instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
To determine whether all-trans retinoic acid or a synthetic retinoic acid receptor-α/β-specific agonist, Am80, can reduce the degree of experimental autoimmune optic neuritis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.', 'Optic neuritis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunizing them with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55 . All-trans retinoic acid (350\u2009μg/mouse/time point) or Am80 (5\u2009mg/kg/time point) was administered every other day from day 0 to day 20. The degree of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was scored and histopathological analysis of the optic neuritis was performed on day 22 after the immunization. In vivo-primed draining lymph node cells obtained from vehicle-treated or all-trans retinoic acid-treated mice were stimulated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55 , and the culture supernatant was collected for assays of interferon-γ and interleukin-17.', 'All-trans retinoic acid treatment significantly reduced the clinical score of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and the severity of the optic neuritis by histopathological analysis. The production of interferon-γ and interleukin-17 was significantly reduced in all-trans retinoic acid-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated mice. Am80 treatment also significantly decreased the severity of the optic neuritis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
answer:
0


question:
It is still debatable whether anemia predicts stroke outcome.', 'To describe the characteristics of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and anemia and identify whether hemoglobin status on admission is a prognostic factor of AIS outcome.', 'All 2439 patients of the Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL) between January 2003 and June 2011 were selected. Demographics, risk factors, prestroke treatment, clinical, radiological and metabolic variables in patients with and without anemia according to the definition of the World Health Organization were compared. Functional disability and mortality were recorded up to 12 months from admission.', 'Anemic patients (17.5%) were older, had lower body mass index, higher rates of coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus and peripheral artery disease. Anemia was associated with more severe stroke manifestations, lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements, worse estimated glomerular filtration rate and elevated C-reactive protein concentrations upon admission and with increased modified Rankin scores during the follow-up. Anemic patients had higher 7-day, 3-month and 12-month mortality, which was associated with hemoglobin status and other factors, including age, CAD, stroke severity, and baseline C-reactive levels. Hemoglobin levels were inversely associated with recurrent stroke and mortality throughout the 12-month follow-up.
answer:
1


question:
CXC motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), known as interferon-γ-induced protein 10, is an inflammatory cytokine secreted by various cells in response to interferon-γ. CXCR3, the receptor of CXCL10, is predominantly expressed on activated T, B, natural killer, and dendritic cells, as well as macrophages. CXCR3 promotes chemotaxis upon binding CXCL10. Serum CXCL10 levels have recently attracted attention as a post-transplantation biomarker for graft rejection. However, the correlation between the degree of T cell response to allostimulation and CXCL10 levels remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the serum and bile CXCL10 levels of patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and compared them with the T cell responses to allostimulation.', 'Between February 2009 and August 2012, 41 patients underwent LDLT at Hiroshima University Hospital. Serum and bile CXCL10 levels were measured weekly for 4 weeks after surgery, while the T cell responses to allostimulation were evaluated using a mixed lymphocyte reaction with an intracellular carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-labeling technique that we regularly use to monitor the\xa0immune response to anti-donor and anti-third-party stimulation after liver transplantation. The stimulation index (SI) and CD25 expression of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in response to allostimulation were then analyzed using flow cytometry.', 'Serum CXCL10 levels were significantly correlated with the SI values for CD8+ T cells in response to both types of allostimulation. Bile CXCL10 levels were significantly correlated with CD25 expression of CD8+ T cell subsets, especially in response to anti-donor stimulation. Patients with higher bile CXCL10 levels suffered from severe acute cellular rejection that was refractory to steroid pulse.
answer:

0