In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
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Question: accordingly, and to the extent it differs from the holding herein, duncan v. beck is overruled.

Answer: overruling


Question: the alternative holding in heaps v. toy, supra, finding the contract in that case contrary to good morals, is inconsistent with the numerous california decisions upholding contracts between nonmarital partners when such contracts are not founded upon an illicit consideration, and is therefore disapproved.

Answer: overruling


Question: 18 a.l.r. fed. 2d 223 (originally published in 2007, continuously updated) (citing 28 u.s.c.  1332(d)(2)).

Answer:
non-overruling