instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
In recent years, with the introduction of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) or Fast-Track protocols, perioperative care for colonic surgery has changed significantly. This is the experience of a single surgeon within a public hospital in New Zealand.', 'Between October 2005 and July 2007, consecutive patients undergoing segmental colonic resection by the senior author (AGH) were managed within a multimodal structured perioperative care pathway.', 'Thirty-two consecutive patients had elective colonic surgery without a stoma. Two were excluded because of cognitive impairment. The 30 remaining patients had a median age of 68.5 years (range 37-92) and a median daystay of 3 days (range 3-21). There were four (13%) readmissions, including one anastomotic leak.
answer:
0


question:
Angiotensin II stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth, and is considered to be an important mediator of intimal thickening after vascular injury. Recent evidence has indicated that VSMC apoptosis plays a major role in the response to balloon injury, and we therefore examined the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibition on VSMC apoptosis and vascular lesion formation in the rat model of balloon injury.', 'Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to carotid artery balloon injury and randomised to a standard diet or a diet supplemented with 1 mg/ml captopril in the drinking water. Animals were sacrificed 2 and 14 days after injury for assessment of apoptosis and proliferation by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry, respectively. At 14 days post injury, vessel cross-sections were subjected to microscopic morphometry and total cell numbers were determined.', 'At 2 days after balloon injury, captopril-treated animals displayed a significant increase in the percentage of TUNEL-positive VSMCs in the medial area (12 +/- 4% vs. 1 +/- 1%; P < 0.05) as compared to controls. This increase in early apoptosis was associated with decreased intimal cellularity 14 days post injury (238 +/- 47 cells/cross-section vs. 449 +/- 75 cells/cross-section; P < 0.05), and a reduction of neointimal formation (0.13 +/- 0.02 mm2 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.04 mm2; P < 0.05). The fraction of PCNA-positive VSMCs per cross-section 2 or 14 days after injury was not significantly altered by captopril administration.
answer:
1


question:
Increased serum hepcidin has been reported in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis, and hypothesized to contribute to the alterations of iron metabolism of end-stage renal disease. However, no quantitative assessment is available to date; the clinical determinants are still under definition; and the role of genetic factors, namely HFE mutations, has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess serum hepcidin-25 in hemodialysis patients versus controls, and analyze the relationship between hepcidin, iron indices, HFE genotype, and erythropoietic parameters.', 'Sixty-five hemodialysis patients and 57 healthy controls were considered. Hepcidin-25 was evaluated by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, HFE genotype by restriction analysis.', 'Serum hepcidin-25 was higher in hemodialysis patients compared with controls. In patients, hepcidin-25 correlated positively with ferritin and C reactive protein, and negatively with serum iron after adjustment for confounders. Hepcidin/ferritin ratio was lower in patients with (n = 25) than in those without (n = 40) HFE mutations. At multivariate analysis, hepcidin-25 was independently associated with ferritin and HFE status. In a subgroup of 22 "stable" patients, i.e., with Hb levels on target, normal CRP levels, and absence of complications for at least 1 yr, hepcidin-25 was negatively correlated with Hb levels independently of confounders.
answer:

1