Adverse drug reactions are appreciably harmful or unpleasant reactions resulting from an intervention related to the use of medical products, which predicts hazard from future administration and warrants prevention or specific treatment, or alteration of the dosage regimen, or withdrawal of the product. Given medical case reports extracted from MEDLINE, the task is to classify whether the case report mentions the presence of any adverse drug reaction. Classify your answers into non-adverse drug event and adverse drug event.

Q: We present a case of accidental injection of tranexamic acid instead of bupivacaine during spinal anesthesia.

A: non-adverse drug event
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Q: Captopril-associated "pseudocholangitis'.

A: adverse drug event
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Q: All 3 patients experienced fairly typical chest pain syndromes and experienced elevations of cardiac enzymes consistent with myocardial ischemia.

A:
non-adverse drug event
****