Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[EX Q]: Despite evidence supporting the importance of breastfeeding to child health, breastfeeding practices remain suboptimal in Vietnam. There is currently little evidence on the importance of breastfeeding in the prevention of morbidity during infancy in Vietnam. In order to provide country specific data for policy makers to support breastfeeding friendly policies and programs, analysis was undertaken on a cross-sectional dataset to investigate the association between breastfeeding practices and prevalence of diarrhea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) among infants aged 0-5 months.', 'Data on socio-demographic characteristics, infant feeding practices and prevalence of diarrhea and ARI were obtained from 6,068 mother-child dyads in 11 provinces of Vietnam in 2011. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the associations between breastfeeding practices and child illnesses.', 'On average, the prevalence of diarrhea and ARI among infants 0-5 months was 5.3% and 24.5%, respectively. Though half of all infants were breastfed within one hour of birth, 73.3% were given prelacteal foods in the first three days after birth. Only 20.2% of children 0-5 months old were exclusively breastfed, while 32.4% were predominantly breastfed and 47.4% partially breastfed. After adjusting for confounders, early initiation of breastfeeding was associated with lower prevalence of diarrhea [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)\u2009=\u20090.74 (95% CI 0.58, 0.93)], while prelacteal feeding was associated with higher prevalence [AOR\u2009=\u20091.53 (95% CI 1.15, 2.03)]. Compared to infants who were exclusively breastfed, infants who were predominantly [AOR\u2009=\u20091.52 (95% CI 1.05, 2.21)] or partially breastfed [AOR\u2009=\u20091.55 (95% CI 1.07, 2.24)] were more likely to have diarrhea. Prelacteal feeding [AOR\u2009=\u20091.16 (95% CI 1.01, 1.33)] and partial breastfeeding [AOR relative to exclusive breastfeeding\u2009=\u20091.24 (95% CI 1.03, 1.48)] were associated with higher prevalence of ARI. While the protective effects of exclusive breastfeeding against diarrhea declined with child age, this effect for ARI appears to have remained constant.
[EX A]: 0

[EX Q]: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is commonly seen in the field of renal surgery or transplantation, is a major cause of acute renal failure (ARF). The ischemic ARF in diabetic rats is much more severe than that in the normal rats exposed to as same ischemic time. Ischemic post-conditioning (IPO) is a phenomenon by which intermittent interruptions of blood flow in the early phase of reperfusion can protect organs from I/R injury. To determine whether the renal protection effect of IPO mediates by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in diabetic rats.', 'Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group, I/R group, and IPO group. Except sham operation group, rats were subjected to 30\u2009min of renal ischemia, both with and without treatment with IPO, then reperfusion 24\u2009h. Light microscope and transmission electronic microscope were used to observe structural changes of renal tubule. RT-PCR was used to measure TLR4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression level, renal TLR4 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) protein expression was detected by Western blot.', 'The results demonstrated that IPO markedly decreased renal ischemic injury caused by I/R and inhibited the proinflammatory expression levels of TLR4, TNF-α, and NF-κB, all of which up-regulated by I/R in diabetic rats.
[EX A]: 0

[EX Q]: Many patients require temporary inotropic support after cardiac surgery, and dobutamine is one of the commonly used drugs for this purpose. However, dobutamine infusion is frequently associated with unwanted sinus tachycardia. Selective sinus node electrical vagal stimulation through a discrete epicardial ganglionic plexus (fat pad) approach can achieve sinus rate slowing. Because sinus node fat pad vagal stimulation (SNFP-VS) can easily be applied during or after cardiac surgery, we hypothesized that combining selective SNFP-VS with dobutamine could produce desired hemodynamic improvement while avoiding sinus tachycardia in patients when inotropic drug support is needed.', 'This exploratory experimental study was performed in 7 open-chest dogs. Dobutamine (2.5 to 10 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was infused at a rate producing at least 30% increase in sinus rate and cardiac output. Then electrical SNFP-VS was applied in the epicardial ganglionic plexus located at the right pulmonary vein-atrial junction, to slow the sinus rate back to control level. Hemodynamic data during control, with steady-state dobutamine infusion, and with dobutamine plus SNFP-VS were collected and compared.', 'Dobutamine significantly increased heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, peak left ventricular systolic pressure, positive and negative maximal derivatives of left ventricular pressure, and cardiac output. Combining SNFP-VS with dobutamine eliminated sinus rate increase while preserving all major hemodynamic benefits. Selective SNFP-VS itself had no direct effect on cardiac contractility during atrial pacing.
[EX A]:
0