TASK DEFINITION: Generate an explanation for the given claim using the provided supporting material from the paragraph. Please consider the following points while generating an output. 1) The claim will always have supporting proof in the paragraph, and the paragraph will have a clear point of view supporting the claim. 2) There can be instances where direct correlation to the claim is not available. Make use of the sentences in the paragraph to provide a corresponding output supporting the claim. 3) The explanation should be at least one and at most twelve sentences long.
PROBLEM: Paragraph: The article did not discuss costs. Screening mammograms impose a significant cost on the U.S. health care system and insurers, particularly Medicare. The story detailed the relative harms of earlier mammograms, but did not translate those percentages into absolute numbers. For instance, women who were diagnosed with breast cancer 25 months or more after their last mammogram were “50 percent more likely” to need chemotherapy, “32 percent more likely” to need mastectomy, and “66 percent more likely” to need lymph nodes removed. However, relative risk can be misleading, sometimes inflating numbers to sound scarier than when absolute numbers are used. Also, we don’t know what kind of risk these women had at baseline, so it’s hard to know if they were higher risk. The story made no mention of the harms of earlier or more frequent screening, which have been documented time and time again. More screening can mean more false positives or more finding of breast changes that lead to more testing, such as biopsies, more costs, and more worry. The story did make clear some of the weaknesses of the study: The study found an association but did not prove causality and the study population was limited to a single health care institution. The story also mentions that the findings were presented at a meeting, which means they have not undergone peer-review. The story does not directly engage in fear-mongering. However, some of the quotes advocating for earlier and more frequent screening play into a scenario that breast cancer is lurking in every woman. A discussion of what a woman’s average lifetime risk is would have been helpful. The story quotes the study author and an outside source. The story makes clear that different advisory groups have differing guidelines for what age to start getting mammograms (40 or 50 years old). It would have been nice if the story had included examples of what makes someone higher risk or not (personal cancer history, family history, history of radiation), but we think this was satisfactory. We believe that mammograms are well-known to be widely available. And the earlier and more frequent screening described here is not earlier or more frequent than what many guidelines recommend, so would not be expected to be denied by health insurers. The story makes clear the distinctive aspects of this study —using avoidance of more aggressive treatment regimens as a deciding factor, as opposed to the more extreme avoidance of cancer death. The story goes beyond what was contained in a news release on the presentation at the American Society of Breast Surgeons annual meeting. Claim: Earlier Mammograms May Mean Less Need for Aggressive Treatments

SOLUTION: This HealthDay news story reports on findings among women diagnosed with breast cancer: those who had longer intervals between mammograms end up getting more aggressive treatments, including chemotherapy and surgery. The story would have been stronger had it described the findings using absolute rather than relative numbers. But, we were glad to see an independent source offer some reservations about the small observational study raised. A final note — the image accompanying the story was laughably unrealistic. Mammograms are the primary screening method for detecting breast cancer. However, when to start getting mammograms and how often to get screened have been subjects of controversy for the past decade. That’s because the data on how to balance risk of developing breast cancer and the risk of harms from screening (unnecessary tests and procedures) are interpreted differently by doctors and other experts. A story that adds new data to the field and that might tip current guidelines one way or the other is newsworthy.

PROBLEM: Paragraph: McLaren Flint Hospital on Friday requested an administrative hearing before the state enforces the terms of an order over issues with the bacteria that causes Legionnaires’ disease. The Flint Journal reports McLaren’s attorneys say the order issued Wednesday by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services and Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs contains allegations, findings and conclusions that are untrue. Flint, while under state financial management, switched to the Flint River for water in 2014 without treating it to reduce corrosion. Lead leached from pipes, contaminating the system. At the same time, a deadly Legionnaires’ disease outbreak occurred that led to criminal charges against government officials. ___ Information from: The Flint Journal, http://www.mlive.com/flint Claim: Flint hospital wants hearing on order over Legionella risks.

SOLUTION: A Flint hospital ordered by the state to take steps to reduce the risk of exposure to Legionella bacteria wants a hearing on the matter.

PROBLEM: Paragraph: On May 9 2019, a poster attributed to Delta Airlines apparently urging workers to forgo union dues in favor of purchasing video gaming consoles circulated on Facebook and Twitter:lol fuck off @Delta pic.twitter.com/fMNOeW9uFG— Eoin Higgins (@EoinHiggins_) May 9, 2019Above a rendering of a video game controller, blue and red text urged Delta employees to purchase expensive consoles instead of paying union dues:UNION DUES COST AROUND $700 A YEARA NEW VIDEO GAME SYSTEM WITH THE LATEST HITS SOUNDS LIKE FUN. PUT YOUR MONEY TOWARDS THAT INSTEAD OF PAYING DUES TO THE UNION.The image also featured Delta’s logo and a website: DontRiskItDontSignIt.com. Eoin Higgins’ tweet above was shared more than 50,000 times in under six hours:Yikes, @Delta. Call us when Xbox makes a model that can raise wages, guarantee paid leave, and make jobs safer and more secure. Until then, we’re sticking with the #union. #1u https://t.co/8Bb8phfzeK— Transp. Trades Dept. (@TTDAFLCIO) May 9, 2019Union contract: ✅ Can afford a new video game system ✅ Guard against bad bosses ✅ If I get laid off my boss has to negotiate the terms with my union ✅ Free access to lawyers ✅ More benefitsVideo game system: you have $700 lessDelta help me I’m not sure what to decide— Brett Banditelli (@banditelli) May 9, 2019Reminder that companies only start printing anti-union myths and propaganda once they start seeing worker power in action and realize what they are up against.Keep it up Delta employees! ✊🏿✊🏼✊🏾 https://t.co/UV8wlJ6tKg— Game Workers Unite ✊🏿✊🏽✊🏾 (@GameWorkers) May 9, 2019Wow. Delta would give you plenty of time to play video games when they fire you for no good reason because you’re an At Will employee. But a union contract protects your paycheck from arbitrary terminations. @AFLCIO @EoinHiggins_ pic.twitter.com/bM9cTtWn0o— RWDSU (@RWDSU) May 9, 2019The image shared by Higgins was also shared to Reddit’s r/WTF and r/ChapoTrapHouse:Gamers please don’t rise up. from ChapoTrapHouseIn response to questions about the origin of the image, Higgins said that he would explain further in an upcoming article:I’ll have answers to that and more in a piece— Eoin Higgins (@EoinHiggins_) May 9, 2019Delta’s anti-union site DontRiskItDontSignIt.com featured a “printables” section, but the viral “video games” poster had either been removed, or it had never appeared on the site to begin with. However, many of the available images closely resembled the poster:One of the “printables” available as of May 9 2019 (archived here) featured a structure similar to the circulating image:However, we were unable to locate any images of the same poster uploaded to the internet prior to Higgins’ tweet. On the day the tweet began circulating, IAM issued a statement about attacks from Delta on the website IAMDelta.net and on Twitter:Our statement on @Delta's attack on their own employees. #DoBetterDelta pic.twitter.com/2Kby5wTkbu— Machinists Union (@MachinistsUnion) May 9, 2019We contacted Delta and the International Association of Machinists (IAM, the target of Delta’s union-busting efforts) to ask about the origin and authenticity of the “video games” poster. We have received no response from the airline, but the union confirmed their existence on Twitter:In employee break rooms.— Machinists Union (@MachinistsUnion) May 9, 2019There was more than one poster in the same vein, all of which shared the aesthetic of the website:Video games, baseball, and football? Really @Delta? Our workers want a voice on the job. #GameOverDelta #1u pic.twitter.com/AdSgxSxVHh— AFL-CIO (@AFLCIO) May 10, 2019According to investigative journalism site Sludge, the site and posters are the work of a public relations firm that is notorious for its aggressive campaigns:FTI employees don’t just create websites and messaging. They also work as undercover agents for some of their clients.Earlier this year, FTI employees posed as journalists for Western Wire—another website that shares a server with Delta’s anti-union site—and attempted to question attorneys working with environmental nonprofit EarthRights International about its lawsuit against ExxonMobil. Legal ethics prohibit attorneys from speaking with representatives for opposing parties without their attorneys being present, so the attempt by FTI to question the EarthRights International attorneys under the guise of journalism can easily be seen as an attempt to circumvent legal ethics to gather intel for their client, ExxonMobil.We asked Delta for comment, but have not yet heard back. Claim: Delta Airlines created a union-busting poster urging workers to buy video gaming consoles with would-be union dues.

SOLUTION:
Delta Union-Busting ‘Video Games’ Poster