Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: Arthritis and valvular carditis coexist in several human rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatic fever, and rheumatoid arthritis. T cell receptor-transgenic K/BxN mice develop spontaneous autoantibody-associated arthritis and valvular carditis. The common Fc receptor γ (FcRγ) signaling chain is required for carditis to develop in K/BxN mice. FcRγ pairs with numerous receptors in a variety of cells. The aim of this study was to identify the FcRγ-associated receptors and Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-expressing cells that mediate valvular carditis in this model.', 'We bred K/BxN mice lacking the genes that encode activating Fcγ receptors (FcγRI, FcγRIII, and FcγRIV), and we assessed these mice for valvular carditis. We similarly evaluated complement component C3-deficient K/BxN mice. Immunohistochemistry, bone marrow transplantation, and macrophage depletion were used to define the key FcRγ-expressing cell type.', 'Genetic deficiency of only one of the activating Fcγ receptors did not prevent carditis, whereas deficiency of all 3 activating Fcγ receptors did. Further analysis demonstrated that FcγRIII and FcγRIV were the key drivers of valve inflammation; FcγRI was dispensable. C3 was not required. FcRγ expression by radioresistant cells was critical for valvular carditis to develop, and further analysis indicated that macrophages were the key candidate FcγR-expressing effectors of carditis.

A: 1
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Q: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within populations do not follow Gaussian distribution, and normal limits are derived after mathematical normalization. The clinical relevance of these limits is unknown. The objective of this study was to compare upper and lower TSH limits by four data normalization methods with non-normalized data and assess their clinical relevance.', 'Results of blood samples taken by community physicians and stored in a computerized database were analysed after removing samples from patients with evidence of thyroid illness. TSH values were normalized by the Hoffmann and Tukey methods and each method with natural log transformation. Non-normalized data for TSH in the uppermost and lowermost percentile were also calculated. Clinical relevance was determined by alterations in thyroid hormone levels at, below and above the limits for each method.', 'The maximal reduction from non-normalized data for the upper normal limit (UNL) was by the Hoffman method 43% = 3·1 mIU/l). The maximal increase for the lower normal limit (LNL) was also by the Hoffman method (708% = 0·81 mIU/l). There was very limited difference in average FT3 and FT4 between patients with TSH within, below or above the normal range for all methods.

A: 0
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Q: Activated protein C (APC) is a plasma serine protease with systemic anticoagulant and a wide spectrum of cytoprotective activities that has been proposed as a promising therapy for acute stroke. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of endogenous APC in human ischemic stroke.', 'Our target were 119 consecutive patients with an ischemic stroke involving the middle cerebral artery territory who received tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) within 3 h of symptom onset. APC was measured before, as well as 1 and 2 h after t-PA administration, and again at 12 and 24 h after stroke onset. Cranial tomography scan was obtained at admission and repeated at 24-48 h or when a neurological worsening occurred to rule out the presence of hemorrhagic complications. The functional outcome was evaluated by 3-month modified Rankin Scale.', 'A total of 117 t-PA-treated patients were finally included in the analyses. APC peaked at 1 h after t-PA administration (pretreatment APC = 132.44 +/- 36.39%, 1-hour APC = 184.20 +/- 34.28%, 2-hour APC = 145.50 +/- 35.23%; p < 0.0001). Interestingly, a high 2-hour APC level was associated with parenchymal hemorrhages (OR = 25.19; 95% CI = 4.76-133.19; p = 0.0001) and mortality (OR = 13.8; 95% CI = 2.58-73.63; p = 0.001), in a logistic regression model. Our results remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.

A:
0
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