instruction:
In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
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Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, causes infectious bronchitis leading to enormous economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. Hypericin (HY) is an excellent compound that has been investigated in antiviral, antineoplastic, and antidepressant. To investigate the inhibition effect of HY on IBV infection in chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells, 3 different experimental designs: pre-treatment of cells prior to IBV infection, direct treatment of IBV-infected cells, and pre-treatment of IBV prior to cell infection were used. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy were performed and virus titer was determined by TCID 50 . The re-sults revealed that HY had a good anti-IBV effect when HY directly treated the IBV-infected cells, and virus infectivity decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HY inhibited IBV-induced apoptosis in CEK cells, and significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of Fas, FasL, JNK, Bax, Caspase 3, and Caspase 8, and significantly increased Bcl-2 mRNA expression level in CEK cells. In addition, HY treatment could decrease IBV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in CEK cells. These results suggested that HY showed potential antiviral activities against IBV infection involving the inhibition of apoptosis and ROS generation in CEK cells.
answer:
Protective effects of hypericin against infectious bronchitis virus induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species in chicken embryo kidney cells


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Being madly in love with all the advances in minimally invasive medicine and technology I often tell my friends the stories of how interventional radiology (IR) changes lives. One of these unintended stories led to a much bigger audience of TED community and spread the word about IR far beyond the circle of my friends. As the TED slogan promised, participating in the event 1 made me realize that our ideas of better medicine are worth sharing. It also made me think that better communication with the public is possible, and it does not take genius. It takes a willingness to try. We know that IR with its broad procedural spectrum, safety of minimally invasive approach, lower requirement for anesthesia and hospitalization, and cost-effectiveness has a strong stand in the evolving universal healthcare practice model. But, as Goethe said, knowing is not enough; we must apply. 2 Then, how can we as medical community increase the exercise of IR procedures? The starting point is to accept that many people, including medical professionals, do not know what diseases we can treat and what diagnostic or therapeutic services we can provide. Either it is a palliative treatment of metastases, or elective embolization of uterine fibroids, or emergent lysis of pulmonary embolism-it is our responsibility to find the appropriate patients and let both patients and primary physicians know what options we have to offer.
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Journal Pre-proof Guest Editorial: Radiology Nurses Can Raise the Impact on Promoting IR


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Surprisingly little is known regarding the human mixing patterns relevant to the spread of closecontact infections, such as measles, influenza and meningococcal disease. This study aims to estimate the number of partnerships that individuals make, their stability and the degree to which mixing is assortative with respect to age. We defined four levels of putative at-risk events from casual (physical contact without conversation) to intimate (contact of a sexual nature), and asked university student volunteers to record details on those they contacted at these levels on three separate days. We found that intimate contacts are stable over short time periods whereas there was no evidence of repeat casual contacts with the same individuals. The contacts were increasingly assortative as intimacy increased. Such information will aid the development and parameterisation of models of close contact diseases, and may have direct use in outbreak investigations.
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Emerging Themes in Epidemiology Mixing patterns and the spread of close-contact infectious diseases