Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: A prospective radiographic analysis of deformity correction during the balloon kyphoplasty procedure.', 'To determine the spontaneous reduction of the deformity in prone position, the subsequent deformity correction by the inflatable bone tamp, and the overall deformity correction after deposition of the cement.', 'Fracture mobility has been shown to contribute to fracture reduction in vertebroplasty. Spontaneous reduction has not been taken into account in recently published series of balloon kyphoplasty, but it must be considered when performing vertebral augmentation and when reporting and interpreting the significance of vertebral height restoration.', 'A consecutive series of 39 osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were treated in 30 patients. Lateral radiographs were taken and analyzed at six different time points: 1) Preoperative standing. During the kyphoplasty procedure, four consecutive radiographs were obtained: 2) after placing the patient in prone position on the operation table, 3) after inflation of the bone tamp (IBT), 4) after deflation and removal of the IBT, and 5) after deposition of the cement. 6) Standing lateral radiographs were taken after the procedure. All fractures were analyzed for improvement in sagittal alignment (Cobb angle, kyphotic angle, sagittal index, vertebral height), complications, and reduction of pain (VAS).', 'Placement of the patient in prone position displayed a significant spontaneous reduction in deformity of 6.5 degrees +/- 4.1 degrees Cobb angle. Inflation of the IBT demonstrated a further reduction of the fracture and a significant improvement of the Cobb angle of 3.4 degrees compared with baseline prone. After deflation and removal of the IBT and placement of the cement, no significant loss of fracture reduction was seen. Postoperative measurement of the Cobb angle by means of standing radiographs demonstrated a 3.1 degrees significant loss of reduction compared with the intraoperative measurement in prone position after cement application. Cement leaks occurred in 9 of 39 vertebral fractures. All patients subjectively reported immediate relief of their typical fracture pain. The VAS score significantly improved from 8.7 +/- 1.4 before surgery to 2.3 +/- 0.9.
Answer: The restoration of height in kyphoplasty is attributed to dynamic fracture mobility as well as to the expansion of the inserted balloon tamp.

Output: Is balloon kyphoplasty effective in deformity correction of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures?


Input: Consider Input: Context: The role of Helicobacter pylori in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is controversial.', 'To compare the severity of GERD in infected vs. non-infected patients, as part of an ongoing randomized controlled trial that examines the impact of H. pylori eradication on GERD-related outcomes.', 'Consecutive GERD patients underwent urea breath testing and completed validated GERD symptom severity, and quality of life questionnaires as well as, 24-h pH-metry. These parameters, as well as demographics and endoscopic findings were assessed in double-blinded fashion and compared between H. pylori-infected and non-infected subjects.', "Helicobacter pylori-infected GERD patients (n=50) were significantly older and less educated than non-infected patients (n=51). They also used proton pump inhibitors less often but had no difference in symptoms (as measured with both the Spechler's Activity Index and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale), quality of life, endoscopic findings or 24-h pH-metry findings.
Answer: This prospective, double-blind study demonstrates, using excellent GERD quantifying measures including validated symptom severity scores, endoscopy, and 24-h pH-metry, that there exist no clinically significant differences in clinical or laboratory-related GERD manifestations between H. pylori-infected and non-infected GERD patients.

Output: Is there no difference in the disease severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease between patients infected and not infected with Helicobacter pylori?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Shoulder instability is a common problem in young athletes and can lead to pain and decreased ability to participate in high-level activities. Little is known about the modifiable risk factors for glenohumeral joint instability.', 'Isometric shoulder strength at baseline would be a modifiable risk factor associated with subsequent first-time anterior instability events.', 'Cohort study.', 'Study participants were freshmen entering the United States Military Academy in June 2006. All participants completed bilateral isometric strength evaluations with a hand-held dynamometer at baseline upon entry into the study. Variables measured included internal and external rotation at 0° (IR0, ER0) and internal and external rotation at 45° of abduction (IR45, ER45). All subjects were followed for subsequent glenohumeral joint instability events until graduation in May 2010. Independent t tests were used to analyze the data.', 'Baseline strength data were available for 1316 shoulders with no prior history of instability, of which 26 went on to have an acute first-time anterior shoulder instability event while the individuals were at the academy. There were no significant differences in mean strength between shoulders that did not go on to develop instability (uninjured; n = 1290) and those that did develop anterior instability (injured; n = 26). The mean strength values in pounds of force for uninjured and injured shoulders, respectively, were as follows: IR0 (49.80 vs 49.29; P = .88), ER0 (35.58 vs 33.66; P = .27), IR45 (47.38 vs 46.93; P = .88), and ER45 (40.08 vs 38.98; P = .59).
Answer: No association was found between isometric shoulder strength measures at baseline and subsequent first-time anterior glenohumeral joint instability within the high-risk athletic population studied in this prospective cohort.


Output: Is rotator Cuff Weakness a Risk Factor for First-Time Anterior Glenohumeral Instability?