In this task, you are given the abstract of a research paper. Your task is to generate a summary of this abstract. Your summary should not be very short, but it's better if it's not more than 30 words.

Ex Input:
Recurrent Neural Networks architectures excel at processing sequences by
 modelling dependencies over different timescales. The recently introduced
 Recurrent Weighted Average (RWA) unit captures long term dependencies
 far better than an LSTM on several challenging tasks. The RWA achieves
 this by applying attention to each input and computing a weighted average
 over the full history of its computations. Unfortunately, the RWA cannot
 change the attention it has assigned to previous timesteps, and so struggles
 with carrying out consecutive tasks or tasks with changing requirements.
 We present the Recurrent Discounted Attention (RDA) unit that builds on
 the RWA by additionally allowing the discounting of the past.
 We empirically compare our model to RWA, LSTM and GRU units on
 several challenging tasks. On tasks with a single output the RWA, RDA and
 GRU units learn much quicker than the LSTM and with better performance.
 On the multiple sequence copy task our RDA unit learns the task three
 times as quickly as the LSTM or GRU units while the RWA fails to learn at
 all. On the Wikipedia character prediction task the LSTM performs best
 but it followed closely by our RDA unit. Overall our RDA unit performs
 well and is sample efficient on a large variety of sequence tasks.

Ex Output:
We introduce the Recurrent Discounted Unit which applies attention to any length sequence in linear time


Ex Input:
For typical sequence prediction problems such as language generation, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) has commonly been adopted as it encourages the predicted sequence most consistent with the ground-truth sequence to have the highest probability of occurring. However, MLE focuses on once-to-all matching between the predicted sequence and gold-standard, consequently treating all incorrect predictions as being equally incorrect. We refer to this drawback as {\it negative diversity ignorance} in this paper. Treating all incorrect predictions as equal unfairly downplays the nuance of these sequences' detailed token-wise structure. To counteract this, we augment the MLE loss by introducing an extra Kullback--Leibler divergence term derived by comparing a data-dependent Gaussian prior and the detailed training prediction. The proposed data-dependent Gaussian prior objective (D2GPo) is defined over a prior topological order of tokens and is poles apart from the data-independent Gaussian prior (L2 regularization) commonly adopted in smoothing the training of MLE. Experimental results show that the proposed method makes effective use of a more detailed prior in the data and has improved performance in typical language generation tasks, including supervised and unsupervised machine translation, text summarization, storytelling, and image captioning.


Ex Output:
We introduce an extra data-dependent Gaussian prior objective to augment the current MLE training, which is designed to capture the prior knowledge in the ground-truth data.


Ex Input:
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are used in state-of-the-art models in domains such as speech recognition, machine translation, and language modelling. Sparsity is a technique to reduce compute and memory requirements of deep learning models. Sparse RNNs are easier to deploy on devices and high-end server processors. Even though sparse operations need less compute and memory relative to their dense counterparts, the speed-up observed by using sparse operations is less than expected on different hardware platforms. In order to address this issue, we investigate two different approaches to induce block sparsity in RNNs: pruning blocks of weights in a layer and using group lasso regularization with pruning to create blocks of weights with zeros. Using these techniques, we can create block-sparse RNNs with sparsity ranging from 80% to 90% with a small loss in accuracy. This technique allows us to reduce the model size by roughly 10x. Additionally, we can prune a larger dense network to recover this loss in accuracy while maintaining high block sparsity and reducing the overall parameter count. Our technique works with a variety of block sizes up to 32x32. Block-sparse RNNs eliminate overheads related to data storage and irregular memory accesses while increasing hardware efficiency compared to unstructured sparsity.


Ex Output:

We show the RNNs can be pruned to induce block sparsity which improves speedup for sparse operations on existing hardware