Adverse drug reactions are appreciably harmful or unpleasant reactions resulting from an intervention related to the use of medical products, which predicts hazard from future administration and warrants prevention or specific treatment, or alteration of the dosage regimen, or withdrawal of the product. Given medical case reports extracted from MEDLINE, the task is to classify whether the case report mentions the presence of any adverse drug reaction. Classify your answers into non-adverse drug event and adverse drug event.

[Q]: MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical signs and symptoms of ITB withdrawal of varying severity were assessed by vital signs (temperature, heart rate), physical examination (reflexes, tone, clonus), and patient report of symptoms (itching, nausea, headache, malaise).
[A]: non-adverse drug event


[Q]: INTRODUCTION: Despite high success rates with free-tissue transfer, flap loss continues to be a devastating event.
[A]: non-adverse drug event


[Q]: Acute sensorineural hearing loss following intravenous ketoralac administration.
[A]:
adverse drug event