In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Re-stenosis after percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is related to clinical and angiographic features.', 'To describe the clinical and angiographic characteristic of our patients with coronary cardiopathy subjected to PTCA and the predictor factors for re-stenosis.', 'We gathered the clinical and angiographic characteristics of all patients who underwent a successful PTCA of a native coronary artery. All patients had a clinical assessment one year after the procedure. Patients were classified in Group 1, if they did not have angina or coronary events after the angioplasty or Group 2, if they had angina or a coronary event after the procedure. Only Group 2 patients were subjected to a coronary angiogram.', 'We collected 383 PTCA procedures. Follow up information was obtained in 92.2%. Three hundred forty two patients (89.3%) were assessed one year the procedure. Nine patients (2.3%) died of a cardiovascular cause. Ninety patients (26.3%) were classified in Group 2. In 65 patients, angiographic re-stenosis was demonstrated (19%). Re-stenosis occurred in 36 and 13% of patients with an without Diabetes Mellitus, respectively (p <0.01). The other clinical predictor variables were a history of myocardial infarction (p =0.007), obesity (p =0.041) and hypercholesterolemia (p =0.050). None of the angiographic characteristics predicted restenosis. Stents were protective factors against restenosis (15.6% in stented lesions vs 25.4% in nonstented; p =0.01).\Question: Do [ One year follow up of successful coronary angioplasty in non selected patients ]?

Output: Re-stenosis after angioplasty occurred in 19% of our patients with angina or coronary events. The clinical variables associated with a higher risk of re-stenosis were diabetes (the main risk factor), previous myocardial infarction, obesity and hypercholesterolemia. Angiographic variables were not associated with re-stenosis. The use of stents decreases the incidence of re-stenosis in all groups).


Input: Consider Input: Context: Pandemic strains of HIV-1 (group M) encode a total of nine structural (gag, pol, env), regulatory (rev, tat) and accessory (vif, vpr, vpu, nef) genes. However, some subtype A and C viruses exhibit an unusual gene arrangement in which the first exon of rev (rev1) and the vpu gene are placed in the same open reading frame. Although this rev1-vpu gene fusion is present in a considerable fraction of HIV-1 strains, its functional significance is unknown.', 'Examining infectious molecular clones (IMCs) of HIV-1 that encode the rev1-vpu polymorphism, we show that a fusion protein is expressed in infected cells. Due to the splicing pattern of viral mRNA, however, these same IMCs also express a regular Vpu protein, which is produced at much higher levels. To investigate the function of the fusion gene, we characterized isogenic IMC pairs differing only in their ability to express a Rev1-Vpu protein. Analysis in transfected HEK293T and infected CD4+ T cells showed that all of these viruses were equally active in known Vpu functions, such as down-modulation of CD4 or counteraction of tetherin. Furthermore, the polymorphism did not affect Vpu-mediated inhibition of NF-кB activation or Rev-dependent nuclear export of incompletely spliced viral mRNAs. There was also no evidence for enhanced replication of Rev1-Vpu expressing viruses in primary PBMCs or ex vivo infected human lymphoid tissues. Finally, the frequency of HIV-1 quasispecies members that encoded a rev1-vpu fusion gene did not change in HIV-1 infected individuals over time.\Question: Does a Naturally Occurring rev1-vpu Fusion Gene Confer a Fitness Advantage to HIV-1?

Output: Expression of a rev1-vpu fusion gene does not affect regular Rev and Vpu functions or alter HIV-1 replication in primary target cells. Since there is no evidence for increased replication fitness of rev1-vpu encoding viruses, this polymorphism likely emerged in the context of other mutations within and/or outside the rev1-vpu intergenic region, and may have a neutral phenotype.


Input: Consider Input: Context: Normal voiding in neurologically intact patients is triggered by the release of tonic inhibition from suprapontine centers, allowing the pontine micturition center to trigger the voiding reflex. Supraspinal mechanisms of voluntary voiding in humans are just beginning to be described via functional neuroimaging. We further elucidated brain activity processes during voiding using functional magnetic resonance imaging in normal females to gain better understanding of normal voiding as well as changes that may occur in voiding dysfunction.', 'We screened 13 healthy premenopausal female volunteers using baseline clinic urodynamics to document normal voiding parameters. We then recorded brain activity via functional magnetic resonance imaging and simultaneous urodynamics, including the pressure flow voiding phase. After motion correction of functional magnetic resonance images we performed activation and connectivity analyses in 10 subjects.', 'Group analysis revealed consistent activation areas, including regions for motor control (cerebellum, thalamus, caudate, lentiform nucleus, red nucleus, supplementary motor area and post-central gyrus), emotion (anterior/posterior cingulate gyrus and insula), executive function (left superior frontal gyrus) and a focal region in the pons. Connectivity analysis demonstrated strong interconnectivity of the pontine micturition center with many short-range and long-range cortical clusters.\Question: Does functional magnetic resonance imaging during urodynamic testing identify brain structures initiating micturition?


Output: Our study is one of the first reports of brain activation centers associated with micturition initiation in normal healthy females. Results show activation of a brain network consisting of regions for motor control, executive function and emotion processing. Further studies are planned to create and validate a model of brain activity during normal voiding in women.