Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Autonomic dysfunction has previously been described in primary biliary cirrhosis patients. In nonhepatic diseases, fatigue is associated with autonomic dysfunction and impaired baroreflex sensitivity. Here, we investigate the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction using highly sensitive detection modalities and its relationship with fatigue in both noncirrhotic and cirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis patients.', 'Autonomic reflex tests were performed, using continuous blood pressure and electrocardiograph measurement in 47 primary biliary cirrhosis patients and age and sex-matched controls. Fatigue was measured using the primary biliary cirrhosis-40.', 'In all, 100% of precirrhotic and 81% of cirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis patients exhibited autonomic dysfunction. Valsalva ratio and 30 : 15 ratio (measures of parasympathetic autonomic dysfunction) were significantly lower in primary biliary cirrhosis patients than in controls (valsalva ratio: 1.42 vs. 1.57; P=0.01, 30 : 15: 1.1 vs. 1.2; P=0.01). Blood pressure drop on standing (sympathetic autonomic dysfunction) was greater in the primary biliary cirrhosis group (31+/-22 vs. 23+/-15 mmHg; P=0.03). Valsalva phase IV size was similar between primary biliary cirrhosis patients and controls, however, time to phase IV was significantly longer (P=0.01), suggesting adrenergic failure. Increasing fatigue was associated with impaired baroreflex sensitivity and an earlier, bigger phase IV (sympathetic overactivity). No significant differences were seen, between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients.

A: Does autonomic dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis correlate with fatigue severity?
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Q: The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene is located within the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex region, exhibiting the -308 GA promoter region polymorphism and six microsatellites (TNFa-f) spanning the region nearby the TNF locus.', 'In the present study, we evaluated the frequency of -308 GA and TNFa-e polymorphisms and respective haplotypes (in chromosomal sequence: TNFd-TNFe-308GA-TNFc-TNFa-TNFb), in 222 patients with AIDS, 52 of whom exhibited cytomegalovirus retinitis, and in 202 healthy HIV-negative individuals.', 'TNF microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism typings were performed by PCR followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.', 'The TNF-308A allele and the 4-3-G-2-7-1 haplotype were associated with susceptibility to AIDS, whereas the TNFb4 allele and the 3-3-G-1-11-4 haplotype were associated with protection against AIDS development. The TNFc2 allele and the 4-1-G-2-2-1 haplotype, which contains the TNFc2 allele, were associated with cytomegalovirus retinitis.

A: Are tumor necrosis factor region polymorphisms associated with AIDS and with cytomegalovirus retinitis?
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Q: We have previously reported that polymorphism in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene is associated with pre-eclampsia and birthweight based on case-control association studies involving two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). We extended that work to investigate other SNP in the EGF gene for their association with pre-eclampsia and the weight of babies at birth.', 'A population-based DNA collection was genotyped to determine whether the selected SNP were polymorphic in the study population. In total, 175 women with pre-eclampsia and 171 matched normotensive controls were genotyped for the polymorphic SNP using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism and MassARRAY Sequenom iPLEX methodology.', 'The rs3756261A, rs4444903G, rs2237051G haplotype was associated with the highest increased risk of pre-eclampsia (odds ratio: 3.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.38-9.94; P = 0.016). The rs3756261A allele was the one that contributed to this high degree of significance. The same allele was present in the haplotype rs3756261A, rs11568943G, rs2237051G, rs11569017A, rs4698803T (likelihood ratio statistic = 20.4671, d.f. = 3, P-value = 0.0001), which was associated with the lower birthweight.

A:
Is polymorphism in the epidermal growth factor gene associated with pre-eclampsia and low birthweight?
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