In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``National Center for Excellence in 
Research and Development Act of 1996''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Due to the end of the Cold War, the United States has 
        not recently conducted underground nuclear testing at the 
        Department of Energy facility known as the Nevada Test Site, 
        Nevada, and the United States does not plan to conduct such 
        testing in the foreseeable future.
            (2) Because the world political situation is ever-changing 
        and dangerous, it is imperative that the United States remain 
        strong militarily and continue to be a nuclear superpower.
            (3) It is imperative that portions of the Nevada Test Site 
        be maintained in a full state of readiness to ensure the 
        capability of the nuclear arsenal of the United States.
            (4) The Nevada Test Site is in a beneficial location for 
        activities suitable for research and development of emerging 
        technologies that will be important to the United States in the 
        21st century.
            (5) Technology development carried out at the Nevada Test 
        Site should include both private-sector and military projects.
            (6) The Nevada Test Site can support the stewardship of the 
        Nation's nuclear weapons stockpile, the nonproliferation of 
        nuclear weapons, and the technological competitiveness of the 
        United States by providing the environment for nuclear and non-
        nuclear test and demonstration experiments and projects for 
        government, industry, and academia.
            (7) The Nevada Test Site can provide the infrastructure to 
        support industrial and civilian tests of environmentally 
        demanding projects and programs in addition to maintaining its 
        readiness capability in support of the nuclear arsenal.
            (8) The Nevada Test Site can support the testing and 
        demonstration of environmental clean-up technologies by 
        government and industry.
            (9) The Nevada Test Site can support the testing of 
        alternative and renewable energy sources for environmentally 
        clean and economically competitive replacements for traditional 
        fossil energy sources and uses in many parts of Nevada and in 
        the United States as a whole.
            (10) The Nevada Test Site can provide support for 
        disarmament activities such as the demonstration of rocket 
        motor destruction technology and conventional munitions 
        destruction technology.
            (11) The Nevada Test Site can support non-proliferation 
        experiments in disablement, nuclear forensics, sensors, and 
        verification and monitoring.
            (12) The Nevada Test Site can support treaty-compliant 
        experiments for stockpile stewardship purposes.
            (13) The size and remoteness of the Nevada Test Site make 
        the Nevada Test Site well-suited for a multitude of activities 
        associated with the restructuring of the United States 
        military.
            (14) The Nevada Test Site can also support non-
        proliferation, counter-proliferation, and counter-terrorism 
        activities.

SEC. 3. PURPOSES.

    It is the purpose of this Act--
            (1) to ensure full operational readiness of the underground 
        nuclear testing facilities and infrastructure of the Nevada 
        Test Site;
            (2) to ensure an appropriate level of funds for such 
        readiness to be maintained;
            (3) to create a National Test and Demonstration Center of 
        Excellence at the Nevada Test Site for the promotion of 
        disarmament, demilitarization, alternative and renewable energy 
        sources, the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, counter-
        proliferation of nuclear weapons, sensor development, and 
        environmentally sensitive technologies; and
            (4) to ensure the availability of the Nevada Test Site, 
        within appropriate restrictions, for use by private-sector 
        industries seeking to make use of the inherent qualities that 
        make the Nevada Test Site the greatest outdoor laboratory in 
        the world.

SEC. 4. MAINTENANCE OF READINESS CAPABILITY OF NEVADA TEST SITE.

    (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) In general.--The amount referred to in paragraph (2) is 
        hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy 
        for fiscal year 1995 and each fiscal year thereafter to 
        maintain the operational readiness of the underground nuclear 
        testing facilities and infrastructure of the Nevada Test Site.
            (2) Authorized amount.--The amount referred to in paragraph 
        (1) is not less than the amount appropriated to the Secretary 
        of Energy for fiscal year 1992 to maintain the operational 
        readiness of the underground nuclear testing facilities and 
        infrastructure of the Nevada Test Site.
    (b) Staffing Levels.--The Secretary of Energy shall maintain a 
staffing level at the Nevada Test Site that the Secretary considers 
sufficient to carry out activities under this Act in addition to any 
other activities conducted by the Department of Energy at the Nevada 
Test Site.
    (c) Infrastructure Assessments and Activities.--The Secretary of 
Energy, through the Nevada Test Site Operations Office, shall carry out 
any infrastructure assessments and activities necessary to accommodate 
new projects and initiatives at the Nevada Test Site.

SEC. 5. NATIONAL TEST AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER OF EXCELLENCE.

    (a) Establishment.--There is hereby established within the 
Department of Energy a National Test and Demonstration Center of 
Excellence (hereafter in this Act referred to as the ``Center''), to be 
located at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada.
    (b) Purpose.--It shall be the purpose of the Center to promote 
disarmament, demilitarization, alternative and renewable energy 
sources, the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, counter-proliferation 
of nuclear weapons, sensor development, and environmentally sensitive 
technologies.
    (c) Activities Related to Alternative and Renewable Energy 
Sources.--The Center shall carry out the following testing and 
demonstration activities that are related to alternative and renewable 
energy sources:
            (1) The characterization of solar and geothermal resources 
        at the Nevada Test Site.
            (2) The development of alternative and renewable energy 
        sources, including, as a goal of the Center, the development 
        and completion of two 100-megawatt solar power plants by the 
        year 2000.
            (3) The conduct of a National Alternative-Fueled Vehicles 
        Program, the objective of which shall be to demonstrate the 
        regional use of natural gas, electricity, and hydrogen as 
        vehicle fuels.
    (d) Activities Related to Disarmament and Demilitarization.--The 
Center shall carry out testing and demonstration activities that are 
related to changes occurring in United States military as a result of 
the end of the Cold War, including activities--
            (1) that involve the demilitarization of large rocket motor 
        and conventional ordnance;
            (2) that assist in disarmament and demilitarization, 
        generally; and
            (3) that test and demonstrate the nonmilitary application 
        of technologies and resources the military application of which 
        has decreased or otherwise changed due to disarmament and 
        demilitarization.
    (e) Activities Related to Nuclear Stockpile Stewardship.--The 
Center shall carry out testing and demonstration activities related to 
the stewardship of the nuclear stockpile of the United States. Such 
activities shall include--
            (1) the conduct of experiments that assist in monitoring 
        compliance with international agreements on the 
        nonproliferation of nuclear weapons;
            (2) the provision of support to the Department of Energy 
        nuclear weapons complex;
            (3) the conduct of programs for the Department of Energy 
        and the Department of Defense to develop simulator technologies 
        for nuclear weapons design and effects, including advanced 
        hydrodynamic simulators, inertial confinement fusion test 
        facilities, and nuclear weapons effects simulators; and
            (4) the conduct of the stockpile stewardship program 
        established pursuant to section 3138 of the National Defense 
        Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994 (107 Stat. 1946; Public 
        Law 103-160).
    (f) Activities Related to Nonproliferation.--The Center shall carry 
out experiments related to the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, 
including experiments with respect to disablement, nuclear forensics, 
sensors, and verification and monitoring.
    (g) Activities Related to Counter-Proliferation.--The Center shall 
carry out experiments related to the counter-proliferation of nuclear 
weapons.
    (h) Activities Related to Environmental Technologies.--The Center 
shall carry out testing and demonstration activities related to the 
development of environmental technologies, including--
            (1) the demonstration of technologies concerning the 
        remediation of toxic and hazardous chemicals; and
            (2) the conduct of training activities pertaining to 
        emergency response to hazardous and toxic accidents and 
        emergencies.
    (i) Other Activities.--The Center may carry out the testing and 
demonstration of any other technology which, in the determination of 
the Secretary of Energy, is appropriate for testing and demonstration 
at the Nevada Test Site.

SEC. 6. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Except as provided in section 4, there is authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary of Energy for fiscal year 1997 such sums 
as may be necessary to carry out this Act.
[EX A]: National Center for Excellence in Research and Development Act of 1996 - Authorizes appropriations to the Secretary of Energy for FY 1995 and beyond to maintain the operational readiness of the underground nuclear testing facilities and infrastructure of the Nevada Test Site. 
Establishes within the Department of Energy a national Test and Demonstration Center of Excellence at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, to implement testing and demonstration activities related to:  (1) certain alternative and renewable energy sources, including solar and geothermal energy, as well as natural gas, electricity, and hydrogen as components of a National Alternative-Fueled Vehicles Program; (2) certain changes in the U.S. military as a result of the end of the Cold War, including demilitarization and disarmament activities and the nonmilitary application of military technologies and resources; (3) stewardship of the Federal nuclear stockpile; (4) non-proliferation and counter-proliferation of nuclear weapons; and (5) development of certain environmental technologies, including technologies for remediation of toxic and hazardous chemicals, and activities pertaining to emergency response to hazardous and toxic accidents.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Pullman National Historical Park 
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds that--
            (1) in 1970, the Secretary of the Interior designated the 
        Pullman Historic District as a National Historic Landmark 
        District in 1970 because of--
                    (A) the significance of the District to the labor 
                history, social history, architecture, and urban 
                planning of the United States; and
                    (B) the pivotal role of events in the District in 
                creating the first national Labor Day holiday in the 
                world;
            (2) between 1880 and 1884 George M. Pullman, owner of the 
        Pullman Palace Car Company, built the Pullman community, which 
        was envisioned by Pullman as an industrial town that would 
        provide employees with--
                    (A) a model community; and
                    (B) suitable living conditions;
            (3) the town developed by George M. Pullman, which 
        consisted of over 1,000 buildings and homes, was awarded ``The 
        World's Most Perfect Town'' at the International Hygienic and 
        Pharmaceutical Exposition in 1896;
            (4) the Pullman factory site is a true symbol of the 
        historic struggle in the United States to achieve fair labor 
        practices for the working class, with the original factory 
        serving as the catalyst for the first industry-wide strike in 
        the United States;
            (5) in the midst of economic depression in 1894, to protest 
        unsafe conditions and reductions in pay, Pullman factory 
        workers initiated a strike that--
                    (A) when taken up as a cause by the American 
                Railway Union, crippled the entire rail industry;
                    (B) continued even in the face of a Federal 
                injunction and a showdown between laborers and Federal 
                troops that turned violent and deadly; and
                    (C) set a national example for the ability of 
                working people in the United States to change the 
                existing system in favor of more just practices for 
                protecting workers rights and safety;
            (6) following the deaths of a number of workers at the 
        hands of the United States military and United States Marshals 
        during the 1894 strike, Congress unanimously voted to approve 
        rush legislation that created a national Labor Day holiday, 
        which was signed into law by President Grover Cleveland 6 days 
        after the end of the strike;
            (7) the Pullman Palace Car Company also played an important 
        role in African-American and early civil rights history through 
        the legacy of the Pullman porters, many of whom were ex-slaves 
        were employed in a heavily discriminatory environment 
        immediately following the Civil War;
            (8) the Pullman porters, who served diligently between the 
        1870s and the 1960s, have been commended for--
                    (A) the level of service and attention to detail of 
                the Pullman porters; and
                    (B) the contributions of the Pullman porters to the 
                development of the African-American middle class;
            (9) the information, ideas, and commerce the Pullman 
        porters carried across the country while traveling on trains 
        helped to bring education and wealth to African-American 
        communities throughout the United States;
            (10) the positive role of the Pullman porters in the 
        historical image of the first-class service that was made 
        available on Pullman cars is unmistakable;
            (11) the Pullman community was the seminal home to the 
        Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which--
                    (A) was the first African-American labor union with 
                a collective bargaining agreement;
                    (B) was founded by civil rights pioneer A. Philip 
                Randolph in 1925;
                    (C) fought against discrimination and in support of 
                just labor practices; and
                    (D) helped lay the groundwork for what became the 
                great Civil Rights Movement of the 20th Century;
            (12) the Pullman community is--
                    (A) a paramount illustration of the work of 
                architect Solon Spencer Beman;
                    (B) a well-preserved example of 19th Century 
                community planning, architecture, and landscape design; 
                and
                    (C) comprised of a number of historic structures, 
                including the Administration Clock Tower Building, 
                Hotel Florence, Greenstone Church, Market Square, and 
                hundreds of units of rowhouses built for Pullman 
                workers;
            (13) the preservation of the Pullman site has been 
        threatened by--
                    (A) plans for demolition in 1960; and
                    (B) a fire in 1998, which damaged the iconic clock 
                tower and the rear erecting shops;
            (14) the diligent efforts of community organizations, 
        foundations, nonprofits, residents, the State, and units of 
        local government in the restoration and preservation of the 
        District after the 1998 fire were vital to the protection of 
        the Pullman site;
            (15) due to the historic and architectural significance of 
        the District, the District is designated as--
                    (A) a registered National Historic Landmark 
                District;
                    (B) an Illinois State Landmark; and
                    (C) a City of Chicago Landmark District; and
            (16) the preservation, enhancement, economic, and tourism 
        potential and management of the important historic and 
        architectural resources of the Park requires cooperation and 
        partnerships from among local property owners, the Federal 
        Government, the State, units of local government, the private 
        and nonprofit sectors, and the more than 100 civic 
        organizations who have expressed support for community 
        preservation through the establishment of the Pullman National 
        Historical Park.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Park.--The term ``Park'' means the Pullman National 
        Historical Park established by section 4(a).
            (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of the Interior.
            (3) State.--The term ``State'' means the State of Illinois.

SEC. 4. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PULLMAN NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK.

    (a) Establishment and Purpose.--There is established in the State a 
unit of the National Park System, to be known as the ``Pullman National 
Historical Park''--
            (1) to preserve and interpret for the benefit of future 
        generations--
                    (A) the significant labor, industrial, civil 
                rights, and social history of the Park;
                    (B) the significant architectural structures in the 
                Park; and
                    (C) the role of the Pullman community in the 
                creation of the first national Labor Day holiday in the 
                world;
            (2) to coordinate preservation, protection, and 
        interpretation efforts of the Park by the Federal Government, 
        the State, units of local government, and private and nonprofit 
        organizations; and
            (3) to coordinate appropriate management options necessary 
        to ensure the protection, preservation, and interpretation of 
        the many significant aspects of the Park.
    (b) Park Boundary.--The boundary of the Park shall be established 
by the Secretary, but shall not exceed the boundary of the 
approximately 300-acre Pullman Historic District in Chicago, which is 
between 103rd Street on the north, 115th Street on the south, Cottage 
Grove Avenue on the west, and the Norfolk & Western Rail Line on the 
east.
    (c) Inclusion of Historic Sites.--On conveyance by the State to the 
Secretary, the Park shall include--
            (1) the Pullman Factory Complex, including the Clock Tower 
        Building and rear erecting shops; and
            (2) the approximately 13 acres of land on which the 
        structures described in paragraph (1) are located.

SEC. 5. ADMINISTRATION.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall administer land within the 
boundary of the Park in accordance with--
            (1) this Act; and
            (2) the laws generally applicable to units of the National 
        Park System, including--
                    (A) the National Park Service Organic Act (16 
                U.S.C. 1 et seq.); and
                    (B) the Act of August 21, 1935 (16 U.S.C. 461 et 
                seq.).
    (b) Cooperative Agreements.--The Secretary may enter into 
cooperative agreements with the State or other public and nonpublic 
entities, under which the Secretary may identify, interpret, and 
provide assistance for the preservation of non-Federal land within the 
boundaries of the Park and at sites in close proximity to the Park but 
located outside the boundaries of the Park, including providing for 
placement of directional and interpretive signage, exhibits, and 
technology-based interpretive devices.
    (c) Acquisition of Land.--The Secretary may acquire for inclusion 
in the Park any land (including interests in land), buildings, or 
structures owned by the State or any other political, private, or 
nonprofit entity by donation, transfer, exchange, or purchase from a 
willing seller.
    (d) Management Plan.--Not later than 3 fiscal years after the date 
on which funds are first made available to carry out this Act, the 
Secretary, in consultation with the State, shall complete a general 
management plan for the Park in accordance with--
            (1) section 12(b) of the National Park System General 
        Authorities Act (16 U.S.C. 1a-7(b)); and
            (2) any other applicable laws.
    (e) Effect.--Nothing in this Act modifies any authority of the 
Federal Government to carry out Federal laws on Federal land located in 
the Park.

SEC. 6. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary 
to carry out this Act.
[EX A]: Pullman National Historical Park Act - Establishes the Pullman National Historical Park in Illinois as a unit of the National Park System to: (1) preserve and interpret for the benefit of future generations the significant labor, industrial, civil rights, and social history of the Park, the significant architectural structures in the Park, and the role of the Pullman community in the creation of the first national Labor Day holiday in the world; (2) coordinate preservation, protection, and interpretation efforts of the Park by the federal government, the state of Illinois, units of local government, and private and nonprofit organizations; and (3) coordinate appropriate management options necessary to ensure the protection, preservation, and interpretation of the many significant aspects of the Park.  Requires the Park to include: (1) the Pullman Factory Complex, including the Clock Tower Building and rear erecting shops; and (2) the approximately 13 acres of land upon which such structures are located.  Requires the Secretary of the Interior to complete a general management plan for the Park. 

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Essential Air Service Modernization 
Act of 2003''.

SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION.

    Section 41742(a)(2) is amended by striking ``$15,000,000'' and 
inserting ``$75,000,000''.

SEC. 3. TERMINATION NOTICE.

    Section 41733 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following--
    ``(f) Termination Notice.--If the Secretary decides to terminate 
basic essential service to an eligible place, the Secretary shall 
notify the affected community not less than 90 days before such service 
is to be terminated.''.

SEC. 4. JOINT PROPOSALS.

    (a) In General.--Section 41740 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following: ``The Secretary shall 
facilitate and assist in establishing negotiations between major and 
national air carriers and air carriers that provide essential air 
service to an eligible place in order to determine equitable joint 
fares.''.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 12 months after enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary shall transmit a report to Congress regarding the 
progress and effectiveness of implementation of the amendment made by 
subsection (a).

SEC. 5. COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL CHOICE PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter II of chapter 417 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 41745. Community and regional choice program
    ``(a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Transportation shall 
establish an alternate essential air service program in accordance with 
the requirements of this section.
    ``(b) Compensation to Eligible Places.--In carrying out the 
program, the Secretary, instead of paying compensation to an air 
carrier to provide essential air service to an eligible place, may pay 
compensation directly to a unit of local government having jurisdiction 
over the eligible place or a State within the boundaries of which the 
eligible place is located.
    ``(c) Use of Compensation.--A unit of local government or State 
receiving compensation for an eligible place under the program shall 
use the compensation for any of the following purposes:
            ``(1) To provide assistance to an air carrier to provide 
        scheduled air service to and from the eligible place, without 
        being subject to the requirements of 41732(b).
            ``(2) To provide assistance to a person to provide 
        scheduled or on-demand air taxi service to and from the 
eligible place and a non-hub or a small, medium, or large hub.
            ``(3) To provide assistance to a person to provide 
        scheduled or on-demand surface transportation to and from the 
        eligible place and a non-hub or a small, medium, or large hub.
            ``(4) In combination with other units of local government 
        in the same region, to provide transportation services to and 
        from all the eligible places in that region at an airport or 
        other transportation center that can serve all the eligible 
        places in that region.
    ``(d) Applications.--
            ``(1) In general.--A unit of local government or State 
        seeking to participate in the program for an eligible place 
        shall submit to the Secretary an application in such form and 
        containing such information as the Secretary may require.
            ``(2) Required information.--At a minimum, the application 
        shall include--
                    ``(A) a statement of the amount of compensation 
                required; and
                    ``(B) a description of how the compensation will be 
                used.
    ``(e) Participation Requirements.--An eligible place for which 
compensation is received under the program in a fiscal year shall not 
be eligible to receive in that fiscal year the essential air service 
that it would otherwise be entitled to under this subchapter.
    ``(f) Subsequent Participation.--A unit of local government 
participating in the program under this section in a fiscal year shall 
not be prohibited from participating in the basic essential air service 
program under this chapter in a subsequent fiscal year if such unit is 
otherwise eligible to participate in such basic program.
    ``(g) Funding.--Amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to 
carry out the essential air service program under this subchapter shall 
be available to carry out this section.
``Sec. 41746. Compensation for units of local government
    ``Of the amounts made available under section 41742(a) the 
Secretary shall pay directly to a unit of local government having 
jurisdiction over the eligible place not less than $5,000 for such 
fiscal year to promote public use of the air service or transportation 
for which compensation is being paid.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for such chapter is amended 
by inserting after the item relating to section 41744 the following:

``41745. Community and regional choice program.
``41746. Compensation for units of local government.''.
[EX A]:
Essential Air Service Modernization Act of 2003 - Increases the authorization of appropriations to carry out the essential air service program.

Requires the Secretary to: (1) notify an affected community at least 90 days before the basic essential service to that community is terminated: (2) facilitate and assist in negotiations between major and national air carriers and carriers that provide essential air service in order to determine equitable joint fares; (3) establish an alternate essential air service program which would provide compensation directly to local governments, instead of to air carriers, to use to obtain air service, to obtain surface transportation to and from air hubs, or to participate with other local governments in providing regional transportation services to airports; and (4) pay $5,000 to local governments to promote public use of air service or transportation for which compensation is received under the program.