In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

In one work, this thinker consults with a monk to better understand the concept of proximate power. This thinker divided hypotheses into three categories depending on what absurdities would be implied by accepting the hypothesis as true or false. This man participated in the Formulary Controversy with a series of letters in which he attacked Antonio Escobar's use of casuistry and lambasted the moral lapses of the Jesuits. After a carriage accident and a subsequent religious vision, he published his Memorial, which led to him taking up the cause of the Jansenists. He is the namesake of an idea that suggests that the belief in God represents the possibility of infinite gain while only imposing a finite loss. For 10 points, name this author of the Provincial Letters and Pensees, a French philosopher who is the namesake of a "wager" and a mathematical triangle.
Social Science

This organelle's lamina helps support its shape. Some protists have both a macro and micro version of this organelle. One part of this organelle is the location of ribosome synthesis, while importins and exportins assist in transport in and out of this organelle. This organelle, whose envelope is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, has pores in its double membrane. Transcription occurs within this organelle, which disappears during mitosis as its chromatin assemble into chromosomes. For 10 points, name the control center of the cell.
Science

Wild plants on islands off the Pacific coast of Canada demonstrate this phenomenon because the range of seed size is much smaller than the range of the same wild plants on the Canadian mainland. It has also been observed in the Finnish people as they exhibit considerably less genetic variation than other Europeans, supporting the hypothesis that Finns are descended from a small group of people who settled in Finland 4000 years ago. FTP, name the genetic drift that results when a small number of individuals from a large population colonize a new area.

Science