TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
PROBLEM: with the pathological structure of BPD, as seen in the lungs of preterm infants who died and in animal models (3, 7). As the authors note, this study was limited in that the subjects with BPD were stable outpatients younger than 3 years who did not require oxygen therapy at the time of the study. Whether their findings hold true in infants with persistent severe BPD, including those with chronic ventilator-dependent hypoxemic respiratory failure, is not clear. In addition, BPD classification was based on clinical decision making, rather than a physiologic assessment such as the oxygen reduction test (11). In an earlier article, members of this group studied DL CO and its components, DM and Vc, in full-term infants without lung disease and showed that DL CO and Vc (but not DM) correlated with the level of proangiogenic circulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (pCHSPCs) (12). However, this study did not include preterm infants with or without BPD. Both pCHSPCs, also referred to as circulating progenitor cells, as well as late-outgrowth endothelial colony-forming cells, are decreased in the cord blood of preterm infants who later develop moderate or severe BPD (13, 14) . Together, these findings suggest that early disruptions in the number and function of angiogenic progenitor cells, possibly by maternal complications of pregnancy known to be associated with BPD risk, may lead to impaired development of the pulmonary vasculature and sustained impaired gas exchange in preterm infants with BPD. This study shows how a physiologic assessment, such as infant pulmonary function testing, may be used in the clinical setting to provide an estimation of impaired gas exchange in preterm infants with varying degrees of lung injury. Combining functional assays such as this with measurement of pCHSPCs and other angiogenic biomarkers in the cord blood, as well as novel imaging techniques such as quantitative pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (15), will lead to improved disease phenotyping of preterm infants at risk for BPD. Given the spectrum of disease severity among infants with severe BPD (as determined by the currently accepted diagnostic criteria), novel methods such as these will help identify preterm neonates more accurately, permit targeted therapies for the most severely affected infants, and provide quantitative evidence of the efficacy of these interventions in young children after preterm birth (16). n

SOLUTION: Jobe AH, Bancalari E. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

PROBLEM: Factors affecting a residential unit's price are always of interest to homebuyers and building developers, especially in a city like Hong Kong which is known for expensive housing. Literature review indicates that the governing factors can be categorized into architectural and environmental attributes. Among different methods commonly used for pricing, the hedonic price approach is viewed as the most suitable. However, the successful use of this method requires that homebuyers know and choose the attributes. Whilst choosing architectural attributes are not a problem for homebuyers, the same does not apply to environmental attributes. Previous studies by the authors have proposed some simple indicators for quantifying the environmental attributes. Based upon the developed performance indicators and the transaction records of two representative housing estates (Royal Ascot ¼ RA and City One Shatin ¼ COS), details of the properties, including transaction prices, architectural particulars and environmental characteristics were numerically transformed for the hedonic price analysis. The analysis results revealed that the willingness to pay (percentage of house price in parenthesis) for architectural and environmental attributes was HK$302.3/ft 2 (5.8%) and HK$886.8/ft 2 (28.2%), respectively, for RA and HK$1672.7/ ft 2 (31.9%) and HK$111.5/ft 2 (3.5%) for COS. It was found that elasticity of substitution (ES) of environmental attributes contributed 3.4e13.3% of the property price, compared to 0.6e5.5% for architectural attributes.

SOLUTION: Development of price models for architectural and environmental quality for residential developments in Hong Kong

PROBLEM: Background: Cell-based influenza vaccines can solve the problem of the frequent occurrence of egg adaptation-associated antigenic changes observed in egg-based vaccines. Seed viruses for cell-based vaccines can be prepared from clinical specimens by cell culture; however, clinical samples risk harboring respiratory viruses other than influenza virus. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the patterns of co-infection in clinical samples and explore whether cell culture technology can selectively propa-

SOLUTION:
Comparison of suspension MDCK cells, adherent MDCK cells, and LLC-MK2 cells for selective isolation of influenza viruses to be used as vaccine seeds Present addresses