instruction:
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
question:
Context_1 : The University of Oslo (Norwegian: "Universitetet i Oslo" ), until 1939 named the Royal Frederick University (Norwegian: "Det Kongelige Frederiks Universitet" ), is the oldest university in Norway, located in the Norwegian capital of Oslo. Until 1 January 2016 it was the largest Norwegian institution of higher education in terms of size, now surpassed only by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The Academic Ranking of World Universities has ranked it the 58th best university in the world and the third best in the Nordic countries. In 2015, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked it the 135th best university in the world and the seventh best in the Nordics. While in its 2016, Top 200 Rankings of European universities, the Times Higher Education listed the University of Oslo at 63rd, making it the highest ranked Norwegian university. Context_2 : Zameer Uddin Shah (born 15 August 1948) is a retired Indian Army general. He is an alumnus of St Joseph’s College, Nainital. He last served as the Deputy Chief of Army Staff (Planning & Systems), Indian Army. After retirement, he served for some time as an administrative member on the bench of the Armed Forces Tribunal. He is the Ex Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University. He assumed the appointment of Vice-Chancellor, Aligarh Muslim University on 17 May 2012 and his term ended on 16th May 2017. The Vice- Chancellor, despite having spent more than 40 years in the Army, has had considerable experience in the fields of education, judiciary and diplomacy. He is the former Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University who had promised AMU to make it the no. 1 university of the country by the end of his 5 year tenure. He lived up to his promise as AMU has been ranked as the no. 1 university of India by The Times Higher Education Ranking dated Sept 2017. He was highly speculated to be the vice president of India in 2017. Context_3 : Sambell was educated at Melbourne High School and the University of Melbourne. He was ordained in 1940. He began his ordained ministry as an army chaplain, after which he was director of the Melbourne Diocesan Centre and Archdeacon of Essendon. He was Bishop Coadjutor of Diocese from 1962 to 1969 when he was elected Archbishop of Perth and Metropolitan of Western Australia, posts he held to his death. Context_4 : Ming Chuan University (MCU; ) is a selective, private university in Shilin District, Taipei, Taiwan, accredited in the United States of America. Ming Chuan University was ranked 301+ in QS Top 400 Asia Universities Ranking 2012/2013 and positioned 801+ in 2017 by Times Higher Education ranking. It was founded by Pao Teh-Ming (包德明) and her husband Lee Ying-Chao. The university was named after the progressive Qing Dynasty governor of Taiwan Liu Mingchuan. Context_5 : The University of Melbourne (informally Melbourne University) is a public research university located in Melbourne, Australia. Founded in 1853, it is Australia's second oldest university and the oldest in Victoria. Times Higher Education ranks Melbourne as 33rd in the world, while the Academic Ranking of World Universities places Melbourne 40th in the world (both first in Australia). Context_6 : Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, (abbreviated UTAR; Simplified Chinese: 拉曼大学; Traditional Chinese: 拉曼大學; pinyin: Lāmàn Dàxué) is a not-for-profit, comprehensive, private university in Malaysia. UTAR is one of the prestigious private universities in Malaysia, ranked top 120 in Times Higher Education Asia University Rankings 2017 top 150 in Times Higher Education Young University Rankings 2017, and ranked =14 by the Times Higher Education Young University Rankings 2017: Millennial Universities. It was established in June 2002 under a foundation called UTAR Education Foundation, a non-profit organisation. The university consists of nine faculties, three institutes, three centres and 28 research centres. Context_7 : The Autonomous University of Madrid (Spanish: "Universidad Autónoma de Madrid" ; informally "La Autónoma"), commonly known by the Spanish acronym UAM, is a Spanish public university established in 1968. It is located in northern Madrid; its main campus, Cantoblanco, is located near the cities of Alcobendas, San Sebastián de los Reyes and Tres Cantos. Throughout its history, UAM has been one of Spain's most prominent higher education institutions, being ranked first amongst Spanish universities by the El Mundo University Supplement (known as "Las 50 Carreras"), by The Times Higher Education Supplement, and by the Academic Ranking of World Universities yearly published by Shanghai Jiao Tong University. For the subject "Mathematics" the university was ranked within top 51-75 universities in the world (within top 12 in Europe). In the "Times Higher Education 100 Under 50 University Rankings", the University achieved 49th position globally in 2012. In another similar ranking "QS Top 50 Under 50" by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), the Autonomous University of Madrid recently achieved 9th place in international comparison. Its Faculty of Law is the most prestigious one in Spain. It is the Spanish university with the most researchers among the most cited according to the Thomson Reuters ranking citation in 2011. Context_8 : Third-level education in the Republic of Ireland includes all education after second-level, encompassing higher education in universities and colleges and further education on Post Leaving Certificate (PLC) and other courses. The degree-awarding authorities approved by the Government of Ireland, which can grant awards at all academic levels, are University of Dublin, National University of Ireland (Cork, Dublin, Galway and Maynooth), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin City University, Dublin Institute of Technology, Higher Education and Training Awards Council, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth (Pontifical University), and University of Limerick. The King's Inns of Dublin has a limited role in education specialising in the preparation of candidates for the degree of barrister-at-law to practice as barristers. Medical schools in Ireland also have particular regulation. There were seven establishments of higher education within the Republic of Ireland ranked among the top 500 universities worldwide by the "Times Higher Education Supplement" in 2008. Context_9 : Times Higher Education World University Rankings is an annual publication of university rankings by "Times Higher Education (THE)" magazine. The publisher had collaborated with Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) to publish the joint "THE–QS World University Rankings" from 2004 to 2009 before it turned to Thomson Reuters for a new ranking system. The publication now comprises the world's overall, subject, and reputation rankings, alongside three regional league tables, "Asia", "Latin America", and "BRICS & Emerging Economies" which are generated by consistent methodology. It is considered as one of the most widely observed university measures together with "Academic Ranking of World Universities" and "QS World University Rankings". It is praised for having a new improved methodology but undermining non-English-instructing institutions and being commercialized are the major criticisms. Context_10 : QS World University Rankings is an annual publication of university rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). Previously known as "Times Higher Education–QS World University Rankings", the publisher had collaborated with "Times Higher Education magazine" ("THE") to publish its international league tables from 2004 to 2009 before both started to announce their own versions. QS then chose to still use the pre-existing methodology while "Times Higher Education" adopted a new methodology. The QS system now comprises the global overall and subject rankings (which name the world's top universities for the study of 46 different subjects and five composite faculty areas), alongside five independent regional tables (Asia, Latin America, Emerging Europe and Central Asia, the Arab Region, and BRICS). It is the only international ranking to have received International Ranking Expert Group (IREG) approval, and is viewed as one of the most widely read of its kind, along with "Academic Ranking of World Universities" and "Times Higher Education World University Rankings". However, allocating undue weight to subjective indicators and having highly fluctuating results are its major criticisms. fact_1 : Sambell was educated at Melbourne High School and the University of Melbourne. fact_2 :  Times Higher Education ranks Melbourne as 33rd in the world, while the Academic Ranking of World Universities places Melbourne 40th in the world (both first in Australia). Question: What is the Times Higher Education ranking for the university where Geoffrey Samuel graduated?
answer:
33rd in the world


question:
Context_1 : Eric Boulton (born August 17, 1976) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for the Bridgeport Sound Tigers in the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). Boulton was drafted 234th overall in the ninth round of the 1994 draft by the New York Rangers. While he never played for the Rangers, he's previously played for the Buffalo Sabres, Atlanta Thrashers, and New Jersey Devils before signing with the Islanders in 2012. Context_2 : John "Jack" Roslovic (born January 29, 1997) is an American professional ice hockey player, who is currently playing with the Manitoba Moose in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected in the first round, 25th overall by the Jets in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft. The Jets acquired the draft pick in a trade that sent Evander Kane and Zach Bogosian to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for Tyler Myers, Drew Stafford, Joel Armia, and Brendan Lemieux. Context_3 : Theodore John Nolan (born April 7, 1958) is a Canadian former professional hockey left winger, former head coach of the Buffalo Sabres and Latvia men's national ice hockey team. He played 3 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Detroit Red Wings and the Pittsburgh Penguins. He also coached for the Buffalo Sabres and New York Islanders, after serving as assistant coach for one season with the Hartford Whalers. On November 13, 2013, the Buffalo Sabres re-hired Nolan as interim head coach; he remained in the Sabres' head coach position until April 12, 2015. Ted Nolan’s success in hockey didn’t come easily to him. He had fought through poverty growing up on the Garden River reserve, in a small house that had no running hot water or electricity. He loved hockey as a kid so much that he would build fires around the well to free up the frozen pump, than he would carry the pail of water to his little rink. Context_4 : Thomas Vanek (born 19 January 1984) is an Austrian professional ice hockey left winger for the Vancouver Canucks. He has played for the Buffalo Sabres, New York Islanders, Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Detroit Red Wings and Florida Panthers. Vanek was drafted by the Buffalo Sabres fifth overall in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft, making him the highest drafted Austrian in NHL history. Context_5 : Daniel Joseph Paille (born April 15, 1984) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who is currently under contract to Brynäs IF in the Swedish Hockey League. (SHL). He was originally drafted 20th overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft and also played in the National Hockey League with the Boston Bruins and New York Rangers. Context_6 : Evander Frank Kane (born August 2, 1991) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger currently playing for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL). Kane was selected fourth overall in the first round of the 2009 NHL Entry Draft by the Atlanta Thrashers. Context_7 : Benoît Robert Pouliot (born September 29, 1986) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger currently playing for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has previously played in the NHL with the Minnesota Wild, Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins, Tampa Bay Lightning, New York Rangers and the Edmonton Oilers. Pouliot was originally drafted by the Wild fourth overall in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft. Context_8 : Clarke MacArthur (born April 6, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger currently playing for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL). MacArthur has previously played in the NHL with the Buffalo Sabres, Atlanta Thrashers and Toronto Maple Leafs. He was originally selected by Buffalo in the third round, 74th overall, at the 2003 NHL Entry Draft. Context_9 : Mitchell Dennis Molloy (born October 10, 1966) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played two games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Buffalo Sabres during the 1989–90 season. Context_10 : Matthew Keith Moulson (born November 1, 1983) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL). Moulson was drafted in the ninth round, 263rd overall, of the 2003 NHL Entry Draft by the Pittsburgh Penguins. Currently in his second stint with the Sabres, he has also played in the NHL for the Los Angeles Kings, New York Islanders and Minnesota Wild. fact_1 :  The Jets acquired the draft pick in a trade that sent Evander Kane and Zach Bogosian to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for Tyler Myers, Drew Stafford, Joel Armia, and Brendan Lemieux. fact_2 : Evander Frank Kane (born August 2, 1991) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger currently playing for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL). Question: When was the Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who was sent to Buffalo Sabres born
answer:
August 2, 1991


question:
Context_1 : A dark-energy star is a hypothetical compact astrophysical object, which a minority of physicists think might constitute an alternative explanation for observations of astronomical black hole candidates. Context_2 : In planetary science a streaming instability is a hypothetical mechanism for the formation of planetesimals in which the drag felt by solid particles orbiting in a gas disk leads to their spontaneous concentration into clumps which can gravitationally collapse. Small initial clumps increase the orbital velocity of the gas, slowing radial drift locally, leading to their growth as they are joined by faster drifting isolated particles. Massive filaments form that reach densities sufficient for the gravitational collapse into planetesimals the size of large asteroids, bypassing a number of barriers to the traditional formation mechanisms. The formation of streaming instabilities requires solids that are moderately coupled to the gas and a local solid to gas ratio of one or greater. The growth of solids large enough to become moderately coupled to the gas is more likely outside the ice line and in regions with limited turbulence. An initial concentration of solids with respect to the gas is necessary to suppress turbulence sufficiently to allow the solid to gas ratio to reach greater than one at the mid-plane. A wide variety of mechanisms to selectively remove gas or to concentrate solids have been proposed. In the inner Solar System the formation of streaming instabilities requires a greater initial concentration of solids or the growth of solid beyond the size of chondrules. Context_3 : 1906 Naef, provisional designation 1972 RC, is a stony vestoid asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 September 1972, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland. It was later named after Swiss banker and amateur astronomer Robert Naef. Context_4 : Tired light is a class of hypothetical redshift mechanisms that was proposed as an alternative explanation for the redshift-distance relationship. These models have been proposed as alternatives to the models that require metric expansion of space of which the Big Bang and the Steady State cosmologies are the most famous examples. The concept was first proposed in 1929 by Fritz Zwicky, who suggested that if photons lost energy over time through collisions with other particles in a regular way, an idea not too different from Breit-Wheeler process, the more distant objects would appear redder than more nearby ones. Zwicky himself acknowledged that any sort of scattering of light would blur the images of distant objects more than what is seen. Additionally, the surface brightness of galaxies evolving with time, time dilation of cosmological sources, and a thermal spectrum of the cosmic microwave background have been observed — these effects should not be present if the cosmological redshift was due to any tired light scattering mechanism. Despite periodic re-examination of the concept, tired light has not been supported by observational tests and has lately been consigned to consideration only in the fringes of astrophysics. Context_5 : Wallowa County is a county in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,008, making it Oregon's fourth-least populous county. Its county seat is Enterprise. According to "Oregon Geographic Names", the origins of the county's name are uncertain, with the most likely explanation being it is derived from the Nez Perce term for a structure of stakes (a weir) used in fishing. An alternative explanation is that "Wallowa" is derived from a Nez Perce word for "winding water". The journals of Lewis and Clark Expedition record the name of the Wallowa River as "Wil-le-wah". Context_6 : Israelian Hebrew (or IH) is a proposed northern dialect of biblical Hebrew (BH). It is proposed as an explanation for various irregular linguistic features of the Masoretic Text (MT) of the Hebrew Bible. It competes with the alternative explanation that such features are Aramaisms, indicative either of late dates of composition, or of editorial emendations. Although IH is not a new proposal, it only started gaining ground as a challenge to older arguments to late dates for some biblical texts since about a decade before the turn of the 21st century: linguistic variation in the Hebrew Bible might be "better" explained by synchronic rather than diachronic linguistics, meaning various biblical texts could be significantly older than many 20th century scholars supposed. Context_7 : Fritz Zwicky (February 14, 1898 – February 8, 1974) was a Swiss astronomer. He worked most of his life at the California Institute of Technology in the United States of America, where he made many important contributions in theoretical and observational astronomy. In 1933, Zwicky was the first to use the virial theorem to infer the existence of unseen dark matter, describing it as ""dunkle Materie "". Context_8 : 1803 Zwicky, provisional designation 1967 CA, is a stony Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 6 February 1967, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland. It was later named after Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky. Context_9 : William G. Tifft is Emeritus Professor/Astronomer at the University of Arizona. His main interests are in galaxies, superclusters and what Tifft calls redshift problems (see redshift quantization). He was influential in the development of the first redshift surveys  and was an early proponent of manned space astronomy, conducted at a proposed moon base for example. In retirement, he is a principal scientist with The Scientific Association for the Study of Time in Physics and Cosmology (SASTPC). Context_10 : NGC 1614 is the "New General Catalogue" identifier for a spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Eridanus. It was discovered on December 29, 1885 by American astronomer Lewis Swift, who described it in a shorthand notation as: pretty faint, small, round, a little brighter middle. The nebula was then catalogued by Danish-Irish astronomer J. L. E. Drayer in 1888. When direct photography became available, it was noted that this galaxy displayed some conspicuous peculiarities. American astronomer Halton Arp included it in his 1966 "Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies". In 1971, Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky described it as a "blue post-eruptive galaxy, compact patchy core, spiral plumes, long blue jet SSW". fact_1 : Tired light is a class of hypothetical redshift mechanisms that was proposed as an alternative explanation for the redshift-distance relationship. fact_2 :  He worked most of his life at the California Institute of Technology in the United States of America, where he made many important contributions in theoretical and observational astronomy. Question: where did the a Swiss astronomer work most of his life, who proposed  a class of hypothetical redshift mechanisms that was proposed as an alternative explanation for the redshift-distance relationship?
answer:

California Institute of Technology