TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraphs, some supporting facts and an answer of a question. Your task is to generate question for given answer based on set of context paragraphs, supporting facts and an answer.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : Wincenty Gostkowski (March 29, 1807 – August 29, 1884) was a lawyer and associate of Antoni Patek and Adrien Philippe in the watchmaker Patek Philippe & Co. in Geneva, Switzerland. Context_2 : Antoni Norbert Patek (French: "Antoine Norbert de Patek" ; 14 June 1812 – 1 March 1877), was a Polish pioneer in watchmaking and a creator of Patek Philippe & Co., one of the most famous watchmaker companies. Context_3 : The Patek Philippe Henry Graves Supercomplication is one of the most complicated mechanical pocket watches ever created. The 18-karat gold watch was assembled by Patek Philippe and named after banker Henry Graves Jr who commissioned it out of his desire to outdo the Grande Complication pocketwatch of American automaker James Ward Packard. The two were both at the top of the watch collecting world, regularly commissioning innovative new timepieces. Context_4 : The Patek Philippe Calibre 89 is a commemorative pocket watch created in 1989, to celebrate the company's 150th anniversary. Declared by Patek Philippe as ""the most complicated watch in the world"", it has 33 complications, weighs 1.1 kg, exhibits 24 hands and has 1,728 components in total, including a thermometer, and a star chart. Made from 18 carat (75%) gold or Context_5 : The Gyromax is the trade name for an adjustable mass (or adjustable inertia) balance wheel used in Patek Philippe wristwatches. Instead of weight adjustment screws on the outside of the rim, as in traditional balances, the Gyromax has turnable weights recessed into the top of the rim. The advantages claimed for this design are that, without projecting weight screws, the diameter of the balance can be increased, giving it a larger moment of inertia, and that it has less air resistance. Context_6 : Audemars Piguet (AP) (] ) is a Swiss manufacturer of mechanical watches founded in 1875, and is one of the world's oldest watch manufacturers. The company is still owned by its founding families. The brand is considered to be one the best manufacturers of luxury watches and said to be a part of the 'Holy Trinity Of Watches' along with Patek Philippe and Vacheron Constantin. Context_7 : Patek Philippe & Co. is a Swiss watch manufacturer founded in 1851, located in Geneva and the Vallée de Joux. It designs and manufactures timepieces and movements, including some of the most complicated mechanical watches. It is considered by many experts and aficionados to be one of the most prestigious watch manufacturers. Context_8 : The Patek Philippe Calatrava is a line of dress watches built by Swiss watchmaker Patek Philippe, introduced in 1932. These watches are considered the flagship model of Patek Philippe. The first version of the Calatrava was launched in 1932, inspired by the Bauhaus principle. Context_9 : Jean Adrien Philippe (16 April 1815, La Bazoche-Gouet, Eure-et-Loir – 5 January 1894) was French horologist and cofounder of watchmaker Patek Philippe & Co. of Geneva, Switzerland. Context_10 : The Vacheron Constantin Reference 57260 is a single highly complicated mechanical pocket watch, featuring 57 complications. The watch was assembled by Vacheron Constantin and introduced in 2015. The company claims that it is the most complicated mechanical pocket watch ever created.—followed up by Patek Philippe Calibre 89 assembled in 1989 and featuring 33 complications. The Reference 57260 took eight years to assemble. The watch has 2826 parts and 31 hands, weighs 957 grams, and spans 98mm. fact_1 : Antoni Norbert Patek (French: "Antoine Norbert de Patek" ; 14 June 1812 – 1 March 1877), was a Polish pioneer in watchmaking and a creator of Patek Philippe & Co., one of the most famous watchmaker companies. fact_2 : Patek Philippe & Co. is a Swiss watch manufacturer founded in 1851, located in Geneva and the Vallée de Joux. Answer: 1851

SOLUTION: Antoni Patek created Patek Philippe  Co. in what year?

PROBLEM: Context_1 : The Bureau des Longitudes (] ) is a French scientific institution, founded by decree of 25 June 1795 and charged with the improvement of nautical navigation, standardisation of time-keeping, geodesy and astronomical observation. During the 19th century, it was responsible for synchronizing clocks across the world. It was headed during this time by François Arago and Henri Poincaré. The Bureau now functions as an academy and still meets monthly to discuss topics related to astronomy. Context_2 : Massachusetts was the first colony in New England with slave ownership and was a center for the slave trade throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. No legislation was passed that abolished slavery until the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 was ratified by the state. Instead, the practice of slavery was ended through case law; and as an institution it died out in the late 18th century through judicial actions litigated on behalf of slaves seeking manumission. These court cases, starting in 1781, heard arguments contending that slavery was a violation of Christian principles and also a violation of the constitution of the commonwealth. 1783 saw additional high-profile court cases that began a general trend of slaves winning their emancipation on a case-by-case basis through lawsuit. As slavery dwindled in the last decade of the 18th century in Massachusetts, many of the instances where it remained, the slaveholders sometimes applied semantics of a name change to indentured servitude to maintain their property. The 1790 federal census, however, listed no slaves. Massachusetts was a center for the abolition movement in the 19th century. Context_3 : The Andover Public Library is located on Church Street in Andover, Maine, United States. Although a private library funded by subscription was founded in the town in 1795, it was not until the establishment of the Andover Public Library Association in 1891 that movement to a publicly-funded library began. It was originally quartered in a room of the Andover Town Hall, until 1943, when its present building was purchased from a Universalist church organization. The building is one of only two octagonal religious buildings known to have been built anywhere in Maine, and was probably the last building in the state built with inspiration from Orson Squire Fowler's promotion of octagonal buildings in the 19th century. On January 27, 1981, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Context_4 : Spidertown was a small, agricultural supply and services based community in southwestern Ontario, Canada that existed in the last half of the 19th and the early 20th century. The site of the former hamlet is located at the present intersection of Mount Carmel Drive, Blackbush Line and Salem Road, on the boundary between the current municipality of North Middlesex and the municipality of South Huron. Little is currently known of Spidertown's founding, nor the origin of its name. The hamlet is described in one source as consisting, at one point in time, of "taverns on both corners" and "four homes". It is known, that in the latter 19th century a general store was operated in the community by Alexander Todd, presumably the same individual who operated two other general stores during the period at Maguire and Moray as well. A medical doctor, T. L. Flaherty, maintained a practice in a corner house in the hamlet in the latter 19th century, but is known to have moved his office to Mount Carmel, 2 km to the east, before 1898. It is believed that Spidertown began to go into decline because of its inability to compete economically with the nearby hamlet of Mount Carmel. Spidertown is recorded as having disappeared by 1914. Context_5 : The Luxembourg Commission was a labor commission in the 19th century. It was introduced by the Provisional Government of France which formed on 25 February 1848, following the abdication of Louis-Philippe. The establishment of the Luxembourg Commission, an assembly of workers' delegates headed by Louis Blanc, was charged with the task of surveying social problems and suggesting solutions; an elegant gesture from the Provisional government. It was discontinued later the same year. Context_6 : The historical records for the Shroud of Turin can be separated into two time periods: before 1390 and from 1390 to the present. The period until 1390 is subject to debate and controversy among historians. Prior to the 14th century there are some allegedly congruent but controversial references such as the Pray Codex. It is often mentioned that the first certain historical record dates from 1353 or 1357. However the presence of the Turin Shroud in Lirey, France, is only undoubtedly attested in 1390 when Bishop Pierre d'Arcis wrote a memorandum where he charged that the Shroud was a forgery. The history from the 15th century to the present is well documented. In 1453 Margaret de Charny deeded the Shroud to the House of Savoy. As of the 17th century the shroud has been displayed (e.g. in the chapel built for that purpose by Guarino Guarini) and in the 19th century it was first photographed during a public exhibition. Context_7 : The Divan-ı Hümâyûn, in English the Imperial Council, was the "de facto" cabinet of the Ottoman Empire for most of its history. Initially an informal gathering of the senior ministers presided over by the Sultan in person, in the mid-15th century the Council's composition and function became firmly regulated. The Grand Vizier, who became the Sultan's deputy as the head of government, assumed the role of chairing the Council, which comprised also the other viziers, charged with military and political affairs, the two "kadi'askers" or military judges, the "defterdars" in charge of finances, the "nişancı" in charge of the palace scribal service, and later the Kapudan Pasha, the head of the Ottoman Navy, and occasionally the "beylerbey" of Rumelia and the Agha of the Janissaries. The Council met in a dedicated building in the Second Courtyard of the Topkapi Palace, initially daily, then for four days a week by the 16th century. Its remit encompassed all matters of governance of the Empire, although the exact proceedings are no longer known. It was assisted by an extensive secretarial bureaucracy under the "reis ül-küttab" for the drafting of appropriate documents and the keeping of records. The Imperial Council remained the main executive organ of the Ottoman state until the mid-17th century, after which it lost most of its power to the office of the Grand Vizier. With the Tanzimat reforms of the early 19th century, it was eventually succeeded by a Western-style cabinet government. Context_8 : The Oxford Main Street Historic District is a national historic district encompassing the historic center of Oxford, Massachusetts. The 95 acre district extends along Main Street from Huguenot Street in the south to Front Street in the north. Its oldest buildings are residential houses built in the late 19th century, while most of the properties were built in the 19th century, with Greek Revival architecture predominating. The oldest commercial building, the John Wetherell Store, was built c. 1817, and now houses offices. The district includes four churches, including the 1793 Universalist church and 1829 First Congregational Church, and a number of municipal buildings, including the town hall, two schools, and the 1903 Classical Revival Charles Larned Memorial Library. Context_9 : Jules Henri Poincaré (] ; 29 April 1854 – 17 July 1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science. He is often described as a polymath, and in mathematics as "The Last Universalist" by Eric Temple Bell, since he excelled in all fields of the discipline as it existed during his lifetime. Context_10 : The history of Tufts University, originally Tufts College, can be traced back to 1847 when the Universalist Church set up convention for the creation of a university for the parish. In 1852, the college was established when Boston businessman Charles Tufts donated 20 acres of land to the church to establish the college. It is the second oldest college that was founded in the Boston area. . During the 19th century the college grew. The official college seal, bearing the motto Pax et Lux (Peace and Light) was adopted in 1857. The school colors of brown and blue were selected in 1876. Tufts' mascot became Jumbo when P.T. Barnum gave a natural history museum to the university. fact_1 : The Bureau des Longitudes (] ) is a French scientific institution, founded by decree of 25 June 1795 and charged with the improvement of nautical navigation, standardisation of time-keeping, geodesy and astronomical observation. fact_2 :  During the 19th century, it was responsible for synchronizing clocks across the world. fact_3 :  He is often described as a polymath, and in mathematics as "The Last Universalist" by Eric Temple Bell, since he excelled in all fields of the discipline as it existed during his lifetime. Answer: the improvement of nautical navigation

SOLUTION: What was the institution headed by The Last Universalist during the 19th century charged with?

PROBLEM: Context_1 : The Aurora Encounter is a 1986 American Weird Western science fiction film directed by the Jim McCullough Sr., written by Melody Brooke and Jim McCullough, Jr., and starring Jack Elam, Mickey Hays, Peter Brown, Carol Bagdasarian and Dottie West. It was based on the Aurora, Texas, UFO incident. Context_2 : Muro-Ami ("Reef Hunters") is a 1999 Filipino film that depicts one of the worst forms of child labor in the illegal fishing system. The film follows the story of Fredo, a ruthless captain of 150 "Muro Ami" divers, who employ illegal fishing practices, such as pounding and crushing corals to scare fish, driving them towards the nets. With a high quota to meet, Fredo forces the divers, who consist mostly of children, to accomplish at least eight dives a day to meet their goal before the millennium. Tired and harassed after the burdensome task being given to them, the children have to make do in subhuman conditions in the Muro Ami boat, "The Aurora". They sleep in rat-infested bunks and are fed only twice a day. Life above the water in the boat is much worse than the suffering the children encounter beneath the sea. For every dive, a child's life is perilously in danger. Context_3 : The Aurora, Texas, UFO incident reportedly occurred on April 17, 1897 when, according to locals, a UFO crashed on a farm near Aurora, Texas. The incident (similar to the more famous Roswell UFO incident 50 years later) is claimed to have resulted in a fatality from the crash and the alleged alien body is to have been buried in an unmarked grave at the local cemetery. Context_4 : The Norwegian rocket incident, also known as the Black Brant scare, occurred on January 25, 1995, when a team of Norwegian and American scientists launched a Black Brant XII four-stage sounding rocket from the Andøya Rocket Range off the northwestern coast of Norway. The rocket, which carried scientific equipment to study the aurora borealis over Svalbard, flew on a high northbound trajectory, which included an air corridor that stretches from Minuteman III nuclear missile silos in North Dakota, all the way to the Russian capital city of Moscow. Context_5 : The Chiles-Whitted UFO encounter occurred on July 24, 1948 in the skies near Montgomery, Alabama. Two commercial pilots, Clarence S. Chiles and John B. Whitted, claimed that at approximately 2:45 AM on July 24 they observed a "glowing object" pass by their plane before it appeared to pull up into a cloud and travel out of sight. According to Air Force officer and Project Blue Book supervisor Edward J. Ruppelt, the Chiles-Whitted sighting was one of three "classic" UFO incidents in 1948 that convinced the personnel of Project Sign, Blue Book's predecessor, "that UFOs were real." However, later studies by Air Force and civilian researchers indicated that Chiles and Whitted had seen a meteor, possibly a bolide, and in 1959 Project Blue Book formally stated that a meteor was the cause of the incident. Context_6 : The Lonnie Zamora incident was an alleged UFO close encounter which occurred on Friday, April 24, 1964, at about 5:50 p.m., on the outskirts of Socorro, New Mexico. Several primary witnesses emerged to report their version of the event, which included the craft's approach, conspicuous flame, and alleged physical evidence left behind immediately afterward. Lonnie Zamora, a Socorro police officer who was on duty at the time, claimed to have come closest to the object and provided the most prolonged and comprehensive account. Some physical trace evidence left behind—burned vegetation and soil, ground landing impressions, and metal scrapings on a broken rock in one of the impressions—was subsequently observed and analyzed by investigators for the military, law enforcement, and civilian UFO groups. Context_7 : On April 29, 2013 at 10:38am CEST (8:38 UTC), an explosion occurred in a building in the centre of Prague, Czech Republic. The incident occurred in a townhouse belonging to the Air Navigation Services of the Czech Republic on Divadelní street in Old Town, Prague 1, close to the Academy of Sciences and National Theatre. The blast could be heard across the whole city centre, as far away as Prague Castle, 1.4 km (1 mi) away from the incident. 43 people were injured by the blast, one seriously. No one was killed. The resulting shock wave from the blast damaged windows in nearby buildings including the National Theatre, Café Slavia, the Film and TV School of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (FAMU), the Faculty of Social Sciences of Charles University and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Context_8 : "Amagami SS" is a 2010 anime series based on the PS2 Dating sim "Amagami". The series follows Junichi Tachibana, a second year high school student from Kibitou High who dislikes celebrating Christmas due to a past incident two years ago when his date stood him up on Christmas Eve which left him heartbroken. However, this Christmas will be different as his encounter with one of these six girls, Haruka Morishima, Kaoru Tanamachi, Sae Nakata, Ai Nanasaki, Rihoko Sakurai and Tsukasa Ayatsuji will finally open up his heart to love again. The anime adaptation is rather unusual as it is divided into several story arcs where each arc focuses on one of the main heroines who will become Junichi's love interest. Two extra episodes which features Risa Kamizaki and Miya Tachibana as the heroines was released on the 13th anime Blu-ray/DVD on April 29, 2011 along with two Short Side-Story OVAs for those who order the first 12 Blu-ray/DVDs. On August 13, 2011, a second season of "Amagami SS" was announced. The second season, titled "Amagami SS+ plus", aired on January 5, 2012 to March 29, 2012. Context_9 : The Rajnandgaon ambush occurred on 12 July 2009, when at least 29 members of the Indian Police were killed in an ambush attack by Maoist rebels in Rajnandgaon, 90 km from Raipur (India's Chhattisgarh state).The Rajnandgaon ambush is one of the biggest instances of naxal attacks in the state of Chhattisgarh in which 29 Police Personnel including The Superintendent of Police of Rajnadgaon district, Shri Vinod Kumar Chaubey, was martyred. Chaubey was a member of The elite Indian Police Service of 1998 batch. It was the first and only naxal incident in Chhattisgarh till date to have claimed the life of an officer of the Indian Police Service. For the immense gallantry displayed by Chaubey in this horrific incident, The president of India awarded him with the second highest award for gallantry in India, The Kirti Chakra. He is the only officer in the state to have received a gallantry award of The Ashoka Chakra Series. The citation for Kirti Chakra reads as follows - Context_10 : The Exeter incident was a highly publicized UFO sighting that occurred on September 3, 1965, approximately 5 miles (8 km) south of Exeter, New Hampshire, in the neighboring town of Kensington. Although several separate sightings had been made by numerous witnesses in the weeks leading up to September 3, the specific incident, eventually to become by far the most famous, involved a local teenager and two police officers. The November/December 2011 edition of "Skeptical Inquirer" offers an explanation of the incident, based on details reported by the eyewitnesses. fact_1 : The Aurora Encounter is a 1986 American Weird Western science fiction film directed by the Jim McCullough Sr., written by Melody Brooke and Jim McCullough, Jr., and starring Jack Elam, Mickey Hays, Peter Brown, Carol Bagdasarian and Dottie West. fact_2 :  It was based on the Aurora, Texas, UFO incident. fact_3 : The Aurora, Texas, UFO incident reportedly occurred on April 17, 1897 when, according to locals, a UFO crashed on a farm near Aurora, Texas. Answer: April 17, 1897

SOLUTION:
The Aurora Encounter is a film based on an incident that occurred on what date?