Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

From 1984 to 2006, studies of sleep in patients with interstitial lung disease revealed disturbed sleep, frequent nocturnal desaturations, nocturnal cough, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Our goal was to analyze OSA in an outpatient population of stable patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).', 'Patients with IPF who had been followed up in the Vanderbilt Pulmonary Clinic were asked to participate. All patients were given a diagnosis of IPF by the 2000 American Thoracic Society consensus statement criteria. Subjects completed an Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) questionnaire and a sleep apnea scale of sleep disorders questionnaire (SA-SDQ) before undergoing nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG). OSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of > 5 events per hour.', 'Fifty subjects enrolled and completed a NPSG. The mean age was 64.9 years, and the mean BMI was 32.3. OSA was diagnosed in 88% of subjects. Ten subjects (20%) had mild OSA (AHI, 5 to 15 events per hour), and 34 subjects (68%) had moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI, > 15 events per hour). Only 6 subjects (12%) had a normal AHI. One patient was asymptomatic as determined by ESS and SA-SDQ, but had an AHI of 24 events per hour. The sensitivity of the ESS was 75% with a specificity of 15%, whereas the SA-SDQ had a sensitivity of 88% with a specificity of 50%. BMI did not correlate strongly with AHI (r = 0.30; p = 0.05).
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In patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR), most blood loss occurs post-operatively, and the return of unwashed filtered shed blood (USB) from post-operative drainage may represent an alternative to allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT). We evaluated the impact of USB return on the cellular immune response (CIR) after TKR.', 'Forty TKR patients, intended to receive post-operative USB, entered the study. Blood samples were obtained before and 6 h, 24 h, 72 h and 7 days after surgery, and from USB, after it had been passed through a 40-microm filter. Full blood cell counts, lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM) were measured in all samples. A set of clinical data was collected from each patient.', 'Twenty-four of the 25 patients received a mean of 1.2 USB units and did not need additional ABT (USB group). Twelve of the 15 remaining patients who received neither USB nor ABT served as a control group for the post-operative CIR study. All patients showed a post-operative decrease in T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell counts, but not B-cell counts, and there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to CIR parameters, post-operative infection or hospital stay.
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Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common in patients with acute cerebral ischemia. Indexes of resistance derived from the systolic and diastolic velocities are routinely used in diagnostic transcranial Doppler (TCD) to detect intracranial arterial disease. We sought to explore whether these indexes can predict the presence of PAD in acute cerebral ischemia.', 'We prospectively evaluated consecutive patients with acute cerebral ischemia. On TCD, peak-systolic and end-diastolic velocities in both middle cerebral and basilar arteries were manually measured to calculate pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI). Increased resistance was defined as PI equal to 1.2 or more and RI equal to .75 or more. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements were performed and an ABI equal to .9 or more was considered predictive of definite PAD.', 'We included 95 patients (45 male, 50 female) aged 66 ± 9 years with a median National Institutes Health Stroke Scale score of 3 (interquartile range, 8) points. The ABI was abnormal and consistent with definite PAD in 24 of 95 (25.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.4-34.2) patients. Increased PI did not differ among patients with and without PAD (20.8% vs. 28.2%, P = .60). Only 1 patient with PAD had increased RI as opposed to 4 patients without PAD (4.2% vs. 5.6%, P = 1.0). Increased PI was not found to be an independent predictor of PAD (odds ratio [OR], .68; 95% CI, .22-2.12; P = .51). Increases in both PI and RI independently predicted arterial hypertension (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.19-2.21; P = .002 and OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.51-6.77; P = .002, respectively).

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