In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Electronic Warfare Capabilities 
Enhancement Act of 2016''.

SEC. 2. FIELDING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM WARFARE SYSTEMS AND 
              ELECTRONIC WARFARE CAPABILITIES.

    Funds authorized to be appropriated for electromagnetic spectrum 
warfare systems and electronic warfare may be used for the development 
and fielding of electromagnetic spectrum warfare systems and electronic 
warfare capabilities.

SEC. 3. INCLUSION OF ELECTRONIC WARFARE PROGRAMS IN THE RAPID 
              ACQUISITION AUTHORITY PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Section 806(c)(1) of the Bob Stump National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107-314; 10 
U.S.C. 2302 note) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph:
            ``(D)(i) In the case of any supplies and associated support 
        services that, as determined in writing by the Secretary of 
        Defense without delegation, are urgently needed to eliminate a 
        deficiency in electronic warfare that if left unfilled is 
        likely to result in critical mission failure, the loss of life, 
        property destruction, or economic effects, the Secretary may 
        use the procedures developed under this section in order to 
        accomplish the rapid acquisition and deployment of needed 
        offensive or defensive electronic warfare capabilities, 
        supplies, and associated support services.
            ``(ii) The Secretary of Defense shall ensure, to the extent 
        practicable, that for the purposes of electronic warfare 
        acquisition, the Department of Defense shall consider use of 
        the following procedures:
                    ``(I) The rapid acquisition authority provided 
                under this section.
                    ``(II) Use of other transactions authority provided 
                under section 2371 of title 10, United States Code.
                    ``(III) The acquisition of commercial items using 
                simplified acquisition procedures.
                    ``(IV) The authority for procurement for 
                experimental purposes provided under section 2373 of 
                title 10, United States Code.
            ``(iii) In this subparagraph, the term `electronic warfare' 
        means military action involving the use of electromagnetic and 
        directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to 
        attack the enemy, and includes electromagnetic spectrum 
        warfare, which encompasses military communications and sensing 
        operations that occur in the electromagnetic operational 
        domain.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--Section 2373 of title 10, United States 
Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``and aeronautical 
        supplies'' and inserting ``, aeronautical supplies, and 
        electronic warfare''; and
            (2) by adding at the end of the following new subsection:
    ``(c) Electronic Warfare Defined.--The term `electronic warfare' 
means military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed 
energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy, 
and includes electromagnetic spectrum warfare, which encompasses 
military communications and sensing operations that occur in the 
electromagnetic operational domain.''.

SEC. 4. AUTHORITY TO WAIVE THE JOINT REQUIREMENTS OVERSIGHT COUNCIL 
              (JROC) FOR CERTAIN ELECTRONIC WARFARE PROGRAMS.

    (a) Alternate Review.--The Secretary of Defense shall delegate to 
the Office of the Secretary of Defense's senior electronic warfare 
executive the authority to review and validate all Joint Capabilities 
Integration and Development System documents for electronic warfare 
acquisition programs notwithstanding section 181 of title 10, United 
States Code.
    (b) JROC Appeal.--The Joint Requirements Oversight Council may 
appeal to the Office of the Secretary of Defense to review any program 
through the normal Joint Capabilities Integration and Development 
System process.

SEC. 5. ELECTRONIC WARFARE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE REPORTS TO CONGRESS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 270 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Electronic Warfare Executive Committee shall 
submit to the congressional defense committees a strategic plan with 
measurable and timely objectives to achieve its mission according to 
the following metrics:
            (1) Progress on intra-service ground and air 
        interoperabilities.
            (2) Progress in streamlining the requirements, acquisition, 
        and budget process to further a rapid electronic warfare 
        acquisition process.
            (3) The efficiency and effectiveness of the acquisition 
        process for priority electronic warfare items.
            (4) The training methods and requirements of the military 
        services for training in contested electronic warfare 
        environments.
            (5) Capability gaps with respect to near-peer adversaries 
        identified pursuant to a capability gap assessment.
            (6) A joint strategy on achieving near real-time system 
        adaption to rapidly advancing modern digital electronics.
            (7) Progress on increasing innovative electromagnetic 
        spectrum warfighting methods and operational concepts that 
        provide advantages within the electromagnetic spectrum 
        operational domain.
    (b) Congressional Defense Committees Defined.--In this section, the 
term ``congressional defense committees'' means--
            (1) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the Senate; and
            (2) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on 
        Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
[EX A]: Electronic Warfare Capabilities Enhancement Act of 2016 This bill permits the use of appropriations authorized for electromagnetic spectrum warfare systems and electronic warfare in order to develop and field electromagnetic spectrum warfare systems and electronic warfare capabilities.  The Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 is amended to include electronic warfare programs in the rapid acquisition authority program. Electronic warfare is military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy, and includes electromagnetic spectrum warfare, which encompasses military communications and sensing operations that occur in the electromagnetic operational domain. The Department of Defense shall delegate to the senior electronic warfare executive the authority to review and validate all Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System documents for electronic warfare acquisition programs. The Electronic Warfare Executive Committee shall submit to the congressional defense committees a strategic plan with measurable and timely objectives to achieve its mission according to specified metrics.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Sex Crime Re-Entry EvaluatioN 
(SCREEN) Act of 2010''.

SEC. 2. SENTENCE OF SPECIAL CONFINEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF SEXUAL 
              PREDATION AUTHORIZED.

    Section 3551(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended as 
follows:
            (1) in paragraph (2) by striking ``or'';
            (2) in paragraph (3) by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; or'';
            (3) inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) in the case of certain offenses, a term of special 
        confinement for the prevention of sexual predation as 
        authorized by subchapter E.''; and
            (4) adding after ``in addition to any other sentence.'' the 
        following: ``A sentence to a term of special confinement for 
        the prevention of sexual predation may be imposed in addition 
        to a sentence to a term of imprisonment.''.

SEC. 3. SENTENCE OF SPECIAL CONFINEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF SEXUAL 
              PREDATION.

    Chapter 227 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:

   ``SUBCHAPTER E--SPECIAL CONFINEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF SEXUAL 
                               PREDATION

``3587a. Sentence of special confinement for the prevention of sexual 
                            predation.
``3587b. Effect of finality of judgment.
``3587c. Right to hearing.
``3587d. Hearings to determine status as a sexually dangerous person.
``3587e. Commencement of sentence.
``3587f. Definitions.
``3587g. Implementation of a sentence of special confinement for the 
                            prevention of sexual predation.
``Sec. 3587a. Sentence of special confinement for the prevention of 
              sexual predation
    ``(a) In General.--The court may sentence to a term of special 
confinement for the prevention of sexual predation a defendant who--
            ``(1) has been found guilty of a qualifying offense; and
            ``(2) has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment for that 
        qualifying offense.
    ``(b) Qualifying Offenses.--For purposes of this section, a 
qualifying offense is any of the following:
            ``(1) An offense under section 2241.
            ``(2) An offense under section 2242.
            ``(3) An offense under section 2245.
            ``(4) An offense under section 2251(e).
    ``(c) Authorized Terms.--The authorized term of special confinement 
for the prevention of sexual predation is for the duration of the 
defendant's life.
``Sec. 3587b. Effect of finality of judgment
    ``Notwithstanding the fact that a sentence to a term of special 
confinement for the prevention of sexual predation can subsequently 
be--
            ``(1) corrected under rule 35 of the Federal Rules of 
        Criminal Procedure and section 3742; or
            ``(2) appealed and modified under section 3742;
 a judgment of conviction that includes such a sentence constitutes a 
final judgment for all other purposes.
``Sec. 3587c. Right to hearing
    ``The defendant shall have the right to a hearing to determine 
whether the defendant is a sexually dangerous person. That hearing 
shall be conducted not earlier than 180 days before the scheduled 
release of the defendant from the custody of the Bureau of Prisons 
after the term of imprisonment.
``Sec. 3587d. Hearings to determine status as a sexually dangerous 
              person
    ``(a) In General.--Any hearing to determine whether a person 
sentenced to a term of special confinement for the prevention of sexual 
predation is a sexually dangerous person for purposes of this 
subchapter or subchapter D of chapter 229 shall be conducted as 
provided under this section.
    ``(b) Disposition.--If the person establishes by clear and 
convincing evidence that the person is not a sexually dangerous person, 
the court shall set aside or terminate a sentence to a term of special 
confinement for the prevention of sexual predation and order the 
release of the person as soon as possible after the date that the 
person is released from the custody of the Bureau of Prisones after a 
term of imprisonment.
    ``(c) Examination and Report.--In conducting a hearing under this 
section, the court shall order an examination of the defendant by a 
licensed psychologist or psychiatrist to determine whether the person 
is a sexually dangerous person and a report on the results of that 
examination.
    ``(d) Rights of Person.--
            ``(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a hearing under 
        this section shall be conducted in same manner as a hearing 
        under section 4247(d).
            ``(2) The person shall have the right to have the issue of 
        whether that person is a sexually dangerous person determined 
        by a jury impanelled pursuant to chapter 121 of title 28, 
        United States Code.
    ``(e) Role of the Government.--In a hearing under this section, the 
attorney for the Government may present evidence, subpoena witnesses, 
and confront and cross-examine witnesses.
``Sec. 3587e. Commencement of sentence
    ``A sentence to a term of special confinement for the prevention of 
sexual predation commences on the date that the defendant is released 
from the custody of the Bureau of Prisons after a term of imprisonment.
``Sec. 3587f. Definitions
    ``(a) In General.--Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, 
terms used in this subchapter have the meanings given such terms in 
section 4247.
    ``(b) Sexually Dangerous Person.--For purposes of this subchapter, 
the term `sexually dangerous person' means an individual who has been 
convicted of a sexual offense that includes violent conduct as an 
element of the offense, and who suffers from a mental, behavioral, or 
emotional disorder affecting the emotional or volitional capacity which 
predisposes that individual toward engaging in violent sexual acts to a 
degree constituting such individual a menace to the health and safety 
of others.
``Sec. 3587g. Implementation of a sentence of special confinement for 
              the prevention of sexual predation
    ``The implementation of a sentence of special confinement for the 
prevention of sexual predation is governed by the provisions of 
subchapter D of chapter 229.''.

SEC. 4. POSTSENTENCE ADMINISTRATION.

    Chapter 229 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:

   ``SUBCHAPTER D--SPECIAL CONFINEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF SEXUAL 
                               PREDATION

``3631. Special confinement for the prevention of sexual predation.
``3632. Annual hearings.
``3633. Definitions.
``Sec. 3631. Special confinement for the prevention of sexual predation
    ``(a) In General.--A person who has been sentenced to a term of 
special confinement for the prevention of sexual predation pursuant to 
the provisions of subchapter E of chapter 227 shall be treated as 
provided under subsection (b). The person shall be committed to the 
custody of the Attorney General until--
            ``(1) the expiration of the term imposed;
            ``(2) the earlier release of the person pursuant to a 
        hearing under section 3587d; or
            ``(3) the transfer of that person to the custody of a State 
        pursuant to subsection (c).
    ``(b) Placement in a Suitable Facility.--If no State assumes 
custody and responsibility of the defendant under subsection (c), the 
Attorney General shall place the defendant in a suitable facility for 
treatment.
    ``(c) State Custody.--If the State in which the person was 
domiciled or tried will assume custody of the person and responsibility 
for carrying out the sentence of special confinement for the prevention 
of sexual predation in a manner consistent with the conditions 
described in section 3632, the Attorney General shall commit the 
defendant to the custody of that State. The Attorney General shall make 
every reasonable effort to cause that State to assume such custody and 
responsibility.
``Sec. 3632. Annual hearings
    ``(a) Commenced by Confined Person.--The confined person has the 
right to not more than one hearing under section 3587d to determine 
whether the confined person is a sexually dangerous person for each 
year that person is confined.
    ``(b) Commenced by Supervisor Certification.--Not more than once 
each year, the supervisor of the facility in which the confined person 
is confined may commence a hearing under section 3587d to determine 
whether the confined person is a sexually dangerous person by filing 
with the court a certificate stating that the supervisor believes that 
person is not a sexually dangerous person.
``Sec. 3633. Definitions
    ``Terms used in this subchapter have the same meanings as terms 
under subchapter E of chapter 227.''.

SEC. 5. SENTENCE OF SPECIAL CONFINEMENT FOR THE PREVENTION OF SEXUAL 
              PREDATION IMPOSED FOR CERTAIN OFFENSES.

    (a) Aggravated Sexual Abuse.--Section 2241 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Additional Punishment.--Whoever commits an offense under this 
section and is sentenced to a term of imprisonment shall, in addition, 
be punished by special confinement for the prevention of sexual 
predation for life.''.
    (b) Sexual Abuse.--Section 2242 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following: ``Whoever commits an 
offense under this section and is sentenced to a term of imprisonment 
shall, in addition, be punished by special confinement for the 
prevention of sexual predation for life.''.
    (c) Offenses Resulting in Death.--Section 2245(a) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
``Whoever commits an offense under this section and is sentenced to a 
term of imprisonment shall, in addition, be punished by special 
confinement for the prevention of sexual predation for life.''.
    (d) Sexual Exploitation of Children.--Section 2251(e) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
``Whoever commits an offense under this section and is sentenced to a 
term of imprisonment shall, in addition, be punished by special 
confinement for the prevention of sexual predation for life.''.
[EX A]: Sex Crime Re-Entry EvaluatioN (SCREEN) Act of 2010 - Amends the federal criminal code to allow a court to impose on a defendant who has been convicted of a serious sex crime, including aggravated sexual abuse, sex-related murder, and sexual exploitation of children, a term of special confinement, in addition to the sentence for the underlying crime, to prevent sexual predation. Authorizes the term of such confinement to be the life of the defendant. Allows such defendant the right to one hearing per year after confinement to determine whether such defendant is a sexually dangerous person.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Air Force Science and Technology for 
the 21st Century Act of 2001''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) The development of science and technology has been a 
        core mission of the Air Force since its inception as an 
        independent service.
            (2) From fiscal year 1989 to fiscal year 2001, spending on 
        Air Force science and technology programs dropped 
        significantly, from $2,720,000,000 to $1,460,000,000 when 
        measured in constant fiscal year 2001 dollars and from 2.2 
        percent to 1.7 percent when measured as a percentage of the 
        total obligational authority of the Air Force.
            (3) In recent years, the focus of Air Force science and 
        technology has shifted to include a smaller percentage of long-
        term, revolutionary projects with the promise of significant 
        payoff and a higher percentage of short-term projects with the 
        possibility only of incremental technology advances.
            (4) The steep decline over the last decade in spending on 
        Air Force science and technology programs and the absence of 
        long-term science and technology planning are the result of 
        factors including:
                    (A) The Air Force organization has not included, at 
                a sufficiently high level, a single official with clear 
                responsibility for advocating the development of 
                science and technology.
                    (B) The science and technology program has had 
                inadequate visibility at the highest levels of Air 
                Force decisionmaking.
                    (C) The Air Force does not have a planning process 
                that clearly links long-term warfighting requirements 
                with planning for science and technology development 
                within the budget planning process.
                    (D) The methodologies used to determine the overall 
                budgetary requirements for Air Force science and 
                technology programs and to prioritize among those 
                programs are ineffective.
            (5) The decline in Air Force science and technology 
        development will likely diminish national security in the 
        future, because important technologies may be unavailable to be 
        incorporated into weapon systems.
            (6) In recent years, Congress has made efforts to reverse 
        the decline in Air Force science and technology development by 
        appropriating greater amounts for such development than 
        requested in the budget submitted by the President.
            (7) The Air Force is in the process of making fundamental 
        changes in how it makes budgetary and nonbudgetary policy 
        decisions with respect to its science and technology 
        development programs and how it carries out those programs.
            (8) The Air Force has made a significant effort over the 
        past two years to increase the emphasis on science and 
        technology development by senior-level decisionmakers through 
        the use of science and technology summits, applied technology 
        councils, and a new advocacy process for science and 
        technology.
            (9) The Secretary of the Air Force has designated the 
        commander of the Air Force Materiel Command with the grade of 
        general as the budget advocate for science and technology 
        programs.
            (10) The Secretary of the Air Force has implemented a new 
        planning process for science and technology development that is 
        linked to the Air Force Strategic Plan.
            (11) The Air Force is, in a good faith effort, conducting a 
        comprehensive review of the long-term challenges and short-term 
        objectives of the Air Force science and technology programs, as 
        specified in section 252 of the Floyd D. Spence National 
        Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (as enacted by 
        Public Law 106-398; 114 Stat. 1654A-46).
            (12) Despite the recent Air Force efforts, additional 
        measures are needed to ensure that advocacy for Air Force 
        science and technology development is at its highest and that 
        planning and technology investment prioritization is at its 
        best.

SEC. 3. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
Secretary of the Air Force should carry out each of the following:
            (1) Continue and improve efforts to ensure that--
                    (A) the Air Force science and technology community 
                is represented, and the recommendations of that 
                community are considered, at all levels of program 
                planning and budgetary decisionmaking within the Air 
                Force;
                    (B) advocacy for science and technology development 
                is institutionalized across all levels of Air Force 
                management in a manner that is not dependent on 
                individuals; and
                    (C) the value of Air Force science and technology 
                development is made increasingly apparent to the 
                warfighters, by linking the needs of those warfighters 
                with decisions on science and technology development.
            (2) Complete and adopt the policy directive that provides 
        for changes in how the Air Force makes budgetary and 
        nonbudgetary decisions with respect to its science and 
        technology development programs and how it carries out those 
        programs.
            (3) At least once every five years, conduct a review of the 
        long-term challenges and short-term objectives of the Air Force 
        science and technology programs that is consistent with the 
        review specified in section 252 of the Floyd D. Spence National 
        Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (as enacted by 
        Public Law 106-398; 114 Stat. 1654A-46).
            (4) Ensure that development and science and technology 
        planning and investment activities are carried out for future 
        space warfighting systems and for future nonspace warfighting 
        systems in an integrated manner.
    (b) Reinstatement of Development Planning.--(1) The Secretary of 
the Air Force shall reinstate and implement a revised development 
planning process that provides for each of the following:
            (A) Coordinating the needs of Air Force warfighters with 
        decisions on science and technology development.
            (B) Giving input into the establishment of priorities among 
        science and technology programs.
            (C) Analyzing Air Force capability options for the 
        allocation of Air Force resources.
            (D) Developing concepts for technology, warfighting 
        systems, and operations with which the Air Force can achieve 
        its critical future goals.
            (E) Evaluating concepts for systems and operations that 
        leverage technology across Air Force organizational boundaries.
            (F) Ensuring that a ``system-of-systems'' approach is used 
        in carrying out the various Air Force capability planning 
        exercises.
            (G) Utilizing existing analysis capabilities within the Air 
        Force product centers in a collaborative and integrated manner.
    (2) Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of the Air Force shall submit to Congress a report 
on the implementation of the planning process required by paragraph 
(1).
    (3) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out paragraph 
(1) $20,000,000 for each fiscal year beginning with fiscal year 2002.

SEC. 4. STUDY AND REPORT ON EFFECTIVENESS OF AIR FORCE SCIENCE AND 
              TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM CHANGES.

    (a) Requirement.--The Secretary of the Air Force, in cooperation 
with the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, 
shall carry out a study to determine how the changes to the Air Force 
science and technology program implemented during the past two years 
affect the future capabilities of the Air Force.
    (b) Matters Studied.--(1) The study shall independently review and 
assess whether such changes as a whole are sufficient to ensure the 
following:
            (A) The concerns about the management of the science and 
        technology program that have been raised by the Congress, the 
        Defense Science Board, the Air Force Science Advisory Board, 
        and the Air Force Association have been adequately addressed.
            (B) Appropriate and sufficient technology is available to 
        ensure the military superiority of the United States and 
        counter future high-risk threats.
            (C) The science and technology investments are balanced to 
        meet the near-, mid-, and long-term needs of the Air Force.
            (D) Technologies are made available that can be used to 
        respond flexibly and quickly to a wide range of future threats.
            (E) The Air Force organizational structure provides for a 
        sufficiently senior level, effective advocate of science and 
        technology to ensure an on-going presence of the science and 
        technology community during the budget and planning process.
    (2) In addition, the study shall independently assess the specific 
changes as follows:
            (A) Whether the biannual science and technology summits 
        provide sufficient visibility into, and understanding and 
        appreciation of, the value of the science and technology 
        program to the senior level of Air Force budget and policy 
        decisionmakers.
            (B) Whether the Applied Technology Councils are effective 
        in contributing the input of all levels beneath the senior 
        leadership into the coordination, focus, and content of the 
        science and technology program.
            (C) Whether the designation of the Commander of the Air 
        Force Materiel Command as the science and technology budget 
        advocate is effective to assure that an adequate budget top 
        line is set.
            (D) Whether the revised development planning process is 
        effective to aid in the coordination of the needs of the Air 
        Force warfighters with decisions on science and technology 
        investments and the establishment of priorities among different 
        science and technology programs.
            (E) Whether the implementation of section 252 of the Floyd 
        D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
        2001 (as enacted into law by Public Law 106-398; 114 Stat. 
        1654A-46) is effective to identify the basis for the 
        appropriate science and technology program top line and 
        investment portfolio.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date on which the 
study required by subsection (a) is completed, the Secretary of the Air 
Force shall submit to Congress the results of the study.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $950,000.

SEC. 5. GRADE OF DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY.

    It is the sense of Congress that the Deputy Assistant Secretary of 
the Air Force, Science, Technology, and Engineering, shall be paid at 
the highest rate of basic pay payable for a member of the Senior 
Executive Service.
[EX A]:
Air Force Science and Technology for the 21st Century Act of 2001 - Expresses the sense of Congress that the Secretary of the Air Force should: (1) continue and improve efforts to ensure the advocacy of science and technology within the Air Force budgetary decisionmaking process; (2) complete and adopt policy directives for changes in Air Force science and technology budgetary and nonbudgetary decisions; (3) review the long-term challenges and short-term objectives of Air Force science and technology programs; and (4) ensure that development and science and technology planning and investment activities are carried out for future space warfighting systems and future nonspace warfighting systems.Directs the Secretary to: (1) reinstate and implement a revised Air Force science and technology development planning process; and (2) carry out a study to determine how changes to the Air Force science and technology program implemented during the past two years affect future Air Force capabilities.Expresses the sense of Congress that the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, Science, Technology, and Engineering shall be paid at the highest rate of basic pay for a member of the Senior Executive Service.