In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[EX Q]: Context: Lactoferrin supplementation suppresses ultraviolet light B (UV-B)-induced oxidation of cultures of human corneal epithelial cells. To investigate the protective effect of lactoferrin containing eyedrops against UV-B-induced corneal damage in vivo, we examined lactoferrin efficacy in a rat UV-B keratitis model.', 'Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated with >10 kJ/m2 after anesthetization, and then corneal epithelial defect was observed at 24 h postirradiation. The pre- or postapplication of vehicle or lactoferrin-containing eyedrops was performed, and then corneal epithelial damage was scored based on fluorescein staining.', 'Posttreatment with lactoferrin did not inhibit the extent of corneal damage and did not affect wound healing. However, pretreatment by topical application of lactoferrin suppressed development of a corneal epithelial defect induced by UV-B irradiation in rats.\Question: Does lactoferrin protect against UV-B irradiation-induced corneal epithelial damage in rats?
[EX A]: These results suggest that the presence of lactoferrin in human tear fluid may inhibit UV-induced corneal epithelial damage.

[EX Q]: Context: Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and K-Cl cotransporter 2 (KCC2) have fundamental roles in neuron differentiation that are integrated with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate receptors, GABA synthesized by GAD25/65/67 encoded by GAD1/GAD2 genes, and GABA transporters (GATs). Cells in the eye lens express at least 13 GABA receptor subunits, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors, GAD1/GAD2, GAT1-4 and vGAT, and NKCC1. NKCC1:KCC2 ratios determine the switch in GABA actions from trophic/growth promoting early in development to their classic inhibitory roles in adult neurons. Lens epithelial cells cover the anterior surface and differentiate to elongated fiber cells in the lens interior with comparable morphology and sub-cellular structures as neurons. NKCC1 is expressed before KCC2 in neuron development and increases cell chloride, which stimulates differentiation and process formation. Subsequently, KCC2 increases and extrudes cell chloride linked with maturation. KCC2 has an additional structural moonlighting role interacting with F-actin scaffolding in dendritic spine morphogenesis. We examined KCC2 versus NKCC1 spatial expression in relation to fiber cell developmental status within the lens.', 'Immunofluorescence and immunoblots were used to detect expression in mouse and rabbit lenses.', 'NKCC1 was restricted to peripheral elongating lens fiber cells in young adult mouse and rabbit lenses. Lens KCC2 expression included the major KCC2b neuronal isoform and was detected in interior fiber cells with decreased NKCC1 expression and localized at the membranes. Lens expression of RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) regulated KCC2 is consistent with GAD1 and GAD2, several GABA and glutamate receptor subunits, miR-124, and other REST-regulated genes expressed in lenses.\Question: Does kCC2 expression supersede NKCC1 in mature fiber cells in mouse and rabbit lenses?
[EX A]: NKCC1 in peripheral elongating fiber cells is superseded by KCC2 expression in interior mature fiber cells that also express >20 additional integral GABA biology genes, AMPA/NMDA glutamate receptors, and an array of accessory proteins that together underlie morphogenesis in neurons. The present findings provide further evidence that this fundamental neuronal regulation is extensively conserved in lens and identify additional parallels in the morphogenetic programs that underlie lens fiber cell and neuronal differentiation and contribute to the development of visual acuity.

[EX Q]: Context: The effect of nutrients in the distal small intestine or colon on postprandial upper gut function is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to determine if carbohydrate in the ileum or proximal colon of dogs affects postprandial pancreaticobiliary secretion, gastrointestinal transit, and circulating concentrations of certain gastrointestinal regulatory peptides.', 'Seven dogs were prepared with permanent infusion and aspiration catheters in the duodenum and ileum and an infusion catheter in the cecum. Coincident with eating a meal containing liquid and solid markers, ileal or colonic (n = 5 dogs for each) infusion were begun of isosmolar 0.9% NaCl or carbohydrate in a 3:1 ratio of starch to glucose. Pancreatic enzyme output, bile acid delivery, gastrointestinal polypeptide, and plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide, neurotensin, and peptide YY were measured for 6 hours postprandially.', 'Carbohydrate infusion in the ileum, but not in the proximal colon, increased amylase secretion and plasma peptide YY, slowed gastric emptying of liquids and solids, slowed small intestinal transit, and decreased bile acid delivery into the duodenum (P < 0.05 in each).\Question: Does intraileal carbohydrate regulate canine postprandial pancreaticobiliary secretion and upper gut motility?
[EX A]:
Carbohydrate in the ileum regulates postprandial exocrine pancreatic enzyme secretion and other postprandial upper gut functions. Peptide YY may play a role in this regulation.