In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Ex Input:
Context: Correlation between tumor volume and hormone levels in individual patients would permit calculation of the fraction of tumor removed by surgery, by measuring postoperative hormone levels. The goals of this study were to examine the relationship between tumor volume, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, and to assess the correlation between percent tumor removal and the reduction in plasma GH and IGF-1 in patients with acromegaly.', 'The 3D region of interest-based volumetric method was used to measure tumor volume via MRI before and after surgery in 11 patients with GH-secreting adenomas. The volume of residual tumor as a fraction of preoperative tumor volume was correlated with GH levels before and after surgery. Examination of this potential correlation required selection of patients with acromegaly who 1) had incomplete tumor removal, 2) had precise measurements of initial and residual tumor, and 3) were not on medical therapy.', 'Densely granulated tumors produced more peripheral GH per mass of tumor than sparsely granulated tumors (p = 0.04). There was a correlation between GH and IGF-1 levels (p = 0.001). Although there was no close correlation between tumor size and peripheral GH levels, after normalizing each tumor to its own plasma GH level and tumor volume, a comparison of percent tumor resection with percent drop in plasma GH yielded a high correlation coefficient (p = 0.006).\Question: Does percent reduction of growth hormone levels correlate closely with percent resected tumor volume in acromegaly?

Ex Output:
Densely granulated somatotropinomas produce more GH per mass of tumor than do sparsely granulated tumors. Each GH-secreting tumor has its own intrinsic level of GH production per mass of tumor, which is homogeneous over the tumor mass, and which varies greatly between tumors. In most patients the fraction of a GH-secreting tumor removed by surgery can be accurately estimated by simply comparing plasma GH levels after surgery to those before surgery.


Ex Input:
Context: The effect of inhalational anesthetics on sensory-evoked unit activity in the cerebral cortex has been controversial. Desflurane has desirable properties for in vivo neurophysiologic studies, but its effect on cortical neuronal activity and neuronal responsiveness is not known. The authors studied the effect of desflurane on resting and visual evoked unit activity in rat visual cortex in vivo.', 'Desflurane was administered to adult albino rats at steady-state concentrations at 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. Flashes from a light emitting diode were delivered to the left eye at 5-s intervals. Extracellular unit activity within the right visual cortex was recorded using a 49-electrode array. Individual units were identified using principal components analysis.', 'At 2% desflurane, 578 active units were found. Of these, 75% increased their firing rate in response to flash. Most responses contained early (0-100 ms) and late (150-1000 ms) components. With increasing desflurane concentration, the number of units active at baseline decreased (-13%), the number of early-responding units increased (+31%), and number of late-responding units decreased (-15%). Simultaneously, baseline firing rate decreased (-77%), the early response was unchanged, and the late response decreased (-60%).\Question: Does desflurane selectively suppress long-latency cortical neuronal response to flash in the rat?

Ex Output:
The results indicate that visual cortex neurons remain responsive to flash stimulation under desflurane anesthesia, but the long-latency component of their response is attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner. Suppression of the long-latency response may be related to a loss of corticocortical feedback and loss of consciousness.


Ex Input:
Context: To demonstrate bioequivalence of linagliptin/metformin fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablets and the corresponding combination of individual tablets taken together, i.e., free-pill (FP) treatment.', 'Three dosing combinations were evaluated in three separate randomized studies: linagliptin 2.5 mg with 500 mg, 850 mg, or 1,000 mg metformin. These studies used a prospective, open-label, randomized, two-way crossover design to evaluate bioequivalence in healthy volunteers (n = 287). After an overnight fast, participants received an FDC tablet once, and on a separate visit received the corresponding FP treatment. The two possible treatment sequences (FDC/FP and FP/FDC) were randomly allocated to the participants. A washout period of 35 days separated the two study treatments. The primary endpoints were maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of linagliptin and metformin, area under the plasma concentration time curve from 0 to 72 hours (AUC0-72) for linagliptin, and from 0 to infinity (AUC0-inf) for metformin.', 'The 90% confidence intervals of the adjusted geometric mean ratios of Cmax and AUC (calculated as FDC/ FP) were within the bioequivalence acceptance limits of 80 - 125%. The number of participants reporting at least one adverse event following FDC treatments was comparable to, or less than, that following FP treatments. Evaluation of vital signs and clinical laboratory tests revealed no safety issues.\Question: Is linagliptin fixed-dose combination with metformin bioequivalent to co-administration of linagliptin and metformin as individual tablets?

Ex Output:

FDC tablets of linagliptin and metformin are bioequivalent to individual tablets of respective dose strengths taken together. Both treatments were well tolerated.