In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
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Question: Context_1 : Alles außer Mord (Everything but Murder) was a German crime television series which aired on the TV station ProSieben between 1993 and 1995. 14 episodes were produced. The series features various criminal cases of determined private investigator Uli Fichte (Dieter Landuris), who tells his clients: "I do everything - except murder". The series was an idea of Michael Baier. Context_2 : Let's Stay Together is an American romantic comedy television series created by Jacque Edmonds Cofer. It premiered on Black Entertainment Television (BET) on January 11, 2011. The title of the series refers to the Al Green landmark 1972 song of the same name. The series premiere drew 4.4 million viewers. Initially, "Soul Food" star Malinda Williams was cast in the lead role of Stacy. For undisclosed reasons, she was replaced by Nadine Ellis. Context_3 : Sex and the City was an American romantic comedy television series created by Darren Star and produced by HBO. Broadcast from 1998 until 2004, the original run of the show had a total of 94 episodes. Throughout its six-year run, the show received contributions from various producers, writers, and directors, perhaps most significantly from Michael Patrick King. Context_4 : Hope Elizabeth "Liza" Soberano ( ; born January 4, 1998) is a Filipino-American actress and model. She started in a range of television series and films, including "Wansapanataym" (2011), "Kung Ako'y Iiwan Mo" (2012), "She's the One" (2013), "Must Be... Love" (2013). She rose to prominence after playing the protagonist Maria Agnes Calay in the romantic comedy television series "Forevermore" (2014–15) with Enrique Gil. Since then, she has taken on starring roles with Gil in romantic comedy films "Just The Way You Are", based on the Wattpad book "The Bet", "Everyday I Love You" (both in 2015) and the television series "Dolce Amore" (2016). In 2017, she starred in the romantic comedy drama film "My Ex and Whys", and is confirmed to star in "Darna" as the eponymous comic book superheroine. Context_5 : Hugo's House of Horrors is a computer game released in 1990. Gray Design Associates (GDA) created a parser-based adventure game, reminiscent of the Sierra Entertainment "Quest" games (such as "King's Quest") and thematically similar to "Maniac Mansion". The game also features tongue-in-cheek comedy. Context_6 : Alles außer Sex (Sex & More) was a German "dramedy" television series which aired on the TV station ProSieben between 2005 and 2006. The German television premiered on 9 November 2005 with an audience of 2.9 million viewers. Thematically, it is similar to the American television series "Sex and the City" and the British series "Coupling". Context_7 : Kiznaiver (キズナイーバー , Kizunaībā ) is a Japanese anime television series produced by Trigger, Aniplex and Crunchyroll and written by Mari Okada. The series features character designs by Shirow Miwa. It also features the directorial debut of Hiroshi Kobayashi, assistant director of the anime "Rage of Bahamut" and episode director for "Kill la Kill". "Kiznaiver" follows a group of high school students who are chosen to be a part of an experimental program which creates bonds between people by forcing them to share each other's pain. It is thematically similar to Trigger's previous works, which deal with problems attributed to character interaction. The series' title and premise are based upon the Japanese words for "wound/scar" (傷 , kizu ) , and "bond/connection" (絆 , kizuna ) . Context_8 : The "Doctor Who" campfire trailer is a forty-second television trailer which promoted the fourth series of the British science fiction television series "Doctor Who". Filmed on one day in a studio, it stars David Tennant and Catherine Tate as the fourth series lead actors: the Tenth Doctor and his companion Donna Noble. The trailer was produced alongside three thematically similar but separate teaser trailers. The teaser trailers premiered in cinemas and on BBC One on 22 March 2008, and the full trailer premiered on BBC Online on 29 March 2008. Context_9 : "Let's Stay Together" is an American romantic comedy television series created by Jacque Edmonds Cofer. It premiered on BET on January 11, 2011. The series premiere drew 4.4 million viewers. Initially, "Soul Food" star Malinda Williams was cast in the lead role of Stacy. For undisclosed reasons, she was recast with Nadine Ellis. On April 20, 2013, BET announced that the series was renewed for a second season which aired 22 episodes starting in January 2012. For its second season, Erica Hubbard appeared infrequently due to her pregnancy. New cast member Kyla Pratt (formerly of UPN's "One on One") joined the cast portraying Crystal, Charles and Kita's cousin. At the 2012 BET Upfront on April 13, 2012, it was revealed that the show has been renewed for a third season. The third season premiered on March 26, 2013. In April 2013, BET Networks announced the show had been renewed for a fourth season which premiered on March 4, 2014. Context_10 : A to Z is an American romantic comedy television series created by Ben Queen. He served as an executive producer with Rashida Jones and Will McCormack for Warner Bros. Television. The series debuted on October 2, 2014, on NBC. On October 31, 2014, NBC canceled the series but aired the complete 13-episode run. The series finale aired on January 22, 2015. fact_1 : Alles außer Sex (Sex & More) was a German "dramedy" television series which aired on the TV station ProSieben between 2005 and 2006. fact_2 :  Thematically, it is similar to the American television series "Sex and the City" and the British series "Coupling". fact_3 : Sex and the City was an American romantic comedy television series created by Darren Star and produced by HBO. Question: Alles außer Sex was a German "dramedy" television series that was thematically similar to an American romantic comedy television series created by who?

Answer: Darren Star


Question: Context_1 : Arthur Bruce McDonald, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born August 29, 1943) is a Canadian astrophysicist. McDonald is the director of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Institute and holds the Gordon and Patricia Gray Chair in Particle Astrophysics at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. He was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Japanese physicist Takaaki Kajita. Context_2 : Brian David Josephson, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 4 January 1940), is a Welsh theoretical physicist and professor emeritus of physics at the University of Cambridge. Best known for his pioneering work on superconductivity and quantum tunnelling, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 for his prediction of the Josephson effect, made in 1962 when he was a 22-year-old PhD student at Cambridge University. Josephson is the only Welshman to have won a Nobel Prize in Physics. He shared the prize with physicists Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever, who jointly received half the award for their own work on quantum tunnelling. Context_3 : Douglas Dean Osheroff (born August 1, 1945) is a physicist known for his work in experimental condensed matter physics, in particular for his co-discovery of superfluidity in Helium-3. For his contributions he shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics along with David Lee and Robert C. Richardson. Context_4 : Takaaki Kajita (梶田 隆章 , Kajita Takaaki ) is a Japanese physicist, known for neutrino experiments at the Kamiokande and its successor, Super-Kamiokande. In 2015, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Canadian physicist Arthur B. McDonald. Context_5 : Dr. Eric 'Davis' Earle (died 24 December 2016) was a Canadian nuclear physicist. A Rhodes Scholar, he worked at Chalk River and helped organize Sudbury Neutrino Observatory as part of the project team whose director, Arthur B. McDonald, won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics. Context_6 : Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: "Nobelpriset i litteratur" ) has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: "den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning"). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here "work" refers to an author's work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year. The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Context_7 : Aage Niels Bohr (] ; 19 June 1922 – 8 September 2009) was a Danish nuclear physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 with Ben Mottelson and James Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection". Starting from Rainwater's concept of an irregular-shaped liquid drop model of the nucleus, Bohr and Mottelson developed a detailed theory that was in close agreement with experiments. Since his father, Niels Bohr, had won the prize in 1922, he and his father were one of the six pairs of fathers and sons who have both won the Nobel Prize and one of the four pairs who have both won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Context_8 : Reona Esaki (江崎 玲於奈 "Esaki Reona", born March 12, 1925), also known as Leo Esaki, is a Japanese physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Ivar Giaever and Brian David Josephson for his discovery of the phenomenon of electron tunneling. He is known for his invention of the Esaki diode, which exploited that phenomenon. This research was done when he was with Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (now known as Sony). He has also contributed in being a pioneer of the semiconductor superlattices. Context_9 : In particle physics, a massless particle is an elementary particle whose invariant mass is zero. The two known massless particles are both gauge bosons: the photon (carrier of electromagnetism) and the gluon (carrier of the strong force). However, gluons are never observed as free particles, since they are confined within hadrons. Neutrinos were originally thought to be massless. However, because neutrinos change flavor as they travel, at least two of the types of neutrinos must have mass. The discovery of this phenomenon, known as neutrino oscillation, led to Canadian scientist Arthur B. McDonald and Japanese scientist Takaaki Kajita sharing the 2015 Nobel prize in physics. Context_10 : Prof Albert Abraham Michelson (surname pronunciation anglicized as "Michael-son") FFRS HFRSE LLD (December 19, 1852 – May 9, 1931) was an American physicist known for his work on measuring the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment. In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics, becoming the first American to win the Nobel Prize in a science. fact_1 :  He was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Japanese physicist Takaaki Kajita. fact_2 : Takaaki Kajita (梶田 隆章 , Kajita Takaaki ) is a Japanese physicist, known for neutrino experiments at the Kamiokande and its successor, Super-Kamiokande. Question: Arthur B. McDonald shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2015 with the Japanese physicist known for what type of work?

Answer: neutrino experiments


Question: Context_1 : François Baron Englert (] ; born 6 November 1932) is a Belgian theoretical physicist and 2013 Nobel prize laureate (shared with Peter Higgs). He is Professor emeritus at the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) where he is member of the Service de Physique Théorique. He is also a Sackler Professor by Special Appointment in the School of Physics and Astronomy at Tel Aviv University and a member of the Institute for Quantum Studies at Chapman University in California. He was awarded the 2010 J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics (with Gerry Guralnik, C. R. Hagen, Tom Kibble, Peter Higgs, and Robert Brout), the Wolf Prize in Physics in 2004 (with Brout and Higgs) and the High Energy and Particle Prize of the European Physical Society (with Brout and Higgs) in 1997 for the mechanism which unifies short and long range interactions by generating massive gauge vector bosons. He has made contributions in statistical physics, quantum field theory, cosmology, string theory and supergravity. He is the recipient of the 2013 Prince of Asturias Award in technical and scientific research, together with Peter Higgs and the CERN. Context_2 : Douglas Dean Osheroff (born August 1, 1945) is a physicist known for his work in experimental condensed matter physics, in particular for his co-discovery of superfluidity in Helium-3. For his contributions he shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics along with David Lee and Robert C. Richardson. Context_3 : David Jeffrey Wineland (born February 24, 1944) is an American Nobel-laureate physicist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) physics laboratory. His work has included advances in optics, specifically laser cooling trapped ions and using ions for quantum computing operations. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Serge Haroche, for "ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems." Context_4 : Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: "Nobelpriset i litteratur" ) has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: "den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning"). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, here "work" refers to an author's work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year. The academy announces the name of the chosen laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895; the others are the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Context_5 : Serge Haroche (born 11 September 1944) is a French physicist who was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics jointly with David J. Wineland for "ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems", a study of the particle of light, the photon. This and his other works developed laser spectroscopy. Since 2001, Haroche is a Professor at the Collège de France and holds the Chair of Quantum Physics. In 1971 he defended his doctoral thesis in physics at the University of Paris VI, his research has been conducted under the direction of Claude Cohen-Tannoudji. Context_6 : Jerome Isaac Friedman (born March 28, 1930) is an American physicist. He is Institute Professor and Professor of Physics, "Emeritus, "at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Henry Kendall and Richard Taylor, for work showing an internal structure for protons later known to be quarks. Dr. Friedman currently sits on the Board of Sponsors of the "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists". Context_7 : Aage Niels Bohr (] ; 19 June 1922 – 8 September 2009) was a Danish nuclear physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 with Ben Mottelson and James Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection". Starting from Rainwater's concept of an irregular-shaped liquid drop model of the nucleus, Bohr and Mottelson developed a detailed theory that was in close agreement with experiments. Since his father, Niels Bohr, had won the prize in 1922, he and his father were one of the six pairs of fathers and sons who have both won the Nobel Prize and one of the four pairs who have both won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Context_8 : John Michael Kosterlitz (born June 22, 1943) is a British born Anglo-American physicist. He is a professor of physics at Brown University and the son of biochemist Hans Kosterlitz. He was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics along with David Thouless and Duncan Haldane for work on condensed matter physics. Context_9 : David James Thouless {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( , born 21 September 1934) is a British condensed-matter physicist. He is a winner of the Wolf Prize and laureate of the 2016 Nobel Prize for physics along with F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter. In 2016, Thouless was reported to be suffering from dementia. Context_10 : The Nobel Prize in Physics (Swedish: "Nobelpriset i fysik" ) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. fact_1 :  He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Serge Haroche, for "ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems." fact_2 : Serge Haroche (born 11 September 1944) is a French physicist who was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics jointly with David J. Wineland for "ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems", a study of the particle of light, the photon. Question: David J. Wineland won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics along with the French phyisicist who studied what particle?

Answer:
photon