TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question separated with a 
. You have to answer the question based on the context.
PROBLEM: Methods ::: Length Encoding Method
Inspired by BIBREF11, we use length encoding to provide the network with information about the remaining sentence length during decoding. We propose two types of length encoding: absolute and relative. Let pos and len be, respectively, a token position and the end of the sequence, both expressed in terms of number characters. Then, the absolute approach encodes the remaining length:

where $i=1,\ldots ,d/2$.

Similarly, the relative difference encodes the relative position to the end. This representation is made consistent with the absolute encoding by quantizing the space of the relative positions into a finite set of $N$ integers:

where $q_N: [0, 1] \rightarrow \lbrace 0, 1, .., N\rbrace $ is simply defined as $q_N(x) = \lfloor {x \times N}\rfloor $. As we are interested in the character length of the target sequence, len and pos are given in terms of characters, but we represent the sequence as a sequence of BPE-segmented subwords BIBREF17. To solve the ambiguity, len is the character length of the sequence, while pos is the character count of all the preceding tokens. 
 Question: How do they enrich the positional embedding with length information

SOLUTION: They introduce new trigonometric encoding which besides information about position uses additional length information (abs or relative).

PROBLEM: The third person plural pronoun `they' has no gender in English and most other languages (unlike the third person singular pronouns `he', `she', and `it').  If these sentences are translated into French, then `they' in the first sentence should be translated `elles', as referring to Jane and Susan, and `they' in the second sentence should be translated `ils', as referring to Fred and George. A couple of examples: The word `sie' in German serves as both the formal second person prounoun (always capitalized), the third person feminine singular, and the third person plural.  
 Question: What language do they explore?

SOLUTION: English French German 

PROBLEM: Each annotator annotated 90 reference sentences (i.e. from the training corpus) with which style they thought the sentence was from. The accuracy on this baseline task for annotators A1, A2, and A3 was 80%, 88%, and 80% respectively, giving us an upper expected bound on the human evaluation. 
 Question: How they perform manual evaluation, what is criteria?

SOLUTION:
accuracy