In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[EX Q]: Context: The aim of this study was to develop an assay system that can quantify the amount of biomass in biofilms formed by different isogenic mutants of an Escherichia coli K-12 strain.', 'The reported assay, which is based on the BacTiter-Glo assay from Promega, uses bioluminescence to detect the intracellular concentration of ATP, which correlates with viable bacterial cell numbers. The quantitative data obtained with this ATP assay were compared to those obtained with the conventional crystal violet assay. As a qualitative control, scanning electron microscopy was performed.\Question: Does a combination of assays reveal biomass differences in biofilms formed by Escherichia coli mutants?
[EX A]: The ATP assay, the crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy yielded similar results for six of the eight strains tested. For the remaining two strains, the images from the scanning electron microscopy confirmed the results from the ATP assay.

[EX Q]: Context: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a pervasive and difficult to treat condition for which deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate white matter (SCCwm) is an emerging therapeutic option. However, neuropsychological safety data for this novel treatment have only been published for a small number of subjects. Moreover, little is known regarding the neuropsychological profile present in TRD patients at baseline, prior to initiation of DBS therapy. This report describes the neuropsychological effects of TRD and acute and chronic DBS of the SCCwm in patients with unipolar and bipolar TRD.', 'Patients with TRD (N = 17) were compared to a healthy control group (N = 15) on subtests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery and the Stroop Task. Patients were then tested again at subsequent time points of 1 and 6 months following the initiation of chronic DBS of the SCCwm.', 'Patients with TRD showed similar levels of performance to healthy controls on most neuropsychological measures, with the exception that the TRD group had slower processing speed. Patients with bipolar TRD, relative to those with unipolar TRD, obtained lower scores on measures of executive function and memory only at baseline. With acute and chronic SCCwm DBS, neuropsychological function improved in multiple domains including processing speed and executive function (planning, set shifting, response inhibition), and memory remained stable.\Question: Do neuropsychological function before and after subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation in patients with treatment-resistant depression?
[EX A]: Patients with TRD show slowed processing speed but otherwise largely preserved neuropsychological functioning. DBS of the SCCwm does not result in worsening of any aspect of neuropsychological function and may improve certain domains. Future research is warranted to better understand the effects of TRD and DBS on neuropsychological function.

[EX Q]: Context: Degradation of the extracellular matrix by malignant tumor cells has an essential role in the process of tumor invasion and metastasis. The 2 gelatinolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2 and MMP-9 are believed to be key enzymes in this process. We investigated the possible relationship between in situ gelatinolytic activity of MMPs and clinicopathological factors in patients with bladder cancer to clarify whether these proteins would be critical for tumor advancement in this disease.', 'We evaluated the intensity of gelatinolytic activity in 25 bladder cancer tissues by film in situ zymography (FIZ). To clarify the MMP(s) responsible for gelatinolytic activity in bladder cancer tissues we examined MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in bladder tissues by gelatin zymography. MMP expression was also confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. We then investigated the association between MMP expression detected by gelatin zymography and the intensity of gelatinolytic activity determined by FIZ.', 'FIZ demonstrated that all tumor tissues had in situ gelatinolytic activities. There was a statistically significant correlation between the intensity of gelatinolytic activity, and tumor grade, stage, vessel invasion and cause specific survival (p <0.05). Stronger in situ gelatinolytic patterns were documented in cases with higher pro and active MMP-2 expression.\Question: Does in situ gelatinolytic activity correlate with tumor progression and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer?
[EX A]:
FIZ enables the direct assessment of in situ gelatinolytic activity in bladder cancer tissues. The intensity of activity appears to affect the biology of carcinoma tissues. Our results indicate a major role for MMP-2 in in situ gelatinolysis in bladder cancer.