Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: To investigate the inhibition of amyloid beta-protein 42 (Abeta42) production in M146L cells by gamma-schisandrin.', 'M146L cells which can produce considerable Abeta42 in vitro were treated with gamma-schisandrin (1.67, 5.00 and 15.00 microg x mL(-1)), beta-secretase inhibitor (S4562, 100.00 microg x mL(-1)) and gamma-secretase inhibitor (S2188, 13.68 microg x mL(-1)), separately. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to assess cell viability. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to determine the amount of Abeta42. Western blotting was used to examine C99, an intermediary product of APP cleaved by beta-secretase. beta-Secretase and gamma-secretase activities were assayed by commercial kits.', 'The CCK-8 assay indicated that different concentrations of gamma-schisandrin had no neurotoxicity on the cultured M146L. And the ELISA test showed that the amount of Abeta42 secreted by M146L cells treated with gamma-schisandrin (5.00 and 15.00 microg x mL(-1)) decreased obviously as compared with solvent control. The results of Western blotting test indicated that there was no change of C99 contents and beta-secretase activity in gamma-schisandrin treated cells, while gamma-secretase activity decreased obviously.

Output: Does [ Gamma-Schisandrin inhibit production of amyloid beta-protein 42 in M146L cells ]?


Input: Consider Input: Surgical site infections (SSIs) after colectomy for colon cancer (CC), Crohn's disease (CD), and diverticulitis (DD) significantly impact both the immediate postoperative course and long-term disease-specific outcomes. We aim to profile the effect of diagnosis on SSI after segmental colectomy using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data set.", "NSQIP data from 2006 to 2011 were investigated, and segmental colectomy procedures performed for the diagnoses of Crohn's disease, DD, and colon malignancy were included. SSI complications were compared by diagnosis using univariate and multivariate analysis.", 'We included 35,557 colectomy cases in the analysis. CD had the highest rate of postoperative SSI (17 vs. 13% DD vs. 10% CC; p\u2009<\u20090.001). Using CC as the comparison group and controlling for multiple variables, the multivariate analysis showed that the CD group had an increased risk for acquiring at least one SSI (odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20091.38, p\u2009≤\u20090.001), deep incisional SSI (OR\u2009=\u20091.85, p\u2009=\u20090.03), and organ space SSI (OR\u2009=\u20091.51, p\u2009=\u20090.02).

Output: Is crohn 's disease but not diverticulitis an independent risk factor for surgical site infections in colectomy?


Input: Consider Input: Although highly controversial, directto-consumer (DTC) television advertising for prescription drugs is an established practice in the US health care industry. While the US Food and Drug Administration is currently reexamining its regulatory stance, little evidence exists regarding the impact of DTC advertising on patient health outcomes.', 'The objective of this research was to study the relationship between heavy television promotion of 3 major hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors ("statins") and the frequency with which patients are able to attain low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) blood-level goals after treatment with any statin.', 'We used logistic regression to determine achievement of LDL-C goals at 6 months after statin treatment, using electronic medical record extract data from patients from geographically dispersed primary care practices in the United States. We identified LDL-C blood levels as being at or less than goal, as defined by risk-adjusted guidelines published by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute from the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) data. A total of 50,741 patients, identified from 88 practices, were diagnosed with hyperlipidemia and had begun therapy with any statin medication during the 1998-2004 time period. In addition, total dollars spent each month on television advertising at the national and local levels for atorvastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin were obtained. DTC advertising data were merged by local media market where the physician practice was located and by the month in which the patient was first prescribed a statin. The models were run for all patients who initiated therapy, and also on a subsample of patients who continued to receive prescriptions for the drugs for at least 6 months. Logistic regressions were used to predict the likelihood that each patient attained the ATP III LDL-C blood-level goals as a function of DTC advertising and other factors.', 'High levels of national DTC advertising when therapy was initiated were found to increase the likelihood that patients attained LDL-C goals at 6 months by 6% (P < 0.001)-although the effect was concentrated among patients with the least-restrictive ATP III LDL-C goals (<or=160 mg/dL). This result was found in both the entire set of patients as well as the restricted sample of patients who maintained therapy for at least 6 months.


Output: Do effects of direct-to-consumer advertising of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors on attainment of LDL-C goals?