In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[Q]: Context: The measurement of affective symptoms in older persons who decline cognitively is uncertain. The authors investigated whether mood variability predicts dementia in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).', 'Three-year observational study after a clinical trial.', 'Community follow-up of outpatients ascertained from retina clinics.', 'One hundred sixty patients with AMD.', "Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) administered every 2 weeks for 6 months to subjects; Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) administered to subjects' knowledgeable informants.", 'Twenty-three subjects (14.4%) declined cognitively. Age, education, baseline GDS score > or =5, and variability in GDS scores (i.e., fluctuations between adjacent time points) were associated with cognitive decline. For GDS variability, each 1 unit increase in the residual standard deviation (SD) of the GDS increased the risk for cognitive decline by 93% (IDR = 1.92; 95% CI [1.27-2.91]). Thus, subjects with a residual SD of 1 were nearly twice as likely to become demented as subjects with no variability in GDS scores. The risk for subjects with SDs of 2 increased more than threefold (IDR = 3.68; 95% CI [1.61-8.47]). A multiple regression analysis showed that GDS variability was a significant risk factor for dementia after controlling for significant covariates.\Question: Does variability in depressive symptoms predict cognitive decline in age-related macular degeneration?
[A]: These data suggest a useful approach to conceptualizing and measuring depressive symptoms in older persons. Variability in self-reported mood may be an early sign of dementia and may offer new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms linking depression and cognition


[Q]: Context: This study examines the prevalence and correlates of self-reported premenstrual symptoms among a large, population-based sample of reproductive age, active-duty women.', 'Data were obtained from a combined dataset of two large-scale mail surveys designed to represent the total force. Subjects included in the present study were 6026 active-duty women of all branches of military service stratified by service, paygrade group, race/ethnicity, and location. A multivariate approach is used to evaluate the interrelationships among psychosocial and lifestyle correlates of premenstrual symptoms or pain after controlling for demographic differences in women who reported premenstrual symptoms or pain during the past 3 months (cases) and those who did not (controls).', 'Premenstrual symptoms were reported by nearly 2 of every 3 reproductive age women. Women reporting premenstrual symptoms were more likely to report other symptoms of menstrual dysfunction, two or more current medical conditions, migraines, and healthcare provider visits in the past year. After controlling for the protective effects of taking Depo-Provera (Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI) and ever being pregnant, younger age, trying to lose weight, heavier drinking, poorer self-perceived health, and overall job stress were the most significant predictors of premenstrual symptoms. The greatest risk factor was a high level of job stress, with an almost 3-fold increase in risk relative to those without symptoms.\Question: Does psychosocial and lifestyle correlate of premenstrual symptoms among military women?
[A]: Work stress may mediate the relationship among depression and premenstrual symptoms. Further research is needed to elucidate the biological interrelationships among work stress, hormonal function, and premenstrual symptomatology.


[Q]: Context: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with cardiac injury and dysfunction. Whether aneurysm clipping versus coiling has a differential effect on the risk of troponin release and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after SAH is unknown. It is hypothesized that aneurysm treatment does not affect the risk of developing cardiac injury and dysfunction.', 'The study included 172 consecutive SAH patients who underwent clipping (n = 109) or coiling (n = 63) aneurysm therapy. Hemodynamic data were collected, cardiac troponin I was measured, and echocardiography was performed on the 1st, 3rd, and 6th days after enrollment. A cardiac troponin I measurement of more than 1.0 microg/L was considered abnormal. For each echocardiographic examination, a blinded observer measured LV ejection fraction (abnormal if <50%) and quantified LV regional wall motion abnormalities. The incidence of cardiac outcomes in the treatment groups was compared using odds ratios (ORs).', 'The coiled patients were older than the clipped patients (mean age, 59 +/- 13 yr versus 53 +/- 12 yr; t test, P < 0.001) and were more likely to have posterior aneurysms (33% versus 18%; chi(2) test, P = 0.019). There were no significant between-group differences in the risk of cardiac troponin I release (coil 21% versus clip 19%; OR = 0.89, P = 0.789), regional wall motion abnormalities (33% versus 28%; OR = 0.76, P = 0.422), or LV ejection fraction lower than 50% (16% versus 17%; OR = 1.06, P = 0.892). No patient died of cardiac causes (heart failure, myocardial infarction, or arrhythmia).\Question: Is cardiac injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage independent of the type of aneurysm therapy?
[A]:
Surgical and endovascular aneurysm therapies were associated with similar risks of cardiac injury and dysfunction after SAH. The presence of neurocardiogenic injury should not affect aneurysm treatment decisions.