Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
ID4 gene is a member of the inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) family proteins that inhibit DNA binding of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. The epigenetic inactivation of ID4 gene on colorectal cancer (CRC) development and its clinical significance was assessed.', 'In CRC cell lines, ID4 methylation status of the promoter region was assessed by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing. The mRNA expression level was assessed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. The methylation status of 9 normal epithelia, 13 adenomas, 92 primary CRCs, and 26 liver metastases was assessed by methylation-specific PCR. ID4 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry analysis of tissue specimen.', 'CRC cell lines were shown to be hypermethylated, and mRNA expression was suppressed and could be restored by 5-aza-cytidine treatment. In clinical specimens from normal epithelia, adenomas, primary CRCs, and liver metastases, the frequency of ID4 hypermethylation was 0 of 9 (0%), 0 of 13 (0%), 49 of 92 (53%), and 19 of 26 (73%), respectively, with a significant elevation according to CRC pathological progression. Methylation status of primary CRCs significantly correlated with histopathological tumor grade (P = 0.028). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed ID4 expression of normal colon epithelia, adenomas, and unmethylated primary CRCs but not hypermethylated CRC specimens. Among 76 American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I to IV patients who had undergone curative surgical resection, overall survival was significantly poorer in patients with hypermethylated ID4 bearing tumors (P = 0.0066).

Ex Output:
Does epigenetic inactivation of ID4 in colorectal carcinomas correlate with poor differentiation and unfavorable prognosis?


Ex Input:
Recently, there has been increasing concern about adverse health effects of exposure to desert dust events. However, the association between dust and the incidence of ischemic heart diseases is unknown. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether Asian dust (AD), a windblown sand dust originating from mineral soil in China and Mongolia, is associated with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).', 'We investigated the data regarding hospitalization because of AMI among 3068 consecutive patients from 4 AMI centers in Fukuoka, Japan, and data for AD from April 2003 to December 2010. We applied a time-stratified case-crossover design to examine the association between AD and the incidence of AMI. Using a conditional logistic regression analysis, we estimated the odds ratios of AMI associated with AD after controlling for ambient temperature and relative humidity. The occurrence of AD events 0 to 4 days before the day of admission was significantly associated with the incidence of AMI. In particular, the occurrence of AD 4 days before admission was significantly associated with the onset of AMI.

Ex Output:
Is desert dust a risk factor for the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Western Japan?


Ex Input:
The purpose of this study was to assess the potential immunosuppressive role of daclizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the α chain of the interleukin 2 receptor, in vivo, by comparing immune responses to the 2013 seasonal influenza vaccination between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on long-term daclizumab therapy and controls.', 'Previously defined subpopulations of adaptive immune cells known to correlate with the immune response to the influenza vaccination were evaluated by 12-color flow cytometry in 23 daclizumab-treated patients with MS and 14 MS or healthy controls before (D0) and 1 day (D1) and 7 days (D7) after administration of the 2013 Afluria vaccine. Neutralizing antibody titers and CD4(+), CD8(+) T cell, B cell, and natural killer cell proliferation to 3 strains of virus contained in the Afluria vaccine were assessed at D0, D7, and 180 days postvaccination.', 'Daclizumab-treated patients and controls demonstrated comparable, statistically significant expansions of previously defined subpopulations of activated CD8(+) T cells and B cells that characterize the development of effective immune responses to the influenza vaccine, while proliferation of T cells to influenza and control antigens was diminished in the daclizumab cohort. All participants fulfilled FDA criteria for seroconversion or seroprotection in antibody assays.

Ex Output:

Do patients with MS under daclizumab therapy mount normal immune responses to influenza vaccination?