In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Q: ""if any such challenge to the underlying conviction is successful, the defendant may then apply for reopening of his federal sentence.""

A: non-overruling
****
Q: consequently, w e disapprove the decision in state v. falcon 556 so.2d 762 (fla. 2d dca 1990), which, contrary to ferrair, held that section 713.34 (3), florida statutes (1985), created an unconstitutional mandatory presumption.

A: overruling
****
Q: people v chambers, 430 mich 217, 222; 421 nw2d 903 (1988).

A:
non-overruling
****