In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
    This Act may be cited as the ``Fiscal Year 2010 Federal Aviation 
Administration Extension Act''.
SEC. 2. EXTENSION OF TAXES FUNDING AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND.
    (a) Fuel Taxes.--Subparagraph (B) of section 4081(d)(2) of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ``September 30, 
2009'' and inserting ``December 31, 2009''.
    (b) Ticket Taxes.--
        (1) Persons.--Clause (ii) of section 4261(j)(1)(A) of the 
    Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ``September 
    30, 2009'' and inserting ``December 31, 2009''.
        (2) Property.--Clause (ii) of section 4271(d)(1)(A) of such 
    Code is amended by striking ``September 30, 2009'' and inserting 
    ``December 31, 2009''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take 
effect on October 1, 2009.
SEC. 3. EXTENSION OF AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST FUND EXPENDITURE 
AUTHORITY.
    (a) In General.--Paragraph (1) of section 9502(d) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended--
        (1) by striking ``October 1, 2009'' and inserting ``January 1, 
    2010''; and
        (2) by inserting ``or the Fiscal Year 2010 Federal Aviation 
    Administration Extension Act'' before the semicolon at the end of 
    subparagraph (A).
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Paragraph (2) of section 9502(e) of such 
Code is amended by striking ``October 1, 2009'' and inserting ``January 
1, 2010''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take 
effect on October 1, 2009.
SEC. 4. EXTENSION OF AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.
    (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--
        (1) In general.--Section 48103 of title 49, United States Code, 
    is amended--
            (A) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (5);
            (B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (6) and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (C) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(7) $1,000,000,000 for the 3-month period beginning on 
    October 1, 2009.''.
        (2) Obligation of amounts.--Sums made available pursuant to the 
    amendment made by paragraph (1) may be obligated at any time 
    through September 30, 2010, and shall remain available until 
    expended.
    (b) Project Grant Authority.--Section 47104(c) of such title is 
amended by striking ``September 30, 2009,'' and inserting ``December 
31, 2009,''.
SEC. 5. EXTENSION OF EXPIRING AUTHORITIES.
    (a) Section 40117(l)(7) of title 49, United States Code, is amended 
by striking ``October 1, 2009.'' and inserting ``January 1, 2010.''.
    (b) Section 41743(e)(2) of such title is amended by striking 
``2009'' and inserting ``2010''.
    (c) Section 44302(f)(1) of such title is amended--
        (1) by striking ``September 30, 2009,'' and inserting 
    ``December 31, 2009,''; and
        (2) by striking ``December 31, 2009,'' and inserting ``March 
    31, 2010,''.
    (d) Section 44303(b) of such title is amended by striking 
``December 31, 2009,'' and inserting ``March 31, 2010,''.
    (e) Section 47107(s)(3) of such title is amended by striking 
``October 1, 2009.'' and inserting ``January 1, 2010.''.
    (f) Section 47115(j) of such title is amended by inserting ``and 
for the portion of fiscal year 2010 ending before January 1, 2010,'' 
after ``2009,''.
    (g) Section 47141(f) of such title is amended by striking 
``September 30, 2009.'' and inserting ``December 31, 2009.''.
    (h) Section 49108 of such title is amended by striking ``September 
30, 2009,'' and inserting ``December 31, 2009,''.
    (i) Section 161 of the Vision 100--Century of Aviation 
Reauthorization Act (49 U.S.C. 47109 note) is amended by inserting ``, 
or in the portion of fiscal year 2010 ending before January 1, 2010,'' 
after ``fiscal year 2009''.
    (j) Section 186(d) of such Act (117 Stat. 2518) is amended by 
inserting ``and for the portion of fiscal year 2010 ending before 
January 1, 2010,'' after ``2009,''.
    (k) Section 409(d) of such Act (49 U.S.C. 41731 note) is amended by 
striking ``September 30, 2009.'' and inserting ``September 30, 2010.''.
    (l) The amendments made by this section shall take effect on 
October 1, 2009.
SEC. 6. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OPERATIONS.
    Section 106(k)(1) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (D);
        (2) by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (E) and 
    inserting ``; and''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(F) $2,338,287,375 for the 3-month period beginning on 
        October 1, 2009.''.
SEC. 7. AIR NAVIGATION FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT.
    Section 48101(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (4);
        (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (5) and 
    inserting ``; and''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(6) $733,444,250 for the 3-month period beginning on October 
    1, 2009.''.
SEC. 8. RESEARCH, ENGINEERING, AND DEVELOPMENT.
    Section 48102(a) of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
        (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (12);
        (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (13) and 
    inserting ``; and''; and
        (3) by adding at the end the following:
        ``(14) $46,250,000 for the 3-month period beginning on October 
    1, 2009.''.

                               Speaker of the House of Representatives.

                            Vice President of the United States and    
                                               President of the Senate.
[EX A]: Fiscal Year 2010 Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to extend through December 31, 2009: (1) excise taxes on aviation fuels and air transportation of persons and property; and (2) the expenditure authority for the Airport and Airway Trust Fund.

Authorizes appropriations through the three-month period beginning on October 1, 2009, for airport improvement program (AIP) projects, including project grant authority.

Extends through December 31, 2009, various airport development projects, including: (1) the pilot program for passenger facility fees at nonhub airports; (2) small airport grants for airports located in the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, and Palau; (3) state and local airport land use compatibility projects; (4) the authority of the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority to apply for an airport development grant and impose a passenger facility fee; (5) the temporary increase to 95% in the government share of certain AIP project costs; and (6) Midway Island airport development.

Extends through FY2010 the authorization of appropriations for agreements the Secretary of Transportation makes for assistance under the small community air service development program.

Extends through December 31, 2009, Department of Transportation (DOT) insurance coverage for domestic and foreign-flag air carriers. Allows further extension through March 31, 2010.

Extends through March 31, 2010, air carrier liability limits for injuries to passengers resulting from acts of terrorism.

Extends through December 31, 2009, certain competitive access assurance requirements for large or medium hub airport sponsors applying for AIP grants.

Extends through FY2010 the termination date of any order issued by the Secretary with respect to the eligibility of certain places for essential air service compensation.

Extends through the three-month period beginning on October 1, 2009, the authorization of appropriations for: (1) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) operations; (2) air navigation facilities and equipment; and (3) research, engineering, and development.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``End-User Protection Act of 2014''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 1a of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 
1a) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating paragraphs (8) through (51) as 
        paragraphs (9) through (52), respectively;
            (2) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following:
            ``(8) Commercial market participant.--The term `commercial 
        market participant' means any producer, processor, merchant, or 
        commercial user of an exempt or agricultural commodity, or the 
        products or by-products of an exempt or agricultural 
        commodity.'';
            (3) in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (48) (as so 
        redesignated), by striking clause (ii) and inserting the 
        following:
                            ``(ii) any purchase or sale of a 
                        nonfinancial commodity or security for deferred 
                        shipment or delivery, so long as the 
                        transaction is intended to be physically 
                        settled, including any stand-alone or embedded 
                        option for which exercise would result in a 
                        physical delivery obligation;''; and
            (4) in paragraph (50) (as redesignated by paragraph (1)), 
        by striking subparagraph (D) and inserting the following:
                    ``(D) De minimis exception.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Commission shall 
                        exempt from designation as a swap dealer an 
                        entity that engages in a de minimis quantity of 
                        swap dealing (which shall not be less than 
                        $8,000,000,000) in connection with transactions 
                        with or on behalf of its customers.
                            ``(ii) Regulations.--The Commission shall 
                        promulgate regulations to establish the factors 
                        to be used in a determination under clause (i) 
                        to exempt, including any monetary or other 
                        levels established by the Commission, and those 
                        levels shall only be amended or changed through 
                        an affirmative action of the Commission 
                        undertaken by rule or regulation.''.
    (b) Financial Entity.--Section 2(h)(7)(C) of the Commodity Exchange 
Act (7 U.S.C. 2(h)(7)(C)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (iii)--
                    (A) by striking ``an entity whose'' and inserting 
                the following: ``an entity--
                                    ``(I) whose'';
                    (B) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                                    ``(II) that is--
                                            ``(aa) a commercial market 
                                        participant;
                                            ``(bb) included in clause 
                                        (i)(VIII); and
                                            ``(cc) not supervised by a 
                                        prudential regulator; or
                                    ``(III) that is included in clause 
                                (i)(VIII) because--
                                            ``(aa) the entity regularly 
                                        enters into foreign exchange or 
                                        derivatives transactions on 
                                        behalf of, or to hedge or 
                                        mitigate, whether directly or 
                                        indirectly, the commercial risk 
                                        of 1 or more entities within 
                                        the same commercial enterprise 
                                        as the entity; or
                                            ``(bb) of the making of 
                                        loans to 1 or more entities 
                                        within the same commercial 
                                        enterprise as the entity.''; 
                                        and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
                            ``(iv) Same commercial enterprise.--For 
                        purposes of clause (iii)(III), an entity shall 
                        be considered to be within the same commercial 
                        enterprise as another entity if--
                                    ``(I) 1 of the entities owns, 
                                directly or indirectly, at least a 
                                majority ownership interest in the 
                                other entity and reports its financial 
                                statements on a consolidated basis and 
                                the consolidated financial statements 
                                include the financial results of both 
                                entities; or
                                    ``(II) a third party owns at least 
                                a majority ownership interest in both 
                                entities and reports its financial 
                                statements on a consolidated basis and 
                                the financial statements of the third 
                                party include the financial results of 
                                both entities.
                            ``(v) Predominantly engaged.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Not later than 
                                90 days after the date of enactment of 
                                this clause, the Commission shall 
                                promulgate regulations defining the 
                                term `predominantly engaged' for 
                                purposes of clause (i)(VIII).
                                    ``(II) Minimum revenues.--The 
                                regulations shall provide that an 
                                entity shall not be considered to be 
                                predominantly engaged in activities 
                                that are in the business of banking or 
                                financial in nature if the consolidated 
                                revenues of the entity derived from the 
                                activities constitute less than a 
                                percentage (as specified by the 
                                Commission in the regulations) of the 
                                total consolidated revenues of the 
                                entity.
                                    ``(III) Revenues from banking or 
                                financial activities.--In determining 
                                the percentage of the revenues of an 
                                entity that are derived from activities 
                                that are in the business of banking or 
                                financial in nature, the regulations 
                                shall exclude all revenues that are or 
                                result from foreign exchange or 
                                derivatives transactions used to hedge 
                                or mitigate commercial risk (as defined 
                                by the Commission in the 
                                regulations).''.

SEC. 3. REPORTING OF ILLIQUID SWAPS SO AS TO NOT DISADVANTAGE CERTAIN 
              NON-FINANCIAL END USERS.

    Section 2(a)(13) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 2(a)(13)) 
is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``The Commission'' and 
        inserting ``Except as provided in subparagraph (D), the 
        Commission'';
            (2) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through (G) as 
        subparagraphs (E) through (H), respectively; and
            (3) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following:
                    ``(D) Requirements for swap transactions in 
                illiquid markets.--
                            ``(i) Definition of illiquid markets.--In 
                        this subparagraph, the term `illiquid markets' 
                        means any market in which the volume and 
                        frequency of trading in swaps is at such a 
                        level as to allow identification of individual 
                        market participants.
                            ``(ii) Requirements.--Notwithstanding 
                        subparagraph (C), the Commission shall--
                                    ``(I) provide by rule for the 
                                public reporting of swap transactions, 
                                including price and volume data, in 
                                illiquid markets that are not cleared 
                                and entered into by a nonfinancial 
                                entity that is hedging or mitigating 
                                commercial risk in accordance with 
                                subsection (h)(7)(A); and
                                    ``(II) ensure that the swap 
                                transaction information described in 
                                subclause (I) is available to the 
                                public not sooner than 30 days after 
                                the swap transaction has been executed 
                                or at such later date as the Commission 
                                determines appropriate to protect the 
                                identity of participants and positions 
                                in illiquid markets and to prevent the 
                                elimination or reduction of market 
                                liquidity.''.

SEC. 4. TREATMENT OF AFFILIATES.

    Section 2(h)(7)(D)(i) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 
2(h)(7)(D)(i)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``An affiliate'' and inserting ``A person 
        that is a financial entity and is an affiliate'';
            (2) by striking ``(including affiliate entities 
        predominantly engaged in providing financing for the purchase 
        of the merchandise or manufactured goods of the person)''; and
            (3) by striking ``and as an agent''.

SEC. 5. APPLICABILITY TO BONA FIDE HEDGE TRANSACTIONS OR POSITIONS.

    Section 4a(c) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 6a(c)) is 
amended--
            (1) in the second sentence of paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``into the future for which'' and inserting ``in the future, to 
        be determined by the Commission, for which either an 
        appropriate swap is available or''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``subsection (a)(2)'' and all that follows 
                through ``position that--'' and inserting ``paragraphs 
                (2) and (5) of subsection (a) for swaps, contracts of 
                sale for future delivery, or options on the contracts 
                or commodities, a bona fide hedging transaction or 
                position is a transaction or position that--''; and
                    (B) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by striking ``of 
                risks'' and inserting ``or management of current or 
                anticipated risks''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) Commission definition.--The Commission may further 
        define, by rule or regulation, what constitutes a bona fide 
        hedging transaction or position so long as the rule or 
        regulation is consistent with the requirements of subparagraphs 
        (A) and (B) of paragraph (2).''.

SEC. 6. REPORTING AND RECORDKEEPING.

    Section 4g(f) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 6g(f)) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``(f) Nothing contained in this section'' 
        and inserting the following:
    ``(f) Authority of Commission To Make Separate Determinations 
Unimpaired.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
        nothing in this section''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Exception.--If the Commission imposes any requirement 
        under this section on any person that is not registered, or 
        required to be registered, with the Commission in any capacity, 
        that person shall satisfy the requirements of any rule, order, 
        or regulation under this section by maintaining a written 
        record of each cash or forward transaction related to a 
        reportable or hedging commodity interest transaction, futures 
        contract, option on a futures contract, or swap.
            ``(3) Sufficiency.--A written record described in paragraph 
        (2) shall be sufficient if the written record--
                    ``(A) memorializes the final agreement between the 
                parties, including the material economic terms of the 
                transaction; and
                    ``(B) is identifiable and searchable by 
                transaction.''.

SEC. 7. MARGIN REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Commodity Exchange Act Amendment.--Section 4s(e) of the 
Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 6s(e)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
            ``(4) Applicability with respect to counterparties.--The 
        requirements of paragraphs (2)(A)(ii) and (2)(B)(ii), including 
        the initial and variation margin requirements imposed by rules 
        adopted pursuant to paragraphs (2)(A)(ii) and (2)(B)(ii), shall 
        not apply to a swap in which a counterparty qualifies for an 
        exception under section 2(h)(7)(A) or 2(h)(7)(D), or an 
        exemption issued under section 4(c)(1) from the requirements of 
        section 2(h)(1)(A) for cooperative entities as defined in that 
        exemption.''.
    (b) Securities Exchange Act Amendment.--Section 15F(e) of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78o-10(e)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Applicability with respect to counterparties.--The 
        requirements of paragraphs (2)(A)(ii) and (2)(B)(ii) shall not 
        apply to a security-based swap in which a counterparty 
        qualifies for an exception under section 3C(g)(1) or satisfies 
        the criteria in section 3C(g)(4).''.
    (c) Implementation.--The amendments made by this section to the 
Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) shall be implemented--
            (1) without regard to--
                    (A) chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code; and
                    (B) the notice and comment provisions of section 
                553 of title 5, United States Code;
            (2) through the promulgation of an interim final rule, 
        pursuant to which public comment is sought before a final rule 
        is issued; and
            (3) such that paragraph (1) shall apply solely to changes 
        to rules and regulations, or proposed rules and regulations, 
        that are limited to and directly a consequence of the 
        amendments.

SEC. 8. ANALYSIS BY THE COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION OF THE 
              COSTS AND BENEFITS OF REGULATIONS AND ORDERS.

    Section 15(a) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 19(a)) is 
amended by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--Before promulgating a regulation under 
        this Act or issuing an order (except as provided in paragraph 
        (3)), the Commission, acting through the Office of the Chief 
        Economist, shall--
                    ``(A) state a justification for the regulation or 
                order;
                    ``(B) state the baseline for the cost-benefit 
                analysis and explain how the regulation or order 
                measures costs against the baseline;
                    ``(C) assess the costs and benefits, both 
                qualitative and quantitative, of the intended 
                regulation or order;
                    ``(D) measure, and seek to improve, the actual 
                results of regulatory requirements; and
                    ``(E) propose or adopt a regulation or order only 
                on a reasoned determination that the benefits of the 
                intended regulation or order justify the costs of the 
                intended regulation or order (recognizing that some 
                benefits and costs are difficult to quantify).
            ``(2) Considerations.--In making a reasoned determination 
        of costs and benefits under paragraph (1), the Commission shall 
        consider--
                    ``(A) the protection of market participants and the 
                public;
                    ``(B) the efficiency, competitiveness, and 
                financial integrity of futures and swaps markets;
                    ``(C) the impact on market liquidity in the futures 
                and swaps markets;
                    ``(D) price discovery;
                    ``(E) sound risk management practices;
                    ``(F) the cost of available alternatives to direct 
                regulation;
                    ``(G) the degree and nature of the risks posed by 
                various activities within the scope of the jurisdiction 
                of the Commission;
                    ``(H) whether, consistent with obtaining regulatory 
                objectives, the regulation or order is tailored to 
                impose the least burden on society, including market 
                participants, individuals, businesses of differing 
                sizes, and other entities (including small communities 
                and governmental entities), taking into account, to the 
                extent practicable, the cumulative costs of regulations 
                and orders;
                    ``(I) whether the regulation or order is 
                inconsistent, incompatible, or duplicative of other 
                Federal regulations and orders; and
                    ``(J) whether, in choosing among alternative 
                regulatory approaches, those approaches maximize net 
                benefits (including potential economic, environmental, 
                and other benefits, distributive impacts, and 
                equity).''.
[EX A]: End-User Protection Act of 2014 - Amends the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to exceptions to the requirement that any swap be cleared by a derivatives clearing organization either registered under that Act, or exempted from registration, if the swap is required to be cleared. Revises the definition of a financial entity subject to such requirement to exclude one that: (1) is a commercial market participant predominantly engaged in activities in the business of banking, or in activities that are financial in nature, but is not supervised by a prudential regulator; or (2) is considered as predominantly engaged in activities in the business of banking or in financial activities because it regularly enters into foreign exchange or derivatives transactions on behalf of, or to hedge or mitigate the commercial risk of, one or more other entities within the entity's same commercial enterprise, or because of making loans to one or more of such other entities. Directs the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) to provide by rule for the public reporting of swap transactions, including price and volume data, in illiquid markets that are not cleared and entered into by a nonfinancial entity that is hedging or mitigating commercial risk. Defines &quot;illiquid&quot; as any market in which the volume and frequency of trading in swaps is at such a level as to allow identification of individual market participants. Requires the CFTC to ensure that such swap transaction information is not available to the public until 30 days after the transaction has been executed, or at an appropriate later date, in order to: (1) protect the identity of participants and positions in illiquid markets, and (2) prevent the elimination or reduction of market liquidity. Accords financial entities exempt from swap-clearing requirements the same treatment as exempted affiliates. Revises the exemption of bona fide hedge transactions or positions from certain trading limitations to set criteria for CFTC rules or regulations treating swaps, contracts of sale for future delivery, or options on the contracts or commodities as bona fide hedge transactions or positions also exempt from those limitations. Declares that, if the CFTC imposes any reporting and recordkeeping requirement on any person that is not registered, or required to be registered, with the CFTC, that person shall satisfy the requirements of any pertinent rule, order, or regulation by maintaining a written record of each cash or forward transaction related to a reportable or hedging commodity interest transaction, futures contract, option on a futures contract, or swap. Makes such a written record sufficient if it: (1) memorializes the final agreement between the parties, including the transaction's material economic terms; and (2) is identifiable and searchable by transaction. States that certain requirements for adoption of rules governing capital and margin requirements for swap dealers and major swap participants, including the initial and variation margin requirements imposed by rules adopted according to such requirements, shall not apply to a swap in which a counterparty qualifies for specified exceptions or exemptions. Revises requirements for a CFTC cost-benefit analysis made before an order is issued. Requires the CFTC, acting through the Office of the Chief Economist, among other things to:  state a justification for the regulation or order; state the baseline for the cost-benefit analysis and explain how the regulation or order measures costs against the baseline; assess the costs and benefits, both qualitative and quantitative, of the intended regulation or order; measure, and seek to improve, the actual results of regulatory requirements; and propose or adopt a regulation or order only on a reasoned determination that the benefits of the intended regulation or order justify its costs. 

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``International Student and Scholar 
Access Act of 2004''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The United States has a strategic need to improve its 
        student visa screening process to protect against terrorists 
        who would abuse the system to harm the United States.
            (2) At the same time, openness to international students 
        and exchange visitors serves longstanding and important United 
        States foreign policy, educational, and economic interests, and 
        the erosion of such exchanges is contrary to United States 
        national security interests.
            (3) Educating successive generations of future world 
        leaders in the United States has long been an important 
        underpinning of United States international influence and 
        leadership.
            (4) Open scientific exchange, which enables the United 
        States to benefit from the knowledge of the world's top 
        scientists, has long been an important underpinning of United 
        States scientific leadership.
            (5) The United States has seen a dramatic increase in 
        requests for Visa Mantis checks designed to protect against 
        illegal transfers of sensitive technology, from 1,000 in fiscal 
        year 2000 to 20,000 in fiscal year 2003.
            (6) Delays in issuing Visa Mantis security clearances have 
        discouraged some international scholars from coming to the 
        United States.
            (7) International students and their families studying in 
        the United States contribute close to $12,000,000,000 to the 
        United States economy each year, making higher education a 
        major service sector export.
            (8) Delays in obtaining student visas have discouraged many 
        international students from studying in the United States.
            (9) Total international applications to graduate schools in 
        the United States for fall 2004 declined 32 percent from fall 
        2003.
            (10) The number of international students enrolled in the 
        United States, which in raw numbers consistently increased over 
        time and grew by 6 percent during both the 2000-2001 and 2001-
        2002 school years, leveled off dramatically during the 2002-
        2003 school year to an increase of only .6 percent.
            (11) Concerns related to the anticipated international 
        student monitoring system known as ``SEVIS'' have contributed 
        to the decline in the number of foreign applicants to 
        educational institutions in the United States.
            (12) The United States requires a visa system for exchange 
        programs that maximizes United States national security.
            (13) The United States requires a comprehensive strategy 
        for recruiting international students as well as enhancing the 
        access of international students to higher education in the 
        United States.

 TITLE I--NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR ENHANCING INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ACCESS 
                          TO THE UNITED STATES

SEC. 101. STRATEGIC PLAN.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the President, in consultation with United States higher education 
institutions, organizations that participate in international exchange 
programs, and other appropriate groups, shall submit to the Committee 
on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International 
Relations of the House of Representatives a strategic plan for 
enhancing international student access to the United States for study 
and exchange activities that includes:
            (1) A marketing plan to makes use of Internet and other 
        media resources to promote and facilitate study in the United 
        States by international students.
            (2) A clear division of responsibility that eliminates 
        duplication and promotes inter-agency cooperation with regard 
        to the roles of the Departments of State, Commerce, Education, 
        and Homeland Security in promoting and facilitating access 
to the United States for international student and exchange visitors.
            (3) A mechanism for institutionalized coordination of the 
        efforts of Departments of State, Commerce, Education, and 
        Homeland Security in facilitating access to the United States 
        for international student and exchange visitors.
            (4) An effective mandate and strategic plan for use of the 
        overseas educational advising centers of the Department of 
        State to promote study in the United States and to prescreen 
        visa applicants.
            (5) Well-defined lines of authority and responsibility for 
        international students in the Department of Commerce.
            (6) A clear mandate related to international student access 
        for the Department of Education.
            (7) Streamlined procedures within the Department of 
        Homeland Security related to international student and exchange 
        visitors.

SEC. 102. ANNUAL REPORTS TO CONGRESS.

    (a) In General.--The President, acting through the Secretary of 
State and in consultation with the Secretary of Education, Secretary of 
Commerce, and Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit an annual 
report on the implementation of the national strategy developed in 
accordance with section 101 to Congress that would describe the 
following:
            (1) Measures undertaken to enhance international student 
        access to the United States and improve inter-agency 
        coordination with regard to international students and exchange 
        visitors as provided in section 101.
            (2) Measures taken to implement section 202.
            (3) The number of student and exchange visitors who apply 
        for visas from the United States, and the number whose visas 
        are approved.
            (4) The average processing time for student and 
        international visitor visas.
            (5) The number of student and international visitor visas 
        requiring inter-agency review.
            (6) The number of student and international visitor visas 
        approved after submission of the visa applications during each 
        of the following durations:
                    (A) Less than 15 days.
                    (B) 15-30 days.
                    (C) 31-45 days.
                    (D) 46-60 days.
                    (E) 61-90 days.
                    (F) More than 90 days.
    (b) Submission of Report.--Not later than May 30 of 2005, and 
annually thereafter through 2008, the President shall submit to 
Congress the report described in subsection (a).

SEC. 103. REFORMING SEVIS FEE PROCESS.

    (a) Reduced Fee for Short-Term Study.--Section 641(e)(4)(A) of the 
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 
U.S.C. 1372(e)(4)(A)) is amended in the second sentence, by inserting 
before the period the following: ``or the admission of an alien under 
section 101(a)(15)(F) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1101(a)(15)(F)) for a program that does not exceed 90 days''.
    (b) Improving Fee Collection.--Not later than 60 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security and 
the Secretary of State shall jointly submit to the Committee on Foreign 
Relations and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the 
Committee on International Relations and the Committee on the Judiciary 
of the House of Representatives a report on the feasibility of 
collecting the fee required by section 641(e) of the Illegal 
Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 
1372(e))--
            (1) in local currency at local financial institutions under 
        procedures established by the Secretary of State; and
            (2) by universities as part of a student's tuition and 
        fees.

SEC. 104. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of State, 
Department of Education, Department of Homeland Security, and 
Department of Commerce such sums as may be necessary to carry out the 
activities described in section 101.

                  TITLE II--IMPROVING THE VISA PROCESS

SEC. 201. SENSE OF CONGRESS; PURPOSE.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
            (1) improvements in visa processing would enhance the 
        national security of the United States by--
                    (A) permitting closer scrutiny of visa applicants 
                who might pose risks; and
                    (B) permitting the timely adjudication of visa 
                applications of those whose presence in the United 
                States serves important national interests; and
            (2) improvements must include--
                    (A) an operational visa policy that articulates the 
                national interest of the United States in denying entry 
                to visitors who seek to harm the United States and in 
                opening entry to legitimate visitors, to guide consular 
                officers in achieving the appropriate balance;
                    (B) a greater focus by the visa system on visitors 
                who require special screening, while minimizing delays 
                for legitimate visitors;
                    (C) a timely, transparent, and predictable visa 
                process, through appropriate guidelines for inter-
                agency review of visa applications; and
                    (D) a provision of the necessary resources to fund 
                a visa processing system that meets the requirements of 
                this title.
    (b) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this title to specify the 
improvements described in subsection (a).

SEC. 202. VISA PROCESSING GUIDANCE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary of State--
            (1) shall issue appropriate guidance to consular officers 
        in order to--
                    (A) give consulates appropriate discretion to grant 
                waivers of personal appearance in order to minimize 
delays for legitimate travelers while permitting more thorough 
interviews of visa applicants in appropriate cases;
                    (B) give consulates appropriate discretion to allow 
                security clearances under the Visas Mantis system to be 
                valid for the duration of status or program, in order 
                to avoid repetitive reviews of those visitors who leave 
                the United States temporarily; and
                    (C) establish a presumption of visa approval for 
                frequent visitors who have previously been granted 
                visas for the same purpose and who have no status 
                violations; and
            (2) in consultation with the Director of the Office of 
        Science and Technology Policy and appropriate representatives 
        of the United States scientific community, shall issue 
        appropriate guidance to consular officers in order to refine 
        controls on the entry of visitors who propose to engage in 
        study or research in advanced science and technology in order 
        to ensure that only cases of concern, and not nonsensitive 
        cases, are subjected to special review.
    (b) Timeliness Standards.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the President shall institute guidelines for 
inter-agency review of visa applications requiring security clearances 
which establish the following standards for timeliness in international 
student and visitor visas:
            (1) Establish a 15-day standard for responses to the 
        Department of State by other agencies involved in the clearance 
        process.
            (2) Establish a 30-day standard for completing the entire 
        inter-agency review and advising the consulate of the result of 
        the review.
            (3) Provide for expedited processing of any visa 
        application with respect to which a review is not completed 
        within 30 days, and for advising the consulate of the delay and 
        the estimated processing time remaining.
            (4) Require the establishment of a process by which the 
        applicant, or the program to which the applicant seeks access, 
        can inquire about the application's status and the estimated 
        processing time remaining.
            (5) Establish a special review process to resolve any cases 
        whose resolution is still pending after 60 days.

SEC. 203. INTEROPERABLE DATA SYSTEMS AT THE FBI.

    (a) Responsibilities of the FBI Director.--The Director of the 
Federal Bureau of Investigation shall take the steps necessary to 
ensure that--
            (1) the Federal Bureau of Investigation's databases and 
        systems used in the National Name Check Program are 
        interoperable with the requisite databases and systems at the 
        Department of State;
            (2) the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation are 
        automated and a common database is set up between the field 
        offices and headquarters of the Federal Bureau of 
        Investigation; and
            (3) the Federal Bureau of Investigation has full 
        connectivity to the Consular Consolidated Database through the 
        Open Source Information System.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall 
report to the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and the House 
of Representatives on progress in implementing subsection (a).

SEC. 204. SETTING REALISTIC STANDARDS FOR VISA EVALUATIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 101(a)(15)(F)(i) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(F)(i)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``having a residence in a foreign country 
        which he has no intention of abandoning'' and inserting 
        ``having the intention, capability, and sufficient financial 
        resources to complete a course of study in the United States''; 
        and
            (2) by striking ``and solely'' after ``temporarily''.
    (b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--Section 214(b) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1184(b)) is amended by 
striking ``subparagraph (L) or'' and inserting ``subparagraph (F), (J), 
(L), or''.

SEC. 205. REPORT.

    Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Secretary of State shall report to the Committee on Foreign 
Relations of the Senate and the Committee on International Relations of 
the House of Representatives on--
            (1) the feasibility of expediting visa processing for 
        participants in official exchange programs, and for students, 
        scholars, and exchange visitors through prescreening of 
        applicants by sending countries, sending universities, State 
        Department overseas educational advising centers, or other 
        appropriate entities;
            (2) the feasibility of developing abilities to collect 
        biometric data without requiring a visit to the Embassy by the 
        visa applicant; and
            (3) the implementation of the guidance described in 
        subsections (a) and (b) of section 202, including the training 
        of consular officers, and the effect of this guidance and 
        training on visa processing volume and timeliness.

SEC. 206. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be 
necessary to carry out to carry out this Act for the consular affairs 
function of the Department of State, the visa application review 
function of the Department of Homeland Security, and for database 
improvements in the Federal Bureau of Investigations as specified in 
section 203.
[EX A]:
International Student and Scholar Access Act of 2004 - Directs the President to submit to specified congressional committees a strategic plan for enhancing international student access to the United States for study and exchange activities.

Amends the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 to provide for reduced fees in cases of short-term study, under the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS). Directs the Secretaries of State and of Homeland Security to report on improving SEVIS fee collection.

Expresses the sense of Congress on improving the visa process. Directs the Secretary of State to issue certain guidance on visa processing.

Requires the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to ensure that: (1) FBI databases and systems used in the National Name Check Program are interoperable with the requisite databases and systems at the Department of State; (2) FBI files are automated and a common database is set up between FBI field offices and headquarters; and (3) the FBI has full connectivity to the Consular Consolidated Database through the Open Source Information System.



Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to revise standards for visa evaluations for those having the intention, capability, and financial resources to complete a course of study in the United States.