Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Right ventricular pacing (RVP) has been associated with heart failure and increased mortality. His-bundle pacing (HBP) is more physiological but requires a mapping catheter or a backup right ventricular lead and is technically challenging.', 'We sought to assess the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of permanent HBP in an unselected population as compared to RVP.', 'All patients requiring pacemaker implantation routinely underwent attempt at permanent HBP using the Select Secure (model 3830) pacing lead in the year 2011 delivered through a fixed-shaped catheter (C315 HIS) at one hospital and RVP at the second hospital. Patients were followed from implantation, 2 weeks, 2 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Fluoroscopy time (FT), pacing threshold (PTh), complications, heart failure hospitalization, and mortality were compared.', 'HBP was attempted in 94 consecutive patients, while 98 patients underwent RVP. HBP was successful in 75 patients (80%). FT was similar (12.7 ± 8 minutes vs 10 ± 14 minutes; median 9.1 vs 6.4 minutes; P = .14) and PTh was higher in the HBP group than in the RVP group (1.35 ± 0.9 V vs 0.6 ± 0.5 V at 0.5 ms; P < .001) and remained stable over a 2-year follow-up period. In patients with >40% ventricular pacing (>60% of patients), heart failure hospitalization was significantly reduced in the HBP group than in the RVP group (2% vs 15%; P = .02). There was no difference in mortality between the 2 groups (13% in the HBP group vs 18% in the RVP group; P = .45).

Answer: Is permanent His-bundle pacing feasible , safe , and superior to right ventricular pacing in routine clinical practice?


Question: To determine whether early enteral feeding in a septic intensive care unit (ICU) population, using a formula supplemented with arginine, mRNA, and omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil (Impact), improves clinical outcomes, when compared with a common use, high protein enteral feed without these nutrients.', 'A prospective, randomized, multicentered trial.', 'ICUs of six hospitals in Spain.', 'One hundred eighty-one septic patients (122 males, 59 females) presenting for enteral nutrition in an ICU.', 'Septic ICU patients with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores of > or =10 received either an enteral feed enriched with arginine, mRNA, and omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil (Impact), or a common use, high protein control feed (Precitene Hiperproteico).', 'One hundred seventy-six (89 Impact patients, 87 control subjects) were eligible for intention-to-treat analysis. The mortality rate was reduced for the treatment group compared with the control group (17 of 89 vs. 28 of 87; p < .05). Bacteremias were reduced in the treatment group (7 of 89 vs. 19 of 87; p = .01) as well as the number of patients with more than one nosocomial infection (5 of 89 vs. 17 of 87; p = .01). The benefit in mortality rate for the treatment group was more pronounced for patients with APACHE II scores between 10 and 15 (1 of 26 vs. 8 of 29; p = .02).

Answer: Does an immune-enhancing enteral diet reduce mortality rate and episodes of bacteremia in septic intensive care unit patients?


Question: The goal of this investigation was to examine the effect of immunity to nerve growth factor (NGF) on alterations in sensory nerves from the urinary bladder in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and their projections to the L6/S1 spinal cord following urethral obstruction in the rat.', 'Female Wistar rats were immunized to murine 2.5S NGF, then obstructed by partial urethral ligation for 6 weeks. Retrograde axonal tracing with FluoroGold and WGA-HRP was used to measure areas of bladder DRG cells and afferent projections in the sacral spinal cord. Multiunit activity on bladder nerves allowed recording of micturition reflexes. Immunohistochemical staining for growth associated protein (GAP)-43 in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) was used to assess potential growth or activity of axons in the spinal cord. Voiding frequencies were then measured in awake obstructed and NGF immune-obstructed rats.', 'Immunity to NGF prevented obstruction-induced hypertrophy of DRG neurons, reduced retrograde axonal labeling of sacral afferent projections, eliminated enhancement of a spinal micturition reflex and abolished the increased GAP-43 expression in the SPN. Immunity to NGF prevented the urinary frequency that accompanies obstruction.

Answer:
Does immunity to nerve growth factor prevent afferent plasticity following urinary bladder hypertrophy?