Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

An association between cow's milk hypersensitivity (CMH) and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in childhood has been reported in the past decade.", "To assess whether biopsies from the upper gastrointestinal tract of children with cow's milk sensitive GERD have a specific allergic inflammatory pattern, and to compare two different techniques for measuring inflammatory cells in gastrointestinal biopsies.", "GERD was diagnosed by means of endoscopy and oesophageal pH monitoring. Hypersensitivity to cow's milk was determined by an elimination diet and cow's milk challenge. Allergic inflammatory cells in upper gastrointestinal biopsies were identified by immunohistochemistry and their numbers were assessed by two different methods-counting the number of cells/high power field and using the computerised Cast-Grid system.", "Cow's milk sensitive GERD was identified in 10 of 17 children with severe GERD (median age, 7.8 years). Biopsies from children with endoscopic oesophagitis had significantly increased numbers of mast cells and T cells. No differences in the number of eosinophils, mast cells, or T cells were found between children with CMH and those with primary GERD. Several differences were found between the two different histological quantification methods.
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Parasympathetic dysfunction is an independent risk factor for mortality in heart failure for which there is no specific pharmacologic treatment. This article aims to determine the effect of pyridostigmine, an anticholinesterase agent, on the integrated physiologic responses to dynamic exercise in heart failure.', 'Patients with chronic heart failure (n = 23; 9 female; age = 48 +/- 12 years) were submitted to 3 maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests on treadmill in different days. The first test was used for adaptation and to determine exercise tolerance. The other tests were performed after oral administration of pyridostigmine (45 mg, 3 times/day, for 24 hours) or placebo, in random order. All patients were taking their usual medication. Pyridostigmine reduced cholinesterase activity by 30%, inhibited the chronotropic response throughout exercise, up to 60% of maximal effort (pyridostigmine = 108 +/- 3 beats/min vs. placebo = 113 +/- 3 beats/min; P = .040), and improved heart rate reserve (pyridostigmine = 73 +/- 5 beats/min vs. placebo = 69 +/- 5 beats/min; P = 0.035) and heart rate recovery in the first minute after exercise (pyridostigmine = 25 +/- 2 beats/min vs. placebo = 22 +/- 2 beats/min; P = .005), whereas peak heart rate was similar to placebo. Oxygen pulse, an indirect indicator of stroke volume, was higher under pyridostigmine during submaximal exercise.
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To study the ability of human spermatogonial stem cells (hSSCs) to proliferate in\xa0vitro under mouse spermatogonial stem cell (mSSC) culture conditions.', 'Experimental basic science study.', 'Reproductive biology laboratory.', 'Cryopreserved testicular tissue with normal spermatogenesis obtained from three donors subjected to orchiectomy due to a prostate cancer treatment.', 'Testicular cells used to create in\xa0vitro cell cultures corresponding to the following groups: [1] unsorted human testicular cells, [2] differentially plated human testicular cells, and [3] cells enriched with major histocompatibility complex class 1 (HLA', 'Analyses and characterization including immunocytochemistry and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for somatic and germ cell markers, testosterone and inhibin B quantification, and TUNEL assay.', 'Putative hSSCs appeared in singlets, doublets, or small groups of up to four cells in\xa0vitro only when testicular cells were cultured in StemPro-34 medium supplemented with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting with HLA

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