TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: He gave the example of a chicken which comes to expect a never-ending source of food as it is fattened up only to one day then be slaughtered in a work which refuted inductive reasoning as a source of absolute certainty. In another of his works, he regards one of the titular activities as a Catholic practice designed to prevent incest, leading to his expulsion from a teaching post. In addition to The Problem of Philosophy and Marriage and Morals, he wrote The Scientific Outlook and delivered the Mans Peril broadcast on BBC. Jean-Paul Sartre attended his tribunal, where he exposed American atrocities in Vietnam, years after his winning the Nobel prize in 1950 for literature. His most famous work developed the theory of types in mathematical logic. For ten points, name this philosopher who wrote Principia Mathematica along with Alfred North Whitehead.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: The allegretto vivace scherzo of one of this man's symphonies opens with a fugato in which first violins, then second violins, violas, and celli in turn enter with the leggiero theme. He used a nearly opposite order of entry in the fugato development of the adagio second movement of another symphony. This composer's aria "De mon amie" was based on that movement, and the symphony borrows heavily from Charles Gounod's Symphony in D. French horns imitate church bells in the "Carillon" movement of one suite by this composer of the Roma Symphony. The prelude to that suite and farandole from a later suite both quote the "March of the Kings," and both came from incidental music for an Alphonse Daudet play. For 10 points, name this French composer who wrote a Symphony in C at seventeen, as well as L'Arlesienne and the operas The Pearl Fishers and Carmen.

SOLUTION: Fine Arts

PROBLEM: The definition of the acentric factor includes the negative log of the reduced form of this quantity, when the reduced temperature is 0.7. A pure liquid's fugacity is approximated as the product of the fugacity coefficient, the Poynting factor, and this quantity. This quantity is not unitless, but it is smaller for the heavy key component during separations. The logarithm of this quantity varies linearly with one over temperature by (*) Antoine's equation. At high concentrations, a component's partial pressure equals its mole fraction times this quantity according to Raoult's Law. It equals atmospheric pressure at the boiling point. For 10 points, name this quantity, the pressure of gas above a solution.

SOLUTION:
Science