Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Cirrhotic patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for refractory ascites or recurrent variceal bleeding are at risk for decompensation and death. This study examined whether a new model for end stage liver disease (MELD), which incorporates serum sodium (MELDNa), is a better predictor of death or transplant after TIPS than the original MELD.', "One hundred forty-eight consecutive patients undergoing nonemergent TIPS for refractory ascites or recurrent variceal bleeding from 1997 to 2006 at a single center were evaluated retrospectively. Cox model analysis was performed with death or transplant within 6 months as the end point. The models were compared using the Harrell's C index. Recursive partitioning determined the optimal MELDNa cutoff to maximize the risk:benefit ratio of TIPS.", 'The predictive ability of MELDNa was superior to MELD, particularly in patients with low MELD scores. The C indices (95% confidence interval [CI]) for MELDNa and MELD were 0.65 (95% CI, 0.55-0.71) and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.51-0.67) using a cut-off score of 18, and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.60-0.85) and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.49-0.74) using a cut-off score of 15. Using a MELDNa >15, 22% of patients were reclassified to a higher risk with an event rate of 44% compared with 10% when the score was <or=15.

Ex Output:
1


Ex Input:
Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy patients. The lack of success with current pharmacological interventions for this patient population, highlights the importance of optimizing non-pharmacological neuromodulatory treatments such as vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Studies on the antidepressant effect of VNS in epilepsy patients may be confounded by concurrent anti-epileptic drug therapy. To date, studies in epilepsy models overcoming this problem are lacking.', 'We investigated whether VNS affects anhedonia, a key symptom of major depression, in the kainic acid rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy.', 'Anhedonia was assessed in kainic acid (KA) and saline (SAL) injected rats using the saccharin preference test (SPT). To exclude differences in taste perception, the quinine aversion test (QAT) was performed. Both groups were randomly subdivided in a VNS and a SHAM group, yielding 4 experimental arms: KA-VNS, KA-SHAM, SAL-VNS and SAL-SHAM. Both VNS groups received 2 weeks of VNS, while the SHAM groups were not stimulated. Thereafter, the SPT and QAT were repeated.', 'Saccharin preference was significantly reduced in the KA compared to the SAL rats (P\xa0<\xa00.05), without differences in quinine aversion. Two weeks of VNS significantly increased the saccharin preference in the KA-VNS group (P\xa0<\xa00.05), while it had no effect on quinine aversion. No effects of VNS or SHAM were found in the other groups.

Ex Output:
1


Ex Input:
We sought to determine whether outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vary according to CTO target vessel: left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA).', 'We evaluated the clinical and angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes of 636 patients who underwent CTO PCI at 6 high-volume centres in the United States between January 2012 and March 2014.', 'The CTO target vessel was the RCA in 387 cases (61%), LAD in 132 (21%), and LCX in 117 (18%). LCX lesions were more tortuous and RCA lesions had greater occlusion length and Japanese Chronic Total Occlusion (J-CTO) score, but were less likely to have a side branch at the proximal cap and had more developed collateral circulation. The rate of procedural success was lower in LCX CTOs (84.6%), followed by RCA (91.7%), and LAD (94.7%) CTOs (P = 0.016). Major complications tended to occur more frequently in LCX PCI (4.3% vs 1.0% for RCA vs 2.3% for LAD; P = 0.07). LCX and RCA CTO PCI required longer fluoroscopy times (45 [interquartile range (IQR), 30-74] minutes vs 45 [IQR, 21-69] minutes for RCA vs 34 [IQR, 20-60] minutes for LAD; P = 0.018) and LCX CTOs required more contrast administration (280 [IQR, 210-370] mL vs 250 [IQR, 184-350] mL for RCA and 280 [IQR, 200-400] mL for LAD).

Ex Output:

0