Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Cyclosporine causes intrarenal vasoconstriction, which may account for its nephrotoxic side effects. Plasma levels of the vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 are increased after cyclosporine administration, and endothelin-1 has been shown to cause renal vasoconstriction. In this study we used in vivo microscopy to investigate the role of endothelin-1 in cyclosporine-induced vasoconstriction.', 'Hydronephrotic kidneys in decerebrate rats were suspended in an environmentally controlled tissue bath with neurovascular supply intact. Interlobular, afferent, and efferent arteriolar diameters and flow were measured by videomicroscopy and Doppler velocimetry. Cyclosporine was added to the tissue bath, and measurements were repeated for 60 minutes. In study groups endogenous endothelin-1 was blocked by infusion of either specific endothelin antiserum or an endothelin-1 receptor antagonist.', 'Cyclosporine caused constriction of the interlobular artery by 20% +/- 2% and a corresponding decrease in blood flow by 66% +/- 4%. The afferent and efferent arterioles constricted to a similar degree. This vasoconstriction was entirely prevented by infusion of either the endothelin antiserum or the receptor antagonist. The antagonist reagents alone had no effect on hemodynamic parameters or renal microvessel diameters.
Answer: The acute renal vasoconstriction induced by cyclosporine is mediated by endothelin-1. Endogenous endothelin-1 has little role in maintaining basal vascular tone.
Is acute cyclosporine-induced renal vasoconstriction mediated by endothelin-1?

Context: Interferon alpha2a (IFNalpha2a) mediates important antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory responses and is employed in the treatment of human diseases, including chronic myelogenous leukemia. Here, we report the IFNalpha2a-dependent expression profiles of three malignant cell lines derived from liver, lymphocytes and muscle.', 'The experiments were performed in the presence of cycloheximide, thus our results exclusively reflect direct transcriptional modulation. The short exposure time i.e. 5 hours evidences only the early events, excluding the effects of complex phenotypic changes on the expression.', "Our findings indicate that IFNalpha2a rapidly up-regulates the expression of STAT1, STAT2 and ISGF3G genes. This activity should result in the amplification of the cellular response to the cytokine. Moreover, IFNalpha2a directly modulates the expression of: (i) important transcriptional factors, e.g. IRF1 and IRF7 which control pivotal cellular events, and (ii) enzymes involved in the IFNalpha2a-dependent antiviral and apoptotic response. Interestingly, we showed that the cytokine induces transcriptional expression of Sjögren's syndrome antigen A1, a protein involved in several autoimmune diseases.
Answer: The observed changes induced by IFNalpha2a could be related to the development of autoimmune syndromes observed during IFNalpha2a treatment. A number of genes transcriptionally regulated by the cytokine have been identified for the first time; these might represent additional effectors of IFNalpha2a activity.
Do genes transcriptionally modulated by interferon alpha2a correlate with the cytokine activity?

Context: To investigate whether the use of continuous Pringle maneuver (PM) adversely impacts the outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).', 'From January 1989 to January 2011, 586 HCC patients who underwent curative resection in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were identified from the database. Continuous PM was performed in 290 patients (PM group), including 163 patients with a hepatic inflow occlusion time of <15 min (PM-1 group) and 127 with 15-30 min (PM-2 group). An additional 296 patients underwent partial hepatectomy without inflow occlusion (occlusion-free, OF group).', 'The PM group showed less estimated blood loss during hepatectomy than the OF group (P\xa0=\xa00.005) and the two groups experienced similar incidence of perioperative complications. There were no significant differences in either overall survival or disease-free survival (DFS) between the PM and OF groups (P\xa0=\xa00.117 and 0.291, respectively), and between the PM-1 and PM-2 groups (P\xa0=\xa00.344 and 0.103, respectively). Hepatic inflow occlusion and occlusion time were not independent risk factors for OS or DFS.
Answer: Continuous PM effectively reduces intraoperative bleeding and does not adversely impact the outcomes of HCC patients. It remains a valuable tool in hepatic resection, even difficult, complicated resections requiring prolonged clamping times.

Does continuous Pringle maneuver affect outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection?