instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a benign disorder with a variable clinical course that often leads to hospitalization. The aim of this study was to assess and validate the relationship between the serum cystatin C level and symptom duration in infants with TTN.', 'Forty newborns presenting with TTN and who had undergone serum cystatin C (Cys C) tests on the first day of admission to the Kyung Hee University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) from 2009 to 2013 were included. The serum Cys C level, creatinine (Cr) level, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and tachypnea duration were correlated retrospectively.', 'The median gestation period was 37.8\xa0±\xa03.8 weeks and the mean birth weight was 3.2\xa0±\xa00.4\xa0kg. Tachypnea duration was 3.3\xa0±\xa02.0 days. Serum Cys C and Cr levels were 1.7\xa0±\xa00.2\xa0mg/L and 0.8\xa0±\xa01.2\xa0mg/dL, respectively. Tachypnea duration was significantly positively correlated with the serum levels of Cys C and significantly negatively correlated with Cys C-based eGFR (p\xa0=\xa00.016), but was not significantly correlated with the serum Cr level or Cr-based eGFR. When tachypnea duration was compared between infants with Cys C level <1.6\xa0mg/L (n\xa0=\xa015; Group A) and infants with Cys C level\xa0≥\xa01.6\xa0mg/L (n\xa0=\xa025; Group B), the symptom duration was significantly shorter in Group A infants (p\xa0=\xa00.011).
answer:
Does decreased Cystatin C-Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate be Correlated with Prolonged Hospital Stay in Transient Tachypnea of Newborn Infants?


question:
To determine whether obese patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery within an enhanced recovery program had worse short-term outcomes.', 'A prospective study of consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection was carried out between 2008 and 2011 in a single institution. Patients were divided in groups based on body mass index (BMI). Short-term outcomes including operative data, length of stay, complications and readmission rates were recorded and compared between the groups. Continuous data were analysed using t-test or one-way Analysis of Variance. χ(2) test was used to compare categorical data.', 'Two hundred and fifty four patients were included over the study period. The majority of individuals (41.7%) recruited were of a healthy weight (BMI < 25), whilst 50 patients were classified as obese (19.6%). Patients were matched in terms of the presence of co-morbidities and previous abdominal surgery. Obese patients were found to have a statistically significant difference in The American Society of Anesthesiologists grade. Length of surgery and intra-operative blood loss were no different according to BMI.
answer:
Do obese patients have similar short-term outcomes to non-obese in laparoscopic colorectal surgery?


question:
Despite the clinical efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin (RHE) on chemotherapy-induced anemia, most cost-effectiveness studies have given unfavorable results.', 'To determine the cost of managing anemia in unselected patients receiving chemotherapy for lung cancer, and the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of RHE.', 'We constructed Markov models of two cohorts of patients who received (n=94) or did not receive (n=89) darbepoetin (one weekly injection when the hemoglobin level fell below 11 g/dl), focusing on changes in hemoglobin levels, transfusion requirements, anemia management costs, and the cost-effectiveness ratios of the two management strategies.', 'The use of RHE significantly reduced the proportion of patients needing transfusions (from 33.6% to 19.1%, p<0.05) and the number of red cell units used by transfusion (from 2.97+/-1.47 to 2.11+/-0.47, p<0.01). Markov modeling showed that the RHE strategy significantly increased the mean Hb level (13+/-0.5 g/dl versus 11.9+/-1g/dl, p<0.001), at the price of an increase in the main cost (respectively, US$ 1732+/-897 and 996+/-643; p<0.01). The cost-effectiveness ratio favored the RHE strategy (7.02 versus 9.04). Sensitivity analysis showed that the RHE strategy remained dominant in most situations.
answer:

Is routine once-weekly darbepoetin alfa administration cost-effective in lung cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia : a Markov analysis?