Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Corticosteroids are a critical component of therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but are associated with late effects, such as osteoporosis. Risk factors remain poorly defined. Because CRHR1 polymorphisms have been associated with other corticosteroid effects, our goal was to define whether CRHR1 polymorphisms predict which patients with ALL are likely to develop bone mineral deficits.', 'The mean bone mineral density z scores of 309 long-term survivors of ALL were determined by quantitative computed tomography of the trabecular lumbar spine. We analyzed whether CRHR1 genotypes, adjusted for sex, ALL treatment regimen, and weight, could predict bone density.', 'We found that three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), all in linkage disequilibrium, were associated with bone density in a sex-specific manner. Bone density was lower in males (P = .001), in nonblack patients (P < .08), in those who were not overweight (P < .001), and in those who received intensive antimetabolites and glucocorticoids (P < .001). After adjustment for these features, the G allele at the rs1876828 SNP was associated with lower z scores (P = .02) in males but tended to have the opposite association in females (P = .09).
Answer: CRHR1 polymorphisms may impact the risk of bone density deficits in patients treated with corticosteroids and antimetabolites in a sex-specific manner.
Do cRHR1 polymorphisms predict bone density in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Context: A complex network of putative molecular interactions underlies the architecture and function of cell-matrix adhesions. Most of these interactions are implicated from coimmunoprecipitation studies using expressed components, but few have been demonstrated or characterized functionally in living cells.', 'We introduce fluorescence fluctuation methods to determine, at high spatial and temporal resolution, "when" and "where" molecular complexes form and their stoichiometry in nascent adhesions (NAs). We focus on integrin-associated molecules implicated in integrin activation and in the integrin-actin linkage in NAs and show that these molecules form integrin-containing complexes hierarchically within the adhesion itself. Integrin and kindlin reside in a molecular complex as soon as adhesions are visible; talin, although also present early, associates with the integrin-kindlin complex only after NAs have formed and in response to myosin II activity. Furthermore, talin and vinculin association precedes the formation of the integrin-talin complex. Finally, α-actinin enters NAs periodically and in clusters that transiently associate with integrins. The absolute number and stoichiometry of these molecules varies among the molecules studied and changes as adhesions mature.
Answer: These observations suggest a working model for NA assembly whereby transient α-actinin-integrin complexes help nucleate NAs within the lamellipodium. Subsequently, integrin complexes containing kindlin, but not talin, emerge. Once NAs have formed, myosin II activity promotes talin association with the integrin-kindlin complex in a stoichiometry consistent with each talin molecule linking two integrin-kindlin complexes.
Do integrin-associated complexes form hierarchically with variable stoichiometry in nascent adhesions?

Context: This study was to investigate whether the expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-9 (ADAM9) is correlated with the expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), to evaluate the significance of HDGF and ADAM9 as novel molecular staging biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers and predictive biomarkers for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in surgically resected stage I NSCLC, to provide essential consistence proof to the possible novel pathway of HDGF-ADAM9 pathway.', 'Sixty-three cases of resected stage I NSCLC with mediastinal N2 lymph node dissection were immunohistochemically analyzed for HDGF and ADAM9 protein expression. Multivariate analysis and survival analysis were conducted.', "HDGF and ADAM9 were observed highly expressed in NSCLC compared with normal control lung tissues (P < 0.05). HDGF high expression cases showed significantly lower survival rate (55.6 vs. 84.7 %, P = 0.009). HDGF high expression was an independent factor of shortened survival time in resected stage I NSCLC (P = 0.015). ADAM9 high expression cases showed significantly lower survival rate (56.9 vs. 88.7 %, P = 0.015). ADAM9 high expression was an independent factor of shortened survival time in resected stage I NSCLC (P = 0.021). Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that ADAM9 expression was correlated positively and significantly with HDGF expression in 63 cases of stage I NSCLC (r = 0.547, P = 0.000).
Answer: These results clearly demonstrate that ADAM9 high expression is correlated positively and significantly with HDGF high expression, which provides essential evidence for the novel HDGF-ADAM9 pathway, through which HDGF promotes invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells; HDGF and ADAM9 are novel molecular staging biomarkers, prognostic biomarkers, which might become useful predictive biomarkers for the selection of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy treatment in surgically resected stage I NSCLC.

Are hDGF and ADAM9 novel molecular staging biomarkers , prognostic biomarkers and predictive biomarkers for adjuvant chemotherapy in surgically resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer?