TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : Hear the Silence is a 2003 semi-fictional TV drama based on the MMR vaccine controversy, which started when Andrew Wakefield published a paper claiming a possible link between the MMR vaccine and autism. It debuted on December 15, 2003 at 9 PM on the British network Five. The film, produced at a cost of about 1 million pounds, stars Hugh Bonneville as Wakefield and Juliet Stevenson as Christine Shields, a fictional mother who discovers the possible MMR-autism link when her son is diagnosed as autistic. Stevenson's character begins telling doctor after doctor that her son seemed to develop autism soon after he received the MMR vaccine, but she does not receive any sympathy from them, nor does she receive any from her boss, or even her husband. However, this all changes when she meets Dr. Wakefield, who believes her statements about the MMR vaccine causing her son's autism. The film then shows fictional government officials "plotting" Wakefield's "demise", which they intend to bring about by portraying his research as flawed. Although never documented in reality, the film depicts Wakefield being targeted by the government: his phone is tapped and his files are stolen. The film attracted 1.2 million viewers on the first night it screened, considerably fewer than usual for Channel Five's films that debut at 9 PM, which often get more than 2 million viewers. Context_2 : Arthur Krigsman, MD, is a pediatrician and gastroenterologist best known for his controversial and research in which he attempted to prove that the MMR vaccine caused diseases, especially autism. He specializes in the evaluation and treatment of gastrointestinal pathology in children with autism spectrum disorders, and has written in support of what he calls autistic enterocolitis. The original study that tied the MMR vaccine to autism and GI complaints conducted by one of Krigsman's associates has been found to be fraudulent, and the diagnosis of "autistic enterocolitis" has not been accepted by the medical community. Context_3 : Maurice Ralph Hilleman (August 30, 1919 – April 11, 2005) was an American microbiologist who specialized in vaccinology and developed over 40 vaccines, an unparalleled record of productivity. Of the 14 vaccines routinely recommended in current vaccine schedules, he developed eight: those for measles, mumps, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chickenpox, meningitis, pneumonia and "Haemophilus influenzae" bacteria. He also played a role in the discovery of the cold-producing adenoviruses, the hepatitis viruses, and the cancer-causing virus SV40. Context_4 : Vaxxed: From Cover-Up to Catastrophe is a 2016 American film alleging a cover-up by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of a purported link between the MMR vaccine and autism. According to "Variety", the film "purports to investigate the claims of a senior scientist at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who revealed that the CDC had allegedly manipulated and destroyed data on an important study about autism and the MMR vaccine"; critics derided it as an anti-vaccine propaganda film. Context_5 : Kreesten Meldgaard Madsen is a Danish epidemiologist and expert on infectious diseases who, as of 2003, worked at the Danish Epidemiology Science Centre at Aarhus University. He is known for leading two studies that found no link between either the MMR vaccine and autism or thimerosal and autism. The first of these studies pertained to MMR and was published in 2002; the second pertained to thimerosal and was published in 2003. Both of these studies received considerable media attention, but the study regarding thimerosal and autism was criticized by Mark Blaxill of activist group SafeMinds, who said it was irrelevant to the United States because it was conducted in Denmark, where the autism rate is lower. Context_6 : The MMR vaccine (also known as the MPR vaccine after the Latin names of the diseases) is an immunization vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). It is a mixture of live attenuated viruses of the three diseases, administered via injection. It was first developed by Maurice Hilleman while at Merck. Context_7 : The MMR vaccine controversy started with the 1998 publication of a fraudulent research paper in "The Lancet" linking the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine to colitis and autism spectrum disorders. The claims in the paper were widely reported, leading to a sharp drop in vaccination rates in the UK and Ireland and increases in the incidence of measles and mumps, resulting in deaths and severe and permanent injuries. Following the initial claims in 1998, multiple large epidemiological studies were undertaken. Reviews of the evidence by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Institute of Medicine of the US National Academy of Sciences, the UK National Health Service, and the Cochrane Library all found no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. Context_8 : Porter Warren Anderson, Jr. (born January 1, 1937) is an American microbiologist best known for developing a vaccine that protects children from infections by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and epiglottitis. The techniques he and his colleague Ronald Eby invented were later utilized to develop a vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Context_9 : Michelle Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, also known as the omnibus autism proceeding (OAP), was a court case involving the family of Michelle Cedillo, a girl with autism whose parents sued the United States government because they believed that her autism was caused by her receipt of both the measles-mumps-and-rubella vaccine (also known as the MMR vaccine) and thimerosal-containing vaccines. The omnibus proceeding required the petitioners to present three test cases for each proposed mechanism by which vaccines had, according to them, caused their children's autism; Michelle was the first such case for the MMR-and-thimerosal hypothesis. Context_10 : Mumpsvax is a mumps vaccine made of mumps virus. It is a product of Merck & Co., Inc. The vaccine is a component of Merck's three-virus MMR vaccine. fact_1 : The MMR vaccine (also known as the MPR vaccine after the Latin names of the diseases) is an immunization vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). fact_2 : Maurice Ralph Hilleman (August 30, 1919 – April 11, 2005) was an American microbiologist who specialized in vaccinology and developed over 40 vaccines, an unparalleled record of productivity. Question: When was the American microbiologist who developed MMR vaccine born?

SOLUTION: August 30, 1919

PROBLEM: Context_1 : In the C++ programming language, the C++ Standard Library is a collection of classes and functions, which are written in the core language and part of the C++ ISO Standard itself. The C++ Standard Library provides several generic containers, functions to utilize and manipulate these containers, function objects, generic strings and streams (including interactive and file I/O), support for some language features, and functions for everyday tasks such as finding the square root of a number. The C++ Standard Library also incorporates 18 headers of the ISO C90 C standard library ending with ".h", but their use is deprecated. No other headers in the C++ Standard Library end in ".h". Features of the C++ Standard Library are declared within the codice_1 namespace. Context_2 : Turbo C++ is a discontinued C++ compiler and integrated development environment and computer language originally from Borland. Most recently it was distributed by Embarcadero Technologies, which acquired all of Borland's compiler tools with the purchase of its CodeGear division in 2008. The original Turbo C++ product line was put on hold after 1994 and was revived in 2006 as an introductory-level IDE, essentially a stripped-down version of their flagship C++Builder. Turbo C++ 2006 was released on September 5, 2006 and was available in 'Explorer' and 'Professional' editions. The Explorer edition was free to download and distribute while the Professional edition was a commercial product. In October 2009 Embarcadero Technologies discontinued support of its 2006 C++ editions. As such, the Explorer edition is no longer available for download and the Professional edition is no longer available for purchase from Embarcadero Technologies. Turbo C++ is succeeded by C++Builder. Context_3 : C++11 is a version of the standard for the programming language C++. It was approved by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) on 12 August 2011, replacing C++03, superseded by C++14 on 18 August 2014 and later, by C++17. The name follows the tradition of naming language versions by the publication year of the specification, though it was formerly named "C++0x" because it was expected to be published before 2010. Context_4 : CodeSynthesis XSD is an XML Data Binding compiler for C++ developed by Code Synthesis and dual-licensed under the GNU GPL and a proprietary license. Given an XML instance specification (XML Schema), it generates C++ classes that represent the given vocabulary as well as parsing and serialization code. It is supported on a large number of platforms, including AIX, Linux, HP-UX, OS X, Solaris, Windows, OpenVMS, and z/OS. Supported C++ compilers include GNU G++, Intel C++, HP aCC, Solaris Studio C++, IBM XL C++, and Microsoft Visual C++. A version for mobile and embedded systems, called CodeSynthesis XSD/e, is also available. Context_5 : Managed Extensions for C++ or just Managed C++ is a now deprecated Microsoft set of deviations from C++, including grammatical and syntactic extensions, keywords and attributes, to bring the C++ syntax and language to the .NET Framework. These extensions allowed C++ code to be targeted to the Common Language Runtime (CLR) in the form of managed code as well as continue to interoperate with native code. Contrary to what many people say, Managed C++ was a complete standalone, or full-fledged programming language because its absolute possible to write a complete Managed C++ program, just like with any other .NET language. Context_6 : Visioo-writer - The OpenDocument file viewer is a computer program designed to run on multiple operating systems with the explicit ability to view OpenDocument and OpenOffice.org/StarOffice documents. It is currently in a stable state (version 0.6) but updates continue. The goal is to create a small application to open popular and free document formats (e.g., AbiWord, KWord). The software is open source, and written in Python. Downloads are available for Microsoft Windows and Linux. Context_7 : C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1) is the common name for ISO/IEC TR 19768, C++ Library Extensions, which was a document proposing additions to the C++ standard library for the C++03 language standard. The additions include regular expressions, smart pointers, hash tables, and random number generators. TR1 was not a standard itself, but rather a draft document. However, most of its proposals became part of the later official standard, C++11. Before C++11 was standardized, vendors used this document as a guide to create extensions. The report's goal was "to build more widespread existing practice for an expanded C++ standard library." Context_8 : Herb Sutter is a prominent C++ expert. He is also a book author and a columnist for Dr. Dobb's Journal. He joined Microsoft in 2002 as a platform evangelist for Visual C++ .NET, rising to lead software architect for C++/CLI. Sutter served as secretary and convener of the ISO C++ standards committee for over 10 years. In September 2008 he was replaced by P.J. Plauger. He then re-assumed the convener position, after Plauger resigned in October 2009. In recent years Sutter was lead designer for C++/CX and C++ AMP. Context_9 : Crypto++ (also known as CryptoPP, libcrypto++, and libcryptopp) is a free and open source C++ class library of cryptographic algorithms and schemes written by Wei Dai. Crypto++ has been widely used in academia, student projects, open source and non-commercial projects, as well as businesses. Released in 1995, the library fully supports 32-bit and 64-bit architectures for many major operating systems and platforms, including Android (using STLport), Apple (Mac OS X and iOS), BSD, Cygwin, IBM AIX and S/390, Linux, MinGW, Solaris, Windows, Windows Phone and Windows RT. The project also supports compilation using C++03, C++11 and C++17 runtime libraries; and a variety of compilers and IDEs, including Borland Turbo C++, Borland C++ Builder, Clang, CodeWarrior Pro, GCC (including Apple's GCC), Intel C++ Compiler (ICC), Microsoft Visual C/C++, and Sun Studio. Context_10 : AbiWord ( ) is a free and open-source software word processor written in C++. Since version 3 it is based on GTK+ 3. The name "AbiWord" is derived from the root of the Spanish word ""abierto"", meaning "open". fact_1 : Visioo-writer - The OpenDocument file viewer is a computer program designed to run on multiple operating systems with the explicit ability to view OpenDocument and OpenOffice.org/StarOffice documents. fact_2 :  The goal is to create a small application to open popular and free document formats (e.g., AbiWord, KWord). fact_3 : AbiWord ( ) is a free and open-source software word processor written in C++. Question: Visioo-writer supports document formats such as KWord, and this, an open-source word processor written in C++?

SOLUTION: AbiWord

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Frithwald (Old English: "Friþuweald" or "Friðewald"; d. 762 × 764) was an Anglo-Saxon Bishop of Whithorn. The version of the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" in the "Worcester Chronicle" says that in 735 he succeeded Pehthelm, after the latter's death, as Bishop of Whithorn. The only other source for Frithwald is the entry in versions D and E of the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" which, "sub anno" 762, relate that:Frithwald, bishop at Whithorn, died on the Nones of May [May 7]. He was consecrated at Chester on the eighteenth before the Kalends of September [August 15], in the sixth winter of Ceolwulf's kingship [734/5]; and he was bishop twenty-nine winters<br>"Friþuweald biscop æt Hwiterne forðferde on Nonas Maius, se wæs gehalgod on Ceastre on .xviii. Kalendas September þam .vi. wintra Ceolwulfes rices, 7 he wæs biscop .xxix. wintra". If the Worcester source is correct, that would put his death in 764; the entry is also sometimes thought to cover the year 763. Context_2 : The Angles were a dominant Germanic tribe in the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, and gave their name to the English, England and to the region of East Anglia. Originally from Angeln, present-day Schleswig-Holstein, a legendary list of their kings has been preserved in the heroic poems "Widsith" and "Beowulf", and the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle". Context_3 : The final act of the Anglo-Saxon poem "Beowulf" is about the hero Beowulf's fight with a dragon, the third monster he encounters in the epic. On his return from Heorot, where he killed Grendel and Grendel's mother, Beowulf becomes king of the Geats and rules peacefully for fifty winters until a slave awakens and angers a dragon by stealing a jewelled cup from its lair in order to gain freedom from killing his brother. When the angry dragon mercilessly burns the Geats' homes and lands, Beowulf decides to fight and kill the monster personally. He and his thanes climb to the dragon's lair where, upon seeing the beast, the thanes flee in terror, leaving only Wiglaf to battle at Beowulf's side. When the dragon wounds Beowulf fatally, Wiglaf slays it. Context_4 : The Battle of Brunanburh is an Old English poem. It is preserved in the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", a historical record of events in Anglo-Saxon England which was kept from the late ninth to the mid-twelfth century. The poem records the Battle of Brunanburh, a battle fought in 937 between an English army and a combined army of Scots, Vikings, and Britons. The battle resulted in an English victory, celebrated by the poem in style and language like that of traditional Old English battle poetry. The poem is notable because of those traditional elements and has been praised for its authentic tone, but it is also remarkable for its fiercely nationalistic tone, which documents the development of a unified England ruled by the House of Wessex. Context_5 : Widsith is an Old English poem of 143 lines. The poem survives only in the Exeter Book, a manuscript of Old English poetry compiled in the late 10th century containing approximately one sixth of all surviving Old English poetry. Widsith is located between the poems "Vainglory" and "The Fortunes of Men". Since the donation of the Exeter Book in 1076, it has been housed in Exeter Cathedral in southwest England. The poem is for the most part a survey of the people, kings, and heroes of Europe in the Heroic Age of Northern Europe: see Tribes of Widsith. Context_6 : Grendel is a being originated from the Anglo-Saxon epic poem "Beowulf" (AD 700–1000), which is considered to be the oldest surviving poem in Old English. He is one of the poem's three antagonists (along with Grendel's mother and the dragon), all aligned in opposition against the protagonist Beowulf. Grendel is feared by all but Beowulf. Grendel is described to have descended from the lineage of the Biblical figure Cain, from Genesis 4 of the Bible, and is usually depicted as a monster or a giant, although his status as a monster, giant or some other form of supernatural being is not clearly described in the poem and thus remains the subject of scholarly debate. Context_7 : The Nowell Codex is the second of two manuscripts found in the bound volume Cotton Vitellius A.xv, one of the four major Anglo-Saxon poetic manuscripts. It is most famous as the manuscript containing the unique copy of the epic poem "Beowulf". In addition to this, it contains first a fragment of "The Life of Saint Christopher", then the more complete texts "Wonders of the East" and "Letters of Alexander to Aristotle," and, after "Beowulf", a poetic translation of "Judith". Due to the fame of "Beowulf", the Nowell codex is also sometimes known simply as the Beowulf manuscript. The manuscript is located within the British Library with the rest of the Cotton collection. Context_8 : Offa is a legendary king of the Angles in the genealogy of the kings of Mercia presented in the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle". He is the son of Wermund and the father of Angeltheow. Context_9 : The History of Herefordshire starts with a shire in the time of Athelstan (895–939), and Herefordshire is mentioned in the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" in 1051. The first Anglo-Saxon settlers, the Magonsætan, were a sub-tribal unit of the Hwicce who occupied the Severn valley. The Magonsætan were said to be in the intervening lands between the Rivers Wye and Severn. The undulating hills of marl clay were surrounded by the Welsh mountains to the west; the Malvern Hills to the east; the Clent Hills of the Shropshire borders to the north, and the indeterminate extent of the Forest of Dean to the south. The shire name first recorded in the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" was derived from "Here-ford", Old English for "Army crossing", the location for the city. The area was covered first by Offa of Mercia, who constructed the dyke as a boundary to keep warring tribes out of the Mercian kingdom: an early indication of the ambivalent relations with the Welsh. The shire as an administrative unit was developed from Alfred the Great's Burghal Hidage, and the Shire-reeve courts of the Hundred. King Edgar the Ætheling was a regular visitor, and founded the diocese, previously part of the see of Worcester, in 976. The establishment of a centre of law and justice was supported by a monastic chapter that flourished during the Tenth century Reformation. Hereford's geographical location at the hub of the shire allowed Anglo-Saxon ealdormen to manage affairs; and Hereford played a vital role in the Scandinavian wars until Ralph, Earl Hereford was deposed by the regal Earl Harold Godwinson. Context_10 : Layamon's "Brut (ca. 1190 - 1215), also known as The Chronicle of Britain", is a Middle English poem compiled and recast by the English priest Layamon. The "Brut" is 16,095 lines long and narrates the history of Britain: it is the first historiography written in English since the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle". Named for Britain's mythical founder, Brutus of Troy, the poem is largely based on the Anglo-Norman "Roman de Brut" by Wace, which is in turn a version of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Latin "Historia Regum Britanniae". Layamon's poem, however, is longer than both and includes an enlarged section on the life and exploits of King Arthur. It is written in the alliterative verse style commonly used in Middle English poetry by rhyming chroniclers, the two halves of the alliterative lines being often linked by rhyme as well as by alliteration. fact_1 : The Angles were a dominant Germanic tribe in the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, and gave their name to the English, England and to the region of East Anglia. fact_2 :  Originally from Angeln, present-day Schleswig-Holstein, a legendary list of their kings has been preserved in the heroic poems "Widsith" and "Beowulf", and the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle". fact_3 : Widsith is an Old English poem of 143 lines. fact_4 :  The poem survives only in the Exeter Book, a manuscript of Old English poetry compiled in the late 10th century containing approximately one sixth of all surviving Old English poetry. Question: What book contains a poem which, along with "Beowulf" and the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", preserves a legendary list of the kings of the Angles?

SOLUTION:
Exeter Book