In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Q:  14 a trial court's sentencing decision is reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard.

A: non-overruling
****
Q: language to the contrary which we used in duehay v. acacia mutual life ins. co., infra, was unnecessary for decision in that case and is overruled.

A: overruling
****
Q: it is unclear whether this means that behdadnia made an unconditional tender of the $400,000 (or more) due under the sales agreement.

A:
non-overruling
****