Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[EX Q]: Enhanced processing of emotional stimuli after stress exposure is reported to be associated with stress-induced cortisol. Because enhanced emotional information processing could make cognitive emotion regulation more difficult, it was hypothesized that stress-induced cortisol would be associated with non-negative interpretation generation associated with the cognitive reappraisal processes.', 'A total of 36 participants (Mean age\u2009=\u200921.3\xa0years, SD\u2009=\u20091.8) watched video clips of depression-related stressful situations before and after the administration of a stress induction task. They were then asked to generate as many non-negative interpretations as possible to reduce the depressive mood. Saliva samples were obtained before and after the stress induction task to measure change in the cortisol level.', 'Participants were allocated post-hoc to either a responder (n\u2009=\u200919) or non-responder group (n\u2009=\u200917) based on the cortisol response to the stress induction task. The number of non-negative interpretations generated following the stress induction task was reduced only in the cortisol responders. The number of post-stress non-negative interpretations was fewer in the responder group when compared by sex, baseline cortisol level, and the number of pre-stress non-negative interpretations, statistically controlled.
[EX A]: 0

[EX Q]: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-blocking agents, including etanercept and infliximab, has resulted in reductions in the radiographic progression of RA. However, the exact mechanism by which this protection occurs has not been determined. In order to add to such knowledge, we investigated the effect of anti-TNF therapy on the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) in synovial tissue.', "The expression of OPG and RANKL in synovial biopsy specimens was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Serial synovial biopsy specimens were obtained from 18 patients with RA, before and after treatment with etanercept (9 patients) or infliximab (9 patients). Biopsy specimens were evaluated by double-blind semiquantitative analysis and image analysis. The in vitro effect of TNF antagonists on the RANKL/OPG expression in osteoblasts and endothelial cells was evaluated by Western blotting. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon's signed rank test, followed by the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons of paired samples. The results of in vitro experiments were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance, with Tukey's post hoc test.", 'Treatment with both infliximab and etanercept increased the expression of OPG in synovial tissue. After 8 weeks of treatment, neither infliximab nor etanercept influenced RANKL expression. In both groups of patients, the RANKL:OPG ratio decreased following therapy. In vitro, both of the TNF antagonists mimicked the in vivo effect, inducing a decrease in the RANKL:OPG ratio in TNF-primed osteoblasts and endothelial cells.
[EX A]: 1

[EX Q]: Gait kinematics and kinetics of the knee before and after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction in patients with recurrent lateral patellar dislocation (RPD) are unknown. The purpose of this study was to measure knee kinematics and kinetics during gait before and 1\xa0year after anatomical MPFL reconstruction in patients with RPD and compare the results to healthy individuals.', 'Eleven RPD patients were treated using an anatomical MPFL reconstruction procedure. Gait analysis was conducted before and at 3, 6, and 12\xa0months after surgery. For comparison, 15 healthy volunteers with no history of orthopaedic problems in their lower limbs were included as the control group. Knee kinematics and kinetics were analysed during gait.', 'Before surgery, the internal knee extension moment in RPD patients was significantly lower than in controls (P\xa0=\xa00.025). At 3\xa0months post-operatively, there was an additional decrease in knee extension moment compared to before surgery, and so it was still significantly lower than in the control group (P\xa0<\xa00.01). One\xa0year post-operatively, knee extension moment in the RPD group was significantly increased compared to 3\xa0months post-operatively (P\xa0<\xa00.01). The knee flexion angle in the early stance phase in the RPD group at 3\xa0months post-operatively was significantly lower than that of controls (P\xa0<\xa00.01). Knee kinematics and kinetics were similar to that of controls 1\xa0year after surgery.
[EX A]:
1