In this task your given two statements. You must judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label the instances as "cause" or "effect" based on your judgment. The sentences are separated by a newline character.

[Q]: The man cursed.
He stubbed his toe.
[A]: cause


[Q]: The ink on the poster smeared.
I spilled water on the poster.
[A]: cause


[Q]: I missed my girlfriend's phone call.
I called her back.
[A]:
effect