Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Example Input: Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are commonly used during hemodialysis. Early failure of AVFs is quite common with incidence of 43% to 63%. In this study we aimed to describe a novel approach to AVF surgery for improving early patency rates.', 'Patients were divided into two groups according to use of probing and warm-wash-out technique. Group I consisted of 31 patients with additional probing technique. Group II consisted of 32 patients without additional maneuver. End-to-side anastomosis were used to all patients. Technical success was defined as having palpation of a thrill on fistula. Flow rates of draining vein was measured at 1st hour, 24th hour, 1st week and 3rd week of surgery.', 'Classical maneuvers were performed until end of the anastomosis. At this time, vein lumen was washed by low-dosed heparinized warm fluid, with assistance of a simple catheter.', 'Technical success was similar in both groups at 1st hour and 24th hour, while there were significantly differences between groups at 1st week (p = 0.042) and 3rd week (p = 0.05) assessments. Flow rates were also measured significantly higher in Group I at 1st hour (p = 0.011) and 24th hour (p = 0.016). Flow rates were almost similar in two groups at 1st and 3rd weeks but overall success rate was higher in Group I comparing with Group II (96.8% vs. 81.3%, respectively, p = 0.05).
Example Output: 1

Example Input: The Mediterranean diet, rich in polyphenols, has shown to be cardioprotective. However the mechanisms involved remain unknown. We investigated whether supplementation with a pomegranate extract rich in polyphenols renders beneficial effects on coronary function in a clinically relevant experimental model and characterized the underlying mechanisms.', 'Pigs were fed a 10-day normocholesterolemic or hypercholesterolemic diet. Half of the animals were given a supplement of 625 mg/day of a pomegranate extract (Pomanox; 200 mg punicalagins/day). Coronary responses to escalating doses of vasoactive drugs (acetylcholine, calcium ionophore, and sodium nitroprusside) and L-NG-monomethylarginine (endothelial nitric oxide-synthase inhibitor) were measured using flow Doppler. Akt/endothelial nitric oxide-synthase axis activation, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression, oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage in the coronary artery, and lipoprotein resistance to oxidation were evaluated.', 'In dyslipidemic animals, Pomanox supplementation prevented diet-induced impairment of endothelial relaxation, reaching vasodilatory values comparable to normocholesterolemic animals upon stimulation with acetylcholine and/or calcium ionophore. These beneficial effects were associated with vascular Akt/endothelial nitric oxide-synthase activation and lower monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression. Pomanox supplementation reduced systemic oxidative stress (higher high-density lipoprotein-antioxidant capacity and higher low-density lipoprotein resistance to oxidation) and coronary deoxyribonucleic acid damage. Normocholesterolemic animals elicited similar drug-related vasodilation regardless of Pomanox supplementation. All animals displayed a similar vasodilatory response to sodium nitroprusside and L-NG-monomethylarginine blunted all vasorelaxation responses except for sodium nitroprusside.
Example Output: 1

Example Input: Recently we reported that fluid shear stress promotes endothelial cell differentiation from a mouse embryo mesenchymal progenitor cell line C3H10T1/2. However, it is not clear whether the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) system is associated with shear-induced endothelial differentiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of shear stress on the expression of TGF-beta1 and its signaling molecules in C3H10T1/2 cells.', 'Murine C3H10T1/2 cells were incubated on collagen Type 1-coated dishes, and subjected to a steady fluid shear stress of 15 dyn/cm(2) for 6, 12, and 24 h. The mRNA levels for TGF-beta1, TGF-beta receptors (TGF-beta R), and Smad molecules were determined with real-time PCR analysis and normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA levels.', 'TGF-beta1 mRNA expression was down-regulated by 60% and 66% in shear stress-treated cells at 12 and 24 h, respectively, compared with static control group (P < 0.01). In addition, shear stress significantly decreased TGF-beta R1 mRNA levels by 30% and 50% in shear stress-treated cells at 12 and 24 h, respectively (P < 0.01). For TGF-beta R2, shear stress at 6, 12, and 24 h significantly reduced its expression by 93%, 95% and 97%, respectively, compared with static controls (P < 0.01). Furthermore, shear stress significant decreased mRNA levels of positive signaling molecules Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). However, shear stress significantly increased negative signaling molecule Smad7 mRNA levels by 100% at 24 h treatment compared with static control group (P < 0.01).
Example Output:
0