Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Example Input: FoxO transcription factors have been reported to play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. The mechanisms underlying the tumor suppression function of FoxOs in human cancers remain largely unknown. Aberrant expression and activation of Nrf2 often correlate with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. Here, we report that FoxO3 directs the basal transcription of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), an adaptor protein that bridges Nrf2 to Cul3 for degradation. FoxO3 depletion resulted in Keap1 down-regulation, thereby activating Nrf2 signaling. We further demonstrated that inhibition of the FoxO3-Keap1 axis accounts for Nrf2 induction and activation induced by constitutively active AKT signaling or tumor necrosis factor α treatment. Unlike previous findings, FoxO3 silencing led to decreased reactive oxygen species production, therefore protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced killing in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Importantly, FoxO3 deficiency strongly potentiated tumor formation in nude mice and rendered cholangiocarcinoma xenografts resistant to cisplatin-induced cell death by activating Nrf2. Additionally, we found that clinical cholangiocarcinoma samples displayed FoxO3-Keap1 down-regulation and Nrf2 hyperactivation, underscoring the essential roles of these proteins in cholangiocarcinoma development.
Example Output: 0

Example Input: To study the presence of citrullinated proteins in inflammatory conditions and in clinically non-affected tissues of controls.', 'Synovial biopsy specimens from 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 10 healthy controls were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, muscle tissue from 5 patients with polymyositis and from 7 healthy controls, intestinal tissue from macroscopically affected and non-affected areas from 10 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and tonsil tissues from 4 chronically inflamed tonsils were studied.', 'Citrullinated proteins were present in all synovial biopsy specimens from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, whereas only three of 10 healthy synovial biopsy specimens showed scarce amounts of citrullination. Citrullination was also present in all myositis-affected muscles, whereas it was absent in the muscle tissues of controls. All tonsil biopsy specimens studied were positive for citrulline. Even though more frequently detected in the macroscopically affected colonic areas, no marked difference was observed in the pattern or extent of citrullination between the macroscopically affected and non-affected intestinal IBD tissues.
Example Output: 1

Example Input: Stepping response may be considered the most important postural reaction to prevent a fall because it is the inability to respond effectively to a loss of balance that ultimately determines whether a fall occurs. However, very little has been studied on the effect of exercising on step execution behavior in the elderly.', 'To explore whether older persons who exercise regularly have faster voluntary stepping times than sedentary elderly persons. Additionally, we investigated the association between step execution behavior, self-reported physical function, and balance performance.', 'Case-control study of 48 elderly adults aged 65-91 years who live independently in retirement homes. Participants were classified as 24 exercisers (reporting >2 exercise training activities/week) and 24 age- and gender-matched inactive elderly individuals (who do not exercise regularly). The Voluntary Step Execution Test was performed as a reaction time task while standing on a force platform under single-task and dual-task conditions. Step initiation phase, foot off time, foot contact time, preparatory, and swing phases were extracted from center of pressure and ground reaction force data. Self-reported function was examined using Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument; Berg Balance Test was also performed.', 'Exercisers had significantly faster voluntary step times in single-task condition (959 vs. 1,158 ms) but not during dual-task condition (1,170 vs. 1,303 ms). Exercisers had a significantly higher Berg Balance Test (53.7 +/-3.6 vs. 49.8 +/-5.3), consumed less medication (3.3 +/-2.3 vs. 5.6 +/-2.9), and their lower extremity function scores were higher (88.61 +/-2.3 vs. 73.1 +/-2.7) than those of inactive subjects.
Example Output:
1