TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
PROBLEM: Context: To determine whether testosterone levels change as women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) grow older.', 'A follow-up cross-sectional study of a cohort of women with PCOS identified up to 20-25 years ago.', 'Women with PCOS were recruited primarily from practice records between 1970 and 1990. Voter registration tapes and household directories were used to identify age-, race-, and neighborhood-matched controls.', 'Eighty-four women with PCOS, 20-57 years of age, and 37 age-matched controls participating in a study of the risk for cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS.', 'Clinical data were collected by questionnaire and fasting blood samples were obtained randomly throughout the menstrual cycle.', 'Total and non-SHBG-bound testosterone levels.', 'Total and non-SHBG-bound testosterone levels were similar in women with PCOS who were 20-42 years of age but were reduced by approximately 50% among women 42-47 years of age and remained stable in women older than 47 years of age. Testosterone levels were increased in younger and older women with PCOS compared with controls but were similar to controls in women 42-47 years of age.\Question: Do serum testosterone levels decrease in middle age in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome?

SOLUTION: Hyperandrogenism partly resolves before menopause in women with PCOS. This change may explain the tendency of women with PCOS to cycle regularly as they grow older. Testosterone levels remain elevated in older women with PCOS, however, and may contribute to their increased risk for cardiovascular disease, endometrial cancer, and other diseases.

PROBLEM: Context: The present study aimed to identify the relationship between glycemic variability (GV) and the 10-y risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with good glycemic control.', 'Two-hundred forty consecutive T2DM patients (HbA1c≤7.0%) without CVD were included to calculate the 10-y CVD risk by Framingham risk score (FRS), and divided into 3 groups: low-risk group (FRS≤10%), intermediate-risk group (>10%, ≤20%) and high-risk group (>20%). Inter-group differences of GV were determined by comparing the SD of blood glucose (SDBG), mean amplitudes of glycemic excursion (MAGE), and mean of daily differences (MODD) gathered from 72-h continuous glucose monitoring system.', 'The levels of SDBG and MAGE significantly increased along with the raises of 10-y CVD risk of T2DM patients (p<0.01). FRS was positively correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, SDBG and MAGE (r=0.717, 0.525, 0.509 and 0.485 respectively, p<0.01), while negatively correlated with the level of HDL-C (r=-0.348, p<0.01). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that increased MAGE [OR: 1.623(1.198-2.316), p<0.001] and patients with high urine albumin excretion rates [OR: 1.743(1.247-2.793), p<0.001] were independent predictors for high 10-y CVD risk.\Question: Is glycemic variability evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring system associated with the 10-y cardiovascular risk of diabetic patients with well-controlled HbA1c?

SOLUTION: GV predicts independently the 10-y CVD risk of T2DM patients with well-controlled HbA1c.

PROBLEM: Context: To determine the role of lymphocyte proliferation assay of synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMC) with whole fraction bacteria in the diagnosis of reactive arthritis (ReA) or arthritis of unknown origin.', 'We stimulated SFMC of 52 unselected patients who consecutively presented in our rheumatology outpatient clinic with the following diagnoses: ReA (n = 8), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 16), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (n = 6), osteoarthritis (OA) (n = 5), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (n = 5) and arthritis of varying origin (AVO) (n = 12) and peripheral blood MC (PBMC) of 10 healthy controls with arthritogenic (Y. entero-colitica, S. enteritidis, C. trachomatis) and non-arthritogenic (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, C. albicans) bacteria/mitogens and Tetanus toxoid. T cell proliferation was measured in a standard [3H] Thymidine uptake assay.', 'In all groups of patients tested, SFMC could be stimulated both by arthritogenic and non-arthritogenic bacteria. So-called specific responses were observed in patients with ReA, but also in RA and AS.\Question: Is synovial fluid lymphocyte proliferation in response to crude microbial antigens useful as a diagnostic test to specifically indicate a bacterial cause of arthritis?

SOLUTION:
Our findings show that a lymphocyte proliferation assay with SFMC with whole fraction bacteria is not an adequate diagnostic tool to confirm bacterial involvement in inflammatory arthritis.