Given a math problem with context and a question and 5 answer choices, the task is to provide the correct answer choice based on the problem. You must choose one of the given answer choices by letter: a, b, c, d, or e; anything else is invalid.

[Q]: Problem: a merchant marks his goods up by 30 % and then offers a discount of 10 % on the marked price. what % profit does the merchant make after the discount ?
Options: a. 17 %, b. 25 %, c. 69 %, d. 31 %, e. 19 %
[A]: a


[Q]: Problem: p has $ 32 more than what q and r together would have had if both b and c had 1 / 6 of what p has. how much does p have ?
Options: a. $ 44, b. $ 48, c. $ 52, d. $ 56, e. $ 60
[A]: b


[Q]: Problem: a bag contains 6 black and 7 white balls. one ball is drawn at random. what is the probability that the ball drawn is white ?
Options: a. 4, b. 4 / 3, c. 4 / 5, d. 4 / 9, e. 7 / 13
[A]:
e