In this task, you are provided with an article about the legal acts. Your task is to generate a headline for that article.

Ex Input:
General provisions1. In accordance with the provisions of this Directive the competent authorities of the Member States shall exchange any information that may enable them to effect a correct assessment of taxes on income and on capital.2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income and on capital, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied, all taxes imposed on total income, on total capital, or on elements of income or of capital, including taxes on gains from the disposal of movable or immovable property, taxes on the amounts of wages or salaries paid by enterprises, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.3. The taxes referred to in paragraph 2 are at present, in particular:in Belgium:Impôt des personnes physiques/PersonenbelastingImpôt des sociétés/VennootschapsbelastingImpôt des personnes morales/RechtspersonenbelastingImpôt des non-résidents/Belasting der niet-verblijfhoudersin Denmark:Indkomstskaten til statenSelsskabsskatDen kommunale indkomstskatDen amtskommunale indkomstskatFolkepensionsbidrageneSømandsskattenDen særlige indkomstskatKirkeskattenFormueskatten til statenBidrag til dagpengefondenin Germany:EinkommensteuerKörperschaftsteuerVermögensteuerGewerbesteuerGrundsteuerin France:Impôt sur le revenuImpôt sur les sociétésTaxe professionnelleTaxe foncière sur les propriétés bâtiesTaxe foncière sur les propriétés non bâtiesin Ireland:Income taxCorporation taxCapital gains taxWealth tax  in Italy:Imposta sul reddito delle persone fisicheImposta sul reddito delle persone giuridicheImposta locale sui redditiin Luxembourg:Impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiquesImpôt sur le revenu des collectivitésImpôt commercial communalImpôt sur la fortuneImpôt foncierin the Netherlands:InkomstenbelastingVennootschapsbelastingVermogensbelastingin the United Kingdom:Income taxCorporation taxCapital gains taxPetroleum revenue taxDevelopment land tax4. Paragraph 1 shall also apply to any identical or similar taxes imposed subsequently, whether in addition to or in place of the taxes listed in paragraph 3. The competent authorities of the Member States shall inform one another and the Commission of the date of entry into force of such taxes.5. The expression 'competent authority' means:in Belgium:De minister van financiën or an authorized representativeLe ministre des finances or an authorized representativein Denmark:Ministeren for skatter og afgifter or an authorized representativein Germany:Der Bundesminister der Finanzen or an authorized representativein France:Le ministre de l économie or an authorized representativein Ireland:The Revenue Commissioners or their authorized representativein Italy:Il Ministro per le finanze or an authorized representativein Luxembourg:Le ministre des finances or an authorized representativein the Netherlands:De minister van financiën or an authorized representativein the United Kingdom:The Commissioners of Inland Revenue or their authorized representative Exchange on request1. The competent authority of a Member State may request the competent authority of another Member State to forward the information referred to in Article 1 (1) in a particular case. The competent authority of the requested State need not comply with the request if it appears that the competent authority of the State making the request has not exhausted its own usual sources of information, which it could have utilized, according to the circumstances, to obtain the information requested without running the risk of endangering the attainment of the sought after result.2. For the purpose of forwarding the information referred to in paragraph 1, the competent authority of the requested Member State shall arrange for the conduct of any enquiries necessary to obtain such information. Automatic exchange of informationFor categories of cases which they shall determine under the consultation procedure laid down in Article 9, the competent authorities of the Member States shall regularly exchange the information referred to in Article 1 (1) without prior request. Spontaneous exchange of information1. The competent authority of a Member State shall without prior request forward the information  referred to in Article 1 (1), of which it has knowledge, to the competent authority of any other Member State concerned, in the following circumstances:    (a) the competent authority of the one Member State has grounds for supposing that there may be a loss of tax in the other Member State;(b) a person liable to tax obtains a reduction in or an exemption from tax in the one Member State which would give rise to an increase in tax or to liability to tax in the other Member State;(c) business dealings between a person liable to tax in a Member State and a person liable to tax in another Member State are conducted through one or more countries in such a way that a saving in tax may result in one or the other Member State or in both;(d) the competent authority of a Member State has grounds for supposing that a saving of tax may result from artificial transfers of profits within groups of enterprises;(e) information forwarded to the one Member State by the competent authority of the other Member State has enabled information to be obtained which may be relevant in assessing liability to tax in the latter Member State.2. The competent authorities of the Member States may, under the consultation procedure laid down in Article 9, extend the exchange of information provided for in paragraph 1 to cases other than those specified therein.3. The competent authorities of the Member States may forward to each other in any other case, without prior request, the information referred to in Article 1 (1) of which they have knowledge. Time limit for forwarding informationThe competent authority of a Member State which, under the preceding Articles, is called upon to furnish information, shall forward it as swiftly as possible. If it encounters obstacles in furnishing the information or if it refuses to furnish the information, it shall forthwith inform the requesting authority to this effect, indicating the nature of the obstacles or the reasons for its refusal. Collaboration by officials of the State concernedFor the purpose of applying the preceding provisions, the competent authority of the Member State providing the information and the competent authority of the Member State for which the information is intended may agree, under the consultation procedure laid down in Article 9, to authorize the presence in the first Member State of officials of the tax administration of the other Member State. The details for applying this provision shall be determined under the same procedure. Provisions relating to secrecy1. All information made known to a Member State under this Directive shall be kept secret in that State in the same manner as information received under its domestic legislation.In any case, such information:    - may be made available only to the persons directly involved in the assessment of the tax or in the administrative control of this assessment,- may in addition be made known only in connection with judicial proceedings or administrative proceedings involving sanctions undertaken with a view to, or relating to, the making or reviewing the tax assessment and only to persons who are directly involved in such proceedings ; such information may, however, be disclosed during public hearings or in judgements if the competent authority of the Member State supplying the information raises no objection,- shall in no circumstances be used other than for taxation purposes or in connection with judicial proceedings or administrative proceedings involving sanctions undertaken with a view to, or in relation to, the making or reviewing the tax assessment.2. Paragraph 1 shall not oblige a Member State whose legislation or administrative practice lays down, for domestic purposes, narrower limits than those contained in the provisions of that paragraph, to provide information if the State concerned does not undertake to respect those narrower limits.3. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, the competent authorities of the Member State providing the information may permit it to be used for other purposes in the requesting State, if, under the legislation of the informing State, the information could, in similar circumstances, be used in the informing State for similar purposes.4. Where a competent authority of a Member State considers that information which it has received from the competent authority of another Member State is likely to be useful to the competent authority of a third Member State, it may transmit it to the latter competent authority with the agreement of the competent authority which supplied the information. Limits to exchange of information1. This Directive shall impose no obligation to have enquiries carried out or to provide information if the Member State, which should furnish the information, would be prevented by its laws or administrative practices from carrying out these enquiries or from collecting or using this information for its own purposes.2. The provision of information may be refused where it would lead to the disclosure of a commercial, industrial or professional secret or of a commercial process, or of information whose disclosure would be contrary to public policy.3. The competent authority of a Member State may refuse to provide information where the State concerned is unable, for practical or legal reasons, to provide similar information. Consultations1. For the purposes of the implementation of this Directive, consultations shall be held, if necessary in a Committee, between:    - the competent authorities of the Member States concerned at the request of either, in respect of bilateral questions,- the competent authorities of all the Member States and the Commission, at the request of one of those authorities or the Commission, in so far as the matters involved are not solely of bilateral interest.2. The competent authorities of the Member States may communicate directly with each other. The competent authorities of the Member States may by mutual agreement permit authorities designated by them to communicate directly with each other in specified cases or in certain categories of cases.3. Where the competent authorities make arrangements on bilateral matters covered by this Directive other than as regards individual cases, they shall as soon as possible inform the Commission thereof. The Commission shall in turn notify the competent authorities of the other Member States. 0Pooling of experienceThe Member States shall, together with the Commission, constantly monitor the cooperation procedure provided for in this Directive and shall pool their experience, especially in the field of transfer pricing within groups of enterprises, with a view to improving such cooperation and, where appropriate, drawing up a body of rules in the fields concerned. 1Applicability of wider-ranging provisions of assistanceThe foregoing provisions shall not impede the fulfilment of any wider obligations to exchange information which might flow from other legal acts. 2Final provisions1. Member States shall bring into force the necessary laws, regulations and administrative provisions in order to comply with this Directive not later than 1 January 1979 and shall forthwith communicate them to the Commission.2. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of any important provisions of  national law which they subsequently adopt in the field covered by this Directive. 3This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Ex Output:
Council Directive concerning mutual assistance by the competent authorities of the Member States in the field of direct taxation


Ex Input:
The list of issuing bodies set out in the Annex to Regulation (EEC) No 1063/69 is hereby amended to include the following:'Österreichische Hartkäse Export Ges. mbH, Innsbruck, Austria.' This Regulation shall enter into force on 1 August 1976.This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Ex Output:
Commission Regulation supplementing Commission Regulation (EEC) No 1063/69 establishing the list of bodies authorized to issue certificates pursuant to Commission Regulation (EEC) No 1062/69


Ex Input:
The Agreement in the form of an exchange of letters rectifying Annex A of Protocol No 1 to the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Republic of Finland is hereby concluded on behalf of the Community.The text of the letters is annexed to this Regulation. The President of the Council is hereby authorized to appoint the person empowered to sign the Agreement in the form of an exchange of letters referred to in Article 1 and to grant him the powers necessary for the purpose of binding the Community. This Regulation shall enter into force on the third day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities.This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Ex Output:

Regulation on the conclusion of the Agreement in the form of an exchange of letters rectifying annex A of Protocol No 1 to the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the republic of Finland