instruction:
In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
question:
and as a creature of state law, bbghad may exercise a portion of the state's police power.
answer:
non-overruling


question:
no such authority is required to be shown in cases involving the forgery of a check and the contrary holding in fain v. commonwealth is overruled.
answer:
overruling


question:
to the extent deal v. madison can be read to hold that section 2(e) applies only at the option of the defendant, it conflicts with the statute and this opinion, and it is disapproved.
answer:

overruling