Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
--------
Question: To investigate if diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy despite long disease duration have different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status vs those with an early onset of retinopathy.', 'Retrospective, nonrandomized, masked comparative study. Type 1 diabetic patients with a disease onset before age 30 were recruited to the study. The study population consisted of two groups of diabetic patients: those with normal retinopathy course (retinopathy developed during the first 20 years of diabetes onset) (23 patients) and those with postponed retinopathy (no obvious retinopathy in spite of passing 20 years of diabetes) (19 patients). These groups were matched with regard to level of glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipid profile. A group of 23 healthy patients served as controls. HLA-DQB1 typing of blood samples was done using a polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method.', 'HLA-DQB1*0201/HLA-DQB1*0501 and HLA-DQB1*0201/HLA-DQB1*0504 haplotypes were more common among type 1 diabetic patients with normal retinopathy course than those with postponed retinopathy (26.1% vs 0.0%; p=0.019). HLA-DQB1*0301 and HLA-DQB1*0304 were less common among those diabetic patients with normal retinopathy course than those with a postponed retinopathy (63.2% vs 34.8%; p=0.067).

Answer: 1


Question: Several collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have recently been identified in gingival fibroblasts, while secreted cysteine proteinases could also participate in connective tissue destruction in periodontitis. To clarify their involvement, we examined enzyme release during collagen breakdown by cultured cytokine-stimulated fibroblasts.', 'Gingival fibroblasts were derived from four chronic periodontitis patients and cultured on collagen gels in serum-free medium for 1-4 days. Collagenolysis was measured by hydroxyproline release into the medium. Proteinases were assessed by electrophoresis and immunoblotting.', 'Adding interleukin-1beta resulted in progressive gel breakdown. This was associated particularly with a shift in MMP-1 band position from proenzyme to active enzyme and the appearance of active as well as proenzyme forms of cathepsin B. There was also partial processing of pro-MMP-13 and increased immunoreactivity for active cathepsin L. In addition, both pro-forms and active forms of MMP-8, membrane-type-1-MMP and MMP-2 were present in control and treated cultures.

Answer: 1


Question: To explore suppression of allograft vasculopathy by transfer of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).', 'The descending thoracic aortas from Lewis rats were grafted to the abdominal aortas of F344 rats, and the rats were randomized into 2 groups. A gene construct containing sequences from the adenoviral oncoprotein, the CGRP, and the enhanced green fluorescent protein was transferred into 1 group, and the sequences for the adenoviral oncoprotein and enhanced green fluorescent protein were transferred into a control group. Specimens were harvested at 4 and 8 weeks. Gene transfer was confirmed at fluorescence microscopy of frozen tissue sections, and expression was measured using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. We determined the locations and levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at immunohistochemistry and measured apoptosis.', 'The CGRP gene was expressed only in the CGRP group at 4 weeks. The vascular luminal occlusion score in the CGRP group was lower than in the control group. The apoptotic index of the CGRP group was lower than in the control group only at 4 weeks. The VCAM-1 immunohistochemistry score in the CGRP group was lower than in the control group; however, the iNOS immunohistochemistry score in the CGRP group was lower than in the control group in the intima only at 4 weeks.

Answer:
1