In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".

Ex Input:
Paragraph: Background: The World Health Organization recommends periodic evaluations of influenza surveillance systems to identify areas for improvement and provide evidence of data reliability for policymaking. However, data about the performance of established influenza surveillance systems are limited in Africa, including in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Methods: We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines to evaluate the performance of the influenza sentinel surveillance system (ISSS) in DRC during 2012-2015. The performance of the system was evaluated using eight surveillance attributes: (i) data quality and completeness for key variables, (ii) timeliness, (iii) representativeness, (iv) flexibility, (v) simplicity, (vi) acceptability, (vii) stability and (viii) utility. For each attribute, specific indicators were developed and described using quantitative and qualitative methods. Scores for each indicator were as follows: < 60% weak performance; 60-79% moderate performance; ≥80% good performance. Results: During 2012-2015, we enrolled and tested 4339 patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and 2869 patients with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) from 11 sentinel sites situated in 5 of 11 provinces. Influenza viruses were detected in 446 (10.3%) samples from patients with ILI and in 151 (5.5%) samples from patients with SARI with higher detection during December-May. Data quality and completeness was > 90% for all evaluated indicators. Other strengths of the system were timeliness, simplicity, stability and utility that scored > 70% each. Representativeness, flexibility and acceptability had moderate performance. It was reported that the ISSS contributed to: (i) a better understanding of the epidemiology, circulating patterns and proportional contribution of influenza virus among patients with ILI or SARI; (ii) acquisition of new key competences related to influenza surveillance and diagnosis; and (iii) continuous education of surveillance staff and clinicians at sentinel sites about influenza. However, due to limited resources no actions were undertaken to mitigate the impact of seasonal influenza epidemics. Conclusions: The system performed overall satisfactorily and provided reliable and timely data about influenza circulation in DRC. The simplicity of the system contributed to its stability. A better use of the available data could be made to inform and promote prevention interventions especially among the most vulnerable groups. 
 Title: Evaluation of the influenza sentinel surveillance system in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2012-2015

Ex Output:
True


Ex Input:
Paragraph: publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. Abstracts accepted for publication only Pathogenesis R2249 Effect of a probiotic dairy product containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota on the gut microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study Objectives: It has been hypothesized that disturbances in the intestinal flora could be a factor in the onset and persistence of IBS complaints. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) on the faecal flora of IBS patients. Methods: In a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind study, IBS patients fulfilling the Rome criteria II were included. Patients took 2 bottles daily for 8 weeks, containing either LcS or placebo. Faecal samples were collected before intervention (week −2/0,S1), at the end of intervention (week 6/8,S2) and during follow-up (week 14/16,S3). Microbial populations (Bacteroides, anaerobes, bifidobacteria, coliforms, clostridia, and lactobacilli) were enumerated using quantitative plating. Total bacterial counts were performed using FISH. Bacterial DNA was analysed by quantitative Real-Time PCR for the detection of Atopobium spp., Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas group, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale group, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans group, and Bifidobacterium spp. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U tests or Paired Wilcoxon tests. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant differences in total bacterial counts were seen between the treatment and placebo group. Using quantitative plating, no significant differences were seen for the different bacterial groups between both groups. Significantly lower bacterial counts were seen in both groups for clostridia for S2 compared to S1 and S3. In the placebo group, significantly higher amounts of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were detected for S2 compared to S1. Using qRT-PCR, significantly lower counts for D. desulfuricans group were seen in the placebo group compared to the treatment group. In the treatment group significant differences were seen only for S2 compared to S3, whereas in the placebo group, no significant differences were detected for the different bacterial groups at the different sampling points. Analysis at the IBS subtype level revealed differences in microbiota between the different subtypes. Conclusions: Although significant changes in the microbiota were seen during intake of LcS in the treatment group, differences in microbial populations between both groups were not significant. Interestingly, specific findings are likely to be associated with a specific IBS subtype rather than with IBS in general. Objective: To asses the chest radiography findings of patients with H1N1 Influenza virus infection. Review of radiological findings of 110 patients with confirmed influenza A virus infection admitted to two Hospitals in Cantabria, Spain. The radiological findings were characterized by pattern of opacities, lung distribution and, presence or absence of pleural effusions or hiliar or mediastinal adenopahies. The initial radiography was abnormal in 39 (34%) patients, but only 28 (25%) were related exclusively to the influenza A virus infection. Characteristic imaging findings in these 28 patients included: parenchymal consolidation 68%, consolidation plus ground glass 25% and ground glass opacities in 7%. Seventeen patients had a diffuse distribution of the opacities, in 61% it was bilateral, and lower and middle zones were those most frequently affected. No pleural effusions or pathological mediastinal lymph nodes were seen in this initial radiography. Patients with abnormal chest X-ray were more frequently men, smokers, had dyspnoea, pleuritic pain and diarrhoea. Conclusions: Although more of patients with influenza virus A infection showed normal chest X-ray, those with abnormal chest radiographies, characteristically showed areas of consolidation with or without ground glass affectation, bilateral and diffuse distribution, and predilection for lower and middle zones. Pleural effusion or mediastinal adenopahty were not findings seen in the initial radiography. 
 Title: R2250 H1N1 virus infection: review of chest radiographic findings

Ex Output:
False


Ex Input:
Paragraph: Background: Recent studies have suggested that autophagy is utilized by cells as a protective mechanism against Listeria monocytogenes infection. Methodology/Principal Findings: However we find autophagy has no measurable role in vacuolar escape and intracellular growth in primary cultured bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) deficient for autophagy (atg5 2/2 ). Nevertheless, we provide evidence that the pore forming activity of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin listeriolysin O (LLO) can induce autophagy subsequent to infection by L. monocytogenes. Infection of BMDMs with L. monocytogenes induced microtubuleassociated protein light chain 3 (LC3) lipidation, consistent with autophagy activation, whereas a mutant lacking LLO did not. Infection of BMDMs that express LC3-GFP demonstrated that wild-type L. monocytogenes was encapsulated by LC3-GFP, consistent with autophagy activation, whereas a mutant lacking LLO was not. Bacillus subtilis expressing either LLO or a related cytolysin, perfringolysin O (PFO), induced LC3 colocalization and LC3 lipidation. Further, LLO-containing liposomes also recruited LC3-GFP, indicating that LLO was sufficient to induce targeted autophagy in the absence of infection. The role of autophagy had variable effects depending on the cell type assayed. In atg5 2/2 mouse embryonic fibroblasts, L. monocytogenes had a primary vacuole escape defect. However, the bacteria escaped and grew normally in atg5 2/2 BMDMs. Conclusions/Significance: We propose that membrane damage, such as that caused by LLO, triggers bacterial-targeted autophagy, although autophagy does not affect the fate of wild-type intracellular L. monocytogenes in primary BMDMs. 
 Title: Listeriolysin O Is Necessary and Sufficient to Induce Autophagy during Listeria monocytogenes Infection

Ex Output:

False