TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : Gary Barlow OBE (born 20 January 1971) is an English singer, songwriter and record producer. He is frontman and lead vocalist of British pop-group Take That. Barlow also served as head judge of "The X Factor UK" from 2011 to 2013 and "Let It Shine" in 2017. Barlow is one of Britain's most successful songwriters, having written fourteen number one singles and twenty-four top 10 hits. He has had three number one singles, six top 10 singles and two number one albums as a solo artist, and has had seventeen top 5 hits, twelve number one singles and seven number one albums with Take That. He is also a six-time recipient of the Ivor Novello Award and has sold over 50 million records worldwide. Context_2 : Kill the Lights is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was released on August 7, 2015, by Capitol Nashville. The album's lead single, "Kick the Dust Up", was released to country radio on May 19, 2015. "Strip It Down" was released as the second single from the album on August 4, 2015. The album's third single, "Home Alone Tonight", was released to country radio on November 23, 2015. The album's fourth single, "Huntin', Fishin' and Lovin' Every Day" released to country radio on March 14, 2016. The album's fifth single, "Move" released to country radio on July 25, 2016. All five singles reached number one on the "Billboard" Country Airplay chart, making Bryan the first country music artist ever to have five number one singles from two albums apiece. In November 2016, the album's sixth and final single, "Fast", was sent to country radio. With "Fast" also reaching number one in April 2017, Bryan became the first artist in the chart's history to achieve six number one singles from one album. Context_3 : Hiram "Hank" Williams ( ; September 17, 1923 – January 1, 1953) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. Regarded as one of the most significant and influential American singers and songwriters of the 20th century, Williams recorded 35 singles (five released posthumously) that reached the Top 10 of the "Billboard" Country & Western Best Sellers chart, including 11 that ranked number one (three posthumously). Context_4 : Canadian rapper Drake has released four studio albums, one extended play, four mixtapes, one collaborative mixtape, seventy-seven singles (including fifty-two as a featured artist), seven promotional singles and thirty-six music videos. His music has been released on record labels Universal Motown Records and Universal Republic Records, along with subsidiaries Aspire Music Group, Young Money Entertainment and Cash Money Records. He has the most number one singles on the US Hot Rap Songs chart with fifteen of them, and as a rap artist, he has the most number one singles on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart with sixteen of them. Context_5 : Agenor de Miranda Araújo Neto, better known as Cazuza (] ; 4 April 1958 – 7 July 1990), was a Brazilian singer and songwriter, born in Rio de Janeiro. Along with Raul Seixas, Renato Russo and Os Mutantes, Cazuza, both while fronting Barão Vermelho and at solo career, is considered one of the best exponents of Brazilian rock music. In his 9-year career, he sold more than 5 million albums and achieved 11 number one singles and 18 Top 10 singles in Brazil. Context_6 : Vince Mira (born March 18, 1992) is a singer/songwriter from Federal Way, Washington who specializes in country and rock and roll music. His deep bass-baritone voice has drawn comparisons to Johnny Cash. His repertoire consists of several Johnny Cash and Hank Williams songs, as well as his own originals. Context_7 : Boyzone are an Irish boy band. Their most famous line-up was composed of Keith Duffy, Stephen Gately, Mikey Graham, Ronan Keating, and Shane Lynch. Boyzone have had 21 singles in the top 40 UK charts and 22 singles in the Irish charts. The group have had 6 UK number one singles and 9 number one singles in Ireland with 12 of their 24 singles in the UK being in the UK Top 2. Boyzone are one of the most successful bands in Ireland and the United Kingdom. In total, Boyzone had 19 top 5 singles on the Irish Singles Chart, 18 top 10 hits on the UK Singles Chart, nine No. 1 Irish hit singles and six No. 1 UK hit singles and five No. 1 albums, with 25 million records sold by 2013 worldwide. Context_8 : "Who's That Girl" is an up-tempo electro R&B song performed by Australian singer-songwriter Guy Sebastian which features American rapper Eve. It was written by Sebastian, with Eve writing and performing the rap. Sebastian co-produced the song with Andre Harris. Released as a digital download on 5 November 2010, it was the only single released in Australia from Sebastian's retrospective album "Twenty Ten". "Who's That Girl" reached number one on the ARIA Singles Chart, Sebastian's fifth of six number one singles in Australia and Eve's first. It was also Sebastian's seventh of 12 top ten singles on the Australian charts. It reached 5× platinum certification in 2014. "Who's That Girl" was shortlisted for the 2011 APRA Song of the Year and won the APRA Urban Work of the Year. Sebastian received ARIA Award nominations for Single of the Year and Best Pop Release and won the Highest Selling Single ARIA. He was also nominated as "Most Popular Australian Artist". "Who's That Girl" also reached number one and platinum certification in New Zealand, Sebastian's second number one single there.<ref name="Latest Gold/Platinum Singles">Latest Gold/Platinum Singles. RadioScope New Zealand. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 15 January 2012.</ref> Context_9 : Shinedown is an American rock band from Jacksonville, Florida. Formed by Brent Smith in 2001 after the dissolution of his prior band, Smith, still under contract with record label Atlantic Records, recruited the band's original lineup of Jasin Todd as guitarist, Brad Stewart on bass, and Barry Kerch on drums. Consistent for the first two album cycles, a few lineup changes followed in the late 2000s, eventually stabilizing with Smith and Kerch, as remaining members alongside newcomers Zach Myers on guitar, and Eric Bass on bass. The group has released five studio albums: "Leave a Whisper" (2003), "Us and Them" (2005), "The Sound of Madness" (2008), "Amaryllis" (2012), and "Threat to Survival" (2015). Shinedown has sold more than ten million records worldwide, and has had 11 number one singles on the "Billboard" Mainstream Rock charts, the third most of all-time, behind Van Halen and Three Days Grace. Context_10 : Dwight Yoakam is an American country music singer-songwriter. Since his debut single, "Honky Tonk Man" in 1986, he has released 46 singles, including two "Billboard" Hot Country Songs number one singles, as well as 4 number ones in Canada. In addition to having two number one singles in the United States, Yoakam also has thirteen Top 10 singles on the country chart. fact_1 :  His repertoire consists of several Johnny Cash and Hank Williams songs, as well as his own originals. fact_2 : Hiram "Hank" Williams ( ; September 17, 1923 – January 1, 1953) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. fact_3 :  Regarded as one of the most significant and influential American singers and songwriters of the 20th century, Williams recorded 35 singles (five released posthumously) that reached the Top 10 of the "Billboard" Country & Western Best Sellers chart, including 11 that ranked number one (three posthumously). Question: When was artist who Vince Mira covered who recorded 11 number one singles born?

SOLUTION: September 17, 1923

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Seili is the second studio album by Finnish pop singer Jenni Vartiainen. It was released by Warner Music Finland digitally on 31 March 2010, with the official physical release following on 14 April. From 31 March to the official physical release date, the album was sold at €19 in conjunction with "Ilta-Sanomat". The album was re-released on 14 January 2011, in a limited vinyl edition. The Finnish-language album, incorporating electro and synthpop elements along with melancholic piano ballads, is named after the island Seili (Själö in Swedish), located off the south-west coast of Finland. The album was produced and co-written by Jukka Immonen with Vartiainen writing also two of the songs. The main lyricists were Teemu Brunila and Mariska who contributed to the thematical dualism of the album—Brunila wrote the happier songs about publicity and finding love while Mariska wrote the lyrics for the songs that deal with darker and more serious themes, such as death. Another lyricist was Paula Vesala (from the pop rock duo PMMP). Vartiainen participated more in the production than with her debut album "Ihmisten edessä", by playing for example piano and kantele. Context_2 : A Wonderful Christmas with Ashanti is the second holiday album by American R&B recording artist Ashanti. Originally released to iTunes on December 3, 2013 as a five-song EP, the collection featured recordings from the Lifetime original movie "Christmas In The City". On October 27, 2014, it was re-issued as a full-length album in the form of a Deluxe Edition to digital retailers with three newly recorded songs. Furthermore, the album was given a physical release exclusively to Target stores in the U.S. on the same date, with an additional two exclusive songs. In a 2014 interview with "Arise Entertainment 360", Ashanti revealed that her parents, sister and cousin provided backing vocals for her rendition of "White Christmas", which was recorded for the expanded 2014 re-issue of the album. Context_3 : Between Friends is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer Tamia, first released by Gallo Records in South Africa on May 12, 2006 (see 2006 in music). The album was released on November 14, 2006 in the United States and on November 20, 2006 in the United Kingdom (In HMV stores) on Image Entertainment. "Between Friends" was entirely produced by Shep Crawford, besides three tracks by Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins. It peaked at number 66 on the US "Billboard" Hot 200 selling 18,000 copies in its first week. To date it has sold about 370,000 copies in the US, 120,000 in South Africa and more than 800,000 worldwide. A Gift Between Friends is a 2-disc album comprising a re-release of "Between Friends" and featuring some new Christmas songs by Tamia. It was released on October 27, 2007. Context_4 : "Every Heartbeat" is a 1991 single by American Christian singer Amy Grant. It was released as the third single from the "Heart In Motion" album, though it was the second from the album to be released to mainstream pop radio. After the unexpected major success of Grant's previous single, "Baby Baby," which topped both the United States' "Billboard" Hot 100 and Adult Contemporary charts, there seemed the question on how to follow it up. The chosen single was "Every Heartbeat," and although it did not hit number one, it still managed to make the #2 spot on the Hot 100 and the Adult Contemporary chart for one and six weeks respectively. In both cases Every Heartbeat was kept from the top spot by Bryan Adams' song "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You". Charlie Peacock wrote the song's music and chorus lyrics, with Grant and Wayne Kirkpatrick composing the remaining lyrics. In 2004, Sixpence None The Richer covered "Every Heartbeat" on the album "Full Circle: A Celebration of Songs and Friends", which commemorated Charlie Peacock's 20-year anniversary as a solo recording artist. Mark Lowry parodied the song with the title "Every Teacher". In 2014, the song was included on Grant's remix compilation album titled "In Motion: The Remixes". A digital remix EP was released on iTunes in support of the album which charted at number 13 on the "Billboard" Hot Dance Club Songs chart. In 1992 Kids Incorporated covered "Every Heartbeat" in the Season 8 episode "Old Friends". Context_5 : The Wayne B. Nottingham Prize is awarded annually at the Physical Electronics Conference (PEC), a conference that focuses on new research results in the field of surface science and in the sub-fields of physics and chemistry of interfaces. The prestigious Nottingham Prize was established from contributions given in memory of Professor Wayne B. Nottingham of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by his many friends and associates. It was first given in March 1966 at MIT and in March thereafter until February,1974 when the PEC was held at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, NJ. This was to avoid overlap in time with the American Physical Society "March" meeting which in the 1970s was about 30 times larger than the PEC. Unfortunately the weather in February led to icy roads and delays in the scheduled events. In 1975 the PEC was moved to June where it still is today. The prize currently consists of a certificate and in 1974 was $200 but has increased recently to $1500, and is awarded to the best student paper presented at the conference. A student paper is defined as a paper based on a Ph.D. thesis whose date of submission to the faculty is no earlier than one year before the meeting at which the Prize is given. Context_6 : Smith v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84 (2003) , was a court case in the United States which questioned the constitutionality of the Alaska Sex Offender Registration Act's retroactive requirements. Under the Act, any sex offender must register with the Department of Corrections or local law enforcement within one business day of entering the state. This information is forwarded to the Department of Public Safety, which maintains a public database. Fingerprints, social security number, anticipated change of address, and medical treatment after the offense are kept confidential. The offender's name, aliases, address, photograph, physical description, driver's license number, motor vehicle identification numbers, place of employment, date of birth, crime, date and place of conviction, and length and conditions of sentence are part of the public record, maintained on the Internet. Context_7 : The Finnish sauna is a substantial part of Finnish culture. There are five million inhabitants and over three million saunas in Finland - an average of one per household. For Finnish people the sauna is a place to relax with friends and family, and a place for physical and mental relaxation as well. Finns think of saunas not as a luxury, but as a necessity. Before the rise of public health care and nursery facilities, almost all Finnish mothers gave birth in saunas. Context_8 : Adam Ant (born Stuart Leslie Goddard; 3 November 1954) is an English singer and musician. He gained popularity as the lead singer of new wave group Adam and the Ants and later as a solo artist, scoring 10 UK top ten hits from 1980 to 1983, including three UK No. 1 singles. He has also worked as an actor, appearing in over two dozen films and television episodes from 1985 to 2003. Context_9 : "Friends" b/w "Kick"/"Physical", also known as The B-sides, was the final single from Adam and the Ants. All three songs were written by Adam Ant, and were early fan favorites among "Antpeople." "Friends" and "Physical" were performed at a John Peel session on 10 July 1978. All three tracks had previously been recorded in 1978 for the Ants' first label Decca Records. "Kick" at RAK Studios in Chalbert Street, London, produced by Snips, "Friends" and "Physical" at Decca's own studio at Broadhurst Gardens, West Hampstead, produced by Ant himself. Context_10 : Pythagoras of Samos or Pythagoras of Rhegion, (Ancient Greek: Πυθαγόρας , fl. 5th century BC) was a statuary from Samos whom Pliny the Elder expressly distinguishes from the more renowned Pythagoras from Rhegion. Pliny does however say that the sculptor bore a remarkable personal likeness to the mathematician. There is no precise indication of his date. Philip Smith accepted the opinion of Karl Julius Sillig (1801—1855) that Pliny's date of Olympiad 87 (c. 428 BC) ought to be referred to this artist rather than to a different Pythagoras, from Rhegium; other writers consider it possible he lived closer to the beginning of the 5th century BC. Modern writers consider it certain these two were the same artist, and that this Pythagoras was one of the Samian exiles who moved to Zankle at the beginning of the 5th century BC and came under the power of the tyrant Anaxilas in Rhegium. While a Samian by birth, he was a pupil of Clearchus of Rhegium. fact_1 : "Friends" b/w "Kick"/"Physical", also known as The B-sides, was the final single from Adam and the Ants. fact_2 :  All three songs were written by Adam Ant, and were early fan favorites among "Antpeople." fact_3 : Adam Ant (born Stuart Leslie Goddard; 3 November 1954) is an English singer and musician. Question: What is the date of birth of the artist who wrote the songs "Friends" and "Physical"?

SOLUTION: 3 November 1954

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Cosmology (from the Greek κόσμος, "kosmos" "world" and -λογία, "-logia" "study of") is the study of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe. Physical cosmology is the scholarly and scientific study of the origin, large-scale structures and dynamics, and ultimate fate of the universe, as well as the scientific laws that govern these realities. Context_2 : The DGP model is a model of gravity proposed by Gia Dvali, Gregory Gabadadze, and Massimo Porrati in 2000. The model is popular among some model builders, but has resisted being embedded into string theory. Context_3 : Kirsti Elina Hemminki (born August 22, 1948) is a Finnish academic who was trained in medicine and public health. She has wide research experience in health services and epidemiological research. Her research interests include use, determinants and consequences of medical technology, particularly in the field of preventive services. Many of her examples come from women’s and children’s health and drugs (medicines). She is interested in health services trials, and how ethical and governance rules apply to them. Her other research interests have included research policy and research regulation. Context_4 : Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE) is a group of young Egyptian researchers established under the chairman of the group founder Prof. Aboul Ella Hassanien (Professor of Information Technology at the Faculty of Computer and Information, Cairo University). The main target of the group is establishing a research community for sharing common interests. Therefore the research map of the group consists of multidisciplinary research interests including: Networks, Intelligent Environment, bio-informatics, chemoinformatics, and information security. Context_5 : Neelima M. Gupte is an Indian physicist. She obtained her B.Sc from Bombay University in 1976, M.Sc from IIT Bombay in 1978 and Ph.D from SUNY at Stony Brook in 1983. She has subsequently worked at the University of Hyderabad, and was on the faculty of Pune University from 1985 to 1993. She now works as a Professor in the Department of Physics, IIt Madras. Her research interests lie in the field of nonlinear dynamics, and chaos. Some important results obtained by her and her collaborators include the phase transition analogs of the thermodynamics of multifractals, the method of impulsive synchronisation and the enhancement of the eciency of load-bearing and communication networks. Her current research interests include the analysis of spatio-temporal intermittency in extended systems, chaotic advection and the study of networks. In addition to her academic interests, she has also participated in the activities of the 'Women in Physics' group of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. Context_6 : Letters in Mathematical Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in mathematical physics published by Springer Science+Business Media. It publishes letters and longer research articles, occasionally also articles containing topical reviews. It is essentially a platform for the rapid dissemination of short contributions in the field of mathematical physics. In addition, the journal publishes contributions to modern mathematics in fields which have a potential physical application, and developments in theoretical physics which have potential mathematical impact. The editors are Volker Bach, Edward Frenkel, Maxim Kontsevich, Dirk Kreimer, Nikita Nekrasov, Massimo Porrati, and Daniel Sternheimer. Context_7 : Fate/kaleid liner Prisma Illya (Fate/kaleid liner プリズマ☆イリヤ , Fate/kaleid liner purizuma iriya ) is a manga series by Hiroshi Hiroyama (also known as KALMIA), serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's "Comp Ace" magazine from 2007 to 2008. It is an alternate universe spin-off of the "Fate/stay night" visual novel by Type-Moon, with Illyasviel von Einzbern as the protagonist. Various other characters from "Fate/stay night" and its sequels and spin-offs also appear. A sequel series titled "Fate/Kaleid liner Prisma Illya 2wei!" (Fate/kaleid liner プリズマ☆イリヤ ツヴァイ！ ) was serialized from 2009 to 2012. A third manga series titled "Fate/Kaleid liner Prisma Illya 3rei!!" (Fate/kaleid liner プリズマ☆イリヤ ドライ！！ ) began serialization in 2012. Context_8 : Massimo Porrati (born 1961 in Genova, Italy) is a professor of physics, and a member of the Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, at New York University. He graduated from the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Italy with a "Diploma di Scienze" degree in 1985. Later he worked as a postdoctoral fellow at UCLA and UC Berkeley in the USA. He was a research scientist at the INFN section in Pisa, Italy, in collaboration with CERN, where he over the years has spent several periods, before joining NYU in 1992. His major research interests are String Theory, Supersymmetry and Supergravity, Nonperturbative Aspects of Strings and Quantum Field Theory, and Cosmology. Context_9 : Emmett O'Byrne (born 30 November 1973) is an Irish historian whose primary research interests are the history of Medieval Ireland and Early Modern Ireland, focusing in particular on Gaelic Ireland. Further research interests include the development of the common law in Ireland from 1169, competing laws among the marches of medieval Ireland and the peoples and frontiers of medieval Europe. Context_10 : Massimo Egidi (December 1, 1942) is an Italian economist. He is Professor of Economics at LUISS "Guido Carli" in Rome and former rector of the University. With Axel Leijonhuvfud is co-director of CELL, the Laboratory of Computable and Experimental Economics (University of Trento). His main research interests are related to the study of boundedly rational behaviors in organizations and institutions. fact_1 :  His major research interests are String Theory, Supersymmetry and Supergravity, Nonperturbative Aspects of Strings and Quantum Field Theory, and Cosmology. fact_2 :  Physical cosmology is the scholarly and scientific study of the origin, large-scale structures and dynamics, and ultimate fate of the universe, as well as the scientific laws that govern these realities. Question: Which of Massimo Porrati's research interests is about the fate of the universe?

SOLUTION:
Cosmology