instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
Although the major limitation to exercise performance in patients with COPD is dynamic hyperinflation, little is known about its relation to daily physical activity.', 'To analyze the contribution of dynamic hyperinflation, exercise tolerance, and airway oxidative stress to physical activity in patients with COPD.', 'In a cross-sectional study, we included 110 patients with moderate to very severe COPD. Daily physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer providing a mean of 1-minute movement epochs as vector magnitude units (VMU). Patients performed the 6-minute walk test, incremental exercise test with measurement of breathing pattern and operating lung volumes, and constant-work rate test at 75% of maximal work rate.', 'Using the GOLD stage and BODE index, we determined arterial blood gases, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, and biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate. Daily physical activity was lower in the 89 patients who developed dynamic hyperinflation than in the 21 who did not (n =161 [SD 70] vs. n = 288 [SD 85] VMU; P = 0.001). Physical activity was mainly related to distance walked in 6 minutes (r = 0.72; P = 0.001), Vo(2) (r = 0.63; P = 0.001), change in end-expiratory lung volume during exercise (r = -0.73; P = 0.001), endurance time (r = 0.61; P = 0.001), and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (r = -0.67; P = 0.001). In a multivariate linear regression analysis using VMU as a dependent variable, dynamic hyperinflation, change in end-expiratory lung volume, and distance walked in 6 minutes were retained in the prediction model (r(2) = 0.84; P = 0.001).
answer:
1


question:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an established indicator of all-cause mortality in a coronary care unit (CCU), and evaluating the risks of renal dysfunction can guide treatment decisions. In this study we used the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score to predict the incidence of AKI in CCU patients who had not undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) after a cardiac angiogram.', 'The study cohort comprised 126 patients diagnosed with 2 or 3 coronary vessels disease who did not receive CABG during their hospital course. This study was performed in the CCU of a tertiary referral university hospital between September 2012 and August 2013. The STS score was evaluated with adjustment in all patients and the outcomes of the risk of mortality, morbidity, or mortality and renal failure were selected for predicting assessment. Furthermore, the performance of the STS scores was compared with that of other scoring systems.', 'A total of 28.5% (36 of 126) of the patients had AKI of varying severity. For predicting AKI, the STS renal failure score was excellent, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.851 ± 0.039, p < 0.001. When compared with other scoring systems, the STS renal failure score demonstrated the highest discriminatory power, the most favorable Youden index, and the highest overall correctness of prediction.
answer:
0


question:
There are few data concerning prognostic markers of acute myocarditis. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of initial measurements of creatine kinase (CK), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and myoglobin as regards late recovery of the left ventricular ejection fraction on follow-up.', 'A total of 22 patients (53+/-15 years old, 11 female) with acute myocarditis were followed up in a prospective observational study. Of these, 11 (50%) showed a history of acute infection prior to hospitalisation and seven (32%) had pericardial effusion. The median ejection fraction during the acute phase was 47+/-17%; after a mean follow-up of 119+/-163 days it improved to 60+/-9% (P<0.001). Considering maximal CK-rise values of 641+/-961 U/l (P=0.38), cTnI-rise values of 3.7+/-8.6 microg/l (P=0.16) and myoglobin values of 7.4+/-12 nmol/l (P=0.69), there was no correlation between initial cardiac enzyme levels and the initial and late left ventricular ejection fraction.
answer:

0