instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
The cutaneous microcirculation vasodilates during acute 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT, simulated microgravity) relative to upright conditions, more in the lower body than in the upper body.', 'We expected that relative magnitudes of and differences between upper and lower body cutaneous blood flow elevation would be sustained during initial acclimation to simulated microgravity.', 'We measured cutaneous microvascular blood flow with laser-Doppler flowmetry at the leg (over the distal tibia) and cheek (over the zygomatic arch) of eight healthy men before, during, and after 24 h of HDT. Results were calculated as a percentage of baseline value (100% measured during pre-tilt upright sitting).', 'Cutaneous blood flow in the cheek increased significantly to 165 +/- 37% (mean +/- SE, p < 0.05) at 9-12 h HDT, then returned to near baseline values by 24 h HDT (114 +/- 29%, NSD), despite increased local arterial pressure. Microvascular flow in the leg remained significantly elevated above baseline throughout 24 h HDT (427 +/- 85% at 3 h HDT and 215 +/- 142% at 24 h HDT, p < 0.05). During the 6-h upright sitting recovery period, cheek and leg blood flow levels returned to near pre-tilt baseline values.
answer:
Does simulated microgravity increase cutaneous blood flow in the head and leg of humans?


question:
Neurotensin-1 (NT1) receptor agonists have been proposed as putative antipsychotic drugs. Recently, brain-penetrating NT analogs produced by stability-enhancing modification of the smallest NT fragment, NT(8-13), have demonstrated antipsychotic-like efficacy after acute systemic injection in several preclinical animal tests predictive for antipsychotic efficacy. However, the evidence regarding the persistence versus tolerance of these effects after repeated administration is ambiguous. Previous studies have used compounds that nonselectively activated both NT1 and NT2 receptors or used continuous slow, central infusion of doses rather than daily acute administration, both factors which may have contributed to the ambiguity in the literature regarding the emergence of tolerance.', 'To determine if tolerance develops to the antipsychotic-like effects of NT1 receptor agonists, we investigated the effects of subchronic daily systemic administration of PD149163, a brain-penetrating NT analog with selectivity for the NT1 receptor, on amphetamine-induced locomotor activation, a classic preclinical test of antipsychotic efficacy.', 'Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with eight consecutive daily subcutaneous (SC) injections of PD149163 or saline. On the ninth day, rats received a pair of SC injections consisting of PD149163 or saline, followed by amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) or saline. Locomotor activity was then measured in photobeam-equipped cages.', "The results indicated that repeated daily administration of PD149163 was able to antagonize amphetamine's locomotor-activating effect comparable to that of the first dose, despite that repeated administration of PD149163 produced an increase in baseline locomotor activity not seen after the first dose.
answer:
Does the reversal of amphetamine-induced locomotor activation by a selective neurotensin-1 receptor agonist exhibit tolerance?


question:
To identify the prevalence, clinical characteristics and routine EEG features of the syndrome of eyelid myoclonia with absences (EMA) using a retrospective case control study design.', "EEGs from 1996 to 2005 were searched using the following keywords: eyelid flutter, eyelid blinking, tics, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, clinical absence, atypical absence and photoparoxysmal response. During the same period, patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic generalized epilepsy were identified. Patients with mainly eyelid fluttering/eyelid blinking as their seizure semiology were divided into EMA and non-EMA groups using previously published criteria and compared using parametric (Student's t-test) and non-parametric tests (Chi square) where appropriate. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.", 'The keywords identified 997 patients, 288 patients were diagnosed with idiopathic generalized epilepsy; 126 had eyelid fluttering/blinking as their major seizure semiology. After excluding 51 patients due to incomplete data, of 75 remaining patients, 26 (9.03%) had EMA. Patients with EMA were (1) older at time of first EEG (OR=2.86; 95% CI=7.00-10.23; p=0.005) (2) more likely to have an event on routine EEG (OR=3.62; 95% CI=1.28-10.19; p=0.01) (3) had >3 events per day (OR=9.73; 95% CI=2.06-45.96; p=0.0012) (4) had higher prevalence of developmental delay (OR=4.46; 95% CI=1.36-14.67; p=0.01) and (5) had normal EEG background compared to the non-EMA group.
answer:

Is eyelid myoclonia with absences : routine EEG sufficient to make a diagnosis?