Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: Methionine sulfoxide reduction is an important protein repair pathway that protects against oxidative stress, controls protein function and has a role in regulation of aging. There are two enzymes that reduce stereospecifically oxidized methionine residues: MsrA (methionine-S-sulfoxide reductase) and MsrB (methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase). In many organisms, these enzymes are targeted to various cellular compartments. In mammals, a single MsrA gene is known, however, its product is present in cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria. In contrast, three mammalian MsrB genes have been identified whose products are located in different cellular compartments.', 'In the present study, we identified and characterized alternatively spliced forms of mammalian MsrA. In addition to the previously known variant containing an N-terminal mitochondrial signal peptide and distributed between mitochondria and cytosol, a second mouse and human form was detected in silico. This form, MsrA(S), was generated using an alternative first exon. MsrA(S) was enzymatically active and was present in cytosol and nucleus in transfected cells, but occurred below detection limits in tested mouse tissues. The third alternative form lacked the active site and could not be functional. In addition, we found that mitochondrial and cytosolic forms of both MsrA and MsrB in Drosophila could be generated by alternative first exon splicing.

Answer: 0


Question: Triterpene alcohols and acids are multifunctional compounds widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom that exhibit a variety of beneficial health properties, being synthetic analogs of oleanolic acid under clinical evaluation as anti-tumoral therapeutic agents. However, the antineoplastic activity of two natural occurring triterpenoid alcohols extracted from olive oil, erythrodiol (an intermediate from oleanolic acid), and its isomer, uvaol, has barely been reported, particularly on brain cancer cells. Astrocytomas are among the most common and aggressive type of primary malignant tumors in the neurological system lacking effective treatments, and in this study, we addressed the effect of these two triterpenic diols on the human 1321N1 astrocytoma cell line.', 'Erythrodiol and uvaol effectively affected cell proliferation, as well as cell cycle phases and induced 1321N1 cell death. Both triterpenes successfully modulated the apoptotic response, promoting nuclear condensation and fragmentation. They caused retraction and rounding of cultured cells, which lost adherence from their supports, while F-actin and vimentin filaments disappeared as an organized cytoplasmic network. At molecular level, changes in the expression of surface proteins associated with adhesion or death processes were also observed. Moreover, triterpene exposure resulted in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and correlated with the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). The presence of catalase reversed the triterpenic diols-induced mitochondrial depolarization, JNK activation, and apoptotic death, indicating the critical role of ROS in the action of these compounds.

Answer: 0


Question: The effectiveness of partial resuscitation after hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock with deferment of full resuscitation is critical to successful hypotensive resuscitation.', 'To quantitatively address this issue, 40 canines were bled under anesthesia to a mean oxygen debt (O(2)D) of 104 +/- 7.6 mL/kg over 60 minutes (mortality, 40%). Animals surviving the shock were then immediately resuscitated with 0%, 8.4%, 15%, 30%, or 120% (full resuscitation) of shed volume as 5% albumin and held for 2 hours postshock, when the remaining portion of full resuscitation volume was given. Animals were followed for 7 days postshock with hepatic and renal function studies, and then, under anesthesia, cardiac output and organ biopsy specimens were taken before the animals were killed.', 'By 2 hours postshock, 0% immediate resuscitation had an O(2)D increase of 80 mL/kg above end of shock, but O(2)D at 8.4% immediate resuscitation decreased -30 mL/kg, 15% immediate resuscitation fell -65 mL/kg, 30% immediate resuscitation decreased -80 mL/kg below end of shock, and O(2)D with 120% full resuscitation fell to preshock levels. All decreases in O(2)D were significantly (p < 0.05) below end of shock, but both 15% and 30% immediate resuscitation exceeded the 8.4% immediate resuscitation rate (p < 0.05) throughout the resuscitation, and 120% full resuscitation exceeded these (p < 0.05). The immediate resuscitation O(2)D response correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with base deficit and lactate, but blood pressure was not a significant discriminator. Seven-day biopsies showed return of bowel mucosa but a pattern of cellular injury in heart, liver, and kidney that improved from 8.4% < 15% < 30 < 120% immediate resuscitation.

Answer:
0