Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: After ingestion of phosphatidylcholine, l-carnitine or betaine, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is formed by gut microbiota and liver enzymes. Elevated TMAO plasma levels were associated with increased cardiovascular risk and other diseases. Also betaine and choline itself were recently associated with increased cardiovascular risk.', 'A newly developed LC-HRMS method was applied to measure the plasma concentrations of TMAO, betaine and choline in a cohort of 339 patients undergoing coronary angiography for the evaluation of suspected coronary artery disease.', "Betaine concentrations in males were significantly higher than in females (42.0 vs. 35.9\xa0μmol/L; p\xa0<\xa00.001). Plasma concentrations of TMAO but not of betaine or choline were higher in patients with diabetes compared to euglycemic patients (2.39 vs. 0.980\xa0μmol/L; p\xa0=\xa00.001) as well as in patients with metabolic syndrome as compared to patients without metabolic syndrome (2.37 vs. 1.43\xa0μmol/L; p\xa0=\xa00.002). Plasma concentrations of TMAO or choline increased significantly with decreasing renal function (Spearman's rho:\xa0-0.281; p\xa0<\xa00.001). However, plasma levels of TMAO or betaine were associated with neither a history of myocardial infarction nor the angiographically assessed presence of coronary heart disease, nor incident cardiovascular events during 8 years of follow-up. Plasma levels of choline were significantly lower in patients with a history of acute myocardial infarction as compared to those without such history (10.0 vs. 10.8\xa0μmol/L; p\xa0=\xa00.045).
Answer: Plasma levels of TMAO are confounded by impaired kidney function and poor metabolic control but are not associated with the history, presence or incidence of symptoms or events of coronary heart disease.

Output: Are plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide confounded by impaired kidney function and poor metabolic control?


Input: Consider Input: Context: The normal anterior translation of the articular surface of the distal humerus with respect to the humeral diaphysis facilitates elbow flexion. We hypothesize that there is a correlation between anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface and flexion after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a fracture of the distal humerus.', 'Two independent observers evaluated 141 lateral radiographs of patients more than 6 months after fracture of the distal humerus and 155 lateral radiographs of patients without injury of the distal humerus. The distance between the most anterior point of the distal humerus articular surface, perpendicular to the humeral shaft, from the anterior border of the distal part of the humeral diaphysis, was measured on lateral radiographs as a percentage of the width of the humeral shaft.', 'The technique of measuring anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface had good intra- and interobserver reliability. The most anterior point of the distal humeral articular surface lies an average of 11.7 mm (range, 6.8 to 17.0 mm) in front of the most anterior border of the humeral shaft in normal distal humeri, which represents 62% of the humeral shaft diameter (range, 33% to 91%). There was a limited but significant correlation between flexion and anterior translation as a percentage of the humeral shaft diameter in distal humeri after fracture that was maintained in multivariable statistical models.
Answer: Using a reproducible technique for measuring anterior translation of the distal humerus, there was a correlation between anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface and elbow flexion after ORIF. Although the weakness of the correlation emphasizes that limitation of elbow flexion after ORIF of a distal humerus fracture is multifactorial, reduced anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface might be a contributing factor.

Output: Is loss of anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface associated with decreased elbow flexion?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Patients with mastocytosis and wasp venom allergy (WA) may benefit from venom immunotherapy (VIT). However, fatal insect sting reactions have been described in mastocytosis patients despite previous immunotherapy. We investigated the safety and efficacy of (rush) VIT in patients with mastocytosis and WA.', 'To investigate the safety and efficacy of (rush) VIT in patients with mastocytosis and WA.', 'We describe nine patients with cutaneous mastocytosis and WA who received VIT. Cutaneous mastocytosis was confirmed by histopathology and systemic mastocytosis was diagnosed according to World Health Organization criteria. VIT was given according to a rush protocol. Given the difference in safety and efficacy of VIT in patients with WA and honeybee venom allergy, we reviewed the literature for VIT with the focus on WA patients with mastocytosis and addressed the difference between patients with cutaneous versus systemic mastocytosis.', 'Nine patients had WA and mastocytosis, of whom six had cutaneous mastocytosis, two combined cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis and one systemic mastocytosis. All patients received rush IT with wasp venom. Most patients had only mild local side effects, with no systemic side effects during the course of VIT. One patient had a systemic reaction upon injection on one occasion, during the updosing phase, with dyspnoea and hypotension, but responded well to treatment. Immunotherapy was continued after temporary dose adjustment without problems. Two patients with a previous anaphylactic reaction were re-stung, without any systemic effects.
Answer: VIT is safe in cutaneous mastocytosis patients with WA, while caution has to be made in case of systemic mastocytosis. VIT was effective in the patients who were re-stung.


Output: Does rush immunotherapy for wasp venom allergy seem safe and effective in patients with mastocytosis?