instruction:
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
question:
The beneficial type of this concept would be produced by such factors as the development of an AIDS vaccine, a better educational system, or a more efficient highway system. Costs of this type are not factored into the GDP; therefore, the GDP overstates economic welfare. FTP, name this economic concept in which a third party is affected by production or consumption of a commodity.
answer:
Social Science


question:
Two female members of this occupation served under John Rackham and were named Mary Read and Anne Bonny. Members of this profession could gain government support if granted a Letter of Marque, which made them privateers. In this occupation's Golden Age, Bartholomew Roberts had the most success, and that age also saw the likes of (*) Edward Teach and William Kidd. For 10 points, name this profession that got the majority of its members from the ships it robbed, and whose captains included Blackbeard and whose ships flew the Jolly Roger.
answer:
History


question:
This equation can be generalized to a simplification of the Tafel equation when in the high overpotential region. That equation is called the Butler-Volmer equation; another generalization of this equation describes the equilibrium potential across a cell's membrane using all the ions that pass through and is named after [*] Goldman. In this equation, the ideal gas constant is multiplied by temperature and divided by the moles of electrons and the Faraday constant, and that ratio is multiplied by the natural log of Q. For 10 points, name this equation from electrochemistry which calculates the reduction potential of a cell, named after a German chemist.
answer:

Science