Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
The hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays critical roles in cell survival via modulation of signaling pathways. In our previous studies, we reported that HBx inhibited the growth of CCL13-HBx-stable cells (Chang-HBx cells) in vitro and tumor formation in vivo in CCL13-HBx-cell-injected nude mice; however, this inhibition mechanism is unclear.', 'To investigate the role of HBx in Wnt-3/beta-catenin signaling pathways, we focused on the key molecules GSK-3beta and beta-catenin, and analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining.', 'Results indicated that following HBx induction, GSK-3beta activity was up-regulated, the expression and accumulation of beta-catenin in the nucleus were decreased, and cell proliferation was suppressed. Inhibition of GSK-3beta activity by pharmacological inhibitors rescued the expression and accumulation of beta-catenin in the nucleus and facilitated cell proliferation and growth following HBx induction. The localization of beta-catenin, which is involved in cell proliferation, and mediated by GSK-3beta activation was also demonstrated.

Ex Output:
1


Ex Input:
Oral cancer is the 4th leading cause of cancer death for males and the top cancer in young adult males in Taiwan. Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a common oral cancer and generally associated with poor prognosis. Global DNA hypomethylation at the 5 position of cytosine (5mC) is a well-known epigenetic feature of cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of the global 5mC content with the tumorigenesis and prognosis of patients with TSCC.', 'The levels of global 5mC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray slides of 248 surgically resected TSCC and 202 corresponding tumor adjacent normal (TAN) tissues.', 'We found that the level of 5mC in TSCC (P < 0.001) was significantly decreased as compared to TAN. Among TSCC tissues, decreased levels of 5mC were associated with female gender (P = 0.036). In addition, the global hypomethylation was associated with the poor disease-specific survival in TSCC patients (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.55, P = 0.043), especially for patients in older age group (> 50 years, P = 0.013), with moderate or poor cell differentiation (P = 0.044), early stage of disease (I-II, P = 0.046), small tumor size (T1-T2, P = 0.005), without lymph node involvement (P = 0.041), and ever received postoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.009).

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease. It is necessary to find out new effective drugs for UC. In our study epicatechin extracted from grape seed by our institute for the first time could treat UC effectively. Then anti-UC mechanisms of epicatechin were elucidated in vivo and in vitro.', 'Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute UC mice model was used to evaluate the activity of epicatechin and its properties against UC. Then its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were evaluated as follows: the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in the colon supernatants were determined by ELISA. NO and MPO were assayed by Griess method and commercial kit respectively. NF-κB were determined by NF-κB-Dependent Reporter Gene Expression Assay and Western Blotting respectively. Antioxidant factors such as SOD, MDA, GSH-Px and CAT were also measured in colon tissues and cell supernatant stimulated by LPS respectively.', 'In C57BL/6J mice model with DSS-induced UC, epicatechin was able to decrease the disease activity index and colon macroscopic damage index scores, reduce body weight loss, and significantly relieve colon contracture and crypt damage. TNF-α, IL-6, NO, MPO and MDA were reduced in the mice administered epicatechin, whereas antioxidant enzymes showed increased activity in epicatechin-treated mice and cell line respectively. Furthermore, inhibition effect on NF-κB activation by epicatechin were demonstrated in vivo and in vitro.

Ex Output:

0