In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[EX Q]: given the supreme court's decision in gaudin, we conclude that beuttenmuller's holding that materiality under section 1006 is a question of law for the court has been overruled.
[EX A]: overruling

[EX Q]: the court also observed that a major fund raiser ""pleaded guilty to a charge of violation of 18 u.s.c.  600, in having promised, in 1971, a more prestigious post to ambassador (to trinidad) j. fife symington, in return for a $100,000 contribution to be split between 1970 senatorial candidates designated by the white house and mr. nixon's 1972 campaign.""
[EX A]: non-overruling

[EX Q]: alvarez-machain'?, cursory analysis contains two errors that lead us to overrule it.
[EX A]:
overruling