Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[EX Q]: In RA, conflicting results have been described on the association between genotypes of the complement factor mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and disease susceptibility and severity. This might be due to underpowerment of previous research work and the fact that no confirmation cohorts were used. Therefore a different approach is warranted.', 'MBL2 gene polymorphisms were determined in two RA cohorts (378 and 261 cases) and 648 controls. Considering MBL polymorphisms, cases and controls were categorized in groups of high, intermediate and low MBL production. The total sample size allows detection of a potential association between RA susceptibility and MBL groups with an odds ratio of 1.37 (alpha < 0.05; 1-beta > 0.8). Disease severity as defined by the need for anti-TNF therapy was also analysed for possible associations with MBL groups.', 'There was no difference in the frequencies between MBL genotypes of RA cases and controls that are associated with high (cases 54.4%, controls 57.0%), intermediate (cases 28.9%, controls 27.5%) or low (cases 16.7%, controls 15.5%) MBL production. Furthermore, there was no association between MBL groups and disease severity.
[EX A]: 1

[EX Q]: Endothelin receptor antagonists improve pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type 2 receptor (BMPR2) predispose to PAH. Here, we sought to determine whether there might exist interactions between these 2 signaling pathways and their effect on the acquisition of the altered phenotype of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs) observed in PAH.', 'Expression of BMPR2, of the BMP agonist BMP4, and of the BMP antagonists gremlin1 and gremlin2 was evaluated in lungs and in PA-SMCs from 6 PAH patients and 14 controls treated with endothelin-1. Endothelin-1 pre-treated PA-SMCs were assessed for proliferation, apoptosis, and downstream signaling activation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38(MAPK)) after BMP2 treatment.', 'In PA-SMCs from PAH patients, expression of BMPR2 and BMP4 decreased, whereas expression of gremlin1 and gremlin2 increased compared with controls. Treatment of control PA-SMCs with endothelin-1 induced a dose-dependent increase in gremlin1 and gremlin2, whereas BMPR2 and BMP4 expression decreased, reaching similar levels as those observed in PAH cells. In control PA-SMCs, endothelin-1 pre-treatment reduced inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id1) expression and Smad1/5/8 activation induced by BMP2, whereas it enhanced p38(MAPK) activation. Moreover, BMP2 decreased serum-induced proliferation and increased the pro-apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These effects were attenuated by endothelin-1 pre-treatment. Endothelin-1 did not alter BMPR2 signaling in PA-SMCs from PAH patients.
[EX A]: 0

[EX Q]: We investigated parent-of-origin and allele-specific expression effects on obesity and hepatic gene expression in reciprocal crosses between the Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred line (BFMI) and C57Bl/6NCrl (B6N).', 'We found that F1-males with a BFMI mother developed 1.8 times more fat mass on a high fat diet at 10 weeks than F1-males of a BFMI father. The phenotype was detectable from six weeks on and was preserved after cross-fostering. RNA-seq data of liver provided evidence for higher biosynthesis and elongation of fatty acids (p\u2009=\u20090.00635) in obese male offspring of a BFMI mother versus lean offspring of a BFMI father. Furthermore, fatty acid degradation (p\u2009=\u20090.00198) and the peroxisome pathway were impaired (p\u2009=\u20090.00094). The circadian rhythm was affected as well (p\u2009=\u20090.00087). Among the highest up-regulated protein coding genes in obese males were Acot4 (1.82 fold, p\u2009=\u20090.022), Cyp4a10 (1.35 fold, p\u2009=\u20090.026) and Cyp4a14 (1.32 fold, p\u2009=\u20090.012), which hydroxylize fatty acids and which are known to be increased in liver steatosis. Obese males showed lower expression of the genetically imprinted and paternally expressed 3 (Peg3) gene (0.31 fold, p\u2009=\u20090.046) and higher expression of the androgen receptor (Ar) gene (2.38 fold, p\u2009=\u20090.068). Allelic imbalance was found for expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter gene Abca8b. Several of the differentially expressed genes contain estrogen response elements.
[EX A]:
0