Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: To investigate the effects of copper on permeability and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) of Caco-2 cell monolayers.', 'The differentiated Caco-2 cell model was used in this study. Permeability of cell monolayers was reflected by monitoring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER); distribution of tight junctional protein ZO-1 was measured by immunofluorescent staining; F actin was measured by fluorescence staining; and Activity of P-gp was reflected by changes of transcellular transport and accumulation of Rho-123 in Caco-2 cells.', "Apical treatment with copper (30 - 100 micromol/L, Hanks' buffered salt solution, up to 3 hours) induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in permeability reflected by progressive decrease of TEER of Caco-2 cell monolayers, accompanied by deorganization of F actin, but without significant effects on tight junctional protein ZO-1; at a dose without any adverse effects on viability and permeability of Caco-2 monolayers, copper treatment (300 micromol/L, complete medium, 24 hours) decreased Papp(BL-->AP) from 7.37 +/- 0.20 x 10(-6) cm/s (controls) to (6.43 +/- 0.27) x 10(-6) cm/s, the increased Papp(AP-->BL) from (1.23 +/- 0.05) x 10(-7) cm/s (controls) to (3.41 +/- 0.08) x 10(-7) cm/s, and enhanced the intracellular Rho-123 from (0.31 +/- 0.01) nmol/filter (controls) to (0.50 +/- 0.03) nmol/filter.
[A]: Does [ Copper treatment alter the barrier functions of human intestinal Caco-2 cells ]?


[Q]: Although moderate (conscious) sedation is intended during elective gastrointestinal endoscopy, unintended levels of deep sedation occur. The aims of this study were to prospectively evaluate the incidence and risk factors of deep sedation during elective endoscopy with meperidine and midazolam intended to maintain a level of moderate sedation.', "Eighty American Society of Anesthesiology class 1-2, outpatients presenting for elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), colonoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) were offered enrollment. Intravenous meperidine and midazolam were administered according to a standardized protocol. Hemodynamic parameters and levels of sedation were assessed and recorded by a single observer at 3-min intervals. The Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) scale (ranging 1-5) is a subjective sedation assessment scale used to assess sedation levels. Occurrence of deep sedation, defined by MOAA/S 1-2, was recorded. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to assess predictors of deep sedation.", 'Deep sedation occurred in 54/80 (68%) patients for a total of 204/785 (26%) of total sedation assessments. The percentage of deep sedation episodes of all sedation-level observations by procedure was 26% for EGD, 11% for colonoscopy, 35% for ERCP, and 29% for EUS. Deep sedation occurred at least once in 60% of EGD, 45% of colonoscopy, 85% of ERCP, and 80% of EUS. Multivariable analysis showed that only ERCP and EUS were independent risk factors of deep sedation.
[A]: Does deep sedation occur frequently during elective endoscopy with meperidine and midazolam?


[Q]: Atherosclerosis is a complex, chronic disease that usually arises from the converging action of several pathogenic processes, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and the accumulation of oxidized LDL. Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is a LDL- and HDL-bound enzyme that hydrolyzes and inactivates PAF and prevents LDL-cholesterol oxidation, thus delaying the onset of atherosclerotic disease.', 'We evaluated the relationship between variants of the PAF-AH gene polymorphisms Arg92His, Ile198Thr, and Ala379Val and the presence of carotid atherosclerosis in 190 hypercholesterolemic Sicilian individuals. Carotid artery intima-media wall thickness (IMT) was measured as an indicator of early atherosclerotic disease. The participants were classified according to having normal (< or =1 mm) or abnormal (> or =1 mm) IMT and were also investigated for physical characteristics and biochemical indices, including PAF-AH activity.', 'PAF-AH activity and LDL concentrations were significantly correlated in hypercholesterolemic patients, but plasma PAF-AH activity and HDL were not significantly correlated in either IMT group. No significant differences were detected among the PAF-AH gene polymorphisms in both groups after correction for age, sex, body mass index, plasma glucose and lipid concentrations, PAF-AH activity, blood pressure, and smoking habits. The analysis of PAF-AH genotype distribution showed no significant differences in percentage of 92, 198, and 379 genotypes in both IMT groups.
[A]:
Is platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase associated with carotid intima-media thickness in hypercholesterolemic Sicilian individuals?