In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
--------
Question: Context: Some subjects with suspected asthma and a negative exercise challenge test (ECT) demonstrate improved expiratory flow rates after administration of bronchodilators (BD) at the end of the ECT (unpublished observation). This study investigated whether this response predicts the presence of bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR).', 'The study population included 133 young adults (29.4% women) 21.1 +/- 4.2 years of age who underwent ECT and a methacholine challenge test (MCT). A receiver-operator-characteristic curve was used to calculate the optimal cutoff level of the response to BD as a predictor of BHR according to MCT.', 'Using a MCT cutoff level of PC(20) </= 4 mg/mL showed BHR in 12.8% of subjects. Failure to improve FEV(1) by 8% after BD administration predicted the absence of BHR with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 76.5%, 68.4%, 25.3%, and 95.5%, respectively. Avoiding MCT in subjects with less than 8% response to BD would have saved 62.5% of the MCTs and would have missed only four (3%) patients with BHR.\Question: Does response to bronchodilators after exercise challenge predict bronchial hyperreactivity?

Answer: BD should be administered routinely after ECT, as the response may be used as a simple, inexpensive tool to predict BHR in young patients and may substantially reduce the number of unnecessary MCTs.


Question: Context: The caudal-type homeodomain transcriptional factor CDX2, a member of the caudal-related homeobox gene family, plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in the gut. Recent studies have reported that expression of CDX2 was an independent marker of outcome in patients with resected adenocarcinoma of ampulla of Vater, gastric cancer, and colon cancer. The clinicopathological significance of CDX2 expression has hitherto remained unclear in biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). The aim of this study was to determine whether CDX2 expression in BTC indicates clinical outcome.', 'The expression of CDX2 was investigated immunohistochemically in surgically resected specimens from 164 patients with BTC, including 74 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, 49 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, and 41 gallbladder carcinomas. The correlation between expression of CDX2 and clinicopathological factors, including overall survival, tumor location, tumor stage, and degree of tumor differentiation, was examined in patients with BTC.', 'In total, 27 of the 164 (16.46%) patients with BTC expressed CDX2. The frequency of CDX2 expression was much higher in the extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (22.45%) and gallbladder carcinomas (29.27%) than in the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (5.41%), the difference being statistically significant (P = 0.002). Factors influencing survival on univariate analysis were tumor stage (P < 0.00001), degree of tumor differentiation (P = 0.0002), and CDX2 expression (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model, CDX2 expression and tumor stage were independent prognostic factors in patients with BTC.\Question: Is expression of the caudal-type homeodomain transcription factor CDX2 related to clinical outcome in biliary tract carcinoma?

Answer: Expression of CDX2 was an independent indicator of outcome in patients with BTC in addition to tumor stage and tumor differentiation. The mechanism by which CDX2 expression influences behavior of biliary tract carcinoma needs further investigation.


Question: Context: The cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) is implicated in adipocyte function.', 'We investigated human adipose tissue CNR1 mRNA in relation to obesity, clinical and metabolic variables, adipocyte function, and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) levels.', 'We assessed sc fat biopsies from 96 obese and nonobese subjects and omental fat biopsies from 82 obese and nonobese subjects.', 'The sc and omental adipose CNR1 gene expression were similar in obese and nonobese subjects. No association between either sc or omental adipose CNR1 mRNA levels and body mass index, waist circumference, plasma levels of glucose and insulin, lipids, or blood pressure was found. The sc and omental maximal adrenergic lipolytic activation as well as lipolytic adrenoceptor sensitivity were not related to CNR1 gene expression. Lipogenesis in sc adipocytes also showed no association with CNR1 mRNA levels. Finally, no relation was found between adipose CNR1 gene expression and ADIPOQ mRNA, adipose tissue adiponectin secretion, or circulating adiponectin.\Question: Is human adipose tissue cannabinoid receptor 1 gene expression related to fat cell function or adiponectin level?

Answer:
We found no association of human adipose tissue CNR1 mRNA expression with measures of body fat, metabolic parameters, fat cell function, or ADIPOQ expression. These data do not suggest a major role of human adipose CNR1 in fat cell function or metabolic disease development.