Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Accurate evaluation of the biological behavior of Gastrointestinal stromal tumor and careful selection of patients with a high risk for tumor recurrence are necessary. In the present study, we analyzed prognostic factors in patients with GIST.', 'A total of 214 patients who had undergone curative resection of a localized primary gastric GIST without adjuvant therapy were enrolled in this retrospective study. Prognostic factors were analyzed. The growth pattern was classified as intramural, endoluminal, exoluminal, or mixed- type.', 'On univariate and multivariate analyses, recurrence was predicted by exoluminal or mixed-type (hazard ratio [HR]=3.7, p=0.043), tumor size of >3.5 cm (HR=7.1, p=0.01), and mitotic rate of >5/50 high-power fields (HR=7.9, p<0.001).

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
Although the major limitation to exercise performance in patients with COPD is dynamic hyperinflation, little is known about its relation to daily physical activity.', 'To analyze the contribution of dynamic hyperinflation, exercise tolerance, and airway oxidative stress to physical activity in patients with COPD.', 'In a cross-sectional study, we included 110 patients with moderate to very severe COPD. Daily physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer providing a mean of 1-minute movement epochs as vector magnitude units (VMU). Patients performed the 6-minute walk test, incremental exercise test with measurement of breathing pattern and operating lung volumes, and constant-work rate test at 75% of maximal work rate.', 'Using the GOLD stage and BODE index, we determined arterial blood gases, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, and biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate. Daily physical activity was lower in the 89 patients who developed dynamic hyperinflation than in the 21 who did not (n =161 [SD 70] vs. n = 288 [SD 85] VMU; P = 0.001). Physical activity was mainly related to distance walked in 6 minutes (r = 0.72; P = 0.001), Vo(2) (r = 0.63; P = 0.001), change in end-expiratory lung volume during exercise (r = -0.73; P = 0.001), endurance time (r = 0.61; P = 0.001), and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (r = -0.67; P = 0.001). In a multivariate linear regression analysis using VMU as a dependent variable, dynamic hyperinflation, change in end-expiratory lung volume, and distance walked in 6 minutes were retained in the prediction model (r(2) = 0.84; P = 0.001).

Ex Output:
1


Ex Input:
The effect of surgical history on graft outcomes in patients with functionally univentricular hearts (UH) is not well understood. We compared graft outcomes after heart transplantation in children with a UH between patients who received allografts without prior cardiac surgery (Group A) and patients who underwent transplantation after prior cardiac surgery (Group B).', "We reviewed all patients who received allografts for UH at our institution from 1990 to 2009. Differences in the probability of acute rejection (AR), incidence of graft vasculopathy (GV), and incidence of death or retransplantation were compared between Group A and Group B. Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, the log-rank test, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used as appropriate.", 'During the study period, 180 patients with a UH received allografts: 105 in Group A and 75 in Group B at a median (interquartile range) age of 84 (47-120) days vs 584 (168-2,956) days, respectively (p < 0.001). The odds of AR were higher in Group B (odds ratio, 2.7, 95% confidence interval, 1.3-5.4). Group A had lower univariable risks of GV (p = 0.034) and graft loss (p = 0.003). Median graft survival was 18 years in Group A vs 8 years in Group B. The risk of graft loss after 5 years post-transplant was higher in Group B patients who were aged ≥ 1 year at time of transplant (p < 0.001).

Ex Output:

0