We would like you to assess the QUALITY of each of the following argument (discussing Gay Marriage) and determine if the argument is Valid or Invalid. A valid argument is clearly interpretable and either expresses an argument, or a premise or a conclusion that can be used in an argument for the topic of gay marriage. An invalid argument is a phrase that cannot be interpreted as an argument or not on the topic of gay marriage.

Q: The usual reason given for banning first-cousin marriage is because there is a risk of offspring of first cousins having biological problems.

A: Valid
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Q: This is very much the same reason that people who speak out against gay sexual behavior do so even in the face of accusations that it may contribute to a culture of violence.

A: Valid
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Q: And no one harms people quite so enthusiastically and unthinkingly as people who are certain of their moral beliefs.

A:
Invalid
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