instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
The cutaneous microcirculation vasodilates during acute 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT, simulated microgravity) relative to upright conditions, more in the lower body than in the upper body.', 'We expected that relative magnitudes of and differences between upper and lower body cutaneous blood flow elevation would be sustained during initial acclimation to simulated microgravity.', 'We measured cutaneous microvascular blood flow with laser-Doppler flowmetry at the leg (over the distal tibia) and cheek (over the zygomatic arch) of eight healthy men before, during, and after 24 h of HDT. Results were calculated as a percentage of baseline value (100% measured during pre-tilt upright sitting).', 'Cutaneous blood flow in the cheek increased significantly to 165 +/- 37% (mean +/- SE, p < 0.05) at 9-12 h HDT, then returned to near baseline values by 24 h HDT (114 +/- 29%, NSD), despite increased local arterial pressure. Microvascular flow in the leg remained significantly elevated above baseline throughout 24 h HDT (427 +/- 85% at 3 h HDT and 215 +/- 142% at 24 h HDT, p < 0.05). During the 6-h upright sitting recovery period, cheek and leg blood flow levels returned to near pre-tilt baseline values.
answer:
Does simulated microgravity increase cutaneous blood flow in the head and leg of humans?


question:
Fetal hypoxia is an important determinant of neonatal encephalopathy caused by birth asphyxia, in which hypoxia-induced free radical formation plays an important role.', 'Maternal treatment with allopurinol, will cross the placenta during fetal hypoxia (primary outcome) and reduce S-100B and free radical formation (secondary outcome).', 'In a randomized, double-blind feasibility study, 53 pregnant women in labor (54 fetuses) with a gestational age of >36 weeks and fetal hypoxia, as indicated by abnormal/nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing or fetal scalp pH of <7.20, received 500 mg of allopurinol or placebo intravenously. Severity of fetal hypoxia, brain damage and free radical formation were assessed by arterial cord blood lactate, S-100B and non-protein-bound-iron concentrations, respectively. At birth, maternal and cord blood concentrations of allopurinol and its active metabolite oxypurinol were determined.', 'Allopurinol and oxypurinol concentrations were within the therapeutic range in the mother (allopurinol > 2 mg/L and/or oxypurinol > 4 mg/L) but not always in arterial cord blood. We therefore created 3 groups: a placebo (n = 27), therapeutic allopurinol (n = 15), and subtherapeutic allopurinol group (n = 12). Cord lactate concentration did not differ, but S-100B was significantly lower in the therapeutic allopurinol group compared with the placebo and subtherapeutic allopurinol groups (P < .01). Fewer therapeutic allopurinol cord samples had measurable non-protein-bound iron concentrations compared with placebo (P < .01).
answer:
Does maternal allopurinol during fetal hypoxia lower cord blood levels of the brain injury marker S-100B?


question:
The transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) is an osmosensitive channel that responds to mechanical stimulation. We hypothesized that TRPV4 could be important in visceral nociception and in the development of hypersensitivity.', 'TRPV4 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Calcium signaling and patch-clamp studies were performed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons validating the use of 4alphaPDD as a selective TRPV4 agonist. The effects of TRPV4 activation on visceral nociception were evaluated in mice that received intracolonically TRPV4 agonist (4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate [4alphaPDD]) and in TRPV4-deficient mice in which abdominal muscle contractions in response to colorectal distention (CRD) were recorded. Intervertebral injections of TRPV4 or mismatch small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to specifically down-regulate TRPV4 expression in sensory neurons and to investigate the role of TRPV4 in basal visceral nociception or in protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR(2)) activation-induced visceral hypersensitivity.', 'TRPV4 agonist 4alphaPDD specifically activated a cationic current and calcium influx in colonic projections of DRG neurons and caused dose-dependent visceral hypersensitivity. TRPV4-targeted but not mismatched siRNA intervertebral treatments were effective at reducing basal visceral nociception, as well as 4alphaPDD or PAR(2) agonist-induced hypersensitivity. Effects of the TRPV4 ligand were lost in TRPV4-deficient mice.
answer:

Does transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 have a major role in visceral hypersensitivity symptoms?