Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: Cancer cells frequently exhibit resistance to the cytotoxic effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Pretreatment of TRAIL-resistant cells with cisplatin sensitizes them to this ligand. Cisplatin also has been shown to enhance adenoviral transgene expression.', 'This study aims to evaluate the ability of cisplatin to enhance the expression and the cytotoxic effect of the tumor-specific adenoviral vector Ad/gTRAIL, which expresses a green fluorescent protein-TRAIL fusion protein.', 'Cultured cancer cells and normal human cells were infected with Ad/gTRAIL with or without cisplatin pretreatment. Adenoviral transgene expression was determined by using flow cytometry to measure green fluorescent protein fluorescence. Cytotoxicity was measured by using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assays and an apoptosis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.', 'Green fluorescent protein-TRAIL fusion protein expression was significantly enhanced by cisplatin pretreatment in cancer cells. Cisplatin treatment before Ad/gTRAIL infection resulted in a 2- to 12-fold increase in green fluorescent protein fluorescence intensity across cancer lines. Although Ad/gTRAIL induced mild cytotoxicity in all cancer lines (inhibitory concentration of 50% values of >500 pfu/cell), pretreatment with cisplatin resulted in a dose-dependent enhancement of Ad/gTRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity, as indicated by the drastic reduction of inhibitory concentration of 50% values to 4 to 42 pfu/cell in all cell lines. There was no cytotoxicity noted in normal cells treated with both cisplatin and Ad/gTRAIL.
Answer: Cisplatin pretreatment enhances Ad/gTRAIL cytotoxicity in malignant cells while not affecting normal cells. The mechanisms underlying this effect might include both enhancement of the susceptibility of cisplatin-treated cells to TRAIL and cisplatin-mediated enhancement of TRAIL expression in Ad/gTRAIL infected cells. These findings provide a rationale for development of Ad/gTRAIL-based therapy for thoracic malignancies.
[A]: Does cisplatin enhance apoptosis induced by a tumor-selective adenovirus expressing tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand?


[Q]: Context: The interaction between Siglec-10 and its ligand, CD24, selectively represses tissue damage-caused immune responses. However, the nature of Siglec-10 and CD24 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still poorly defined. Hereon, the expression, function, and regulation of CD24 and Siglec-10 in HCC were investigated in the present study.', 'Flow cytometry was performed to examine the expression of Siglec-10 in HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues of HCC patients. To further determine whether Siglec-10 expression is associated with the clinical characteristics and survival, conventional immunohistochemistry was performed in 96 HCC patients. Additionally, the role of Siglec-10 in the regulation of natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction was evaluated. Finally, CD24 expression in HCC was also assessed.', 'Siglec-10 was expressed most on NK cells in HCC (40.7 ± 4.5%). Compared with surrounding non-tumor tissues, tumor tissues had higher Siglec-10 expression (31.0 ± 1.7% versus 40.7 ± 4.5%, n = 10, P < 0.05), and the expression was negatively associated with patient survival. Siglec-10(+)CD56(+) NK cells exhibited reduced effector function, as shown by decreased granules and cytokine expressions compared with Siglec-10(-)CD56(+) NK cells. Moreover, the number of CD24(+)CD45(-) cells in HCC tissues was higher than that in adjacent non-tumor tissues (9.4 ± 0.9% versus 3.1 ± 0.9%, n = 15, P < 0.05).
Answer: These findings suggest that Siglec-10 is associated with decreased survival and impaired NK cell function in human HCC. This process may function via the CD24-Siglec-10 interaction, which may represent a therapeutic target in HCC patients.
[A]: Is siglec-10 associated with survival and natural killer cell dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma?


[Q]: Context: To investigate the role of the anti-cellular immune response in the protection of rhesus macaques against infection with the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac. To determine the biological differences between SIV challenge stocks grown either on human T-cell lines or on monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MPBMC).', 'A protective SIVmac split vaccine was administered to rhesus macaques and their anti-, B- and T-cell response monitored. Vaccinees and controls were challenged with SIVmac grown either on human or on monkey cells. The in vivo replication rate of, and the immune response to, the two viruses was compared.', 'Five rhesus macaques were immunized with a total of 2 mg each of purified SIVmac251/32H grown on the human C8166 T-cell line. The antibody and proliferative T-cell responses were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and T-cell proliferation assay, respectively. Four protected animals and four controls were reboosted and challenged with MPBMC-grown SIVmac251 (SIVmac251/MPBMC). Cell-free virus load was determined by titration of plasma for SIV infectivity on C8166 cells and antigen with a core antigen capture assay.', 'Protection from virus challenge with C8166-grown SIVmac251/32H or SIVmac251/MPBMC did not correlate with anti-cellular antibodies or proliferative T-cell reactivities. Control animals infected with SIVmac251/MPBMC showed high persistent antigenaemia and high plasma virus titres. Both were absent in controls infected with complement C8166-grown SIVmac251/32H. Whereas the latter always seroconverted against the full panel of viral polypeptides, SIVmac251/MPBMC-infected animals showed a drastically decreased antibody response.
Answer: Neither the antibody nor the proliferative T-cell response to SIVmac correlates with protection from virus challenge. In contrast to SIVmac251/32H grown on C8166 cells, the MPBMC-grown challenge virus SIVmac251 appears to belong to the 'rapid-high' phenotype, possibly explaining the lack of protection against this SIV.
[A]:
Does protection of monkeys by a split vaccine against SIVmac depend upon biological properties of the challenge virus?