In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

This quantity can be defined as minus the temperature times the derivative of entropy with respect to particle number. The Gibbs factor is a generalization of the Boltzmann factor that takes this quantity into account. Usually defined as the derivative of the Helmholtz free energy with respect to particle number, FTP name this quantity which governs particle flow, as particles flow from systems with higher values to systems with lower values.
Science

This man wrote about a creature that "launch'd forth filament, filament, filament" in a poem about a "noiseless patient spider." He wrote "Flood-tide below me! I see you face to face!" in his "Crossing Brooklyn Ferry." He published a "deathbed edition" of his continually revised masterpiece, which includes a poem beginning "I celebrate myself, and sing myself." For 10 points, name this American poet who included "Song of Myself" in his Leaves of Grass.
Literature

A major development of this historical event was the publication of letters written to Henry McComb. It began when Thomas Durant and other stockholders organized a company under an existing charter which soon assigned contracts to seven trustees. The reputations of congressmen James Brooks and James Patterson and Vice President Schulyer Colfax were ruined when it was revealed that they had been given stock in a company run by Oakes Ames. FTP, what was this scandal involving a scheme surrounding the construction of the Union Pacific Railroad

History