In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[EX Q]: in bassil v. united states, 517 a.2d 714, 717 n. 5 (d.c. 1986), the court acknowledged that van arsdall effectively overruled its decision in springer.
[EX A]: overruling

[EX Q]: in any event, if they are contrary to the result we have reached, we overrule them.
[EX A]: overruling

[EX Q]: in sheppard, the fourth district court of appeal disagreed, expressly rejecting sagaert, and stating that to allow the provision's application to repayment proceedings would be an inappropriate invasion by the judiciary into the legislative arena, contrary to the constitutional mandate which separates the two respective governmental powers.
[EX A]:
overruling