In this task, you are given a set of context paragraphs, some supporting facts and an answer of a question. Your task is to generate question for given answer based on set of context paragraphs, supporting facts and an answer.

Q: Context_1 : The Taxpayer Choice Act ( / ) was a proposed bill in the United States Congress which, if enacted, would have amended the Internal Revenue Code to eliminate the alternative minimum tax on individual taxpayers. The bill was reproposed in 2009. The bill was not voted upon in either session. The legislation would create an alternative, simplified tax that individuals may choose over the current personal income tax. The new system would have two tax rates (up to $100K at 10% and 25% for everything above), a large standard deduction with no special deductions, and is argued to greatly reduce the damage and complexity caused by the current income tax. The bill would also make permanent the capital gains and dividends rate reductions enacted by the "Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act". In the House, the bill was introduced by Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI), ranking member on the House Budget Committee, and had 83 cosponsors in 2007 and 22 fellow Republicans in 2009. The bill was introduced in the Senate by Jim Demint. The plan has been supported by FreedomWorks, former House Majority Leader Dick Armey, and former 2008 presidential candidate Fred Thompson. Context_2 : John 'Jay' Gustav Edwards IV (born April 7, 1958 in Newport, Rhode Island) is an American politician and a Democratic member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives representing District 70 since January 2009. On March 25, 2014, Rep. Edwards was elected House Majority Whip by the House Democratic Caucus when Rep. Nicholas Mattiello became Speaker. Prior to that he had served as the Senior Deputy Majority Leader under Speaker Gordon Fox. Edwards serves on the House Labor, House Oversight, House Judiciary and House Small Business Committees. In September 2014, Edwards became a CSG Henry Toll Fellow. Context_3 : John Forbes "Iron Duke" Thompson (May 20, 1920 – August 12, 1965) was a U.S. politician who was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1949–1964. He served as the House Majority Leader from 1955–1957 and Speaker of the House from 1958 to 1964. Thompson resigned as speaker in 1964 following a bribery indictment. He died before the case was resolved. John F. Thompson Hall, a center for social and behavioral science classrooms and offices at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, is named after him. Context_4 : Richard Keith Armey ( ; born July 7, 1940) is an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Texas'  (1985–2003) and House Majority Leader (1995–2003). He was one of the engineers of the "Republican Revolution" of the 1990s, in which Republicans were elected to majorities of both houses of Congress for the first time in four decades. Armey was one of the chief authors of the Contract with America. Armey is also an author and former economics professor. After his retirement from Congress, he has worked as a consultant, advisor, and lobbyist. Context_5 : W. Paul White (born July 7, 1945 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) is an American political politician who was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1973 to 1989 and the Massachusetts Senate from 1989 to 1999. He was the House Majority Leader in 1984 and the Second Assistant Majority Leader in the Senate from 1995 to 1996. Context_6 : Marvin Kirkland "Kirk" Cox (born August 17, 1957) is an American politician and member of the Republican Party. He has served in the Virginia House of Delegates since 1990, representing the 66th District, made up of the southern Richmond suburb of Colonial Heights and nearby parts of Chesterfield County. Cox has served as House Majority Leader since December 2010, after previously serving as House Majority Whip from 2004-2010. Context_7 : Jene Vickrey is a Republican member of the Kansas House of Representatives, representing the 6th district. He has been serving since 1993, and is currently House Majority Leader. Before becoming House Majority Leader, he was speaker pro tempore. Context_8 : Willem W. Jewett (born August 23, 1963) is an American Democratic politician. He is a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from the Addison's 2nd District, being first elected in 2002. Jewett served as the Assistant House Majority Leader during the 2011-12 session and as the House Majority Leader during the 2013-14 session. He is serving as the Vice-Chair of House Judiciary during the 2015-16 session. Jewett has two daughters, Anneke, 21 and Abi, 17. Anneke Jewett is a professional photographer living in San Francisco, California. Abi is a professional alpine skier in Vermont Context_9 : Dave Hunt (born November 10, 1967) is an American politician in the state of Oregon. A Democrat, he was the Oregon House Speaker and served as State Representative for District 40 of the Oregon House of Representatives representing Clackamas County from 2003 to 2013. He was elected House Majority Leader for the 2007–2009 session, succeeding Minority Leader Jeff Merkley, who was chosen as Speaker. Hunt served as Speaker during the 2009–2011 session, again succeeding Merkley, who was elected to serve in the United States Senate. After his service in the House, Hunt ran for Clackamas County Chair, but ultimately lost. Context_10 : Micky Hammon is a former American politician. He served as Republican member and Majority Leader of the Alabama House of Representatives, representing the 4th district, Limestone and Morgan counties. Hammon resigned as House Majority Leader in February 2017 before announcing in July 2017 that he would be retiring and would not see reelection in 2018. On September 26, 2017, the United States Attorney's Office announced that Hammon had pleaded guilty to devising a scheme to commit mail fraud after he used campaign funds for personal use. fact_1 :  The plan has been supported by FreedomWorks, former House Majority Leader Dick Armey, and former 2008 presidential candidate Fred Thompson. fact_2 : Richard Keith Armey ( ; born July 7, 1940) is an American politician. fact_3 :  He was a U.S. Representative from Texas'  (1985–2003) and House Majority Leader (1995–2003). Answer: Texas

A: Which state did this American politician and House Majority Leader represent in Congress, who supported the Taxpayer Choice Act along with FreedomWorks, and Fred Thompson?
****
Q: Context_1 : Wladimir Wladimirowitsch Klitschko (born 25 March 1976) is a Ukrainian former professional boxer who competed from 1996 to 2017. He is a two-time world heavyweight champion, having held the WBA (Super), IBF and WBO titles, as well as the IBO, "Ring" magazine, and lineal titles. A strategic and intelligent boxer, Klitschko is considered to be one of the greatest heavyweight champions of all time. He was known for his exceptional knockout power, utilising a strong jab, straight right hand and left hook. Context_2 : Guy "Arc Angel" Waters ( (1964--) 25 1964 (age (2017)-(1964)-((11)<(01)or(11)==(01)and(30)<(25)) ) ) is an Australian professional welter/light middle/middle/super middle/light heavy/cruiserweight boxer of the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s who won the New South Wales State (Australia) light heavyweight title, Australian light heavyweight title, Oriental and Pacific Boxing Federation (OPBF) light heavyweight title, Australasian Light Heavyweight Title, World Boxing Federation (WBF) light heavyweight title, International Boxing Federation (IBF) Pan Pacific super middleweight title, Oriental and Pacific Boxing Federation (OPBF) super middleweight title, and Commonwealth light heavyweight title, and was a challenger for the WBC light heavyweight title against Dennis Andries, World Boxing Association (WBA) World light heavyweight title against Virgil Hill, World Boxing Council (WBC) cruiserweight title against Juan Carlos Gómez, and Commonwealth super middleweight title against David Starie, his professional fighting weight varied from 167+1/2 lb , i.e. super middleweight to 185+1/4 lb , i.e. cruiserweight. Context_3 : "Battling" Jim Johnson (September 2, 1887 – November 6, 1918) was an American boxer who fought as a heavyweight from 1908 to 1918. He had little success and lost with great frequency to top boxers such as Sam Langford, Joe Jeanette, Sam McVey, Harry Wills and Kid Norfolk. In spite of this (or because of it), Jack Johnson, the first black world heavyweight champion, gave him a title shot. When they fought in Paris in August 1913, it was the first time that two black boxers had fought for the world heavyweight title. Battling Jim was the only black fighter Johnson faced during his reign as heavyweight champ from 1908 to 1915. Context_4 : Petty officer Matthew 'Nutty' Curran (1882–1938 (aged 56)) born in Lisdeen, Kilkee was an Irish professional cruiser/heavyweight boxer of the 1900s, '10s and '20s, who won the Irish heavyweight title, British heavyweight title (as this bout didn't take place at National Sporting Club premises at 43 King Street, Covent Garden, London, this and subsequent British heavyweight title bouts featuring Matthew 'Nutty' Curran were not recognised by the National Sporting Club (NSC), nor retrospectively by the British Boxing Board of Control), and British Empire heavyweight title, and challenged for the British Boxing Board of Control British heavyweight title, his professional fighting weight varied from 178 lb , i.e. Cruiserweight to 199 lb , i.e. Heavyweight. Matthew Curran's nickname of 'Nutty' came about because "he would foul you early on or he went so crazy that he railroaded you into fouling him", 'Nutty' being slang for a crazy person, i.e. one who suffers from insanity. Context_5 : Robert Lloyd "Bob" Foster (December 15, 1938 – November 21, 2015) was an American professional boxer who fought as a light heavyweight and heavyweight. Known as "The Deputy Sheriff", Foster was one of the greatest light heavyweight champions in boxing history. He won the world light heavyweight title from Dick Tiger in 1968 via fourth-round knockout, and went on to defend his crown fourteen times in total from 1968 to 1974. Foster challenged heavyweight kings Joe Frazier and Muhammad Ali during his career, but was knocked out by both fighters (the fight with Ali was not for a world heavyweight title, but for the regional NABF version). Context_6 : Neil "Simmo" Simpson ( (1974--) 23 1974 (age (2017)-(1974)-((11)<(01)or(11)==(01)and(30)<(23)) ) ) born in London, now based in Coventry, is an English professional light heavy/cruiser/heavyweight boxer of the 1990s and 2000s, who won the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) Midlands Area light heavyweight title, BBBofC British light heavyweight title, British Masters Cruiserweight title, and Commonwealth light heavyweight title, and was a challenger for the International Boxing Organization (IBO) Inter-Continental light heavyweight title against Darren Corbett, European Boxing Union (EBU) light heavyweight title against Yawe Davis, World Boxing Union (WBU) light heavyweight title against Tony Oakey, and BBBofC British light heavyweight title against Peter Oboh, his professional fighting weight varied from 169 lb , i.e. light heavyweight to 216 lb , i.e. heavyweight. Context_7 : Steve Aczel ( (1954--) 08 1954 (age (2017)-(1954)-((11)<(09)or(11)==(09)and(30)<(08)) ) ) born in Budapest is an Australian professional light heavy/cruiser/heavyweight boxer of the 1980s, '90s and 2000s who won the Australasian light heavyweight title, Australian light heavyweight title, Australian heavyweight title, Oriental and Pacific Boxing Federation (OPBF) heavyweight title, Queensland State (Australia) heavyweight title, and Commonwealth light heavyweight title, drew with Maile Haumona for the South Pacific heavyweight title, and was a challenger for the Australian cruiserweight title against Tony Mundine, and Commonwealth cruiserweight title against Stewart Lithgo, his professional fighting weight varied from 172 lb , i.e. light heavyweight to 203+1/2 lb , i.e. heavyweight. He was inducted into the Australian National Boxing Hall of Fame in 2011. Context_8 : Jameel McCline (born May 20, 1970) is an American former professional boxer. He challenged for the world heavyweight title on an unprecedented four occasions, losing all four attempts to Wladimir Klitschko, Chris Byrd, Nikolai Valuev and Samuel Peter. Despite never winning a world title, McCline did defeat former champions and top contenders in Michael Grant, Lance Whitaker, Al Cole, and Shannon Briggs. McCline retired in 2012 at the age of 42. Context_9 : Crawford "Chilling" Ashley (born Gary Crawford, 20 May 1964 in Leeds is an English professional super middle/light heavy/cruiser/heavyweight boxer of the 1980s, '90s and 2000s, who won the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) Central Area light heavyweight title, BBBofC British light heavyweight title, European Boxing Union (EBU) light heavyweight title (twice), and Commonwealth light heavyweight title (twice), drew with Yawe Davis for the vacant European Boxing Union (EBU) light heavyweight title, and was a challenger for the European Boxing Union (EBU) light heavyweight title against Graciano Rocchigiani, World Boxing Association (WBA) World super middleweight title against Michael Nunn, World Boxing Association (WBA) World light heavyweight title against Virgil Hill, and World Boxing Union (WBU) cruiserweight title against Sebastiaan Rothmann, his professional fighting weight varied from 163 lb , i.e. super middleweight to 211 lb , i.e. heavyweight. Context_10 : Gary Delaney ( (1970--) 12 1970 (age (2017)-(1970)-((11)<(08)or(11)==(08)and(30)<(12)) ) ) born in Newham is an English professional light heavy/cruiser/heavyweight boxer of the 1990s and 2000s. He won the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC) Southern Area light heavyweight title, World Boxing Board (WBB) light heavyweight title, World Boxing Organization (WBO) Inter-Continental light heavyweight title, BBBofC Southern Area cruiserweight title, and Commonwealth light heavyweight title (twice), and was a challenger for the BBBofC British heavyweight title, and Commonwealth heavyweight title against Julius Francis, World Boxing Organization (WBO) Inter-Continental cruiserweight title against John Keeton, and Jesper Kristiansen, BBBofC British cruiserweight title, and Commonwealth (British Empire) cruiserweight title against Bruce Scott, and World Boxing Union cruiserweight title against Sebastiaan Rothmann, and Enzo Maccarinelli, his professional fighting weight varied from 174 lb , i.e. light heavyweight to 231 lb , i.e. heavyweight. fact_1 :  He challenged for the world heavyweight title on an unprecedented four occasions, losing all four attempts to Wladimir Klitschko, Chris Byrd, Nikolai Valuev and Samuel Peter. fact_2 : Wladimir Wladimirowitsch Klitschko (born 25 March 1976) is a Ukrainian former professional boxer who competed from 1996 to 2017. Answer: Ukrainian

A: Jameel McCline lost four attempts at the world heavyweight title to a boxer of what nationality?
****
Q: Context_1 : Hamlet and His Problems is an essay written by T.S. Eliot in 1919 that offers a critical reading of "Hamlet". The essay first appeared in Eliot's "The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism" in 1920. It was later reprinted by Faber & Faber in 1932 in "Selected Essays, 1917-1932". Eliot's critique gained attention partly due to his claim that "Hamlet" is "most certainly an artistic failure". Eliot also popularised the concept of the objective correlative—a mechanism used to evoke emotion in an audience—in the essay. The essay is also an example of Eliot's use of what became known as new criticism. Context_2 : Reading the Romance is a book by Janice Radway that analyzes the Romance novel genre using reader-response criticism, first published in 1984 and reprinted in 1991. The 1984 edition of the book is composed of an introduction, six chapters, and a conclusion, structured partly around Radway’s investigation of romance readers in Smithton (a pseudonym) and partly around Radway’s own criticism. Radway herself expresses preference for reader-response criticism throughout the course of the book, as opposed to the popular new criticism during the 1980s. Context_3 : Ghost Publishing is an anonymous publishing movement. The basic philosophy of the movement is in part derivative of the new criticism of the early part of the twentieth century. The new criticism held that a work should be treated as though it were contemporary and anonymous whether it was a text by Tacitus or Hemingway. The Ghost Publishers take the belief one step further and hold that works of literature are most powerful when they are anonymous. Most texts that have come out of this movement are photocopied booklets that are distributed through one of three typical methods: the drop-off, blind mail, and piggy-backing. The most common is the drop-off whereby the writer simply prints his texts and drops them someplace where they are likely to be found, such as a park or a city bus. Blind mail is held by some to be a better method since the likelihood of being delivered is higher than in the drop-off, but some feel that most blind mail deliveries are discarded as though they were junk mail. Some also feel that blind mailing to unknown recipients runs the risk of appearing menacing to some recipients. Piggy-backing is the most controversial delivery method since there is some question as to its legality at least in some jurisdictions. Piggy-backing involves placing anonymous texts inside product packaging without the knowledge or approval of the manufacturer. Some popular items to piggy-back are cases of soft drinks, shoe boxes, and the inside pockets of sport coats. Context_4 : New Criticism was a formalist movement in literary theory that dominated American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century. It emphasized close reading, particularly of poetry, to discover how a work of literature functioned as a self-contained, self-referential aesthetic object. The movement derived its name from John Crowe Ransom's 1941 book "The New Criticism". The work of English scholar I. A. Richards, especially his "Practical Criticism" and "The Meaning of Meaning", which offered what was claimed to be an empirical scientific approach, were important to the development of New Critical methodology. Also very influential were the critical essays of T. S. Eliot, such as "Tradition and the Individual Talent" and "Hamlet and His Problems", in which Eliot developed his notion of the "objective correlative". Eliot's evaluative judgments, such as his condemnation of Milton and Shelley, his liking for the so-called metaphysical poets and his insistence that poetry must be impersonal, greatly influenced the formation of the New Critical canon. Context_5 : Chintayami Manasa (Gujarati: ચિન્તયામિ મનસા ; English: Thinking Deeply ), published in 1983, is a critical work in Gujarati by Suresh Joshi. Joshi evaluated ideas based on European and American criticism like new criticism, semiotics linguistics-oriented criticism, modernism and postmodernism in it. Joshi received the Sahitya Akademi Award (1983) for it which he refused to accept. Context_6 : The biographical fallacy is a term used in cultural criticism to critique the view that works of creative art, literature or music can be interpreted as reflections of the life of their authors. Along with the intentional fallacy, the term was introduced by exponents of the New Criticism who wished to emphasise that artworks should be interpreted and assessed as constructed artifacts rather than expressions of the emotions of specific individuals. The term is thus used to criticize the school of literary interpretation called Biographical criticism. Context_7 : John Crowe Ransom (April 30, 1888 – July 3, 1974) was an American educator, scholar, literary critic, poet, essayist and editor. He is considered to be a founder of the New Criticism school of literary criticism. As a faculty member at Kenyon College, he was the first editor of the widely regarded "Kenyon Review". Highly respected as a teacher and mentor to a generation of accomplished students, he also was a prize-winning poet and essayist. Context_8 : "Tradition and the Individual Talent" (1919) is an essay written by poet and literary critic T. S. Eliot. The essay was first published in "The Egoist" (1919) and later in Eliot's first book of criticism, "The Sacred Wood" (1920). The essay is also available in Eliot's "Selected Prose" and "Selected Essays"." Context_9 : "The Frontiers of Criticism" is a lecture given by T. S. Eliot at the University of Minnesota in 1956. It was reprinted in "On Poetry and Poets", a collection of Eliot's critical essays, in 1957. The essay is an attempt by Eliot to define the boundaries of literary criticism: to say what does, and what does not, constitute truly "literary" criticism, as opposed to, for example, a study in history based upon a work of literature. The essay is significant because it represents Eliot's response to the New Critical perspective which had taken the academic study of literature by storm during Eliot's lifetime. It also presents an analysis of some of its author's own poetic works, an unusual characteristic for modern criticism—it has become far more usual today for poets and critics to be in separate camps, rather than united in one individual. Perhaps even more importantly, it demonstrates the progress and change in Eliot's own critical thought over the years between 1919 and 1956. Context_10 : The Chicago School of literary criticism was a form of criticism of English literature begun at the University of Chicago in the 1930s, which lasted until the 1950s. It was also called Neo-Aristotelianism, due to its strong emphasis on Aristotle’s concepts of plot, character and genre. It was partly a reaction to New Criticism, a then highly popular form of literary criticism, which the Chicago critics accused of being too subjective and placing too much importance on irony and figurative language. They aimed instead for total objectivity and a strong classical basis of evidence for criticism. The New Critics regarded the language and poetic diction as most important, but the Chicago School considered such things merely the building material of poetry. Like Aristotle, they valued the structure or form of a literary work as a whole, rather than the complexities of the language. Despite this, the Chicago School is considered by some to be a part of the New Criticism movement. fact_1 : New Criticism was a formalist movement in literary theory that dominated American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century. fact_2 : Hamlet and His Problems is an essay written by T.S. Eliot in 1919 that offers a critical reading of "Hamlet". Answer: Hamlet and His Problems

A:
What essay, written in 1919, was considered a part of the New Criticism movement?
****