Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Evidence regarding the mortality rate after administration of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine on patients with underlying diseases is currently scarce. We conducted a case-control study in Japan to compare the mortality rates of patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia after the vaccines were administered and were not administered.', 'Between October 2009 and March 2010, we collected clinical records in Japan and conducted a 1:1 matched case-control study. Patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia who died during this period were considered case patients, and those who survived were considered control patients. We determined and compared the proportion of each group that received the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine and estimated the odds ratio. Finally, we conducted simulations that compensated for the shortcomings of the study associated with adjusted severity of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.', 'The case and control groups each comprised of 75 patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. The proportion of patients who received the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine was 30.7% and 38.7% for the case and control groups, respectively. During that winter, the crude conditional odds ratio of mortality was 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.25-1.47) and the adjusted conditional odds ratio was 1.18 (95% confidence interval, 0.33-4.49); neither was significant. The simulation study showed more accurate conditional odds ratios of 0.63-0.71.

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD), it has often been assumed that an elevation in serum ferritin is likely related to inflammation rather than iron overload.', 'Patients referred with NAFLD were entered into a clinical study of phlebotomy therapy. A liver biopsy with liver iron concentration was done at entry and 6 months after phlebotomy (n = 56) until the patient had a low serum ferritin or developed anemia. Serum ferritin was compared to liver iron concentration, ESR, CRP, BMI and grade of inflammation on liver biopsy.', 'Iron removed by phlebotomy in NAFLD correlated with the decrease in serum ferritin (r = 0.57, p = 0.0014) and liver iron concentration (r = 0.57, p = 0.0013). There was no significant correlations between serum ferritin and ESR, CRP or grade of liver inflammation.

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
Adiponectin has been shown to possess potent anti-oxidative properties in various experimental conditions. However, its anti-oxidative effects and underlying mechanisms have not been reported in liver cells. Herein, we investigated the effects of globular adiponectin (gAcrp) on LPS-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and its mechanisms underlying in human hepatic cells (HepG2).', 'Intracellular ROS production was determined by fluorescence of 5-chloromethyl-2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCFDA). NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS formation was determined by lucigenin-derived chemiluminescence. Messenger RNA expression level of target genes was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and protein expression was measured by Western blot analysis.', 'LPS-induced increase in ROS production was prevented by pretreatment with gAcrp in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, gAcrp treatment suppressed LPS-induced activation of NADPH oxidase and increase in mRNA and protein expression of Nox-4. We also found that adiponectin increased expression of FoxO3A and HO-1 and ablation of either of these genes partially restored suppression of LPS-induced ROS production and NADPH oxidase activation by gAcrp, indicating the vital role of FoxO3A and HO-1 signaling in the inhibition of ROS production and NADPH oxidase activation by gAcrp.

Ex Output:

1