Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Thermal microdebridement for the treatment of chronic tendinopathy has recently been introduced. The effect of thermal microdebridement on the biomechanical properties of human tendons, however, remains unknown.', 'Thermal microdebridement does not affect the biomechanical properties of human patellar tendons in a cadaveric model at the time of initial treatment.', 'Controlled laboratory study.', 'The central 15 mm of 12 matched, human (mean age, 71 years; 8 male, 4 female), fresh-frozen patellar tendons was divided into 3 equal 5-mm specimens. The treatment group (n = 12) underwent thermal microdebridement with a radiofrequency probe. A sham treatment group (n = 12) underwent insertion of a deactivated probe. The control group (n = 12) underwent no treatment. After treatment, each specimen was tested to failure in a servo-hydraulic materials testing machine at an elongation rate of 3 mm/s. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine differences between groups.', 'No significant difference in ultimate stress at failure, elastic modulus, strain energy density, or strain at maximum load was found between the groups. The ultimate stress at failure for the treatment, sham, and control groups was 61.0, 66.7, and 63.0 MPa, respectively (P = .653), and the strain at maximum load was 0.12, 0.11, and 0.09, respectively (P = .279).

Answer: Does thermal microdebridement affect the time zero biomechanical properties of human patellar tendons?


Question: A defect in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells may cause dysfunction of the neural retina, so rapid recovery of differentiated RPE cells is required after RPE injury. We investigated the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on wound healing in RPE cells.', 'Confluent monolayers of bovine RPE cells were denuded, and the cells were allowed to recover in the presence or absence of HGF. The effect of HGF on RPE cell proliferation was evaluated by a 3-(4;5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetraz olium assay. In a migration assay, mitomycin C was used to inhibit proliferation, and the number of migrated cells was counted. The signaling pathways involved were examined using inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI3) kinase and protein kinase C pathways.', 'At 80 ng/mL, HGF stimulated the wound closure of RPE monolayers and rendered the restituted cells more epithelioid in shape. HGF at 10 ng/mL stimulated RPE cell migration the most, whereas 80 ng/mL of HGF inhibited migration, but stimulated proliferation the most. In particular, PI3 kinase and MAPK inhibitor inhibited PRE cell migration and proliferation, respectively.

Answer: Does hepatocyte growth factor stimulate proliferation and migration during wound healing of retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro?


Question: Recent data indicate that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) has several proatherogenic effects, e.g. induction of macrophage chemoattractants, adhesion molecules, cytokines, type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and platelet-derived growth factor A-chain by smooth muscle cells. Therefore, ox-LDL has been utilized as a marker of oxidative modification of proteins in atherosclerosis. Because heart valves consist of smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and because valvular disease and coronary atherosclerosis could result from similar biological processes, we investigated ox-LDL accumulation in isolated aortic and pulmonary valves and coronary arteries from patients with angiographically proven coronary heart disease (CHD, n = 19), patients with idiopathic congestive heart failure (IDCM = idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, n = 20), and transplant donors.', 'Masson-Goldner staining and immunohistochemistry utilizing anti ox-LDL and CD68 were performed on paraffin sections of freshly isolated semilunar valves. Data were analyzed by digital image planimetry and by visual scoring of staining intensity.', 'Ox-LDL immunoreactivity was identified in the vascular aspect of the attachment line, in the deep valve stroma, and in the ventricular and vascular endothelium of the semilunar valves, colocalizing with macrophages. Valvular ox-LDL area was significantly increased in CHD-patients (P < 0.03) and IDCM-patients (P < 0.04) compared with controls. More ox-LDL was accumulating in the pulmonary valves than in the aortic valves (P = 0.04) as assessed by area and staining intensity. Valvular ox-LDL area in pulmonary valve and aortic valve was significantly correlated with ox-LDL accumulation in the intimal layer (P < 0.001) and medial layer (P < 0.001) of coronary arteries from the same patients.

Answer:
Does accumulation of oxidized LDL in human semilunar valves correlate with coronary atherosclerosis?