instruction:
In this task, we ask you to elaborate the sentence without changing its general meaning. You can do so by explaining further the input sentence, using more precise wording, adding qualifiers and auxiliary information etc.
question:
In flail chest multiple ribs are broken move independently of the rib cage .
answer:
Chest wall injuries include rib fractures and flail chest , in which multiple ribs are broken so that a segment of the ribcage is detached from the rest of the chest wall and moves independently .


question:
In 1715 , Brook Taylor discovered a general method for applying the series to all functions .
answer:
It was not until 1715 however that a general method for constructing these series for all functions for which they exist was finally provided by Brook Taylor , after whom the series are now named .


question:
In Japan , reigning emperors are known simply as " the Emperor " and he is now referred to primarily by his posthumous name , Emperor Sho ̄ wa ( 昭和天皇 ) .
answer:

In Japan , reigning emperors are known simply as the Emperor and he is now referred to primarily by his posthumous name , Sho ̄ wa ( 昭和 ) , which is the name of the era coinciding with his reign ; for this reason , he is also known as the Sho ̄ wa Emperor or Emperor Sho ̄ wa .