Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: The etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease remain unknown. However, neutrophil infiltration into the inflammatory lesion is an important process in inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we used rat trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) ileitis as a Crohn's disease model, and investigated the effects of oral IS-741 (which inhibits the expression of Mac-1, a cell adhesion molecule) on leukocyte-endothelial interactions.", 'Rat ileitis was induced by the intraluminal injection of a TNBS solution (160 mg/kg in 50% ethanol) at a site 10 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. The rats then received oral IS-741 (50 mg/kg) or saline for 7 days. On the day 8 after the initial administration of IS-741 or saline, we determined the visible damage score, and assessed myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Concentrations of cytokines in the ileum, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also investigated the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and Mac-1 positive cells by histological examinations.', 'The administration of IS-741 resulted in a significant reduction of the visible damage score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and mucosal IL-8 levels in the ileum as compared with the saline administration. IS-741 also dramatically reduced the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and Mac-1 positive cells into the inflamed lesions.
Answer: These results indicate that the oral administration of IS-741 inhibits neutrophil infiltration into inflamed lesions, and is effective for attenuating rat TNBS ileitis. This new anti-inflammatory agent may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
[A]: Does a novel diamino-pyridine derivative ( IS-741 ) attenuate rat ileitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid?


[Q]: Context: Concomitant thyroid nodules are the most common reason for false-positive ultrasonography (US) results in primary hyperparathyroidism. The aims of this prospective clinical study were to evaluate false-positive US results according to the characteristics of concomitant thyroid nodules and to determine which characteristics of thyroid nodules are important.', 'This prospective study included 120 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to preoperative US results. Group 1 consisted of 32 patients with false-positive US results and group 2 consisted of 88 patients with true-positive US results.', 'The risk for false-positive US result was increased 25-fold for patients with parathyroid adenoma weight of more than 500 mg (odds ratio [OR], 25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.6-74.5), 75-fold for more than 1 posteriorly located thyroid (OR, 75; 95% CI, 19.3-293.4), 358-fold for the presence of exophytic thyroid nodules (OR, 358; 95% CI, 42.3-3036), and 423-fold for the presence of posteriorly located thyroid nodules (OR, 423; 95% CI, 49-3662).
Answer: Although there was no particular characteristic of concomitant thyroid nodules that contributes to false-positive US results, the posteriorly located thyroid nodules were the strongest correlate for the false-positive US results to other features.
[A]: Do the characteristics of concomitant thyroid nodules cause false-positive ultrasonography results in primary hyperparathyroidism?


[Q]: Context: The purpose of this study was to examine the osteotomy gap filling rate with new bone after open wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) without bone graft and the effects of smoking, lateral hinge fracture, and early full weight bearing.', 'A prospective series (N\xa0= 70) of open wedge HTOs with the TomoFix plate (DePuy Synthes, Umkirch, Germany) was performed. Radiologic follow-up examinations took place postoperatively, after 6 and 12 weeks, and after 6, 12, and 18 months to measure osteotomy gap filling at each follow-up. Bone healing was compared in smokers versus nonsmokers who underwent open wedge HTOs with intact lateral hinges. Fractured lateral hinges were classified according to the Takeuchi classification and separately analyzed regarding bone healing. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo early (11 days) or standard (6 weeks) full-weight-bearing rehabilitation.', 'A delay in the osteotomy gap filling rate between smokers and nonsmokers could be observed at all follow-up periods, but differences were not significant. A fracture of the lateral hinge was found in 39% of the patients. A type I fracture was observed in 14% of patients, a type II fracture was observed in 13%, and a type III fracture was found in 6%. The highest increase in the osteotomy gap filling rate was observed between 12 weeks and 6 months after surgery in patients with intact lateral hinges. For patients with unstable type II fractures, the highest increase in the gap filling rate was delayed until 6 to 12 months. Early full weight bearing had no effect on the gap filling rate in any of the patient groups evaluated.
Answer: This study shows that osteotomy gap filling after open wedge HTO is delayed in smokers and in patients in whom opening of the gap resulted in unstable lateral hinge fractures. Early full weight bearing did not have a significant effect on the gap filling rate.
[A]:
Do smoking and unstable hinge fractures cause delayed gap filling irrespective of early weight bearing after open wedge osteotomy?