In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
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Question: but an inference of a participation in a conspiracy based on presence must be accompanied by evidence that the defendant ""supported, assisted, encouraged, cooperated with, advised, or incited the principal in the commission of the crime, and that the defendant shared the criminal intent of the principal.""

Answer: non-overruling


Question: for the foregoing reasons, we overrule willis and hold that the cartwright act applies to the professions.

Answer: overruling


Question: dr. o'brien testified that banks understands he is in prison, and that he is in prison for the multiple murders.

Answer:
non-overruling