You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For simplicity, answers should be in all lower cased letters.

Category: SOCIAL SCIENCE 
Clue: It's the study of the principles of punishment as well as the management of prisons
penology

Category: COUNTRY CLUBS 
Clue: The 8-member club formed by this treaty shutskied its doors in 1991
the warsaw pact

Category: AUSTRALIAN STATES 
Clue: You'll find Newcastle in this "New" state

new south wales