TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
PROBLEM: To report 4 patients with Avellino corneal dystrophy (ACD) who were treated with 0.02% mitomycin C (MMC) during phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK).', 'ACD was confirmed by polymorphism of the exon region in the BIGH3 gene using polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing analysis. Three patients with recurrent ACD and 1 patient with primary ACD underwent PTK. Intraoperative 0.02% MMC was applied topically with a soaked microsponge.', 'There was no recurrence of ACD in the heterozygotes, but there were recurrences with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/30 in the 2 homozygotes.

SOLUTION: 1

PROBLEM: Genetic factors are reported to affect fracture incidence. Many groups have explored the correlation of fracture risk with ESR1 IVS1-397T>C. The observed associations, however, are largely inconsistent. This meta-analysis of data from early-released studies was performed in an effort to determine the role of IVS1-397T>C in fracture.', 'Relevant studies were searched through Pubmed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library databases. 16 studies meeting all selection criteria were finally identified. We calculated ORs with 95% CIs to assess risk of fracture. Subgroup analyses were performed by subtype, ethnicity and gender.', 'Data on 2916 cases and 19170 controls were analyzed in the meta-analysis. Overall, we found moderately decreased risk in association with IVS1-397 CC genotype (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.73-0.92; OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76-0.94). The decrease persisted in both hip fracture (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71-0.94; OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.73-0.94) and vertebral fracture (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.50-0.91; OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64-0.97; OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68-0.98) when data were stratified by subtype. We also found a significant trend of decreasing risk in relation to the CC genotype in Caucasian, male and female. All fixed-effects meta-analysis results were homogeneous.

SOLUTION: 0

PROBLEM: Exacerbation-associated uncontrolled asthma represents a major public health problem. The relationship of elevated blood eosinophils to this process needs study.', 'To determine whether a high blood eosinophil count is a risk factor for future asthma exacerbations in adult persistent asthma.', 'By using electronic pharmacy and health care data from Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 2392 patients, ages 18 to 64 years, were identified who met the Health Effectiveness Data and Information Set 2-year criteria for persistent asthma, did not manifest chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other major illnesses, and had a blood eosinophil determination in 2010. Exacerbations (primary outcome) were defined as asthma outpatient visits that required systemic corticosteroid dispensing within ±7 days or asthma emergency department visits or hospitalizations. A period of ≥8 days defined a new exacerbation. Multivariate modelling used negative binomial and Poisson regression to examine the association between a blood eosinophil count determined in 2010 and risk of exacerbations, and ≥7 short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) canisters dispensed (secondary outcome) in 2011 by adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and asthma burden.', 'The rate of asthma exacerbations in 2011 was 0.41 events per person year (95% CI, 0.37-0.45). Eosinophil count ≥400/mm(3) in 2010 was a risk factor for asthma exacerbations in 2011 (adjusted rate ratio 1.31 [95% CI, 1.07-1.60]; P = .009) and ≥7 SABA dispensed (adjusted risk ratio 1.17 [95% CI, 1.03-1.1.33]; P = .015).

SOLUTION:
1