In this task, you are given a part of an article. Your task is to generate headline (title) for this text. Preferred headlines are under fifteen words.

[EX Q]: Abstract—Spectral clustering is a powerful tool for unsupervised data analysis. In this paper, we propose a contextaware hypergraph similarity measure (CAHSM), which leads to robust spectral clustering in the case of noisy data. We construct three types of hypergraph—the pairwise hypergraph, the k-nearest-neighbor (kNN) hypergraph, and the high-order over-clustering hypergraph. The pairwise hypergraph captures the pairwise similarity of data points; the kNN hypergraph captures the neighborhood of each point; and the clustering hypergraph encodes high-order contexts within the dataset. By combining the affinity information from these three hypergraphs, the CAHSM algorithm is able to explore the intrinsic topological information of the dataset. Therefore, data clustering using CAHSM tends to be more robust. Considering the intracluster compactness and the inter-cluster separability of vertices, we further design a discriminative hypergraph partitioning criterion (DHPC). Using both CAHSM and DHPC, a robust spectral clustering algorithm is developed. Theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
[EX A]: Context-Aware Hypergraph Construction for Robust Spectral Clustering

[EX Q]: So-called combined approaches answer a conjunctive query over a description logic ontology in three steps: first, they materialise certain consequences of the ontology and the data; second, they evaluate the query over the data; and third, they filter the result of the second phase to eliminate unsound answers. Such approaches were developed for various members of the DL-Lite and the EL families of languages, but none of them can handle ontologies containing nominals. In our work, we bridge this gap and present a combined query answering approach for ELHO ⊥—a logic that contains all features of the OWL 2 EL standard apart from transitive roles and complex role inclusions. This extension is nontrivial because nominals require equality reasoning, which introduces complexity into the first and the third step. Our empirical evaluation suggests that our technique is suitable for practical application, and so it provides a practical basis for conjunctive query answering in a large fragment of OWL 2 EL.
[EX A]: Introducing Nominals to the Combined Query Answering Approaches for EL

[EX Q]: In this paper we present our exploratory findings related to extracting knowledge and experiences from a community of senior tourists. By using tools of qualitative analysis as well as review of literature, we managed to verify a set of hypotheses related to the content created by senior tourists when participating in on-line communities. We also produced a codebook, representing various themes one may encounter in such communities. This codebook, derived from our own qualitative research, as well a literature review will serve as a basis for further development of automated tools of knowledge extraction. We also managed to find that older adults more often than other poster in tourists forums, mention their age in discussion, more often share their experiences and motivation to travel, however they do not differ in relation to describing barriers encountered while traveling.
[EX A]:
Golden Years, Golden Shores: A Study of Elders in Online Travel Communities