instruction:
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
question:
One reactant for this reaction is best prepared by an S N 2 nucleophilic addition of a triphenyl compound, followed by elimination of the hydrogen halide by an organolithium reagent. This reaction itself proceeds through a rather unique intermediate formed when the pi electron from the reagents carbon-oxygen double bond migrates to the positively charged pole of one reactant; this intermediate is called a an oxaphosphetane, from which a triphenyl oxide is eliminated to complete the reaction. The aforementioned positively charged pole is on phosphorous because the aforementioned prepared reactant is a phosphorous ylide. For ten points, name this reaction that produces selectively double-bonded alkenes from aldehydes and phosphorous ylides and that is named for the German 1979 Chemistry Nobel winner.
answer:
Science


question:
In this work, a definition of justice as "what is good for the stronger" is given by Thrasymachus. In this work, a story about the killer of King Candaules of Lydia is used to describe how people are just out of necessity. That story in this work tells of the [*] "Ring of Gyges." This work describes chained prisoners who watch shadows pass before them. This work combines ideas about the "divided line" and the sun into its "Allegory of the Cave." For 10 points, name this work that proposes a government ruled by philosopher kings, a dialogue on government by Plato.
answer:
Literature


question:
Their distinguishing characteristic results from the conversion of helium plus ions into alpha particles in their atmospheres. This causes their atmospheres to expand until the reverse reaction takes over and restores their size to their initial magnitudes. They were discovered in 1784 by John Goodricke, and Harlow Shapley employed them to show that the Magellanic Clouds are not part of the Milky Way by using their characteristic period-luminosity relationship, which was first demonstrated by Henrietta Leavitt. FTP, what are these stars useful in measuring intergalactic distances and whose prototypical example is Delta Cephei
answer:

Science