instruction:
In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).
question:
Context: The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard. The President of the United States is the military's overall head, and helps form military policy with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), a federal executive department, acting as the principal organ by which military policy is carried out.
From the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of national unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War and the Second Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force. It played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a large standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold War's onset, created the modern U.S. military framework; the Act merged previously Cabinet-level Department of War and the Department of the Navy into the National Military Establishment (renamed the Department of Defense in 1949), headed by the Secretary of Defense; and created the Department of the Air Force and National Security Council., The United States of America has seven federal uniformed services that commission officers as defined by Title 10, and subsequently structured and organized by Title 10, Title 14, Title 32 and Title 42 of the United States Code., The University of Iowa (also known as the UI, U of I, UIowa, or simply Iowa) is a flagship public research university in Iowa City, Iowa. Founded in 1847, Iowa is the oldest university in the state. The University of Iowa is organized into eleven colleges offering more than 200 areas of study and seven professional degrees., Officer Candidate School or Officer Cadet School (OCS) are institutions which train civilians and enlisted personnel in order for them to gain a commission as officers in the armed forces of a country. How OCS is run differs between countries and services. Typically, Officer Candidates are already Bachelor's Degree holders, has a short duration of training (not more than a year) which focuses primarily on military skills and leadership. This is in contrast with service academies which include academic instruction leading to a bachelor's degree., Power projection (or force projection) is a term used in military and political science to refer to the capacity of a state "to apply all or some of its elements of national power - political, economic, informational, or military - to rapidly and effectively deploy and sustain forces in and from multiple dispersed locations to respond to crises, to contribute to deterrence, and to enhance regional stability.", Ralph Logan Houser ( 1914 -- 2001 ) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps . He was born in Iowa in 1914 and graduated from the University of Iowa when he was 21 . After his graduation he was commissioned as a Marine officer . His pre-war assignments included the command of the Marine detachment on the aircraft carrier USS Lexington as well as a tour at Officer Candidate School in Quantico , VA . During World War II he was assigned to the 3rd Marine Division and participated in the Battle of Bougainville and the Battle of Guam , where he won the Navy Cross for successfully leading his battalion through a series of heavily fortified Japanese positions . Following the war , he trained Army units in amphibious tactics and served tours in Japan and China . He also served at the Pentagon for the Navy Inspector General . Following his retirement from the Marines , he attended George Washington University Law School and practiced in Annandale . He died at his home in Reston , VA on February 1 , 2001 of a heart attack and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery ., A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin "baccalaureus") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin "baccalaureatus") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline). In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed. In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g. MBBS) and some qualifications with non-bachelor's titles may be classified as bachelor's degrees (e.g. the Scottish MA and Canadian MD)., The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for providing power projection, using the mobility of the United States Navy, by Congressional mandate, to deliver rapidly, combined-arms task forces on land, at sea, and in the air. The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the highest-ranking military officer in the U.S. armed forces, is a Marine Corps general., Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, Iowa, United States. It is the only City of Literature in North America, as awarded by UNESCO in 2008. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a total population of about 67,862. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the 2015 population at 74,220, making it the fifth-largest city in the state. Iowa City is the county seat of Johnson County and home to the University of Iowa. Iowa City is adjacent to the town of Coralville and surrounds the town of University Heights, with which it forms a contiguous urban area. Iowa City is the principal city of the Iowa City Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses Johnson County and Washington County and has a population of over 164,000., The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest, most capable navy in the world, with the highest combined battle fleet tonnage. The U.S. Navy has the world's largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, two in the reserve fleet, and three new carriers under construction. The service has 323,792 personnel on active duty and 108,515 in the Navy Reserve. It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 aircraft in active service ., The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council on military matters. The composition of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is defined by statute and consists of the "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff" ("CJCS"), "Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff" ("VCJCS"), and the Military Service Chiefs from the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, all appointed by the President following Senate confirmation. Each of the individual Military Service Chiefs, outside of their Joint Chiefs of Staff obligations, works directly for the Secretary of the Military Department concerned, i.e., Secretary of the Army, Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force., Subject: ralph houser, Relation: place_of_birth, Options: (A) battle (B) iowa (C) iowa city (D) johnson (E) johnson county (F) naval (G) of (H) time (I) united states of america (J) unity (K) university heights (L) washington county
answer:
iowa city


question:
Context: The biological family Canidae  The cat-like feliforms and dog-like caniforms emerged within the Carnivoramorpha 43 million years before present. The caniforms included the fox-like "Leptocyon" genus whose various species existed from 34 million years before present before branching 11.9 million YBP into Vulpini (foxes) and Canini (canines).  Canids are found on all continents except Antarctica, having arrived independently or accompanied human beings over extended periods of time. Canids vary in size from the 2-m-long (6 ft 7 in) gray wolf to the 24-cm-long (9.4 in) fennec fox. The body forms of canids are similar, typically having long muzzles, upright ears, teeth adapted for cracking bones and slicing flesh, long legs, and bushy tails. They are mostly social animals, living together in family units or small groups and behaving cooperatively. Typically, only the dominant pair in a group breeds, and a litter of young is reared annually in an underground den. Canids communicate by scent signals and by vocalizations. They are very intelligent. One canid, the domestic dog, long ago entered into a partnership with humans and today remains one of the most widely kept domestic animals., Roman Stanisaw Dmowski (9 August 1864  2 January 1939) was a Polish politician, statesman, and co-founder and chief ideologue of the right-wing National Democracy ("ND": in Polish, ""Endecja"") political movement. He saw the aggressive Germanization of Polish territories controlled by the German Empire as the major threat to Polish culture and therefore advocated a degree of accommodation with another power that had partitioned Poland, the Russian Empire. He favored the re-establishment of Polish independence by nonviolent means, and supported policies favorable to the Polish middle class. During World War I, in Paris, through his Polish National Committee he was a prominent spokesman, to the Allies, for Polish aspirations. He was a principal figure instrumental in the postwar restoration of Poland's independent existence., National Democracy (also known from its abbreviation ND as "Endecja") was a Polish political movement active from the second half of the 19th century under the foreign partitions of the country until the end of the Second Polish Republic.<ref name="Szukaa/Hall"></ref> It ceased to exist after the Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939. In its long history, National Democracy went through several stages of development. Created with the intention of promoting the fight for Poland's sovereignty against the repressive imperial regimes, the movement acquired its right-wing nationalist character following the return to independence. A founder and principal ideologue was Roman Dmowski. Other ideological fathers of the movement included Zygmunt Balicki and Jan Ludwik Popawski., League and Self - Defense ( Polish : Liga i Samoobrona , LiS -- lis also means fox in Polish ) was the proposed name for a new Polish political grouping which was to arise from an alliance or merger between the left - wing populist Self - Defense of the Republic of Poland ( SORP ) and the national conservative Christian right League of Polish Families ( LPR ) in July 2007 . However , the merger failed to materialise , and LiS did n't go anywhere beyond the stage of a proposal . The decision for the synthesis of the two parties arose following a crisis within Poland 's ruling three party coalition , of the dominant Law and Justice ( PiS ) party , and junior partners SORP and LPR . On 9 July , SORP leader , Andrzej Lepper , was dismissed from his position as Minister for Agriculture following a secret investigation by the Central Anticorruption Bureau ( CBA ) which attempted to link him and his department to corruptive practices . Lepper protested his innocence and claimed to have been the victim of a politically motivated ' sting ' operation , initiated by PM Kaczynski and PiS . He demanded that a parliamentary inquiry be conducted to investigate the legality and motivation of the CBA operation mounted against him . Lepper 's stance drew him support from his own SORP party and the LPR . On 16 July 2007 , a merger of the two parties was announced at a press conference conducted by Lepper and his LPR counterpart , Roman Giertych . The nature of this new ' LiS ' was not made clear , and the leaders could not give any specifics as to whether LiS would take the form of a newly unified party or simply an electoral alliance of two autonomous parties . It was indicated however , that the platform of this new alliance would be mainly eurosceptic and anti-reformist . By early September it was clear that LiS would not arise . The membership of the two parties had not been properly consulted as to their support for this idea , and the merits of the proposition had not been discussed . Many of the members of both groups saw little common ground between the two parties . Furthermore , opinion polls did not necessarily reflect that there was a significant advantage to an alliance . LPR and SORP therefore decided to start independently of each other at the early 21 October legislative elections . LPR joined forces with Real Politics Union and Right of the Republic to form a new alliance called League of the Right of the Republic ( Liga Prawicy Rzeczypospolitej ) ., Mammals are any vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin "mamma" "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles and birds by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones and mammary glands. The sister group of mammals may be the extinct "Haldanodon." The mammals represent the only living Synapsida, which together with the Sauropsida form the Amniota clade. The mammals consist of the Yinotheria including monotrema and the Theriiformes including the theria., The tail is the section at the rear end of an animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso. It is the part of the body that corresponds roughly to the sacrum and coccyx in mammals, reptiles, and birds. While tails are primarily a feature of vertebrates, some invertebrates including scorpions and springtails, as well as snails and slugs, have tail-like appendages that are sometimes referred to as tails. Tailed objects are sometimes referred to as "caudate" and the part of the body associated with or proximal to the tail are given the adjective "caudal"., The domestic dog ("Canis lupus familiaris" or "Canis familiaris") is a member of genus "Canis" (canines) that forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant carnivore. The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa, with modern wolves not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated. The dog was the first domesticated species and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes., Foxes are small-to-medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae. Foxes are slightly smaller than a medium-size domestic dog, with a flattened skull, upright triangular ears, a pointed, slightly upturned snout, and a long bushy tail (or "brush")., A snout is the protruding portion of an animal's face, consisting of its nose, mouth, and jaw. In many animals the equivalent structure is called a muzzle, rostrum or proboscis. The wet, naked surface around the nostrils of the nose of some animals is known as the rhinarium (colloquially this is the "cold wet nose" of some animals). The rhinarium is often associated with a stronger sense of olfaction. The snout is considered a weak point on most animals: because of its structure, an animal can be easily stunned, snapped or even knocked out by applying sufficient force., Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin., Roman Jacek Giertych (born 27 February 1971 in rem, Poland) is a Polish politician; he was Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education until August 2007. He was a member of the Sejm (the lower house of the Polish parliament) from 2001 until October 2007 and the chairman of the League of Polish Families party., Christian right or religious right is a term used mainly in the United States to label right-wing Christian political factions that are characterized by their strong support of socially conservative policies. Christian conservatives principally seek to apply their understanding of the teachings of Christianity to politics and to public policy by proclaiming the value of those teachings or by seeking to use those teachings to influence law and public policy., The League of Polish Families (Polish: "Liga Polskich Rodzin", LPR) is a nationalist conservative political party in Poland, part of the Catholic-National Movement and with many elements of far-right ideology. The party's original ideology was that of the national democracy movement which was headed by Roman Dmowski, however in 2006 its leader Roman Giertych distanced himself from that heritage., Subject: league and self-defense, Relation: instance_of, Options: (A) adjective (B) animal (C) august (D) brain (E) cat (F) century (G) christian (H) city (I) clade (J) class (K) committee (L) country (M) culture (N) democracy (O) dog (P) education (Q) empire (R) exclave (S) family (T) feature (U) february (V) fox (W) genus (X) gray wolf (Y) group (Z) hall ([) human (\) humans (]) ideology (^) instrumental (_) invasion (`) label (a) league (b) member (c) minister (d) mountain (e) name (f) part (g) point (h) political movement (i) political party (j) politics (k) population (l) public (m) region (n) republic (o) restoration (p) saw (q) sense (r) size (s) soviet (t) structure (u) surface (v) term (w) three (x) understanding (y) union (z) war ({) wing (|) world war
answer:
political party


question:
Context: Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection., A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. In geology, areas of continental crust include regions covered with water., Basileuterus is a genus of New World warblers , best represented in Central and South America . This is one of only two warbler genera that are well represented in the latter continent . Some species formerly considered in this genus are now placed in the genus Myiothlypis . It is likely that the ancestors of this genus colonised South America from the family 's heartland in northern Central America even before the two continents were linked , and subsequent speciation provided most of the resident warbler species of that region . These are mainly robust warblers with a stout bill . The majority of species have olive or grey upperparts and yellow underparts . The head is often strikingly marked with a long broad supercilium , a coloured crown or crown stripes , and often other striking head markings . Many species are not well - studied , but those for which the breeding habits are known all build a domed nest on a bank or on the ground , so this is presumably typical of the genus as a whole ., South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil)., The New World warblers or wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds which make up the family Parulidae and are restricted to the New World. They are not closely related to Old World warblers or to Australian warblers. Most are arboreal, but some, like the ovenbird and the two waterthrushes, are primarily terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores., Southern Cone is a geographic region composed of the southernmost areas of South America, south of and around the Tropic of Capricorn. Traditionally, it covers Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and south to the junction between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, which is the closest continental area of Antarctica (1000 km). In terms of social and political geography, the Southern Cone comprises Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Southern Brazil and sometimes Paraguay., Subject: basileuterus, Relation: parent_taxon, Options: (A) area (B) areas (C) argentina (D) parulidae
answer:

parulidae