In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Fracturing Regulations are Effective 
in State Hands Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds that--
            (1) hydraulic fracturing is a commercially viable practice 
        that has been used in the United States for more than 60 years 
        in more than 1,000,000 wells;
            (2) the Ground Water Protection Council, a national 
        association of State water regulators that is considered to be 
        a leading groundwater protection organization in the United 
        States, released a report entitled ``State Oil and Natural Gas 
        Regulations Designed to Protect Water Resources'' and dated May 
        2009 finding that the ``current State regulation of oil and gas 
        activities is environmentally proactive and preventive'';
            (3) that report also concluded that ``[a]ll oil and gas 
        producing States have regulations which are designed to provide 
        protection for water resources'';
            (4) a 2004 study by the Environmental Protection Agency, 
        entitled ``Evaluation of Impacts to Underground Sources of 
        Drinking Water by Hydraulic Fracturing of Coalbed Methane 
        Reservoirs'', found no evidence of drinking water wells 
        contaminated by fracture fluid from the fracked formation;
            (5) a 2009 report by the Ground Water Protection Council, 
        entitled ``State Oil and Natural Gas Regulations Designed to 
        Protect Water Resources'', found a ``lack of evidence'' that 
        hydraulic fracturing conducted in both deep and shallow 
        formations presents a risk of endangerment to ground water;
            (6) a January 2009 resolution by the Interstate Oil and Gas 
        Compact Commission stated ``The states, who regulate 
        production, have comprehensive laws and regulations to ensure 
        operations are safe and to protect drinking water. States have 
        found no verified cases of groundwater contamination associated 
        with hydraulic fracturing.'';
            (7) on May 24, 2011, before the Oversight and Government 
        Reform Committee of the House of Representatives, Lisa Jackson, 
        the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, 
        testified that she was ``not aware of any proven case where the 
        fracking process itself has affected water'';
            (8) in 2011, Bureau of Land Management Director Bob Abbey 
        stated, ``We have not seen evidence of any adverse effect as a 
        result of the use of the chemicals that are part of that 
        fracking technology.'';
            (9)(A) activities relating to hydraulic fracturing (such as 
        surface discharges, wastewater disposal, and air emissions) are 
        already regulated at the Federal level under a variety of 
        environmental statutes, including portions of--
                    (i) the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 
                U.S.C. 1251 et seq.);
                    (ii) the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300f et 
                seq.); and
                    (iii) the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.); 
                but
            (B) Congress has continually elected not to include the 
        hydraulic fracturing process in the underground injection 
        control program under the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 
        300f et seq.);
            (10) in 2011, the Secretary of the Interior announced the 
        intention to promulgate new Federal regulations governing 
        hydraulic fracturing on Federal land;
            (11) a February 2012 study by the Energy Institute at the 
        University of Texas at Austin, entitled ``Fact-Based Regulation 
        for Environmental Protection in Shale Gas Development'', found 
        that ``[n]o evidence of chemicals from hydraulic fracturing 
        fluid has been found in aquifers as a result of fracturing 
        operations''; and
            (12) on October 1, 2014, the Ground Water Protection 
        Council and State Oil and Gas Regulatory Exchange released a 
        report entitled ``State Oil and Gas Regulations Designed to 
        Protect Water Resources'' that describes the cutting edge of 
        State-based oil and gas regulations, concluding that ``In step 
        with dramatic industry growth over the past five years, states 
        have substantially improved groundwater protection laws and 
        regulations governing oil and natural gas production.''.

SEC. 3. DEFINITION OF FEDERAL LAND.

    In this Act, the term ``Federal land'' means--
            (1) public lands (as defined in section 103 of the Federal 
        Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1702));
            (2) National Forest System land;
            (3) land under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of 
        Reclamation; and
            (4) land under the jurisdiction of the Corps of Engineers.

SEC. 4. STATE AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--A State shall have the sole authority to 
promulgate or enforce any regulation, guidance, or permit requirement 
regarding the treatment of a well by the application of fluids under 
pressure to which propping agents may be added for the expressly 
designed purpose of initiating or propagating fractures in a target 
geologic formation in order to enhance production of oil, natural gas, 
or geothermal production activities on or under any land within the 
boundaries of the State.
    (b) Federal Land.--The treatment of a well by the application of 
fluids under pressure to which propping agents may be added for the 
expressly designed purpose of initiating or propagating fractures in a 
target geologic formation in order to enhance production of oil, 
natural gas, or geothermal production activities on Federal land shall 
be subject to the law of the State in which the land is located.
[EX A]: Fracturing Regulations are Effective in State Hands Act  This bill gives states the sole authority to promulgate or enforce any regulation, guidance, or permit requirement regarding hydraulic fracturing on or under any land within their boundaries. Hydraulic fracturing or fracking is a process to extract underground resources such as oil or gas from a geologic formation by injecting water, a propping agent (e.g., sand), and chemical additives into a well under enough pressure to fracture the geological formation. Hydraulic fracturing on federal land must comply with the law of the state in which the land is located.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Ratepayer Fairness Act of 2015''.

SEC. 2. CROSS-SUBSIDIZATION OF CUSTOMER-SIDE TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) Consideration of Impact From Cross-Subsidization of Customer-
Side Technology.--Section 111(d) of the Public Utility Regulatory 
Policies Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2621(d)) is amended by adding at the 
end the following:
            ``(20) Consideration of impact from cross-subsidization of 
        customer-side technology.--
                    ``(A) Definition of customer-side technology.--In 
                this paragraph, the term `customer-side technology' 
                means a device connected to the electricity 
                distribution system--
                            ``(i) at, or on the customer side of, the 
                        meter; or
                            ``(ii) that, if owned or operated by, or on 
                        behalf of, an electric utility, would otherwise 
                        be at, or on the customer side of, the meter.
                    ``(B) Consideration.--Each State regulatory 
                authority (with respect to each electric utility for 
                which it has ratemaking authority) and each 
                nonregulated electric utility shall consider, to the 
                extent a State regulatory authority or nonregulated 
                electric utility allows rates charged by any electric 
                utility to include any cost, fee, or charge that 
                directly or indirectly subsidizes the deployment, 
                construction, maintenance, or operation of customer-
                side technology, whether subsidizing the deployment, 
                construction, maintenance, or operation of a customer-
                side technology would--
                            ``(i) result in benefits predominately 
                        enjoyed by only the users of the customer-side 
                        technology;
                            ``(ii) shift costs of a customer-side 
                        technology to electricity consumers that do not 
                        use the customer-side technology, particularly 
                        in cases in which disparate economic or 
                        resource conditions exist among the electricity 
                        consumers cross-subsidizing the customer-side 
                        technology;
                            ``(iii) negatively affect resource 
                        utilization, fuel diversity, grid reliability, 
                        or grid security;
                            ``(iv) provide any unfair competitive 
                        advantage to market the customer-side 
                        technology, including an analysis of whether 
                        the State regulatory authority or other State 
                        authority has uncovered any fraudulent 
                        customer-side technology marketing practices 
                        within the State; and
                            ``(v) be necessary to fulfill an obligation 
                        to serve electric consumers.
                    ``(C) Public notice.--At least 90 days before the 
                date on which a State regulatory authority or 
                nonregulated electric utility holds a proceeding that 
                would consider the cross-subsidization of a customer-
                side technology, the State regulatory authority or 
                nonregulated electric utility shall make available to 
                the public the results of the evaluation conducted 
                under subparagraph (B).''.
    (b) Compliance.--
            (1) Time limitations.--Section 112(b) of the Public Utility 
        Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2622(b)) is amended 
        by adding at the end the following:
            ``(7)(A) Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
        of this paragraph, each State regulatory authority (with 
        respect to each electric utility for which it has ratemaking 
        authority), and each nonregulated electric utility shall, with 
        respect to the standard established by paragraph (20) of 
        section 111(d)--
                    ``(i) commence the consideration referred to in 
                section 111; or
                    ``(ii) set a hearing date for the consideration.
            ``(B) Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
        this paragraph, each State regulatory authority (with respect 
        to each electric utility for which it has ratemaking 
        authority), and each nonregulated electric utility, shall--
                    ``(i) complete the consideration required under 
                subparagraph (A); and
                    ``(ii) make the determination referred to in 
                section 111 with respect to the standard established by 
                paragraph (20) of section 111(d).''.
            (2) Failure to comply.--Section 112(c) of the Public 
        Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 2622(c)) is 
        amended by adding at the end the following: ``In the case of 
        the standard established by paragraph (20) of section 111(d), 
        the reference contained in this subsection to the date of 
        enactment of this Act shall be deemed to be a reference to the 
        date of enactment of that paragraph.''.
[EX A]: Ratepayer Fairness Act of 2015  This bill amends the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA) to require a state regulatory authority and a nonregulated electric utility (entities), to the extent that they allow electric utility rates to include charges that subsidize customer-side technology, to consider whether that subsidy would:  result in benefits predominately enjoyed by only the users of the customer-side technology; shift costs of a customer-side technology to electricity consumers that do not use it, particularly in cases in which disparate economic or resource conditions exist among the electricity consumers cross-subsidizing the customer-side technology; negatively affect resource utilization, fuel diversity, grid reliability, or grid security; give any unfair competitive advantage to market the customer-side technology, including an analysis of whether a state regulatory authority has uncovered fraudulent customer-side technology marketing practices; and be necessary to fulfill an obligation to serve electric consumers.   The bill sets deadlines within which the entities must set a hearing date to consider and subsequently determine the subsidization of customer-side technology.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Child Support Security Act''.

SEC. 2. NO EFFECT ON RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed to affect--
            (1) the right of an individual or State to receive any 
        child support payment; or
            (2) the obligation of an individual to pay child support.

SEC. 3. INCLUSION IN INCOME OF AMOUNT OF UNPAID CHILD SUPPORT PAYMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 108 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
(relating to discharge of indebtedness income) is amended by adding at 
the end thereof the following new subsection:
    ``(h) Unpaid Child Support Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of this chapter, any 
        taxable unpaid child support payments of a taxpayer for any 
        taxable year shall be treated as amounts includible in gross 
        income of the taxpayer for the taxable year by reason of the 
        discharge of indebtedness of the taxpayer.
            ``(2) Taxable unpaid child support payments.--For purposes 
        of this subsection, the term `taxable unpaid child support 
        payments' means payments--
                    ``(A) which were applicable child support payments 
                which the taxpayer was required to pay under a support 
                instrument for the support of a child of the taxpayer, 
                and
                    ``(B) with respect to which the notice requirements 
                of paragraph (3) are met.
            ``(3) Notice requirements.--
                    ``(A) In general.--During January of the second 
                calendar year following a calendar year in which there 
                begins a taxable year for which a deduction allowed 
                under section 166(f) was claimed, the eligible taxpayer 
                shall send a notice (in such form as the Secretary may 
                prescribe) to the individual who failed to make 
                payments which contains--
                            ``(i) the amount of the applicable child 
                        support payments for such taxable year, and
                            ``(ii) notice that the individual is 
                        required to include such amount in gross income 
                        for the taxable year beginning in the preceding 
                        calendar year.
                    ``(B) Notice by secretary.--If notice cannot be 
                provided under subparagraph (A) because the address is 
                not known to the eligible taxpayer, the Secretary shall 
                send such notice if the address is available to the 
                Secretary.
                    ``(C) Address unknown.--If notice cannot be 
                provided under subparagraph (A) or (B) because there is 
                no known address, no income shall be included in gross 
                income for any taxable year beginning before the 
                calendar year preceding the calendar year in which such 
                notice may be sent.
            ``(4) Subsequent payments.--If any payment required to be 
        included in gross income under paragraph (1) is subsequently 
        made, the amount of such payment shall be allowed as a 
        deduction for the taxable year in which such payment is made.
            ``(5) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection, the 
        terms `applicable child support payments' and `eligible 
        taxpayer' have the meanings given such terms by section 
        166(f).''
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997.

SEC. 4. ALLOWANCE OF BAD DEBT DEDUCTION FOR UNPAID CHILD SUPPORT 
              PAYMENTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 166 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
(relating to deduction for bad debts) is amended by redesignating 
subsection (f) as subsection (g) and by inserting after subsection (e) 
the following new subsection:
    ``(f) Unpaid Child Support Payments.--
            ``(1) In general.--In the case of any eligible taxpayer who 
        has any applicable child support payments remaining unpaid as 
        of the close of the taxable year--
                    ``(A) subsections (a) and (d) shall not apply to 
                such payments, and
                    ``(B) there shall be allowed as a deduction for 
                such taxable year an amount equal to the amount of such 
                payments.
            ``(2) Per child limitation on deduction.--The aggregate 
        amount allowable as a deduction for any taxable year under 
        paragraph (1) with respect to any child for whom applicable 
        child support payments are required to be paid shall not exceed 
        $5,000.
            ``(3) Eligible taxpayer.--For purposes of this subsection, 
        the term `eligible taxpayer' means an individual--
                    ``(A) whose adjusted gross income for the taxable 
                year does not exceed $50,000,
                    ``(B) with respect to whom the amount of applicable 
                child support payments remaining unpaid as of the close 
                of the taxable year is equal to or greater than $500, 
                and
                    ``(C) who meets the identification requirements of 
                paragraph (5).
            ``(4) Applicable child support payment.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `applicable child 
                support payment' means, with respect to any taxable 
                year of the eligible taxpayer--
                            ``(i) any periodic payment of a fixed 
                        amount, or
                            ``(ii) any payment of a medical or 
                        educational expense, insurance premium, or 
                        other similar item,
                which is required to be paid to such taxpayer during 
                such taxable year by an individual under a support 
                instrument meeting the requirements of paragraph (8) 
                for the support of any qualifying child of such 
                individual.
                    ``(B) Qualifying child.--For purposes of this 
                paragraph, the term `qualifying child' means a child of 
                an eligible individual with respect to whom a deduction 
                is allowable under section 151 for the taxable year (or 
                would be so allowable but for paragraph (2) or (4) of 
                section 152(e)).
                    ``(C) Payments must be delinquent for at least 
                entire year.--Any payment described in subparagraph (A) 
                which is required to be made by an individual to an 
                eligible taxpayer shall not be treated as an applicable 
                unpaid child support payment if at least half of the 
                payments which are required to be paid to the eligible 
                taxpayer during the 12-month period ending on the last 
                day of the taxable year are paid. In the case of the 
                1st taxable year to which this subsection applies to 
                payments from any individual, the preceding sentence 
                shall be applied by substituting `24-month' for `12-
                month'.
                    ``(D) Coordination with afdc.--The term `applicable 
                child support payment' shall not include any payment 
                the right to which has been assigned to a State under 
                section 402(a)(26) of the Social Security Act (42 
                U.S.C. 602(a)(26)).
            ``(5) Identification requirements.--The requirements of 
        this paragraph are met if the eligible taxpayer includes on the 
        return claiming the deduction under this subsection the name, 
        address, and taxpayer identification number of--
                    ``(A) each child with respect to whom child support 
                payments to which this subsection applies are required 
                to be paid, and
                    ``(B) the individual who was required to make such 
                child support payments.
        In the case of a failure to provide the information under 
        subparagraph (B), the preceding sentence shall not apply if the 
        eligible taxpayer certifies that any such information is not 
        known.
            ``(6) Cost-of-living adjustments.--In the case of any 
        taxable year beginning after 1998, the $50,000 amount under 
        paragraph (2)(A), the $50,000 amount under paragraph (3)(A), 
        and the $500 amount under paragraph (3)(B) shall each be 
        increased by an amount equal to--
                    ``(A) such dollar amount, multiplied by
                    ``(B) the cost-of-living adjustment determined 
                under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar year in which 
                the taxable year begins, except that section 1(f)(3)(B) 
                shall be applied by substituting `1997' for `1992'.
            ``(7) Subsequent payments.--If any payment with respect to 
        which a deduction was allowed under paragraph (1) is 
        subsequently made, such payment shall be included in gross 
        income of the eligible taxpayer for the taxable year in which 
        paid. This paragraph shall not apply to any amount if an 
        individual has assigned the right to receive such amount to a 
        State (and the State does not pay such amount to such 
        individual).
            ``(8) Support instrument.--For purposes of this subsection, 
        a support instrument meets the requirements of this paragraph 
        if it is--
                    ``(A) a decree of divorce or separate maintenance 
                or a written instrument incident to such a decree,
                    ``(B) a written separation agreement, or
                    ``(C) a decree (not described in subparagraph (A)) 
                of a court or administrative agency requiring a parent 
                to make payments for the support or maintenance of 1 or 
                more children of such parent.''
    (b) Deduction for Nonitemizers.--Section 62(a) of such Code is 
amended by inserting after paragraph (16) the following new paragraph:
            ``(17) Unpaid child support payments.--The deduction 
        allowed by section 166(f).''
    (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 166(d)(2) of such Code is 
amended by striking ``or'' at the end of subparagraph (A), by striking 
the period at the end of subparagraph (B) and inserting ``, or'' and by 
adding at the end thereof the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(C) a debt which is an applicable child support 
                payment under subsection (f).''
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997.

SEC. 5. REDUCTION OF FEDERAL DEBT.

    Net revenues received in the Treasury pursuant to this Act shall be 
applied, as provided in appropriation Acts, solely to the retirement of 
outstanding public debt obligations of the United States and may not be 
obligated or expended for any other purpose, notwithstanding any other 
provision of law that does not specifically refer to this section.
[EX A]:
Child Support Security Act - Amends the Internal Revenue Code relating to discharge of indebtedness income to provide that any taxable unpaid child support payments of a taxpayer for any taxable year shall be treated as amounts includible in the taxpayer's gross income by reason of the discharge of the taxpayer's indebtedness.  Sets forth notice guidelines. 
Allows an eligible taxpayer with respect to whom child support payments remain unpaid during the taxable year a deduction of up to $5,000 equal to the amount of payments remaining unpaid.  Limits such deductions to taxpayers with adjusted gross incomes under $50,000 and unpaid child support payments of $500 or more. 
Requires that net revenues received in the Treasury pursuant to this Act be applied solely to the retirement of outstanding Federal debt obligations and not be obligated or expended for any other purpose.