In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
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Question: Context_1 : Calpella is a census-designated place in Mendocino County, California. It is located on the Russian River 6 mi north of Ukiah, at an elevation of 682 feet (208 m). It is within the Ukiah Valley where U.S. Route 101 and State Route 20 intersect. The population was 679 at the 2010 census. The small town is the site of the Mendocino Redwood Company mill and offices, which controls ten percent of the private land in the county. Context_2 : Route 181 is a 9.43 mi long north–south state highway in Massachusetts starting at an intersection with U.S. Route 20 in Palmer, located in Hampden County. The route crosses the Mass Pike (Interstate 90), but does not intersect. The route crosses through the Bondsville section of Palmer, crossing into Hampshire County, where it enters Belchertown. In Belchertown, Route 181 comes to an end at a junction with the concurrent U.S. Route 202 and Route 21. Context_3 : Interstate 40 (I-40) is a major east-west Interstate Highway running through the south-central portion of the United States generally north of Interstate 10 and Interstate 20 but south of Interstate 70. The western end is at Interstate 15 in Barstow, California; its eastern end is at a concurrency of U.S. Route 117 and North Carolina Highway 132 in Wilmington, North Carolina. It is the third longest interstate in the United States, behind Interstate 80 and Interstate 90. Much of the western part of I-40, from Oklahoma City to Barstow, parallels or overlays the historic U.S. Route 66, east of Oklahoma City the route generally parallels U.S. Route 64 and U.S. Route 70. I-40 runs through many major cities including Albuquerque, New Mexico; Amarillo, Texas; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Little Rock, Arkansas; Memphis, Tennessee; Nashville, Tennessee; Knoxville, Tennessee; and Raleigh, North Carolina. Context_4 : U.S. Route 20 (US 20) is an east–west United States highway that stretches from the Pacific Northwest all the way to New England. The "0" in its route number indicates that US 20 is a coast-to-coast route. Spanning 3365 mi , it is the longest road in the United States, and the route roughly parallels that of Interstate 90 (I-90). There is a discontinuity in the official designation of US 20 through Yellowstone National Park, with unnumbered roads used to traverse the park. Context_5 : U.S. Route 20 is an east-west U.S. Highway in Pennsylvania, which clips the northwestern corner of the state, running entirely in Erie County. While it is part of the nation's longest road, it features the shortest segment of any two-digit U.S. route in the commonwealth. Although bypassed by Interstate 90 as the primary through route in the area, heavy traffic has led to nearly the entire highway being upgraded to four lanes in width. Context_6 : Magic Waters is a Rockford Park District waterpark in Cherry Valley, Winnebago County, Illinois. It is located next to the interchange between Interstate 39/U.S. Route 51 and Interstate 90 near U.S. Route 20. Context_7 : U.S. Route 6N (US 6N) is a 28 mi auxiliary route of U.S. Route 6 located in Erie County, Pennsylvania. The western terminus is at U.S. Route 20 in West Springfield a half-mile north of Interstate 90 exit 3. Its eastern terminus is at U.S. Route 6 and U.S. Route 19 west of Mill Village. Context_8 : Pennsylvania Route 832 (PA 832), known locally as Sterrettania Road and Peninsula Drive, is a state highway located in Erie County, Pennsylvania. Its northern terminus is at the entrance to Presque Isle State Park in Erie. The southern terminus is at PA 98, two miles (3 km) west of Sterrettania in Fairview Township. PA 832 has junctions with U.S. Route 20 (US 20), PA 5 and PA 5 Alternate (PA 5 Alt.). PA 832 is exit 18 off Interstate 90 (I-90). PA 832 was designated in 1928 between PA 99 (now PA 5 Alt.) and Presque Isle. The route was extended south to US 20 by 1940. PA 832 was further extended to I-90 by 1959 and PA 98 by 1970. Context_9 : Within the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, Interstate 90 spans 46.297 mi , all within Erie County, from the Ohio border near West Springfield to the New York border near North East. I-90 is the primary west–east highway in the Erie area, passing south of downtown and interchanging with Interstate 79, which connects downtown Erie to southern Pennsylvania and beyond, and Interstate 86, linking Erie to the Southern Tier of New York. U.S. Route 20, which interchanges with I-90 near the New York-Pennsylvania border, parallels I-90 across the county. Context_10 : Interstate 90 (I-90) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from Seattle, Washington, to Boston, Massachusetts. In the U.S. state of New York, I-90 extends 385.88 mi from the Pennsylvania state line at Ripley to the Massachusetts state line at Canaan, and is the second-longest highway in the state after NY 17. Although most of the route is part of the tolled New York State Thruway, two non-tolled sections exist along I-90 (the first, situated outside of Buffalo, is included in the Thruway system; the second, situated in the Capital District, is not part of the Thruway system and links Albany and its eastern suburbs). Within New York, I-90 has a complete set of auxiliary Interstates, which means that there are interstates numbered I-190 through I-990 in the state, with no gaps in between. For most of its length in New York, I-90 runs parallel to the former Erie Canal route, New York State Route 5 (NY 5), U.S. Route 20 (US 20) and the CSX railroad mainline that traverses the state. fact_1 :  U.S. Route 20, which interchanges with I-90 near the New York-Pennsylvania border, parallels I-90 across the county. fact_2 :  Spanning 3365 mi , it is the longest road in the United States, and the route roughly parallels that of Interstate 90 (I-90). Question: Do Interstate 90 in Pennsylvania and U.S. Route 20 intersect or are they parallel?

Answer: parallels that of Interstate 90 I90


Question: Context_1 : Collins Street is a major street in the centre of Melbourne, Victoria in Australia. It is known for its grand Victorian architecture, prestigious boutiques and high-end retailers. Collins Street has served as Melbourne's traditional main street since 1837 and was laid out as a core feature of the Hoddle Grid. Context_2 : Block Place is a street in Melbourne. It is a short, narrow partially covered laneway, running south from Little Collins Street between Swanston Street and Elizabeth Street in the central business district of Melbourne. Context_3 : 385 Bourke Street (also known as the State Bank Centre) is a high-rise office building located in Melbourne, Australia. It is the former head office of the State Bank of Victoria and Commonwealth Bank of Australia. It is located at 385 Bourke Street on the corner of Bourke and Elizabeth Streets. Context_4 : Hardware Lane is a wide laneway in Melbourne, Australia. It runs roughly north-south between Bourke Street and Little Lonsdale Street in the city centre. It changes name to Hardware Street between Lonsdale and Little Lonsdale Streets. Context_5 : Bank Place is a street in Melbourne, Australia. It is a laneway running roughly north-south between Collins Street and Little Collins Street in the central business district. Context_6 : McKillop Street is a street in Melbourne, Victoria. It is a short, quiet and narrow open laneway, running between Bourke Street and Little Collins Street between Queen Street and Elizabeth Street in the central business district of Melbourne. Context_7 : Bourke Street is one of the main streets of Melbourne's Central Business District (CBD) and a core feature of the Hoddle Grid. It was traditionally the entertainment hub of inner-city Melbourne, and is now also a popular tourist destination and tram thoroughfare. Context_8 : Bourke Street is a 1886 painting by Australian artist Tom Roberts. Roberts originally titled the work Allegro con brio. The painting depicts the western end of Bourke Street, one of the main thoroughfares in Melbourne as seen from the Buckley & Nunn drapery. Context_9 : Causeway Lane (also known as "The Causeway") is a street in Melbourne, Victoria. It is a short, quiet and narrow open laneway, running between Bourke Street Mall and Little Collins Street between Elizabeth Street and Swanston Street in the central business district of Melbourne. Context_10 : Little Bourke Street (abbreviated to Lt. Bourke St) in Melbourne's CBD runs roughly east–west within the Hoddle Grid. It is a one-way street heading in a westward direction. The street intersects with Spencer Street at its western end and Spring Street at its eastern end. Melbourne's Chinatown, which extends between the corners of Swanston and Exhibition Streets, is a major feature of the street. fact_1 :  It is a short, quiet and narrow open laneway, running between Bourke Street Mall and Little Collins Street between Elizabeth Street and Swanston Street in the central business district of Melbourne. fact_2 : Bourke Street is one of the main streets of Melbourne's Central Business District (CBD) and a core feature of the Hoddle Grid. Question: Causeway Lane is a street that runs between Little Collins Street and Bourke Street, the latter of which is a core feature of what?

Answer: Hoddle Grid


Question: Context_1 : Patrick Matthew (20 October 1790 – 8 June 1874) was a Scottish grain merchant, fruit farmer, forester, and landowner, who contributed to the understanding of horticulture, silviculture, and agriculture in general, with a focus on maintaining the British navy and feeding new colonies. He published the basic concept of natural selection as a mechanism in evolutionary adaptation and speciation (i.e. resulting from "positive" natural selection, in contrast to its already, widely known, "negative" rôle in removal of individuals in the Struggle for Survival), but failed to develop or publicise his ideas. Consequently, when Charles Darwin published "On the Origin of Species", he and Alfred Russel Wallace were regarded by their scientific peers as having originated (independently of each other) the theory of evolution by natural selection; it has been suggested that Darwin and/or Wallace had encountered Matthew's earlier work, but there is no hard evidence of this. After the publication of "On the Origin of Species", Matthew contacted Darwin, who in subsequent editions of the book acknowledged that the principle of natural selection had been anticipated by Matthew's brief statement, mostly contained in the appendices and "addendum" of his 1831 book, "On Naval Timber and Aboriculture". Context_2 : Phillip E. Johnson (born June 18, 1940) is a retired UC Berkeley law professor and author who is considered the father of the intelligent design movement. He is a critic of Darwinism, which he has described as "fully naturalistic evolution, involving chance mechanisms and natural selection". Johnson has said he believes "that a God exists who could create out of nothing if He wanted to do so, but who also might have chosen to work through a natural evolutionary process instead". Johnson rejects that evolution is a fact and favors neo-creationary views known as intelligent design (ID). He was a co-founder of the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture (CSC) and is credited with establishing the wedge strategy, which aims to change public opinion and scientific consensus, and seeks to convince the scientific community to allow a role for theism, or causes beyond naturalistic explanation, in scientific discourse. The consensus of the scientific community considers Johnson's opinions on evolution to be pseudoscience. Johnson has argued that scientists accepted the theory of evolution "before it was rigorously tested, and thereafter used all their authority to convince the public that naturalistic processes are sufficient to produce a human from a bacterium, and a bacterium from a mix of chemicals." Context_3 : Michael John Denton (born 25 August 1943) is a British-Australian author and biochemist. He is a Senior Fellow at the Discovery Institute's Center for Science and Culture. Denton’s most prominent book, "", inspired intelligent design proponents Phillip Johnson and Michael Behe. Context_4 : Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. Also called Darwinian theory, it originally included the broad concepts of transmutation of species or of evolution which gained general scientific acceptance after Darwin published "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, including concepts which predated Darwin's theories. It subsequently referred to the specific concepts of natural selection, the Weismann barrier, or the central dogma of molecular biology. Though the term usually refers strictly to biological evolution, creationists have appropriated it to refer to the origin of life, and it has even been applied to concepts of cosmic evolution, both of which have no connection to Darwin's work. It is therefore considered the belief and acceptance of Darwin's and of his predecessors' work—in place of other theories, including divine design and extraterrestrial origins. Context_5 : Evolution: A Theory in Crisis is a 1985 book by Michael Denton arguing that the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection is a "theory in crisis". Reviews by scientists say that the book distorts and misrepresents evolutionary theory and contains numerous errors. Context_6 : The intelligent design movement is a neo-creationist religious campaign for broad social, academic and political change to promote and support the pseudoscientific idea of intelligent design (ID), which asserts that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." Its chief activities are a campaign to promote public awareness of this concept, the lobbying of policymakers to include its teaching in high school science classes, and legal action, either to defend such teaching or to remove barriers otherwise preventing it. The movement arose out of the previous Christian fundamentalist and evangelistic creation science movement in the United States, and is driven by a small group of proponents. The overall goal of the intelligent design movement is to overthrow materialism and atheism. Its proponents believe that society has suffered "devastating" cultural consequences from adopting materialism and that science is the cause of the decay into materialism because it seeks only natural explanations, and is therefore atheistic. They believe that the scientific theory of evolution implies that humans have no spiritual nature, no moral purpose, and no intrinsic meaning. They seek to "reverse the stifling dominance of the materialist worldview" represented by the theory of evolution in favor of "a science consonant with Christian and theistic convictions." Context_7 : In the theory of evolution and natural selection, the Price equation (also known as Price's equation or Price's theorem) describes how a trait or gene changes in frequency over time. The equation uses a covariance between a trait and fitness to give a mathematical description of evolution and natural selection. It provides a way to understand the effects that gene transmission and natural selection have on the proportion of genes within each new generation of a population. The Price equation was derived by George R. Price, working in London to re-derive W.D. Hamilton's work on kin selection. The Price equation also has applications in economics. Examples of the Price equation can be found here: Price equation examples. Context_8 : On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. It presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had gathered on the "Beagle" expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation. Context_9 : The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection is a book by Ronald Fisher which combines Mendelian genetics with Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, with Fisher being the first to argue that "Mendelism therefore validates Darwinism" and stating with regard to mutations that "The vast majority of large mutations are deleterious; small mutations are both far more frequent and more likely to be useful", thus refuting orthogenesis. First published in 1930 by The Clarendon Press, it is one of the most important books of the modern synthesis, and helped define population genetics. It is commonly cited in biology books, outlining many concepts that are still considered important such as Fisherian runaway, Fisher's principle, reproductive value, Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection, Fisher's geometric model, the sexy son hypothesis, mimicry and the evolution of dominance. It was dictated to his wife in the evenings as he worked at Rothamsted Research in the day. Context_10 : Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection with Some of Its Applications is an 1889 book on biological evolution by Alfred Russel Wallace, the co-discoverer of evolution by natural selection together with Charles Darwin. This was a book Wallace wrote as a defensive response to the scientific critics of natural selection. Of all Wallace's books, it is cited by scholarly publications the most. fact_1 : Evolution: A Theory in Crisis is a 1985 book by Michael Denton arguing that the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection is a "theory in crisis". fact_2 : Michael John Denton (born 25 August 1943) is a British-Australian author and biochemist. Question: Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, is a book, released in what year, arguing that the scientific theory of evolution by natural selection is a "theory in crisis", by Michael John Denton, a British-Australian author and biochemist?

Answer:
1985