Generate an explanation for the given claim using the provided supporting material from the paragraph. Please consider the following points while generating an output. 1) The claim will always have supporting proof in the paragraph, and the paragraph will have a clear point of view supporting the claim. 2) There can be instances where direct correlation to the claim is not available. Make use of the sentences in the paragraph to provide a corresponding output supporting the claim. 3) The explanation should be at least one and at most twelve sentences long.

[EX Q]: Paragraph: The U.S. Forest Service’s draft risk assessment suggests that even in a best-case scenario — with social distancing followed and plenty of tests and protective equipment available — nearly two dozen firefighters could be infected with COVID-19 at a camp with hundreds of people who come in to combat a fire that burns for months. The worst-case scenario? More than 1,000 infections. “The Forest Service is diligently working with partners to assess the risk that COVID-19 presents for the 2020 fire season,” the agency said in a statement Wednesday. “It is important to understand that the figures in this report are not predictions, but rather, model possible scenarios.” The Forest Service said the document was outdated and being redone, and the newest version wasn’t yet ready to share. The AP obtained the draft from an official who has access to it and didn’t want to be named. One of the authors of the risk assessment said Tuesday that in the new version, the infection rates remain the same. But while the draft originally said the death rate among infected firefighters could reach as high as 6%, that is being revised sharply downward, to less than 2%, to reflect newer data, said Jude Bayham, an assistant professor in the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics at Colorado State University. He said the initial death rate was based on data from early in the pandemic, when testing was far more limited. Based on new data, firefighters — who are largely healthy and young — will likely fare far better if they contract COVID-19 than the general population, he said. For most people, the coronavirus causes mild or moderate symptoms, such as fever and cough that clear up in two to three weeks. For some, especially people who are older or have health problems, it can cause more severe illness, including pneumonia and death. Federal guidelines released last week reimagine how to combat wildfires to reduce the risk of firefighters getting the virus. The guidelines urge fire managers to use small crews that can have the close contact that firefighting and travel often require, while staying away from other groups. The guidelines recommend avoiding the traditional large camps and relying on military-issue ready-to-eat or bagged meals instead of catered buffet-style meals at campsites. Some fire managers also are told to take temperatures with their own touchless thermometers if possible. The guidelines say everyone should wear masks and other protective equipment when around those outside their immediate crew. Good cleaning and sanitation is recommended, as is isolating firefighters and potentially entire crews if COVID-19 is detected. A review of incident reports from wildfires so far this year show the guidelines are difficult, and sometimes impossible, to follow and could actually increase some risks to firefighters. “We have developed pinch-points that cause operational lapses in guidance that may very well get confused with policy and doctrine. This situation could result in injury — or even unwanted death — of our multiagency employees,” Greg Juvan, a fire management officer with the Idaho Panhandle National Forests, wrote in a report from a small wildfire last month. Social distancing was difficult, and firefighters found it unrealistic to meet sanitation standards for truck radios, hand tools and other gear used in the initial attack on the Idaho wildfire, Juvan said. Social distancing guidelines call for more vehicles to transport crews, but that led to congestion on the narrow roads leading to the fire. The guidelines could raise one of the greatest risks to wildland firefighters — traffic wrecks, Juvan said. Even something as basic as sanitizing vehicles proved problematic, with cleaning supplies difficult to find, the report said. In New Mexico, several agencies responded to a small wildfire last month, with some not practicing social distancing and other virus policies appearing to vary greatly, George Allalunis, a Carson National Forest engine captain, wrote in a report. For the Forest Service’s draft risk assessment, researchers created scenarios using three actual fires from 2017 and applied disease modeling. They found testing every firefighter before they started work reduced the coronavirus risk most significantly for short, high-intensity wildfires, said Bayham, the professor. But for longer, drawn-out firefights, initial testing was less important than keeping firefighters spread out in small campsites. The models showed that even with strict pre-work testing and social distancing, about 21 COVID-19 infections could be expected in a large camp like that used for a 2017 fire in Montana. In the worst-case scenario, more than 1,000 firefighters would be infected. The problem could compound as fire crews are sent to new locations over the monthslong fire season, which has largely begun. The risk assessment will be updated throughout the season, the Forest Service said. The American West could see higher-than-normal levels of wildfire this year because of drought. Claim: US report indicates broad risk of COVID-19 at wildfire camps.
[EX A]: Outbreaks of the coronavirus could sweep through large camps where crews typically stay as they fight wildfires across the U.S., according to a federal document obtained by The Associated Press, and the problem is likely to get worse the longer the fire season lasts.

[EX Q]: Paragraph: Does the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, an American bastion of serious scientific research with dozens of Nobel laureates among its alumni, really offer its over-achieving students something called a “Pirate Certificate”? That’s the claim that the History Hustle Facebook page makes in a widely-shared January 2018 meme that reads: Want to be a pirate? Massachusetts Institute of Technology awards official “Pirate Certificates” to students who complete courses in archery, pistol shooting, sailing and fencing. It’s true. Since the Fall semester of 2011, the university’s Physical Education department has been handing out physical “pirate certificates” to any student — undergraduate or graduate — who has successfully completed courses in archery, fencing, pistol/rifle shooting and sailing. The department appears to hold frequent “Pirate Induction” days; and its Facebook page shows a fairly steady stream of extremely happy-looking MIT students showing off their new pirate certificates, invariably dressed in pirate garb, some of which appears to be provided by the school for the occasion. The certificate itself is made of “faux parchment,” according to the Slice of MIT alumni blog, and has this tongue-in-cheek wording: This document certifies that the below-mentioned salty dog has fulfilled the Physical Education General Institute Requirement by completing Archery, Fencing, Pistol and Sailing [and] therefore is no longer a lily-livered landlubber. And so, MIT Physical Education Confers upon [STUDENT’S NAME] The Pirate Certificate, with all its privileges and obligations. Given at the swashbucklin’ Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Ahoy, Avast and finally, Arrrrrr! Jacob Hurwitz — a 2014 MIT graduate and proud owner of the document shown above — told us that the pirate certificate was a “legend” that had “been around” forever, with some students reputedly printing off t-shirts claiming to be pirates, after completing the four key physical education courses. “As best as I can tell,” Hurwitz told us by email, “the pirate’s license was probably a joke invented by students” before being made official by university authorities. A survey sent out to students in late 2010 shows that the pirate certificate had been requested by a “student focus group,” and that the names “pirate award” and “pirate degree” were also considered. Despite not fulfilling the criteria by completing the four physical education prerequisites, Matt Damon became the most famous recipient of the MIT pirate certificate to date, when he attended the university’s graduation ceremony in 2016 and delivered the commencement address: Claim: "MIT offers a ""pirate certificate"" to students who complete four physical education courses."
[EX A]: The prestigious university counts among its alumni Nobel laureates, leaders of science and industry, and a fleet of certified swashbucklers.

[EX Q]: Paragraph: Nelson has worn distinctive goalie uniforms of gray, pink, blue and yellow at various times in her Ute career. Those color choices are her personal expressions, just as her parents once believed about her sexual orientation. Being openly gay as a college athlete is part of Nelson’s complex story that includes a suicide attempt as a teenager in Utah County, an evolving relationship with her family and recent health issues, all while thriving as a face of Ute soccer. The senior leads the Pac-12 with 71 saves in 14 games; the Utes are 6-5-3 overall and 1-2-2 in the Pac-12, tied for seventh place. Nelson needed surgery in June to remove a piece of her jawbone after being diagnosed with osteomyelitis, a rare bone infection. The follow-up treatment required intravenous antibiotics for six weeks, and Nelson even played in a couple of games this past summer for the Utah Royals FC reserve team with a medication tube in her arm. “As far as we know, it’s all better,” she said, although some pain has resurfaced lately. When it was suggested that she has experienced a lot in her 21 years, she laughs good-naturedly. “It could seem like I’ve had a rough time, but . I’ve loved my journey, where I’ve been and what it’s put me through, because it’s made me who I am today,” she said, sitting on the sideline of Utah’s new soccer field. “I genuinely love the person that I am.” Who she is involves many labels, including her self-description of “very loving, understanding, fun, positive, happy; I love life. I’m very passionate about what I do. . People call me intense, but I don’t think I’m that intense.” Emily Ruff, her oldest sister: “Just a rad chick. . sweet and sensitive, tough and resilient.” Eric Nelson, her father, says she’s courageous, humble and kind, caring about teammates throughout the roster. Ute teammate Tavia Leachman: “Hilarious . kind of just a light to be around, just a joy. Always positive, always caring about other people before herself, very goal-oriented. . hyper-focused on the well-being of other people. That’s not something you find in a lot of people.” And she’s lived through a lot, as partly detailed in recent stories on the Utah Athletics website and in the Daily Utah Chronicle student newspaper. The Salt Lake Tribune’s subsequent interviews have covered more of her family dynamics, how her parents went from thinking she could change her sexual orientation after she initially came out to them as a college freshman to radically altering their perspective of the subject. “I’ve apologized to Carly since then, because I did my homework,” said her father, Eric, who raised four daughters with his wife, Joy, in Lindon. “I came to understand that no amount of personal choice and freedom could change orientation. God’s design includes LGBT.” What he describes as “a clear and powerful change in my paradigm” came from reading Christian woman Vicky Beeching’s book, “Undivided: Coming Out, Becoming Whole and Living Free From Shame.” Conversations with a BYU staff member, who’s openly gay and remains a fellow member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, further shaped his outlook. Carly Nelson was hospitalized in ninth grade after attempting suicide. At the time, her family was unaware of her orientation and the accompanying social pressure. “I was super oblivious to everything she was going through, growing up,” said Emily, who’s eight years older. She shares that episode in an effort to “help people realize that, yes, that’s a real issue ... because we don’t feel like we have that support, we don’t feel like we can talk about it,” she said. “We’re isolated, so the only way we feel like we get rid of our pain is to move on with our lives. . It was a very scary thing to admit, but I think a lot of people do struggle with it and it’s more of a big issue than we realize.” When she did come out to her parents, the news shook them and “created a barrier in our relationship,” Carly Nelson said. “It was really bad for two years. . Going through that really rough period of time when we weren’t speaking, just not being in each other’s lives, and to now, I think that was the barrier our relationship needed for it to come back stronger.” Eric Nelson clarifies that he and his wife never “cut her off in any way.” The parents sent encouraging text messages, invited her to family events and covered half of her expenses beyond her athletic scholarship, while hoping to develop self-reliance, he said. “I told her she was loved and would always be welcome in my home,” he said. “And I meant it then as I do now.” Yet he understands why Carly felt isolated, after he told her she could overcome her orientation by “hard work.” “Carly and I have been close throughout her life,” he said, “so for her dad to not understand the most important part of her identity would be crushing.” Her sisters were accepting, with Emily once pushing back after being urged to help Carly change. “Mom,” Emily responded, “she is normal.” Nelson’s parents now view themselves as LGBTQ advocates, hoping to help other parents understand their children’s orientations. Eric Nelson describes his research into the subject as “a great blessing to me, to learn how uninformed I was.” The family has “settled into a nice normalcy,” according to Emily, and Nelson’s teammates admire them. “It’s crazy to think how far she’s come and how hard that was for her and how it was such a battle internally and externally with the environment we’re in,” said Leachman, her teammate for four seasons. “She’s thriving; she has amazing support, amazing family, amazing friends. I’m so proud of her.” Nelson will graduate in December with a psychology degree, while also being interested in real estate development and hoping to play professional soccer. She trained with Royals goalkeeper Nicole Barnhart, labeling her a “legend.” Barnhart’s instruction helped her see the game better from the goalkeeper’s position on the field. Away from soccer, Nelson already had developed a clear vision of where she has been and where she is going. Claim: Utah soccer star overcomes challenges as openly gay athlete.
[EX A]:
Carly Nelson loves everything about her goalkeeper’s job description for the Utah women’s soccer team, including the pressure of keeping opponents from scoring, having a unique view of the field and directing the defenders in front of her. “And, of course,” she said, “wearing the different colors.”