Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Various pathways involved in the pathogenesis of sJIA have been identified through gene expression profiling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but not in neutrophils. Since neutrophils are important in tissue damage during inflammation, and are elevated as part of the acute phase response, we hypothesised that neutrophil pathways could also be important in the pathogenesis of sJIA. We therefore studied the gene profile in both PBMC and neutrophils of sJIA patients treated with tocilizumab.', 'We studied the transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and neutrophils from eight paired samples obtained from 4 sJIA patients taken before and after treatment, selected on the basis that they achieved ACR90 responses within 12 weeks of therapy initiation with tocilizumab. RNA was extracted and gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarray platform. A longitudinal analysis using paired t-test (p\u2009<\u20090.05 and FC\u2009≥\u20091.5) was applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two time points followed by ingenuity pathway analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and quantitative real-time PCR were then performed to verify the microarray results.', 'Gene ontology analysis in neutrophils revealed that response to tocilizumab significantly altered genes regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress (p\u2009=\u20094.6E-05). This was independently verified with GSEA, by identifying a set of oxidative genes whose expression correlated with response to tocilizumab. In PBMC, treatment of sJIA with tocilizumab appeared to affect genes in Oncostatin M signalling and B cell pathways.

Ex Output:
Are mitochondrial and oxidative stress genes differentially expressed in neutrophils of sJIA patients treated with tocilizumab : a pilot microarray study?


Ex Input:
Multiple intercostal recordings were supposed to get a more comprehensive view of the depolarization vector of the outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia (OT-VA), which may help to identify the OT-VA more accurately. This study was undertaken to develop a more accurate electrocardiogram (ECG) criterion for differentiating between left and right OT-VA origins.', 'We studied OT-VA with a left bundle branch block pattern and inferior axis QRS morphology in 47 patients with successful catheter ablation in the right ventricular OT (RVOT; n = 37) or aortic coronary cusp (ACC; n = 10). Superior and inferior precordial leads were taken together with the routine 12-lead ECG. The ECG during the OT-VA and during sinus beats were analyzed. Transition ratio, transition zone (TZ) index, R/S amplitude ratio, and R-wave duration ratio were measured in the regular, superior, and inferior precordial leads.', 'The combined TZ index, TZ index inferior was significantly smaller, while the V2 inferior transition ratio was significantly larger for ACC origins than RVOT origins (P < 0.05). The area under the curve for the combined TZ index by a receiver operating characteristic analysis was 0.974, which was significantly larger than other parameters. A cutoff value ≤0.25 predicted an ACC origin with 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity. This advantage of the parameter over others also held true for a subanalysis of OT-VAs with a lead V3 precordial transition or TZ index = 0.

Ex Output:
Does multiple Intercostal Space Electrocardiogram allow Accurate Localization of Outflow Tract Ventricular Arrhythmia Origin?


Ex Input:
Follicular lymphoma (FL) frequently develops drug-resistance and transforms into more aggressive subtypes over time. It is urgent to find prognostic biomarkers and disclose signaling pathways that have potential to be drug targets. In this study, we investigated the association of FL prognosis with the expression of 2 proteins: PIK3CD, a PI3K pathway component, and CD9, a tetraspanin family member.', 'The expression of PIK3CD and CD9 were examined on 76 FL tumor tissues and 15 normal tissues with Immunohistochemistry. Chi-square test, Cox proportional hazards model, and Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to analyze the relationships of CD9 and PIK3CD expression and major clinicopathological features.', 'PIK3CD expression was significantly higher, whereas CD9 expression was significantly lower in the 76 FL specimens than normal tissues. Concomitantly, low CD9 or high PIK3CD expression is associated with high degrees of Ann Arbor stages. In agreement with this, PIK3CD is an unfavorable and CD9 is a favorable factor for progression-free survival (PFS). Interestingly, PIK3CD expression is negatively correlated with CD9 expression, and the PIK3CD-high/CD9-low was significantly associated with short PFS when the 2 factors were combined together. Lastly, CD9 expression was significant higher in patients with bone marrow infiltration (BMI) than those without BMI.

Ex Output:

Is the Expression of CD9 and PIK3CD Associated with Prognosis of Follicular Lymphoma?