Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[EX Q]: Recent studies show that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) downregulation is implicated in preeclampsia (PE) pathophysiology. This study assessed the relationship between PE and VEGF levels produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their serum levels.', 'A cross-sectional design was performed in 36 patients who had hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. We also used a longitudinal design with 12 pregnant women with risk factors for PE development and/or abnormal uterine arteries by Doppler study. VEGF and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) levels were measured for all patients in both designs.', "sFlt-1 serum was higher in preeclamptic patients (n = 26), whereas VEGF produced by stimulated PBMCs was lower than in healthy pregnant women and VEGF levels produced by stimulated PBMCs were even lower (p <0.003) in severe PE (n = 16). The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis allowed establishing a cut-off value to identify patients with PE. VEGF production by PBMCs was 339.87 pg/mL. In addition, a robust linear regression model was performed to adjust the variance in VEGF levels. The patients' age decreased VEGF levels and was adjusted by weeks of gestation (WG) in our model. In the longitudinal study, 7/12 patients developed PE. VEGF produced by PBMCs cells was significantly lower in PE at 24-26 WG.
[EX A]: 0

[EX Q]: Recently, it has been shown that exposure to welding fumes containing both zinc and copper leads to asymptomatic systemic inflammation in humans as shown by an increase of blood C-reactive protein. In the present study, it was investigated which metal is responsible for this effect.', 'Fifteen healthy male subjects were exposed under controlled conditions to welding fumes containing either zinc, or copper, or copper and zinc.', 'For each exposure blood C-reactive protein increased.
[EX A]: 1

[EX Q]: Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) activation is involved in several pathophysiological states in producing pulmonary hypertension. Local anesthetics (LA) inhibit signaling of TXA2 receptors expressed in cell models. Therefore, we hypothesized that LA may inhibit pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by the TXA2 analogue U 46619 in an isolated lung model.', 'Isolated rat lungs were perfused with physiological saline solution and autologous blood with or without the LA lidocaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, or the permanently charged lidocaine analogue QX 314 (all 1 microg/mL) as a pretreatment. Subsequently, pulmonary vasoconstriction was induced by 3 concentrations of U 46619 (25, 50, and 100 ng/mL) and the change in pulmonary artery pressure (Pa) was compared with each LA. In a second experiment, Pa responses to angiotensin II (0.1 microg), hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV, 3% O2 for 10 minutes), or phenylephrine (0.1 microg) were assessed to determine the specificity of ropivacaine effects on TXA2 receptors. Finally, reversibility of pulmonary vasoconstriction was determined by adding ropivacaine to the perfusate after pulmonary vasoconstriction was established with U 46619.', 'Ropivacaine, but not bupivacaine, lidocaine, or QX 314 significantly attenuated pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by 50 ng/mL U 46619 (35.9%, P<.003) or 100 ng/mL U 46619 (45.2%, P<.001). This effect of ropivacaine was likely to be specific for the thromboxane receptor because pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by angiotensin II, HPV, or phenylephrine was not altered. Ropivacaine did not reverse vasoconstriction when it was administered after U 46619.
[EX A]:
1