not found in all organisms. Although several functions have been attributed to this class, the majority of the proteins are involved in oxidative stress defense. Here, we discuss the kinetoplastid selenocysteine pathway and how selenium supplementation is able to alter the infection course of trypanosomatids in detail. These organisms possess the canonical elements required for selenoprotein production such as phosphoseryl tRNA kinase (PSTK), selenocysteine synthase (SepSecS), selenophosphase synthase (SelD or SPS), and elongation factor EFSec (SelB), whereas other important factors presented in mammal cells, such as SECIS binding protein 2 (SBP) and SecP 43, are absent. The selenoproteome of trypanosomatids is small, as is the selenoproteome of others parasites, which is in contrast to the large number of selenoproteins found in bacteria, aquatic organisms and higher eukaryotes. Trypanosoma and Leishmania are sensitive to auranofin, a potent selenoprotein inhibitor; however, the probable drug mechanism is not related to selenoproteins in kinetoplastids. Selenium supplementation decreases the parasitemia of various Trypanosome infections and reduces important parameters associated with diseases such as anemia and parasite-induced organ damage. New experiments are necessary to determine how selenium acts, but evidence suggests that immune response modulation and increased host defense against oxidative stress contribute to control of the parasite infection.

SOLUTION:
What is the name of the stem loop present in the 3' end of genes encoding for selenoproteins?