TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: This philosopher advocated the adoption of a federal system in Considerations on the Government of Poland. He contrasted the natural and physical types of the title concept in his Discourse on Inequality. He also wrote an epistolary novel subtitled The New Heloise, and a treatise dealing with the education of the titular boy, Emile. His most famous work discusses a society controlled by the general will of its people and asserts that man is born free, but is everywhere in chains. For 10 points, name this French philosopher who wrote The Social Contract.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: This god was suckled by a male boar and seawater when he was born at the edge of the Nine  Worlds. In the Lokesenna,  Loki says that this god has a muddy back and this god is also said to be the palest of all the gods. The name Gullintanni refers to this god's golden teeth. This god fathered the  three (*) castes of man when he took the form of Rig. This god retrieves the Brisingamen for Freyja by transforming into a seal and defeating Loki. This god arrives at Baldr's funeral upon his horse Gulltopr  and he wields the sword Hofund. This god is the son of nine mothers and kills and is killed by Loki at  Ragnarok. For 10 points, name this Norse god that sounds his Gjallarhorn to signal Ragnarok, and is the  guardian of Bifrost.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: Created as the territorial endowment of the descendents of Juchi, its capital was originally Sarai Batu, and later Sarai Berke. Its greatest ruler was Oz Beg, and his death in 1341 marked the beginning of its decline. For ten points, what is the better known name of the Kipchak Khanate, the Mongol state centered around the lower Volga river

SOLUTION:
History