Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: Recently, the Arg389Gly beta1-adrenoceptor (beta1AR) gene polymorphism has been detected. The Arg variant exhibited increased responsiveness to agonist-induced stimulation in vitro. Functional studies in isolated human atrial muscle strips and in-vivo studies revealed contradictory results regarding the functional relevance of this polymorphism. We sought to characterize the functional consequences of the Arg389Gly beta1-AR polymorphism in 30 consecutive healthy male volunteers in vivo.', 'beta1-AR genotype was determined by PCR and restriction analysis, which was confirmed by DNA sequencing. We compared heart rate, blood pressure, and contractile response of the various genotype carriers with a modified dobutamine stress echocardiography protocol.', 'Subjects homozygous for the Arg389 beta1AR showed a significantly higher increase in fractional shortening upon cumulative doses of dobutamine as compared to subjects carrying one or two copies of the Gly389 allele. A statistically significant difference was observed at a dobutamine dose of 10 microg/kg/min (46.5 +/- 1.3 vs. 41.8 +/- 1.0 %; P = 0.023) and was maximal at 40 microg/kg/min (61.9 +/- 1.4 vs. 52.8 +/- 1.6; P = 0.001). As a result, the systolic blood pressure response to dobutamine was significantly enhanced in individuals homozygous for the Arg389 allele, whereas the effect on heart rate did not differ between the two groups. Normalization for changing afterload conditions by calculating the pressure-dimension ratio revealed similar effects, indicating that the beta1AR-mediated effects are mainly a result of increased myocardial inotropy.
Answer: These data indicate that the Arg389Gly beta1AR polymorphism is functionally relevant in vivo and determines contractile responsiveness to catecholamines in humans.

Answer: Does the Arg389Gly beta1-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism determine contractile response to catecholamines?


Question: Context: Apicomplexan parasites actively release transmembrane (TM) adhesive proteins involved in host cell attachment and invasion. Rhomboids, a family of intramembrane serine proteases, cleave these secreted adhesive proteins within their TM domains as an essential step in completing the invasion process. In Cryptosporidium parvum, the activity of rhomboids in cleaving microneme proteins (MICs) has not been reported. In the present study, the interaction between C. parvum rhomboids (CpROM1 and CpROM4) and C. parvum microneme proteins (CpGP900 and CpTRAP-C1) was investigated using yeast two-hybrid assay and co-immunoprecipitation assays.', 'Our study demonstrated that CpROM1 protein could interact with CpGP900 protein in co-transformed AH109 yeasts. Analysis of these proteins in co-transfected mammalian cells showed that the cleavage product of the CpGP900 protein was detected in the co-transfected cells. As control, CpGP900 only was transfected into cells and no cleavage was observed. The results suggested that CpGP900 protein was the substrate of CpROM1. Moreover, CpROM1 and CpROM4 could not cleave CpTRAP-C1 protein, which is the substrate of T. gondii rhomboid 2.
Answer: Our results showed that CpROM1 is an active protease that is involved in microneme protein CpGP900 cleavage, which lay the foundation for further research on the mechanisms of C. parvum invasion.

Answer: Does cryptosporidium parvum rhomboid1 have an activity in microneme protein CpGP900 cleavage?


Question: Context: Cognitive remediation (CR) aims primarily to improve cognition and functional outcomes. However, a limited number of studies reported a positive effect on symptoms. This limited effect may be because the symptom clusters considered are too broad and heterogeneous. This study explores, for the first time, the effect of CR on five empirically defined symptom dimensions of schizophrenia.', 'Participants were patients with schizophrenia taking part in a randomised controlled trial comparing CR plus treatment as usual (CR, N=43) to treatment as usual (TAU, N=42). All participants were assessed at baseline and 14-weeks (i.e. at the conclusion of treatment for the CR group) with the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS). Five symptom dimensions were derived from the PANSS scores: Positive (POS), Negative (NEG), Disorganised (DIS), Excited (EXC) and Emotional Distressed (EMD).', 'After CR, the therapy group had a significant reduction in DIS and NEG symptom dimensions compared to the TAU group. The traditional PANSS factors showed no effect of CR on symptoms.
Answer: CR can have not only a positive effect on disorganisation but also on negative symptoms. Using detailed symptom dimensions can characterise more accurately the effect of CR on symptom of schizophrenia.

Answer:
Is it all in the factors : effects of cognitive remediation on symptom dimensions?