Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Patients affected by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have an increased risk of developing a second cancer. There is not a definitive explanation for this phenomenon, although some hypotheses have been postulated. The aim of the present work was to assess the presence of second cancer in untreated patients with CLL who were cytogenetically characterized, and secondly to investigate if there is a correlation between the genetics of CLL and the emergence of second cancer.', 'We performed conventional cytogenetics and Fluorescent in situ hybridization analyses in a series of 106 patients.', 'We observed that nearly 8% of cases developed second cancer, mostly epithelial tumors. The majority of them presented two common features, del(13)(q14.3) and the presence of at least two genetic alterations.
Answer: We suggest that the genetic background of CLL, particularly the presence of several genetic alterations, influences the emergence of second cancer in patients affected by CLL.

Output: Does genetics of lymphocytes influence the emergence of second cancer in chronic lymphocytic leukemia?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Ficus religiosa L. is one of the most relevant members of the family of Moraceae. It is the most sacred tree of South Asia, and it is used in traditional Ayurvedic and Unani medicine to cure respiratory disorders like cough, wheezing and asthma. Some studies were performed to investigate the anti-asthmatic potential of F. religiosa bark, leaves and fruit extracts but none of them tested their antiviral activity against viruses responsible for the exacerbation of wheezing and asthma.', 'The present study was undertaken to investigate the antiviral activity of F. religiosa L. extracts against respiratory viruses such as human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV).', 'The antiviral activity of F. religiosa L. was tested in vitro by plaque reduction and virus yield assays and the major mechanism of action was investigated by virus inactivation and time-of-addition assays.', 'F. religiosa L. methanol bark extract was the most active against HRV with an EC50 of 5.52 µg/mL. This extract likely inhibited late steps of replicative cycle. Water bark extract was the most active against RSV with an EC50 between 2.23 and 4.37 µg/mL. Partial virus inactivation and interference with virus attachment were both found to contribute to the anti-RSV activity. Replication of both viruses was inhibited in viral yield reduction assays.
Answer: The results of the present study demonstrate that F. religiosa L. is endowed with antiviral activity against RSV and HRV in vitro. Further work remains to be done to identify the active components and to assess the therapeutic potential in vivo.

Output: Do ficus religiosa L. bark extracts inhibit human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an effective immunosuppressant developed for use in organ transplantation. It specifically targets lymphocyte purine biosynthesis. However, side effects do occur. Understanding how the active metabolite of MMF, mycophenolic acid (MPA) affects the normally integrated interaction between intracellular purine and pyrimidine pathways might aid the development of improved therapeutic regimes.', 'We used a primary human T-lymphocyte model to study how preincubation with MPA (0.1-50 microM) affected normal ribonucleotide pool responses to phytohemagglutinin using radiolabeled precursors.', 'MPA not only restricted the mitogen-induced expansion of GTP pools, but actually induced a severe drop in both GTP (10% of unstimulated cells) and GDP-sugar pools, with a concomitant fall in ATP (up to 50%). These effects were concentration dependent. By contrast, uridine pools expanded whereas CTP pools remained at resting levels. These changes were confirmed by the altered incorporation of [14C]-bicarbonate and [14C]-glycine into nucleotides. Restriction of [14C]-hypoxanthine incorporation and reduction of [14C]-uridine uptake comparable to that of unstimulated cells indicated that MPA also inhibited both salvage routes of nucleotide synthesis.
Answer: MPA affects pyrimidine as well as purine responses to mitogens in T-lymphocytes, but not in an integrated way. The molecular mechanisms underlying these disproportionate changes can best be explained by MPA-related inhibition of amidophosphoribosyltransferase, catalysing the first step in purine biosynthesis. This would increase phosphoribosylpyrophosphate availability, thereby stimulating UTP biosynthesis. Such imbalances, coupled with ATP-depletion, could underlie reported side effects and might be overcome by appropriate combination therapies.


Output: Does mycophenolic acid-induced GTP depletion also affect ATP and pyrimidine synthesis in mitogen-stimulated primary human T-lymphocytes?