In medical studies, treatments are tested within a group of study participants. To determine if a new treatment works, various outcomes are measured in the people who take part in the study. You will be given a sentence of a study report in which your task is to list the phrases that give information about the outcomes of the study. You should list the phrases in the same order that they appear in the text, separated by commas. If no information about the outcome is mentioned, just answer with: "not found".
 Outcomes contain: outcomes measured in patients: like blood sugar,
 outcomes regarding the intervention: like effectiveness, costs
 the score on a medical test or questionnaire,
 positive or negative events in the patient groups: like quitting smoking, or adverse reactions.
 Do not mention numbers or results, interpretations of outcomes, outcome mentions without relevant information.

Q: Cost per quality-adjusted life year ( QALY ) gained was estimated using trial data .

A: not found
****
Q: Participants were 58 children ( 46 boys ) with autism between 3 and 4 years of age .

A: not found
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Q: Since the results were essentially identical between the techniques , it seems that comparable pathophysiological factors affect TLCO during breath holding and constant exhalation .

A:
not found
****