instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and surgical success rates of amniotic membrane (AM) transplantation performed for corneal perforation closure using a novel technique.', 'This study included 6 eyes from 6 patients with corneal perforation who had received AM transplantation between May 2011 and April 2012. The AM was collected from human placenta shortly after cesarean section. In surgery, the AM was folded into pleats and used to plug the wound using 10-0 nylon suture. The wound was then covered with an AM seal. After reepithelialization and AM scarring, sutures were removed.', 'All 6 patients had successful wound closure with 1 surgery. One patient underwent optical keratoplasty later, and 1 patient required combined preserved sclera transplantation. The absolute value of astigmatism decreased to <3.50 diopters (D) 3 months after surgery and to <3.00 D 6 months after surgery in patients with peripheral AM transplants. The visual acuity gradually improved over the first 3 months after surgery, and visual acuity gains were maintained at the 6-month postoperative mark.\Question: Do `` Pleats fold '' technique of amniotic membrane transplantation for management of corneal perforations?
answer:
The AM transplantation procedure may be an effective option for treating corneal perforations when the wound is circular or irregular, except for incised wounds. Our "Pleats Fold" AM transplantation technique can achieve definite closure and effectively repair wounds of various sizes. Postoperative astigmatic values were acceptable. Therefore, we recommend this procedure for repairing lesions <3 mm in diameter that do not involve the central cornea and that are infection free.


question:
Context: Elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels are predictive of high cardiovascular (CV) risk in the general population. The value of MPO as a CV marker in the HIV population has not been investigated.', 'Medical records were reviewed to identify HIV+ patients with a documented CV event (myocardial ischemia/infarction) and stored plasma samples within 12 months prior to the event. HIV+ adults with no CV history and with similarly available stored plasma samples were site-, age-, and gender-matched 1:1 to cases.', 'We identified 124 participants (62 case-control pairs): 94% male, median age 46 years. Median (IQR) MPO levels (pmoles/L) were lower in cases vs. controls: 292 (235-376) vs. 320 (249-467); p= .004. Cases were more likely to have other CV risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, and higher cholesterol and triglycerides. The observed MPO directional difference persisted after controlling for CV risk factors. In the reduced model, observed differences in MPO remained independently and negatively associated with CV event (p= .03) after adjusting for two positively associated risk factors, differences in cholesterol levels (p= .01), and differences in smoking history (ever smoked vs. never smoked; p= .04). Differences in triglyceride levels and hypertension were not statistically significant independent risk factors in this sample (p> .05). Within cases, MPO was negatively correlated with CD4 count (rs= -0. 40, p= .0023) and age (rs= -0. 34, p= .01). In contrast, age at blood draw was positively correlated with MPO in controls (rs= 0.28, p= .031) and CD4 was uncorrelated (rs= -0. 01, p> .9). No other factors were significantly correlated with MPO within groups.\Question: Are higher plasma myeloperoxidase levels associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events in HIV-infected adults?
answer:
In contrast to the general population, higher MPO levels were not predictive of CV events in this study, underscoring the fact that pathways operative in HIV arteriopathy may be distinct from traditional CV disease pathogenesis.


question:
Context: Maternal infections may induce placental, amniotic and, potentially, fetal inflammatory responses. As cytokine responses may be mediated by oxidative stress, we determined whether the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), can attenuate maternally induced amniotic and placental cytokine responses to maternal infection (modeled by lipopolysaccharide [LPS]).', 'Gestation day 18 pregnant rats were (1) treated with LPS (100 microg/kg, body weight; intraperitoneally) alone; (2) pretreated with NAC (300 mg/kg body weight; intraperitoneally) 30 minutes before LPS; (3) posttreated with NAC 120 minutes after LPS; or (4) treated with NAC 30 minutes before and 120 minutes after LPS. Six hours after LPS administration, maternal serum and amniotic fluid interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 levels, and placental IL-6 messenger RNA levels were determined.', 'LPS increased maternal serum IL-6 (50 +/- 25 to 3444 +/- 584 pg/mL) and IL-10 (40 +/- 20 to 958 +/- 339 pg/mL) and amniotic fluid IL-6 (59 +/- 25 to 891 +/- 128 pg/mL). Pretreatment and/or posttreatment with NAC attenuated IL-6 in the maternal serum and amniotic fluid and IL-10 in the amniotic fluid. LPS also induced placental IL-6 messenger RNA that was inhibited by treatment with NAC before and after LPS.\Question: Does n-acetyl-cysteine suppress amniotic fluid and placenta inflammatory cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide in rats?
answer:

NAC inhibition of inflammatory responses may protect the fetus from potential long-term sequelae.