In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.

Q: Question: Which countries won gold medals at the two bobsleigh tracks constructed in Lake Placid? Passage 1:Constructed in 1930 for the 1932 Winter Olympics, the track was the first bobsleigh track located outside of Europe. In 1949, it hosted the FIBT World Championships, also the first outside of Europe. The original bobsleigh track was demolished in 1978 to pave the way for an artificial track for the 1980 Winter Olympics with a separate luge track being constructed for those same games. The luge track was the first luge track in North America when it was completed in 1979. In 1983, the luge track was the first venue to host the FIL World Luge Championships outside of Europe. Both tracks were demolished in the late 1990s and a combination track was constructed in early 2000 in time for the only Winter Goodwill Games. The track is a regular venue for World Cup competitions in bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton. In 2009, the track will become the first combination track to host the bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton world championships in a non-Winter Olympic year.
 Passage 2:In 1860, he ran for Canal Commissioner on the Douglas Democratic ticket, but was defeated by Republican Samuel H. Barnes. Barnes died a week after the election, and the vacancy was filled temporarily by the New York State Legislature in January 1861. Wright was the Democratic candidate, but was defeated by Republican Benjamin F. Bruce. In November 1861 he ran again, for the remaining two years of Barnes's term, and this time was elected defeating Bruce and War Democrat Frederick A. Tallmadge. He was in office from 1862 to 1863. In 1863, he ran for re-election, but was this time was defeated again by Bruce. In 1866, he ran again but was defeated by Republican Stephen T. Hayt. In 1869, he was elected again a Canal Commissioner, and was in office from 1870 to 1872.
 Passage 3:Other examples of mostly locally generated historical markers in the United States include the plaque outside the Alaska Governor's Mansion made by the Alaska Centennial Commission's historical markers program, the historical markers of State Historic Marker Council in Florida, the markers placed by various agencies in Georgia (of which one source mentions 3,292 different historical markers), in Indiana, where it is illegal to create a historical marker in the "state format" without first getting official approval from that state's historical bureau, historical markers in Kansas erected by the Kansas Historical Society and the Kansas Department of Transportation, the Roadside Historic Marker Program in Maryland administered by the Maryland Historical Trust, the State Historic Marker Program of New York (begun in 1926 to commemorate the Sequicentennial of the American Revolution), the historic markers placed as recently as 2008 in Sussex County, New Jersey, the New Mexico historical markers printed in white letters on a brown background by the New Mexico Department of Transportation, the historical markers of North Carolina (the Historical Publications Section of the state Office of Archives and History publishes a Guide to North Carolina Highway Historical Markers), the more than 1200 historical markers of Ohio (all of which are now made in a Marietta, Ohio workshop), and over 550 official state markers in Wisconsin.


A: 1
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Q: Question: Was Forbes or the Guardian founded first? Passage 1:"The Lazy Song" has received generally mixed reviews from contemporary music critics. Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine noted that in song Mars "paints a portrait of Al Bundy as a young man" and Andy Gill of The Independent classified the song as a "laidback acoustic groove". Tim Sendra of AllMusic said it was one of the tracks from Doo-Wops & Hooligans that captured the laid-back groove. Scott Mervis of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette described the song as a "Jason Mraz/Sugar Ray-style reggae." Sean Fennessey, a reviewer of The Washington Post, felt the song was written in a "quality that is both endearing and damning". A mixed review came from Digital Spy reviewer Lewis Corner, who commented that the song is a "summery ditty more head-boppable than a Churchill nodding dog, which, given his current state of mind, is probably about all he could muster", giving it three stars out of five. and from Blues & Soul magazine who called it "reggae tinged" and found it to be "somewhat of a filler but for the likes of Peter Andre" is great. Entertainment Weeklys Leah Greenblatt considered that "other modes suit him less well; The Lazy Song is perhaps better left to Jason Mraz". Alexis Petridis of The Guardian, gave the song a negative review, writing that "The Lazy Song" "gets no further than the second verse before Mars – nothing if not keen to keep his fans abreast of his every activity in a world of 360-degree connectivity – announces that he's planning on having a wank". Nick Messitte writing for Forbes criticized the single for copying the "happy-go-lucky meanderings of Jason Mraz's "I'm Yours", but also using the same pattern as Travie McCoy and Mars' "Billionaire" (2011).
 Passage 2:At a meeting between the council of Zaporozhian Cossacks and Vasiliy Buturlin, representative of Tsar Alexey I of the Tsardom of Russia, during the Khmelnytsky Uprising. The "Pereyaslav Council" (Pereyaslavs'ka Rada in Ukrainian) of Ukrainians took place on January 18; it was meant to act as the supreme Cossack council and demonstrate the unity and determination of the "Rus' nation". Military leaders and representatives of regiments, nobles and townspeople listened to the speech by the Cossack hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, who expounded the necessity of seeking the Russian protection. The audience responded with applause and consent. The treaty, initiated with Buturlin later on the same day, invoked only protection of the Cossack state by the Tsar and was intended as an act of official separation of Ukraine from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Ukrainian independence had been informally declared earlier in the course of the Uprising by Khmelnytsky). Participants in the preparation of the treaty at Pereyaslav included, besides Khmelnytsky, Chief Scribe Ivan Vyhovsky and numerous other Cossack elders, as well as a large visiting contingent from Russia.
 Passage 3:In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the purple-throated sunbird in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in the Philippines. He used the French name Le grimpereau pourpré des Philippines and the Latin Certhia Philippensis Purpurea. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the purple-throated sunbird. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Certhia sperata and cited Brisson's work. Linnaeus specified the type location as the Philippines but this was subsequently restricted to Manila. The specific name sperata is Latin for "bride" or "betrothed". The species is now placed in the genus Leptocoma that was introduced by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis in 1850.


A: 1
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Q: Question: From what university did the person McGeoch studied under at the University of Chicago graduate? Passage 1:McGeoch was born on October 9, 1897 in Argyle, New York. He received his bachelor's degree from Westminster College in 1918, and a master's degree from Colorado College in 1919. His master's thesis, titled "The Present Status of Psychology", is a review of the history of the field of psychology and how the role of psychology was viewed in the early 20th century. He then studied under Harvey A. Carr at the University of Chicago. He studied a variety of topics while at the University of Chicago, including suggestibility and intelligence in delinquents, time perception, neuropsychological and vocational testing, and the reliability and validity of the Pressey X-O test. His doctoral dissertation was titled "A study in the psychology of testimony." Following the completion of his dissertation, McGeoch’s work primarily focused on human learning and memory. Harvey Carr significantly influenced McGeoch’s work, and provided feedback on the McGeoch's introductory textbook on human learning, The Psychology of Human Learning, which was published after Carr’s death in 1943. McGeoch completed his PhD while he was a faculty member at the University of Washington. He accepted a full Professor position 2 years later at the University of Arkansas. In 1930 he moved to the University of Missouri where he became the chair of the department of psychology. He held this position for 5 years before moving to Wesleyan University, where he was also chair of the department from 1935–1939 and was awarded an honorary degree in recognition of his accomplishments as a lecturer and administrator. In 1939, McGeoch moved to the University of Iowa, where he also chaired the department. He died in Iowa City on March 3, 1942 from a cerebral hemorrhage.
 Passage 2:There was one driver change heading into the race. Having been in one of the Aguri cars since the first round of the season in Beijing, António Félix da Costa missed the ePrix because of a Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters commitment at the Red Bull Ring and was replaced by endurance racing driver René Rast. The deal was confirmed in the week before the race and was originally slated to be World Endurance Championship driver Adam Carroll but the agreement fell apart. It marked Rast's first participation in single-seater machinery since the Formula BMW ADAC in 2004 and practised on the team's simulator to familiarise himself with the car. Oliver Turvey was set to be replaced by the Formula Renault 3.5 driver Ben Hanley because of a Super GT commitment at the Autopolis circuit, but that race was postponed because of the Kumamoto earthquakes, and his Formula E seat was reinstated.
 Passage 3:"Written in the Stars" was used by Major League Baseball for their commercials relating to the 2011 Major League Baseball Postseason. It was also chosen by WWE as its theme song for WrestleMania XXVII. Recently, it was used as the introduction to the eighth season of the South Asian Softball League. Since the 2011–12 season, it has been used as the theme song for Sky Sports' coverage of Premier League football. Samples of "Written in the Stars" can be heard in promos used for the USA Network sports-drama Necessary Roughness. The song was chosen as Miss USA 2011 Evening Gown Competition's background music. The New York Giants used the song as their entrance song in Super Bowl XLVI on 5 February 2012. It was also used in the closing ceremony of the London Olympic Games in August 2012. In May 2016, Tempah performed the song live in Wembley Stadium before the FA Cup final.


A:
1
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