Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: Three-dimensional (3D) surface matching is a novel method to administer deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) radiation therapy for left-sided breast cancer to reduce cardiac exposure. We analyzed port (x-ray) films to assess patient setup accuracy and treatment times to assess the practical workflow of this system.', 'The data from 50 left-sided breast cancer patients treated with DIBH were studied. AlignRT (London, UK) was used. The distance between the field edge and the anterior pericardial shadow as seen on the routine port films (dPORT), and the corresponding distance seen on the digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) from the planning (dDRR) were compared as a quantitative measure of setup accuracy. Variations of dPORT - dDRR over the treatment course were assessed. In a subset of 21 patients treated with tangential beams alone, the daily treatment durations were analyzed to assess the practical workflow of this system.', 'Considering all 50 patients, the mean absolute systematic uncertainty between dPORT and dDRR was 0.20 cm (range, 0 to 1.22 cm), the mean systematic uncertainty was -0.07 cm (range, -1.22 to 0.67 cm), and their mean random uncertainty was 0.19 cm (range, 0 to 0.84 cm). There was no significant change in dPORT - dDRR during the course of treatment. The mean patient treatment duration for the 21 patients studied was 11 minutes 48 seconds. On intrapatient assessments, 15/21 had nonsignificant trends toward reduced treatment durations during their course of therapy. On interpatient comparisons, the mean treatment times declined as we gained more experience with this technique.

Output: 1


Input: Consider Input: Splenectomy is a clinical risk factor for complicated thrombosis. We hypothesized that the loss of the mechanical filtering function of the spleen may enrich for thrombogenic phospholipids in the circulation, thereby affecting the vascular remodeling of thrombosis.', 'We investigated the effects of splenectomy both in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), a human model disease for thrombus nonresolution, and in a mouse model of stagnant flow venous thrombosis mimicking deep vein thrombosis. Surgically excised thrombi from rare cases of CTEPH patients who had undergone previous splenectomy were enriched for anionic phospholipids like phosphatidylserine. Similar to human thrombi, phosphatidylserine accumulated in thrombi after splenectomy in the mouse model. A postsplenectomy state was associated with larger and more persistent thrombi. Higher counts of procoagulant platelet microparticles and increased leukocyte-platelet aggregates were observed in mice after splenectomy. Histological inspection revealed a decreased number of thrombus vessels. Phosphatidylserine-enriched phospholipids specifically inhibited endothelial proliferation and sprouting.

Output: 0


Input: Consider Input: The host genetic background to develop primary gastric B-cell lymphoma in patients with chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is unknown. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha plays a key role in H. pylori-associated inflammation and appears to be involved in the evolution of lymphoproliferative disorders. We investigated four functional promotor polymorphisms in the TNF-alpha gene for association with the development of primary gastric B-cell lymphoma.', 'A total of 144 lymphoma patients, 595 H. pylori-infected controls and 534 healthy blood donors were genotyped for TNF-alpha-238, -308, -857, and -1031 by Taqman technology and case-control analysis was conducted.', "There was no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies in H. pylori-infected patients and healthy controls. TNF-857 T allele was found in 15.1% of patients with low-grade lymphoma and 9.1% of H. pylori-infected patients (Pearson's=5.7, p=0.017, OR=1.8, Wald 95% CI: 1.1< O.R.< 2.8). Carrier of the rare allele T had a 1.8-fold increased risk to develop low-grade lymphoma (Pearson's=5.4, p=0.021). Patients with high-grade lymphoma were significantly more frequent carriers of the TNF-857 T allele than healthy blood donors (30.9%vs 18.9%, Pearson's=4.5, p=0.033). Carriage of the T allele conferred a 1.9-fold increased risk (Wald 95% CI: 1.0<O.R.< 3.6). There were no associations found between any of the SNPs and disease progression.


Output: 1