In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
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Question: Molecular technology has given us a greater insight into the aetiology of disease, the functioning of the immune system and the mode of action of veterinary pathogens. The knowledge gained has been used to develop new vaccines with specific, reactive antigens which elicit protective immune mediated responses (humoral and/or cell mediated) in the host. These vaccines should not burden the immune system by initiating responses against non-essential antigens. However, the efficacy of these vaccines is only as good as the delivery technology or route used to present them to the immune system. Some vaccines, traditionally given by the parenteral route, are now given by the natural route; either orally or intranasally. Two major advantages, often interrelated, are the rapid onset of immunity and stimulation of the local, mucosal immunity. These new technologies are now making an impact on current vaccine development. The balance has to be found between what is technologically feasible and what will provide at least as good a protective immunity as current, conventional vaccines. As new and emerging diseases appear globally, new opportunities arise for molecular and conventional technologies to be applied to both the development and delivery of novel vaccines, as well as the improvement of vaccines in current use. #

Answer: Overview of new vaccines and technologies


Question: Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly discovered coronavirus, which belongs to the family Coronaviridae. It causes watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration in newborn piglets. A sensitive RT-PCR method is urgently required to detect PDCoV infection. In this study, we developed and evaluated a conventional RT-PCR assay and a SYBR green-based real-time RT-PCR assay that targeted the PDCoV gene. Both assays are specific and have the same limit of detection at 2 × 10 1 copies of RNA molecules per reaction. Eighty-four clinical samples were subjected to both conventional RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR, and the same positive rate (41.7%) was achieved, which was much higher than the positive rate (26.2%) using a previously described onestep RT-PCR technique. In summary, a conventional RT-PCR technique was successfully established for the detection of PDCoV with the same detection limit as a SYBR green-based real-time RT-PCR assay.

Answer: Research Article


Question: Background: Estimating the prevalence of severe or critical illness and case fatality of 19 outbreak in December, 2019 remains a challenge due to biases associated with surveillance, 25 data synthesis and reporting. We aimed to address this limitation in a systematic review and 26 meta-analysis and to examine the clinical, biochemical and radiological risk factors in a meta-27 regression. 28 Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were 29 searched using pre-specified keywords on March 07, 2020. Peer-reviewed empirical studies 30 examining rates of severe illness, critical illness and case fatality among COVID-19 patients 31 were examined. Numerators and denominators to compute the prevalence rates and risk factors 32 were extracted. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed. Results were corrected for 33 publication bias. Meta-regression analyses examined the moderator effects of potential risk 34 factors. 35 Results: The meta-analysis included 29 studies representing 2,090 individuals. Pooled rates of 36 severe illness, critical illness and case fatality among COVID-19 patients were 15%, 5% and 37 0.8% respectively. Adjusting for potential underreporting and publication bias, increased these 38 estimates to 26%, 16% and 7.4% respectively. Increasing age and elevated LDH consistently 39 predicted severe / critical disease and case fatality. Hypertension; fever and dyspnea at 40 presentation; and elevated CRP predicted increased severity. 41 Conclusions: Risk factors that emerged in our analyses predicting severity and case fatality 42 should inform clinicians to define endophenotypes possessing a greater risk. Estimated case 43 All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. : medRxiv preprint 3 fatality rate of 7.4% after correcting for publication bias underscores the importance of strict 44 adherence to preventive measures, case detection, surveillance and reporting. 45 46 A novel corona virus, first identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019, resulted in a 64 pandemic by the first quarter of 2020, contributed by the prolonged survival of the virus in the 65 environment and extended length of pre-or post-symptomatic and potential asymptomatic 66 shedding. 1-4 While the virus is known to cause only a mild illness in a majority, severe illness 67 characterized by respiratory distress requiring hospital admission is not uncommon. 5 68 Furthermore, the virus has the potential to precipitate a life-threatening critical illness, 69 characterized by respiratory failure, circulatory shock, sepsis or other organ failure, requiring 70 intensive care. 6, 7

Answer:
Title Case fatality rate in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis