In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Q: first, the plaintiff must establish ""a prima facie case of retaliation.""

A: non-overruling
****
Q: see luton, 272 or app at 490-91.

A: non-overruling
****
Q: we conclude that these decisions were erroneous and must be overturned, but that tracts of land granted by the board that have been improved or filled are, to the degree hereinafter described, free of the public trust.

A:
overruling
****