Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: The aim of this clinical study were to compare the clinical efficacy of ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) when used in combination with autogenous cortical bone graft (ACB) in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.', 'The study was planned as a split-mouth design. Fifteen patients with chronic periodontitis at 30 sites (six men, nine women; 42 ± 7 years) were included. Treatment sites had probing pocket depths (PPD) of ≥ 6 mm and osseous defect depths of ≥ 4 mm as radiographically assessed. Following the initial periodontal therapy, patients were randomly assigned to two treatments in contralateral areas of the dentition: ACB + ABS or ACB alone. At baseline and 6 mo after surgery, clinical parameters of plaque index, gingival index, PPD, clinical attachment level and gingival recession (GR) were recorded. The primary outcome variable was the change in clinical attachment level between baseline and 24 wk after surgery. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected immediately before surgery and at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 wk after the surgery. Gingival crevicular fluid volume was calculated and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in gingival crevicular fluid were measured.', 'PPD decreased, clinical attachment level improved and gingival index decreased significantly in response to both modes of treatment (p < 0.05). Both treatment modalities resulted in a significant gain in radiographic bone levels compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Intergroup comparisons showed that there was a significantly higher gain in clinical attachment level in the ABS/ACB group compared to ACB group (p < 0.05) with significantly less GR (p < 0.05). Similarly, vascular endothelial growth factor concentration in gingival crevicular fluid was significantly higher in the ABS/ACB group at postoperative weeks 2 and 4 compared to the ACB group (p < 0.01).
Answer: The findings suggest that ABS enhances the soft tissue healing during the periodontal defect fill by the ACB by stimulating angiogenesis and vascular endothelial cell function, prevents GR and thereby increases the clinical attachment gain.

Output: Does ankaferd blood stopper enhance healing after osseous grafting in patients with intrabony periodontal defects?


Input: Consider Input: Context: The Tonnis radiographic classification of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has been used as a prognostic indicator for patients with walking-age DDH. The International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) classification, a new radiographic classification system, has been proposed to be more reliable by its creators. We sought to validate its reliability using independent observers, to compare it to the Tonnis method, and to assess its prognostic significance in a large cohort of patients.', 'A consecutive series of walking-age DDH patients were examined radiographically and classified by the Tonnis and IHDI schemes by 3 independent observers. Interobserver agreement was determined using the Kappa method. Clinical data were collected on patients with regard to success of closed reduction, need for later pelvic osteotomy, and presence of subsequent radiographic avascular necrosis (AVN). The prognostic value of the Tonnis and IHDI classifications to predict these clinical outcomes was determined.', 'A total of 287 hips were available for analysis of the classification schemes. In total, 235 hips underwent attempted closed reduction and were eligible for analysis of successful closed reduction, and 131 hips had >4-year follow-up and were utilized for analysis of late pelvic osteotomy and AVN. Both classifications showed excellent interobserver reliability and in general, there was nonstatistically significant better reliability for the IHDI versus the Tonnis classification. In multivariate analysis, both IHDI and Tonnis classifications were found to be predictive of successful closed reduction and need for late pelvic osteotomy. Both methods showed trends toward being predictive of AVN rate, without statistical significance.
Answer: The IHDI classification is subjectively more facile to use and has excellent interrelater agreement for classifying the radiographic severity of DDH. It is also reliable in predicting success of closed reduction and need for late pelvic osteotomy.

Output: Is a New Radiographic Classification System for Developmental Hip Dysplasia Reliable and Predictive of Successful Closed Reduction and Late Pelvic Osteotomy?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Uremic toxins have been shown to promote glomerular hypertrophy. The present study was performed to elucidate the relation between uremic toxins and tubulointerstitial changes.', 'Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 2/3 nephrectomy (Nx; n = 30) and 4/5 Nx (n = 30). Experiments were initiated 2 weeks after surgery, and were performed over an 8-week period. Half of each group (Nx-A) was administered 1 g/day of an oral carbonaceous adsorbent, AST-120, with pair-feeding, and the other half (Nx-C) served as controls. All rats were sacrificed at week 8 after a clearance study.', 'The shortest diameter of proximal tubules (PTD) and interstitial fibrosis area (IFA) at week 8 in 2/3 Nx-A rats was significantly decreased compared to that in 2/3 Nx-C rats (similar body weights, systolic blood pressures, glomerular filtration rates, and urinary protein excretion levels). The values of PTD and IFA, glomerular filtration rate and urinary protein excretion level at week 8 in 4/5 Nx-A rats were significantly decreased compared to those in 4/5 Nx-C rats (similar body weights and systolic blood pressures).
Answer: Administration of AST-120 minimized the appearance of proximal tubular hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, and subsequently prevented the occurrence of proteinuria and decreased renal function. The present study indicates that uremic toxins adsorbed by AST-120 promote tubular hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis in nephrectomized rats.


Output: Do uremic toxins adsorbed by AST-120 promote tubular hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis in nephrectomized rats?