Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Context: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that maternal asthma symptoms and pulmonary function are related to adverse perinatal outcomes.', 'Asthmatic patients were recruited from the 16 centers of the Maternal Fetal Medicine Units. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second was obtained at enrollment and at monthly study visits, and the frequency of asthma symptoms was assessed from enrollment to delivery. Perinatal data were obtained at postpartum chart reviews.', 'The final cohort included 2123 participants with asthma. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, smoking, acute asthmatic episodes, and oral corticosteroid use, significant relationships were demonstrated between gestational hypertension and preterm birth and lower maternal gestational forced expiratory volume in 1 second. The data did not show any significant independent relationship between asthma symptom frequency and perinatal outcomes.
Answer: Lower pulmonary function during pregnancy is associated with increased gestational hypertension and prematurity in the pregnancies of women with asthma, which may be due to inadequate asthma control or factors that are associated with increased asthma severity.

Ex Output:
Is spirometry related to perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with asthma?


Ex Input:
Context: Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a complex heritable condition associated with impairments in multiple neurocognitive domains. Substantial heritability has been reported for DD and related phenotypes, and candidate genes have been identified. Recently, a candidate gene for human cognitive processes, that is, GRIN2B, has been found to be associated significantly with working memory in a German DD sample. In this study, we explored the contribution of six GRIN2B markers to DD and key DD-related phenotypes by association analyses in a sample of Italian nuclear families. Moreover, we assessed potential gene-by-environment interactions on DD-related phenotypes.', 'We carried out a family-based association study to determine whether the GRIN2B gene influences both DD as a categorical trait and its related cognitive traits in a large cohort of 466 Italian nuclear families ascertained through a proband affected by DD. Moreover, we tested the role of the selected GRIN2B markers and a set of commonly described environmental moderators using a test for G×E interaction in sib pair-based association analysis of quantitative traits in 178 Italian nuclear families.', 'Evidence for a significant association was found with the categorical diagnosis of DD, performance intelligence quotient, phonemic elision, and auditory short-term memory. No significant gene-by-environment effects were found.
Answer: Our results add further evidence in support of GRIN2B contributing toward DD and deficits in DD. More specifically, our data support the view that GRIN2B influences DD as a categorical trait and its related quantitative phenotypes, thus shedding further light on the etiologic basis and the phenotypic complexity of this disorder.

Ex Output:
Does gRIN2B mediate susceptibility to intelligence quotient and cognitive impairments in developmental dyslexia?


Ex Input:
Context: Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) identifies the microvascular hallmarks of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and may play a pivotal role in the associated vasculopathy. The aim of the present study was to compare NVC alterations with clinical subsets, internal organ involvement, and serum VEGF levels in a cohort of selected SSc cases.', 'We studied 44 patients with SSc who were evaluated within 3\xa0months from enrollment by NVC, skin score, severity index, pulmonary function tests, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO), echocardiography, pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), gastroesophageal (GE) endoscopy or manometry or X-ray, and serum autoantibodies. Serum VEGF-A levels were determined by ELISA in 72 SSc patients and 31 healthy controls.', 'Giant capillaries were inversely correlated with age (p\xa0=\xa00.034, r\xa0=\xa0-0.34) and to the extent of reticular pattern at HRCT (p\xa0=\xa00.04, r\xa0=\xa0-0.5). Avascular areas were directly correlated with capillaroscopy skin ulcer risk index (CSURI) (p\xa0=\xa00.006, r\xa0=\xa0+0.4) and severity index (p\xa0=\xa00.004, r\xa0=\xa0+0.5). The mean capillary density was directly correlated to the ulcer number (p\xa0=\xa00.02, r\xa0=\xa0+0.4) and to DLCO/alveolar volume (p\xa0=\xa00.02, r\xa0=\xa0+0.4) and inversely correlated with severity index (p\xa0=\xa00.01, r\xa0=\xa0-0.4) and skin score (p\xa0=\xa00.02, r\xa0=\xa0-0.4). Serum VEGF levels were higher in the SSc population vs controls (p\xa0=\xa00.03) and inversely correlated with DLCO (p\xa0=\xa00.01, r\xa0=-0.4) and directly with ground-glass and reticular pattern at HRCT (p\xa0=\xa00.04, r\xa0=\xa0+0.4 for both).
Answer: Our data suggest the importance of NVC not only for the diagnosis, but also for the global evaluation of SSc patients. Of note, serum VEGF levels may act as a biomarker of interstitial lung involvement.

Ex Output:

Are nailfold videocapillaroscopy and serum VEGF levels in scleroderma associated with internal organ involvement?