In this task you are expected to provide an SQL statement from an english description of what that SQL statement does. The description may include multiple steps but you should only ouput one SQL statement that accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1.

[Q]: Step 1: find the rows of circuits table for which circuitRef equals 2009.
Step 2: find the number of rows in circuits table whose rows not one of the results of step 1
[A]: SELECT Count ( * ) FROM circuits WHERE * NOT IN ( SELECT * FROM circuits WHERE circuitRef = 2009 )


[Q]: Step 1: For each row in exhibition table, find the corresponding rows in exhibition_record table.
Step 2: find Theme of the results of step 1 whose Attendance greater than 100.
Step 3: find Theme of the results of step 1 whose Attendance less than 500.
Step 4: show the rows that are in both the results of step 2 and the results of step 3
[A]: SELECT T1.Theme FROM exhibition AS T1 JOIN exhibition_record AS T2 ON T1.Exhibition_ID = T2.Exhibition_ID WHERE T2.Attendance > 100 INTERSECT SELECT T1.Theme FROM exhibition AS T1 JOIN exhibition_record AS T2 ON T1.Exhibition_ID = T2.Exhibition_ID WHERE T2.Attendance < 500


[Q]: find each value of Continent in continents table along with the number of the corresponding rows to each value
[A]:
SELECT Continent , Count ( * ) FROM continents GROUP BY Continent