Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: To examine the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in relation to gestational weeks during pregnancy among Chinese women.', 'From a randomized control trial of prenatal supplementation with folic acid, iron-folic acid, and multiple micronutrients in China, we examined 834 pregnant women with CRP measured initially between 5 and 20 weeks and at follow-up between 28 and 32 weeks gestation. We calculated and plotted CRP geometric means by gestational weeks. The same analysis was repeated for women who had normal pregnancies (624 women) by excluding women with stillbirth, preterm, small for gestational age, body mass index <18.5 kg/m(2) or >30 kg/m(2) at enrollment, and hypertension or anemia during pregnancy.', 'We observed a significant positive trend between log-transformed CRP and gestational age from 5 to 20 weeks and from 28 to 32 weeks both in the full sample and in the subset of women who had normal pregnancies. CRP geometric mean was 0.81 mg/l at 5-7 weeks of gestation, 2.85 mg/l at 19-20 weeks of gestation, and 3.89 mg/l at 32 weeks of gestation. A similar increasing trend in the CRP median or percentage of elevated CRP were also observed.
Answer: We concluded that CRP increased with gestational age among healthy Chinese women who delivered healthy infants. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:574-579, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Output: Does c-reactive protein increase with gestational age during pregnancy among Chinese women?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (EB) has emerged as a useful tool to study the structural and inflammatory mechanisms of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma. We have previously shown that vascular remodeling and reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickening are present in EB. However, it is not known whether other features of structural remodeling including increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass, matrix deposition, and glandular hyperplasia are also present in EB.', 'We sought to determine whether structural remodeling occurs in EB and is associated with AHR and airflow limitation.', 'Forty-two patients with asthma, 21 patients with EB, and 19 healthy volunteers were recruited. ASM area, RBM thickness, collagen 3 deposition, glandular area, mast cells, and granulocytes were assessed in bronchial biopsy samples.', 'Nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis and asthma were associated with a significant increase in ASM mass and RBM thickness compared with healthy subjects. In contrast, we did not observe any significant differences in collagen 3 deposition in the lamina propria and ASM or the % area of glands in the lamina propria. Univariate analysis demonstrated that mast cell numbers in the ASM were the only feature of remodeling associated with AHR (beta = -0.51; P = .004). Stepwise linear regression revealed that a combination of mast cell numbers in the ASM (beta = -0.43) and disease duration (beta = -0.25; model-adjusted R(2) = 0.26; P = .027) best modeled AHR.
Answer: Mast cell localization to the ASM bundle, but not structural remodeling of the airway wall, is associated with AHR in asthma.

Output: Is airway hyperresponsiveness dissociated from airway wall structural remodeling?


Input: Consider Input: Context: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a late mediator of systemic inflammation. Extracellular HMGB1 play a central pathogenic role in critical illness. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between plasma HMGB1 concentrations and the risk of poor outcomes in patients with severe blunt chest trauma.', 'The plasma concentrations of HMGB1 in patients with severe blunt chest trauma (AIS\u2009≥\u20093) were measured by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at four time points during seven days after admission, and the dynamic release patterns were monitored. The biomarker levels were compared between patients with sepsis and non-sepsis, and between patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and non-MODS. The related factors of prognosis were analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The short-form 36 was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients at 12 months after injury.', 'Plasma HMGB1 levels were significantly higher both in sepsis and MODS group on post-trauma day 3, 5, and 7 compared with the non-sepsis and non-MODS groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that HMGB1 levels and ISS were independent risk factors for sepsis and MODS in patients with severe blunt chest trauma.
Answer: Plasma HMGB1 levels were significantly elevated in patients with severe blunt chest trauma. HMGB1 levels were associated with the risk of poor outcome in patients with severe blunt chest trauma. Daily HMGB1 levels measurements is a potential useful tool in the early identification of post-trauma complications. Further studies are needed to determine whether HMGB1 intervention could prevent the development of sepsis and MODS in patients with severe blunt chest trauma.


Output: Is high plasma levels of high mobility group box 1 associated with the risk of sepsis in severe blunt chest trauma patients : a prospective cohort study?