In this task, You are given an open-domain question that can be answered based on factual information. Your task is to provide \*short\* answer (in a few words only) for the given question. The short answer can be one or more entities or it can also be boolean \*yes\* or \*no\*.

[Q]: who led the metis in the rebellions at red river in 1870 and in the northwest in 1885
[A]: Louis Riel


[Q]: the southern border of the sahara desert is known as the
[A]: the Sahel


[Q]: what year was germany split into east and west
[A]:
1949