In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
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Question: In topological insulators, one version of this effect gives rise to a defect-resistant current induced by spin-orbit coupling. In graphene, this effect is shifted by one half, giving rise to an anomalous minimum of the relevant quantity, which can allow for ballistic transport. A more complex version of it was discovered in gallium arsenide and can be explained by Laughlin quasiparticles; this is referred to as the fractional version. This effect can be understood in terms of partial filling of Landau levels and has characteristic "plateaus", and it yields numbers called filling factors. Discovered by Klaus von Klitzing when studying a two-dimensional electron gas, for 10 points, identify this effect in which conductivity in a strong magnetic field is quantized.

Answer: Science


Question: In this country, the execution of Auguste Chapdelaine caused France to enter a war that began with this country's seizure of the merchant ship Arrow. A man claiming to be the younger brother of Jesus established the Heavenly Kingdom in this country, which is where the Eight Nation Alliance put down a revolt led by the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists. This country was the site of the Opium Wars and the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions. For 10 points, name this country ruled during the 19th century by the Qing Dynasty.

Answer: History


Question: This man hammered William Stanberry with his hickory cane, an action for which was defended a House trial by Francis Scott Key. The founder of the first school in Tennessee, this man received the Indian name Colleneh, The Raven, from the Cherokee. Heavily wounded in the battle of Horseshoe Bend, he was later a representative from Nacogdoches to the 1833 convention at San Felipe. His most famous military exploit involved the 1836 victory over Santa Anna at San Jacinto. For ten points, identify this first president of the Republic of Texas and namesake of its largest city.

Answer:
History