instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Butyrate has been shown to potently regulate energy expenditure and lipid metabolism in animals, yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of butyrate (in the form of butyrate glycerides, BG)-induced lipid metabolism at the level of gene expression in the jejunum and liver of broilers.', 'Two animal experiments were included in this study. In Experiment 1, two hundred and forty male broiler chickens were equally allocated into two groups: 1) basal diet (BD), 2) BG diets (BD + BG). Growth performance was compared between treatments for the 41-day trial. In Experiment 2, forty male broiler chickens were equally allocated into two groups. The general experimental design, group and management were the same as described in Experiment 1 except for reduced bird numbers and 21-day duration of the trial. Growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipid profiles as well as serum and tissue concentrations of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were compared between treatments. RNA-seq was employed to identify both differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and treatment specifically expressed genes (TSEGs). Functional clustering of DEGs and TSEGs and signaling pathways associated with lipid metabolism were identified using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) and DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7 (DAVID-BR). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were subsequently conducted to further examine the expression of genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway identified by DAVID-BR. Dietary BG intervention significantly reduced abdominal fat ratio (abdominal fat weight/final body weight) in broilers. The decreased fat deposition in BG-fed chickens was in accordance with serum lipid profiles as well as the level of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in the serum, abdominal adipose, jejunum and liver. RNA-seq analysis indicated that dietary BG intervention induced 79 and 205 characterized DEGs in the jejunum and liver, respectively. In addition, 255 and 165 TSEGs were detected in the liver and jejunum of BG-fed group, while 162 and 211 TSEGs genes were observed in the liver and jejunum of BD-fed birds, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis with both IPA and DAVID-BR further revealed a significant enrichment of DEGs and TSEGs in the biological processes for reducing the synthesis, storage, transportation and secretion of lipids in the jejunum, while those in the liver were for enhancing the oxidation of ingested lipids and fatty acids. In particular, transcriptional regulators of THRSP and EGR-1 as well as several DEGs involved in the PPAR-α signaling pathway were significantly induced by dietary BG intervention for lipid catabolism.
answer:
Does transcriptome Analysis reveal Regulation of Gene Expression for Lipid Catabolism in Young Broilers by Butyrate Glycerides?


question:
Complement Factor I (CFI) and the CD46 complement regulator (CD46) play an important role in the complement activation pathways, which is known to affect the development of uveitis. The present study was performed to investigate the association of the CFI and CD46 genes with acute anterior uveitis (AAU).', 'A total of 600 subjects (300 patients with AAU and 300 healthy controls) were recruited for this case-control study. Six CFI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (rs7356506, rs10029485, rs11726949, rs12512308, rs7438961, rs998538) and four CD46 SNPs (rs12138764, rs2466571, rs2796278, rs7545126) were genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY technology. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between patients and controls using the χ(2) test. Analyses were stratified for gender, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27, and ankylosing spondylitis status.', 'Rs7356506 in the CFI gene was found to be protective against AAU. There was a significant increase in the frequency of the A allele (p=0.003, pc=0.03, OR=0.684, CI 0.534 to 0.876) and AA homozygosity (p=0.004, pc=0.04, OR=0.624, CI 0.452 to 0.862) in AAU patients as compared to controls. Stratified analysis, according to gender and HLA-B27 status for AAU, also revealed the association with CFI-rs7356506. None of the tested SNPs of CD46 were associated with AAU.
answer:
Is cFI-rs7356506 a genetic protective factor for acute anterior uveitis in Chinese patients?


question:
Statins have been proposed as a potential treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to their immunomodulatory properties, their role restoring endothelial function and preventing atherosclerosis. We evaluate the effect of a short period treatment with a low dose of atorvastatin and its withdrawal on early stage subclinical atherosclerosis.', 'Thirty-seven SLE females received 20\u2009mg/day atorvastatin during eight weeks. At baseline, at the end of treatment and six months after atorvastatin withdrawal, disease activity, subclinical atherosclerosis -assessed by measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) - and quantification of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) - as a surrogate biological marker of subclinical atherosclerosis - were carried out.', 'The group of SLE patients with baseline pathological arterial stiffness showed a significant decrease of PWV after atorvastatin therapy (8.43\u2009±\u20091.45\u2009m/s vs 7.42\u2009±\u20091.06\u2009m/s; p\u2009=\u20090.002) that is maintained six months after treatment finished. Only patients of the middle-aged group showed a nearly significant decrease in the PWV measured along the study (7.16\u2009±\u20091.23\u2009m/s vs 6.76\u2009±\u20090.82\u2009m/s; p\u2009=\u20090.05). Atorvastatin induced a significant decrease in the circulating EPC percentage (0.65\u2009±\u20090.67 vs 0.40\u2009±\u20090.31; p\u2009=\u20090.023) as well as a downward trend of disease activity that it is observed by a decrease in SLE disease activity index simultaneously with an increase in C3 complement and significant decrease in serum concentration of vascular endothelial grow factor (VEGF) and sVCAM-1.
answer:

Does short-term atorvastatin therapy improve arterial stiffness of middle-aged systemic lupus erythematosus patients with pathological pulse wave velocity?