In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Example Input: Context: Surgery has been the gold standard in the treatment of adult pyloric stenosis (APS). The introduction of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in 1989 revolutionised the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and its complications.', 'We carried out a prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of PPIs as an alternative to surgery for treatment of APS. Six consecutive patients admitted with a diagnosis of adult peptic pyloric stenosis between November 1999 and August 2002 were studied. The diagnosis was confirmed with endoscopy. All patients were commenced on a twice-daily dose of intravenous PPI. This was changed to oral treatment after 2 days. Main outcome measures evaluated were resolution of symptoms on PPIs and failure of medical therapy.', 'There were five females and one male. Median age at diagnosis was 72 years (range, 30-90 years). Median duration of symptoms was 2 weeks (range, 1-5 weeks). Of the patients, five had a history of peptic ulcer disease. Complete resolution was achieved in 5 patients (83%). Median duration for resolution of symptoms was 9 days (range, 5-14 days). All patients were changed to oral PPIs after 2 days. One patient did not respond to oral therapy and required surgical intervention (pyloroplasty). Median follow-up was 26 months (range, 6-48 months). There was no recurrence of symptoms. All patients were discharged on low-dose PPI.\Question: Is proton pump inhibition a feasible primary alternative to surgery and balloon dilatation in adult peptic pyloric stenosis ( APS ) : report of six consecutive cases?
Example Output: This study supports the view that proton pump inhibitors are a safe and feasible alternative to surgery in adult pyloric stenosis secondary to peptic ulcer disease.

Example Input: Context: It has been demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) induces apoptosis in cardiac myocytes. However, its mechanism of action is still not well understood. In the present study, we hypothesized that TNF alpha induces myocardial apoptosis by induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).', 'Neonatal cardiac myocytes were isolated from iNOS (-/-) mutant and C57BL6 wild type mice. Cells were cultured for 3 days before treatment with an NO donor or TNF alpha. Following treatment with S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) or TNF-alpha, cells were tested for apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transfer-mediated end labeling (TUNEL) staining and cell death detection ELISA. NO production was measured by nitrite concentration in the culture medium. Cardiomyocyte expression of iNOS and TNF type 1 receptor (TNFR1) mRNA was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).', 'SNAP (0.01-100 microM) induced apoptosis of cardiac myocytes in a concentration-dependent manner in the wild type mice (n = 5, P < 0.01). TNFR1 mRNA was expressed in neonatal cardiomyocytes from both wild type and iNOS (-/-) mutant mice. TNF alpha induced a concentration-dependent increase in iNOS mRNA expression and nitrite production as well as significant apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in the wild type mice (n = 4, P < 0.01). However, without iNOS expression, the apoptotic effects of TNF-alpha were significantly attenuated in cardiomyocytes from iNOS (-/-) mutant mice (n = 4, P < 0.05).\Question: Does tumor necrosis factor-alpha induce apoptosis via inducible nitric oxide synthase in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes?
Example Output: TNF alpha induces apoptosis via iNOS expression and NO production in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes.

Example Input: Context: The aims of this study were to demonstrate the tumorigenicity of CD133+ colon cancer cells in vitro, analyze the correlations between spheroid formation and clinicopathologic variables, and screen for overexpressed genes in CD133+ colon cancer stem cells. Moreover, the aim of this study was to establish a living tumor tissue bank using surgically resected specimens.', 'Using LoVo cell line, we isolated CD133+ cells and performed clonogenic assay and animal experiment to test tumorigenicity of CD133+ cells. Twenty-nine surgical samples were freshly collected from 27 patients who received curative or palliative surgery, and the samples were mechanically and enzymatically dissociated into single cells.', 'We confirmed the enhanced tumorigenicity of CD133+ cells isolated from LoVo cell line both in vitro and in vivo. Of these 29 samples, 8 (28%) contained >3% CD133+ cells. Sphere formation was significantly higher in samples from patients with lymphatic invasion than in those without lymphatic invasion [54.5% (6/11) vs. 12.5% (2/16); P=0.033] and in samples containing >3% of CD133+ cells than in those containing ≤3% of CD133+ cells [36.4% (4/11) vs. 0% (0/16); P=0.019].\Question: Is cD133-positive tumor cell content a predictor of early recurrence in colorectal cancer?
Example Output:
These findings indicate that CD133 is a valid marker for identifying cancer stem cells from fresh surgically resected colorectal cancer tissues. Furthermore, we successfully established a living tumor tissue bank using surgically resected colorectal tissues with a viability of >70%.