In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[EX Q]: It holds only when the molecular attraction between different components is equal to the attraction of any one component in its pure state. Dealing primarily with changes in colligative properties, it allows for the calculation of molecular weights of dissolved substances and leads to the definition of a solution as ideal. FTP, identify this law that relates the vapor pressure and mole fraction of a solution, a law named for its French discoverer.
[EX A]: Science

[EX Q]: One variant of this phenomenon can be used to tune the electronic properties of boron nitride nanotubes from nearly insulating to metallic. Another variant of this phenomenon is induced by interference of standing laser waves to trap atoms of a Bose-Einstein condensate loaded into an optical lattice. Schrdinger's third article from his 1926 series of papers presented his perturbation theory treatment of this effect's modification of the Balmer and Lyman series. Along with van der Waals broadening and resonance broadening, this effect can produce pressure broadening of spectral lines. In addition to the giant version and the AC or Autler-Townes form of this effect, it exhibits variants that are linear and quadratic in the applied field. FTP name this shifting and splitting of spectral lines due to an external electric field, the analogue of the Zeeman effect.
[EX A]: Science

[EX Q]: Several pictures by this artist used Adrianus Jacobus Zuyderland as a model, including a work   showing him dressed all in blue sitting in a chair with his head in his hands. In addition to that work,  sometimes called Sorrowing Old Man  and sometimes At Eternity's Gate, this artist painted a man   leaning on his right hand with a foxglove plant in front of him. This artist also showed a poor family  eating around a table with a small lamp hanging above. In addition to Portrait of Dr. Gachet  and  The Potato Eaters, this artist painted Starry Night. Name this artist who cut off part of his left ear.
[EX A]:
Fine Arts