Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Sleep plays a central role in maintaining health and cognition. In most epidemiologic studies, sleep is evaluated by self-report questionnaires but several reports suggest that these evaluations might be less accurate than objective measures such as polysomnography or actigraphy. Determinants of the discrepancy between objective and subjective measures remain to be investigated. The aim of this pilot-study was to examine the role of mood states in determining the discrepancy observed between objective and subjective measures of sleep duration in older adults.', 'Objective sleep quantity and quality were recorded by actigraphy in a sample of 45 elderly subjects over at least three consecutive nights. Subjective sleep duration and supplementary data, such as mood status and memory, were evaluated using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).', "A significant discrepancy was observed between EMA and actigraphic measures of sleep duration (p < 0.001). The magnitude of this difference was explained by the patient's mood status (p = 0.020). No association was found between the magnitude of this discrepancy and age, sex, sleep quality or memory performance.

Answer: Does mood influence the Concordance of Subjective and Objective Measures of Sleep Duration in Older Adults?


Question: Thailand has the lowest incidence of gastric cancer in the world. Helicobacter pylori infection, a low serum pepsinogen I/II ratio, and interleukin (IL)-1beta-511 polymorphisms are suspected to be risk factors for gastric cancer.', 'A total of 167 Thais, comprising 56 cancer patients and 111 volunteers without cancer, underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopic examination and three fixed-point biopsies; a cancer tissue biopsy was also done, and blood samples were collected. The subjects without cancer were divided into normal subjects and chronic gastritis patients. IL-1beta-511 polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the serum levels of pepsinogen I and II were determined by a radioimmunoassay. Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody and tissue pathology were tested in all groups.', 'The pepsinogen I/II ratio was significantly lower in the gastric cancer group than in the normal and chronic gastritis groups [odds ratio (OR), 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-4.80; P = 0.025]. Gastric cancer patients were positive for the H. pylori IgG antibody more frequently than negative (OR, 2.946; 95% CI, 1.4-6.39; P = 0.005). However, only 15 (27%) cancer patients were both positive for H. pylori IgG antibody and had low serum pepsinogen I/II. The C/C genotype was found more frequently in the gastric cancer group than in the group with a normal gastric mucosa (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.50-0.81; P = 0.014).

Answer: Are helicobacter pylori infection in combination with the serum pepsinogen I/II ratio and interleukin-1beta-511 polymorphisms independent risk factors for gastric cancer in Thais?


Question: We aimed to investigate whether and how the total flavonoid extracts (TFE) from Inula britannica L. block neointimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury in rats.', 'Rats were administered orally TFE doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/d by gastric gavage from 3 days before balloon injury to 14 days after the injury. The ratio of intima (I) to media (M) thickness (I/M) in carotid arteries was examined by morphological analyses. The MDA content and SOD activity in plasma were measured. The O(2)(-) production in vascular tissues was detected in situ. The expression of p47(phox) in carotid arteries was analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry.', 'The rats treated with TFE 50 mg/kg/d showed a reduction in neointimal hyperplasia, and the ratio of I/M of balloon injured-carotid arteries was significantly reduced by over 70% after TFE treatment, compared with the injured group. The inhibitory effect of TFE on neointimal hyperplasia was almost consistent with that of atorvastatin, a positive control. The plasma SOD activity was obviously increased by TFE treatment (P<0.01), while plasma MDA production was markedly decreased by TFE treatment (P<0.05). On day 14 after balloon injury, the carotid arteries showed an increase in O(2)(-) production that was most evident in the neointimal and medial layer of the vessel. Thus, TFE significantly inhibited injury-induced O(2)(-) production and p47(phox) expression in carotid arteries.

Answer:
Do flavonoids from Inula britannica L. inhibit injury-induced neointimal formation by suppressing oxidative-stress generation?