instruction:
In this task, you are given a sentence in the Japanese language and your task is to convert it into the English language. In translation, keep numbers as it is and make it sentence case (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and noun).
question:
タバコは年間5百万人の寿命を縮めていて、現在の傾向が覆されなければ、数値は2020年までに2倍になる。
answer:
It prematurely ends the lives of 5 million people a year, a figure which will double by 2020 if current trends are not reversed.


question:
これらの変革は、競争力の増えたe-トレードへの反動および規制環境の変化であるが、多くの望むようにNASDAQおよびNYSEがお互いの株を取引し、市場株をつかみとる試みで、取引コストを下げ、最終的に消費者の利益となる結果となるだろう。
answer:
These changes, a reaction to increased e-trading competition and a changed regulatory environment, will result in NASDAQ and NYSE trading each other's shares and attempting to grab market share, which many hope will drive down transaction costs and ultimately benefit consumers.


question:
先行研究では、他のホルモンがミエリンの損傷を減らすことが可能であると発表していたが、これはミエリン損傷を逆行させるメカニズムを示し、そのメカニズムと妊娠の経験上の関係を樹立した最初の研究である。
answer:

Previous studies have shown that other hormones could reduce myelin damage, but this is the first study to show a mechanism to reverse myelin damage, and establish an empirical connection between that mechanism and pregnancy.