instruction:
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
question:
This quantity can be defined as minus the temperature times the derivative of entropy with respect to particle number. The Gibbs factor is a generalization of the Boltzmann factor that takes this quantity into account. Usually defined as the derivative of the Helmholtz free energy with respect to particle number, FTP name this quantity which governs particle flow, as particles flow from systems with higher values to systems with lower values.
answer:
Science


question:
Self-Perception Theory is an alternative explanation of the data behind this this that focuses on observable behavior rather than mental processes, and counter-attitudinal advocacy is a brainwashing technique based on this. When a person undergoes this, extrinsic justification is preferred to intrinsic justification. A famous 1959 experiment dealing with this concept demonstrated that people paid a trivial amount of money rated mundane tasks more interesting than their higher-paid counterparts did. First proposed in 1957 by Leon Festinger after observations of a doomsday cult, this is, for ten points, what condition that is caused when a person has two or more conflicting ideas
answer:
Social Science


question:
Primary ones can be made from phthalimide anions without danger of overalkylation, a convenient synthesis discovered by Siegmund Gabriel. They can also be made by reducing alkyl azides via either catalytic hydrogenation or treatment with lithium aluminum hydride. They can be converted to alkenes via the Hoffmann elimination, or acylated to form amides. Most of their chemistry is due to the reactivity of a lone pair, which makes them function as bases, and the simplest one is ammonia. FTP, name this class of compounds characterized by the presence of a nitrogen atom.
answer:

Science