Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) is an important mechanism in control of signal nephron glomerular filtration rate. The oxidative stress in the macula densa, primarily determined by the interactions between nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2-), is essential in maintaining the TGF responsiveness. However, few studies examining the interactions between and amount of NO and O2- generated by the macula densa during normal and hypertensive states.', 'In this study, we used isolated perfused juxtaglomerular apparatus to directly measure the amount and also studied the interactions between NO and O2- in macula densa in both physiological and slow pressor Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive mice.', 'We found that slow pressor Ang II at a dose of 600\xa0ng kg(-1) min(-1) for two weeks increased mean arterial pressure by 26.1\xa0± 5.7\xa0mmHg. TGF response increased from 3.4\xa0±\xa00.2\xa0μm in control to 5.2\xa0±\xa00.2\xa0μm in hypertensive mice. We first measured O2- generation by the macula densa and found it was undetectable in control mice. However, O2- generation by the macula densa increased to 21.4\xa0±\xa02.5 unit min(-1) in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice. We then measured NO generation and found that NO generation by the macula densa was 138.5\xa0±\xa09.3 unit min(-1) in control mice. The NO was undetectable in the macula densa in hypertensive mice infused with Ang II.

Ex Output:
Does oxidative status in the macula densa modulate tubuloglomerular feedback responsiveness in angiotensin II-induced hypertension?


Ex Input:
We investigated the effects of pulsed ultrasound on swelling, muscle soreness perception, relaxed-elbow extension angle, and muscular strength.', 'Eight sets of concentric and eccentric actions induced delayed-onset muscle soreness of the elbow flexors. Group 1 received 20% pulsed ultrasound treatments (1-MHz, 7 minutes, 1.5 W/ cm(2) temporal peak intensity) twice a day immediately after postexercise assessments and at 3, 24, 27, 48, 51, 72, and 75 hours postexercise. Group 2 received sham treatments immediately after postexercise assessments and at 3,27, 51, and 75 hours postexercise and true treatments of pulsed ultrasound at 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise. Group 3 received sham treatments of no ultrasonic output immediately after postexercise assessments and at 3, 24, 27, 48, 51, 72, and 75 hours postexercise.', 'Thirty-six college-age females.', 'We recorded upper-arm circumference, perceived soreness, relaxed-elbow extension angle, and elbow-flexion strength before (pretest), immediately postexercise, and at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours postexercise.', 'We noted differences over time but no treatment effect between groups or interactions between time and group for upper-arm circumference, perceived soreness, relaxed-elbow extension angle, or elbow-flexion strength.

Ex Output:
Does pulsed ultrasound fail to diminish delayed-onset muscle soreness symptoms?


Ex Input:
The purpose of this study was to determine the rates and predictors of HIV testing and receipt of results among homeless adults with serious mental illness in the initial 3-month period after contact with a community-based case management program.', 'Baseline and follow-up interview data came from clients (N=5,890) in the Access to Community Care and Effective Services and Supports program, an 18-site, 5-year federally sponsored demonstration designed to evaluate the effect of service system integration on outcomes for homeless persons with serious mental illness.', 'Overall, 38.0% of clients were tested for HIV in the 3 months after program entry; of these, 88.8% returned to receive their test results. Likelihood of being tested was independently associated with having been tested before, more severe psychiatric symptoms and drug problems, level of worry about getting AIDS, younger age, less education, minority status, longer-term homelessness, being sexually assaulted, being arrested, and health services utilization. Among those tested, likelihood of receiving the test results was higher among those with a history of prior testing and return for results, a higher frequency of testing, and more years of education and lower among those with drug abuse problems, outpatient medical service utilization, disability, and sexually transmitted disease. Interaction analyses showed that, for men, greater social support increased the likelihood of both HIV testing and receipt of results, while sexual victimization during follow-up decreased the likelihood that men would return for their HIV results.

Ex Output:

Does hIV testing and receipt of test result among homeless persons with serious mental illness?