In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Q: sophisticated consumer” might well reach the same conclusion. In sum, particularly at this early stage, defendants cannot establish as a matter of law that Santander is a creditor exempt from the FDCPA. Thus, the motion to dismiss should be denied. TCPA Claims Defendants move to dismiss plaintiffs’ claims under the TCPA based on an exception contained in 47 C.F.R. § 64.1200(a)(2), which excepts calls to a residential line when made pursuant to an “established business relationship.” It is difficult to imagine how that exemption would apply to Letricia Hamlett, who was not a signatory to the loan, but in fairness there is at least one case that supports this odd interpretation of the law. See Santino v. NCO Fin. Sys., Inc., No. 09-CV-982, 2011 WL 754874, at *6 (W.D.N.Y. Feb. 24, 2011) (<HOLDING>); but see Watson v. NCO Group, Inc., 462 
 Holding statements: (A) holding  2254 applies to administrative proceedings (B) holding that the fourteenth amendment only applies to state action (C) holding exemption applies to nondebtor (D) holding that fourteenth amendment only applies to state action (E) holding that  1447c applies to counsel

A: (C)
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Q: for abuse of discretion, while its application of legal precepts in determining that any delay was excusable is reviewed under a plenary standard). 17 . The Melendez court issued an order granting the petition on October 15, 2002, giving the Election Division Director three weeks to make any necessary changes. 18 . See supra note 8, at 239, 919 A.2d at 1280. 19 . This Court has long recognized the importance of the elective franchise. See Maryland Green Party v. State Board of Elections, 377 Md. 127, 150, 832 A.2d 214, 228 (2003) (stating that Article 7 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights "has been held to be even more protective of rights of political participation than the provisions of the federal Constitution”); Munsell v. Hennegan, 182 Md. 15, 22, 31 A.2d 640, 644 (1943) (<HOLDING>); Kemp v. Owens, 76 Md. 235, 241, 24 A. 606, 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that the potential harm caused to uocava voters far outweighed the burden placed upon the state because of the states legally mandated obligation to provide uocava voters the ability to vote (B) recognizing the right of individuals to associate for the advancement of political beliefs and the right of qualified voters regardless of their political persuasion to cast their votes effectively (C) holding that electors should have the fullest opportunity to vote for candidates of any political party and any restrictions that are destructive of freedom of choice by voters will not be upheld (D) holding that the right to vote is fundamental (E) holding that state may not compel political party to allow nonmembers to vote in its primary elections

A: (C)
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Q: the exception for abstract ideas “is more of a problem, a problem inherent in the search for a definition of an ‘abstract idea’ that is not itself abstract”). Some guiding principles, however, have emerged from Supreme Court and Federal Circuit precedent. The courts have determined that mathematical formulas and algorithms, as well as fundamental economic principles, are abstract ideas. See Alice, 134 S.Ct. at 2356 (finding the concept of intermediated settlement, or “exchanging financial obligations between two parties using a third-party intermediary to mitigate settlement risk,” to be an abstract idea); Bilski v. Kappos, 561 U.S. 593, 611—12, 130 S.Ct. 3218, 177 L.Ed.2d 792 (2010) (finding the concept of risk hedging to be an abstract idea); Benson, 409 U.S. at 71-72, 93 S.Ct. 253 (<HOLDING>); OIP Techs., Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc., 788 
 Holding statements: (A) holding an issue must be raised to and ruled upon by the trial court in order to be preserved for review (B) holding that a mathematical algorithm must produce a useful concrete and tangible result to be patentable (C) holding that statements made in a letter to the editor regarding a psychologists behavior modification techniques were not pure opinion because the letter might reasonably be understood to imply the assertion of undisclosed facts (D) holding an algorithm for converting binarycoded decimal numerals to pure binary numerals to be patentineligible (E) holding an issue must be raised to and ruled upon by the trial court to be preserved for appellate review

A:
(D)
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