In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[EX Q]: wachter v. united states, 689 f. supp. 1420, 1422 (d. md. 1988) (applying maryland law); hales v. pittman, 576 p.2d 493, 499 (ariz.
[EX A]: non-overruling

[EX Q]: we disagree with the premise of knowles's argument suggesting that the ptab's claim construction conflicts with mems technology.
[EX A]: non-overruling

[EX Q]: however, determining whether the requirements for class certification are met ""will entail some overlap with the merits of the plaintiff's underlying claim.
[EX A]:
non-overruling