In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Input: Consider Input: where the-plaintiff seeks to subject private parties to § 1983 liability by bestowing on them the title of state actors. The instant case does not involve a situation where the State has “ ‘so far insinuated itself into a position of interdependence with the [private party] that it was a joint participant in the enterprise.’ ” Harvey, 949 F.2d at 1131 (quoting NBC ¶. Communications Workers of Am., AFL-CIO, 860 F.2d 1022, 1026 (11th Cir.1988) (citation omitted)). The Eleventh Circuit in Harvey, confronting facts similar to the case at bar and the issue of whether involuntary commitment by private parties may be considered state action, found an insufficient nexus between the defendants, a private hospital and private physicians, and the State. See id.; see also Rockwell, 26 F.3d at 258 (<HOLDING>). The court observed that “[b]oth the Supreme 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that ccmc and its employees were not state actors under either the symbiotic relationship or close nexus test (B) holding that massachusetts statute did not create a sufficiently close nexus between private hospital and the state to warrant labeling private actors state actors (C) holding that foster parents are not state actors (D) holding private actors are not acting under the color of state law for the purposes of section 1983 liability (E) holding that private hospital and physicians who involuntarily committed plaintiff under massachusetts statute were not state actors noting that state regulation even if extensive and receipt of federal funds do not establish state action

Output: holding that ccmc and its employees were not state actors under either the symbiotic relationship or close nexus test


Input: Consider Input: has recently held that a police officer may order passengers out of a vehicle during a traffic stop without violating the passengers’ Fourth Amendment rights. See Maryland v. Wilson, 519 U.S. 408, 415, 117 S.Ct. 882, 137 L.Ed.2d 41 (1997). The Court reasoned that the public interest in protecting an officer’s safety outweighed the minimal intrusion involved in requiring passengers to exit the vehicle. See id. at 413-15, 117 S.Ct. 882. The same rationale applies here. An officer may reasonably conclude that his safety is best protected by having the passengers remain in the vehicle. Further, the intrusion involved with having passengers remain in their vehicle is de minimis — the officer is merely maintaining the status quo. See United States v. Moorefield, 111 F.3d 10, 11 (3d Cir.1997) (<HOLDING>). Defendant Garner refused to comply with 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that an officer making a traffic stop may order passengers to exit the car pending completion of the stop (B) holding that passengers of a vehicle which they did not own had standing to challenge the validity of a traffic stop (C) holding that police officer may order passengers to remain in vehicle with hands up during traffic stop (D) holding police officers making a traffic stop could order passengers out of the stopped car (E) holding that an officer may order a passenger out of a vehicle during a stop for a traffic infraction

Output: holding that an officer making a traffic stop may order passengers to exit the car pending completion of the stop


Input: Consider Input: at 3801 Chestnut. Also found at the residence at the time of Jones’s arrest were three firearms: a semi-automatic .22 pistol loaded with a clip (seized from the dining-room floor), a loaded .357 revolver (seized from a bedroom), and a loaded .38 revolver (seized from the top of a china cabinet in the dining room). All these weapons were found near parts of the residence where drug distributions had occurred. Jones and his cohorts had ready access to these weapons, and even as the police were conducting their search of the residence various individuals seeking to purchase crack cocaine came to the front door with money in their hands. We find that the evidence is not insufficient to support Jones’s § 924(c) conviction. See United States v. Townley, 929 F.2d 365, 368 (8th Cir.1991) (<HOLDING>). Jones also challenges the sufficiency of the 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that evidence is sufficient for  924c conviction where it shows weapons proximity to drugs and its accessibility (B) holding that trading drugs for a gun violates the in furtherance of prong of  924c (C) holding sufficient to support conviction under  924c evidence of loaded firearm recovered from defendants room during execution of search warrant for drugs (D) holding that a large amount of drugs increases the likelihood of weapons (E) holding that where the record shows defendant was represented by counsel and the conviction is valid on its face the defendant is precluded from attempting to undermine the validity of that conviction by collateral attack


Output: holding that trading drugs for a gun violates the in furtherance of prong of  924c