TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
PROBLEM: The C57BL/6J-Min/+ (Min/+) mouse bears a germline mutation in Apc and is therefore a model for familial adenomatous polyposis and sporadic colorectal cancer. Min/+ intestinal mucosa exhibits a marked tendency for spontaneous adenoma formation. Curcumin is a phenolic antioxidant known for its antitumor and immune modulatory functions in vitro. Curcumin prevents adenoma formation in Min/+ mice, through a mechanism that may be related to its immunomodulatory properties.', 'To study the relationship between intestinal immunity and curcumin-induced antitumor response, we used immunohistochemistry to characterize the effect of curcumin treatment on resident intestinal immune effector cells in Min/+ mice.

SOLUTION: Is inhibition of intestinal tumors by curcumin associated with changes in the intestinal immune cell profile?

PROBLEM: There is insufficient knowledge of infectious risk in patients after splenectomy; minimal data exists specifically for trauma patients. This study evaluated patient knowledge and practices regarding infection risk after traumatic splenectomy. Our hypothesis was that patients with poor knowledge regarding their asplenic state would be less likely to pursue medical care in the event of an illness than those with good knowledge.', 'Non-randomized, cohort study of all posttraumatic splenectomy patients < or =11 years after injury in 2 rural trauma centers. Patients received a validated questionnaire; weighted responses determined knowledge about infection risks and appropriate follow-up actions.', 'Fifty-four percent of patients responded to the questionnaire. Overall, 47% of responders were identified as having adequate knowledge regarding infectious risk, and only 28% would pursue appropriate medical care. Of patients with adequate knowledge, 42% were more likely to pursue appropriate care versus 15% of patients with inadequate knowledge (p = 0.06). Patients with adequate knowledge were more likely to receive an annual influenza vaccine (p = 0.03) and contact their provider with fewer symptoms (p = 0.03). Logistic regression revealed significant interactions between knowledge and presence of comorbidities (p = 0.04). Focusing on patients with poor knowledge and absence of comorbidities, none would engage in appropriate action in the event of illness (p < 0.01). A longer time since injury, >3 years, was associated with a diminished likelihood of appropriate action (p = 0.03). The relationship between knowledge and action was not accounted for by other potential confounders.

SOLUTION: Do time lapse and comorbidities influence patient knowledge and pursuit of medical care after traumatic splenectomy?

PROBLEM: To prove that DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) are contributing factors for the inhibition of cell proliferation induced by doxorubicin (DOX) administration combined with microbubble-assisted low-level therapeutic ultrasound (US) in K562 cells.', '3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was adopted to examine cytotoxicity of different treatments. Changes on apoptosis and necrosis rates, DNA fragmentation, intracellular reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular membrane permeability and DOX-uptake were analysed by flow cytometry. Nuclear morphology changes were observed under a fluorescence microscope. Ultrasonic cavitation was measured by spectrofluorimetry.', 'Under optimal conditions, MB-US significantly aggravated DOX-induced K562 cell death, especially necrosis, when compared with either monotherapy. Synergistic potentiation on DNA damage, ROS generation and MMP loss were observed. Ultrasonic cavitation effects, plasma membrane permeabilization and DOX-uptake were notably improved after MB-US exposure.

SOLUTION:
Does activation of microbubbles by low-level therapeutic ultrasound enhance the antitumor effects of doxorubicin?