In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Oxidative stress plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiopathogenesis. There were several studies that showed impaired antioxidant defense system (ADS) enzymes expression or activity in AD patients. There are only few studies evaluating the importance of ADS gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as risk factors of AD. We evaluated association between chosen SNPs of the enzymes of the ADS and risk of AD.", 'We included 400 AD patients and 402 healthy controls. We studied rs1041740, rs4998557 and rs2070424 of the SOD1 gene, rs2855116, rs5746136 and rs4880 of the SOD2 gene and rs3448, rs1050450 and rs1800668 of the GPx-1 gene (real time PCR). To determine the APOE gene common polymorphism, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; NCBI SNPs rs429358 and rs7412) were genotyped (TaqMan assays, Applied Biosystems [ABI], Foster City, CA, USA). The genotype and gender frequencies were compared between the studied groups by the χ(2) test and mean age by the t-Student test.', 'Among all studied SNPs only rs2070424 of the SOD1 gene was a protective factor for AD in an additive (OR=0.47; 95% CI=0.30-0.74, p=0.001) and recessive (OR=0.47; 95% CI=0.30-0.75, p=0.002) models including age, gender and APOE gene status.\Question: Is rs2070424 of the SOD1 gene associated with risk of Alzheimer 's disease?

Output: rs2070424 polymorphism of the SOD1 gene is a risk factor for AD in Polish population. Allel G and genotype AG and GG are protective factors for AD.


Input: Consider Input: Context: Mild hypothermia for 72 hours is neuroprotective in newborns with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. A core temperature of 33.5 degrees C might reduce drug clearance leading to potential toxicity. Gentamicin is nephrotoxic and ototoxic at high serum concentrations. No study has investigated the influence of 72 hours of hypothermia on serum gentamicin concentrations (SGCs) in children of any age. We aimed to compare the SGCs in encephalopathic infants who underwent intensive care with therapeutic hypothermia or normothermia.', 'Data were collected retrospectively from 2 NICUs in Bristol, United Kingdom, that offered cooling therapy within clinical trials since 1998. Eligible infants (n = 55) developed grade 2/3 encephalopathy after birth and fulfilled the entry criteria defined in the CoolCap trial. Encephalopathic infants with similar demographic values were either nursed under normothermia or 72 h-hypothermia. Once-daily gentamicin dosage (4-5 mg/kg) was administered, and trough SGC was recorded with corresponding creatinine concentrations. The time and number of omitted drug doses were noted.', 'Mean trough SGC (pre-second dose) and mean plasma creatinine concentrations for both treatment groups were similar (gentamicin: 2.19 +/- 1.7 [hypothermia] and 2.30 +/- 2.0 [normothermia] mg/L; creatinine: 115.6 +/- 42.8 [hypothermia] and 121.0 +/- 45.1 [normothermia] mumol/L). Forty percent of the trough SGCs in both groups were above the recommended trough concentration of 2.0 mg/L. A significant correlation (r(2) = 0.36) was found between high SGCs and impaired renal function assessed by raised plasma creatinine levels regardless of treatment options.\Question: Are serum gentamicin concentrations in encephalopathic infants affected by therapeutic hypothermia?

Output: Our data confirm that impaired renal function is strongly associated with high SGCs. Reduced body temperatures do not affect the clearance of gentamicin.


Input: Consider Input: Context: Oxygen free radicals may be implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemia reperfusion damage. The beneficial effects of antioxidant nutrients, as well as complex plant extracts, on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries are well known. This study was conducted to determine the effects of the hydro-alcoholic root extract of Withania coagulans on CA1 hippocampus oxidative damages following global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rat.', 'Male Wistar rats were randomly divided in five groups: control, sham operated, Ischemia/ Reperfiusion (IR), and Withania Coagulans Extract (WCE) 500 and 1000mg/kg + I/R groups. Ischemia was induced by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries for 30 min after 30 days of WCE administration. Three days after, the animals were sacrificed, their brains were fixed for histological analysis (NISSL and TUNEL staining) and some samples were prepared for measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in hippocampus.', 'WCE showed neuroprotective activity by significant decrease in MDA level and increase in the SOD, CAT and GPx activity in pretreated groups as compared to I/R groups (p<0.001). The number of intact neurons was increased while the number of TUNEL positive neurons in CA1 hippocampal region in pretreated groups were decreased as compared to I/R group (p<0.001).\Question: Do neuroprotective effects of Withania coagulans root extract on CA1 hippocampus following cerebral ischemia in rats?


Output: WCE showed potent neuroprotective activity against oxidative stress-induced injuries caused by global cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion in rats probably by radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.