Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: Allopregnanolone (3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one) is a neurosteroid which has an inhibitory function through interaction with the GABAA receptor. This progesterone metabolite has strong sedative and anxiolytic properties, and low endogenous levels have been associated with depressed mood. This study aimed to investigate whether the very high serum allopregnanolone levels in late pregnancy covary with concurrent self-rated symptoms of depression and anxiety.', 'Ninety-six women in pregnancy weeks 37-40 rated symptoms of depression and anxiety with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S) and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Their serum allopregnanolone was analyzed by Celite chromatography and radioimmunoassay.', "Ten women had elevated depression scores (MADRS-S ≥ 13), and this group had significantly lower allopregnanolone levels compared to women with MADRS-S scores in the normal range (39.0 ± 17.9 vs. 54.6 ± 18.7 nmol/l, p = 0.014). A significant negative correlation was found between self-rated depression scores and allopregnanolone concentrations (Pearson's correlation coefficient = -0.220, p = 0.031). The linear association between self-rated depression scores and allopregnanolone serum concentrations remained significant when adjusted for gestational length, progesterone levels, and parity. Self-rated anxiety, however, was not associated with allopregnanolone serum concentrations during pregnancy.
Example Output: Is low serum allopregnanolone associated with symptoms of depression in late pregnancy?

Example Input: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected, nonrandomized radiographical data.', 'To examine the relationship between the presence of preoperative metabolically active facet arthropathy (FA) and the amount of indirect foraminal decompression gained after extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF).', 'Although evidence of significant radiographical indirect decompression after XLIF has been shown, the relationship between the extent of indirect decompression and the presence of potentially attenuating, FA is yet to be studied.', 'A prospective database of consecutive patients undergoing XLIF was retrospectively analyzed. Posterior disc height, foraminal height, and cross-sectional foraminal area were measured on computed tomographic scans obtained preoperatively and 2 days postoperatively. The selected radiographical parameters were examined with respect to the presence of FA based on preoperative computed tomographic and bone scans.', 'Fifty-two consecutive patients underwent 79 levels of XLIF without direct decompression. Average age was 66.4 years and 34 (65.4%) were females. Surgery resulted in significant increases in posterior disc height 3.0 to 5.7 mm (89.0% increase), P<0.0001; foraminal height 1.4 to 1.7 cm (38.0% increase), P<0.0001; and foraminal area 1.1 to 1.4 cm (45.1% increase), P<0.0001. These increases were independent of the presence of metabolically active arthropathy.
Example Output: Is indirect foraminal decompression independent of metabolically active facet arthropathy in extreme lateral interbody fusion?

Example Input: Our aim is to document current imaging practices for diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism (PE) among physicians practicing in the United States and explore factors associated with these practices.', 'Between September 2004 and February 2005, we surveyed by mail 855 physicians selected at random from membership lists of three professional organizations. Physicians reported their imaging practices and experiences in managing patients with suspected acute PE during the preceding 12 months.', 'Completed questionnaires were received from 240 of 806 eligible participants (29.8%) practicing in 44 states: 86.7% of respondents believed that computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was the most useful imaging procedure for patients with acute PE compared with 8.3% for ventilation-perfusion (V-P) scintigraphy and 2.5% for conventional pulminary angiography (PA). After chest radiography, CTPA was the first imaging test requested 71.4% of the time compared with V-P scintigraphy (19.7%) and lower-limb venous ultrasound (5.8%). Participants received indeterminate or inconclusive results 46.4% of the time for V-P scintigraphy, 10.6% of the time for CTPA, and 2.2% of the time for PA. CTPA was available around the clock to 88.3% of participants compared with 53.8% for V-P scintigraphy and 42.5% for PA. A total of 68.6% of respondents received CTPA results in 2 hours or less (vs 37.5% for V-P scintigraphy and 22.9% for PA). CTPA also provided an alternative diagnosis to PE or showed other significant abnormalities 28.5% of the time, and these findings frequently altered management.
Example Output:
Is cT pulmonary angiography the first-line imaging test for acute pulmonary embolism : a survey of US clinicians?