In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[EX Q]: Japan's Chikyu Hakken is trying to reach this region, and n-waves travel along its upper boundary. Post-perovskite forms in the bottommost part of this region, the D double prime layer. P-waves slow down and S-waves disappear past the bottom of this region, and its top features a P-wave velocity jump from approximately seven to approximately eight kilometers per second. The low velocity zone of the asthenosphere is found in the upper part of this region. It is sandwiched between the Gutenburg discontinuity and the Moho, and this layer's namesake plumes form hotspots. For 10 points, name this layer of the earth between the crust and the core.
[EX A]: Science

[EX Q]: This ruler faced a scandal when Amy Robsart, the wife of Robert Dudley, died by falling down some stairs. This ruler was dubbed a "servant of crime" and excommunicated in the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis, a response to the passage of the Second Act of Supremacy. Anthony Babington's plan to assassinate this ruler was uncovered by spymaster Francis Walsingham. This ruler ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots and sent Francis Drake to defeat the Spanish Armada. For 10 points, name this Tudor monarch, the "Virgin Queen" of England.
[EX A]: History

[EX Q]: This man lost the Battle of Tres Acequias to his rival Jose Carrera, whom he would later have executed. This ruler ordered Antonio Navarro to assassinate his other rival Manuel Rodriguez. He established a navy under the command of the Earl of Dundonald, Thomas Cochrane, though he was eventually overthrown by his chief admiral, Manuel Encalada. Early in his career, he was defeated by Mariano Osorio at the Disaster of Rancagua, leading to the Spanish reconquest of his homeland and requiring his eastern neighbor to resupply him by crossing a mountain chain. He was proclaimed Supreme Dictator after leading a decisive cavalry charge at the Battle of Chacabuco while fighting under Jose de San Martin. For ten points, name this Chilean freedom fighter of Irish descent.
[EX A]:
History