Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[Q]: To evaluate manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) and active exercise effects on lymphatic alterations of the upper limb (UL), range of motion (ROM) of shoulder, and scar complications after breast cancer surgery.', 'Clinical trial.', 'Health care center.', 'Women (N=105) undergoing radical breast cancer surgery who were matched for staging, age, and body mass index.', 'Women (n=52) were submitted to MLD and 53 to active exercises for UL for 1 month and followed up.', 'Shoulder ROM, surgical wound inspection and palpation, UL circumference measurements, and lymphoscintigraphy were performed in preoperative and postoperative periods.', 'There was no significant difference between groups with regard to wound healing complications, ROM, and UL circumferences. After surgery, 25 (48.1%) of the MLD group and 19 (35.8%) of the active exercise group showed worsening in radiopharmaceutical uptake velocity, whereas 9 (17.3%) of the MLD group and 11 (20.8%) of the active exercise group showed improved velocity (P=.445). With regard to uptake intensity, 27 (51.9%) of the MLD group and 21 (39.6%) of the active exercise group showed worsening whereas 7 (13.5%) of the MLD group and 7 (13.2%) of the active exercise group showed some improvement (P=.391). The presence of collateral circulation was similar in both groups at both time points evaluated. The active exercise group had a significant increase in postoperative liver absorption (P=.005), and the MLD group had a significant increase in postoperative dermal backflow (P=.024).
[A]: 1


[Q]: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play pivotal roles in tumor progression. MMP-13 (collagenase-3) digests collagen and other extracellular components.', 'Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and zymograph were used to study the roles of MMP-13 during the neoplastic process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).', 'Increase of MMP-13 mRNA and protein expression in OSCC cell lines relative to cultivated normal oral keratinocytes was found. MMP-13 mRNA expression in OSCC was significantly higher than in non-cancerous match tissue (NCMT) in 36 tissue pairs. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma also exhibited high MMP-13 mRNA expression. The percentage of OSCC exhibiting strong MMP-13 immunoreactivity was significantly higher than pre-invasive lesion and NCMT. Treatment with >5 microm epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to OEC-M1 cells suppressed the expression and activity of MMP-13.
[A]: 0


[Q]: Outcome after correction of atrioventricular septal defect depends to a great deal on the postoperative function of the left atrioventricular valve. The related role of the zone of apposition ('cleft') has been debated: should it be closed (bileaflet repair) or should it be left untouched (trileaflet repair)? This study aims to answer the question by comparing the outcome of patients treated according to these two approaches.", "We reviewed all our patients who underwent repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect from 1984 to 1997 and selected those in whom the closure of the zone of apposition in principle would have been possible. Two groups with similar characteristics were constituted: group I (n=63), where the zone of apposition was deliberately not closed as part of a trileaflet repair (postoperative open zone of apposition) and group II (n=96), where it was electively closed as part of a bileaflet AV valve repair (closed zone of apposition). Since we changed from a trileaflet to a bileaflet repair in 1987, the two groups differ in terms of size and length of follow-up. Outcome was compared with regard to survival and freedom from reoperation for left atrioventricular valve incompetence. Late atrioventricular valve function was evaluated by Echo-Doppler. For statistical analysis, we used Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, the Mann-Whitney test and the log-rank test for comparison of Kaplan-Meier curves. The difference was considered statistically significant with a P-value of 0.05 or less.", 'Early mortality was 9.5% (6/63) in group I and 3.1% (3/96) in group II (P=0.16). Actuarial survival after 1, 4 and 8 years was 80.4, 68.4 and 64.8%, respectively, for group I. Actuarial survival for group II was 94.7, 92.1 and 92.1% (P=0.0002). Freedom from reoperation for left atrioventricular valve regurgitation was 90.2, 85.6 and 77.8% for group I at the same time interval. It was a constant 97.9% for group II (P=0.0016). At reoperation, left atrioventricular valve regurgitation was present through the open zone of apposition in 63% of group I cases. The follow-up is 96% (126/131) complete. An increase in degree of left atrioventricular valve incompetence was noted in 28% (11/39) of group I cases and in 9% (8/87) of group II cases (P=0.0131).
[A]:
1