In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Twice since 1989, the northwestern coast of Maui, 
        Hawaii, has been plagued with massive blooms of the green alga, 
        Cladorphora sericea. Blooms of the red alga, Hypnea 
        musciformis, have also occurred in the area and in the Kihei 
        area.
            (2) The algal blooms have destroyed corals and other reef-
        building organisms, and have washed up on beaches and severely 
        impeded the recreational use of affected coastal areas.
            (3) The algal blooms are particularly detrimental to the 
        natural ecological balance of the near-shore reef environment.
            (4) Although the specific causes of the algal blooms are 
        uncertain, algal growth is stimulated in a proportional manner 
        by concentrations of chemicals such as fertilizers and 
        insecticides, which enter the ocean through freshwater runoff.
            (5) The Department of Health of the State of Hawaii has 
        indicated that the department does not have the resources at 
        this time to determine the cause of the algal blooms.
            (6) Extensive research will be required to determine the 
        factors that contribute to algal growth.
            (7) Potential sources of nutrients that may contribute to 
        algal growth include the near-shore disposal of sewage in 
        injection wells from the Lahaina Wastewater Treatment Plant, 
        surface runoff from agricultural lands and urban resort areas, 
        and subsurface point sources in the areas.
            (8) The long-term environmental impacts of the algal blooms 
        are unknown, but in the short term, reefs exposed to the algae 
        are being destroyed and the deterioration of the coral has 
        detrimental effects on fish and other wildlife that depend on 
        the reefs for survival.
            (9) The algal blooms are generating negative economic 
        impacts as well as negative biological impacts, as additional 
        reports indicate that the algae are decreasing the intake of 
        fish caught by local fishermen in the affected marine waters.
            (10) The Maui Algae Task Force is comprised of community 
        environmental activists and has been assembled to address the 
        problem of algal blooms.
            (11) The Maui Algae Task Force hopes to work in cooperation 
        with the Department of Health of the State of Hawaii and the 
        Environmental Protection Agency to identify and eradicate the 
        causes of the algal blooms.

SEC. 2. STUDY.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator of the Environmental Protection 
Agency (hereafter in this Act referred to as the ``Administrator'') 
shall conduct a study to--
            (1) determine the causes of recent algal blooms off the 
        northwestern coast of Maui, Hawaii; and
            (2) research alternatives for the improved management of 
        chemicals present in wastewater treatment and fresh water 
        runoff.
    (b) Study Requirements.--In carrying out the study under this 
section, the Administrator shall--
            (1) survey and monitor--
                    (A) seaweed populations and animals for which the 
                seaweed is a food source;
                    (B) surface water runoff sediments in the study 
                area; and
                    (C) inputs into the study area from subsurface 
                point sources, including any such inputs from the 
                Lahaina wastewater treatment plant; and
            (2) study the responses of--
                    (A) the seaweed populations referred to in 
                paragraph (1)(A) to different concentrations of 
                nutrients; and
                    (B) the animals referred to in paragraph (1)(A) to 
                pesticides and other biological toxins.
    (c) Equipment; Grants.--
            (1) Acquisition of equipment.--In carrying out the study 
        under this section, the Administrator is authorized to acquire 
        such monitoring and testing equipment as the Administrator 
        determines necessary.
            (2) Grants.--In carrying out the study under this section, 
        the Administrator is authorized to establish a grant program to 
        provide grants to eligible entities that submit approved 
        applications to the Administrator. The following entities may 
        submit an application to conduct study activities under this 
        section:
                    (A) The Department of Health of the State of 
                Hawaii.
                    (B) The Maui Algae Task Force.
                    (C) Appropriate Federal, State, or county 
                departments or agencies.
                    (D) Any other entity that the Administrator 
                determines to be appropriate.
    (d) Demonstration Projects.--In carrying out the study under this 
section, the Administrator is authorized to establish demonstration 
projects to identify and implement best management practices for the 
control of nonpoint source pollution from erosion and agricultural 
runoff.
    (e) Reports.--
            (1) Interim report.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall submit to 
        Congress a report that includes interim results of the study 
        conducted under this section, and such recommendations as the 
        Administrator determines to be appropriate.
            (2) Final report.--Not later than January 31, 1996, the 
        Administrator shall submit to Congress a final report that 
        summarizes the results of the study conducted under this 
        section and includes such recommendations as the Administrator 
        determines to be appropriate.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Environmental Protection Agency to carry out this 
section $500,000 for each of fiscal years 1994 and 1995.

Answer: Directs the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to study and report to the Congress on the causes of recent algal blooms off the northwestern coast of Maui, Hawaii, and to research alternatives for the improved management of chemicals present in wastewater treatment and fresh water runoff. 
Authorizes the Administrator to establish:  (1) a grant program to enable eligible entities to conduct study activities; and (2) demonstration projects to implement best management practices for the control of nonpoint source pollution from erosion and agricultural runoff. 
Authorizes appropriations.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Orphan Works Act of 2006''.

SEC. 2. LIMITATION ON REMEDIES IN CASES INVOLVING ORPHAN WORKS.

    (a) Limitation on Remedies.--Chapter 5 of title 17, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 514. Limitation on remedies in cases involving orphan works
    ``(a) Limitation on Remedies.--
            ``(1) Conditions.--Notwithstanding sections 502 through 
        505, in an action brought under this title for infringement of 
        copyright in a work, the remedies for infringement shall be 
        limited under subsection (b) if the infringer sustains the 
        burden of proving, and the court finds, that--
                    ``(A) before the infringing use of the work began, 
                the infringer, a person acting on behalf of the 
                infringer, or any person jointly and severally liable 
                with the infringer for the infringement of the work--
                            ``(i) performed and documented a reasonably 
                        diligent search in good faith to locate the 
                        owner of the infringed copyright; but
                            ``(ii) was unable to locate the owner; and
                    ``(B) the infringing use of the work provided 
                attribution, in a manner reasonable under the 
                circumstances, to the author and owner of the 
                copyright, if known with a reasonable degree of 
                certainty based on information obtained in performing 
                the reasonably diligent search.
            ``(2) Definitions; requirements for searches.--
                    ``(A) Owner of infringed copyright.--For purposes 
                of paragraph (1), the `owner' of an infringed copyright 
                in a work is the legal or beneficial owner of, or any 
                party with authority to grant or license, an exclusive 
                right under section 106 applicable to the infringement.
                    ``(B) Requirements for reasonably diligent 
                search.--(i) For purposes of paragraph (1), a search to 
                locate the owner of an infringed copyright in a work--
                            ``(I) is `reasonably diligent' only if it 
                        includes steps that are reasonable under the 
                        circumstances to locate that owner in order to 
                        obtain permission for the use of the work; and
                            ``(II) is not `reasonably diligent' solely 
                        by reference to the lack of identifying 
                        information with respect to the copyright on 
                        the copy or phonorecord of the work.
                    ``(ii) The steps referred to in clause (i)(I) shall 
                ordinarily include, at a minimum, review of the 
                information maintained by the Register of Copyrights 
                under subparagraph (C).
                    ``(iii) A reasonably diligent search includes the 
                use of reasonably available expert assistance and 
                reasonably available technology, which may include, if 
                reasonable under the circumstances, resources for which 
                a charge or subscription fee is imposed.
                    ``(C) Information to guide searches.--The Register 
                of Copyrights shall receive, maintain, and make 
                available to the public, including through the 
                Internet, information from authoritative sources, such 
                as industry guidelines, statements of best practices, 
                and other relevant documents, that is designed to 
                assist users in conducting and documenting a reasonably 
                diligent search under this subsection. Such information 
                may include--
                            ``(i) the records of the Copyright Office 
                        that are relevant to identifying and locating 
                        copyright owners;
                            ``(ii) other sources of copyright ownership 
                        information reasonably available to users;
                            ``(iii) methods to identify copyright 
                        ownership information associated with a work;
                            ``(iv) sources of reasonably available 
                        technology tools and reasonably available 
                        expert assistance; and
                            ``(v) best practices for documenting a 
                        reasonably diligent search.
    ``(b) Limitations on Remedies.--The limitations on remedies in a 
case to which subsection (a) applies are the following:
            ``(1) Monetary relief.--
                    ``(A) General rule.--Subject to subparagraph (B), 
                an award for monetary relief (including actual damages, 
                statutory damages, costs, and attorney's fees) may not 
                be made, other than an order requiring the infringer to 
                pay reasonable compensation for the use of the 
                infringed work.
                    ``(B) Exceptions.--(i) An order requiring the 
                infringer to pay reasonable compensation for the use of 
                the infringed work may not be made under subparagraph 
                (A) if--
                            ``(I) the infringement is performed without 
                        any purpose of direct or indirect commercial 
                        advantage and primarily for a charitable, 
                        religious, scholarly, or educational purpose, 
                        and
                            ``(II) the infringer ceases the 
                        infringement expeditiously after receiving 
                        notice of the claim for infringement,
                unless the copyright owner proves, and the court finds, 
                that the infringer has earned proceeds directly 
                attributable to the infringement.
                    ``(ii) If the infringer fails to negotiate in good 
                faith with the owner of the infringed work regarding 
                the amount of reasonable compensation for the use of 
                the infringed work, the court may award full costs, 
                including a reasonable attorney's fee, against the 
                infringer under section 505, subject to section 412.
            ``(2) Injunctive relief.--
                    ``(A) General rule.--Subject to subparagraph (B), 
                the court may impose injunctive relief to prevent or 
                restrain the infringing use, except that, if the 
                infringer has met the requirements of subsection (a), 
                the relief shall, to the extent practicable, account 
                for any harm that the relief would cause the infringer 
                due to its reliance on having performed a reasonably 
                diligent search under subsection (a).
                    ``(B) Special rule for new works.--In a case in 
                which the infringer recasts, transforms, adapts, or 
                integrates the infringed work with the infringer's 
                original expression in a new work of authorship, the 
                court may not, in granting injunctive relief, restrain 
                the infringer's continued preparation or use of that 
                new work, if the infringer--
                            ``(i) pays reasonable compensation to the 
                        owner of the infringed copyright for the use of 
                        the infringed work; and
                            ``(ii) provides attribution to the owner of 
                        the infringed copyright in a manner that the 
                        court determines is reasonable under the 
                        circumstances.
                    ``(C) Treatment of parties not subject to suit.--
                The limitations on remedies under this paragraph shall 
                not be available to an infringer that asserts in an 
                action under section 501(b) that neither it nor its 
                representative acting in an official capacity is 
                subject to suit in Federal court for an award of 
                damages to the copyright owner under section 504, 
                unless the court finds that such infringer has-- 
                            ``(i) complied with the requirements of 
                        subsection (a) of this section;
                            ``(ii) made a good faith offer of 
                        compensation that was rejected by the copyright 
                        owner; and
                            ``(iii) affirmed in writing its willingness 
                        to pay such compensation to the copyright owner 
                        upon the determination by the court that such 
                        compensation was reasonable under paragraph (3) 
                        of this subsection.
                    ``(D) Construction.--Nothing in subparagraph (C) 
                shall be deemed to authorize or require, and no action 
                taken pursuant to subparagraph (C) shall be deemed to 
                constitute, an award of damages by the court against 
                the infringer.
                    ``(E) Rights and privileges not waived.--No action 
                taken by an infringer pursuant to subparagraph (C) 
                shall be deemed to waive any right or privilege that, 
                as a matter of law, protects such infringer from being 
                subject to suit in Federal court for an award of 
                damages to the copyright owner under section 504.
            ``(3) Reasonable compensation.--In establishing reasonable 
        compensation under paragraph (1) or (2), the owner of the 
        infringed copyright has the burden of establishing the amount 
        on which a reasonable willing buyer and a reasonable willing 
        seller in the positions of the owner and the infringer would 
        have agreed with respect to the infringing use of the work 
        immediately before the infringement began.
    ``(c) Preservation of Other Rights, Limitations, and Defense.--This 
section does not affect any right, limitation, or defense to copyright 
infringement, including fair use, under this title. If another 
provision of this title provides for a statutory license when the 
copyright owner cannot be located, that provision applies in lieu of 
this section.
    ``(d) Copyright for Derivative Works.--Notwithstanding section 
103(a), the infringing use of a work in accordance with this section 
shall not limit or affect the copyright protection for a work that uses 
the infringed work.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 5 of 
title 17, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following new item:

``514. Limitation on remedies in cases involving orphan works''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply only to infringing uses that commence on or after June 1, 2008.

SEC. 3. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON AMENDMENTS.

    The Register of Copyrights shall, not later than December 12, 2014, 
report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate on the 
implementation and effects of the amendments made by section 2, 
including any recommendations for legislative changes that the Register 
considers appropriate.

SEC. 4. INQUIRY ON REMEDIES FOR SMALL COPYRIGHT CLAIMS.

    (a) In General.--The Register of Copyrights shall conduct an 
inquiry with respect to remedies for copyright infringement claims 
seeking limited amounts of monetary relief, including consideration of 
alternatives to disputes currently heard in the United States district 
courts. The inquiry shall cover infringement claims to which section 
514 of title 17, United States Code (as added by section 2 of this 
Act), apply, and other infringement claims under title 17, United 
States Code.
    (b) Procedures.--The Register of Copyrights shall publish notice of 
the inquiry under subsection (a), providing a period during which 
interested persons may submit comments on the inquiry, and an 
opportunity for interested persons to participate in public roundtables 
on the inquiry. The Register shall hold the public roundtables at such 
times as the Register considers appropriate.
    (c) Report to Congress.--The Register of Copyrights shall, not 
later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, prepare 
and submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate a 
report on the inquiry conducted under this section, including such 
recommendations that the Register considers appropriate.

Answer: Orphan Works Act of 2006 - Limits the remedies available in a copyright infringement action if the infringer proves that: (1) the infringer performed and documented a reasonably diligent search in good faith to locate the copyright owner before using the work, but was unable to locate the owner; and (2) the infringing use of the work provided attribution to the author and owner of the copyright, if known.

Requires the Register of Copyrights to make information available from authoritative sources to assist users in conducting and documenting a reasonably diligent search.

Permits an award of reasonable compensation for the use of the infringed work, except if: (1) the infringement is performed without any commercial advantage and for primarily a charitable, religious, scholarly, or educational purpose; and (2) the infringer ceases the infringement expeditiously after receiving notice of the claim for infringement.

Allows the court to impose injunctive relief to prevent or restrain the infringing use, but such relief shall account for harm caused to the infringer due to reliance on having performed a reasonably diligent search. Prohibits the court from imposing injunctive relief that restrains the continued preparation or use of a new work that recasts, transforms, adapts, or integrates the infringed work with the infringer's original expression in a new work of authorship if the infringer pays reasonable compensation and provides attribution to the copyright owner.

Requires the Register of Copyrights to conduct an inquiry with respect to remedies for copyright infringement claims seeking limited amounts of monetary relief, including consideration of alternatives to disputes currently heard in the U.S. district courts.


Question: SECTION 1. ESTATE TAX VALUATION OF CERTAIN HISTORIC PROPERTY.

    (a) In General.--Part III of subchapter A of chapter 11 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to gross estate) is amended by 
inserting after section 2032A the following new section:

``SEC. 2032B. VALUATION OF CERTAIN HISTORIC PROPERTY.

    ``(a) Value Based on Net Earnings of Historic Property.--If--
            ``(1) the decedent was (at the time of his death) a citizen 
        or resident of the United States, and
            ``(2) the executor executes an agreement which meets the 
        requirements of subsection (c),
then, for the purposes of this chapter, the value of qualified historic 
property shall be based on the net earnings (as defined in subsection 
(b)(3)) derived from such property.
    ``(b) Definitions and Special Rules.--For purposes of this 
section--
            ``(1) Qualified historic property.--The term `qualified 
        historic property' means--
                    ``(A) any building (and its structural 
                components)--
                            ``(i) which is designated as a National 
                        Historic Landmark under section 101 of the 
                        National Historic Preservation Act at the time 
                        of the decedent's death and for a continuous 
                        period of at least 25 years prior to the 
                        decedent's death, and
                            ``(ii) which was originally used for 
                        residential or farming purposes,
                    ``(B) any other real property to the extent 
                reasonably necessary for ingress, egress, public 
                enjoyment, and visitation of the property described in 
                subparagraph (A) (but not including any real property 
                used primarily for the sale, production, or 
                manufacturing of products or for lodging purposes), and
                    ``(C) personal property included within, or 
                associated with, property described in subparagraph (A) 
                or (B) if such personal property--
                            ``(i) is held by the decedent holding such 
                        building,
                            ``(ii) has been so included within, or 
                        associated with, such property so described 
                        throughout the 25-year period ending on the 
                        date of the decedent's death, and
                            ``(iii) is covered by the agreement 
                        referred to in subsection (a)(2) which covers 
                        such building,
        owned by the decedent throughout the 25-year period ending on 
        the date of the decedent's death.
            ``(2) Treatment of historic property held by a 
        corporation.--In the case of a corporation all of the stock in 
        which was held on the date of the decedent's death by the 
        decedent or members of the decedent's family (as defined in 
        section 2032A(e)(2))--
                    ``(A) stock in such corporation shall be treated 
                for purposes of this section as qualified historic 
                property to the extent that the value of such stock is 
                attributable to qualified historic property held by 
                such corporation, but
                    ``(B) the requirements of subsection (c) shall be 
                met only if each member of the decedent's family 
                holding such stock on such date signs the agreement 
                referred to in subsection (a)(2).
            ``(3) Net earnings.--The term `net earnings' means income 
        derived from qualified historic property (determined without 
        regard to any interest, depreciation, or tax expense) times 7.
            ``(4) Determination of time periods.--In determining the 
        period for which the decedent has held any property or stock, 
        there shall be included the period for which such property or 
        stock was held by members of the decedent's family (as defined 
        in section 2032A(e)(2)).
    ``(c) Requirements for Agreement.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of subsection (a)(2), an 
        agreement meets the requirements of this subsection if--
                    ``(A) such agreement is a written agreement signed 
                by each person in being who has an interest (whether or 
                not in possession) in the building described in 
                subsection (b)(1)(A),
                    ``(B) such agreement provides that the only 
                activities carried on at such building are activities 
                which are substantially related (aside from the need 
                for income or funds or the use made of the profits 
                derived) to--
                            ``(i) the public visitation of such 
                        building and the property described in 
                        subsection (b)(1)(B) with respect to such 
                        property), and
                            ``(ii) the maintenance and preservation of 
                        such building and property for such public 
                        visitation, and
                    ``(C) such agreement provides that such building 
                will be open to the public for a period of at least 25 
                years beginning on the date on which the return of the 
                tax imposed by this chapter is filed.
            ``(2) Open to the public.--For the purposes of paragraph 
        (1)(C)--
                    ``(A) a property shall be treated as being open to 
                the public for any year if--
                            ``(i) a substantial portion of the property 
                        is open for public visitation for at least 8 
                        hours per day and 6 days per week during at 
                        least any 40 weeks of such year,
                            ``(ii) the executor notifies the State 
                        historic agency that the property is open and 
                        available for public visitation,
                            ``(iii) public access to the property is 
                        achievable without undue and deliberate 
                        difficulty or cost purposely intended to 
                        discourage the visitation of the property,
                            ``(iv) 1 or more of the signatories to the 
                        agreement or professional or trained volunteer 
                        staff representing such signatories are 
                        available to facilitate the visitation of the 
                        property through at least 2 methods and 
                        practices common to the tourism industry, 
                        including telephone, website, mailing address, 
                        or ticket booth, and
                            ``(v) there is an ongoing effort to ensure 
                        the general public is aware that the property 
                        is available for visitation, and
                    ``(B) the 25-year period referred to in such 
                paragraph shall be suspended during reasonable periods 
                of renovation.
        Communication under subparagraph (A)(v) shall not necessarily 
        require expenditure of monies for advertising, but should 
        include periodic contact with groups such as State and local 
        historic agencies and tourism boards.
    ``(d) Tax Treatment of Dispositions and Failure To Comply With 
Agreement.--
            ``(1) Imposition of additional estate tax.--If, during the 
        25-year period referred to in subsection (c)(1)(C)--
                    ``(A) any person signing the written agreement 
                referred to in subsection (a)(2) disposes of any 
                interest in the building subject to such agreement, or
                    ``(B) there is a violation of any provision of such 
                agreement (as determined under regulations prescribed 
                by the Secretary),
        then there is hereby imposed an additional estate tax.
            ``(2) Exception for certain transferees who agree to be 
        bound by agreement.--No tax shall be imposed under paragraph 
        (1) by reason of any disposition if the person acquiring such 
        interest--
                    ``(A) is a qualified organization (as defined in 
                section 170 (b)(1)(A)) or is a member of the family (as 
                defined in section 2032A(e)(2)) of the person disposing 
                of such interest, and
                    ``(B) agrees to be bound by the agreement referred 
                to in subsection (a)(2) and to be liable for any tax 
                under this subsection in the same manner as the person 
                disposing of such interest.
            ``(3) Amount of additional tax.--The amount of the 
        additional tax imposed by paragraph (1) with respect to any 
        property shall be an amount equal to the excess of--
                    ``(A) what would (but for subsection (a)) have been 
                the tax imposed by section 2001 (reduced by the credits 
                allowable), over
                    ``(B) the tax imposed by section 2001 (as so 
                reduced).
            ``(4) Due date.--The additional tax imposed by this 
        subsection shall be due and payable on the day which is 9 
        months after the date of the disposition or violation referred 
        to in paragraph (1).
            ``(5) Liability for tax.--Any person signing the agreement 
        referred to in subsection (a)(2) (other than the executor) 
        shall be personally liable for the additional tax imposed by 
        this subsection. If more than 1 person is liable under this 
        subsection, all such persons shall be jointly and severally 
        liable.
            ``(6) Certain other rules to apply.--Rules similar to the 
        rules of sections 1016(c), 2013(f), and 2032A(f) shall apply 
        for purposes of this subsection.''.
    (b) Coordination With Gift Tax.--Section 2512 of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to valuation of gifts) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(c) For the purposes of this chapter, the value of qualified 
historic property (as defined in section 2032B(b)(1)) transferred for 
less than an adequate and full consideration shall be valued under 
section 2032B.''.
    (c) Technical Amendments.--
            (1) Subparagraph (A) of section 2056A(b)(10) of the 
        Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting 
        ``2032B,'' after ``2032A,''.
            (2) The table of sections for part III of subchapter A of 
        chapter 11 of such Code is amended by inserting after the item 
        relating to section 2032A the following new item:

``Sec. 2032B. Valuation of certain historic property.''.
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply with respect to the estates of decedents dying after the date of 
the enactment of this Act. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, for 
the purposes of section 901 of the Economic Growth and Tax 
Reconciliation Act of 2001, the amendments made by this section shall 
be treated as being enacted before the date of the enactment of such 
Act.

Answer:
Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow decedent estates to base the value of qualified historic property on the net earnings of such property for estate and gift tax purposes. Defines "qualified historic property" as any building designated as a national historic landmark for at least 25 years prior to the death of a decedent and originally used for residential or farming purposes.