TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
PROBLEM: Context: Biological evidence reported in the literature supports the role of CELSR1 as being essential for valvular function in murine lymphatics. Yet thus far, there have been no variants in CELSR1 associated with lymphatic dysfunction in humans.', 'In this report, a rare early inactivating mutation in CELSR1 is found to be causal for non-syndromic, lower extremity lymphedema in a family across three generations. Near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging shows that instead of being propelled within the lumen of well-defined lymphatic vessels, lymph moved in regions of both legs in an unusual fashion and within sheet-like structures.
Answer: CELSRI may be responsible for primary, non-syndromic lymphedema in humans.

SOLUTION: Is a novel mutation in CELSR1 associated with hereditary lymphedema?

PROBLEM: Context: Women have poorer outcomes after vascular surgery as compared to men as shown by studies recently. Frailty is also an independent risk factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality. This study examines the interplay of gender and frailty on outcomes after infrainguinal vascular procedures.', 'The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify all patients who underwent infrainguinal vascular procedures from 2005-2012. Frailty was measured using a modified frailty index (mFI; derived from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging). Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to investigate the association of preoperative frailty and gender, on postoperative outcomes.', 'Of 24,645 patients (92% open, 8% endovascular), there were 533 deaths (2.2%) and 6198 (25.1%) major complications within 30 d postoperatively. Women were more frail (mean mFI = 0.269) than men (mean mFI = 0.259; P < 0.001). Women and frail patients (mFI>0.25) were more likely to have a major morbidity (P < 0.001) or mortality (P < 0.001) with the highest risk in frail women. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, female gender and increasing mFI were independently significantly associated with mortality (P < 0.05) as well as major complications. The interaction of gender and frailty in multivariate analysis showed the highest adjusted 30-d mortality and morbidity in frail females at 2.8% and 30.1%, respectively and that was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than nonfrail males, nonfrail females and frail males.
Answer: Female gender and frailty are both associated with increased risk of complications and death following infrainguinal vascular procedures with the highest risk in frail females. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of interaction of gender and frailty and its effect on long-term outcomes for peripheral vascular disease.

SOLUTION: Do gender and frailty predict poor outcomes in infrainguinal vascular surgery?

PROBLEM: Context: Many peripheral biomarkers, including low cholesterol and its fractions, have been examined to identify suicidal behavior. Herein, we assessed serum lipid profile and some proteins putatively associated with suicidal behavior in subjects with mood disorder (bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder) with a recent suicide attempt and with no lifetime history of suicide attempts.', 'Fifty subjects had presented an episode of attempted suicide during the last 15 days, and 36 subjects had no history of any suicide attempt. We measured total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides as well as serum leptin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), S100B and C-reactive protein (CRP).', 'Individuals that had attempted suicide presented decreased body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. After adjusting for these confounders, we found that triglycerides were decreased in attempted suicide subjects. We found no differences among total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL or leptin, S100B, CRP and BDNF.
Answer: This is a cross-sectional study, and we cannot therefore assess whether a decrease in triglycerides caused a mood episode with suicidal ideation that led to a suicide attempt or if the presence of a mood episode originated a loss of appetite and consequent loss of weight, therefore decreasing triglyceride levels.

SOLUTION:
Are serum triglycerides , but not cholesterol or leptin , decreased in suicide attempters with mood disorders?