Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: Postoperative neurologic deficits after thoracic aortic reconstruction vary widely. Our previous study showed that delayed ischemic preconditioning could prevent spinal cord injury caused by occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta in pigs. We investigated early ischemic preconditioning in the same model.', 'Twenty-eight pigs were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (n = 6) underwent a sham operation, group 2 (n = 6) underwent aortic occlusion for 20 minutes, group 3 (n = 8) underwent aortic occlusion for 35 minutes, and group 4 (n = 8) underwent aortic occlusion for 20 minutes and underwent aortic occlusion 80 minutes later without hypotension for 35 minutes. Aortic occlusion was accomplished by using 2 balloon occlusion catheters placed fluoroscopically at T6 to T8 above the diaphragm and at the aortic bifurcation. Neurologic evaluation was performed by an independent observer according to the Tarlov scale (0-4). The lower thoracic and lumbar spinal cords were harvested at 120 hours and examined histologically with hematoxylin-and-eosin stain. Histologic results (number of neurons and grade of inflammation) were scored (0-4) and were similarly analyzed. Statistical analysis was by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test.', 'Group 4 had a better neurologic outcome at 24, 48, and 120 hours in comparison with group 3 (P <.001). The histologic changes were proportional to the neurologic test scores, with the more severe and extensive gray matter damage in animals of group 3 (number of neurons, P <.001; grade of inflammation, P <.001).
Answer: Early ischemic preconditioning without hypotension protects against spinal cord injury after aortic occlusion, as confirmed by using the Tarlov score and histopathology.

Answer: Does early ischemic preconditioning without hypotension prevent spinal cord injury caused by descending thoracic aortic occlusion?


Question: Context: Long-QT syndrome (LQTS), a cardiac arrhythmia disorder with variable phenotype, often results in devastating outcomes, including sudden cardiac death. Variable expression, independently from the primary disease-causing mutation, can partly be explained by genetic modifiers. This study investigates variants in a known LQTS-causative gene, AKAP9, for potential LQTS-type 1-modifying effects.', "Members of a South African LQTS-type 1 founder population (181 noncarriers and 168 mutation carriers) carrying the identical-by-descent KCNQ1 p.Ala341Val (A341V) mutation were evaluated for modifying effects of AKAP9 variants on heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc), cardiac events, and disease severity. Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms in AKAP9 rs11772585, rs7808587, rs2282972, and rs2961024 (order, 5'-3'positive strand) were genotyped. Associations between phenotypic traits and alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes were statistically assessed, adjusting for the degree of relatedness and confounding variables. The rs2961024 GG genotype, always represented by CGCG haplotype homozygotes, revealed an age-dependent heart rate-corrected QT interval increase (1% per additional 10 years) irrespective of A341V mutation status (P=0.006). The rs11772585 T allele, found uniquely in the TACT haplotype, more than doubled (218%) the risk of cardiac events (P=0.002) in the presence of A341V; additionally, it increased disease severity (P=0.025). The rs7808587 GG genotype was associated with a 74% increase in cardiac event risk (P=0.046), whereas the rs2282972 T allele, predominantly represented by the CATT haplotype, decreased risk by 53% (P=0.001).
Answer: AKAP9 has been identified as an LQTS-type 1-modifying gene. Variants investigated altered heart rate-corrected QT interval irrespective of mutation status, as well as cardiac event risk, and disease severity, in mutation carriers.

Answer: Is aKAP9 a genetic modifier of congenital long-QT syndrome type 1?


Question: Context: To examine peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) thresholds for normal human subjects in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient coils, and determine if observed thresholds could be predicted based on gross physiologic measurements.', 'PNS thresholds for 21 healthy normal subjects were measured using a whole-body gradient coil. Subjects were exposed to a trapezoidal echo-planar imaging (EPI) gradient waveform and the total change in gradient strength (DeltaG) required to cause PNS as a function of the duration of the gradient switching time (tau) were measured. Correlation coefficients and corresponding P values were calculated for the PNS threshold measurements against simple physiologic measurements taken of the subjects, including weight, height, girth, and average body fat percentage, in order to determine if there were any easily observable dependencies.', 'No convincing correlations between threshold parameters and gross physiologic measurements were observed.
Answer: These results suggest it is unlikely that a simple physiologic measurement of subject anatomy can be used to guide the operation of MRI scanners in a subject-specific manner in order to increase gradient system performance while avoiding PNS.

Answer:
Do simple anatomical measurements correlate significantly to individual peripheral nerve stimulation thresholds as measured in MRI gradient coils?