Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: Recent studies suggest that the inconsistent outcomes of patellofemoral pain (PFP) treatment may result from the unclear understanding of changes in the structures remote from the knee joint. Due to the crucial influence of core stability on the knee function, this study aimed to evaluate the recruitment pattern of core muscles in individuals with and without PFP.', 'Sixty women aged 18 to 40years, including 30 subjects diagnosed with PFP and 30 healthy controls rose on to their toes as quickly and strongly as possible in response to a sound alarm in standing position. Electromyographic onsets of the transversus abdominis (TrA)/internal oblique (IO), erector spinae (ES), and gluteus medius (GM) muscles were expressed relative to the electromyographic onset of the prime mover (i.e. soleus). Independent t-tests were performed to compare the onsets of each muscle between the groups. The nonparametric Friedman test and the post-hoc of Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to describe the muscle activation pattern within the groups.', 'The results revealed different recruitment patterns of the core muscles between the groups. In the healthy group the GM and TrA/IO contracted, almost simultaneously, in anticipation of the prime mover contraction (sol). However, in PFP subjects a significant delay in the contraction of TrA/IO changed the pattern of muscle activation.

Output: 0


Input: Consider Input: To clarify the social issues and problems associated with burn care in Japan, based on a cost analysis of acute burn care.', 'A retrospective review was undertaken of 71 patients admitted with burns at Nippon Medical School between January 1 and December 31, 1997. A cost analysis was performed for three major burn patients with a burn surface area (BSA) of 70% to 80% and three minor burn patients with a BSA of 20% to 30%. A questionnaire was administered to both burn patients and medical providers in all 127 emergency centers to help improve long-term quality of life (QOL).', '80% of burn patients were under age 70. In the major burn cases, the amount of reimbursement according to the government-regulated fee schedule was much less than the cost of treatment. The ratio of the cost of both medication and materials to total cost of treatment was higher for patients with major burns. Patients responding to the survey acknowledged being generally happy despite suffering from psychological and financial problems. A total of 413 medical providers from 63 institutions responded to the survey regarding improving long-term QOL.

Output: 1


Input: Consider Input: Increased levels of allergen-reactive immunoglobulins (Igs) have been reported in nasal fluids from patients with intermittent allergic rhinitis (IAR) sensitive to ragweed and grass. The aims of this study were to make a detailed characterization of nasal fluid Igs in birch pollen-induced IAR.', 'Nasal fluids were obtained from 23 patients with birch pollen-induced IAR during and after the birch pollen season, and from 20 healthy controls. Nasal fluid total and Bet v 1-reactive (IgA), IgE and IgG as well as albumin were analyzed by immunoassays. The integrity of IgA and IgG, and the molecular form of IgA were assessed by Western blotting and column fractionation, respectively.', 'Nasal fluid total IgE and IgG, but not IgA, were higher in patients compared with controls. Western blotting indicated no significant degradation of IgA (including S-IgA) and IgG. Most of the IgA, including Bet v 1-reactive antibodies, was of the secretory form and of the IgA1 subclass. Bet v 1-reactive IgA and IgG were present in all patients, but was mostly nondetectable in controls. No significant differences in the levels of Bet v 1-reactive IgA and IgG were found in patients during the birch pollen season compared with off season. Both Bet v 1 and Bet v 2-reactive IgE were nondetectable in most samples.


Output: 0