Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Context: In dialysis patients, volume overhydration is common and is related to increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, it remains unclear whether volume overload imposes those detrimental effects through endothelial dysfunction.', 'In this cross-sectional study, 81 stable patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in a single center were recruited. Volume status was evaluated by extracellular water, assessed by bioimpedance analysis, and normalized to individual height (nECW). Endothelial function was estimated by endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and expressed as percentage change relative to baseline diameter.', 'There were 37 male and 44 female patients (mean age 61 +/- 12 years, dialysis vintage 20 +/- 23 months). FMD in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients (9.17% +/- 6.23% vs 6.31% +/- 5.01%, p < 0.05). FMD was negatively correlated with weight (r = -0.308, p < 0.01), body mass index (r = -0.242, p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.228, p < 0.05), ECW (r = -0.404, p < 0.001), and nECW (r = -0.418, p < 0.001). No correlation was found between FMD and other variables. In multiple stepwise regression analysis, calcium x phosphate product (beta = 0.422, p < 0.001), nECW (beta = -0.343, p < 0.01), and dialysis vintage (beta = -0.237, p < 0.05) were independent determinants of FMD (adjusted R(2) = 0.327 for this model).
Answer: There was independent correlation between index of volume status and FMD, and higher nECW was related to worse endothelial function. The results of this study may help us understand the underlying mechanism of volume overhydration leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients.

A: Is volume overhydration related to endothelial dysfunction in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients?
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Q: Context: To observe pharmacological difference between ultra-fine particles of six ingredient Rehmannia pill and traditional six ingredient Rehmannia pill.', 'Pharmacokinetic index was measured by death rate, and pharmacology actions were compared by anti-fatigue, hypoglycemic, clearance rate of charcoal particle, hypoxia resistance and serum hemolysin concentration experiment.', 'Dose-effection was significant and pharmacology actions were more than traditional six ingredient Rehmannia pill in six ingredient Rehmannia pill.
Answer: Ultra-fine particles of six ingredient Rehmannia pill are better than traditional six ingredient Rehmannia pill in bioavailability and pharmacology actions, and the weight of pill is reduced while efficacy is enhenced by ultra-fine particles.

A: Do [ Study on pharmacology of ultra-fine particles compound Rehmannia ]?
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Q: Context: Fracture and low bone mineral density both have strong predictive value for future fractures. The risk of future fractures can be reduced by medi-cal treatment if patients with osteoporosis are identified, for example by screening fracture patients for low bone mineral density. We suggest that these screening routines be organized at orthopedics departments and we report our experience with such a screening system.', 'We screened all patients between 50-75 years of age with a wrist, vertebral, proximal humerus, or hip fracture visiting our orthopedics department by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) using DEXA scans. After diagnosis, the patients were referred to their primary care physician for treatment.', 'Between November 1, 2002, and October 31, 2003, 239 patients were investigated and only 13% had normal BMD values. 45% of the patients were diagnosed with osteopenia and 42% with osteoporosis.
Answer: Screening of fracture patients who visit an orthopedics department appears to be an effective way of identifying individuals with low bone mineral density. The screening routines can be organized as an osteoporosis team consisting of a doctor, a nurse and a secretary at each department. Today, these patients are largely undetected and untreated--at least in our region. In our series, only 13 patients had been DEXA-scanned and were treated by antiresorptive drugs at the time of fracture.

A:
Is one fracture enough ! Experience with a prospective and consecutive osteoporosis screening program with 239 fracture patients?
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