TASK DEFINITION: In this task you are expected to provide an SQL statement from an english description of what that SQL statement does. The description may include multiple steps but you should only ouput one SQL statement that accomplishes every step. An SQL query works by selecting data from a table where certain conditions apply. A table contains columns where every row in that table must have a value for each column. Every table has a primary key that uniquely identifies each row, usually an id. To choose which columns are returned you specify that after the "SELECT" statement. Next, you use a "FROM" statement to specify what tables you want to select the data from. When you specify a table you can rename it with the "AS" statement. You can reference that table by whatever name follows the "AS" statement. If you want to select data from multiple tables you need to use the "JOIN" statement. This will join the tables together by pairing a row in one table with every row in the other table (Cartesian Product). To limit the number of rows returned you should use the "ON" statement. This will only return rows where the condition specified after the statement is true, this is usually an equals operator with primary keys. You can also use the "WHERE" statement to specify that only rows with column values statisfying a certain condition, should be returned. The "GROUP BY" statement will group rows together that have equal column values for whatever columns follows the statement. The "HAVING" statement will return groups that statisfy whatever condition follows the statement. Any column(s) being returned from grouped rows must either be an aggregate function, (AVG, MAX, COUNT, SUM, ...) of a column, or the column(s) that the data was grouped by. To sort the returned data you can use the "ORDER BY" command which will order the data by whatever aggregate function or column follows the statement. The "DESC" statement will sort in descending order and the "ASC" statement will sort in ascending order. Finally, you can use the "LIMIT" statement to return a certain number of rows. When "*" is used in an SQL statement every column is returned. For example, SELECT * FROM table WHERE attribute = 1, will select every column from rows with the attribute column equal to 1.
PROBLEM: Step 1: For each row in genre table, find the corresponding rows in song table.
Step 2: find each value of g_name in the results of step 1 along with the average song's rating of the corresponding rows to each value

SOLUTION: SELECT Avg ( T2.rating ) , T2.languages FROM genre AS T1 JOIN song AS T2 ON T1.g_name = T2.genre_is GROUP BY T1.g_name

PROBLEM: find without repetition the id, name of ship table for which ship_type equals Brig

SOLUTION: SELECT DISTINCT id , name FROM ship WHERE ship_type = "Brig"

PROBLEM: Step 1: For each row in Lives_in table, find corresponding rows in Student table and in Dorm table.
Step 2: find the number of rows in the results of step 1 whose Sex equals Smith Hall and gender equals F

SOLUTION:
SELECT Count ( * ) FROM Student AS T1 JOIN Dorm AS T2 JOIN Lives_in AS T3 ON T1.StuID = T3.stuid AND T3.dormid = T2.dormid WHERE T1.Sex = "Smith Hall" AND T2.gender = "F"