instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Preserving Marginal Lands and 
Protecting Farming Act of 2013''.

SEC. 2. MAXIMUM ENROLLMENT.

    Section 1231(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 
3831(d)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(d) Maximum Enrollment.--The Secretary may maintain in the 
conservation reserve at any 1 time, not more than--
            ``(1) during fiscal year 2013, 29,000,000 acres;
            ``(2) during fiscal year 2014, 26,000,000 acres; and
            ``(3) during each of fiscal years 2015 through 2018, 
        24,000,000 acres.''.

SEC. 3. INELIGIBLE LAND.

    Section 1231 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3831) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(j) Ineligible Land.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this 
section, after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary 
may not enroll land in the conservation reserve that is classified as 
class I or class II land under the land capability classification 
system published in the National Soil Survey Handbook of the Natural 
Resources Conservation Service, unless such land is enrolled as a 
buffer, filterstrip, or strip adjacent to a riparian area.''.

SEC. 4. CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) Early Termination by Owner or Operator.--Section 1235(e) of the 
Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(e)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(A)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting 
                ``During fiscal year 2014, the Secretary''; and
                    (B) by striking ``before January 1, 1995,'';
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraph (C) and 
        inserting the following:
                    ``(C) Land devoted to hardwood trees.
                    ``(D) Wildlife habitat, duck nesting habitat, 
                pollinator habitat, upland bird habitat buffer, 
                wildlife food plots, State acres for wildlife 
                enhancement, shallow water areas for wildlife, and rare 
                and declining habitat.
                    ``(E) Farmable wetland and restored wetland.
                    ``(F) Land that contains diversions, erosion 
                control structures, flood control structures, contour 
                grass strips, living snow fences, salinity reducing 
                vegetation, cross wind trap strips, and sediment 
                retention structures.
                    ``(G) Land located within a federally-designated 
                wellhead protection area.
                    ``(H) Land that is covered by an easement under the 
                conservation reserve program.
                    ``(I) Land located within an average width, 
                according to the applicable Natural Resources 
                Conservation Service field office technical guide, of a 
                perennial stream or permanent water body.''; and
            (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``60 days after the date 
        on which the owner or operator submits the notice required 
        under paragraph (1)(C)'' and inserting ``upon approval by the 
        Secretary''.
    (b) Transition Option for Certain Farmers or Ranchers.--Section 
1235(f) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835(f)) is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
                striking ``Duties'' and all that follows through ``a 
                beginning farmer'' and inserting ``Transition to 
                covered farmer or rancher.--In the case of a contract 
                modification approved in order to facilitate the 
                transfer of land subject to a contract from a retired 
                farmer or rancher to a beginning farmer'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (A)(i), by inserting ``, 
                including preparing to plant an agricultural crop'' 
                after ``improvements'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``the farmer 
                or rancher'' and inserting ``the covered farmer or 
                rancher''; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (E), by striking ``section 
                1001A(b)(3)(B)'' and inserting ``section 1001(a)''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``requirement of section 
        1231(h)(4)(B)'' and inserting ``option pursuant to section 
        1231(h)''.
    (c) Final Year Contract.--Section 1235 of the Food Security Act of 
1985 (16 U.S.C. 3835) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection:
    ``(g) Final Year of Contract.--The Secretary shall not consider an 
owner or operator to be in violation of a term or condition of the 
conservation reserve contract if--
            ``(1) during the year prior to expiration of the contract, 
        the land is enrolled in the conservation stewardship program; 
        and
            ``(2) the activity required under the conservation 
        stewardship program pursuant to such enrollment is consistent 
        with this subchapter.''.
answer:
Preserving Marginal Lands and Protecting Farming Act of 2013 - Amends the Food Security Act of 1985 to set the maximum number of acres that may be enrolled at any one time in the conservation reserve program (CRP) at: (1) 29 million acres for FY2013, (2) 26 million acres for FY2014, and (3) 26 million acres for each of FY2015 through FY2018. Prohibits the enrollment of land in the conservation reserve that is classified as class I or class II land under the National Soil Survey Handbook's land capability classification system unless such land is enrolled as a buffer, filterstrip, or strip adjacent to a riparian area. Directs the Secretary of Agriculture (USDA), during FY2014, to permit a participant that entered into a CRP contract to terminate the contract at any time if the contract has been in effect for at least five years.  Revises the types of land that are not subject to early contract termination.


question:
SECTION 1. DENIAL OF CASH BENEFITS TO DRUG ADDICTS AND ALCOHOLICS.

    (a) Amendments Relating to Title II Disability Benefits.--
            (1) In general.--Section 225(c) of the Social Security Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 425(c)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``(c)(1)(A)'' and inserting 
                ``(2)(A)'';
                    (B) by striking paragraph (7) and by redesignating 
                paragraphs (2) through (6) as paragraphs (3) through 
                (7), respectively; and
                    (C) by inserting before paragraph (2) as 
                redesignated by subparagraph (A) the following new 
                paragraph:
    ``(c)(1) No cash benefits shall be payable under this title to any 
individual who is otherwise entitled to benefits under this title based 
on disability, if such individual's alcoholism or drug addiction is a 
contributing factor material to the Commissioner's determination that 
such individual is disabled.''.
            (2) Treatment Requirements.--
                    (A) Section 225(c)(2)(A) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                425(c)(2)(A)), as redesignated by paragraph (1), is 
                amended to read as follows:
    ``(2)(A)(i) Any individual who would be entitled to cash benefits 
under this title but for the application of paragraph (1) may elect to 
comply with the provisions of this subsection.
            ``(ii) Any individual who is entitled to cash benefits 
        under this title by reason of disability (or whose entitlement 
        to such benefits is suspended), and who was entitled to such 
        benefits by reason of disability, for which such individual's 
        alcoholism or drug addiction was a contributing factor material 
        to the Commissioner's determination that such individual was 
        disabled, for the month preceding the month in which this 
        paragraph takes effect, shall be required to comply with the 
        provisions of this subsection.
                    (B) Section 225(c)(2)(B) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                425(c)(2)(B)), as so redesignated, is amended--
                            (i) by striking ``who is required under 
                        subparagraph (A)'' and inserting ``described in 
                        clause (ii) of subparagraph (A) who is 
                        required''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``paragraph (3)'' and 
                        inserting ``paragraph (4)''.
                    (C) Section 225(c)(3)(A) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                425(c)(3)(A)), as so redesignated, is amended--
                            (i) by striking ``paragraph (1)'' and 
                        inserting ``paragraph (2)(A)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``paragraph (5)'' and 
                        inserting ``paragraph (6)''.
                    (D) Section 225(c)(3)(B) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                425(c)(3)(B)), as so redesignated, is amended by 
                striking ``paragraph (1)'' and inserting ``paragraph 
                (2)(A)''.
                    (E) Section 225(c)(5) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                425(c)(5)), as so redesignated, is amended by striking 
                ``paragraph (2)'' and inserting ``paragraph (3)''.
                    (F) Section 225(c)(6)(A) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                425(c)(6)(A), as so redesignated, is amended--
                            (i) by striking ``who are receiving 
                        benefits under this title and who as a 
                        condition of payment of such benefits'' and 
                        inserting ``described in paragraph (2)(A)(i) 
                        who elect to undergo treatment; and the 
                        monitoring and testing of all individuals 
                        described in paragraph (2)(A)(ii) who'';
                            (ii) by striking ``under paragraph (1)''; 
                        and
                            (iii) by striking ``paragraph (2)(A)'' and 
                        inserting ``paragraph (3)(A)''.
                    (G) Section 225(c)(6)(C)(ii)(I) of such Act (42 
                U.S.C. 425(c)(6)(C)(ii)(I)), as so redesignated, is 
                amended--
                            (i) by striking ``residing in the State'' 
                        and all that follows through ``they are 
                        disabled'' and inserting ``described in 
                        paragraph (2)(A) residing in the State''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``paragraph (2)(A)'' and 
                        inserting ``paragraph (3)(A)''.
                    (H) Section 225(c)(6)(C)(ii)(III) of such Act (42 
                U.S.C. 425(c)(6)(C)(ii)(III)), as so redesignated, is 
                amended by striking ``paragraph (2)(A)'' and inserting 
                ``paragraph (3)(A)''.
                    (I) Section 225(c)(6)(C) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                425(c)(6)(C)), as so redesignated, is amended by adding 
                at the end the following:
    ``(iii) The monitoring requirements of clause (ii) shall not apply 
in the case of any individual described in paragraph (2)(A)(i) who 
fails to comply with the requirements of paragraph (2).''.
                    (J) Section 225(c)(7) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                425(c)(7)), as so redesignated, is amended--
                            (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``who 
                        is entitled'' and all that follows through ``is 
                        under a disability'' and inserting ``described 
                        in paragraph (2)(A)''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``(4) 
                        or (7)'' and inserting ``(5)''.
                    (K) Section 225(c)(8) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                425(c)(8)) is amended by striking ``(1), (4) or (7)'' 
                and inserting ``(2) or (5)''.
                    (L) Section 225(c) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 425(c)) 
                is amended by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraphs:
    ``(10) The Commissioner shall provide appropriate notification to 
each individual subject to the limitation on cash benefits contained in 
paragraph (1) and the treatment provisions contained in paragraph (2).
    ``(11) The requirements of paragraph (2) shall cease to apply to 
any individual if the Commissioner determines that such individual no 
longer needs treatment.''.
            (3) Representative payee requirements.--
                    (A) Section 205(j)(1)(B) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                405(j)(1)(B)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(B) In the case of an individual entitled to benefits based on 
disability, the payment of such benefits shall be made to a 
representative payee if the Commissioner of Social Security determines 
that such payment would serve the interest of the individual because 
the individual also has an alcoholism or drug addiction condition (as 
determined by the Commissioner) and the individual is incapable of 
managing such benefits.''.
                    (B) Section 205(j)(2)(C)(v) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                405(j)(2)(C)(v)) is amended by striking ``entitled to 
                benefits'' and all that follows through ``under a 
                disability'' and inserting ``described in paragraph 
                (1)(B)''.
                    (C) Section 205(j)(2)(D)(ii)(II) of such Act (42 
                U.S.C. 405(j)(2)(D)(ii)(II)) is amended by striking all 
                that follows ``15 years, or'' and inserting ``described 
                in paragraph (1)(B).''.
                    (D) Section 205(j)(4)(A)(i)(II) of such Act (42 
                U.S.C. 405(j)(4)(A)(ii)(II)) is amended by striking 
                ``entitled to benefits'' and all that follows through 
                ``under a disability'' and inserting ``described in 
                paragraph (1)(B)''.
    (b) Amendments Relating to SSI Benefits.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1611(e)(3) of the Social Security 
        Act (42 U.S.C. 1382(e)(3)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``(B)'' and inserting ``(C)'';
                    (B) by striking ``(3)(A)'' and inserting ``(B)''; 
                and
                    (C) by inserting before subparagraph (B) as 
                redesignated by paragraph (2) the following new 
                subparagraph:
    ``(3)(A) No cash benefits shall be payable under this title to any 
individual who is otherwise eligible for benefits under this title by 
reason of disability, if such individual's alcoholism or drug addiction 
is a contributing factor material to the Commissioner's determination 
that such individual is disabled.''.
            (2) Treatment requirements.--
                    (A) Section 1611(e)(3)(B)(i)(I) of such Act (42 
                U.S.C. 1382(e)(3)(B)(i)(I)), as redesignated by 
                paragraph (1), is amended to read as follows:
    ``(B)(i)(I)(aa) Any individual who would be eligible for cash 
benefits under this title but for the application of subparagraph (A) 
may elect to comply with the provisions of this subparagraph.
            ``(bb) Any individual who is eligible for cash benefits 
        under this title by reason of disability (or whose eligibility 
        for such benefits is suspended) or is eligible for benefits 
        pursuant to section 1619(b), and who was eligible for such 
        benefits by reason of disability, for which such individual's 
        alcoholism or drug addiction was a contributing factor material 
        to the Commissioner's determination that such individual was 
        disabled, for the month preceding the month in which this 
        subparagraph takes effect, shall be required to comply with the 
        provisions of this subparagraph.''.
                    (B) Section 1611(e)(3)(B)(i)(II) of such Act (42 
                U.S.C. 1382(e)(3)(B)(i)(II)), as so redesignated, is 
                amended by striking ``who is required under subclause 
                (I)'' and inserting ``described in division (bb) of 
                subclause (I) who is required''.
                    (C) Subclauses (I) and (II) of section 
                1611(e)(3)(B)(ii) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                1382(e)(3)(B)(ii)), as so redesignated, are each 
                amended by striking ``clause (i)'' and inserting 
                ``clause (i)(I)''.
                    (D) Section 1611(e)(3)(B) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                1382(e)(3)(B)), as so redesignated, is amended by 
                striking clause (v) and by redesignating clause (vi) as 
                clause (v).
                    (E) Section 1611(e)(3)(B)(v) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                1382(e)(3)(B)(v)), as redesignated by subparagraph (D), 
                is amended--
                            (i) in subclause (I), by striking ``who is 
                        eligible'' and all that follows through ``is 
                        disabled'' and inserting ``described in clause 
                        (i)(I)''; and
                            (ii) in subclause (V), by striking ``or 
                        (v)''.
                    (F) Section 1611(e)(3)(C)(i) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                1382(e)(3)(C)(i)), as redesignated by paragraph (1), is 
                amended by striking ``who are receiving benefits under 
                this title and who as a condition of such benefits'' 
                and inserting ``described in subparagraph (B)(i)(I)(aa) 
                who elect to undergo treatment; and the monitoring and 
                testing of all individuals described in subparagraph 
                (B)(i)(I)(bb) who''.
                    (G) Section 1611(e)(3)(C)(iii)(II)(aa) of such Act 
                (42 U.S.C. 1382(e)(3)(C)(iii)(II)(aa)), as so 
                redesignated, is amended by striking ``residing in the 
                State'' and all that follows through ``they are 
                disabled'' and inserting ``described in subparagraph 
                (B)(i)(I) residing in the State''.
                    (H) Section 1611(e)(3)(C)(iii) of such Act (42 
                U.S.C. 1382(e)(3)(C)(iii)), as so redesignated, is 
                amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(III) The monitoring requirements of subclause (II) shall not 
apply in the case of any individual described in subparagraph 
(B)(i)(I)(aa) who fails to comply with the requirements of subparagraph 
(B).''.
                    (I) Section 1611(e)(3) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                1382(e)(3)), as amended by paragraph (1), is amended by 
                adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
    ``(D) The Commissioner shall provide appropriate notification to 
each individual subject to the limitation on cash benefits contained in 
subparagraph (A) and the treatment provisions contained in subparagraph 
(B).
    ``(E) The requirements of subparagraph (B) shall cease to apply to 
any individual if the Commissioner determines that such individual no 
longer needs treatment.''.
            (3) Representative payee requirements.--
                    (A) Section 1631(a)(2)(A)(ii)(II) of such Act (42 
                U.S.C. 1383(a)(2)(A)(ii)(II)) is amended to read as 
                follows:
    ``(II) In the case of an individual eligible for benefits under 
this title by reason of disability, the payment of such benefits shall 
be made to a representative payee if the Commissioner of Social 
Security determines that such payment would serve the interest of the 
individual because the individual also has an alcoholism or drug 
addiction condition (as determined by the Commissioner) and the 
individual is incapable of managing such benefits.''.
                    (B) Section 1631(a)(2)(B)(vii) of such Act (42 
                U.S.C. 1383(a)(2)(B)(vii)) is amended by striking 
                ``eligible for benefits'' and all that follows through 
                ``is disabled'' and inserting ``described in 
                subparagraph (A)(ii)(II)''.
                    (C) Section 1631(a)(2)(B)(ix)(II) of such Act (42 
                U.S.C. 1383(a)(2)(B)(ix)(II)) is amended by striking 
                all that follows ``15 years, or'' and inserting 
                ``described in subparagraph (A)(ii)(II).''.
                    (D) Section 1631(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) of such Act (42 
                U.S.C. 1383(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)) is amended by striking 
                ``eligible for benefits'' and all that follows through 
                ``is disabled'' and inserting ``described in 
                subparagraph (A)(ii)(II)''.
            (4) Preservation of medicaid eligibility.--Section 1634(e) 
        of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1382(e)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``clause (i) or (v) of section 
                1611(e)(3)(A)'' and inserting ``subparagraph (A) or 
                subparagraph (B)(i)(II) of section 1611(e)(3)''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following: ``This 
                subsection shall cease to apply to any such person if 
                the Commissioner determines that such person no longer 
                needs treatment.''.
            (5) Conforming amendment.--Section 201(c) of the Social 
        Security Independence and Program Improvements Act of 1994 (42 
        U.S.C. 425 note) is repealed.
    (c) Effective Dates.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        amendments made by this section shall apply to applicants for 
        benefits under title II or title XVI of the Social Security Act 
        for months beginning on or after the date of the enactment of 
        this Act, without regard to whether regulations have been 
        issued to implement such amendments.
            (2) Application to current recipients.--Notwithstanding any 
        other provision of law, in the case of an individual who is 
        receiving benefits under title II of the Social Security Act or 
        supplemental security income benefits under title XVI of such 
        Act as of the date of the enactment of this Act and whose 
        entitlement or eligibility for such benefits would terminate by 
        reason of the amendments made by this section, such amendments 
        shall apply with respect to the benefits of such individual for 
        months beginning on or after January 1, 1997, and the 
        Commissioner of Social Security shall so notify the individual 
        not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this 
        Act.
            (3) Benefits under title xvi.--For purposes of this 
        subsection, the term ``benefits under title XVI of the Social 
        Security Act'' includes supplementary payments pursuant to an 
        agreement for Federal administration under section 1616(a) of 
        the Social Security Act, and payments pursuant to an agreement 
        entered into under section 212(b) of Public Law 93-66.
answer:
Denies monthly cash disability benefits under titles II (Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance) (OASDI) and XVI (Supplemental Security Income) (SSI), respectively, of the Social Security Act for drug addicts and alcoholics whose substance abuse is a contributing factor material to their disability.  Allows such individuals, instead, to elect to undergo treatment for their substance abuse. (Currently, such recipients are required to undergo treatment only at approved facilities or institutions.) 
Revises OASDI and SSI program representative payee requirements to require the payment of program benefits through a representative payee if it is in the interest of an otherwise disabled individual with an alcohol or drug addiction condition who is incapable of managing such benefits. 
Preserves the Medicaid eligibility of SSI recipients denied cash disability benefits because of the connection between their drug addiction or alcoholism and their disability.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Support for Democracy and Human 
Rights in Ethiopia Act of 2008''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) Despite progress and an estimated annual growth rate of 
        nearly 10 percent, Ethiopia remains one of the poorest and most 
        famine-prone countries in the world, with more than half of the 
        population of 78,000,000 living on less than $1 per day.
            (2) Since the collapse of the Derg and overthrow of the 
        Mengistu regime in 1991, the Ethiopian Peoples' Revolutionary 
        Democratic Front (EPRDF)-led government has overseen the 
        introduction of a multiparty system and the drafting of a new 
        constitution that guarantees economic, social, and cultural 
        rights and states that ``human and democratic rights of peoples 
        and citizens shall be protected.''
            (3) Ethiopia and Eritrea fought a bloody border war between 
        1998 and 2000, and, despite the Algiers Accord ending the 
        conflict and the agreement to abide by the final and biding 
        Ethiopia-Eritrea Border Commission (EEBC) arbitration, the 
        Government of Ethiopia has refused to comply with the final 
        physical demarcation of the border and the Government of 
        Eritrea has virtually expelled the United Nations peacekeeping 
        force, resulting in a high risk of renewed fighting and 
        regional instability.
            (4) Following high turnout and marked improvement in pre-
        election campaigning and voting in the third general elections 
        of the Government of Ethiopia held on May 15, 2005, widespread 
        charges of violations in the finally tallying and inadequate 
        response to opposition complaints resulted in observer findings 
        that the elections failed to satisfy international standards.
            (5) Subsequent opposition progress led to a crackdown by 
        EPRDF security forces in which 763 civilians were injured and 
        193 killed, and thousands more opposition party leaders and 
        their followers were detained, 112 of whom were not released 
        until the summer of 2007.
            (6) In its 2007 ``Countries at a Crossroads'' report, 
        Freedom House noted that ``[i]ncreased threats to and 
        violations of civil liberties were a consequence of the 
        political tensions that sprang from the flawed 2005 
        elections.''
            (7) In December 2006, military forces of the Government of 
        Ethiopia came to the aid of Somalia's Transitional Federal 
        Government against the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) and continue 
        to serve as the primary security force for the United Nations-
        backed transitional government in Mogadishu.
            (8) Credible nongovernmental organizations report 
        widespread violations of human rights and international law by 
        the Ethiopian military in Mogadishu and other areas of Somalia, 
        as well as in the Ogaden region of Ethiopia.
            (9) According to the Department of State's 2007 Country 
        Reports on Human Rights Practices, ``human rights abuses [in 
        Ethiopia] . . . include: limitation on citizens' right to 
        change their government during the most recent elections; 
        unlawful killings, and beating, abuse, and mistreatment of 
        detainees and opposition supporters by security forces; poor 
        prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention . . . use of 
        excessive force by security services in an internal conflict 
        and counter-insurgency operations; restrictions on freedom of 
        the press; etc.''
            (10) The Department of State's 2007 Country Reports on 
        Human Rights Practices also stated that ``[Ogaden National 
        Liberation Front] ONLF forces . . . were responsible for 
        widespread human rights abuses, including killings and the 
        diversion of food supplies resulting in the displacement of 
        thousands of persons.''
            (11) In June 2007, in response to this violence, including 
        the deadly April 2007 attacks on a Chinese oil exploration site 
        in the Ogaden and at a May 2007 political rally, the Prime 
        Minister of Ethiopia, Meles Zenawi, announced that the 
        Government of Ethiopia was launching a ``political and military 
        operation to contain the activities of the ONLF,'' which, 
        according to credible reports, has resulted in the displacement 
        of thousands of civilians to government-designated ``protection 
        zones,'' while thousands more have fled across Ethiopia's 
        borders.
            (12) Although the Government of Ethiopia has legitimate 
        security concerns in the Ogaden, and, according to the 
        Department of State's 2007 Country Report on Terrorism, 
        ``Ethiopian forces [also] countered Somali-based extremists who 
        attempted to conduct attacks inside Ethiopia,'' a number of 
        credible media accounts, human rights organizations, and 
        humanitarian agencies have documented the ENDF's unjustifiably 
        brutal tactics against its own citizens there, as has been 
        previously been reported in other regions of the country 
        including Oromiya, Amhara, and Gambella.
            (13) In May 2008, the Government of Ethiopia circulated a 
        draft law that claims to be a tool to enhance the transparency 
        and accountability of civil society organizations, but if 
        enacted, is instead likely to create a complex web of onerous 
        bureaucratic hurdles, draconian criminal penalties, and 
        intrusive powers of surveillance that would further decrease 
        the political space available for civil society activities.

SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    It is the policy of the United States--
            (1) to support the efforts by the people and Government of 
        Ethiopia--
                    (A) to achieve a participatory multiparty 
                democracy, an active and unhindered civil society, rule 
                of law and accountability, judicial capacity and 
                independence, freedom of the press, respect for human 
                rights, and economic development; and
                    (B) to combat extremism and terrorism in their 
                country and the region;
            (2) to promote stability, democracy, accountability, social 
        and economic development, human and political rights, 
        humanitarian assistance, the rule of law and accountability, 
        and counterterrorism efforts in Ethiopia and the wider Horn of 
        Africa;
            (3) to seek the unconditional release of all political 
        prisoners and prisoners of conscience in Ethiopia;
            (4) to prohibit United States funding to any unit of the 
        Ethiopian security forces if there is credible evidence that a 
        unit of the security forces has committed gross violations of 
        human rights, unless the Secretary of State has determined and 
        reports to the appropriate congressional committees that the 
        Ethiopian government is taking effective measures to bring the 
        responsible members of the security forces unit to justice; and
            (5) to contribute to regional peace and stability by urging 
        the Government of Ethiopia to comply with the EEBC arbitration 
        decisions on border demarcation, urging the Government of 
        Eritrea to permit a United Nations peacekeeping presence, and 
        pressing both Governments to ensure that they are playing a 
        productive role in helping to bring about stability along the 
        border and throughout the Horn of Africa, including in Somalia.

SEC. 4. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

    It is the sense of Congress that the United States Government 
should--
            (1) build on successful diplomatic efforts that contributed 
        to the October 2007 release of political prisoners in Addis;
            (2) urge the Government of Ethiopia to protect the 
        constitutional rights and freedoms of all Ethiopian citizens;
            (3) encourage the Government of Ethiopia to enter into 
        discussions with political groups interested in reconciliation 
        in order to bring such groups into full participation in the 
        political and economic affairs of Ethiopia;
            (4) call on the Government of Ethiopia to allow human 
        rights and humanitarian groups and the media to undertake their 
        work in all regions of Ethiopia without intimidation or 
        harassment while ensuring they are protected from any threats 
        regardless of their political affiliations;
            (5) encourage and assist the United Nations and other 
        independent organizations and the media in investigating 
        credible reports of grave violations of human rights or 
        international humanitarian law, publishing any evidence of 
        serious abuse, and sending strong and consistent messages to 
        the Government of Ethiopia that the continuation of such 
        violations or impunity for the perpetrators of crimes in the 
        Ogaden region, Ethiopia more generally, or in Somalia carry 
        consequences; and
            (6) encourage the Governments of both Ethiopia and Eritrea 
        to take steps to lessen tensions, physically demarcate the 
        border in accord with the EEBC decision, and promote 
        normalization of relations between the two countries.

SEC. 5. SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN ETHIOPIA.

    (a) Authority.--Subject to subsection (b) and notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, the President should take additional steps to 
support the implementation of democracy and governance institutions and 
organizations in Ethiopia consistent with the provisions of the 
Ethiopian Constitution of 1994 and related national law, including--
            (1) to support democracy development in Ethiopia, including 
        developing the capacity of government and civil society 
        organizations to undertake free, fair, and peaceful elections, 
        strengthen good governance practices, and encourage 
        transparency and accountability, in accordance with 
        international norms and standards;
            (2) to support the autonomy and fundamental freedoms of 
        national and international civil society organizations to 
        effectively pursue these objectives without excessive 
        government regulation or intimidation;
            (3) to promote and bolster the independence of the 
        judiciary in Ethiopia, including developing capacity at the 
        national, regional, and local levels;
            (4) to support programs to defend and protect the human 
        rights of all the people of Ethiopia, especially women and 
        minorities;
            (5) to expand programming of the Voice of America and other 
        independent media in Ethiopia and ensure they are able to 
        broadcast without interference;
            (6) to support efforts of the international community to 
        gain full access to the Ogaden and other conflict-affected 
        regions throughout the country to provide humanitarian and 
        development assistance; and
            (7) to support a United Nations Special Envoy to launch a 
        comprehensive dialogue process that seeks to bring about the 
        normalization of economic and political relations between 
        Ethiopia and Eritrea and works with the governments of both 
        countries to address issues of stability both along their 
        shared border as well as more broadly across the Horn of 
        Africa, including in Somalia.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2009 to carry out this 
section.
    (c) Conditions.--
            (1) In general.--Assistance provided pursuant subsection 
        (b) shall be allocated and dispersed in a fully transparent 
        manner.
            (2) Congressional notification.--Funds made available to 
        the Government of Ethiopia under subsection (b) and all other 
        nonessential funds made available to the Government of Ethiopia 
        under any other provision of law shall be subject to the 
        regular notification requirements with respect to the 
        appropriate congressional committees.
            (3) Discontinuation in event of government obstruction.--
        The President shall cease the provision of assistance provided 
        under subsection (b) if the Government of Ethiopia acts to 
        obstruct such assistance.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of State 
shall prepare and submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
report that describes the activities undertaken pursuant to subsection 
(a), including a description of amounts committed, and the amounts 
provided, to Ethiopia during the reporting period.

SEC. 6. OFFSETS.

    Of the amounts available to the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration for fiscal year 2009, $20,000,000 shall be available to 
carry out the provisions of this Act.

SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) The term ``appropriate congressional committees'' 
        means--
                    (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and
                    (B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Appropriations of the House of 
                Representatives.
            (2) The term ``non-essential United States assistance'' 
        means assistance authorized under any provision of law, other 
        than humanitarian assistance, food aid programs, assistance to 
        combat HIV/AIDS and other healthcare assistance, and 
        peacekeeping assistance.
answer:

Support for Democracy and Human Rights in Ethiopia Act of 2008 - States that the President should take additional steps to support the implementation of democracy and governance institutions and organizations in Ethiopia consistent with the Ethiopian Constitution of 1994 and related national law, including: (1) support of democracy development; (2) promotion of judicial independence; (3) support of human rights programs, especially regarding women and minorities; (4) expansion of the Voice of America (VOA) and other independent media; (5) support of international efforts to gain full access to the Ogaden and other conflict-affected regions; and (6) support of a United Nations Special Envoy to launch a dialogue to bring about the normalization of relations between Ethiopia and Eritrea and who works with both governments to address issues of stability both along their border as well as more broadly across the Horn of Africa, including in Somalia.

Authorizes appropriations.