In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Fracturing Regulations are Effective 
in State Hands Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds that--
            (1) hydraulic fracturing is a commercially viable practice 
        that has been used in the United States for more than 60 years 
        in more than 1,000,000 wells;
            (2) the Ground Water Protection Council, a national 
        association of State water regulators that is considered to be 
        a leading groundwater protection organization in the United 
        States, released a report entitled ``State Oil and Natural Gas 
        Regulations Designed to Protect Water Resources'' and dated May 
        2009 finding that the ``current State regulation of oil and gas 
        activities is environmentally proactive and preventive'';
            (3) that report also concluded that ``[a]ll oil and gas 
        producing States have regulations which are designed to provide 
        protection for water resources'';
            (4) a 2004 study by the Environmental Protection Agency, 
        entitled ``Evaluation of Impacts to Underground Sources of 
        Drinking Water by Hydraulic Fracturing of Coalbed Methane 
        Reservoirs'', found no evidence of drinking water wells 
        contaminated by fracture fluid from the fracked formation;
            (5) a 2009 report by the Ground Water Protection Council, 
        entitled ``State Oil and Natural Gas Regulations Designed to 
        Protect Water Resources'', found a ``lack of evidence'' that 
        hydraulic fracturing conducted in both deep and shallow 
        formations presents a risk of endangerment to ground water;
            (6) a January 2009 resolution by the Interstate Oil and Gas 
        Compact Commission stated ``The states, who regulate 
        production, have comprehensive laws and regulations to ensure 
        operations are safe and to protect drinking water. States have 
        found no verified cases of groundwater contamination associated 
        with hydraulic fracturing.'';
            (7) on May 24, 2011, before the Oversight and Government 
        Reform Committee of the House of Representatives, Lisa Jackson, 
        the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, 
        testified that she was ``not aware of any proven case where the 
        fracking process itself has affected water'';
            (8) in 2011, Bureau of Land Management Director Bob Abbey 
        stated, ``We have not seen evidence of any adverse effect as a 
        result of the use of the chemicals that are part of that 
        fracking technology.'';
            (9)(A) activities relating to hydraulic fracturing (such as 
        surface discharges, wastewater disposal, and air emissions) are 
        already regulated at the Federal level under a variety of 
        environmental statutes, including portions of--
                    (i) the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 
                U.S.C. 1251 et seq.);
                    (ii) the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300f et 
                seq.); and
                    (iii) the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.); 
                but
            (B) Congress has continually elected not to include the 
        hydraulic fracturing process in the underground injection 
        control program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 
        300f et seq.);
            (10) in 2011, the Secretary of the Interior announced the 
        intention to promulgate new Federal regulations governing 
        hydraulic fracturing on Federal land;
            (11) a February 2012 study by the Energy Institute at the 
        University of Texas at Austin, entitled ``Fact-Based Regulation 
        for Environmental Protection in Shale Gas Development'', found 
        that ``[n]o evidence of chemicals from hydraulic fracturing 
        fluid has been found in aquifers as a result of fracturing 
        operations''; and
            (12) on October 1, 2014, the Ground Water Protection 
        Council and State Oil and Gas Regulatory Exchange released a 
        report entitled ``State Oil and Gas Regulations Designed to 
        Protect Water Resources'' that describes the cutting edge of 
        State-based oil and gas regulations, concluding that ``In step 
        with dramatic industry growth over the past five years, states 
        have substantially improved groundwater protection laws and 
        regulations governing oil and natural gas production.''.

SEC. 3. DEFINITION OF FEDERAL LAND.

    In this Act, the term ``Federal land'' means--
            (1) public lands (as defined in section 103 of the Federal 
        Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1702));
            (2) National Forest System land;
            (3) land under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of 
        Reclamation; and
            (4) land under the jurisdiction of the Corps of Engineers.

SEC. 4. STATE AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--A State shall have the sole authority to 
promulgate or enforce any regulation, guidance, or permit requirement 
regarding the treatment of a well by the application of fluids under 
pressure to which propping agents may be added for the expressly 
designed purpose of initiating or propagating fractures in a target 
geologic formation in order to enhance production of oil, natural gas, 
or geothermal production activities on or under any land within the 
boundaries of the State.
    (b) Federal Land.--The treatment of a well by the application of 
fluids under pressure to which propping agents may be added for the 
expressly designed purpose of initiating or propagating fractures in a 
target geologic formation in order to enhance production of oil, 
natural gas, or geothermal production activities on Federal land shall 
be subject to the law of the State in which the land is located.

Answer: Fracturing Regulations are Effective in State Hands Act  This bill gives states the sole authority to promulgate or enforce any regulation, guidance, or permit requirement regarding hydraulic fracturing on or under any land within their boundaries. Hydraulic fracturing or fracking is a process to extract underground resources such as oil or gas from a geologic formation by injecting water, a propping agent (e.g., sand), and chemical additives into a well under enough pressure to fracture the geological formation. Hydraulic fracturing on federal land must comply with the law of the state in which the land is located.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Budget Surplus Dividend Act of 
1997''.

SEC. 2. 50 PERCENT OF FEDERAL BUDGET SURPLUS TO REIMBURSE EMPLOYERS AND 
              EMPLOYEES FOR A PORTION OF THEIR SOCIAL SECURITY TAXES.

    (a) In General.--Subpart C of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to refundable credits) 
is amended by redesignating section 35 as section 36 and by inserting 
after section 34 the following new section:

``SEC. 35. CREDIT FOR PORTION OF SOCIAL SECURITY TAXES.

    ``(a) Allowance of Credit.--In the case of a taxable year to which 
this section applies, there shall be allowed as a credit against the 
tax imposed by this subtitle for the taxable year an amount equal to 
the applicable percentage of the taxpayer's social security taxes for 
the taxable year.
    ``(b) Taxable Years to Which Section Applies.--This section shall 
apply to any taxable year beginning in the first calendar year 
beginning after a fiscal year if there is a Federal budget surplus for 
such fiscal year of more than $1,000,000,000.
    ``(c) Applicable Percentage.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `applicable percentage' means--
                    ``(A) the base percentage with respect to so much 
                of the taxpayer's social security taxes as does not 
                exceed $3,000, and
                    ``(B) the phasedown percentage with respect to so 
                much of the taxpayer's social security taxes as exceeds 
                $3,000.
            ``(2) Base percentage.--The term `base percentage' means, 
        for taxable years beginning in a calendar year, the percentage 
        which the Secretary estimates will result in a reduction of 
        revenues to the Treasury by reason of this section for such 
        taxable year equal to 50 percent of the Federal budget surplus 
        for the most recent fiscal year ending before such calendar 
        year. Proper adjustments shall be made in the percentage 
        determined under the preceding sentence with respect to any 
        subsequent fiscal year to the extent that prior estimates were 
        in excess of or less than the proper percentage.
            ``(3) Phasedown percentage.--The term `phasedown 
        percentage' means the base percentage reduced (but not below 
        zero) by the number of percentage points which bears the same 
        ratio to the base percentage as--
                    ``(A) the excess of the taxpayer's social security 
                taxes over $3,000 bears to
                    ``(B) the excess of the maximum social security 
                taxes over $3,000.
            ``(4) Maximum social security taxes.--The term `maximum 
        social security taxes' means the amount which would be the 
        social security taxes of the taxpayer if the amount on which 
        such taxes are determined were equal to the maximum amount of 
        remuneration which may be taken into account under section 
        3101(a).
            ``(5) Special rules.--
                    ``(A) Dollar limitations on per employee basis.--
                The dollar limitations in paragraphs (1) and (3) shall 
                be applied on a per employee basis.
                    ``(B) Self-employed individuals.--Paragraphs (1) 
                and (3) shall be applied by substituting `$6,000' for 
                `$3,000' each place it appears in the case of the taxes 
                referred to in subparagraph (C) or (D) of subsection 
                (d)(1).
    ``(d) Social Security Taxes.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `social security taxes' means, 
        with respect to any taxpayer for any taxable year--
                    ``(A) the taxes imposed by sections 3101 and 
                3201(a) (relating to taxes on employees) on amounts 
                received by the taxpayer during the calendar year in 
                which the taxable year begins,
                    ``(B) the taxes imposed by sections 3111 and 
                3221(a) (relating to taxes on employers) on amounts 
                paid by the taxpayer during the calendar year in which 
                the taxable year begins,
                    ``(C) the taxes imposed by section 1401 on the 
                self-employment income of the taxpayer for the taxable 
                year, and
                    ``(D) the taxes imposed by section 3211(a)(1) on 
                amounts received by the taxpayer during the calendar 
                year in which the taxable year begins.
            ``(2) Coordination with special refund of social security 
        taxes.--The term `social security taxes' shall not include any 
        taxes to the extent the taxpayer is entitled to a special 
        refund of such taxes under section 6413(c).
            ``(3) Special rule.--Any amounts paid pursuant to an 
        agreement under section 3121(l) (relating to agreements entered 
        into by American employers with respect to foreign affiliates) 
        which are equivalent to the taxes referred to in paragraph 
        (1)(A) shall be treated as taxes referred to in such 
        paragraph.''
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for subpart C of 
part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by 
striking the item relating to section 35 and inserting the following:

                              ``Sec. 35. Credit for portion of social 
                                        security taxes.
                              ``Sec. 36. Overpayments of tax.''
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997.

SEC. 3. APPROPRIATION TO USE 25 PERCENT OF FEDERAL BUDGET SURPLUS TO 
              REDUCE OUTSTANDING PUBLIC DEBT.

    There is hereby appropriated for the first fiscal year following 
each fiscal year for which there is a Federal budget surplus an amount 
equal to 25 percent of such surplus for purpose of paying at maturity, 
or to redeem or buy before maturity, obligations of the Government 
included in the public debt. An obligation of the Government that is 
paid, redeemed, or bought with funds appropriated by the preceding 
sentence shall be canceled and retired and may not be reissued.

SEC. 4. USE 25 PERCENT OF FEDERAL BUDGET SURPLUS TO INCREASE NONDEFENSE 
              DISCRETIONARY SPENDING LIMITS.

    For the first fiscal year following each fiscal year for which 
there is a Federal budget surplus, the Director of the Office of 
Management and Budget shall increase (on a pro rata basis between the 
applicable nondefense categories for that fiscal year) the 
discretionary spending limit for new budget authority under section 
251(c) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 
by an amount equal to 25 percent of such surplus and shall adjust the 
outlays flowing from that budget authority accordingly.

Answer: Budget Surplus Dividend Act of 1997 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allocate credits to taxpayers for social security taxes, during any year in which there is a Federal budget surplus of more than $1 billion, so as to utilize 50 percent of such surplus.  Requires that, during any such year, the remainder of such surplus shall be split and used to:  (1) reduce the outstanding public debt; and (2) increase nondefense discretionary spending limits.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``United States Commission on an Open 
Society with Security Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds that--
            (1) an open society which affords free access to public 
        facilities and spaces and which protects the right to engage in 
        open discussion is an essential premise of American 
        governmental institutions and democratic values;
            (2) the United States is currently facing a challenge to 
        the safety and security of the public, public employees, and 
        public facilities and spaces that is unique in the history of 
        this Nation;
            (3) to meet this challenge without eroding or harming any 
        of the basic tenets of the Republic and of our democracy, this 
        Nation needs to assemble the best thinking available; and
            (4) a commission of experts from a broad base of 
        disciplines and backgrounds is necessary to examine all the 
        factors that should be considered in securing public safety 
        from terrorist attacks while maintaining the highest level of 
        free and open access to the public.

SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMISSION.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established a commission to be known 
as the ``United States Commission on an Open Society with Security'' 
(in this Act referred to as the ``Commission'').
    (b) Composition.--The Commission shall be composed of 21 members 
appointed by the President from among individuals representing such 
fields or groups as the following: architecture, technology, civil 
libertarians, humanists, members of the armed forces, Federal 
Government employees, city planners, business leaders, lawyers, 
artists, public building security, engineers, philosophers, historians, 
sociologists, and psychologists. The President shall designate one of 
those members to be the Chairperson of the Commission.
    (c) Terms; Quorum; Meetings; Vacancies.--Members shall be appointed 
for the life of the Commission. Nine members of the Commission shall 
constitute a quorum, but a lesser number may hold hearings. After its 
initial meeting, the Commission shall meet at the call of the 
Chairperson of the Commission or a majority of its members. Any vacancy 
in the Commission shall not affect its powers and shall be filled in 
the same manner as the original appointment.
    (d) Appointments; Initial Meeting.--
            (1) Appointments.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
        members of the Commission should be appointed by not later than 
        90 days after the date of enactment of this Act.
            (2) Initial meeting.--If, after 90 days following the date 
        of enactment of this Act, 9 or more members of the Commission 
        have been appointed, the members who have been appointed may 
        meet, and the Chairperson shall have the authority to begin the 
        operations of the Commission, including the hiring of staff.

SEC. 4. FUNCTIONS OF COMMISSION.

    (a) In General.--The Commission shall study and make findings and 
recommendations relating to the question of how the Government of the 
United States may provide, in a balanced manner, for both security in 
and public access to Federal buildings and other Federal property and 
sites.
    (b) Matters To Be Examined.--In carrying out this Act, the 
Commission shall specifically examine matters that relate to the 
security of, and open access to, public facilities and spaces, 
including--
            (1) Federal, other governmental, and private security 
        practices and proposals, building design, public space 
        management, counterterrorism needs, and refurbishment of 
        existing Federal facilities;
            (2) the effect of access to public facilities and spaces 
        on--
                    (A) maintenance of security and safety;
                    (B) free speech, the right to petition the 
                Government, and other constitutional rights and civil 
                liberties;
                    (C) economies of affected jurisdictions or parts 
                thereof;
                    (D) physical changes and architectural aesthetics 
                of affected areas;
                    (E) traffic and congestion; and
                    (F) job performance of employees within the 
                affected facilities;
            (3) current and potential uses of technology to augment or 
        replace traditional modes of security;
            (4) practices of and comparisons with other entities and 
        nations; and
            (5) current and potential analytical methods of assessing 
        the risks posed by the various forms of terrorism, balanced 
        against the specific needs and values of open access.
    (c) Coordination of Activities.--The Commission shall take 
appropriate measures to avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts 
previously or currently being undertaken by any other person or entity.

SEC. 5. POWERS OF COMMISSION.

    (a) In General.--The Commission or, on the authorization of the 
Commission, any member or agent of the Commission may hold such 
hearings, sit and act at such times and places, take such testimony, 
and receive such evidence as the Commission considers appropriate to 
carry out this Act.
    (b) Obtaining Official Information.--The Commission may secure 
directly from any department, agency, or other entity of the United 
States information necessary to enable it to carry out this Act. Upon 
request of the Chairperson of the Commission, the head of such 
governmental entity shall furnish, to the extent authorized by law, 
such information to the Commission.
    (c) Security.--
            (1) Security clearances.--The members and staff of the 
        Commission shall hold, as a condition of appointment to or 
        employment with the Commission, appropriate security clearances 
        for access to the classified briefing, records, and materials 
        to be reviewed by the Commission or its staff and shall follow 
        the guidance and practices on security under applicable 
        Executive orders and agency directives.
            (2) Conditions to granting access.--The head of an agency 
        shall require, as a condition of granting access to a member of 
        the Commission or a member of the staff of the Commission to 
        classified records or materials of the agency under this Act, 
        require the member to--
                    (A) execute an agreement regarding the security of 
                such records or materials that is approved by the head 
                of the agency; and
                    (B) hold an appropriate security clearance granted 
                or recognized under the standard procedures and 
                eligibility criteria of the agency, including any 
                special access approval required for access to such 
                records or materials.
            (3) Restriction on use.--The members of the Commission and 
        the members of the staff of the Commission may not use any 
        information acquired in the course of their official activities 
        on the Commission for nonofficial purposes.
            (4) Need to know.--For purposes of any law or regulation 
        governing access to classified information that pertains to the 
        national security of the United States and to facilitate the 
        advisory functions of the Commission under this Act, a member 
        of the Commission or a member of the staff of the Commission 
        seeking access to a record or material under this Act shall be 
        deemed for purposes of this subsection to have a need to know 
        the contents of the record or material.
            (5) Rule of construction.--A reference in this subsection 
        to the ``staff of the Commission'' includes individuals 
        described in sections 6(d) and 6(e).
    (d) Mails.--The Commission may use the United States mails in the 
same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and 
agencies of the United States.
    (e) Gifts.--The Commission may accept, use, and dispose of gifts or 
donations of services or property.
    (f) Administrative Support Services.--The Administrator of General 
Services shall provide to the Commission, on a reimbursable basis, such 
administrative support services as the Commission may request.

SEC. 6. PERSONNEL MATTERS.

    (a) Compensation of Members.--Members of the Commission shall not 
be compensated by reason of their service on the Commission.
    (b) Travel Expenses.--The members of the Commission shall be 
allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at 
rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of 
chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, while away from their homes 
or regular places of business in the performance of services for the 
Commission.
    (c) Staff.--Subject to such rules as the Commission may prescribe, 
the Chairperson of the Commission, without regard to the provisions of 
title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive 
service, and without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and 
subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title (relating to classification 
and General Schedule pay rates), may appoint and fix the pay of a staff 
director and such other personnel as may be necessary to enable the 
Commission to carry out its functions; except that no rate of pay fixed 
under this subsection may exceed the maximum rate of basic pay payable 
for GS-15 of the General Schedule.
    (d) Staff of Federal Agencies.--Upon request of the Chairperson of 
the Commission, the head of any department or agency of the United 
States may detail, on a nonreimbursable basis, any of the personnel of 
that department or agency to the Commission to assist it in carrying 
out its functions under this Act.
    (e) Experts and Consultants.--With the approval of the Commission, 
the Chairperson of the Commission may procure temporary and 
intermittent services under section 3109(b) of title 5, United States 
Code, at rates for individuals not to exceed the daily equivalent of 
the maximum rate of basic pay payable for GS-15 of the General 
Schedule.

SEC. 7. REPORT.

    (a) Submission to the President.--The Commission shall transmit its 
final report to the President not later than 2 years after the initial 
meeting of the Commission. Such report shall contain a detailed 
statement of the findings and conclusions of the Commission, together 
with its recommendations for such legislative, administrative, or other 
action as the Commission considers appropriate.
    (b) Submission to the Congress.--Not later than 6 months after 
receiving the final report of the Commission under subsection (a), the 
President shall transmit such report to Congress, together with any 
comments or recommendations (including any proposed legislation) which 
the President considers appropriate.

SEC. 8. TERMINATION OF COMMISSION.

    The Commission shall terminate on the 90th day after the date on 
which the Commission is required to submit its final report under 
section 7(a).

SEC. 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act--
            (1) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
            (2) $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2010.

Answer:
United States Commission on an Open Society with Security Act - Establishes the United States Commission on an Open Society with Security to study how the government may provide for both security in, and public access to, federal buildings and other federal property and sites.