Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Obesity and its related co-morbidities such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasing dramatically worldwide. The genetic variation in Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), which is also called adiponutrin (ADPN), in residue 148 (I148M, rs738409) has been associated with NAFLD. However, the regulation and function of PNPLA3 in metabolic diseases remains unclear. Laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB) of severely obese patients reduces body weight, liver and adipose tissue inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether weight loss induced by LAGB affected PNPLA3 expression in hepatic and adipose tissue.', 'Liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were collected from 28 severely obese patients before and 6\xa0months after LAGB. PNPLA3 expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. To understand whether inflammatory stimuli regulated PNPLA3 expression, we studied the effect of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on PNPLA3 expression in human adipocytes and hepatocytes.', 'PNPLA3 was strongly expressed in the liver and clearly detectable in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese patients. Weight loss induced by LAGB of severely obese patients led to significantly increased adipose, but not hepatic, tissue expression of PNPLA3. Subcutaneous PNPLA3 expression negatively correlated with body-mass-index, fasting glucose and fasting insulin. TNFα potently suppressed PNPLA3 expression in adipocytes but not hepatocytes.

A: Does weight loss induced by bariatric surgery restore adipose tissue PNPLA3 expression?
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Q: Inadequate response of the innate immune system to bacterial antigens present in the intestinal flora may play a role in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Pattern recognition receptors such as CD14, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, and caspase-recruitment domain (CARD) 15 bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan, and their activation leads to production of inflammatory cytokines. Our aim was to evaluate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CD14, TLR4, and CARD15 are associated with the risk of NEC in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.', 'We determined the CD14 C-260T, TLR4 A +896G, C +1196T, and CARD15 G +2722C, C +2104T, 3020insC functional SNPs in dried blood samples from 118 VLBW infants (of those, 41 developed NEC) and from 146 healthy term newborns using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. We tested the association between genotype and risk of NEC.', 'No significant differences were found in the prevalence of CD14 -260T, TLR4 +896G, +1196T, and CARD15 +2722C, +2104T, 3020insC alleles between VLBW infants and healthy term newborns (P = NS). The frequencies of investigated genotypes were similar in infants with and without NEC (P = NS). Furthermore, we did not find any association between genotype and prematurity or sepsis, which are important risk factors of NEC.

A: Are genetic polymorphisms of CD14 , toll-like receptor 4 , and caspase-recruitment domain 15 associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants?
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Q: To evaluate a possible correlation between the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) in an unselected population of men presenting to a clinic, as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are highly prevalent in ageing men, and recent largely community-based epidemiological studies reported a close association between ED and LUTS.', 'This was a cross-sectional study in an unselected consecutive sample of 118 men aged >40 years attending a urology clinic; the reason for consulting was not ascertained. While in the waiting room the men were asked to participate in the study and on agreement were given the IPSS and the SHIM to complete.', 'The mean (range) age of the participants was 61.7 (45-82) years. Overall, 19 (16%) and 47 (40%) of the men reported having moderate or severe LUTS, respectively. Erectile problems were also common, the prevalence of moderate ED was 11% and complete ED 29%. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the IPSS and the SHIM was - 0.32 (P < 0.001).

A:
Are lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction highly prevalent in ageing men?
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