Adverse drug reactions are appreciably harmful or unpleasant reactions resulting from an intervention related to the use of medical products, which predicts hazard from future administration and warrants prevention or specific treatment, or alteration of the dosage regimen, or withdrawal of the product. Given medical case reports extracted from MEDLINE, the task is to classify whether the case report mentions the presence of any adverse drug reaction. Classify your answers into non-adverse drug event and adverse drug event.
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Question: In the second patient, acute renal failure necessitated hemodialysis.

Answer: non-adverse drug event


Question: We report on a patient with renal artery stenosis who had only 1 kidney and in whom acute renal impairment developed with transient anuria after the administration of captopril.

Answer: adverse drug event


Question: While the mechanism of dextran-associated renal failure remains unsolved, plasma exchange seems to be effective therapy.

Answer:
adverse drug event