In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

To isolate volatile compounds from nonvolatile impurities, the steam form of this process is used when the compounds decompose at standard temperatures and pressures. Two miscible liquids are heated under a Liebig condenser to increase the concentration of the liquid with the lower boiling point in a common type of this process. FTP, name this separation method by boiling point, whose fractional variety yields cosmetics from petroleum and alcohol from a water mixture.
Science

A speech of this ruler is recorded on the Lyon tablet, and Hadrian extended this rulers effort to drain the Fucine Lake. This ruler decreed that sick slaves left at the Temple of Aesculapius would be freed, and he upheld the rights of Egyptian Jews with his Letter to the Alexandrians. This ruler temporarily restored the autonomy of Judea, but reclaimed it as a province after the death of Herod Agrippa I. He used elephants to conquer Camulodunum, and this ruler pardoned the captured general Caratacus after sending Aulus Plautius to conquer Britain. The freedman Narcissus wielded power under this man and helped to expose the plot of his wife Messalina. He was poisoned by his fourth wife, Agrippina. For 10 points, name successor to Caligula, the dice-playing fourth Roman emperor.
History

In 2012, researchers at Case Western Reserve University announced a potential to cure this condition using the cancer drug Bexarotene. Sufferers of this condition experience a buildup of beta amyloid plaques, and debate has long occurred over whether consumption of aluminum contributes to this disease. Most people afflicted with Down syndrome develop the "early onset" form of this disease first identified by a namesake German doctor. For 10  points, name this form of dementia most often characterized by memory loss in the elderly.

Science