In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[Q]: One conflict in this country saw the Duke of Guise fight for the throne with two other men named Henry. This country signed the Evian Accords in 1962 with Algeria. In the 8th century, this was the site where Charles Martel was victorious at the Battle of Tours. This country was led by (*) Nicolas Sarkozy until the 2012 elections. For 10 points, name this country once led by Charles de Gaulle.
[A]: History


[Q]: A version of spectroscopy that is free of one form of this effect uses a standing wave to give radiation to a moving atom and is named for its two-photon transition. Due to this effect, atoms observe laser resonance leading to the phenomenon of optical molasses at its namesake cooling limit. Mossbauer spectroscopy uses this effect to modulate the energy of the incident gamma rays. An experiment that used a canal ray tube and a mirror to view light emissions was used to detect the transverse form of this effect, while its relativistic form involves changes equal to the square root of one plus beta over one minus beta. For 10 points, name this shift in the wavelength from a moving source that can be heard by an observer.
[A]: Science


[Q]: One ruler with this name had his army ambushed and defeated by the Bulgarian Vinekh at Rishki Pass. In addition to that ruler with the sobriquet "the Dung-Named," another ruler with this name saw his enemy cut off his trade routes by building the Rumelihisari and smash the walls of his capital with guns constructed by the Hungarian Orban. Another ruler with this name defeated Maxentius at Milvian Bridge, after seeing a cross in the sky and the words, "In this sign conquer." Possessed by rulers with epithets "Dragases" and "the Great", FTP, give this name shared by the last Byzantine emperor and a Roman emperor who converted to Christianity.
[A]:
History