Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: Morbidly obese patients usually present vitamin D deficiency or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Low vitamin D levels have been recently related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between vitamin D, bone turnover markers and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in severely obese patients.', 'One hundred and ten patients who underwent bariatric surgery were included. Liver biopsy was taken during surgery. Two univariate analyses were carried out in order to i) analyse the relationship between liver histology and vitamin D-bone turnover markers (intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin and Carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks) and ii) establish the association between metabolic syndrome components-insulin resistance (HOMA) and vitamin D-bone turnover markers.', '70% of the patients had lower levels of vitamin D or secondary hyperparathyroidism. None of the components of liver histology were associated with levels of vitamin D or with bone turnover parameters. Patients with metabolic syndrome showed lower levels of PTH and osteocalcin (72,42 (29,47) vs 61.25(19.59) p-Value: 0.022; 19.79 (10.43) vs 16.87(10.25) p-Value: 0,028, respectively). HOMA was not related to Vitamin D or bone turnover markers.

A: 0
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Q: Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and Nrf2 is the transcriptional factor central in cellular antioxidant responses. In the present study, we investigate the effect of a dihydrolipoic acid derivative lipoicmethylenedioxyphenol (LMDP) on the progression of atherosclerosis and test whether its effect on atherosclerosis is mediated by Nrf2.', 'Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning and en face analysis reveal that 14 weeks of treatment with LMDP markedly reduced atherosclerotic burden in a rabbit balloon vascular injury model. Myograph analyses show decreased aortic contractile response to phenylephrine and increased aortic response to acetylcholine and insulin in LMDP-treated animals, suggesting that LMDP inhibits atherosclerosis through improving vascular function. A role of Nrf2 signaling in mediating the amelioration of vascular function by LMDP was supported by increased Nrf2 translocation into nuclear and increased expression of Nrf2 target genes. Furthermore, chemotaxis analysis with Boydem chamber shows that leukocytes isolated from LMDP-treated rabbits had reduced chemotaxis, and knock-down of Nrf2 significantly reduced the effect of LMDP on the chemotaxis of mouse macrophages.

A: 1
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Q: We investigated the influence of exocrine tissue contamination on the process of vascularization of isolated pancreatic islets of Langerhans after free transplantation into Syrian golden hamsters.', 'After isolation by a modified collagenase digestion technique, a total of 45 individual islets contaminated with exocrine tissue were transplanted syngeneically into striated muscle of dorsal skinfold chambers of nine animals. Sixty-six purified islet grafts transplanted into nine additional animals served as controls. Islet engraftment as well as the process of angiogenesis and revascularization were analyzed at days 3, 5, 9, and 13 after transplantation using intravital fluorescent microscopic techniques.', "Islet grafts contaminated with exocrine tissue showed a significantly (P<0.05) lower take rate initially after transplantation when compared with purified islet grafts. In addition, functional capillary density, which served as an indicator of graft vascularization, was found significantly (P<0.05) decreased in contaminated compared with purified islets. Exocrine tissue contamination was further associated with marked leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction within the grafts' postcapillary venules, which finally resulted in six of nine animals in an overwhelming unspecific inflammation of the transplantation site with successive loss of the islet transplants.

A:
0
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