instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: Upregulated CD64 expression on neutrophils is the most useful marker for acute bacterial infections and systemic inflammation. However, it is unknown whether CD64 is involved in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). This study was designed to determine whether CD64 is implicated in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and thus, is a suitable marker for SAP.', 'SAP was induced in rats with an intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine. CD64 expression in the rat pancreas was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the CD64 mRNA expression in peripheral blood leukocytes from 21 patients with mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) and 10 patients with SAP was investigated at the time of admission and during remission by qRT-PCR.', 'CD64 mRNA and protein expression in the pancreas was significantly higher in rats with SAP, compared to the controls. The CD64 expression was higher in the patients with SAP than in the patients with MAP. During remission, CD64 mRNA decreased in both the MAP and SAP patients. The area under the curve of CD64 expression for the detection of SAP was superior to both the Ranson and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores.\Question: Is cD64 expression increased in patients with severe acute pancreatitis : clinical significance?
answer:
The CD64 level was significantly increased in correlation with the disease severity in SAP and may act as a useful marker for predicting the development of SAP.


question:
Context: An intact and fully functional multiprotein DNA replication complex (DNA synthesome) from human as well as from murine mammary carcinoma cells was first isolated and characterized in our laboratory. The human cell synthesome supports the in vitro origin-specific simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication reaction in the presence of the viral large T-antigen using a semiconservative mechanism and has been shown to contain all the proteins and enzymes required to support DNA synthesis. We are currently using the DNA synthesome as a unique model for analyzing the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs affecting DNA replication. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the mechanism of action of ara-C using the DNA synthesome isolated from the human breast cancer cell line MDA MB-468.', 'Synthesome-mediated SV40 DNA replication was performed in the presence of various concentrations of ara-CTP (the active metabolite of ara-C) and the types of daughter DNA molecules produced were analyzed lusing neutral and alkaline gel electrophoresis. We also examined the effect of ara-C on intact MDA MB-468 cell DNA synthesis and on cell proliferation. In addition, we studied the effect of ara-CTP on the activity of some of the synthesome target proteins (the DNA polymerases alpha and delta).', 'Full-length daughter DNA molecules were obtained in the presence of low concentrations of ara-CTP while at higher concentrations, there was an inhibition of full-length daughter DNA synthesis. The findings suggest that specifically the initiation phase of DNA synthesis was inhibited by ara-CTP since the production of the short Okazaki fragments was suppressed at all concentrations of the drug above 10 microM. In addition, it was found that the IC50 of ara-CTP for inhibition of synthesome-mediated in vitro DNA replication was comparable to that required to inhibit intact cell DNA synthesis. Further experimentation has shown that ara-CTP preferentially inhibits the activity of the synthesome-associated DNA polymerase alpha enzyme while the DNA polymerase delta seems to be resistant to the inhibitory effect of that drug.\Question: Does ara-C affect formation of cancer cell DNA synthesome replication intermediates?
answer:
Our results indicate that ara-C's action on DNA replication is mediated primarily through DNA polymerase alpha and suggest that this enzyme plays a key role in DNA synthetic initiation events. The results also provide definitive support for the use of the DNA synthesome as a unique and powerful model for analyzing the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs which directly affect DNA replication.


question:
Context: To analyse prospectively results of HAL-RAR technique by evaluating pain, perioperative complications and clinical outcome after two years followup.', 'A prospective study design including 30 consecutive patients with haemorrhoids grade III-IV treated from June 2012. After discharge, patients received a specific questionnaire to record postoperative pain, delayed complications, evolution/disappearance of the symptoms that led to the surgical intervention (bleeding, prolapse, itching, pain and soiling). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure pain. Outpatient follow-up was carried out at 7 days, and 1, 6 and 12 months and annually thereafter. Pre, intra and postoperative data (including physical examination) had been recorded prospectively.', 'The median operating time (range) was 40 (26-60) minutes. Average hospital stay (range) was 11 (3-25) hours. No postoperative complications were observed in 29 cases (96.6%). Median follow-up was 26 (12-36) months. All the patients attended the follow-up. Mean postoperative pain was VAS\xa0=\xa01.7 on the seventh day and it was practically non-existent (VAS\xa0=\xa00.7) 1 month after the procedure. 87.5% of patients confirmed complete relief of symptoms after 30 days and 93% of patients feel free of symptoms 6 months after the procedure. No patient has experienced late complications as dyschezia, urgency, soiling or faecal incontinence. After 24 months follow-up, recurrence of bleeding and prolapse was observed in only 1 patient; 93% of patients have considered results of HAL-RAR as very good or excellent.\Question: Is hAL-RAR ( Doppler guided haemorrhoid artery ligation with recto-anal repair ) a safe and effective procedure for haemorrhoids . Results of a prospective study after two-years follow-up?
answer:

HAL-RAR is safe and almost painless technique and it has very good results in the control of haemorrhoidal symptoms. This procedure should be considered as an effective first treatment option for haemorrhoids.