instruction:
In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
question:
Paragraph: With concerns about the potential for the aerosol and airborne transmission of infectious agents, particularly influenza, more attention is being focused on the effectiveness of infection control procedures to prevent hospital-acquired infections by this route. More recently a number of different techniques have been applied to examine the temporalespatial information about the airflow patterns and the movement of related, suspended material within this air in a hospital setting. Closer collaboration with engineers has allowed clinical microbiologists, virologists and infection control teams to assess the effectiveness of hospital isolation and ventilation facilities. The characteristics of human respiratory activities have also been investigated using some familiar engineering techniques. Such studies aim to enhance the effectiveness of such preventive measures and have included experiments with humanlike mannequins using various tracer gas/particle techniques, real human volunteers with realtime non-invasive Schlieren imaging, numerical modelling using computational fluid dynamics, and small scale physical analogues with water. This article outlines each of these techniques in a non-technical manner, suitable for a clinical readership without specialist airflow or engineering knowledge. 
 Title: Observing and quantifying airflows in the infection control of aerosol-and airborne-transmitted diseases: an overview of approaches
answer:
True


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Paragraph: A majority of emerging infectious diseases are of zoonotic origin. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) has been employed to identify uncommon and novel infectious etiologies and characterize virus diversity in human, animal, and environmental samples. Here, we systematically reviewed studies that performed viral mNGS in common livestock (cattle, small ruminants, poultry, and pigs). We identified 2481 records and 120 records were ultimately included after a first and second screening. Pigs were the most frequently studied livestock and the virus diversity found in samples from poultry was the highest. Known animal viruses, zoonotic viruses, and novel viruses were reported in available literature, demonstrating the capacity of mNGS to identify both known and novel viruses. However, the coverage of metagenomic studies was patchy, with few data on the virome of small ruminants and respiratory virome of studied livestock. Essential metadata such as age of livestock and farm types were rarely mentioned in available literature, and only 10.8% of the datasets were publicly available. Developing a deeper understanding of livestock virome is crucial for detection of potential zoonotic and animal pathogens and One Health preparedness. Metagenomic studies can provide this background but only when combined with essential metadata and following the "FAIR" (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data principles. Viruses 2020, 12, 107 2 of 22 flocks and wild birds, suggesting that pre-existing biosecurity measurements could not keep up with the rate of livestock intensification [16] . In 2007-2010, a large-scale Q fever outbreak was reported in the Netherlands, affecting more than 3500 human cases and resulting in a huge economic loss [17, 18] . A steep increase in the number of goat farms most likely was the driver for the increased prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infections, with animal abortion waves that had gone unnoticed. The policy of voluntary reporting abortion outbreaks to the Animal Health Service hindered the timely detection of the circulation of Q fever, and therefore early interventions. These examples indicate that zoonotic risks in the livestock industry should be carefully managed and adapted to livestock intensification. The One Health approach has been coined for advocating collaboration between multiple stakeholders including veterinarians, clinicians, epidemiologists, virologists, microbiologists, ecologists, and policy makers to prevent and control EIDs through the human-animal-environment interface [19] . Surveillance of livestock and the surrounding environment is a hallmark of early detection but is currently targeted to known risks. Advances in Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies and rapid development of bioinformatics and computational tools offer new opportunities for EID surveillance in quality and in scale. Particularly, metagenomic NGS (mNGS) allows unbiased detection of all microbes and viruses in a sample, showing potential for timely detection of rare or novel infectious etiologies, as well as for surveillance of foodborne and waterborne viruses [20] [21] [22][23][24][25][26]. However, the use of mNGS as a potential surveillance tool requires a deeper understanding of what is "normal" diversity in humans [27], as well as wildlife [28,29] and farm animals [30]. Characterizing species-specific metagenomes could potentially be used to provide a surveillance baseline for early detection and for tracking of movements of pathogens across different hosts, and has been promoted by projects like the global virome project [31]. However, for such applications, detailed background is needed regarding coverage, representativeness, and biases in the study designs. Here, we conduct a systematic review to identify available literature that performed viral mNGS in common farm animals including cattle, small ruminants (goats and sheep), poultry, and pigs. We reviewed the data and metadata availability and quality of these studies. We further summarized reported viromes of common farm animals in order to translate these efforts as background virus diversity profiles of common farm animals to guide preparedness of diseases at the livestock-human interface. 
 Title: viruses Virus Metagenomics in Farm Animals: A Systematic Review
answer:
True


question:
Paragraph: and molecular diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine parainfluenza virus in the naturally infected young cattle and buffaloes from India, Microbial Pathogenesis, https://doi.Immunofluorescence and molecular diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus 1 and bovine parainfluenza virus in the naturally infected young cattle and buffaloes from 2 India 3 Abstract 23 Pneumonia in bovines is a multifactorial disease manifestation leading to heavy 24 economic losses. Infections of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine 25 parainfluenza virus-3 (BPI-3) are among the important contributing factors for the development 26 of pneumonia in young animals. These viral agents either primarily cause pneumonia or 27 predispose animals to the development of pneumonia. Although, the role of BRSV and BPI-3 in 28 the pathogenesis of pneumonia is well established, there are no reports of involvement of BRSV 29 and BPI-3 from Indian cattle and buffaloes suffering from pneumonia. In the present 30 investigation, we performed postmortem examinations of 406 cattle and buffaloes which were 31 below twelve months of age. Out of 406 cases, twelve (2.95%) cases were positive for BRSV 32 and fifteen (3.69%) cases were positive for BPI-3, screened by reverse transcriptase polymerase 33 chain reaction (RT-PCR). Further, positive cases were confirmed by sequence analysis of RT-34 PCR amplicons and direct immunofluorescence antibody test (d-FAT) in paraffin-embedded 35 lung tissue sections. BRSV positive cases revealed characteristic findings of bronchiolar 36 epithelial necrosis, thickened alveolar septa by mononuclear cells infiltration and edema; 37 alveolar lumens were filled with mononuclear cells and numerous syncytial cells were seen 38 having intracytoplasmic inclusions. The BRSV antigen distribution was found to be in 39 bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium and syncytial cells in the lung sections. In fifteen cases 40 where BPI-3 was detected, bronchointerstitial pneumonia in the majority of cases with thickened 41 alveolar septa by mild macrophage infiltration, hyperplasia of type-II pneumocytes and 42 bronchiolar necrosis along with syncytial cells having intracytoplasmic inclusions in the majority 43 of cases were observed. The BPI-3 antigen distribution was found to be in bronchiolar and 44 alveolar epithelium and syncytial cells in the lung sections. RT-PCR amplicons of BRSV and 45 BPI-3 obtained were sequenced and their analysis showed homology with already available 46 sequences in the NCBI database. It is the first report of detection of BRSV and BPI-3 from 47 pneumonic cases by RT-PCR and d-FAT from cattle and buffaloes of India, indicating the need 48 for more epidemiological studies. 49 employment opportunities and provides social and financial security. In the course of 67 development of livestock industry, the health of replacement progeny calves is an important 68 component of total operation profitability as the heifer calf is the foundation of the future herd 69 (Razzaque et al., 2009). However, calves are usually neglected as they do not bring any 70 immediate financial return and the cost of their maintenance considerably adds to the production 71 cost of milk. Pneumonia is associated with high morbidity and mortality of calves and incurs 72 great economic losses to the farmers due to the losses by death, treatment costs, reduced growth 73 and productivity (Mellado et al., 2014). It is estimated that calf mortality of 20% can reduce the 74 net profit of an enterprise by 40% (Blood and Radostits, 2007). 75 Some calf diseases can result of the complex interaction of the management practices, the 76 environment factors, infectious agents and the calf's immune system (Wudu, 2004). Pneumonia 77 is the second major cause of morbidity and mortality among calves after diarrhea and may 78 account for 50% mortality in the affected animals (Veena and Sumathi, 2011). It is the most 79 common postmortem finding in calves at 1-5 months of age and calf morbidity may go up to 80 50% in a herd (Manjari et al., 2015). It is the most important contributor to the losses in the beef 81 and dairy cattle industries on account of the cost incurred on the metaphylactic and therapeutic 82 uses of antibiotics and reduced growth performance of affected animals (Gagea et al., 2006). 83 Pneumonia in young animals is associated with viruses, bacteria and mycoplasma, which 84 include bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPI-3), 85 bovine herpesvirus type 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine coronavirus, Pasteurella 86 multocida, Mannheimia. hemolytica, Haemophilus somnus, Salmonella dublin, Arcanobacterium 87 pyogenes and Mycoplasma spp. (e.g. M. bovis and M. dispar) (Bednarek et al., 2012). Besides, 
 Title: Journal Pre-proof Immunofluorescence and molecular diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine parainfluenza virus in the naturally infected young cattle and buffaloes from India
answer:

False