instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
The 6-min walk test (6MWT) has prognostic value in various pulmonary disorders including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We determined the individual prognostic accuracy of distance walked and oxygen saturation during the 6MWT in patients with IPF. We defined a new composite index, the distance-saturation product (DSP), which is the product of distance walked and lowest oxygen saturation during the 6-min walk test. We compared the performance of the DSP to the individual 6MWT parameters in predicting mortality.', 'We evaluated pulmonary function tests, 6-min walk parameters and the DSP between survivors and non-survivors. The ability of each measure to discriminate outcomes was determined by receiver operator curves.', '81 patients (48 survivors, 33 non-survivors) were included. Pulmonary function tests were similar and did not correlate with survival. Desaturation was greater (89.4% versus 83.7%, P<0.001) and distance walked was lower (406.9 versus 181.3m, P = 0.005) in non-survivors. The DSP was significantly lower among non-survivors (364.8 versus 153.5m%, P < 0.001) and predicted mortality more accurately than either individual 6MWT component (P = 0.035 versus desaturation, P=0.040 versus distance). A DSP <200 m% was associated with a seven-fold greater risk of 12-month mortality and an 18.0% shorter median survival compared with a DSP > 200 m% (P < 0.001).
answer:
Does the distance-saturation product predict mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?


question:
Overexpression of the human c-MYC (MYC) oncogene is one of the most frequently implicated events in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previously, we have shown in a conditional transgenic mouse model that MYC overexpression is restrained from inducing mitotic cellular division and tumorigenesis in the adult liver; whereas, in marked contrast, MYC induces robust proliferation associated with the very rapid onset of tumorigenesis in embryonic and neonatal mice.', 'Here, we show that non-genotoxic hepatotoxins induce changes in the liver cellular context associated with increased cellular proliferation and enhanced tumorigenesis. Both 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) cooperate with MYC to greatly accelerate the onset of liver cancer in an adult host to less than 7 days versus a mean latency of onset of over 35 weeks for MYC alone. These hepatotoxin-enhanced liver tumors grossly and histologically resemble embryonic and neonatal liver tumors. Importantly, we found that MYC overexpression is only capable of inducing expression of the mitotic Cyclin B1 in embryonic/neonatal hosts or adult hosts that were treated with either carcinogen.
answer:
Do hepatotoxin-induced changes in the adult murine liver promote MYC-induced tumorigenesis?


question:
Prior work shows that palliative homecare services reduce the subsequent need for hospitalizations and emergency services; however, no study has investigated whether this association is present for emergency department visits of high acuity or whether it only applies to low-acuity emergency department visits.', 'To examine the association between palliative versus standard homecare nursing and the rate of high-acuity and low-acuity emergency department visits among cancer decedents during their last 6\u2009months of life.', 'This is a retrospective cohort study of end-of-life homecare patients in Ontario, Canada, who had confirmed cancer cause of death from 2004 to 2009. A multivariable Poisson regression analysis was implemented to examine the association between the receipt of palliative homecare nursing (vs standard homecare nursing) and the rate of high- and low-acuity emergency department visits, separately.', 'There were 54,743 decedents who received homecare nursing in the last 6\u2009months of life. The receipt of palliative homecare nursing decreased the rate of low-acuity emergency department visits (relative rate\u2009=\u20090.53, 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.50-0.56) and was significantly associated with a larger decrease in the rate of high-acuity emergency department visits (relative rate\u2009=\u20090.37, 95% confidence interval\u2009=\u20090.35-0.38).
answer:

Is palliative homecare associated with reduced high- and low-acuity emergency department visits at the end of life : A population-based cohort study of cancer decedents?