In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Example Input: The chicken upper respiratory tract is the portal of entry for respiratory pathogens, such as avian influenza virus (AIV). The presence of microorganisms is sensed by pathogen recognition receptors (such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs)) of the innate immune defenses. Innate responses are essential for subsequent induction of potent adaptive immune responses, but little information is available about innate antiviral responses of the chicken trachea. We hypothesized that TLR ligands induce innate antiviral responses in the chicken trachea. Tracheal organ cultures (TOC) were used to investigate localized innate responses to TLR ligands. Expression of candidate genes, which play a role in antiviral responses, was quantified. To confirm the antiviral responses of stimulated TOC, chicken macrophages were treated with supernatants from stimulated TOC, prior to infection with AIV. The results demonstrated that TLR ligands induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons and interferon stimulated genes in the chicken trachea. In conclusion, TLR ligands induce functional antiviral responses in the chicken trachea, which may act against some pathogens, such as AIV.
Example Output: Local Innate Responses to TLR Ligands in the Chicken Trachea

Example Input: Virus infections pose significant global health challenges, especially in view of the fact that the emergence of resistant viral strains and the adverse side effects associated with prolonged use continue to slow down the application of effective antiviral therapies. This makes imperative the need for the development of safe and potent alternatives to conventional antiviral drugs. In the present scenario, nanoscale materials have emerged as novel antiviral agents for the possibilities offered by their unique chemical and physical properties. Silver nanoparticles have mainly been studied for their antimicrobial potential against bacteria, but have also proven to be active against several types of viruses including human imunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and monkey pox virus. The use of metal nanoparticles provides an interesting opportunity for novel antiviral therapies. Since metals may attack a broad range of targets in the virus there is a lower possibility to develop resistance as compared to conventional antivirals. The present review focuses on the development of methods for the production of silver nanoparticles and on their use as antiviral therapeutics against pathogenic viruses. Molecules 2011, 16 8895
Example Output: molecules Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antiviral Agents

Example Input: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is pandemic and has caused illness to many people worldwide. This review aimed to summarize and analyze the herbal formulae provided by the guidelines for their pattern identifications (PIs) and compositions of herbs to treat patients with COVID-19. Methods: We searched 7 data sources for eligible traditional medicine guidelines up to March 6, 2020 and found a total of 28 traditional medicine guidelines that provide treatment measures for COVID-19. : Of the 28 guidelines, there were 26 government-issued Chinese guidelines and 2 Korean guidelines. After standardizing the terminology of the PIs and herbal formulae, there were 8 PIs and 23 herbal formulae for the mild stage, 11 PIs and 31 herbal formulae for the moderate stage, 8 PIs and 21 herbal formulae for the severe stage, and 6 PIs and 23 herbal formulae for the recovery stage in the Chinese guidelines. In the Korean guidelines, there were 4 PIs and 15 herbal formulae for the mild stage, 3 PIs and 3 herbal formulae for the severe stage, and 2 PIs and 2 herbal formulae for the recovery stage. In the frequency analysis of herbs, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma was found to be the herb with the highest frequency of usage in the Chinese guidelines. Conclusion: This review can be used as guidance for the traditional medicine treatment of COVID-19. Clinical evidence is needed in the future to evaluate the efficacy of traditional medicine. Page 3 of 24 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Ephedrae Herba 5-10g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 5-10g, Gypsum Fibrosum 30-50g, Forsythiae Fructus 10-20g, Scutellariae Radix 5-10g, Bupleuri Radix 10-15g, Coicis Semen 10-15g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 5-10g, Poria Sclerotium 10-15g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 5-10g Ephedrae Herba 6g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 15g, Amomi Tsao-ko Fructus 6g, Arecae Semen 10g, Cicadae Periostracum 10g, Forsythiae Fructus 20g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10g, Platycodonis Radix 10g, Scutellariae Radix 15g, Coicis Semen 20g, Arctii Semen 15g, Moslae Herba 12g Huo Po Xia Ling Tang* + Yin Qiao San Agastachis Herba 15g, Perillae Folium 15g, Sojae Semen Preparatum 15g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 15g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 10g, Angelicae Decursivae Radix 15g, Bupleuri Radix 15g, Scutellariae Radix 10g, Artemisiae Annuae Herba 20g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 10g, Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 10g, Lonicerae Flos 15g, Forsythiae Fructus 15g Dampness Encumbering the Exterior and Interior Ephedrae Herba 6g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9g, Coicis Semen 18g, Amomi Fructus Rotundus 9g, Agastachis Herba 9g, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex 12g, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum alumine 9g, Poria Sclerotium 12g, Polyporus 9g, Scutellariae Radix 9g, Forsythiae Fructus 12g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6g Pathogen Invading the Stomach and Intestines No specific PI Qingfei Paidu Tang Ephedrae Herba 9g, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 6g, Armeniacae Semen Amarum 9g, Gypsum Fibrosum 15~30g, Cinnamomi Ramulus 9g, Alismatis Rhizoma 9g, Polyporus 9g, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 9g, Poria Sclerotium 15g, Bupleuri Radix16g, Scutellariae Radix 6g, Pinelliae Rhizoma 9g, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens 9g, Asteris Radix 9g, Farfare Flos 9g, Belamcandae Rhizoma 9g, Asari Herba 6g, Dioscoreae Rhizoma 12g, Aurantii Fructus 6g, Citri Unshius Pericarpium 6g, Agastachis Herba 9g
Example Output:
Journal Pre-proof Herbal medicine and pattern identification for treating COVID-19: a rapid review of guidelines Herbal medicine and pattern identification for treating COVID-19: a rapid review of guidelines