TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
PROBLEM: Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT), a treatment for certain gastrointestinal conditions associated with dysbiosis in people, is also empirically employed in horses with colitis. This study used microbiota high-throughput sequencing to compare the fecal microbial profile of healthy horses to that of geriatric microbial transplant recipients experiencing diarrhea and tested whether FMT restores microbiota diversity. To evaluate the effect of environment and donor characteristics on the intestinal microbiota, fecal samples were collected per rectum from 15 healthy young-adult (2-12 years) and 15 geriatric (�20 years) horses. Additionally, FMT was performed for 3 consecutive days in 5 geriatric horses with diarrhea using feces from the same healthy donor. Fecal samples were collected from both donor and recipient prior to each FMT and from recipients 24 hours following the last FMT. The profile of the fecal bacterial microbiota was compared using 16S amplicon sequencing.

SOLUTION: The fecal microbiota of healthy donor horses and geriatric recipients undergoing fecal microbial transplantation for the treatment of diarrhea

PROBLEM: To investigate the efficacy of intracerebral (IC) immunization in preventing viral spread in the brain, we immunized mice with inactivated rabies virus via the subcutaneous (SC) or IC route, followed by administration of a lethal dose of rabies virus (challenge virus standard strain), directly into the brains of immunized mice. Progressive paralytic neurological signs were observed in control and 75% of SC immunized mice, whereas only 20% of IC immunized mice exhibited symptoms. Neutralizing antibody titers in blood plasma were significantly elevated in SC and IC immunized mice, with the highest levels seen in IC immunized mice. Analysis of whole brain lysates revealed a strong induction of immunoglobulin in the brains of IC immunized mice that had virus neutralizing activity. Histopathological examination of brain tissue revealed mild encephalitis and disseminated viral antigen in control and SC immunized mice, but rare in IC immunized mice. These results suggest that IC immunization induces a preventive humoral immune response against intracerebrally inoculated rabies virus. Induction of neutralizing antibody in cerebrospinal fluid represents a putative therapeutic measure for the treatment of rabid animals and humans.

SOLUTION: Intracerebral vaccination suppresses the spread of rabies virus in the mouse brain

PROBLEM: : Alcohol dependence; alcoholism; chronic alcohol exposure; alcohol and other drug effects and consequences; genetic factors; environmental factors; brain; neurobiology; translational studies; human studies; animal studies; animal models Vol. 31, No. 3, 2008 215 SOURCE: A and B from Koob, G.F., and Le Moal, M. Drug Addiction, Dysregulation of Reward, and Allostasis. Neuropsychopharmacology 24:97-129, 2001.; C from Koob G.F., Alcoholism: Allostasis and Beyond. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 27(2):232-243, 2003. NOTES: ACTH = adrenocorticotrophin; AMYG = amygdala; BNST = bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; CRF = corticotropin-releasing factor; HPC = hippocampus; NE = nore pinephine; PFC, prefrontal cortex; PIT = pituitary gland; PVN = paraventricular nucleus. JOHNSON, R.; PFEFFERBAUM, A.; HART, T.; AND KOPELL, B.S. P300 latency in chronic alcoholics and depressed patients: A preliminary report. In Karrer, R.; Cohen, J.; Tueting, P. Eds. Brain and

SOLUTION:
Translational Studies of Alcoholism Bridging the Gap