instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
The hormone melatonin regulates the sleep and this pineal hormone is synthesized in the organism from the amino acid tryptophan. It is known that breast-fed babies have better sleep patterns and a better entrained sleep/wake cycle than bottle-fed babies (adapted formula).', "To compare the circadian rhythm of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s)--the metabolite of melatonin excreted in the urine--in urine of bottle-fed and breast-fed children, and relate it to the circadian rhythm of tryptophan in breast milk, also evaluating the possible effects on the baby's night-time rest.", '16 infants of 12 weeks of age were studied, divided into two groups depending on their exclusively natural or artificial feeding. The circadian rhythm of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in urine was measured for the two groups of infants and for the breast-feeding mothers. In the breast milk, the circadian rhythm of the amino acid tryptophan was measured. The rest of the infants was tested by wrist actimeters for a week and the sleep parameters of the infants were measured and evaluated.', 'The tryptophan in the breast milk presented a circadian rhythm with acrophase at around 03:00. This affected the 6-sulfatoxymelatonin circadian rhythm with acrophase at 06:00 in the breast-fed infants, and also promoted nocturnal sleep. Assumed sleep, actual sleep, and sleep efficiency were significantly increased in the breast fed infants with respect the formula fed infants.
answer:
1


question:
To assess the activity of mTOR and downstream effector proteins in the mTOR pathway after treatment with a dual mTOR complex 1 and 2 (mTORC1/2) inhibitor (PP242) compared with that of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor (rapamycin) using a xenograft tumor model.', 'Pheochromocytoma PC12 cell were xenografted into nude mice. Animals were treated with PP242 and rapamycin. Mean tumor volume was compared across groups. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining was used to detect apoptosis. Immunoblot analysis was performed to assess mTORC1/2 activity using p-Akt, p-S6, and p-4E-BP1. The expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and the mediator of angiogenesis vascular endothelial growth factor were also investigated.', 'The mean tumor volume of PP242 was significantly lower than in other groups. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling results showed that PP242 markedly increased cell apoptosis compared with other groups. Immunoblot analysis of tumor lysates treated with PP242 demonstrated inhibition of activated p-Akt. We also observed that only PP242, but not rapamycin, significantly reduced Bcl-2 expression and markedly increased Bax expression. Rapamycin decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression, but not nearly as striking as seen in the PP242 group.
answer:
1


question:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intra-aortic filter on postoperative outcomes in high-risk cardiac surgical patients.', 'An intra-aortic filter was used in 316 (4.9%) of 6442 cardiac surgical cases from 2003 to 2013. A retrospective analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) registry data was performed for 204 patients with filter placement who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n = 89), valve replacement (n = 63) or combined CABG and valve replacement (n = 52), matched with 1224 patients without filter placement by STS mortality scores based on propensity scores. Generalized linear modelling was used to compare rates of complications as well as the length of stay and time in the intensive care unit (ICU). A P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.', 'Overall, patients with filters before matching had a significantly higher risk of death than did the patients without filters: 12.0% of patients with filters had an STS mortality risk score ≥4 vs 7.7% of patients without filters (P = 0.027). After analysis of the composite end-point of all STS major morbidities, the matched filter group had fewer overall complications (6.8 vs 13.2%, P = 0.02). The rate of postoperative respiratory failure was lower in the filter group (2.5 vs 7.0%, P = 0.01). Rates of stroke and new-onset haemodialysis, while not statistically different, were almost 50% lower in the filter group. Length of stay in the hospital and in the ICU was not significantly different; however, in patients with postoperative complications, time in the ICU (163 vs 189 h, P = 0.02) was shorter for the filter patients.
answer:

1