instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: Galbeta1-4GlcNAcalpha2-6 sialyltransferase (ST6GalI) is an acute phase reactant whose release from cells can be induced by proinflammatory cytokines. Because patients with chronic renal failure have high circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, we hypothesized that patients on the renal transplant waiting list would have high circulating levels of ST6GalI, which might adversely affect post-transplant events.', 'Levels of ST6GalI were measured in the serum of 70 patients immediately before renal transplant; these were correlated with posttransplant events, such as delayed graft function and rejection.', 'The mean serum level of ST6GalI was significantly higher in the patients (3162+/-97 U) than in 19 controls (2569 +/- 125 U; P<0.003). Patients who required dialysis posttransplant for treatment of delayed graft function (n=20) had significantly higher levels of ST6GalI pretransplant (3735+/-228 U) than patients (n=50) who did not require dialysis (2933+/-83 U; P<0.0001). In a multivariate analysis the ST6GalI level and cold ischemic time were found to be independent risk factors for the development of delayed graft function.\Question: Do increased levels of GALbeta1-4GLCNACalpha2-6 sialyltransferase pretransplant predict delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients?
answer:
ST6GalI levels are high in renal failure patients awaiting a renal transplant and may be a risk factor for the development of delayed graft function. The assessment and perhaps modulation of a potential transplant recipient's ST6GalI systemic level may be beneficial.


question:
Context: Natural disasters expose entire communities to stress and trauma, leading to increased risk for psychiatric symptoms. Yet, the majority of exposed individuals are resilient, highlighting the importance of identifying underlying factors that contribute to outcomes.', "The current study was part of a larger prospective study of children in Long Island, New York (n = 260). At age 9, children viewed unpleasant and pleasant images while the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential component that reflects sustained attention toward salient information, was measured. Following the event-related potential assessment, Hurricane Sandy, the second costliest hurricane in United States history, hit the region. Eight weeks after the hurricane, mothers reported on exposure to hurricane-related stress and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Symptoms were reassessed 8 months after the hurricane.", 'The LPP predicted both internalizing and externalizing symptoms after accounting for prehurricane symptomatology and interacted with stress to predict externalizing symptoms. Among children exposed to higher levels of hurricane-related stress, enhanced neural reactivity to unpleasant images predicted greater externalizing symptoms 8 weeks after the disaster, while greater neural reactivity to pleasant images predicted lower externalizing symptoms. Moreover, interactions between the LPP and stress continued to predict externalizing symptoms 8 months after the hurricane.\Question: Does neural Reactivity to Emotional Stimuli Prospectively predict the Impact of a Natural Disaster on Psychiatric Symptoms in Children?
answer:
Results indicate that heightened neural reactivity and attention toward unpleasant information, as measured by the LPP, predispose children to psychiatric symptoms when exposed to higher levels of stress related to natural disasters, while greater reactivity to and processing of pleasant information may be a protective factor.


question:
Context: To investigate the effect of high glucose on insulin-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells (BRECs) and to probe into related mechanisms.', 'BRECs were isolated as primary cultures and identified by immunostaining. Passage cells were initially exposed to normal (5 mM) or high glucose (30 mM) for 3 days, and equimolar L-glucose was supplemented for osmotic equation. BRECs were then treated with 100 nM insulin for 24 h or not, and cells were prepared for the determination of VEGF mRNA expression by real-time PCR. VEGF protein was determined by human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation assay, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. BRECs were treated with 5 or 30 mM glucose for 3 days and then cells cultured with 5 mM glucose were exposed to the PI3-K inhibitor wortmannin (100 nM), the P42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor U0126 (50 microM), or to the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X (2 microM) 1 h before addition of 100 nM insulin. Twenty-four hours after incubation with insulin, the cells were subjected to real-time PCR and ELISA analyses.', 'Insulin or high glucose alone markedly increased VEGF mRNA and protein levels in BRECs (P<0.05, two-way ANOVA). However, the combination of insulin and high glucose displayed a weaker effect in promoting VEGF expression than did insulin alone (P<0.05, t-test). Pretreatment of cells with PI3-K inhibitor significantly (P<0.05, one-way ANOVA) suppressed the insulin-induced VEGF expression; neither pretreatment with the PKC inhibitor nor with the P42/p44 MAPK inhibitor showed an effect on the expression of VEGF at the mRNA or protein level (P>0.05, one-way ANOVA).\Question: Does high glucose attenuate insulin-induced VEGF expression in bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cells?
answer:

Both insulin and high glucose can markedly increase VEGF expression in BRECs at the mRNA and protein level. We propose that insulin may upregulate VEGF expression through the PI3-K signalling pathway in BRECs, and high glucose may attenuate insulin-induced VEGF expression by impairing PI3-K signalling pathways.