In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[Q]: This man's namesake elasticity describes surface tension resistance when a surface is stretched, and can be applied to surface-tension-related mass transfer in an effect named for this man and Marangoni. For a mixture at constant temperature and pressure, the change in the chemical potential of the system can be obtained using an equation named for this man and Duhem. Another equation named for this man is used to calculate the degrees of freedom of a system depending in part on its number of components. For 10 points, name this man with a namesake phase rule and a thermodynamic quantity useful in predicting the spontaneity of a chemical reaction, his free energy.
[A]: Science


[Q]: title character of one of his operas sings of being a ruler in "Del pi sublime soglio", which sees Vitellia sing of her anger and grief in "Deh se piacer" and "Non pi di fiori. " For 10 points each: [10] Name this composer of La Clemenza di Tito and Il Re Pastore, both works with libretto by Metastasio.
[A]: Fine Arts


[Q]: He was brought up by foster parents and was subsequently educated at San Carlos College before being sent to England. He left England for Spain in 1799, but not before associating with a secret Masonic Lodge established in London by Francisco Miranda. Beginning in 1814, Royalist forces began a three-year occupation after his Chilean patriots lost at Rancagua. In 1817 at Chacabuco, along with Jose de San Martin, he led a combined force of Argentine troops and Chilean exiles in a successful effort against the Spanish and was subsequently elected interim Supreme Director of Chile. For 10 points, name this South American independence leader who had a father of Irish descent.
[A]:
History