Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intraoperative vasopressin infusion and postoperative cardiac enzymes.', 'A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study.', 'A single tertiary cardiac center.', 'One hundred consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass.', 'The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, and patients provided informed consent to participate. Patients were randomized by computer into 2 equal groups: Vasopressin or control. The blinded study included vasopressin administered at a dose of 1.8 U/h or 1.8 mL/h of normal saline, along with catecholamines. The drug was administered continually during surgery while patients needed catecholamines. The intervention was discontinued upon admission to the intensive care unit when information regarding the true character of the drug was reported to the doctor in charge of patients in the intensive care unit by one of the investigators. Primary outcomes were CK-MB and troponin T levels measured at 0, 6, and 12 hours postoperatively.', 'Of the 100 patients, 8 were excluded; the remaining 92 were randomized to either the vasopressin (n = 47) or control (n = 45) group. There were no significant differences in demographic data between the groups. Postoperatively at 0, 6, and 12 hours, there were no differences in CK-MB (U/l) (37.5 ± 57.9 v 32.0 ± 21.5, 29.4 ± 41.1 v 24.4 ± 23.1, and 21.4 ± 21.3 v. 21.8 ± 32.4, respectively) and troponin T (752.4 ± 638.2 v 762.7 ± 557.1, 753.8 ± 507.3 v 777.6 ± 515.0, and 774.6 ± 572.6 v 698.7 ± 540.2, respectively) values.
Answer: Vasopressin infusion has been used to treat catecholamine-unresponsive shock. In this study, intraoperative vasopressin was used safely as a possible first-line drug for treating hypotension; however, it did not increase the levels of cardiac enzymes after cardiac surgery.

Output: Does vasopressin raise cardiac enzymes following cardiac surgery : a randomized double-blind clinical trial?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Efficient enzymatic saccharification of plant cell wall material is key to industrial processing of agricultural and forestry waste such as straw and wood chips into fuels and chemicals.', "Saccharification assays were performed on steam-pretreated wheat straw under ambient and O2-deprived environments and in the absence and presence of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) and catalase. A kinetic model was used to calculate catalytic rate and first-order inactivation rate constants of the cellulases from reaction progress curves. The addition of a LPMO significantly (P\xa0<\xa00.01, Student's T test) enhanced the rate of glucose release from 2.8 to 6.9\xa0h(-1) under ambient O2 conditions. However, this also significantly (P\xa0<\xa00.01, Student's T test) increased the rate of inactivation of the enzyme mixture, thereby reducing the performance half-life from 65 to 35\xa0h. Decreasing O2 levels or, strikingly, the addition of catalase significantly reduced (P\xa0<\xa00.01, Student's T test) enzyme inactivation and, as a consequence, higher efficiency of the cellulolytic enzyme cocktail was achieved.
Answer: Oxidative inactivation of commercial cellulase mixtures is a significant factor influencing the overall saccharification efficiency and the addition of catalase can be used to protect these mixtures from inactivation.

Output: Does catalase improve saccharification of lignocellulose by reducing lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase-associated enzyme inactivation?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Soluble silica, a ubiquitous component of the diet, may be the natural ligand for dietary aluminum and may prevent its accumulation and toxicity in animals. However, previous studies on the inhibition of aluminum absorption and toxicity by soluble silica have produced conflicting results. We recently identified a soluble silica polymer, oligomeric silica, that has a much higher affinity for aluminum than does monomeric silica and that may be involved in the sequestration of aluminum.', 'By using (26)Al as a tracer, we investigated the effects of oligomeric and monomeric silica on the bioavailability of aluminum (study 1) and compared the availability of silicon from oligomeric and monomeric silica in the human gastrointestinal tract (study 2).', 'In study 1, three healthy volunteers each ingested aluminum alone (control), aluminum with oligomeric silica (17 mg), and aluminum with monomeric silica (17 mg). In study 2, five healthy volunteers ingested both the oligomeric and monomeric forms of silica (34 mg). Serum and urine samples were analyzed for aluminum and silicon.', 'Oligomeric silica reduced the availability of aluminum by 67% (P = 0.01) compared with the control, whereas monomeric silica had no effect (P = 0.40). Monomeric silica was readily taken up from the gastrointestinal tract and then excreted in urine (53%), whereas oligomeric silica was not detectably absorbed or excreted.
Answer: The oligomeric, high-aluminum-affinity form of soluble silica reduces aluminum availability from the human gastrointestinal tract. Its potential role in the amelioration of aluminum toxicity in other biological systems requires attention.


Output: Does oligomeric but not monomeric silica prevent aluminum absorption in humans?