Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: An association between cow's milk hypersensitivity (CMH) and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in childhood has been reported in the past decade.", "To assess whether biopsies from the upper gastrointestinal tract of children with cow's milk sensitive GERD have a specific allergic inflammatory pattern, and to compare two different techniques for measuring inflammatory cells in gastrointestinal biopsies.", "GERD was diagnosed by means of endoscopy and oesophageal pH monitoring. Hypersensitivity to cow's milk was determined by an elimination diet and cow's milk challenge. Allergic inflammatory cells in upper gastrointestinal biopsies were identified by immunohistochemistry and their numbers were assessed by two different methods-counting the number of cells/high power field and using the computerised Cast-Grid system.", "Cow's milk sensitive GERD was identified in 10 of 17 children with severe GERD (median age, 7.8 years). Biopsies from children with endoscopic oesophagitis had significantly increased numbers of mast cells and T cells. No differences in the number of eosinophils, mast cells, or T cells were found between children with CMH and those with primary GERD. Several differences were found between the two different histological quantification methods.

Answer: 1


Question: Apical potassium channels regulate ion transport in airway epithelial cells and influence air surface liquid (ASL) hydration and mucociliary clearance (MCC). We sought to identify whether genetic variation within genes encoding airway potassium channels is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).', "Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes for selected potassium channels were derived from data generated on the Illumnia HumanHap550 BeadChip or Illumina Human610-Quad BeadChip for 828 unrelated individuals diagnosed with CRS and 5,083 unrelated healthy controls from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Statistical analysis was performed with set-based tests using PLINK, and corrected for multiple testing.", 'Set-based case control analysis revealed the gene KCNMA1 was associated with CRS in our Caucasian subset of the cohort (598 CRS cases and 3,489 controls; p\u200a=\u200a0.022, based on 10,000 permutations). In addition there was borderline evidence that the gene KCNQ5 (p\u200a=\u200a0.0704) was associated with the trait in our African American subset of the cohort (230 CRS cases and 1,594 controls). In addition to the top significant SNPs rs2917454 and rs6907229, imputation analysis uncovered additional genetic variants in KCNMA1 and in KCNQ5 that were associated with CRS.

Answer: 0


Question: To examine the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis during ischemic preconditioning (IP) upon the induction of heat-shock protein 72 (HSP72) and the size-limiting effect of the second window of protection on infarction.', 'Rabbits were subjected to either 4 cycles of 5-min long coronary artery occlusion separated by 10 min of reperfusion, or a sham operation. During this procedure, we administered 10 mg/kg of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthase) intravenously 5 min before IP followed by its continuous infusion (1.5 mg/kg/min). Twenty-four hours after IP or the sham operation, the hearts were rapidly excised for assay of HSP72 expression or were subjected to 30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion, at which point infarct size (IS) was measured.', 'Twenty-four hours after IP or the sham operation, there was no difference in heart rate or mean arterial pressure between the groups. Immunoblotting revealed an increase in HSP72 protein levels in the IP group, which was blocked by L-NAME. IS in the IP rabbits was reduced compared with controls (29.8 +/- 3.7% vs. 50.8 +/- 4.3%, P < 0.01). IS in the IP rabbits was elevated as a result of L-NAME treatment (46.0 +/- 5.1%). Administration of L-arginine reversed the effects of L-NAME on the induction of HSP72 and IS (33.5 +/- 4.0%). The intravenous administration of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (an NO donor, 15 microg/kg/min) over 20 min increased the induction of HSP72 and reduced IS (31.3 +/- 5.7%, P < 0.01 vs. control) 24 h later.

Answer:
1