instruction:
In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.
question:
Question: Which actor was cast as the title role in the Batwoman series following her appearance in the crossover? Passage 1:In May 2018, The CW president Mark Pedowitz and Arrow lead Stephen Amell announced at The CW's upfront presentation that Batwoman, fighting alongside the other Arrowverse heroes, would be introduced in the upcoming crossover. The fictional Gotham City would also appear. Despite the inclusion of the character and city, the crossover would not include the television series Gotham that airs on Fox. That July, the CW was planning a potential standalone Batwoman series after her appearance in the crossover; Caroline Dries, who was creating and writing the potential Batwoman series, was expected to consult on the crossover. It was confirmed that Legends of Tomorrow would not feature in the crossover. Legends of Tomorrow co-showrunner Phil Klemmer said because the crossover was being used to launch the Batwoman-led series, "it just became over capacity", and that because Legends of Tomorrow would have a 16-episode season, the crossover would have been "a tonal speed-bump, or a departure, and we just don't have time to step away from our story this year". Despite not being part of the official crossover, Legends of Tomorrow co-showrunner Keto Shimizu revealed "Legends of To-Meow-Meow", the show's episode airing the week of the crossover, would be "crossing over with ourselves" through the use of alternate time periods, and Adam Tsekhman guest stars as Gary Green in the Supergirl episode.
 Passage 2:Giunta was born in Ottawa to Colleen Wrighte and Michael Giunta. She has a brother, Macallan, and a sister, Marley. Giunta sang in the Ottawa Central Children's Choir from age 9 to 15, and began voice training with Charlotte Stewart in Ottawa at age 13. She attended Lisgar Collegiate Institute, and graduated high school from Glebe Collegiate Institute. At 17, she began her post-secondary studies in voice at The University of Ottawa, completing freshman and sophomore years. She then transferred to The Glenn Gould School of The Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto in her junior year, receiving her Performance Diploma (Voice) at age 21 and her Artist Diploma (Voice) at age 23. While a student, she achieved first place in the Royal Conservatory Orchestra Concerto Competition. She attended training programs at the Aspen Music Festival and School, the Ravinia Festival, the Internationale Meistersinger Akademie, the Georg Solti Accademia and the Banff Centre. She graduated from the Canadian Opera Company Ensemble Studio in 2011, and both the Metropolitan Opera Lindemann Young Artist Development Program and The Juilliard School Artist Diploma in Opera Studies in 2013. She has studied extensively with both Jean MacPhail in Toronto, and Edith Wiens in New York.
 Passage 3:He played for a variety of sides in two stints in the National Soccer League. The first stint was played almost entirely for Sydney United, for whom he played as a junior, and which culminated in playing in their runner-up 1996/97 side. After that season he moved to NAC Breda in the Netherlands, and after 2 seasons there went to Croatia's NK Rijeka, where he was the club's top scorer in 2000/01 with 10 goals. On his return to the NSL in season 2001/02, he rejoined Sydney United for a brief stay, before moving to city rival Sydney Olympic during the same season. He would spend the rest of the season and the next playing there, including scoring the only goal of the 2001/02 Grand Final against Perth Glory. In the final he was awarded the Joe Marston Medal, delivering Sydney Olympic their second NSL title, as well as playing in the runner up side the following season against Perth Glory.

answer:
1


question:
Question: How long was Robert in the Parliament? Passage 1:Sugahara was born in Otsu on June 14, 1981. After graduating from Shizuoka Gakuen High School, he moved to Brazil and joined Mirassol in 2000. In 2001, he returned to Japan and joined J1 League club Kashiwa Reysol. Although he debuted in 2002, he could hardly play in the match. In 2003, he moved to J1 club Vissel Kobe. However he could hardly play in the match. In 2004, he moved to J2 League club Sagan Tosu. However he could hardly play in the match. In 2005, he moved to Japan Football League (JFL) club Ehime FC. Although he could not play many matches, the club won the champions and was promoted to J2 end of 2005 season. In 2006, he moved to Regional Leagues club Zweigen Kanazawa. He played many matches and many goals. In 2007, he moved to Regional Leagues club Grulla Morioka. He played many matches and scored many goals in 2 seasons. In 2009, he moved to JFL club TDK (later Blaublitz Akita). He played many matches in 2 seasons. In 2011, he moved to JFL club Sony Sendai. However he could not play many matches. In 2012, he moved to JFL club Hoyo Oita. However he could not play many matches. In 2013, he moved to JFL club Blaublitz Akita again for the first time in 3 years and played many matches. In 2014, he moved to newly was promoted to J3 League club, Grulla Morioka for the first time in 6 years. He retired end of 2014 season.
 Passage 2:Richard Bennet (d.1619), a Councillor at Law, built Hexworthy House as his seat within the parish. The Bennet family originated in Sussex and settled at Hexworthy during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603). His son was Col. Robert Bennet (1605–1683) of Hexworthy, a Member of Parliament during the Civil War and a noted commander of the Parliamentarian forces. His descendant Richard Bennett-Coffin (d.1796) was the son of Edward Bennett of Lawhitton by his wife Honor Coffin (born 1682), 11th daughter of Richard Coffin (1623-1700) of Portledge in the parish of Alwington in North Devon, lord of the manor of Alwington and Sheriff of Devon in 1683. Richard Bennett-Coffin (d.1796) became heir to the Coffin estates following the death of his childless uncle Richard Coffin (1684-1766). The Coffin family had been established at Alwington since the reign of King Henry II (1154-1189), and remained there in unbroken male succession until 1766. He adopted the name and arms of Coffin, but died without progeny at Esher in Surrey and was buried at Lawhitton where survives his monument. His heir was Rev. John Pine-Coffin (1735-1824), eldest surviving grandson of Dorothy Coffin (1651-1690), eldest daughter of Richard Coffin (1623-1700), who in 1672 married Edward Pyne (1648-1675) of East Down. Her descendants remained seated at East Down manor house until 1866, the Pyne family having occupied it since the 13th century. The last in the Pine-Coffin family to occupy Portledge manor house was Richard Geoffrey Pine-Coffin (1908-1974).
 Passage 3:Columbia (; ) is the female personification of the United States. It was also a historical name used to describe the Americas and the New World. It has given rise to the names of many persons, places, objects, institutions and companies; for example: Columbia University, the District of Columbia (the national capital of the United States), and the ship Columbia Rediviva, which would give its name to the Columbia River. Images of the Statue of Liberty largely displaced personified Columbia as the female symbol of the United States by around 1920, although Lady Liberty was seen as an aspect of Columbia. The District of Columbia is named after the personification, as is the traditional patriotic hymn "Hail Columbia", which is the official vice presidential anthem of the United States Vice President.

answer:
2


question:
Question: Of the different football associations West Nally is a partner to, which was established first? Passage 1:Having been introduced to the journalist, BBC presenter and sports commentator Peter West in 1969, Nally founded the West Nally Group the following year as a public relations agency with a specialised sporting events mandate. With West as chairman, and managing director Nally its driving force, the company would go on to redefine the sports business industry by pioneering the offering to 'blue chip' companies of exclusive, off-the-shelf packages of sponsorship rights to the world's largest sports tournaments on behalf of the world's leading sports federations. Early successes included securing investment to establish the Masters in snooker, the Squash World Open, and an annual one-day cricket competition which would run for three decades in the UK. In 1976, on brokering an agreement to sponsor the FIFA World Cup, the company assured its reputation as a leading innovator within the expanding sports marketing field. Employing over 400 staff in 14 offices across 11 countries in its heyday in the 1980s and 1990s, West Nally has served as partner to, among others, the International Olympic Committee, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), the Davis Cup and Federation Cup in tennis, the Hockey World Cup, the International Swimming Federation (FINA), the International Rowing Federation (FISA), the International Cycling Union (UCI) and the FIS World Ski Cup. The company helped secure the financial foundations of the first London Marathon, held in 1981, before playing an instrumental role in the inception of the International Association of Athletics Federations' Track and Field Program and in initiating the World Athletics Championships, first held in Helsinki in 1983. For the International Rugby Board (IRB), West Nally helped to commercially package and launch the Rugby World Cup, first held in 1987 in Australia and New Zealand. Known within the industry as the 'university of sports marketing' on account of its comprehensive training procedures responsible for cultivating a generation of leading sports business executives, the company's founder Patrick Nally was in 1988 described by Marketing magazine, along with Adidas owner Horst Dassler and IMG founder Mark McCormack, as one of the "three godfathers of sport" who at one time, between them, "controlled the commercial destinies of almost every major sports event in the world". Credited with first perceiving and harnessing sport's unique potential as a medium for global brand communication, Nally is today alternatively hailed as "the 'Founding Father' of sports marketing", "the father of modern sports marketing", "the founding father of the sports business industry", "the godfather of sports sponsorship" and the 'Dean' of the 'Sports Marketing University'. In 2009, his pioneer status within the industry was recognised with a nomination in the 'Outstanding Contribution' category at SportBusiness Magazine's annual Sports Event Management Awards.
 Passage 2:Pearce's first experience of senior football came in the Northern NSW State League Division 1, for Newcastle Jets youth, where coach (and former Australian international) Clayton Zane praised Pearce's potential and passing ability. For the 2014 National Premier Leagues season, Pearce moved to Broadmeadow Magic. In October 2014, it was announced that Pearce had joined Central Coast Mariners' youth squad to play in the 2014–15 National Youth League. He was called up to the senior squad for the first time and was an unused substitute against Sydney FC in an A-League match in November 2014 following an injury to Liam Reddy. Reddy's departure in late 2015 and suspension and international selection for Paul Izzo led Pearce and fellow young 'keeper Tom Heward-Belle to be called up to the senior side. He made his A-League debut for the Mariners in a loss to Western Sydney Wanderers in April 2016. Pearce was in A-League action again a week later, coming on as an early substitute after Paul Izzo suffered a concussion in the opening minute of an eventual loss to Newcastle Jets. On 6 April 2017, he signed a one-year professional contract with Central Coast Mariners.
 Passage 3:Agriculture is seen to be one of the main players in the depletion of soil richness in human history. Certain agricultural practices can deplete soil of carbon, such as monoculture, failing to rotate crops sufficiently, and intensive livestock grazing. Soil that is low in carbon will not support plant life and is susceptible to desertification. Without plants, soil cannot hold water sufficiently, and will become dry and brittle over time. Agroecology is an overarching category of approaches to creating a more sustainable agricultural system and increase the health of soil. It includes "permaculture", originally being a combination of the words "permanent" and "agriculture", which is a systems thinking approach that can increase the carbon content of soil by using natural patterns in already existing ecosystems to promote a higher efficiency of food production, a lower need for human involvement, and a healthier ecosystem. Permaculture focuses on using the land and a strong knowledge of plants, animals and natural cycles to create ecosystems that yield plentiful produce and help keep themselves healthy and productive. This can be done through intentional landscaping that would utilize as much rainfall as possible or placing nitrogen fixing plants near another crop that might need them. Agroecology also includes the ideas of holistic management. This approach stems from the work of Allan Savory who claims that planned grazing can improve soil health and reverse the effects of desertification.

answer:

1