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Sen . Chuck Grassley speaks with reporters on Capitol Hill in December 2017 . ( Reuters file photo : Aaron . P . Bernstein ) We need a full - blown investigation of how the FISA court came to grant warrants to spy on Carter Page . In a word   the Grassley - Graham memo is shocking . Yet   the press barely notices . Rest assured : If a Republican administration had used unverifiable hearsay from a patently suspect agent of the Republican presidential candidate to gull the FISA court into granting a warrant to spy on an associate of the Democratic nominee ’ s campaign   it would be covered as the greatest political scandal in a half - century . Instead   it was the other way around . The Grassley - Graham memo corroborates the claims in the Nunes memo : The Obama Justice Department and FBI used anonymously sourced   Clinton - campaign generated innuendo to convince the FISA court to issue surveillance warrants against Carter Page   and in doing so   they concealed the Clinton campaign ’ s role . Though the Trump campaign had cut ties with Page shortly before the first warrant was issued in October 2016   the warrant application was based on wild allegations of a corrupt conspiracy between the Trump campaign and the Kremlin . Moreover   the warrant meant the FBI could seize not only Page ’ s forward - going communications but any past emails and texts he may have stored — i . e .  his Trump campaign communications . x With its verification by the Grassley - Graham memo   the Nunes memo now has about a thousand times more corroboration than the Steele dossier   the basis of the heinous allegations used by the Justice Department and FBI to get the FISA warrants . What the Grassley - Graham memo tells us is that the Nunes memo   for all the hysteria about it   was tame . The Grassley - Graham memo tells us that we need not only a full - blown investigation of what possessed the Obama administration to submit such shoddy applications to the FISA court   but of how a judge — or perhaps as many as four judges — rationalized signing the warrants . Advertisement We need full disclosure — the warrants   the applications   the court proceedings . Senators Charles Grassley of Iowa and Lindsey Graham of South Carolina are senior Republicans on the Judiciary Committee ( which Grassley chairs   while Graham chairs a relevant subcommittee ). As we ’ ve previously detailed ( in a two - part series   here and here )  they composed their memo in support of a criminal referral recommending that dossier author Christopher Steele be investigated for making false statements to the FBI ( which is a felony ). Initially   the senators ’ memo was withheld   then it was released with extensive redactions because its contents were largely classified — covering submissions to the FISA court   the secret tribunal established by the 1978 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act . But following the release of the Nunes memo — the memo prepared by Republican majority staff of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence led by Representative Devin Nunes ( R .  Calif .) — Senators Grassley and Graham stepped up their admirable efforts to get more information unsealed . so that the public can see it   even if the press prefers not to cover it . Last Friday   the Nunes memo asserted that the FBI and Justice Department had significantly relied on the unverified Steele dossier to obtain FISA warrants on Page . In the week that followed   House Intelligence Committee Democrats and their media echo chamber bleated about how things had been taken out of context   with some suggesting that there was plenty of other evidence to establish probable cause that Page was acting as a Russian agent . ( See my column last Sunday responding to claims by Representative Jerrold Nadler   here .) It was even implied that Nunes & Co . had deceptively reported committee testimony by the FBI ’ s then deputy director Andrew McCabe that the Steele dossier was essential to this probable - cause showing . We ’ re not hearing much of that now . Here ’ s the Grassley - Graham memo on the critical first FISA application   the basis for the warrant granted on October 21   2016 : The bulk of the application consists of allegations against Page that were disclosed to the FBI by Mr . Steele and are also outlined in the Steele dossier . The application appears to contain no additional information corroborating the dossier allegations against Mr . Page   although it does cite to a news article that appears to be sourced to Mr . Steele ’ s dossier . We ’ ll come to the news article — the stupefying circular attempt to corroborate Steele with Steele . For the moment   suffice it to say that the senators have confirmed the Nunes memo ’ s account   except with much more information than House Republicans were able to include . Information such as this : When asked at the March 2017 briefing [ of Judiciary Committee leaders ] why the FBI relied on the dossier in the FISA applications absent meaningful corroboration — and in light of the highly political motives surrounding its creation — then - Director [ James ] Comey stated that the FBI included the dossier allegations about Carter Page in the FISA applications because Mr . Steele himself was considered reliable due to his past work with the Bureau . On this score   Grassley and Graham quote directly from the warrant applications : “ Based on [ Steele ’ s ] previous reporting history with the FBI whereby [ Steele ] provided reliable information to the FBI   the FBI believes [ Steele ’ s ] reporting to be credible .” ( Emphasis added .) I cannot stress enough how irregular this is . It is why there is abundant reason to demand that the judge explain his or her rationale for granting the warrant . As I outlined at greater length last week ( here   in section C )  in applying for a warrant   the government must establish the reliability of the informants who witnessed the alleged facts claimed to support a probable - cause finding .  Steele  was not one of those witnesses .  He  is not the source of the facts .  He  is the purveyor of the sources — anonymous Russians   much of whose alleged information is based on hearsay   sometimes multiple steps removed from direct knowledge .  Steele  has not been in Russia since  his  cover as a British spy was blown nearly 20 years ago .  He  has sources   who have sources   who have sources . None of  his  information is better than third - hand ; most of it is more attenuated than that . For purposes of justifying a warrant   it does not matter that   in a totally unrelated investigation ( involving corruption at FIFA   the international soccer organization )  the FBI judged that the hearsay information provided by Steele   then a British agent   checked out . In his anti - Trump research   Steele could not verify his sources . Furthermore   he was now a former foreign intelligence officer who was then working for private clients — which is the advocacy business   not the search - for - truth business . A judge would need to know whether Steele ’ s sources were reliable   not whether Steele himself was reliable . Let that sink in   then think about this contrast : No actual FBI agent   no matter how renowned   would be able to get a judicial warrant based solely on his own reliability as an investigator . Jim Comey   despite having a résumé geometrically more impressive than Steele ’ s   including Senate confirmations to some of federal law - enforcement ’ s loftiest positions   would not be given a warrant based on representations to the court that the FBI   the Justice Department   the president   and the Senate all attested to his impeccable reliability . The only reliability that counts is the reliability of the factual informants   not of the investigator who purports to channel the informants . The judge wants to know why the court should believe the specific factual claims : Was the informant truly in a position to witness what is alleged   and if so   does the informant have a track record of providing verified information ? The track record of the investigator who locates the sources is beside the point . A judge would need to know whether Steele ’ s sources were reliable   not whether Steele himself was reliable . Advertisement This is not esoterica . In the investigations biz   this is so basic that to call it “ Warrants 101 ” doesn ’ t do it justice . If you don ’ t have witnesses with verifiable   first - hand knowledge   you don ’ t have anything . Without them   to borrow Director Comey ’ s notorious dictum   no reasonable prosecutor would bring a warrant application to a federal judge   and no reasonable judge would issue a warrant . If there is no credible sourcing for the factual allegations in the warrant application   that is a probable - cause deficiency that could not have been cured by the reputation of the purveyor of the sources   no matter how sterling . That said   it is obvious that the less identifiable and reliable the informants are   the greater is the government ’ s obligation to be transparent in conveying the investigator ’ s potential biases . The Obama administration ’ s malfeasance on this point is breathtaking . Graham and Grassley recount : The FBI noted to a vaguely limited extent the political origins of the dossier . In footnote 8 [ of the first warrant application   apparently repeated in the subsequent applications ] the FBI stated that the dossier information was compiled pursuant to the direction of a law firm who had hired an “ identified U . S . person ” — now known as Glenn Simpson of Fusion GPS . The fact that Fusion GPS ’ s ultimate client was the Clinton campaign was never disclosed in any of the warrant applications   which ran well beyond June 2017   when the last 90 - day extension was granted . Patently   so much struggle and circumlocution went into crafting this “ vaguely limited ” footnote that we can only conclude the decision not to disclose the Clinton connection was the subject of much deliberation . The Clinton campaign ’ s sponsorship was not publicly disclosed until October 2017 . Before then   it is virtually certain that   to the extent the FISA court and Congress were told of the “ political origins ” of the dossier   these were benignly presented as bipartisan concerns about Donald Trump . That is   the  Steele  dossier phase of Fusion ’ s anti - Trump project was conflated with the earlier phase   when — as Simpson has testified — Fusion did documentary research on Trump during the Republican primaries for a conservative media outlet . It was not disclosed that   by the time  Steele  was hired to do the dossier   the project was backed exclusively by the Democratic party and the Clinton campaign . Manifestly   that was a material fact . If a prosecutor withheld an arguably exculpatory fact of this degree of significance   it could get a conviction reversed . As some have observed   a public company would likely face a stock fraud prosecution for concealing a fact so patently material from its required SEC reports . The Clinton - campaign tie should have been disclosed from the beginning . Now   consider what happened as the surveillance continued for the better part of a year . In late October 2016   shortly after the first warrant was issued   the FBI terminated its relationship with  Steele  because  he  lied to the Bureau about  his  contacts with the media . But the Justice Department did not report this to the FISA court . Instead   when the first warrant expired in January 2017   the FBI and Justice Department sought its renewal by   again   relying on the credibility of the guy they ’ d booted for lying . In another lawyerly footnote   they told the FISA court that  Steele  had been terminated not because  he  lied but because  he  was guilty of “ unauthorized disclosure of information to the press .” But that was not the half of it . Steele ’ s agreement with the FBI was that he would not communicate with the press . He made that agreement and then communicated with the press anyway — which showed he was unreliable   notwithstanding the FBI ’ s continued insistence to the contrary . He hadn ’ t just flouted the agreement by speaking to the press   though ; he had clearly lied about doing so . By mid - September 2016   at Fusion ’ s direction and even before the first FISA warrant was issued    Steele  had spoken with a plethora of Clinton - friendly press outlets . As a result   Yahoo News published a news story by Michael Isikoff on September 23   which reported precisely the information that  Steele  had given to the FBI about Page : that  he  ’ d supposedly met in Moscow with two top Russian operatives and discussed the lifting of sanctions against Russia . Advertisement How could the FBI and Justice Department not have known that  Steele  was the source for this story ? Isikoff explicitly stated that his account of Page ’ s activities was set forth in “ intelligence reports ” that were in the possession of “ U . S . officials .” Plainly   the FBI was privy to intelligence reports in the government ’ s possession — the purported “ intelligence ” reports  Steele  had provided as well as any others . Had there been another intel report from a different source who happened to provide the same exact information  Steele  had provided   not only would the FBI have known about it ; the Bureau would have touted it to the FISA court as critical corroboration of Steele ’ s anonymous sources . To the contrary   the FISA court was told : “ The FBI does not believe that [  Steele  ] directly provided this information to the press .” I ’ ve emphasized “ directly ” to highlight how curious this assertion is . Ostensibly   the Bureau seems to have been saying that  Steele  was not the source — meaning that there must have been another source   yet one the Bureau had not managed to identify even though this mystery source was described in intelligence reports accessible to the Bureau . On the other hand   what does “ directly ” mean ? By using that qualifier   was the Bureau conceding that  Steele  might have provided information to the press indirectly – i . e .  through an intermediary ? But that would make no sense : What would be the point of citing the Isikoff article as corroboration for  Steele  if  Steele  had been Isikoff ’ s source   even if indirectly ? It is not good   one way or the other . Either  Steele  lied to the FBI about speaking to the press   or the FBI consciously avoided learning that  Steele  had spoken to Isikoff and then speculated to the court that  Steele  was probably not Isikoff ’ s source . Either way   Steele ’ s credibility was a huge issue . That put in doubt the FBI ’ s vouching for his reliability   which in turn made disclosure of the Clinton campaign ’ s sponsorship of his dossier even more imperative . Or how about this :  Steele  gave a published interview to Mother Jones in late October 2016   after promising not to speak to the media . In trying to soft - peddle the palpable unreliability  Steele  had thus exhibited   the FBI rationalized that  he  was acting not out of dishonesty but in a fit of pique over Director Comey ’ s pre - election announcement that the FBI had reopened the Clinton emails investigation . This   of course   is the announcement that Clinton partisans blame for their candidate ’ s loss . So   according to the Bureau   Steele ’ s pro - Clinton partisanship induced him to such outrage over Comey ’ s announcement that he was moved to violate his agreement with the FBI . Wouldn ’ t you think it might then occur to the Bureau and the Justice Department that maybe   just maybe   they ought to let the court in on that teeny detail about the Clinton campaign ’ s being the sponsor of Steele ’ s dossier ? Instead they kept mum and they kept telling the court  Steele  was perfectly reliable . In fact   they kept telling the FISA court  he  was reliable even after  Steele  himself admitted to a British court that  his  dossier wasn ’ t at all reliable . Truth is a defense to libel . Suffice it to say   it was not Steele ’ s defense . Even though there was still no meaningful corroboration of Steele ’ s sources after months of investigation   even though  Steele  had lied to them   the FBI and Justice Department represented again and again   in April and June 2017   that the FISA court could confidently bank on Steele ’ s reliability . By early 2017   however    Steele  was being sued for libel in Britain   among other places   by people accused of misconduct in the dossier . Truth is a defense to libel . Suffice it to say   it was not Steele ’ s defense . In May 2017   as I have detailed ( here )   Steele  was required to respond to interrogatories .  He  emphasized that  his  dossier allegations were “ raw intelligence ” that was “ unverified ” and “ warranted investigation .”  He  further described  his  reports as “ limited intelligence ” that described mere “ indications ” of “ possible ” coordination between Trump ’ s campaign and the Russian government .  He  was not in a position to vouch for the accuracy of what  he  ’ d been told    he  explained ;  he  passed it along because it needed further investigation . Yet   far from reporting Steele ’ s retreat to the FISA court   Grassley and Graham report that the FBI and Justice Department continued vouching for the reliability of his allegations . Advertisement Beyond all that   we now learn through the senators ’ memo   and some follow - up reporting   that two longtime Clinton cronies   Cody Shearer and Sidney Blumenthal   fed their own anti - Trump dossier to  Steele    through a State Department official   Jonathan Winer . In the fall of 2016    Steele    while working on  his  Clinton - funded project   reported this Clinton - crony information to the FBI . Still   the FBI and Justice Department elected not to tell the FISA court that the Clinton campaign was paying for Steele ’ s unverified   unverifiable anti - Trump research . I spent many months assuring people that nothing like this could ever happen — that the FBI and Justice Department would not countenance the provision to the FISA court of uncorroborated allegations of heinous misconduct . When Trump enthusiasts accused them of rigging the process   I countered that they probably had not even used the  Steele  dossier . If the Justice Department had used it in writing a FISA warrant application   I insisted that the FBI would independently verify any important facts presented to the court   make any disclosures that ought in fairness be made so the judge could evaluate the credibility of the sources   and compellingly demonstrate probable cause before alleging that an American was a foreign agent .

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Steele Steele


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It started when White read a news report that  Dr. Donald Cline  a retired Indianapolis fertility specialist   faced charges for lying when  he  denied  he 'd inseminated unwitting patients with  his  own sperm decades earlier.  He  searched out  Cline 's address online  recognizing it as the location of  his  mother's former doctor. Then  he  Googled the doctor's name. When a photo popped up   he  was stunned:  He  looked like  Cline .
"It was just too similar to be coincidental "  he  says. White had long known  he  was a donor baby  but that day   he  had an eerie feeling  he  was staring at the man who was likely  his  biological father.
Around the same time  Julie Harmon saw a TV news story about  Cline . She'd discovered years earlier that her blood type indicated she was not the child of both her parents. She didn't follow up to find out why  but the report about  Cline   her mother's fertility doctor  was unnerving.
The TV story featured Jacoba Ballard  whose mother had also gone to  Cline  and whose complaint to the state helped launched an investigation. Harmon contacted Ballard through Facebook  and they traded photos. There were striking similarities.
These two women and White recently crowded into an Indianapolis courtroom to hear  Cline  receive a one-year suspended sentence for lying to investigators when  he  denied wrongdoing; DNA tests determined  he  is the biological father of Ballard and another woman whose mother was  his  patient.  Cline  apologized "for the pain my actions have caused" but didn't specify how often  he  used  his  own sperm in procedures â court documents say  he  told Ballard about 50 times.
 Cline 's sentencing  though  was not the end of this story. Instead  in an extraordinary epilogue  three one-time strangers â White  Harmon and Ballard â have forged a kinship as brother and sisters  even as they wrestle with the revelation about their identities. They've also reached out to 21 other men and women  all in their 30s  who've been identified through DNA tests as half-siblings â evidence  they say  that  Cline  is likely their father  as well. About a half-dozen of them live in central Indiana.
Many stay in touch through a private Facebook page  and several gathered last fall for a cookout with their spouses  children and three mothers who'd been  Cline  patients. Others have gone on social outings  shared childhood photos  taken note of similarities (most of the men are over 6 feet tall) and  at times  confided in one another private details of their lives.
Jacoba Ballard was angry when she sat in court in December  describing a three-year ordeal that determined  Cline  is her biological father.
Ballard  37  says  Cline  told  her  mother  he  used donor sperm from medical residents.  She 'd known since  she  was 10 that  she  was a donor child  but in 2014  Ballard grew curious about  her  family history and thought  she  might be able to track down some brothers and sisters.  She  took a DNA test from 23andMe.com  a biotech company that uses saliva samples to determine ancestry and identify distant and close relatives  health risks and physical traits.
Clients can choose whether to be identified in a "DNA relatives tool" that connects them to others. When Ballard's results came back  they listed seven half-siblings  all but one identified by name. Ballard and two others got together  assembled a family tree and realized one common thread: Their mothers had gone to  Cline  for fertility treatments.
Ballard and a half-sister arranged to meet with two of  Cline 's adult children. At first   she  says  they denied their father had been a donor  then said he'd done so in a small number of cases. About a month later  Ballard and a group of the half-siblings met with  Cline  himself  and  she  says he told conflicting stories  finally saying he'd donated sperm about 50 times to help unknowing patients who desperately wanted children.
When Ballard filed a complaint with the Indiana attorney general's office   Cline  responded in a letter that anyone accusing him of being a donor "was guilty of slander and/or libel." At his sentencing  he acknowledged using his sperm. "I was foolish in my actions  and I should not have lied " he said.
Ballard's DNA match to  Cline  was 99.9997  court records show.
The case wasn't the first of its kind. In Virginia  Dr. Cecil Jacobson was convicted in 1992 of fraud and perjury for using his sperm to impregnate patients without telling them.  Cline  was convicted of obstruction of justice for lying to investigators  but a measure pushed by Ballard and others was introduced in the Indiana Senate this year to make it a crime for doctors to treat patients for infertility by using their own sperm or egg without consent. The measure didn't receive a hearing  so it's dead for this session; its sponsor has not yet decided if he'll reintroduce it.
If there is any comfort   she  says  it's in the camaraderie that's developed among several half-siblings. They've gotten together for concerts  an occasional softball game for one of their kids and a few Christmas celebrations. White and Harmon attended the high school graduation ceremonies of Ballard's two children  and the two women speak every day. They laugh about their similar tastes; they even prefer the same order at McDonald's â no onions.
"I went from not having a care to wanting to know everything " says the 34-year-old White. He tracked down a medical school graduation photo of  Cline  and studied photos of Cline's son online  noticing similar facial traits â a round face and high forehead.

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Donald Cline


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Al Pacino's Joe Paterno  fights for  his  legacy and  his  job at Penn State in the first full trailer for Paterno  the HBO film about the football coach in the aftermath of the Jerry Sandusky child sex abuse scandal.
Directed by Barry Levinson â who previously cast Pacino to lead HBO biopics about Jack Kevorkian (You Don't Know Jack) and Phil Spector (Phil Spector) â Paterno also stars Riley Keough as a newspaper reporter digging into how much the legendary coach  who spent 45 years at the helm of Penn State  knew about the child molestation accusations against Sandusky  a longtime defensive coordinator on  Paterno 's staff.
The film also examines  Paterno 's unceremonious retirement and termination in 2011 and the riots that broke out near campus after  Paterno  was let go. "All these people should be screaming about the victims  not Joe " one student says of the riots in the trailer. The preview also finds Pacino's  Paterno  wrestling with his own relationship with Sandusky.
Less than two months after his firing  Paterno  the winningest coach in college football history  died of lung cancer in January 2012 at the age of 85.  Paterno  premieres April 7th on HBO.

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Joe Paterno