Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: Studies that investigate the subjective benefit from a bone conduction implant (BCI) sound processor in patients with single-sided sensorineural deafness (SSD) have been limited to examining short- and mid-term benefit. In the current study, we performed a survey among 44 SSD BCI users with a median follow-up time of 50 months.', 'Forty-four experienced SSD BCI users participated in the survey, which consisted of the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit, the Single-Sided Deafness Questionnaire, the Short Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults, and a self-made user questionnaire. For patients with tinnitus, the Tinnitus Questionnaire was also completed. The results of the survey were correlated with contralateral hearing loss, age at implantation, duration of the hearing loss at the time of implantation, duration of BCI use, and the presence and burden of tinnitus.', 'In total, 86% of the patients still used their sound processor. The Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit and the Short Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults show a statistically significant overall improvement with the BCI. The Single-Sided Deafness Questionnaire and the user questionnaire showed that almost 40% of the patients reported daily use of the sound processor. However, the survey of daily use reveals benefit only in certain circumstances. Speech understanding in noisy situations is rated rather low, and 58% of all patients reported that their BCI benefit was less than expected.
Answer: The majority of the patients reported an overall improvement from using their BCI. However, the number of users decreases during a longer follow-up time and patients get less enthusiastic about the device after an extended period of use, especially in noisy situations. However, diminished satisfaction because of time-related reductions in processor function could not be ruled out.
[A]: Do long-term subjective benefit with a bone conduction implant sound processor in 44 patients with single-sided deafness?


[Q]: Context: Scutellaria barbata D.Don has been applied to treat cancers, inflammation and urinary disease. However, its antitumor mechanism still remains unclear.', 'With methylene chloride fraction of Herba Scutellariae barbatae (MCSB), apoptosis-related experiments were carried out on human U937 leukemia cells by (a) 2,3-bis[2-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl]2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay for cytotoxicity; (b) terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for morphological changes; (c) cell cycle analysis; (d) Western blot analysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3 and Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c expressions for apoptosis signaling pathway.', 'MCSB inhibited the proliferation of human U937 leukemia cells in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = approximately 10 microg/ml). MCSB dose-dependently increased the sub-G1 DNA contents by cell cycle analysis. DNA fragments indicating induction of apoptosis were observed in MCSB-treated U937 cells by TUNEL assay. Caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated while caspase-8 was intact by MCSB. Similarly, MCSB effectively cleaved PARP, increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and released the cytochrome c from mitochondria during apoptosis in U937 cells.
Answer: Our results suggest that MCSB can induce apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway.
[A]: Does methylene chloride fraction of Scutellaria barbata induce apoptosis in human U937 leukemia cells via the mitochondrial signaling pathway?


[Q]: Context: It has been suggested that anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To exert their pathologic effects, ACPAs must recruit immune effector mechanisms such as activation of the complement system. Mouse models of RA have shown that, surprisingly, arthritogenic antibodies activate the alternative pathway of complement rather than the expected classical pathway. This study was undertaken to investigate whether human anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies activate the complement system in vitro and, if so, which pathways of complement activation are used.', 'We set up novel assays to analyze complement activation by anti-CCP antibodies, using cyclic citrullinated peptide-coated plates, specific buffers, and normal and complement-deficient sera as a source of complement.', 'Anti-CCP antibodies activated complement in a dose-dependent manner via the classical pathway of complement, and, surprisingly, via the alternative pathway of complement. The lectin pathway was not activated by anti-CCP antibodies. Complement activation proceeded in vitro up to the formation of the membrane attack complex, indicating that all activation steps, including the release of C5a, took place.
Answer: Our findings indicate that anti-CCP antibodies activate the complement system in vitro via the classical and alternative pathways but not via the lectin pathway. These findings are relevant for the design of interventions aimed at inhibition of complement-mediated damage in RA.
[A]:
Do anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies from rheumatoid arthritis patients activate complement via both the classical and alternative pathways?