In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Input: Consider Input: language to the contrary which we used in duehay v. acacia mutual life ins. co., infra, was unnecessary for decision in that case and is overruled.

Output: overruling


Input: Consider Input: no such authority is required to be shown in cases involving the forgery of a check and the contrary holding in fain v. commonwealth is overruled.

Output: overruling


Input: Consider Input: contrary to the grandmother's contention on appeal, under the circumstances of this case, there was a binding and effective waiver by her of the right to counsel (cf. matter of soto v willis, 143 ad3d 728, 729-730).


Output: non-overruling