In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words.
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Question: Résumé. Le crowdsourcing, un enjeu économique majeur, est le fait d’externaliser une tâche interne d’une entreprise vers le grand-public, la foule. C’est ainsi une forme de sous-traitance digitale destinée à toute personne susceptible de pouvoir réaliser la tâche demandée généralement rapide et non automatisable. L’évaluation de la qualité du travail des participants est cependant un problème majeur en crowdsourcing. En effet, les contributions doivent être contrôlées pour assurer l’efficacité et la pertinence d’une campagne. Plusieurs méthodes ont été proposées pour évaluer le niveau d’expertise des participants. Ce travail a la particularité de proposer une méthode de calcul de degrés d’expertise en présence de données dont l’ordre de classement est connu. Les degrés d’expertise sont ensuite considérés sur des données sans ordre pré-établi. Cette méthode fondée sur la théorie des fonctions de croyance tient compte des incertitudes des réponses et est évaluée sur des données réelles d’une campagne réalisée en 2016.

Answer: Une mesure d’expertise pour le crowdsourcing


Question: The interest in the combination of probability with logics for modeling the world has rapidly increased in the last few years. One of the most effective approaches is the Distribution Semantics which was adopted by many logic programming languages and in Descripion Logics. In this paper, we illustrate the work we have done in this research field by presenting a probabilistic semantics for description logics and reasoning and learning algorithms. In particular, we present in detail the system TRILL , which computes the probability of queries w.r.t. probabilistic knowledge bases, which has been implemented in Prolog. Note: An extended abstract / full version of a paper accepted to be presented at the Doctoral Consortium of the 30th International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP 2014), July 19-22, Vienna, Austria

Answer: Reasoning with Probabilistic Logics


Question: In recent years significant progress has been made in successfully training recurrent neural networks (RNNs) on sequence learning problems involving long range temporal dependencies. The progress has been made on three fronts: (a) Algorithmic improvements involving sophisticated optimization techniques, (b) network design involving complex hidden layer nodes and specialized recurrent layer connections and (c) weight initialization methods. In this paper, we focus on recently proposed weight initialization with identity matrix for the recurrent weights in a RNN. This initialization is specifically proposed for hidden nodes with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) non linearity. We offer a simple dynamical systems perspective on weight initialization process, which allows us to propose a modified weight initialization strategy. We show that this initialization technique leads to successfully training RNNs composed of ReLUs. We demonstrate that our proposal produces comparable or better solution for three toy problems involving long range temporal structure: the addition problem, the multiplication problem and the MNIST classification problem using sequence of pixels. In addition, we present results for a benchmark action recognition problem.

Answer:
IMPROVING PERFORMANCE OF RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORK WITH RELU NONLINEARITY