In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Question: Context: Provocative clinical tests are often performed in the diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) although the evidence for the usefulness of these tests is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of provocative clinical tests in the diagnosis of UNE in a relevant spectrum of patients and controls.', "A prospective cohort study was performed in consecutive patients clinically suspected of having UNE. All patients underwent a neurological examination and four commonly used provocative clinical tests (Tinel's test, flexion compression test, palpating for local ulnar nerve tenderness and nerve thickening). Subsequently, in all patients a reference standard test comprising electrophysiological studies and neurosonography was independently assessed.", "192 eligible patients completed the study protocol. UNE was diagnosed in 137 and an alternative diagnosis was made in 55 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were as follows: Tinel's test 62%, 53%, 77% and 30%; flexion compression test 61%, 40%, 72% and 29%; palpating for nerve thickening 28%, 87%, 84% and 33%; and palpating for nerve tenderness 32%, 80%, 80% and 32%. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the added value of one or more provocative tests over routine clinical examination is minimal.\Question: Is the diagnostic value of provocative clinical tests in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow marginal?

Answer: The diagnostic value of provocative clinical tests in UNE is poor.


Question: Context: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare microwave disinfection with chemical disinfection of dental gypsum casts.', 'A total of 120 casts were prepared from a silicone mold using Type III dental stone. Of the 120 casts, 60 casts were contaminated with 1 ml suspension of Staphylococcus aureus and 60 casts were contaminated with 1 ml suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Then, the casts were disinfected with microwave irradiation and chemical disinfection using the microwave oven and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite. Bacteriologic procedures were performed; the cfu/ml for each cast was calculated as a weighted mean. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test.', 'The untreated casts showed Brain heart infusion broth counts of 106 log cfu/ml compared to irradiated and chemically disinfected casts, in which 105 log reduction of cfu/ml was seen. These results satisfied the requirements of current infection control guidelines for the dental laboratory. The results obtained for chemical disinfection were in equivalence with microwave disinfection.\Question: Does evaluation and comparison of high-level microwave oven disinfection with chemical disinfection of dental gypsum cast?

Answer: Within the limitation of this in vitro study, it was found that microwave disinfection of casts for 5 min at 900 W gives high-level disinfection that complies with the current infection control guidelines for the dental laboratory and microwave disinfection method is an effective and validated method as chemical disinfection. How to cite the article: Meghashri K, Kumar P, Prasad DK, Hegde R. Evaluation and comparison of high-level microwave oven disinfection with chemical disinfection of dental gypsum casts. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(3):56-60 .


Question: Context: Thyroid cancer stem cells (CSCs) with ALDH and CD44 markers contribute to tumor growth and aggressiveness. We hypothesized that novel HSP90 inhibitors (KU711, WGA-TA) and 17-AAG can effectively target the function of thyroid CSCs in vitro and prevent migration and invasion.', 'Validated papillary (TPC1), follicular (FTC238,WRO), and anaplastic (ACT1) human thyroid cancer cell lines were treated with 3 HSP90 inhibitors. CSCs were quantified for aldehyde dehydrogenase by flow cytometry, CD44 expression by Western blot, and thyrosphere formation assay. Cellular pathway proteins were analyzed by Western blot and migration/invasion by Boyden-chambers.', 'WGA-TA and 17-AAG induced HSP70 compensation (not observed with KU711) on Western blot in all cell lines (>1,000 fold vs controls). Only WGA-TA degraded HSP90-Cdc37 complexing by 60-70% versus controls. Expression of HSP90 clients β-catenin, BRAF, Akt, and phospho-Akt were significantly inhibited by WGA-TA treatment (50-80%, 50-90%, >80%, and >90%) compared with controls, KU711, and 17-AAG treatment. KU711 and WGA-TA decreased CD44 expression in all cell lines (25-60% vs controls/17-AAG), decreased ALDEFLOR activity by 69-98% (P < .005), and decreased sphere formation by 64-99% (P < .05 each). Finally, cell migration was decreased by 31-98%, 100%, and 30-38%, and invasion by 75-100%, 100%, and 47% by KU711,WGA-TA, and 17-AAG treatment (P < .05) each, respectively.\Question: Do novel HSP90 inhibitors effectively target functions of thyroid cancer stem cell preventing migration and invasion?

Answer:
KU711 and WGA-TA are novel HSP90 inhibitors targeting CSC function and inhibiting cell migration/invasion in differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers, warranting further translational evaluation in vivo.