TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: In this country, the execution of Auguste Chapdelaine caused France to enter a war that began with this country's seizure of the merchant ship Arrow. A man claiming to be the younger brother of Jesus established the Heavenly Kingdom in this country, which is where the Eight Nation Alliance put down a revolt led by the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists. This country was the site of the Opium Wars and the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions. For 10 points, name this country ruled during the 19th century by the Qing Dynasty.

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: nation was defeated at Koh Chang by the French. Khana Ratsadon led a bloodless revolution in this nation, one kingdom in which compiled the Dharmashastra. A kingdom in this nation succeeded the Kingdom of Hiran and was founded by Mangrai. This nation, once home to the kingdom of Lanna, was the site of a capital founded by General Taksin at Thonburi. The collapse of the Ayutthaya in this nation preceded the ascent of the Chakri dynasty of Rama I. It was invaded by Japan during World War II to access the Malay Peninsula. It was once dominated by the monarchs of Burma. For 10 points, name this nation, once known as Siam, whose capital is Bangkok.

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: In the Huang-Minlon modification of this reaction, the process is carried out in a high boiling point solvent and the use of sealed tubes is avoided. This organic reaction entails a base catalyzed double bond migration that involves the loss of nitrogen gas before evolving the final product. In the key step, the original reactant is converted to its corresponding hydrazone before finally being converted to an alkyl group. FTP, identify this reduction reaction named after two scientists that converts ketones into alkanes.

SOLUTION:
Science