TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
PROBLEM: Context: The majority of cancer chemotherapy can lead to bone marrow depression, which often affects clinical response as chemotherapy can not be carried out with enough dosage on time. The platelets decrease is one of the problems caused by bone marrow depression. Though the clinical response of hyodermic "IL-11" is affirmed to advance platelets presently, it is limited by expensive price. Other agents that can be taken orally with suitable price and equal authenticity are less reported. The author observed clinical response of platelets decrease adopting traditional Chinese medicine "Sheng Ban Recipe"(SBR).', 'Totally 103 patients with platelets decrease after chemotherapy from July 1994 to Jannary 2002. They were randomly divided into two groups: SBR plus common treatment group and common treatment alone group. The previous group take 1 package SBR for twice drink per day. Common treatment group give common therapy only. The follow-up period is 2 weeks.', 'Among the 55 cases in SBR group, noticeable efficiency 20%, efficiency 50.9%, total efficiency 70.9%, which is evidently superior to common group.\Question: Do [ Observation of clinical response of `` sheng ban recipe '' for platelets decrease after chemotherapy ]?

SOLUTION: "Sheng Ban Recipe" can effectively treat thrombocytopenia after chemotherapy, which helps to reduce the necessary of intravenous drip of platelets and the risk of hemorrhage.

PROBLEM: Context: Strontium ranelate reduces fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Evidence from non-clinical studies and analyses of bone markers in phase III trials indicate that this is due to an increase in osteoblast formation and a decrease of osteoclastic resorption. The aim of this work was to investigate, in human cells, the mechanisms by which strontium ranelate is able to influence the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.', 'Human primary osteoblasts were used to examine effects of strontium ranelate on replication (thymidine incorporation), differentiation (Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase) and cell survival (cell counts and caspase activity). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and elisa and receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand (RANKL) by qRT-PCR and Western blot. As strontium ranelate has been proposed as an agonist of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), the involvement of CaSR in the effects of strontium ranelate on OPG and RANKL expression, and cell replication was examined using siRNA.', 'Strontium ranelate increased mRNA and protein levels of OPG and suppressed those of RANKL. Strontium ranelate also stimulated osteoblast replication and differentiation and increased cell survival under stress. Knocking down CaSR suppressed strontium ranelate-induced stimulation of OPG mRNA, reduction of RANKL mRNA, and increase in replication, indicating the involvement of CaSR in these responses.\Question: Do osteoblasts play key roles in the mechanisms of action of strontium ranelate?

SOLUTION: Our results demonstrate that osteoblasts play a key role in the mechanism of action of the anti-fracture agent, strontium ranelate by mediating both its anabolic and anti-resorptive actions, at least in part, via activation of CaSR.

PROBLEM: Context: Patients with missed colorectal cancer have been reported to be more likely to have colonic diverticulosis. Such an association could be due to either higher risk of neoplasia or difficulty examining the colon in patients with diverticulosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether colonic diverticula are associated with an increased risk for colonic neoplasia.', 'We analyzed data from a prospective study of patients undergoing screening colonoscopy that included detailed assessment of all colonic diverticula and colorectal polyps. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals while adjusting for confounding variables.', 'Our analyses included 624 participants. Of these, 216 (35%) had one or more colorectal adenomas. Diverticula on colonoscopy were not associated with an increased risk of adenomas (odds ratio (OR) 1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-1.4) or advanced adenomas (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4-1.5). Those with the greatest burden of diverticula (10 or more) did not have an increased risk of adenomas (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7-1.8) compared with no diverticula. Colonic diverticula were not associated with an increased risk of proximal (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.6) or distal adenomas (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.7).\Question: Are colonic Diverticula Associated With an Increased Risk of Colorectal Adenomas?

SOLUTION:
Patients with colonic diverticula do not have an increased risk of colorectal adenomas or advanced adenomas.