In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Input: Consider Input: Context: The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes and perceptions of staff radiologists regarding the incorporation of a nonanonymous peer review system at an academic hospital.', 'A questionnaire gauging knowledge of, attitudes toward, and perceptions regarding peer review was distributed to all staff radiologists at a large academic hospital. The survey was distributed before the implementation of a nonanonymous peer review system. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Responses were cross-tabulated according to subspecialty and number of years in practice.', 'The majority of respondents agreed that peer review is important for improving patient care (31 of 36 [86%]) and professional development (29 of 36 [81%]), but the vast majority (33 of 36 [92%]) believed that peer review should be anonymous. Twenty-six of 36 respondents (72%) believed that peer review will not be safe from malpractice issues, 24 of 36 (67%) agreed that it has the potential to damage interpersonal relationships within the department, and 15 of 36 (42%) believed that it may influence their job security or rankings within the department. Significant differences were identified between radiologists with more and fewer years of practice experience.\Question: Do survey of radiologist attitudes and perceptions regarding the incorporation of a departmental peer review system?

Output: The incorporation of a nonanonymous peer review system generates anxiety and uncertainty within a radiology department. The investigation of physicians' attitudes toward and perceptions about peer review is important for understanding the potential impact not only on patient care but also on radiologists' relationships and psychology in the workplace.


Input: Consider Input: Context: To evaluate the effects of COX-1 and/or COX-2 inhibition in a model of chronic esophagitis in rabbits.', 'Both high- and low-grade esophagitis were induced in rabbits by the perfusion of acidified pepsin. Rabbits were treated with either a selective COX-2 inhibitor (DFU[3-(3-Fluorophenyl)-4-(4-Methanesulfonyl)-5,5-Dimethyl-5H-Furan-2-One];30 mg/Kg/day), a nonspecific COX inhibitor (indomethacin; 2 mg/Kg/day), or a COX-1 preferential inhibitor (piroxicam; 2 mg/Kg/12 h).', 'Prostaglandins are derived from COX-1 activity in the normal esophagus. Both low- and high-grade esophagitis are associated with a progressive increase of COX activity, which is partially dependent on the COX-2 isoform. DFU reduced muscosal damage in both models of esophagitis. However, indomethacin did not affect significantly mucosal damage, and piroxicam increased damage in low-grade esophagitis.\Question: Is selective COX-2 inhibition associated with decreased mucosal damage induced by acid and pepsin in rabbit esophagitis?

Output: COX-1 activity is constitutive in the rabbit esophageal mucosa, but both COX-2 and COX-1 activity are increased under the impact of acidified pepsin. Treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor DFU is associated with improvement of mucosal damage, which may have therapeutic implications.


Input: Consider Input: Context: Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) grows in a range of different climates in the southwestern Mediterranean region and the existence of a variety of latitudinal ecotypes or provenances is well established. In this study, we have conducted a deep analysis of the transcriptome in needles from two P. pinaster provenances, Leiria (Portugal) and Tamrabta (Morocco), which were grown in northern Spain under the same conditions.', 'An oligonucleotide microarray (PINARRAY3) and RNA-Seq were used for whole-transcriptome analyses, and we found that 90.95% of the data were concordant between the two platforms. Furthermore, the two methods identified very similar percentages of differentially expressed genes with values of 5.5% for PINARRAY3 and 5.7% for RNA-Seq. In total, 6,023 transcripts were shared and 88 differentially expressed genes overlapped in the two platforms. Among the differentially expressed genes, all transport related genes except aquaporins were expressed at higher levels in Tamrabta than in Leiria. In contrast, genes involved in secondary metabolism were expressed at higher levels in Tamrabta, and photosynthesis-related genes were expressed more highly in Leiria. The genes involved in light sensing in plants were well represented in the differentially expressed groups of genes. In addition, increased levels of hormones such as abscisic acid, gibberellins, jasmonic and salicylic acid were observed in Leiria.\Question: Does transcriptome-wide analysis support environmental adaptations of two Pinus pinaster populations from contrasting habitats?


Output: Both transcriptome platforms have proven to be useful resources, showing complementary and reliable results. The results presented here highlight the different abilities of the two maritime pine populations to sense environmental conditions and reveal one type of regulation that can be ascribed to different genetic and epigenetic backgrounds.