Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is associated with persistent air flow limitation and accelerated FEV(1) decline. AHR can influence diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. We assessed the value of pulmonary function variables, symptoms, and history as selection criteria for methacholine bronchoprovocation testing to detect AHR in symptomatic subjects.', 'Over a 4-year period we conducted a prospective study of consecutive subjects who underwent methacholine bronchoprovocation testing. Baseline pulmonary function testing (PFT) and a questionnaire were obtained prior to methacholine bronchoprovocation testing. PFT and symptom and history variables were assessed as AHR predictors in univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses for the whole group and for 4 different age groups.', 'There were 530 subjects, with ages ranging from 5 to 87 years, and 232 (44%) were positive for methacholine AHR. AHR was more prevalent among subjects < or = 25 years old (59%) and > 65 years old (47%) than among the other age groups. PFT values, symptom, and history variables had different AHR predictive values among the different age groups. Symptom and history variables had no AHR predictive value among subjects < or = 25 or > 65 years old.

A: 1
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Q: Intracellular pathogens have developed elaborate strategies for silent infection of preferred host cells. Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common pathogen in acute infections of the respiratory tract (e.g. pneumonia) and associated with chronic lung sequelae in adults and children. Within the lung, alveolar macrophages and polymorph nuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the first line of defense against bacteria, but also preferred host phagocytes of chlamydiae.', 'We could show that C. pneumoniae easily infect and hide inside neutrophil granulocytes until these cells become apoptotic and are subsequently taken up by macrophages. C. pneumoniae infection of macrophages via apoptotic PMN results in enhanced replicative activity of chlamydiae when compared to direct infection of macrophages, which results in persistence of the pathogen. Inhibition of the apoptotic recognition of C. pneumoniae infected PMN using PS- masking Annexin A5 significantly lowered the transmission of chlamydial infection to macrophages. Transfer of apoptotic C. pneumoniae infected PMN to macrophages resulted in an increased TGF-ss production, whereas direct infection of macrophages with chlamydiae was characterized by an enhanced TNF-alpha response.

A: 0
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Q: MicroRNA-361-5p (miR-361-5p) has been reported to be tumor suppressor in colorectal, gastric and prostate cancer, but as an oncogene in cervical cancer. No previous research has focused on the expression of miR-361-5p and its exact prognostic role in breast cancer (BC).', 'In this study, a tissue microarray (TMA)-based miRNA detection in situ hybridization (ISH) with LNA probe was used to detect miR-361-5p expression in 375 BC tissue. The expression level of miR-361-5p in BC and its potential prognostic value was investigated.', 'Positive miR-361-5p staining was observed in 78.7% (N=295; 78.7% positive, 21.3% negative) in the 375 cases. The clinical outcome of patients with positive miR-361-5p expression [median disease-free survival (DFS) time 95.52 months] was significantly better than that of patients (median DFS time 82.33 months) with negative miR-361-5p expression (P=0.002). Moreover, the prognostic value of miR-361-5p was most significant among patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) for DFS (P=0.004).

A:
0
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