instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
International registries for acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD) demonstrate stagnant operative mortality rates in excess of 20% and stroke rates of 9% to 25%, with little global emphasis on stroke reduction or carotid involvement. Cerebral malperfusion with TAAD has been linked to poorer outcome. We hypothesize that concomitant carotid dissection or complex dissection flaps in the arch play a major role in stroke development and that aggressive reconstruction of the arch and carotid arteries can improve neurologic outcomes in TAAD.', 'A standardized protocol focused on expedient care, neurocerebral protection, and common carotid and total arch reconstruction was developed for 264\xa0consecutive TAADs. Arch and complete carotid replacement was based on arch dissection anatomy, carotid involvement, or an intraarch tear. Neurocerebral monitoring with continuous electroencephalogram/somatosensory evoked potentials was used in all cases.', 'The postoperative stroke and hospital mortality rates were 3.4% and 9.1%, and stroke rates by extent of arch replacement were 4%, 3%, and 0% for hemiarch, total arch, and total arch with complete carotid replacement, respectively. An intraoperative change in the electroencephalogram/somatosensory evoked potentials was strongly predictive of stroke and had a negative predictive value of 98.2%.
answer:
0


question:
Anemia of chronic disease, a cytokine-mediated anemia, is a frequent complication of many chronic inflammatory conditions. The present case-control study was aimed to evaluate levels of systemic hematological markers indicative of anemia in patients with generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis.', 'A convenience quota sample of 30 systemically-healthy, urban, male patients comprised two groups, based on full mouth periodontal examination: group A patients (n=15) were diagnosed with generalized, severe, chronic periodontitis, and group B patients comprised the control group (n=15), which included patients with a clinically-healthy periodontium. Laboratory blood investigations included hemoglobin (g%), total number of erythrocytes (red blood cells), hematocrit/packed cell volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. An analysis of covariance using age as a covariate was done to compare the mean values of hematological parameters within groups.', 'The mean values of hemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly lower, while the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly higher in group A patients compared to those in group B, indicating mild anemia.
answer:
1


question:
Irinotecan is used in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. The UGT1A1-metabolizing enzyme, expressed in liver and colon, is primarily involved in the inactivation of its active metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38). Herein, we explored the role of DNA methylation in the silencing of UGT1A1 gene expression in colon cancer and its influence on cellular SN-38 detoxification.', 'UGT1A1 mRNA was repressed in most primary tumors (41 of 50; 82%) and in three colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HCT-15, and COLO-320DM). Bisulfite sequencing of the UGT1A1 gene revealed the aberrant methylation of specific CpG islands in UGT1A1-negative cells. Conversely, hypomethylation was observed in HT-29, HT-115, and LOVO cells that overexpress UGT1A1. Direct methylation of the UGT1A1 promoter resulted in the complete repression of transcriptional activity. Treatment with demethylating and histone deacetylase inhibitor agents had the capacity to reverse aberrant hypermethylation and to restore UGT1A1 expression in hypermethylated UGT1A1-negative cells but not in hypomethylated cells. Loss of UGT1A1 methylation was further associated with an increase in UGT1A1 protein content and with an enhanced inactivation of SN-38 by 300% in HCT-116 cells.
answer:

1