TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.
PROBLEM: Question: Which country today is closest to the Philippine island that was once connected Semporna peninsula? Passage 1:Hadleigh Castle is a ruined fortification in the English county of Essex, overlooking the Thames Estuary from south of the town of Hadleigh. Built after 1215 during the reign of Henry III by Hubert de Burgh, the castle was surrounded by parkland and had an important economic and defensive role. The castle was significantly expanded and remodelled by Edward III, who turned it into a grander property, designed to defend against a potential French attack, as well as to provide the King with a convenient private residence close to London. Built on a soft hill of London clay, the castle has often been subject to subsidence; this, combined with the sale of its stonework in the 16th century, has led to it now being ruined. The remains are now preserved by English Heritage and protected under UK law as a Grade I listed building and scheduled monument.
 Passage 2:Kuenn was born in West Allis, Wisconsin, but raised in neighboring Milwaukee, Wisconsin and attended Lutheran High School. He was the only child born to German-Americans Harvey and Dorothy (Wrensch) Kuenn. He once kicked (dropkicked) a 53-yard field goal for Lutheran in a football game, which is tied for the eighth-longest field goal in Wisconsin high school football history. He played collegiate baseball at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he was a member of Delta Upsilon fraternity. Signed by Detroit as an amateur free agent in 1952, Kuenn was named the starting shortstop after joining the team late in the season. In his first full season in 1953, he hit .308 with 94 runs and led the major leagues with 209 hits, setting a major league rookie record with 167 singles. He received the American League Rookie of the Year and TSN Rookie of the Year awards. Also in that season, he received the first of his ten consecutive selections to the All-Star Game. On October 29, 1955, he married former Miss Wisconsin 1954, Dixie Ann Sarchet in her hometown of Stevens Point, Wisconsin. 
 Passage 3:During the last ice age, the peninsula was connected by an isthmus to the island of Mindanao in the Philippines with the former isthmus included what is now the active volcanic island of Jolo, located at . In the peninsula also located the Skull Hill (Bukit Tengkorak) which consisted largely of numerous isolated hills and mountains, mostly being an extinct volcanoes from the era of Pliocene to Quaternary. Based on survey by Geological Department of Kota Kinabalu, the Skull Hill is said to be an island in its previous form but since the coral limestone terrace of the peninsula have risen from between 100 metres to 130 metres in the past 20,000 years, the hill are not island but a mountainous ridge near the coast. Through a survey on the geothermal presence in the peninsula, the area have a potential to develop geothermal energy as part of the Sabah's renewable energy. The narrow continental shelf fronting the coastal areas of both Dent and Semporna Peninsulas also could be exposed to future tsunamis with the active fault in the eastern coast.


SOLUTION: 3

PROBLEM: Question: Which of the performers during the ceremony was the oldest at the time of the ceremony? Passage 1:Born in Bedford on 22 September 1780, John Hensman was educated at Bedford School and at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he matriculated as an Exhibitioner in February 1797. He graduated as ninth Wrangler at the University of Cambridge in 1801 and was elected as a Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1803, and was appointed as Curate of Wraxall, Somerset. In 1809 he was appointed as Curate of Clifton, Bristol. He was instrumental in the rebuilding of Clifton parish church, which was consecrated on 12 August 1822. He was then the moving force behind the building of the Church of Holy Trinity, Hotwells, which was consecrated on 10 November 1830. He held the incumbency of the church until 1844, when he was granted the perpetual curacy of Christ Church, Clifton Down, and he oversaw the rebuilding of that church. He was instituted to the living of Clifton, Bristol, in 1847, and oversaw the building of St Paul's Church, Clifton, Bristol, consecrated in 1853, and St Peter’s Church, Clifton, consecrated in 1855.
 Passage 2:Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen was the son of Drowai Gonpo (1508–1548), a sub-ruler who resided in Gongri Karpo to the south-west of Lhasa. His grandfather was Ngawang Tashi Drakpa (1488–1564), the last effective king of the Phagmodrupa line. The main palace of the dynasty was Nêdong southeast of Lhasa. In 1554 Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen temporarily took over the throne of his old grandfather, when the latter was forced to step down for a while. However, new turmoil broke out in Central Tibet in 1555. A council was headed by the religious hierarchs of Drigung Kagyu and Shamarpa, and it was decided to put the old ex-king back on the throne. Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen had to return to Gongri Karpo. Some years later he rose against the 75-year-old ruler and tried to acquire the throne permanently. He was aided in his ambitions by the ruler of Ganden. He also kept good relations with Sonam Gyatso, later known as the Third Dalai Lama. A number of Buddhist dignitaries tried to intervene in the rebellion, to no avail. In the next year 1564, his grandfather died. New disturbances broke out between the Nêdong and Gongri Karpo branches of the dynasty. Sonam Gyatso was asked to mediate in the conflict. Eventually Ngawang Drakpa Gyaltsen became the new gongma or king in 1576. However, the executive authority of the Phagmodrupa was now almost depleted. Nevertheless, the Phagmodrupa still filled a role as a focal point around which politics in Ü (East Central Tibet) revolved and different groups balanced each other. Conditions in this part of Tibet tended to be relatively peaceful in the decades of the late sixteenth century, and relations between the main religious sects Karmapa and Gelugpa were amiable for the moment.
 Passage 3:1999: Britney Spears was the big winner of the night winning four awards, including Best New Act and Best Song for "...Baby One More Time". She also performed during the ceremony, entertaining the crowd with a medley of her songs "...Baby One More Time" and "(You Drive Me) Crazy". The Free Your Mind Award, which honours an individual or organisation for aiding in humanitarian efforts and fighting prejudice, was given to Bono for his world peace work. Puff Daddy performed "My Best Friend" backed by a full gospel choir, followed by Iggy Pop, who stagedived into the crowd during the track "Lust for Life". Whitney Houston sang a medley of "Get It Back" and "My Love Is Your Love", while Mariah Carey performed "Heartbreaker". Marilyn Manson, who wore nothing but a G-string, closed the show with a performance of "Rock Is Dead".


SOLUTION: 3

PROBLEM: Question: Is China's Got Talent an adaption of America's Got Talent? Passage 1:On 27 March 2009, Tsai released her tenth studio album Butterfly. With more than 120,000 copies have been pre-orderred, Butterfly became the album with the highest pre-order volume in Taiwan's history. The album has sold more than 190,000 in Taiwan, and it became the best-selling album of the year in the region. On 28 March 2009, Tsai embarked Butterfly Campus Tour at Chung Hua University in Hsinchu, Taiwan, and it concluded on 10 May 2009 at Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology in Tainan, Taiwan. On 9 May 2009, Tsai held Butterfly Concert at Taichung Citizen Square in Taichung, Taiwan. On 24 May 2009, Tsai held Slow Life Concert at Riverside Live House in Taipei, Taiwan. On 9 October 2009, Tsai released her fifth live album Love & Live, and it documented both her Butterfly Concert and Slow Life Concert. On 15 October 2009, Tsai founded her own entertainment company Eternal with her manager Ke Fu-hung to manage Tsai's day-to-day business affairs and coordinate the production and enforcement of copyright for Tsai's own sound recordings and concerts. In March 2010, media reported that Tsai's eleventh studio album would be released in July of the year, and Sam Chen, the president of Warner Music Greater China, said: "The album will have many international collaborations, with a budget of more than NT$50 million." On 27 April 2010, Tsai released a promotional song titled "Heartbeat of Taiwan" for the Taiwan Pavilion at Expo 2010. In July 2010, Tsai invited Ahn Hyung Suk, who has collaborated with TVXQ, and Benny Ninja, who starred as a judge on America's Next Top Model, to choreograph for the album. On 12 July 2010, Tsai attended a press conference for China's Got Talent and played a promotional song, which later revealed as the track "Black-Haird Beautiful Girl" on the album.
 Passage 2:Benny Moldovanu earned a BSc and MSc in mathematics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1986 and 1989, respectively, the latter under the supervision of Bezalel Peleg. He then obtained a PhD in economics from the University of Bonn, with future Nobel Memorial Prize winner Reinhard Selten as advisor, in 1991 and habilitated there in 1995. Having worked as assistant professor of economics at the University of Bonn after his PhD (1991–95), he then became full professor at the University of Mannheim (1995–2002) before returning to the University of Bonn in 2002, where he has worked ever since. At Bonn, he has been the Co-Director and later Academic Director of the Bonn Graduate School of Economics (2006–13) as well as Co-Director of the Hausdorff Center for Mathematics (2006–13), where he today leads the research area on mechanism design and game theory.. Moreover, at Bonn, Moldovanu is currently Director of the Institute of Microeconomics (since 2012) as well as of the Reinhard Selten Institute for Research in Economics (since 2017). Throughout his professional career, Moldovanu has held visiting appointments at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Northwestern University, University College London, Yale University, Tel Aviv University, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In terms of professional activities, he has been a member of the Councils of the European Economic Association and Game Theory Society, is a research fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), and has chaired the Scientific Committees of the Econometric Society and German Economic Association. Finally, he has performed editorial duties for Econometrica, Journal of the European Economic Association, Games and Economic Behavior, Journal of Economic Theory, and Economic Policy.
 Passage 3:As the Treaty of Versailles came into force on 10 January 1920, the German government had to drastically reduce the headcount of its regular armed forces, and dissolve paramilitary units like the right-wing Freikorps. Consequently, the German Reichswehrminister (defence minister) Gustav Noske ordered the dissolution of the Freikorps Marinebrigaden "Ehrhardt" and "Loewenfeld". The highest ranking general of the Reichswehr, Walther von Lüttwitz refused to comply, which resulted in what became known as Kapp Putsch or Lüttwitz-Kapp-Putsch. On 13 March 1920, the right-wing Marinebrigade Ehrhardt led by von Lüttwitz marched into Berlin, occupied the government buildings and installed Wolfgang Kapp as new chancellor, calling for a return of the monarchy. To restore order, Noske then asked Hans von Seeckt, who at the time was the head of the Truppenamt im Reichswehrministerium, to order the regular army, the "Transitional Reichswehr", to put down the putsch. Von Seeckt and the other senior commanders with the exception of General Walther Reinhardt refused and the government was forced to flee from Berlin. 


SOLUTION:
1