Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Deep wound infections pose an increasing problem in cardiac surgery patients. Prospective infection monitoring is thus a means of identifying possible risk factors.', 'Within a period of 5 months, a total of 376 adult patients, 260 men and 116 women, with a mean age of 62.6 years (range 18-88), underwent coronary bypass grafting (n=281) or other cardiac surgery procedures (n=95). Nasal cultures were taken preoperatively from every patient, as well as cultures of the wound during surgery and when dressings were changed thereafter. In addition, nasal cultures were taken from all the medical and nursing staff. To differentiate endogenous and exogenous infection pathways, DNA fingerprint analysis was performed.', "A total of 38 patients (10.1%) developed a wound infection, in 14 patients this happened to be a deep wound infection, in 24 patients a superficial one. Five sternal wound infections were associated with mediastinitis (1.3%). The occurrence of a wound infection overall resulted in prolonged hospitalization (29.4+/-24 vs. 11.9+/-6.9 days, P=0.001), but not in increased hospital mortality (4.4% vs. 3.9%). Obesity, diabetes mellitus and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus proved to be independent risk factors with an odds ratio of 2.07, 2.26 and 2.28, respectively. In all but one of the sternal colonizations with S. aureus, DNA fingerprint analysis demonstrated an identical pattern of S. aureus from the patient's nose and sternum, indicating an endogenous infection pathway.

Ex Output:
Is the endogenous pathway a major route for deep sternal wound infection?


Ex Input:
To compare the safety and success of a retrograde approach using a microcatheter vs. a sheath in the treatment of superficial femoral artery (SFA) chronic total occlusions (CTOs).', 'From April 2007 to December 2012, 188 consecutive patients underwent EVT for 229 de novo SFA CTOs using the retrograde approach in 68 patients (35 men; mean age 72 years). This cohort was divided into cases performed with a 4-F or 6-F sheath (n=28, 36 limbs) and those with a 2.1-F microcatheter (n=35, 49 limbs). The primary outcomes were mean time to hemostasis and number of intra- and postoperative puncture site complications, as well as the success of popliteal artery puncture, lesion crossing, and reperfusion.', 'There were no significant differences between two groups in baseline characteristics. PA puncture was successful in all limbs, and the success in crossing the lesion with the wire was not significantly different (91.9% in the sheath group vs. 89.8% in the microcatheter group). Mean time to hemostasis was 8.9±8.8 minutes in the microcatheter group vs. 47.7±13 minutes in the sheath group (p<0.0001). There was a significant difference in intraoperative and postoperative complications (22.2% in the sheath group vs. 2.0% in the microcatheter group, p=0.002).

Ex Output:
Is a sheathless retrograde approach via the popliteal artery useful and safe for treating chronic total occlusions in the superficial femoral artery?


Ex Input:
Fragility fractures are a major health care problem worldwide. Both hip and non-hip fractures are associated with excess mortality in the years following the fracture. Residents of long-term nursing homes represent a special high-risk group for poor outcomes. Orthogeriatric co-management models of care have shown in multiple studies to have medical as well as economic advantages, but their impact on this high-risk group has not been well studied.', 'We studied the outcome of long-term care residents with hip and non-hip fractures admitted to a geriatric fracture center.', 'The study design is a single center, prospective cohort study at a level-I trauma center in Austria running a geriatric fracture center. The cohort included all fragility fracture patients aged over 70 admitted from a long-term care residence from May 2009 to November 2011. The data set consisted of 265 patients; the mean age was 86.8\xa0±\xa06.7\xa0years, and 80\xa0% were female. The mean follow-up after the index fracture was 789\xa0days, with a range from 1 to 1842\xa0days. Basic clinical and demographic data were collected at hospital admission. Functional status and mobility were assessed during follow-up at 3, 6, and 12\xa0months. Additional outcome data regarding readmissions for new fractures were obtained from the hospital information database; mortality was crosschecked with the death registry from the governmental institute of epidemiology.', '187 (70.6\xa0%) patients died during the follow-up period, with 78 patients (29.4\xa0%) dying in the first year. The mean life expectancy after the index fracture was 527 (±431) days. Differences in mortality rates between hip and non-hip fracture patients were not statistically significant. Compared to reported mortality rates in the literature, hip fracture patients in this orthogeriatric-comanaged cohort had a significantly reduced one-year mortality [OR of 0.57 (95\xa0% CI 0.31-0.85)]. After adjustment for confounders, only older age (OR 1.091; p\xa0=\xa00.013; CI 1.019-1.169) and a lower Parker Mobility Scale (PMS) (OR 0.737; p\xa0=\xa00.022; CI 0.568-0.957) remained as independent predictors. During follow-up, 62 patients (23.4\xa0%) sustained at least one subsequent fracture, and 10 patients (3.4\xa0%) experienced multiple fractures; 29 patients (10.9\xa0%) experienced an additional fracture within the first year. Nearly, half (47.1\xa0%) regained their pre-fracture mobility based on the PMS.

Ex Output:

Does orthogeriatric co-management improve the outcome of long-term care residents with fragility fractures?