instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is an active metabolite of curcumin. It has been reported to have similar pharmacological activity to curcumin. The proteases that participate in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation are involved in cancer cell metastasis. The present study investigates the effect of an ultimate metabolite of curcumin, THC, on the invasion and motility of highly-metastatic HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells.', 'The effect of THC on HT1080 cell invasion and migration was determined using Boyden chamber assay. Cell-adhesion assay was used for examining the binding of cells to ECM molecules. Zymography assay was used to analyze the effect of THC on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) secretion from HT1080 cells. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 and membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) proteins levels were analyzed by Western blotting.', 'Treatment with THC reduced HT1080 cell invasion and migration in a dose-dependent manner. THC also decreased the cell adhesion to Matrigel and laminin-coated plates. Analysis by zymography demonstrated that treatment with THC reduced the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, and uPA. THC also inhibited the levels of MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 proteins detected by Western blot analysis.
Answer: Our findings revealed that THC reduced HT1080 cell invasion and migration. The inhibition of cancer cell invasion is associated with the downregulation of ECM degradation enzymes and the inhibition of cell adhesion to ECM proteins.
answer:
Does tetrahydrocurcumin inhibit HT1080 cell migration and invasion via downregulation of MMPs and uPA?


question:
Context: The role of Helicobacter pylori in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is controversial.', 'To compare the severity of GERD in infected vs. non-infected patients, as part of an ongoing randomized controlled trial that examines the impact of H. pylori eradication on GERD-related outcomes.', 'Consecutive GERD patients underwent urea breath testing and completed validated GERD symptom severity, and quality of life questionnaires as well as, 24-h pH-metry. These parameters, as well as demographics and endoscopic findings were assessed in double-blinded fashion and compared between H. pylori-infected and non-infected subjects.', "Helicobacter pylori-infected GERD patients (n=50) were significantly older and less educated than non-infected patients (n=51). They also used proton pump inhibitors less often but had no difference in symptoms (as measured with both the Spechler's Activity Index and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale), quality of life, endoscopic findings or 24-h pH-metry findings.
Answer: This prospective, double-blind study demonstrates, using excellent GERD quantifying measures including validated symptom severity scores, endoscopy, and 24-h pH-metry, that there exist no clinically significant differences in clinical or laboratory-related GERD manifestations between H. pylori-infected and non-infected GERD patients.
answer:
Is there no difference in the disease severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease between patients infected and not infected with Helicobacter pylori?


question:
Context: To investigate the effect of CD40Ig upon acute rejection of rat liver transplants.', 'Thirty-two orthotopic liver transplants were performed using Lewis to BN rats with "the two-cuff technique". The rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group A served as controls (n = 10); group B (n = 11) and group C (n = 11); Lipofectamine2000-pcDNA3.1 or Lipofectamine2000-pcDNA3.1. CD40Ig complex was injected into Lewis portal vein ex vivo before cold storage of the liver. On the fifth day after transplantation, three rats in each group were killed to study the pathological changes and TUNEL immune histochemistry performed to examine CD40Ig expression. Lymphocytes were obtained from the spleen. The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was performed to determine tolerance and sheep anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG)-FITC-labeled T cells counted by flow cytometry. Postoperative survival times of rats in each group were recorded. The pathological changes of dead rats were observed.', 'The mean survival times of group A and B were 11.00 +/- 4.28 and 12.75 +/- 5.57 days, respectively. There were serious acute rejections in allograft liver in groups A and B. Apoptosis index was 33.67 +/- 5.69 versus 39.00 +/- 5.29. Group C mean survival time was 41.25 +/- 13.70 days (P < .01). Immune histochemistry showed CD40Ig-positive elements in the allograft liver, which revealed light acute rejection and apoptosis index was 0.27 +/- 0.21 (P < .01). The part of the allografted liver in a dead rat showed light acute rejection while the others displayed chronic rejection. Recipients were specifically tolerant to donors in the MLR assay. The IgG-FITC-labeled T cells accounted for 11.57% of all T cells in group C.
Answer: CD40Ig transfection inhibited T-cell costimulatory pathway, prevented acute rejection, and prolonged graft survival.
answer:

Does transfection of CD40Ig into liver prevent acute rejection in rat liver transplantation?