In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Q: if the defendant is a natural person at least 18 years of age or emancipated by court order, by:

A: non-overruling
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Q: this court's lewis decision, in placing great emphasis on the fact that lewis' petit theft and uttering a forgery offenses were based on the "same act," and in going beyond the blockburger test, cannot be reconciled with recent supreme court rulings.

A: overruling
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Q: the petition includes statements from state bar staff confirming that no disciplinary, fee dispute arbitration, or client security fund matters are pending against spitzer; and that he is current on all membership fee payments and other financial commitments relating to his practice of law in this state.

A:
non-overruling
****