In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words.

Example Input: Chinese word segmentation is a fundamental task for Chinese language processing. The granularity mismatch problem is the main cause of the errors. This paper showed that the binary tree representation can store outputs with different granularity. A binary tree based framework is also designed to overcome the granularity mismatch problem. There are two steps in this framework, namely tree building and tree pruning. The tree pruning step is specially designed to focus on the granularity problem. Previous work for Chinese word segmentation such as the sequence tagging can be easily employed in this framework. This framework can also provide quantitative error analysis methods. The experiments showed that after using a more sophisticated tree pruning function for a state-of-the-art conditional random field based baseline, the error reduction can be up to 20%.
Example Output: Binary Tree based Chinese Word Segmentation

Example Input: We propose a new encoder-decoder approach to learn distributed sentence representations from unlabeled sentences. The word-to-vector representation is used, and convolutional neural networks are employed as sentence encoders, mapping an input sentence into a fixed-length vector. This representation is decoded using long short-term memory recurrent neural networks, considering several tasks, such as reconstructing the input sentence, or predicting the future sentence. We further describe a hierarchical encoder-decoder model to encode a sentence to predict multiple future sentences. By training our models on a large collection of novels, we obtain a highly generic convolutional sentence encoder that performs well in practice. Experimental results on several benchmark datasets, and across a broad range of applications, demonstrate the superiority of the proposed model over competing methods.
Example Output: Unsupervised Learning of Sentence Representations using Convolutional Neural Networks

Example Input: Training deep directed graphical models with many hidden variables and performing inference remains a major challenge. Helmholtz machines and deep belief networks are such models, and the wake-sleep algorithm has been proposed to train them. The wake-sleep algorithm relies on training not just the directed generative model but also a conditional generative model (the inference network) that runs backward from visible to latent, estimating the posterior distribution of latent given visible. We propose a novel interpretation of the wake-sleep algorithm which suggests that better estimators of the gradient can be obtained by sampling latent variables multiple times from the inference network. This view is based on importance sampling as an estimator of the likelihood, with the approximate inference network as a proposal distribution. This interpretation is confirmed experimentally, showing that better likelihood can be achieved with this reweighted wake-sleep procedure, which also provides a natural way to estimate the likelihood itself. Based on this interpretation, we propose that a sigmoid belief network is not sufficiently powerful for the layers of the inference network, in order to recover a good estimator of the posterior distribution of latent variables. Our experiments show that using a more powerful layer model, such as NADE, yields substantially better generative models.
Example Output:
Reweighted Wake-Sleep