TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: The beneficial type of this concept would be produced by such factors as the development of an AIDS vaccine, a better educational system, or a more efficient highway system. Costs of this type are not factored into the GDP; therefore, the GDP overstates economic welfare. FTP, name this economic concept in which a third party is affected by production or consumption of a commodity.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: This man gives his name, along with that of Francis Sears, to a process in ultrasonic imaging for which the acoustic wavefronts act as optical gratings to diffract the light on either side of the central spot. The distance over which charge carriers in plasmas exclude electric fields via his namesake shielding is also known as his namesake length. With an assistant later famous in his own right for his rule for determining whether ring molecules would show aromatic properties, he developed a mathematical expression to explain characteristics of electrolytic solutions, the famous equation named for him and Erich Hckel. FTP name this man who also gives his name to the SI unit defined as about 3.3 x 10-30 Coulomb meters, which measures the molecular dipole moment.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: Notable translators of it include Alexander Heidel, who rendered all the dirty passages into Latin, and John Gardner. The characters include Siduri "whose drinks refresh the soul" and Ninsun the title character's mother, who interprets many of this dreams. Often known by its first line "He who saw everything," in the latter part of the work the hero encounters talking scorpions who allow him to ascend Mount Mashu and a snake who steals the plant of eternal life which Utnapishtam had told him of. Earlier the hero slew Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven with his friend Enkidu. For 10 points - identify this Babylonian poem about a king of Uruk.

SOLUTION:
Social Science