TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: Cardinal Thomas Gibbons' defense of this organization would lead to Pope Leo XIII issuing an encylical, Rerum Novarum, supporting organizations of their kind. In contrast with its inclusive reputation, a chapter of this group was involved in the Seattle riots of 1886. Internal feuding following the failed Missouri Pacific railroad strike of 1886, and the emergence of a rival organization of skilled craftsmen, meant that by 1900, this organization was almost nonexistent. Name this labor organization that helped lobby for the Chinese Exclusion Act and, for 10 points, was founded by nine tailors in Philadelphia in 1869 and reached its peak under Terence V. Powderly.

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: Together with a Dutchman, this man is the namesake of the reverse of the Barnett effect, and he is also the namesake of a relation that states the diffusion coefficients of ions are proportional to temperature. Together with an Indian scientist, he is the namesake of a type of matter whose behavior is governed by the GrossPitaevskii equation, and a statistics for determining the distribution of bosons. He won the Nobel Prize for the law of the photoelectric effect, which he discovered in his spare time while working in the Swiss patent office. FTP name this scientist who formulated the theory of relativity and proposed that E equals mc squared.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: During his reign he built a string of forts from Rhacotis to beyond El-Alamein, suggesting trouble on the western border. In the 34th year of his reign he married the daughter of Khattushilish; this peace stands in sharp contrast to a conflict begun in the fourth year of his reign when he had to defend his vassal state Amurru. To do so, he led a force across the Orontes river before he was ambushed by forces under Muwatalli II at the battle of Kadesh. Despite the inconclusive battle against the Hittites, grandstanding accounts of his exploits appear at Abydos, the Temple of Luxor, Karnak, and Abu Simbel alongside busts of his wife, Nefertiti. For 10 points, name this nineteenth century BC pharaoh of Egypt son of Seti I.

SOLUTION:
History