Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[Q]: Immunosuppressant agents modulate the activity of the immune system and control adipose tissue inflammatory responses associated with obesity. Controlling adipose tissue inflammation represents an interesting option for inhibiting the low-grade inflammatory state in obese subjects and for preventing obesity-associated pathologies. In this work, we assessed the effects of thalidomide on the inflammatory response in adipose tissue as well as on systemic inflammatory marker expression in the well-established high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model.', 'Swiss male mice were fed a high-fat diet (60% kcal from fat) for 12 weeks and received thalidomide for the last 10 days (100 mg.kg-1). Adipokine levels were measured in serum and adipose tissue by EIA and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Adipose tissue infiltrating macrophages were identified by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis of F4/80 marker expression. Other inflammatory markers, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production, were also evaluated by western blot analysis. In vitro assays using 3T3-L1 adipocytes were also conducted to evaluated adipokine release.', 'In obese mice, thalidomide administration induced a reduction in adiposity accompanied by a reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin and MCP-1 adipose tissue production, macrophage infiltration and JNK activation. TNF-α and leptin serum levels were also reduced by thalidomide treatment in obese mice. In vitro, the release of basal TNF-α and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MCP-1 was inhibited in 3T3-L1 cells.
[A]: 0


[Q]: Studies have reported effects of prenatal marijuana exposure (PME) on cognitive and behavioral outcomes. An earlier publication from this study found that PME predicted early onset of marijuana use and frequency of marijuana use at age 14. No study has reported the effects of PME on marijuana use in young adulthood. This is a developmental period when substance use peaks, and by which, initiation of substance use has largely occurred.', 'Subjects were from a longitudinal cohort. Women were interviewed initially in their fourth prenatal month and women and their offspring were followed through 22 years. Significant covariates of offspring marijuana use at 22 years were identified and controlled for using ordinal logistic regression.', 'PME predicted marijuana use in the offspring at 22 years after controlling for significant covariates. Prenatal alcohol exposure, offspring race, gender, and age were also significant predictors, but family history of substance abuse or disorder, and sociodemographic and psychological characteristics of the mother and offspring were not. This association was not moderated by gender or race.
[A]: 0


[Q]: To probe into an new methods preserving parathyroid gland of patients with thyroid carcinoma.', 'Thirty-six patients with thyroid carcinoma that primary treated were random divided into two groups: trial group and control group. Emulsion of activated-carbon particles was injected into the thyroid gland of trial group patients. After thirty minutes, central compartment dissection was performed in the all patients. The black stained tissue in the dissection specimen of trial group was separated. Total lymph node, metastasis lymph node and parathyroid gland in the black stained tissue, and non-black stained tissue in the central compartment dissection specimen of trial group and central compartment dissection specimen of control group were counted respectively.', 'Nineteen and twenty central compartment dissection was performed in trial group and control group respectively. There are 177 lymph nodes included 83 metastasis lymph nodes in the black-stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group. No parathyroid gland was found in the black-stained tissue. Nine lymph nodes included 2 metastasis lymph nodes and 7 parathyroid glands were found in the non-black stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group. There were 124 lymph nodes included 80 metastasis lymph nodes and 8 parathyroid glands in central compartment dissection specimen of control group. There are statistic difference between the amount of lymph node in black stain tissue and that of control group (t = 0.340, P = 0.003). Rate of staining lymph node were 95.2 percent.
[A]:
1