Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Corticosteroid treatment affects muscle protein and glutamine metabolism. In the present study we aimed to clarify to what extent anorexia, weight loss and corticosteroids determine protein and glutamine metabolism in muscle.', 'The study was performed in Wistar rats (300-350 g, n = 40) given triamcinolone (0.25 mg/kg/day i.m.) treatment (CS group) for 14 days, sham treated free fed (FF group), sham treated pair fed (PF group) and sham treated pair weight (PW group). In vivo protein and glutamine turnover were measured using L-[2,6-3H]phenylalanine and L-[3,4-3H]glurtamine as tracer in a three compartment model across the hindquarter.', 'Corticosteroid treatment decreased total body weight to a greater extent than can be explained by decreased food intake only, justifying the need for pair weight controls. Muscle weight loss was relatively greater in the corticosteroid treated rats than in the pair weight controls indicating specific corticosteroid induced changes in muscle protein metabolism. Pair weight rats increased muscle net protein breakdown rates from -5 +/- 3 nmol x 100 g body weight(-1) x min(-1) to -15 +/- 3 nmol x 100 g body weight(-1) x min(-1) (P < 0.05 vs FF). In the corticosteroid treated rats net protein breakdown rates increased to -22 +/- 4 nmol x 100 g body weight(-1) x min(-1) (P < 0.01 CS vs FF/PF) Net protein breakdown in corticosteroid treated rats was accompanied by increased glutamine efflux from the hindquarter (P < 0.05, CS vs FF/PF/PW). The latter could predominantly be explained by de novo synthesis. Furthermore, corticosteroid treatment induced a loss of plasma to free muscle glutamine gradient indicating down regulation of glutamine membrane transport rates into muscle. This effect was, however, similar in the pair weight control group and can thus be fully accounted for by the muscle weight loss.

A: Is de novo glutamine synthesis induced by corticosteroids in vivo in rats secondary to weight loss?
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Q: Prostasomes are small (40-500 nm), granule-like bodies, found in normal epithelial cells of the prostate and secreted into the prostate duct system. Also poorly differentiated prostate cancer cells are producing prostasomes, since we could isolate and purify prostasomes from vertebral metastases with biochemical methods. To find out whether these prostasomes are secreted into extracellular sites of the metastases, we used electron microscopy.', 'Small biopsies from vertebral metastases of prostate cancer, taken directly from the operating field at surgery, were immediately fixated, embedded in plastic and processed for electron microscopy.', 'We found that prostasomes could be identified extracellularly in the interstitial tissues as well as in the cytoplasm of the metastatic cells.

A: Are prostasomes secreted from poorly differentiated cells of prostate cancer metastases?
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Q: Bone graft to reconstruct the temporomandibular joint for ankylosis patient is effective. This study used three-dimensional measurement to evaluate the effect between free coronoid process graft (CPG) and costochondral graft (CCG) in the temporomandibular joint reconstruction.', 'Patients treated with CPG or CCG from 2011 to 2014 were included in the study. Postoperative computed tomography scan data within 1 week and during at least 6 months follow-up after operation were imported into Proplan CMF 1.4 software (Materialize, Belgium) for three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement. Heights of the mandibular ramus were measured and compared between the 2 groups. Maximum mouth opening and occlusion were also evaluated and compared before and after operation.', 'Ten patients with 15 reconstructed joints were included in the study. In the CPG group, the decrease of ramus height was 5.4 mm after a mean follow-up period of 16.8 months (ranged from 6 to 22 months), whereas in the CCG group, it was 2.4 mm after a mean follow-up period of 14.4 months (ranged from 6 to 30 months). There was significant difference of ramus height decrease between the CPG group and the CCG group (P < 0.05). Maximum mouth opening was significantly increased after operation than before in both groups (P < 0.05). Open bite happened in 4 of 5 patients in the CPG group, and 1 of 5 patients in the CCG group.

A:
Do a Comparison of the Effect Between Coronoid Process Graft and Costochondral Graft in the Reconstruction of Temporomandibular Joint?
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