In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Q: Context: Depression is a prevalent comorbidity of chronic respiratory disease (CRD), and may indicate worse clinical outcomes. The relationship between depression and living with chronic hypoxia due to CRD or residence at altitude has received little attention in resource-poor settings.', 'To investigate the association between CRD conditions and depressive symptoms in four settings in Peru.', 'We collected data on CRD and depressive symptoms in adults aged ⩾35 years. Depressive symptoms were measured according to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to assess the adjusted odds of being in a higher category of depressive symptoms as a function of CRD.', 'We analyzed data from 2953 participants (mean age 55.3 years, 49% male). The prevalence of major depressive symptoms was 19%, with significant variation according to setting. Participants with at least one CRD (OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.06-1.69) and those living at altitude (OR 1.64, 95%CI 1.10-2.43) had an increased adjusted odds of being in a higher category of depressive symptoms.\Question: Are chronic respiratory disease and high altitude associated with depressive symptoms in four diverse settings?

A: We found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, and a positive association between depressive symptoms with CRD and with living at altitude, both of which cause chronic hypoxia.
****
Q: Context: Recent work has identified deficits in dual-task gait balance control for up to 2 months after adolescent concussion; however, how resumption of preinjury physical activities affects recovery is unknown.', 'The objective of this study is to examine how return to activity (RTA) affects recovery from concussion on measures of symptom severity, cognition, and balance control during single-task and dual-task walking.', 'Nineteen adolescents with concussion who returned to preinjury activity within 2 months after injury and 19 uninjured, matched controls completed symptom inventories, computerized cognitive testing, and single-task and dual-task gait analyses. Concussion participants were assessed at five time points: within 72 h, 1 wk, 2 wk, 1 month, and 2 months postinjury. Control participants were assessed at the same time points as their matched concussion counterparts. RTA day was documented as the postinjury day in which physical activity participation was allowed. The effect of returning to physical activity was assessed by examining the percent change on each dependent variable across time before and directly after the RTA. Data were analyzed by two-way mixed effects ANOVAs.', 'After the RTA day, concussion participants significantly increased their total center-of-mass medial/lateral displacement (P = 0.009, ηp = .175) and peak velocity (P = 0.048, ηp = 0.104) during dual-task walking when compared with pre-RTA data, whereas no changes for the concussion group or between groups were detected on measures of single-task walking, forward movement, or cognition.\Question: Does return to activity after concussion affect dual-task gait balance control recovery?

A: Adolescents with concussion displayed increased center-of-mass medial/lateral displacement and velocity during dual-task walking after RTA, suggesting a regression of recovery in gait balance control. This study reinforces the need for a multifaceted approach to concussion management and continued monitoring beyond the point of clinical recovery.
****
Q: Context: Currently there is no reliable medical treatment for aortic regurgitation (AR).', 'Thirty-nine Sprague-Dawley rats underwent creation of AR or sham operation. Treated rats were assigned to early or late institution of sildenafil therapy (100\xa0mg/kg/day) for a total of 10\xa0weeks. Treatment-effects were measured by serial echocardiography, invasive hemodynamic measurements, and tissue analysis.', 'Rats assigned to early treatment developed less remodeling than untreated rats. Thus, left ventricular (LV) dilation was blunted by sildenafil with end-systolic diameter being significantly smaller (6.6\xa0±\xa00.4 vs. 7.7\xa0±\xa00.4\xa0mm, respectively, p\xa0<\xa00.05). Also, LV wall thickness was significantly decreased in treated rats compared to controls (2.23\xa0±\xa00.08 vs. 2.16\xa0±\xa00.05\xa0mm, p\xa0<\xa00.01). Fractional shortening was improved by treatment (p\xa0<\xa00.05). Myocardial fibrosis was borderline decreased by treatment (p\xa0=\xa00.09). Akt was increased in treated compared to controls (p\xa0<\xa00.05).\Question: Does sildenafil treatment attenuate ventricular remodeling in an experimental model of aortic regurgitation?

A:
Sildenafil slightly inhibits LV remodeling and improves fractional shortening in rats with AR when treatment is initiated early.
****