In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

This man's namesake elasticity describes surface tension resistance when a surface is stretched, and can be applied to surface-tension-related mass transfer in an effect named for this man and Marangoni. For a mixture at constant temperature and pressure, the change in the chemical potential of the system can be obtained using an equation named for this man and Duhem. Another equation named for this man is used to calculate the degrees of freedom of a system depending in part on its number of components. For 10 points, name this man with a namesake phase rule and a thermodynamic quantity useful in predicting the spontaneity of a chemical reaction, his free energy.
Science

A major development of this historical event was the publication of letters written to Henry McComb. It began when Thomas Durant and other stockholders organized a company under an existing charter which soon assigned contracts to seven trustees. The reputations of congressmen James Brooks and James Patterson and Vice President Schulyer Colfax were ruined when it was revealed that they had been given stock in a company run by Oakes Ames. FTP, what was this scandal involving a scheme surrounding the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad
History

The Voluspa states that this figure and his wife lie under a grove of hot springs, and later refers to him as the brother of Byleist. This figure killed a man in the form of an otter, paying the weregild for that death with gold stolen from Andvari. This killer of Fimafeng was punished with the death of his son Narfi, whose entrails were used to bind him to a tree. This god writhes in agony as a snake drips venom on his face, which occurs whenever Sigyn has to empty the poison bowl. This god arms Hoder with a sharpened sprig of mistletoe, which is used to kill Balder. The father of Hel, for 10 points, name this trickster god of Norse mythology.

Social Science