In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).

Q: Context: Lori Anne Loughlin (born July 28, 1964) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her role as Rebecca Donaldson-Katsopolis on the ABC sitcom "Full House", appearing in the series from 1988 to 1995 and its sequel as a recurring character on "Fuller House". From 2008 to 2011, she played Debbie Wilson on the The CW series "90210" (200811, 2012), a spin-off of "Beverly Hills, 90210". She is also known for playing Ava Gregory on the The WB series "Summerland" (200405), which she also co-created and produced., Full House is an American coming of age sitcom created by Jeff Franklin for ABC. The show chronicles a widowed father, Danny Tanner, who enlists his brother-in-law and best friend to help raise his three daughters. It aired from September 22, 1987, to May 23, 1995, broadcasting eight seasons and 192 episodes., Beverly Hills, 90210 is an American drama television series that ran for ten seasonsoriginally airing from October 4, 1990, to May 17, 2000, on Fox, and was produced by Spelling Television in the United Statesand subsequently on numerous networks around the world. It is the first of five television series in the "Beverly Hills, 90210" franchise. The show follows the lives of a group of friends living in the upscale and star-studded community of Beverly Hills, California as they make their way through high school to college and into the adult world., Richard Treat Williams (born December 1, 1951) is a Golden Globe and Emmy award-nominated American actor and children's book author who has appeared on film, stage and television. He first became well known for his starring role in the 1979 film "Hair", and later also starred in the films "Prince of the City", "Once Upon a Time in America", "The Late Shift" and "127 Hours". From 2002 to 2006, he was the lead of the television series "Everwood" and was nominated for two Screen Actors Guild Awards., 127 Hours is a 2010 British-American biographical survival drama film directed, co-written, and produced by Danny Boyle. The film stars James Franco as Aron Ralston. In "127 Hours", canyoneer Aron Ralston becomes trapped by a boulder in an isolated slot canyon in Blue John Canyon, southeastern Utah, in April 2003. It is a British and American venture produced by Everest Entertainment, Film4 Productions, HandMade Films and Cloud Eight Films., Critical Mass is a low budget action film released straight - to - video in 2001 starring Treat Williams , Lori Loughlin , and Udo Kier and directed by Fred Olen Ray , credited as Ed Raymond . The film features scenes taken straight from other films such as Terminator 2 : Judgment Day and Universal Soldier spliced into newly filmed scenes to make up its action sequences ., Fred Olen Ray (born September 10, 1954) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, actor, and cinematographer., Udo Kier (born Udo Kierspe; 14 October 1944) is a German actor who has appeared in over 200 films., Once Upon a Time in America is a 1984 Italian-American epic crime drama film co-written and directed by Italian filmmaker Sergio Leone and starring Robert De Niro and James Woods. Based on Harry Grey's novel "The Hoods", it chronicles the lives of Jewish ghetto youths who rise to prominence in New York City's world of organized crime. The film explores themes of childhood friendships, love, lust, greed, betrayal, loss, broken relationships, and the rise of mobsters in American society., Subject: critical mass , Relation: publication_date, Options: (A) 1 (B) 10 (C) 14 (D) 17 (E) 1944 (F) 1964 (G) 1984 (H) 1987 (I) 1990 (J) 1995 (K) 200 (L) 2000 (M) 2003 (N) 2004 (O) 2010 (P) 2011 (Q) 22 (R) 28 (S) 4 (T) april 2003

A: 2000
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Q: Context: A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state., The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. It extends southwards for about from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan (East Sea) to the east, and the Yellow Sea (West Sea) to the west, the Korea Strait connecting the first two bodies of water., The Korea Strait is a sea passage between Japan and South Korea, connecting the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan in the northwest Pacific Ocean. The strait is split by the Tsushima Island into the western channel and the Tsushima Strait (eastern channel)., East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural terms. Geographically and geopolitically, it includes China, Hong Kong, and Macao; Mongolia and Taiwan; North and South Korea; and Japan; it covers about , or about 28% of the Asian continent, about twice the area of Europe., Koreans (alternatively , see names of Korea) are an ethnic group native to the whole Korean Peninsula and southeastern Manchuria. Koreans mainly live in the two Korean nation states, South Korea and North Korea (collectively referred to simply as Korea), but are also an officially recognized minority in China, Japan, Russia, Uzbekistan and a number of other former Soviet Union states. Over the course of the 20th century, significant Korean communities have emerged in Australia, United States, Canada and, to a lesser extent, other nations with primarily immigrant background. As of 2013, there were an estimated 7.4 million ethnic Korean expatriates around the world., An ethnic group or ethnicity is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities, such as common ancestral, language, social, cultural or national experiences. Unlike other social groups (wealth, age, hobbies), ethnicity is often an inherited status based on the society in which one lives. In some cases, it can be adopted if a person moves into another society. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language or dialect, symbolic systems such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, and physical appearance., China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower., There are various names of Korea in use today, derived from ancient kingdoms and dynasties. The modern English name Korea is an exonym derived from the Goryeo period and is used by both North Korea and South Korea in international contexts. In the Korean language, the two Koreas use different terms to refer to the nominally unified nation: Chosn in North Korea, and Hanguk in South Korea., Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara., Manchuria is a modern name, first created by Japanese, given to a large geographic region in Northeast Asia. Depending on the context, Manchuria can either refer to a region that falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or a larger region divided between China and Russia. The region that falls entirely within modern China is now usually referred to as Northeast China in China, although "Manchuria" is widely used outside of China to denote the geographical and historical region. This region is the traditional homeland of the Xianbei, Khitan, and Jurchen (later called Manchu) peoples, who built several states historically, although no term for "Manchuria" exists in the Manchu language, which originally referred to the area as the "Three Eastern Provinces"., Hermit kingdom is a term applied to any country , organization or society which willfully walls itself off , either metaphorically or physically , from the rest of the world . The Joseon dynasty of Korea was frequently described as a hermit kingdom during the latter part of the dynasty . The term is still commonplace throughout Korea and is often used by Koreans themselves to describe pre-modern Korea . Today , the term is often applied to North Korea in news media , and in 2009 was used by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton . Other countries , like Bhutan and the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen , have also been described as hermit kingdoms due to their government 's reluctance to engage in dialogue with the outside world . The early African civilization of Axum , now known as Ethiopia , was identified by the Europeans as the `` hermit kingdom '' . The first documented use of `` hermit kingdom '' to refer to Korea is in the title of William Elliot Griffis ' 1882 book Corea : The Hermit Nation , well before the division of Korea ., The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR " ) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. A union of multiple subnational republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party federation, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital., South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a sovereign state in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula., North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK ), is a country in East Asia, in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. Pyongyang is both the nation's capital as well as its largest city. To the north and northwest the country is bordered by China and by Russia along the Amnok (known as the Yalu in China) and Tumen rivers. The country is bordered to the south by South Korea, with the heavily fortified Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two., A nation state is a type of state that joins the political entity of a state to the cultural entity of a nation, from which it aims to derive its political legitimacy to rule and potentially its status as a sovereign state.
A state is specifically a political and geopolitical entity, whilst a nation is a cultural and ethnic one. The term "nation state" implies that the two coincide, in that a state has chosen to adopt and endorse a specific cultural group as associated with it., Korea is a historical state in East Asia, since 1945 divided into two distinct sovereign states: North Korea (officially the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea") and South Korea (officially the "Republic of Korea"). Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea., Japan ("Nippon" or "Nihon" ; formally "" or "Nihon-koku", means "State of Japan") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. , Subject: hermit kingdom, Relation: subclass_of, Options: (A) age (B) area (C) background (D) capital (E) category (F) channel (G) city (H) coast (I) country (J) course (K) cultural heritage (L) english (M) ethnic group (N) federation (O) geographic region (P) government (Q) island (R) japanese (S) korean (T) language (U) mythology (V) name (W) nation (X) party (Y) people (Z) person ([) population (\) republic (]) russian (^) saint (_) society (`) sovereign state (a) state (b) status (c) strait (d) stretching (e) subregion (f) term (g) territory (h) water (i) western (j) yellow

A: sovereign state
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Q: Context: Research and development (R&D or R+D), also known in Europe as research and technical (or technological) development (RTD), is a general term for activities in connection with corporate or governmental innovation. Research and development is a component of Innovation and is situated at the front end of the Innovation life cycle. Innovation builds on R&D and includes commercialization phases., Ophthalmology (or ) is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eyeball. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in medical and surgical eye problems. Since ophthalmologists perform operations on eyes, they are both surgical and medical specialists. A multitude of diseases and conditions can be diagnosed from the eye., The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education is a framework for classifying colleges and universities in the United States. The framework primarily serves educational and research purposes, where it is often important to identify groups of roughly comparable institutions. The classification includes all accredited, degree-granting colleges and universities in the United States that are represented in the National Center for Education Statistics Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS)., The University of California (UC) is a public university system in the U.S. state of California. Under the California Master Plan for Higher Education, the University of California is a part of the state's three-system public higher education plan, which also include the California State University system and the California Community Colleges System., The Association of American Universities (AAU) is an international organization of leading research universities devoted to maintaining a strong system of academic research and education. It consists of 60 universities in the United States (both public and private) and two universities in Canada., The National Science Foundation (NSF) is a United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National Institutes of Health. With an annual budget of about US$7.0 billion (fiscal year 2012), the NSF funds approximately 24% of all federally supported basic research conducted by the United States' colleges and universities. In some fields, such as mathematics, computer science, economics, and the social sciences, the NSF is the major source of federal backing., Medicine (British English ; American English ) is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. The word "medicine" is derived from Latin "medicus", meaning "a physician". Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics, and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, medical devices, biologics, and ionizing radiation, amongst others., A research university is a university that expects all its tenured and tenure-track faculty to continuously engage in research, as opposed to merely requiring it as a condition of an initial appointment or tenure. Such universities can be recognized by their strong focus on innovative research and the prestige of their brand names. On the one hand, research universities strive to recruit faculty who are the most brilliant minds in their disciplines in the world, and their students enjoy the opportunity to learn from such experts. On the other hand, new students are often disappointed to realize their undergraduate courses at research universities are overly academic and fail to provide vocational training with immediate "real world" applications; but many employers value degrees from research universities because they know that such coursework develops fundamental skills like critical thinking. , George Baerveldt , M.B.Ch.B. , is a Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of California , Irvine . Baerveldt developed and currently holds four patents related to the Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant , a device for the drainage of excess fluid from the eye in complex cases of glaucoma . Professor Baerveldt is also one of the inventors of the Trabectome , a device for minimally - invasive glaucoma surgery ., The University of California, Irvine (UCI, UC Irvine, or Irvine), is a public research university located in Irvine, California, United States, and one of the 10 campuses in the University of California (UC) system. UC Irvine offers 80 undergraduate degrees and 98 graduate and professional degrees. The university is designated as having very high research activity in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, and in fiscal year 2013 had $348 million in research and development expenditures according to the National Science Foundation. UC Irvine became a member of the Association of American Universities in 1996, and is the youngest university to hold membership., Subject: george baerveldt, Relation: occupation, Options: (A) academic (B) canada (C) faculty (D) master (E) member (F) ophthalmologist (G) ophthalmology (H) physician (I) physiology (J) research (K) science

A:
ophthalmologist
****