instruction:
Given a paragraph, generate a claim that is supported by the given paragraph. 1) The claim must contain information from within the paragraph. 2) A sentence within the paragraph can be used as a claim. 3) The claim should not have contradictions within the paragraph. 4) The claim should be at most one sentence long.
question:
Trans people have often been denied treatment in Pakistan because doctors could not decide whether to treat them in a male or female ward, and have even died for lack of care. The government plans to set up separate wards in hospitals around the country for transgender patients, according to Dr. Zafar Mirza, a special aide to Prime Minister Imran Khan for health services. Pakistan — a conservative, majority Muslim nation — officially recognized transgender as a third gender in 2012. Yet transgender people are still largely confined to the margins of society, often taunted in public, ostracized by family and targeted in violent attacks. Most transgender people in Pakistan are forced to survive by begging, dancing or prostitution. Sex reassignment surgery requires a court order, family approval, a psychiatrist’s note and a medical recommendation. The Supreme Court ordered the government to list transgender as a third gender on ID cards, and the national agency responsible for issuing them will also handle the new health cards. The health ministry will immediately start giving health cards to all transgender people who are registered, said Dr. Mirza. He said anyone who wants to change the listing on their ID to transgender will have a “one-time option” to do so. He didn’t specify how long that period would last. Speaking to reporters in the capital of Islamabad, he stressed that the government is legally responsible for ensuring all citizens’ rights, including access to healthcare nationwide. Transgender people face greater peril in more conservative areas of Pakistan, where Islamic extremists associate them with homosexuality and prostitution. But there are also signs of progress. In 2018, Marvia Malik made history by becoming Pakistan’s first transgender newscaster at just 21 years old. ____ Khan reported from Karachi, Pakistan
answer:
Pakistan issues health IDs for trans people to improve care.


question:
Researchers, who studied about 1,000 teens who said they wanted to quit smoking, wrote in the journal Pediatrics that close to 11 percent of those who got counseling for three months had quit smoking, compared to six percent of those who only received educational pamphlets. “A school nurse-delivered smoking-cessation intervention proved feasible and effective in improving short-term abstinence among adolescent boys and short-term reductions in smoking amount and frequency in both genders,” wrote study author Lori Pbert of the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester. But a year after the sessions, there was no difference in smoking rates based on what kind of assistance teens had gotten from their nurses. In addition, fewer than one in five teens said they hadn’t smoked recently. “It’s nice that there was some effect at three months, what we really care about is sustained cessation,” said Michael Siegel, who studies tobacco control at the Boston University School of Public health but wasn’t involved in the study. “The overwhelming majority of these kids are not quitting.”   In the 35 Massachusetts schools covered in the study, half the nurses were trained to give their students one-on-one counseling based around goal setting and problem solving, including making a plan to quit and then preventing relapses. The other nurses gave students information pamphlets on quitting smoking and volunteered to answer any questions they had about the process. Both groups of nurses saw their students at four weekly sessions, ranging from 10 to 30 minutes. The counseling intervention appeared to especially help boys in the short run. Those who had made goals and tracked progress with the nurses were three times more likely to say they had stopped smoking than boys in the “control” group. But between 13 and 17 percent of both boys and girls reported they had stopped lighting up a year later, regardless of whether or not they had received counseling. Other smoking cessation experts noted that relapsing into smoking is the biggest hurdle at any age, and that teens were especially likely to do so. But they added that the more options teens had for help, the better. SOURCE: bit.ly/o4z0xc
answer:
Study: can school nurses help teens quit smoking?.


question:
File photo shows the silhouette of an elderly man. Reuters/File  They said people who took drugs that block acetylcholine —  a chemical messenger in the nervous system critical for memory  — functioned less well than their peers. “These results were true even in older adults who have  normal memory and thinking abilities,” said Dr. Kaycee Sink of  Wake Forest University School of Medicine in North Carolina,  who led the study of 3,000 people of whom 40 percent were  taking more than one anticholinergic drug. “The effect is essentially that of a three- to four-year  increase in age. So someone who is 75 in our study and taking  at least one moderately anticholinergic medication is at a  similar functional level to a 78 to 79-year-old,” Sink said in  an e-mail. Sink’s findings, presented at American Geriatrics Society  Meeting in Washington, add to a growing body of research that  suggests these so-called anticholinergic medications can hasten  functional and cognitive declines in elderly people. Some of the most common such drugs in the study included  the blood pressure drug nifedipine (sold as Adalat or  Procardia), the stomach antacid ranitidine or Zantac, both with  mild or moderate anticholinergic properties, and Pfizer Inc’s  incontinence drug tolterodine or Detrol, which is highly  anticholinergic. “The tricky part ... is that many useful drugs from many  different classes of medications have anticholinergic  properties,” Sink said. She said in many cases newer drugs are available that do  not have these effects and said doctors should look out for  them for elderly patients. Dr. Jack Tsao, a neurologist with the U.S. Navy, reported  last month at a American Academy of Neurology meeting that  elderly people who took anticholinergic drugs had a 50 percent  greater rate of memory decline than people in a long-term study  who did not take the drugs. Sink studied the effects of taking multiple anticholinergic  drugs on walking speed, basic activities such as dressing,  eating, taking care of personal hygiene, grooming, and harder  activities like shopping, cooking and managing money on her  test subjects whose average age was 78. The researchers found that the more anticholinergic drugs  people had in their systems, the worse their physical function,  based on reports from people in the study and on independent  measures of their performance. In a separate study this month in the Journal of the  American Geriatrics Society, Sink found that older nursing home  residents who took drugs for dementia and incontinence at the  same time had a 50 percent faster decline in function than  those treated only for dementia. “I would encourage patients to bring in a list of  everything they take (even over-the-counter medications) to  their doctor and have them review it at least yearly,” Sink  said. “Physicians should try to decrease anticholinergic burden  whenever possible.”
answer:

Common drugs hasten decline in elderly: study.