In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

A failed naval expedition led by this country's Blanco Encalada resulted in the 1837 Treaty of Paucarpata, while its 1925 Constitution began its Presidential Republic period. This modern day country was captured in a campaign led by Pedro de Valdivia; that campaign saw fighting against its native Araucanian or Mapuche Indians. This country's Patria Vieja period of independence was ended at the Disaster of Rancagua. Its independence campaign was led by men like the Carrera Brothers and Bernardo O'Higgins, and the 19th century saw the flourishing of its free port Valparaiso. For 10 points, name this South American country led in the 20th century by Salvador Allende and Augusto Pinochet.
History

In the form of Nicippe, the priestess of a grove at Dotium, this figure threw the curse of perpetual hunger upon the man who tried to chop down her grove, Erysichthon. With the titan Iasius she produced the children Philomelus and Ploutus. In another story, she assumes the form of the old woman Doso and her (*) sadness is alleviated somewhat by the jokes of Iambe, after which she bathes a baby boy in fire every night in order to burn away his mortality. This stay in the house of Demophoon' parents is described in the Homeric hymn to this figure which describes the foundation of the Eleusinian mysteries. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess who gave Triptolemus a plow and some other agricultural tools, and who was the mother of Persephone.
Social Science

In May of 1940 he and a group of militant followers attacked Leon Trotsky's fortified house outside Mexico City, peppering his rooms with machine gunfire, throwing grenades, and detonating dynamite. Somehow Trotsky and his wife escaped without a scratch. This leader of the raid also edited the communist nespaper El Machete, was an associate of Diego Rivera, and led the Mexican Communist Party after Rivera was thrown out. Like Rivera, he was also an artist, with murals entitled The March of Humanity and Portrait of the Bourgeoisie considered to be some of his best work. FTP, who was this Mexican activist and artist, the last of the great Mexican muralists

Fine Arts