TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Positive Train Control Enforcement 
and Implementation Act of 2015''.

SEC. 2. ENSURING SAFE IMPLEMENTATION OF POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL ON 
              POISONOUS OR TOXIC-BY-INHALATION AND PASSENGER RAIL 
              LINES.

    Section 20157 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)--
                    (A) by striking ``18 months after the date of 
                enactment of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008'' 
                and inserting ``60 days after the date of enactment of 
                the Positive Train Control Enforcement and 
                Implementation Act of 2015'';
                    (B) by striking ``develop'' and inserting 
                ``revise'';
                    (C) by striking ``December 31, 2015'' and inserting 
                ``December 31, 2018, or the deadline determined 
                appropriate by the Secretary pursuant to paragraph 
                (2)''; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``parts'' and 
                inserting ``sections'';
            (2) by striking subsection (a)(2) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(2) Authority to extend deadline.--
                    ``(A) The Secretary may extend the deadline 
                described in paragraph (1) of this subsection, 
                applicable to each carrier or entity required to submit 
                a plan under paragraph (1), for a period not to exceed 
                12 months if such a carrier or entity demonstrates to 
                the satisfaction of the Secretary that such carrier or 
                entity--
                            ``(i) will not be able to implement a 
                        positive train control system by the deadline 
                        described in paragraph (1) due to technical, 
                        programmatic, or operational challenges, such 
                        as availability of public funding, spectrum, 
                        technology, and interoperability standards;
                            ``(ii) has taken actions to address such 
                        challenges and mitigate risks to successful 
                        implementation of a positive train control 
                        system; and
                            ``(iii) has made good faith efforts to 
                        implement the plan described in paragraph (1).
                    ``(B)(i) The Secretary may grant an additional one-
                time extension of the deadline described in paragraph 
                (1), applicable to each carrier or entity required to 
                submit a plan under paragraph (1), not to exceed 12 
                months, if such a carrier or entity, or a group 
                thereof, is not able to fully implement a positive 
                train control system on or before the date that is the 
                last day of the extension granted under subparagraph 
                (A), and such carrier or entity--
                            ``(I) demonstrates to the satisfaction of 
                        the Secretary that implementing a positive 
                        train control system was delayed due to 1 or 
                        more circumstances beyond the control of the 
                        carrier or entity, such as a delay in Federal 
                        approval of a plan, testing, or certification; 
                        or
                            ``(II) demonstrates to the satisfaction of 
                        the Secretary--
                                    ``(aa) that such carrier or entity 
                                will not be able to implement a 
                                positive train control system by the 
                                deadline described in paragraph (1) due 
                                to technical, programmatic, or 
                                operational challenges;
                                    ``(bb) due diligence in its efforts 
                                to fully implement a positive train 
                                control system; and
                                    ``(cc) that substantial progress 
                                has been made in deploying positive 
                                train control, to the extent feasible.
                    ``(ii) A demonstrating carrier or entity under 
                clause (i) must certify to the Secretary in writing 
                that such carrier or entity will be in full compliance 
                with the requirements of this section on or before the 
                date that is the last date of the extension granted 
                under clause (i).
            ``(3) Implementation.--
                    ``(A) The revised plan shall--
                            ``(i) describe how the railroad carrier or 
                        entity will provide for interoperability of the 
                        system with movements of trains of other 
                        railroad carriers or entities over its lines;
                            ``(ii) to the extent practical, provide for 
                        implementation of the system in a manner that 
                        addresses areas of greater risk before areas of 
                        lesser risk;
                            ``(iii) comply with this section and 
                        subpart I of part 236 of title 49, Code of 
                        Federal Regulations; and
                            ``(iv) include a detailed schedule and 
                        sequence for fully implementing a positive 
                        train control system in accordance with this 
                        section and such regulations.
                    ``(B) The railroad carrier shall implement a 
                positive train control system in accordance with such 
                plan.'';
            (3) by striking subsections (c) and (d) and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(c) Progress Reports.--Not later than January 1, 2017, and 
annually thereafter until full implementation of positive train control 
systems has been completed, each railroad carrier or entity required to 
revise and transmit a plan under subsection (a) shall submit to the 
Secretary a report on the progress of such carrier or entity toward 
implementing positive train control systems.
    ``(d) Reports.--
            ``(1) Congressional notification.--Not later than April 1, 
        2018, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate a report on the progress of the 
        railroad carriers in implementing positive train control 
        systems.
            ``(2) Public availability.--The Secretary shall make 
        available to the public on the Department of Transportation's 
        Internet Web site each progress report submitted pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) and subsection (c).''; and
            (4) in subsection (h)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Provisional operation.--In lieu of the requirements 
        of paragraph (1), the Secretary may authorize a railroad 
        carrier or other entity to commence operation in revenue 
        service of a positive train control system or component to the 
        extent necessary to enable the safe implementation of positive 
        train control systems in phases.''.

SOLUTION: Positive Train Control Enforcement and Implementation Act of 2015 This bill extends deadlines and modifies requirements for railroad carriers and providers of intercity or commuter rail passenger transportation to implement positive train control (PTC) systems.  (A PTC system is a communications and signaling system designed to prevent train-to-train collisions, over-speed derailments, incursions into established work zone limits, and the movement of a train through a switch left in the wrong position. Railroads which carry passengers or have high-volume freight traffic with certain hazardous materials are required to implement a PTC system.)  Within 60 days of enactment of this bill, each Class I railroad carrier (the largest operators by revenue) and provider of intercity or commuter rail passenger transportation must submit to the Department of Transportation (DOT) a plan for implementing PTC by December 31, 2018, instead of the December 31, 2015, deadline required under current law. DOT may extend the deadline if specified requirements are met.  The revised plan must include a detailed schedule and sequence for fully implementing PTC in a manner that complies with specified regulations, and railroads must implement PTC in accordance with the plan.  DOT may authorize a railroad carrier or other entity to begin the provisional operation of a PTC system without the required certification if it is necessary to enable the safe implementation of PTC in phases. 

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Prison Judgment Relief Act of 
1995''.

SEC. 2. APPROPRIATE REMEDIES FOR PRISON CONDITIONS.

    (a) In General.--Section 3626 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 3626. Appropriate remedies with respect to prison conditions
    ``(a) Requirements for Relief.--
            ``(1) Limitations on prospective relief.--The court shall 
        not grant or approve any prospective relief unless the court 
        finds that there is a violation of a Federal right and that 
        such relief is narrowly drawn and the least intrusive means to 
        remedy the violation of the Federal right. In determining the 
        intrusiveness of the relief, the court shall give substantial 
        weight to any adverse impact on public safety or the operation 
        of a criminal justice system caused by the relief.
            ``(2) Prison population reduction relief.--In any civil 
        action with respect to prison conditions, the court shall not 
        grant or approve any relief whose purpose or effect is to 
        reduce or limit the prison population, unless the plaintiff 
        proves that crowding is the primary cause of the deprivation of 
        the Federal right and no other relief will remedy that 
        deprivation.
    ``(b) Termination of Relief.--
            ``(1) Automatic termination of prospective relief after 4-
        year period.--In any civil action with respect to prison 
        conditions, any prospective relief shall automatically 
        terminate 4 years after the later of--
                    ``(A) the date of entry of the final judgment in 
                which the court found the violation of a Federal right 
                that was the basis for the relief; or
                    ``(B) in the case of a final judgment entered more 
                than 4 years before the date of the enactment of the 
                Prison Judgment Relief Act of 1995, 180 days after the 
                date of the enactment of such Act.
            ``(2) Immediate termination of prospective relief.--In any 
        civil action with respect to prison conditions, a defendant or 
        intervenor shall be entitled to the immediate termination of 
        any prospective relief, if that relief was approved or granted 
        in the absence of a finding by the court that prison conditions 
        violated a Federal right.
    ``(c) Procedure for Motions Affecting Prospective Relief.--The 
court shall promptly rule on any motion to modify or terminate 
prospective relief in a civil action with respect to prison conditions.
    ``(d) Standing.--Any Federal, State, or local official or unit of 
government--
            ``(1) whose jurisdiction or function includes the 
        prosecution or custody of persons in a prison subject to; or
            ``(2) who otherwise is or may be affected by;
any relief whose purpose or effect is to reduce or limit the prison 
population shall have standing to oppose the imposition or continuation 
in effect of that relief and may intervene in any proceeding relating 
to that relief. Standing shall be liberally conferred under this 
subsection so as to effectuate the remedial purposes of this section.
    ``(e) Special Masters.--In any civil action in a Federal court with 
respect to prison conditions, any special master or monitor shall be a 
United States magistrate and shall make proposed findings on the record 
on complicated factual issues submitted to that special master or 
monitor by the court, but shall have no other function. The parties may 
not by consent extend the function of a special master beyond that 
permitted under this subsection.
    ``(f) Attorney's Fees.--No attorney's fee under section 722 of the 
Revised Statutes of the United States (42 U.S.C. 1988) may be granted 
to a plaintiff in a civil action with respect to prison conditions 
except to the extent such fee is--
            ``(1) directly and reasonably incurred in proving an actual 
        violation of the plaintiff's Federal rights; and
            ``(2) proportionally related to the extent the plaintiff 
        obtains court ordered relief for that violation.''.
    ``(g) Definitions.--As used in this section--
            ``(1) the term `prison' means any Federal, State, or local 
        facility that incarcerates or detains juveniles or adults 
        accused of, convicted of, sentenced for, or adjudicated 
        delinquent for, violations of criminal law;
            ``(2) the term `relief' means all relief in any form which 
        may be granted or approved by the court, and includes consent 
        decrees and settlement agreements (except a settlement 
        agreement the breech of which is not subject to any court 
        proceeding which such agreement settled); and
            ``(3) the term `prospective relief' means all relief other 
        than compensatory monetary damages.''
    (b) Application of Amendment.--Section 3626 of title 18, United 
States Code, as amended by this section, shall apply with respect to 
all relief (as defined in such section) whether such relief was 
originally granted or approved before, on, or after the date of the 
enactment of this Act.
    (c) Clerical Amendment.--The item relating to section 3526 in the 
table of sections at the beginning of subchapter C of chapter 229 of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking ``crowding'' and 
inserting ``conditions''.

SOLUTION: Prison Judgment Relief Act of 1995 - Amends the Federal criminal code to prohibit the court from granting or approving prospective relief with respect to prison conditions unless it finds that there is a violation of a Federal right and that such relief is narrowly drawn and the least intrusive means to remedy the violation of such right. Directs the court, in determining the intrusiveness of the relief, to give substantial weight to any adverse impact on public safety or the operation of a criminal justice system. 
Prohibits the court, in any civil action with respect to such conditions, from granting or approving relief to reduce or limit the prison population, unless the plaintiff proves that crowding is the primary cause of the deprivation of the Federal right and no other relief will remedy that deprivation. 
Specifies that any prospective relief in such an action shall automatically terminate four years after the later of:  (1) the date of entry of the final judgment in which the court found the violation of a Federal right; or (2) 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act.  Entitles a defendant or intervenor to immediate termination of prospective relief that was approved or granted in the absence of a finding by the court that such conditions violated a Federal right. 
Requires the court to promptly rule on any motion to modify or terminate prospective relief in a civil action with respect to prison conditions. 
Sets forth provisions regarding:  (1) standing (Federal, State, or local officials shall have standing under specified circumstances to oppose the imposition or continuation of relief and to intervene in proceedings relating to that relief); (2) special masters; and (3) limits on attorney's fees.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE, FINDINGS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as ``Fire Safe Cigarette 
Act of 1994''.
    (b) Findings.--The Congress finds that--
            (1) cigarette ignited fires are the leading cause of fire 
        deaths in the United States,
            (2) in 1990 there were 1,200 deaths from cigarette ignited 
        fires, 3,360 civilian injuries from such fires, and $400 
        million in property damage caused by such fires,
            (3) over 100 children are killed each year from cigarette 
        related fires,
            (4) the results accomplished under the Cigarette Safety Act 
        of 1984 and the Fire Safe Cigarette Act of 1990 complete the 
        necessary technical work for a cigarette fire safety standard,
            (5) it is appropriate for the Congress to require by law 
        the establishment of a cigarette fire safety standard for the 
        manufacture and importation of cigarettes,
            (6) the most recent study by the Consumer Product Safety 
        Commission found that the cost of the loss of human life and 
        personal property from not having a cigarette fire safety 
        standard is $4,000,000,000 a year, and
            (7) it is appropriate that the regulatory expertise of the 
        Consumer Product Safety Commission be used to implement a 
        cigarette fire safety standard.

SEC. 2. CIGARETTE FIRE SAFETY STANDARD.

    (a) In General.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Consumer Product Safety Commission shall by 
rule issue a cigarette fire safety standard for cigarettes to reduce 
the risk of ignition presented by cigarettes. In establishing the 
standard the Commission shall--
            (1) consult with the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology and make use of its capabilities as it deems 
        necessary and seek the advice and expertise of other Federal 
        and State agencies engaged in fire safety, and
            (2) take into account the final report to the Congress made 
        by the Commission and the Technical Advisory Group established 
        under section 3 of the Fire Safe Cigarette Act of 1990 in which 
        it was found that cigarettes with a low ignition propensity are 
        already on the market.
    (b) Stockpiling.--The Commission shall include in the rule issued 
under subsection (a) a prohibition of stockpiling of cigarettes to 
which the standard issued under subsection (a) will not apply. For 
purposes of this subsection, the term ``stockpile'' means the 
manufacturing or importing of a cigarette between the date a standard 
is issued under subsection (a) and the date the standard is to take 
effect at a rate greater than the rate the cigarettes were manufactured 
or imported for the one year period ending on the date the standard was 
issued.
    (c) Procedure.--The rule under subsection (a) shall be issued in 
accordance with section 553 of title 5, United States Code.
    (d) Effective Date.--The Commission shall prescribe the effective 
date of the rule issued under subsection (a), except that such date may 
not be later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (e) Judicial Review.--
            (1) General rule.--Any person who is adversely affected by 
        a rule issued under subsection (a) may, at any time before the 
        60th day after the Commission issues the rule, file a petition 
        with the United States Court of Appeals for the District of 
        Columbia Circuit or for any other circuit in which such person 
        resides or has its principal place of business to obtain 
        judicial review of the rule. A copy of the petition shall be 
        forthwith transmitted by the clerk of the court to the 
        Secretary. The Commission shall file in the court the record of 
        the proceedings on which the Commission based the rule as 
        provided in section 2112 of title 28, United States Code.
            (2) Additional evidence.--If the petitioner applies to the 
        court for leave to adduce additional evidence, and shows to the 
        satisfaction of the court that such additional evidence is 
        material and that there was no opportunity to adduce such 
        evidence in the proceeding before the Commission, the court may 
        order such additional evidence (and evidence in rebuttal 
        thereof) to be taken before the Commission in a hearing or in 
        such other manner, and upon such terms and conditions, as the 
        court deems proper. The Commission may modify the Commission's 
        findings as to the facts, or make new findings, by reason of 
        the additional evidence so taken, and the Commission shall file 
        such modified or new findings, and the Commission's 
        recommendations, if any, for the modification of the rule.
            (3) Court jurisdiction.--Upon the filing of a petition 
        under paragraph (1), the court shall have jurisdiction to 
        review the rule of the Commission, as modified, in accordance 
        with chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code.

SEC. 3. ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Prohibition.--No person may manufacture or import a cigarette 
unless the cigarette is in compliance with a cigarette fire safety 
standard issued under section 2(a).
    (b) Penalty.--A violation of subsection (a) shall be considered a 
violation of section 19 of the Consumer Product Safety Act.

SEC. 4. PREEMPTION.

    (a) In General.--This Act and the cigarette fire safety standard 
promulgated under section 2(a) do not preempt or otherwise affect in 
any way any law of a State or political subdivision which prescribes a 
fire safety standard for cigarettes which is more stringent than the 
standard promulgated under section 2(a).
    (b) Defenses.--In any civil action for damages compliance with the 
fire safety standard promulgated under section 2(a) may not be admitted 
as a defense.

SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS.

    For purposes of this Act:
            (1) The term ``Commission'' means the Consumer Product 
        Safety Commission.
            (2) The term ``cigarette'' has the meaning prescribed by 
        section 3 of the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising 
        Act.

SOLUTION:
Fire Safe Cigarette Act of 1994 - Directs the Consumer Product Safety Commission to issue by rule a fire safety standard for cigarettes.  Prohibits stockpiling of cigarettes between the issuing and effective dates of the standard.  Provides for judicial review of the standard.  Prohibits manufacture or importing of cigarettes unless in compliance with such standard.  States that this Act and the standard issued under it does not preempt any law of a State which prescribes a more stringent fire safety standard for cigarettes.