In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Ex Input:
a b s t r a c t H1N1 is an infectious virus which, when spread affects a large volume of the population. It is an airborne disease that spreads easily and has a high death rate. Development of healthcare support systems using cloud computing is emerging as an effective solution with the benefits of better quality of service, reduced costs and flexibility. In this paper, an effective cloud computing architecture is proposed which predicts H1N1 infected patients and provides preventions to control infection rate. It consists of four processing components along with secure cloud storage medical database. The random decision tree is used to initially assess the infection in any patient depending on his/her symptoms. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is used to present the state of the outbreak. The proposed architecture is tested on synthetic data generated for two million users. The system provided 94% accuracy for the classification and around 81% of the resource utilization on Amazon EC2 cloud. The key point of the paper is the use of SNA graphs to calculate role of an infected user in spreading the outbreak known as Outbreak Role Index (ORI). It will help government agencies and healthcare departments to present, analyze and prevent outbreak effectively.

Ex Output:
Smart monitoring and controlling of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) using Social Network Analysis and cloud computing


Ex Input:
A reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has been described in which a full-length cDNA, corresponding to the IBV (Beaudette-CK) genome, was inserted into the vaccinia virus genome following in vitro assembly of three contiguous cDNAs [Casais, R., Thiel, V., Siddell, S.G., Cavanagh, D., Britton, P., 2001. Reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. J. Virol. 75, 12359-12369]. The method has subsequently been used to generate a recombinant IBV expressing a chimaeric S gene [Casais, R., Dove, B., Cavanagh, D., Britton, P., 2003. Recombinant avian infectious bronchitis virus expressing a heterologous spike gene demonstrates that the spike protein is a determinant of cell tropism. J. Virol. 77, 9084-9089]. Use of vaccinia virus as a vector for the full-length cDNA of the IBV genome has the advantage that modifications can be made to the IBV cDNA using homologous recombination, a method frequently used to insert and delete sequences from the vaccinia virus genome. We describe the use of homologous recombination as a method for modifying the Beaudette full-length cDNA, within the vaccinia virus genome, without the requirement for in vitro assembly of the IBV cDNA. To demonstrate the feasibility of the method we exchanged the ectodomain of the Beaudette spike gene for the corresponding region from IBV M41 and generated two recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses (rIBVs) expressing the chimaeric S protein, validating the method as an alternative way for generating rIBVs.

Ex Output:
Generation of a recombinant avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus using transient dominant selection


Ex Input:
Multicellular organisms are similar to biological communities, consisting of various cell types; thus, inter-cell communication is critical for the functioning of the whole system that ultimately constitutes a living being. Conventional models of cellular exchange include signaling molecules and direct contact-mediated cell communications. Exosomes, small vesicles originating from an inward budding of the plasma membrane, represent a new avenue for signaling between cells. This interchange is achieved by packaging RNA species into exosomes endowed with specific cell surface-targeting motifs. The delivered RNA molecules are functional and mRNA can be translated into new proteins, while miRNAs target host mRNAs in the recipient cell. RNA involved in transmitting information or molecules between cells is called exosomal RNA (esRNA). This review summarizes the characteristics of exosomes, specifically focusing on their role in the horizontal transfer of cellular information. Cell-cell communication; exosomes; esRNA; miRNA Exosomes, originally discovered in reticulocytes 1 , are multivesicular vacuoles and carriers of cellular cargo. Exosomes are the extracellular counterparts of endosomes, which are found in the cytoplasm. Endosomes were discovered in electron microscopic studies 2 and range from 30-80 nM in diameter. They are formed from an inward budding of the plasma membrane, often containing vesicles inside the lumen. To clarify the terminology, 'exosomes' can also refer to multisubunit protein complexes involved in RNA degradation 3 , however, the exosome complexes discussed in this article refer to microvesicular exosomes 4 . Exosomes differ from 'microparticles' released by cells, which arise from a budding of the outer layers of the plasma membrane. Microparticles are much larger than exosomes and range in size from 100 nm to 1 µm in diameter. Exosomes, on the other hand, are formed from endosomes, which in turn arise from an inward budding of the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm. There are often target cell-specific receptor molecules to guide exosomes to their cell of influence. Fusion of the exosomes with the plasma membrane of the recipient cell allows for transfer of the internal components to the target cell and thus, the transfer of information. The molecules being transferred can include proteins such as receptors or enzymes and nucleic acid molecules such as RNA. The RNA included in exosomes is known as exosomal RNA (esRNA). The ability to influence gene expression in distant cells through exosomes presents a remarkable model for cell-to-cell signaling. The horizontal transfer of exosomal RNA offers a new perspective on intercellular

Ex Output:

Horizontal Transfer of RNAs: Exosomes as mediators of intercellular communication NIH Public Access