In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[Q]: indeed, this court has recognized that a party may make allegations on information and belief in the fraud context when ""(1) the facts constituting the fraud are not accessible to the plaintiff and (2) the plaintiff provides the grounds for his suspicions.""
[A]: non-overruling


[Q]: whatever may be said for the proposition that vines was overruled sub silentio by spears, we conclude that insofar as it stands for the proposition that a utility company owes no duty to persons who may, through foreseeable negligence, come in contact with its poles, vines must be overruled.
[A]: overruling


[Q]: (in re victor l. (2010) 182 cal.app.4th 902, 910 (victor l.).)
[A]:
non-overruling