In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[EX Q]: if the defendant is a natural person at least 18 years of age or emancipated by court order, by:
[EX A]: non-overruling

[EX Q]: although we are reluctant to abandon settled precedent, a majority of this court is now convinced that our decision in federal kemper was improvident and should be overruled.
[EX A]: overruling

[EX Q]: the claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is facially sufficient on sosataquechel's assertion that he would not have entered a plea of guilty, and instead would have chosen to go to trial, had counsel informed him of the claimed defense of self-defense.
[EX A]:
non-overruling