instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
In short-gut rats, we showed marked abnormalities in plasma lipid fatty acids using parenteral nutrition (PN) with lipid vs sham surgery rats. This suggests that either sensing or metabolism of parenteral lipid is abnormal in malabsorption. The goal of this study was to determine fatty acid profiles in skeletal muscle and liver in short-gut rats treated with PN compared with sham rats.', 'Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy and massive small bowel resection (or sham surgery). Rats (n = 32, 16 sham, 16 short gut) were randomly assigned to PN with lipid or fat-free PN. After 5 days, weight loss was similar in all groups, and mixed hindlimb skeletal muscle and liver were biopsied.', 'We found marked differences between liver and skeletal muscle. In livers of short-gut animals, 22:4omega6, 22:5omega6, and 22:6omega3 were higher (all p < .05) than in sham. In skeletal muscle, short gut had no effect on fatty acid profiles. In liver, fat-free PN led to significant increases in 20:3omega6, 22:4omega6, 22:5omega6, 20:3omega9, 20:5omega3, 22:6omega3, and triene/tetraene ratio (all p < .05) compared with feeding PN with lipid, irrespective of short gut. In muscle, levels of the distal long-chain fatty acid metabolites and triene/tetraene ratio were minimally affected by nutrition. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were similar in all 4 groups.
answer:
0


question:
Three-dimensional (3D) surface matching is a novel method to administer deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) radiation therapy for left-sided breast cancer to reduce cardiac exposure. We analyzed port (x-ray) films to assess patient setup accuracy and treatment times to assess the practical workflow of this system.', 'The data from 50 left-sided breast cancer patients treated with DIBH were studied. AlignRT (London, UK) was used. The distance between the field edge and the anterior pericardial shadow as seen on the routine port films (dPORT), and the corresponding distance seen on the digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) from the planning (dDRR) were compared as a quantitative measure of setup accuracy. Variations of dPORT - dDRR over the treatment course were assessed. In a subset of 21 patients treated with tangential beams alone, the daily treatment durations were analyzed to assess the practical workflow of this system.', 'Considering all 50 patients, the mean absolute systematic uncertainty between dPORT and dDRR was 0.20 cm (range, 0 to 1.22 cm), the mean systematic uncertainty was -0.07 cm (range, -1.22 to 0.67 cm), and their mean random uncertainty was 0.19 cm (range, 0 to 0.84 cm). There was no significant change in dPORT - dDRR during the course of treatment. The mean patient treatment duration for the 21 patients studied was 11 minutes 48 seconds. On intrapatient assessments, 15/21 had nonsignificant trends toward reduced treatment durations during their course of therapy. On interpatient comparisons, the mean treatment times declined as we gained more experience with this technique.
answer:
1


question:
NAFLD impacts patient reported outcomes (PROs). Our aim was to assess the impact of NAFLD on patients' HRQOL.", 'National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2011 data were used to identify adult patients with NAFLD [Fatty Liver Index (FLI) > 60 in absence of other liver disease and excessive alcohol >20 g/day for men, >10 g/day for women]. Patients with other chronic diseases (ex. HIV, cancer, end-stage kidney disease) were excluded. Subjects without any of these conditions were healthy controls. HCV RNA (+) patients were HCV-controls. All patients completed NHANES HRQOL-4 questionnaire. Linear regression determined the association between NAFLD and HRQOL components adjusting for age, gender, race, and BMI.', 'Participants with complete data were included (n = 9661); 3333 NAFLD (age 51 years and BMI 34 kg/m(2)); 346 HCV+ (age 49 years; BMI 27 kg/m(2)) and 5982 healthy controls (age 48 years and BMI 26 kg/m(2)). The proportion of subjects rating their health as "fair" or "poor" in descending order were HCV controls (30 %) NAFLD (20 %) and healthy controls (10 %) (p < 0.001). HRQOL-4 components scores 2-4 were lowest for HCV, followed by NAFLD and then healthy controls (p-values p = 0.011 to < .0001). After adjustment for age, gender, race, and BMI, NAFLD patients were 18-20 % more likely to report days when their physical health wasn\'t good or were unable to perform daily activities as a result (p < .0001).
answer:

0