Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: A significant proportion of school-aged children experience special health care needs (SCHN) and seek care from pediatricians with a wide range of condition types and severity levels. This study examines the learning pathways of children with established (already diagnosed at school entry) and emerging (teacher identified) SHCN from school entry through the elementary school years.', 'The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) is a nationally representative clustered cross-sequential sample of 2 cohorts of Australian children which commenced in May 2004. Data were analyzed from the LSAC kindergarten cohort (n\xa0=\xa04,983), as well as a subsample of 720 children for whom teachers also completed the Australian Early Development Index checklist, a measure of early childhood development at school entry that includes SHCN.', 'Latent class analysis was utilized to establish 3 academic trajectories from 4-5 to 10-11 years: high (24.3%), average (49.8%), and low (23.6%). Descriptive statistics revealed a trend for both children with established and emerging SHCN to fall into weaker performing learning pathways. Multinomial logistic regression focusing on those children with emerging SHCN confirmed this pattern of results, even after adjustment for covariates (relative risk 3.06, 95% confidence interval 1.03-9.10). Children who additionally had low socioeconomic standing were particularly at risk.
Example Output: Does learning trajectories of children with special health care need across the severity spectrum?

Example Input: Our aim was to investigate if: (a) authors of Biochemia Medica meet authorship criteria given by International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), (b) authorship violations are more frequent in submissions containing some type of scientific misconduct.', 'Self-reported authorship contributions regarding the three ICMJE criteria were analysed for all submissions to Biochemia Medica (February 2013-April 2015) which were forwarded to peer-review. To test the differences in frequencies we used Chi-squared test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.', '186 manuscripts were authored by 804 authors. All ICMJE criteria were met by 487/804 (61%) authors. The first and the last author met all the criteria more frequently than those authors in between (P<0.001). The degree to which ICMJE criteria was met for the first author did not differ between manuscripts authored by only one author and those authored by >1 author (P=0.859). In 9% of the manuscripts ICMJE criteria were not met by a single author. Authors of the 171/186 manuscripts declared that all persons qualify for authorship but only 49% of them satisfied all ICMJE criteria. Authors have failed to acknowledge contributors in 88/186 (47%) manuscripts; instead these contributors have been listed as authors without fulfilling ICMJE criteria. Authorship violation was not more common in 42 manuscripts with some type of scientific misconduct (P=0.135).
Example Output: Are iCMJE authorship criteria met in a substantial proportion of manuscripts submitted to Biochemia Medica?

Example Input: Uncontrolled intra-abdominal bleeding is a common cause of death in trauma patients in the prehospital and perioperative settings. The detrimental effects of abdominal hypertension are well studied, but the potential therapeutic use of abdominal insufflation for hemostasis has not been fully explored. We measured the effect of abdominal insufflation on blood loss and physiologic outcomes in a swine model of blunt liver injury.', 'Twenty-one anticoagulated swine (32 +/- 3 kg) were anesthesized; laparotomy was performed to localize liver anatomy and to place loose tourniquettes isolating the porta hepatis and supra/infrahepatic vena cava. A captive bolt gun was used to create a grade V hepatic laceration, producing massive parenchymal injury as well as complex tears of the middle and right hepatic veins. Animals were randomized into either control (n = 10) or abdominal insufflation at 20 cm H(2)O pressure (n = 11) groups. Crystalloid was used to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg. Arterial pressure and other physiologic variables were recorded for 20 minutes. Animals were then sacrificed and blood loss measured.', 'Blood loss was 69% lower in insufflated animals compared with controls (384 +/- 51 versus 1252 +/- 88 cc, p < 0.001). After 20 minutes, insufflated animals had significantly higher mean arterial blood pressure (32.2 +/- 4.2 versus 21.2 +/- 4.0 mm Hg) and lower total resuscitation volume (195 +/- 83 versus 1356 +/- 95 cc). Three pigs died in the control group (30%), whereas no insufflated animals died (p < 0.05).
Example Output:
Does abdominal insufflation decrease blood loss and mortality after porcine liver injury?