In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

A version of spectroscopy that is free of one form of this effect uses a standing wave to give radiation to a moving atom and is named for its two-photon transition. Due to this effect, atoms observe laser resonance leading to the phenomenon of optical molasses at its namesake cooling limit. Mossbauer spectroscopy uses this effect to modulate the energy of the incident gamma rays. An experiment that used a canal ray tube and a mirror to view light emissions was used to detect the transverse form of this effect, while its relativistic form involves changes equal to the square root of one plus beta over one minus beta. For 10 points, name this shift in the wavelength from a moving source that can be heard by an observer.
Science

It causes the weak bluish white glow in polls of water that shield some nuclear reactors. It is created by highly energetic charged particles that displace electrons in the medium through which they travel, and the subsequent electromagnetic wave in the wake of these particles is similar to the bow wave of a fast boat. FTP, what is this light produced when charged particles move through a medium faster than the speed of light in that medium
Science

The penultimate section of this work was written with the injunction that "had my mother cooked meat, I would have remained longer. " That piece is a combination of two folk songs, and is followed by a section said to be "da capo. " The 10th section starts in the bass until the main subject is given in soprano in bar 9, and is titled a "Fughetta. " Wanda Landowska produced the first recording of it, written in an attempt to soothe the insomnia of Count Kayserling. Beginning and ending with a characteristic sarabande in 3/4 time, it contains a quodlibet in addition to the two arias. Famously performed with humming by Glenn Gould, FTP name this collection of 30 works for harpsichord named for its first performer, some variations written by J. S. Bach.

Fine Arts