Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[Q]: Environmental ozone can rapidly degrade cyanine 5 (Cy5), a fluorescent dye commonly used in microarray gene expression studies. Cyanine 3 (Cy3) is much less affected by atmospheric ozone. Degradation of the Cy5 signal relative to the Cy3 signal in 2-color microarrays will adversely reduce the Cy5/Cy3 ratio resulting in unreliable microarray data.', 'Ozone in central Arkansas typically ranges between approximately 22 ppb to approximately 46 ppb and can be as high as 60-100 ppb depending upon season, meteorological conditions, and time of day. These levels of ozone are common in many areas of the country during the summer. A carbon filter was installed in the laboratory air handling system to reduce ozone levels in the microarray laboratory. In addition, the airflow was balanced to prevent non-filtered air from entering the laboratory. These modifications reduced the ozone within the microarray laboratory to approximately 2-4 ppb. Data presented here document reductions in Cy5 signal on both in-house produced microarrays and commercial microarrays as a result of exposure to unfiltered air. Comparisons of identically hybridized microarrays exposed to either carbon-filtered or unfiltered air demonstrated the protective effect of carbon-filtration on microarray data as indicated by Cy5 and Cy3 intensities. LOWESS normalization of the data was not able to completely overcome the effect of ozone-induced reduction of Cy5 signal. Experiments were also conducted to examine the effects of high humidity on microarray quality. Modest, but significant, increases in Cy5 and Cy3 signal intensities were observed after 2 or 4 hours at 98-99% humidity compared to 42% humidity.
[A]: 0


[Q]: The extent to which tolerance acquired in one motion environment can be transferred to another has not been fully elucidated. This study compares three provocative motion stimuli and whether tolerance acquired from cross-coupled motion and torso rotation can be transferred to simulated aircraft motion.', "There were 18 healthy subjects (9 men and 9 women), 18-44 yr of age, who were divided into 3 groups. Each group was exposed to the following desensitization procedure in a pseudo-random repeated measures design. In condition D1, subjects were exposed to 4 consecutive days of cross-coupling and on the 5th d they were exposed to simulated aircraft motion. In D2, subjects were exposed to 4 consecutive days of torso rotation and on the 5th day they were exposed to the simulated aircraft motion as in D1. In D3, subjects were exposed to 5 consecutive days of simulated aircraft motion. Based on Graybiel's diagnostic criteria, severity of motion sickness on the 1st and 5th day in D1, D2, and D3 were compared.", 'Cross-coupled motion was the most provocative stimulus followed by torso rotation and simulated aircraft motion. Within each motion stimulus, there was evidence of desensitization (p < 0.001) within 4 d. There were no significant differences in the severity of motion sickness observed on the 5th day regardless of the desensitization stimuli.
[A]: 0


[Q]: Although epirubicin, an anthracycline drug, is widely used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma, its therapeutic efficacy is disappointing. Thus, the efficacy of epirubicin may be improved when combined with other drugs. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of combination of progesterone and epirubicin in the treatment of the human hepatoma cell line HA22T/VGH and the possible mechanisms through which this combination might induce apoptosis.', 'HA22T/VGH cells were treated without or with 25\xa0μM progesterone and/or 0.5\xa0μM epirubicin and analyzed for oxidative stress, redox status, Fas/FasL expression, caspase activity, and apoptosis.', 'HA22T/VGH cells treated with epirubicin increased the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, the expression of Fas, FasL, and Fas-associated death domain, and the activities of caspase-8 and caspase-3. Epirubicin treatment also decreased glutathione resulting in the induction of apoptosis. Treatment with progesterone alone increased nitric oxide production, but it did not affect the other parameters. However, when HA22T/VGH cells were treated with progesterone and epirubicin, the effects of epirubicin were enhanced.
[A]:
0