In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[Q]: all other amendments require the court's permission or a stipulation of the parties.
[A]: non-overruling


[Q]: if the defendant is a natural person at least 18 years of age or emancipated by court order, by:
[A]: non-overruling


[Q]: see 6th cir. (""published panel opinions are binding on later panels.
[A]:
non-overruling