TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
    This Act may be cited as the ``American Innovation $1 Coin Act''.
SEC. 2. AMERICAN INNOVATION $1 COIN PROGRAM.
    Section 5112 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by 
inserting after subsection (v) the following new subsection:
    ``(w) Redesign and Issuance of $1 Coins Honoring Innovation and 
Innovators From Each State, the District of Columbia, and Each 
Territory.--
        ``(1) Redesign beginning in 2019.--
            ``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding subsection (d)(1) and 
        subsection (d)(2) and in accordance with the provisions of this 
        subsection, during the 14-year period beginning on January 1, 
        2019 (or such later date as provided under subparagraph 
        (B)(ii)), the Secretary of the Treasury shall mint and issue $1 
        coins to be known as `American Innovation $1 coins', that--
                ``(i) have designs on the obverse selected in 
            accordance with paragraph (2)(A); and
                ``(ii) have a design on the reverse selected in 
            accordance with paragraph (2)(B).
            ``(B) Continuity provisions.--
                ``(i) In general.--Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), 
            the Secretary shall continue to mint and issue $1 coins 
            honoring Native Americans and their contributions in 
            accordance with subsection (r).
                ``(ii) First coin.--Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), 
            if the Secretary finds that it is feasible and cost-
            effective, the Secretary may mint and issue a $1 coin in 
            2018 to introduce the series of coins described in this 
            subsection, that--

                    ``(I) has the obverse described under paragraph 
                (2)(A);
                    ``(II) has a reverse that bears the inscription 
                `United States of America' and `American Innovators' 
                and a representation of the signature of President 
                George Washington on the first United States patent 
                issued;
                    ``(III) has the edge-incusing described under 
                paragraph (2)(C); and
                    ``(IV) the design for which has reviewed by the 
                Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee.

            ``(C) Definition of territory.--For purposes of this 
        subsection, the term `territory' means the Commonwealth of 
        Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin 
        Islands, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
        ``(2) Design requirements.--Notwithstanding subsection (d)(1) 
    and subsection (d)(2), the $1 coins issued in accordance with 
    paragraph (1)(A) shall meet the following design requirements:
            ``(A) Coin obverse.--The common design on the obverse of 
        each coin issued under this subsection shall contain--
                ``(i) a likeness of the Statue of Liberty extending to 
            the rim of the coin and large enough to provide a dramatic 
            representation of Liberty;
                ``(ii) the inscription `$1'; and
                ``(iii) the inscription `In God We Trust'.
            ``(B) Coin reverse.--The design on the reverse of each coin 
        issued under this subsection shall bear the following:
                ``(i) An image or images emblematic of one of the 
            following from one of the 50 States, the District of 
            Columbia, or the territories of the United States:

                    ``(I) A significant innovation.
                    ``(II) An innovator.
                    ``(III) A group of innovators.

                ``(ii) The name of the State, the District of Columbia, 
            or territory, as applicable.
                ``(iii) The inscription `United States of America'.
            ``(C) Edge-incused inscriptions.--
                ``(i) In general.--The inscription of the year of 
            minting or issuance of the coin, the mint mark, and the 
            inscription `E Pluribus Unum' shall be edge-incused into 
            the coin.
                ``(ii) Preservation of distinctive edge.--The edge-
            incusing of the inscriptions under clause (i) on coins 
            issued under this subsection shall be done in a manner that 
            preserves the distinctive edge of the coin so that the 
            denomination of the coin is readily discernible, including 
            by individuals who are blind or visually impaired.
        ``(3) Issuance of coins commemorating innovation or 
    innovators.--
            ``(A) Order of issuance.--
                ``(i) In general.--The coins issued under this 
            subsection commemorating either an innovation, an 
            individual innovator, or a group of innovators, from each 
            State, the District of Columbia, or a territory shall be 
            issued in the following order:

                    ``(I) State.--With respect to each State, the coins 
                shall be issued in the order in which the States 
                ratified the Constitution of the United States or were 
                admitted into the Union, as the case may be.
                    ``(II) District of columbia and territories.--After 
                all coins are issued under subclause (I), the coins 
                shall be issued for the District of Columbia and the 
                territories in the following order: the District of 
                Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, 
                American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, and 
                the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

                ``(ii) Application in event of the admission of 
            additional states.--Notwithstanding clause (i), if any 
            additional State is admitted into the Union before the end 
            of the 14-year period referred to in paragraph (1), the 
            Secretary of the Treasury may issue a $1 coin with respect 
            to the additional State in accordance with clause (i)(I).
                ``(iii) Application in the event of independence or 
            adding of a territory.--Notwithstanding clause (i)--

                    ``(I) if any territory becomes independent or 
                otherwise ceases to be a territory of the United States 
                before $1 coins are minted pursuant to this subsection, 
                the subsection shall cease to apply with respect to 
                such territory; and
                    ``(II) if any new territory is added to the United 
                States, $1 coins shall be issued for such territories 
                in the order in which the new the territories are 
                added, beginning after the $1 coin is issued for the 
                Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

            ``(B) Issuance of coins commemorating four innovations or 
        innovators during each of 14 years.--
                ``(i) In general.--Four $1 coin designs as described in 
            this subsection shall be issued during each year of the 
            period referred to in paragraph (1) until 1 coin featuring 
            1 innovation, an individual innovator, or a group of 
            innovators, from each of the States, the District of 
            Columbia, and territories has been issued.
                ``(ii) Number of coins of each design.--The Secretary 
            shall prescribe, on the basis of such factors as the 
            Secretary determines to be appropriate, the number of $1 
            coins that shall be issued with each of the designs 
            selected for each year of the period referred to in 
            paragraph (1).
        ``(4) Selection of concept and design.--
            ``(A) Concept.--With respect to each State, the District of 
        Columbia, and each territory to be honored with a coin under 
        this subsection, the selection of the significant innovation, 
        innovator, or group of innovators to be borne on the reverse of 
        such coin shall be made by the Secretary of the Treasury, after 
        consultation with the Governor or other chief executive of the 
        State, the District of Columbia, or territory with respect to 
        which a coin is to be issued under this subsection.
            ``(B) Design.--Each of the designs required under this 
        subsection shall be selected by the Secretary after--
                ``(i) consultation with--

                    ``(I) the Governor or other chief executive of the 
                State, the District of Columbia, or territory with 
                respect to which a coin is to be issued under this 
                subsection; and
                    ``(II) the Commission of Fine Arts; and

                ``(ii) review by the Citizens Coinage Advisory 
            Committee.
            ``(C) Selection and approval process.--Proposals for 
        designs for $1 coins under this subsection may be submitted in 
        accordance with the design selection and approval process 
        developed by the Secretary in the sole discretion of the 
        Secretary.
            ``(D) Standards.--Because it is important that the Nation's 
        coinage and currency bear dignified designs of which the 
        citizens of the United States can be proud, the Secretary shall 
        not select any frivolous or inappropriate design for any $1 
        coin minted under this subsection.
            ``(E) Prohibition on certain representations.--No head and 
        shoulders portrait or bust of any person and no portrait of a 
        living person may be included in the design of any coin issued 
        under this subsection.
        ``(5) Treatment as numismatic items.--For purposes of sections 
    5134 and 5136, all $1 coins minted under this subsection shall be 
    considered to be numismatic items.
        ``(6) Issuance of numismatic coins.--The Secretary may mint and 
    issue such number of $1 coins of each design selected under this 
    subsection in uncirculated and proof qualities as the Secretary 
    determines to be appropriate.
        ``(7) Termination of program.--The issuance of coins under this 
    subsection shall terminate when one innovation, an individual 
    innovator, or a group of innovators, from each State, the District 
    of Columbia, and each territory has been honored and may not be 
    resumed except by an Act of Congress.''.

                               Speaker of the House of Representatives.

                            Vice President of the United States and    
                                               President of the Senate.

SOLUTION: American Innovation $1 Coin Act (Sec. 2) This bill directs the Department of the Treasury, over a 14-year period beginning in 2019, to mint and issue "American Innovation" $1 coins commemorating innovation and innovators from each state, each U.S. territory, and the District of Columbia.  Such coins shall be issued in the order in which the states ratified the Constitution or were admitted into the Union. After all such coins are issued, coins shall be issued for the District of Columbia and the territories.  Treasury shall issue four coins per year until a coin has been issued for each jurisdiction.  Neither the bust of any person nor the portrait of any living person may be included in the design of the coins. The bill instructs Interior to continue to mint and issue $1 coins honoring Native Americans and their contributions. 

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``International Cooperative 
Antiterrorism Act of 2002''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The use of terrorism is detestable and an illegitimate 
        means of political expression.
            (2) International terrorist organizations pose a direct 
        threat to the United States, and this threat is becoming more 
        acute and more difficult to prevent.
            (3) The threat from international terrorism is made far 
        more dangerous by the proliferation of chemical, biological, 
        and radiological weapons and the means to produce those 
        weapons.
            (4) The prosecution of the war against international 
        terrorist organizations must continue until those organizations 
        and the threat they pose to the people and interests of the 
        United States are eliminated.
            (5) The United States can only win the war on terrorism if 
        it receives cooperation from other countries and entities.
            (6) Protecting the United States homeland and United States 
        interests overseas from terrorism is of the highest priority in 
        the foreign relations of the United States.
            (7) Cooperation in the global war against international 
        terrorism must be a primary focus of United States foreign 
        relations, United States assistance, and international security 
        relations.
            (8) Winning the war on terrorism requires cooperation from 
        the international community, especially in the areas of 
        preventing the financing of terror, sharing information on 
        international terror networks, eliminating terror cells, and in 
        preventing the promotion of anti-Americanism and the 
        glorification of terrorism in state-owned media and state-
        controlled schools.
            (9) The promotion of terrorism, intolerance, and virulent 
        anti-Americanism in state-owned media and state-controlled 
        education systems is abhorrent and poses a long-term threat to 
        the safety and security of the United States as well as the 
        community of nations.
            (10) All countries and entities must be encouraged to 
        cooperate in the global war on international terrorism.
            (11) Many foreign governments and entities are doing little 
        to counter proterrorist and prointolerance messages to mass 
        audiences, including to school age children.
            (12) Countries providing direct or indirect assistance to 
        international terrorist organizations undermine the direct 
        security interests of the United States.
            (13) Countries demonstrating indifference to or providing 
        actual endorsement of international terror as a legitimate 
        political tool make a direct threat to the security interests 
        of the United States.
            (14) The National Commission on Terrorism established by 
        section 591 of the Foreign Operations Export Financing, and 
        Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999, as enacted by Public 
        Law 105-277 (112 Stat. 2681-210), concluded that the United 
        States should strengthen its efforts to discourage the broad 
        range of assistance that countries provide to international 
        terrorists.
            (15) The National Commission on Terrorism further 
        recommends that the President make more effective use of 
        authority to designate foreign governments as ``not fully 
        cooperative'' with the United States counterterrorism efforts.
            (16) United States assistance programs and the transfer of 
        United States Munitions List items are a critical tool of 
        United States foreign policy and winning the global war on 
        terrorism.
            (17) Countries receiving United States assistance and the 
        export of items on the United States Munitions List must be 
        obligated to support the global war on international terror.
            (18) Several existing laws, including the USA Patriot Act 
        of 2001, the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 
        1996, the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, the Arms Export 
        Control Act, and the Export Administration Act of 1979 (or 
        successor statute), prohibit the provision of United States 
        assistance, and the licensing for export of items on the United 
        States Munitions List, to countries supporting terror or not 
        fully cooperating in antiterror efforts of the United States. 
        These laws should be expanded to include the definition of 
        ``fully cooperative in the global war against international 
        terrorism'' set forth in this Act, including preventing 
        promotion of terror in state-owned and controlled media and 
        educational systems.

SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    It shall be the policy of the United States that--
            (1) no United States assistance may be provided to any 
        foreign country or entity that is not making a maximum effort 
        to be fully cooperative in the global war against international 
        terrorism; and
            (2) no license for export of an item on the United States 
        Munitions List to a country or entity may be issued if that 
        country or entity is not making a maximum effort to be fully 
        cooperative in the war against international terrorism.

SEC. 4. PROHIBITION ON UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE AND COMMERCIAL ARMS 
              EXPORTS.

    (a) United States Assistance.--No United States assistance, other 
than humanitarian assistance and cooperative nonproliferation and 
counterproliferation programs, may be provided to any country or entity 
if the President determines that such country or entity is not making a 
maximum effort to be fully cooperative in the global war against 
international terrorism.
    (b) Commercial Arms Exports.--No license for the export of an item 
on the United States Munitions List to any country or entity may be 
issued if the President determines that such country or entity is not 
making a maximum effort to be fully cooperative in the global war 
against international terrorism.

SEC. 5. REQUIREMENT FOR AN ANNUAL REPORT.

    (a) Requirement for Report.--The President, in consultation with 
the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the 
Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
Development, and the Director of Central Intelligence, shall prepare an 
annual report that--
            (1) lists each country or entity for which the President 
        has determined that there is credible evidence that such 
        country or entity is not being fully cooperative in the global 
        war against international terrorism under section 4; and
            (2) describes for each country or entity listed under 
        paragraph (1)--
                    (A) the specific failures of each country or entity 
                to be fully cooperative in the global war on 
                international terrorism;
                    (B) the reasons why such country or entity is not 
                fully cooperative;
                    (C) the efforts being made by the United States 
                Government to promote greater adherence by such 
                countries or entities with the global war on 
                international terrorism; and
                    (D) any removal of a country or entity from the 
                list in paragraph (1).
    (b) Dissemination.--The report required by this section shall--
            (1) be submitted to Congress every year by December 31; and
            (2) not be classified, except that the report may contain a 
        classified addendum, if necessary.

SEC. 6. PRESIDENTIAL WAIVER.

    United States assistance or exports prohibited by section 4 may be 
provided to a country or entity described in that section if the 
President--
            (1) determines that permitting such assistance or exports 
        is essential to the national security interests of the United 
        States; and
            (2) not later than 15 days before permitting such 
        assistance or exports, furnishes a report describing the United 
        States assistance or exports to be provided to the appropriate 
        committees of Congress.

SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Expression of support for terrorism against the united 
        states.--The term ``expression of support for terrorism against 
        the United States'' means actions or expressions that are 
        designed to provoke anti-American action, especially of a 
        violent nature, or to glorify the use of violence against 
        citizens or government officials of the United States.
            (2) Fully cooperative in the global war against 
        international terrorism.--The term ``fully cooperative in the 
        global war against international terrorism'' means a country or 
        entity that is--
                    (A) preventing the financing of terrorism, 
                including preventing--
                            (i) direct financial payments to any 
                        terrorist organization;
                            (ii) any terrorist organization or any 
                        entity supporting a terrorist organization from 
                        receiving financial services such as brokering, 
                        lending, or transferring currency or credit;
                            (iii) any person from soliciting funds or 
                        items of value for a terrorist group; and
                            (iv) any humanitarian or other 
                        nongovernmental organization from providing 
                        financial support to terrorist organizations;
                    (B) sharing intelligence information with the 
                United States, including--
                            (i) releasing information to the United 
                        States related to any terrorist organization;
                            (ii) cooperating in investigations 
                        conducted by the United States; and
                            (iii) providing, to the extent possible, 
                        individuals suspected of or supporting 
                        terrorist organizations to United States 
                        investigators; and
                    (C) acting against terrorist organizations, 
                including--
                            (i) preventing terrorist organizations from 
                        committing or inciting to commit terrorist acts 
                        against the United States or its interests 
                        overseas;
                            (ii) preventing terrorist organizations 
                        from operating safe houses or providing 
                        transportation, communication, false 
                        documentation, identification, weapons 
                        (including chemical, biological, or 
                        radiological weapons), explosives, or training 
                        to terrorists; and
                            (iii) in the cases of a country--
                                    (I) investigating suspected 
                                terrorists within its national 
                                territory;
                                    (II) enforcing international 
                                agreements and United Nations Security 
                                Council Resolutions against terrorism; 
                                and
                                    (III) curbing any domestic 
                                expression of support for terrorism 
                                against the United States and its 
                                allies in state-owned media, state-
                                sanctioned gatherings, state-governed 
                                religious institutions, and state-
                                sanctioned school and textbooks.
            (3) Humanitarian assistance.--The term ``humanitarian 
        assistance'' means any humanitarian goods and services, 
        including foodstuffs, medicines, and health assistance 
        programs.
            (4) Terrorist organization.--The term ``terrorist 
        organization'' means an organization designated as a foreign 
        terrorist organization by the Secretary of State under section 
        219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189).
            (5) United states assistance.--The term ``United States 
        assistance'' means--
                    (A) any assistance under the Foreign Assistance Act 
                of 1961 (including programs under title IV of chapter 
                2, relating to the Overseas Private Investment 
                Corporation);
                    (B) sales, or financing on any terms, under the 
                Arms Export Control Act;
                    (C) the provision of agricultural commodities, 
                other than food, under the Agricultural Trade 
                Development and Assistance Act of 1954; and
                    (D) financing under the Export-Import Bank Act of 
                1945.
            (6) United states munitions list.--The term ``United States 
        Munitions List'' means the defense articles and defense 
        services controlled by the President under section 38 of the 
        Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778).

SOLUTION: International Cooperative Antiterrorism Act of 2002 - Prohibits the provision of U.S. assistance (except humanitarian assistance and cooperative nonproliferation and counterproliferation programs), or the issuance of a license for the export of an item on the U.S. Munitions List, to any country or entity that the President has determined is not making a maximum effort to be fully cooperative in the global war against international terrorism. Authorizes the President to waive the requirements of this Act in the national security interests of the United States.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Tallying of the Actual Liabilities 
Act of 2013'' or the ``TOTAL Act of 2013''.

SEC. 2. PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN UNFAIR OR DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRACTICES 
              RELATING TO PRICES OF PRODUCTS AND SERVICES SOLD ONLINE.

    (a) Retailer Defined.--In this section, the term ``retailer'' means 
a person--
            (1) over whom the Federal Trade Commission has jurisdiction 
        under section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 
        U.S.C. 45(a)); and
            (2) whose business includes selling products or services.
    (b) Requirement for Price Transparency.--A retailer may not sell a 
product or a service to a person through the use of an Internet website 
without presenting the person with the total amount that the retailer 
expects to collect from the person as part of the transaction of 
selling the product or service to the person, including all fees, 
taxes, and shipping and handling charges, before the person commits to 
purchasing the product or service.
    (c) Enforcement by Federal Trade Commission.--
            (1) Unfair or deceptive act or practice.--A violation of 
        subsection (b) shall be treated as a violation of a rule 
        defining an unfair or deceptive act or practice described under 
        section 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 
        U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B)).
            (2) Powers of commission.--
                    (A) In general.--The Federal Trade Commission shall 
                enforce this section in the same manner, by the same 
                means, and with the same jurisdiction, powers, and 
                duties as though all applicable terms and provisions of 
                the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) 
                were incorporated into and made a part of this section.
                    (B) Privileges and immunities.--Any person who 
                violates this section shall be subject to the penalties 
                and entitled to the privileges and immunities provided 
                in the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et 
                seq.).
                    (C) Rulemaking.--The Federal Trade Commission may 
                promulgate standards and rules to carry out this 
                section in accordance with section 553 of title 5, 
                United States Code.
    (d) Enforcement by States.--
            (1) In general.--In any case in which the attorney general 
        of a State has reason to believe that an interest of the 
        residents of the State has been or is threatened or adversely 
        affected by the engagement of any person subject to subsection 
        (b) or a standard or rule promulgated under this section in a 
        practice that violates such subsection, standard, or rule, the 
        attorney general of the State may, as parens patriae, bring a 
        civil action on behalf of the residents of the State in an 
        appropriate district court of the United States--
                    (A) to enjoin further violation of such subsection, 
                standard, or rule by such person;
                    (B) to compel compliance with such subsection, 
                standard, or rule; or
                    (C) to obtain such other injunctive relief as the 
                court considers appropriate.
            (2) Rights of federal trade commission.--
                    (A) Notice to federal trade commission.--
                            (i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (iii), the attorney general of a State 
                        shall notify the Federal Trade Commission in 
                        writing that the attorney general intends to 
                        bring a civil action under paragraph (1) before 
                        initiating the civil action.
                            (ii) Contents.--The notification required 
                        by clause (i) with respect to a civil action 
                        shall include a copy of the complaint to be 
                        filed to initiate the civil action.
                            (iii) Exception.--If it is not feasible for 
                        the attorney general of a State to provide the 
                        notification required by clause (i) before 
                        initiating a civil action under paragraph (1), 
                        the attorney general shall notify the Federal 
                        Trade Commission immediately upon instituting 
                        the civil action.
                    (B) Intervention by federal trade commission.--The 
                Federal Trade Commission may--
                            (i) intervene in any civil action brought 
                        by the attorney general of a State under 
                        paragraph (1); and
                            (ii) upon intervening--
                                    (I) be heard on all matters arising 
                                in the civil action; and
                                    (II) file petitions for appeal of a 
                                decision in the civil action.
            (3) Investigatory powers.--Nothing in this subsection may 
        be construed to prevent the attorney general of a State from 
        exercising the powers conferred on the attorney general by the 
        laws of the State to conduct investigations, to administer 
        oaths or affirmations, or to compel the attendance of witnesses 
        or the production of documentary or other evidence.
            (4) Preemptive action by federal trade commission.--If the 
        Federal Trade Commission institutes a civil action or an 
        administrative action with respect to a violation of subsection 
        (b) or a standard or rule promulgated under this section, the 
        attorney general of a State may not, during the pendency of 
        such action, bring a civil action under paragraph (1) against 
        any defendant named in the complaint of the Commission for the 
        violation with respect to which the Commission instituted such 
        action.
            (5) Venue; service of process.--
                    (A) Venue.--Any action brought under paragraph (1) 
                may be brought in--
                            (i) the district court of the United States 
                        that meets applicable requirements relating to 
                        venue under section 1391 of title 28, United 
                        States Code; or
                            (ii) another court of competent 
                        jurisdiction.
                    (B) Service of process.--In an action brought under 
                paragraph (1), process may be served in any district in 
                which the defendant--
                            (i) is an inhabitant; or
                            (ii) may be found.
            (6) Actions by other state officials.--
                    (A) In general.--In addition to civil actions 
                brought by attorneys general under paragraph (1), any 
                other officer of a State who is authorized by the State 
                to do so may bring a civil action under paragraph (1), 
                subject to the same requirements and limitations that 
                apply under this subsection to civil actions brought by 
                attorneys general.
                    (B) Savings provision.--Nothing in this subsection 
                may be construed to prohibit an authorized official of 
                a State from initiating or continuing any proceeding in 
                a court of the State for a violation of any civil or 
                criminal law of the State.
    (e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to limit the authority of the Federal Trade Commission under 
any other provision of law.

SOLUTION:
Tallying of the Actual Liabilities Act of 2013 or the TOTAL Act of 2013 - Prohibits a retailer under the jurisdiction of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) from selling a product or service through an Internet website without presenting the total transaction amount it expects to collect from the potential purchaser (including all fees, taxes, and shipping and handling charges) before the person commits to the purchase. Sets forth authority for: (1) the FTC to enforce a violation of this Act as an unfair or deceptive act or practice, and (2) states to bring civil actions on behalf of residents threatened or adversely affected by such a violation.