instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Context: Inflammatory risk factors in childhood, e.g. obesity, impact on carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT), an early indicator of atherosclerosis. Little is known on potential infectious origins in childhood. We investigated the association between number of reported different childhood infectious diseases and CIMT in adolescence.', "288 SAPALDIA offspring (8-21years) underwent a clinical examination in 2010-2011: anthropometry, blood pressure, CIMT, blood draw (cardiovascular biomarkers, cotinine). Offspring and parents gave information on individuals' and family health, child's vaccination status, infectious diseases and other early life factors. Life-time prevalence of bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, otitis, mononucleosis, meningitis, appendicitis, and scarlet fever were investigated, separately, and as cumulative infectious disease score. Multilevel adjusted linear regression analysis on the association between subjects' CIMT average and infectious diseases score was performed, stratifying by sex.", 'Youth (mean age 14.8\xa0yrs; 53% female) reported on average 1.3 of the listed infectious diseases; 22% boys and 15% girls reported ≥3 infectious diseases (p\xa0=\xa00.136). Two-thirds were vaccinated according to recommendations (boys 56%, girls 61.5%, p\xa0=\xa00.567). Sex-stratified analyses yielded significantly increased CIMT in boys with ≥3 infectious diseases vs. none (0.046\xa0mm, 95%CI 0.024; 0.068). In girls, the effect was of same direction but statistically non-significant (0.011\xa0mm, 95%CI\xa0-0.015; 0.036).
Answer: The SAPALDIA Youth study complements current evidence on infectious origins of atherosclerosis in adults. The larger effects observed in boys may relate to a higher vulnerability of the vasculature and/or to infectious pathogens. Our data are suggestive of an early impact of childhood infectious diseases on vascular health.
answer:
Are infectious diseases associated with carotid intima media thickness in adolescence?


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Context: To explore the effect of delta-opioid receptor (DOR) in electroacupuncture (EA) protecting the brain against acute ischemic injury.', 'Fifty-one rats were randomly divided into sham ischemia group, ischemia group, sham EA group, EA group, and EA+DOR antagonist (naltrindole) group. Transient focal cerebral ischemia (1 hour) was induced in rat brain by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method. EA was applied on Shuigou (GV 26) and Neiguan (PC 6) for 30 min, starting immediately after the onset of reperfusion. Neurological deficit scores and volume of cerebral infarction were detected after 24-hour reperfusion. Other 12 rats were randomly divided into sham ischemia group, ischemia group, EA group and EA + naltrindole group. DOR protein expressions were assessed by Western blotting after 24-hour reperfusion.', 'In comparison with the ischemia group and sham EA group, EA significantly reduced ischemic infarction and neurological deficits (P<0.05); EA significantly increased the expression of 60 kD DOR protein (P<0.05) and tended to increase that of 36 kD DOR protein (P>0.05). When naltrindole was combined with EA, the naltrindole completely abolished the EA-induced protection in ischemic infarction and neurological deficits, and also arrested the expression of DOR.
Answer: EA can up-regulate DOR expression and protect the brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
answer:
Does [ Electroacupuncture protect the brain against acute ischemic injury via up-regulation of delta-opioid receptor in rats ]?


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Context: To examine whether the noninvasive technique of blood oxygenation level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) can detect changes in renal medullary oxygenation following administration of a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction and is characterized by a lack of response to endothelial-dependent vasoactive substances, including nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. We hypothesized that the magnitude of the change would be reduced in the kidneys of hypertensive subjects relative to normal controls.', 'To test this hypothesis, data were obtained in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, n = 6). Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 7) were used as normotensive controls.', 'As expected, WKY rats showed a significant response to L-NAME (R(2)* increasing from 23.6+/-1.5 Hz to 32.5+/-2.2 Hz, P < 0.05), while SHR exhibited a minimal change in medullary oxygenation (R(2)* measuring 31.9+/-2.8 Hz pre- and 35.5+/-2.2 Hz post-L-NAME). The baseline R(2)* in SHR is found to be comparable to post-L-NAME values in WKY rats, suggesting a basal deficiency of nitric oxide in SHR.
Answer: Based on the differential effect of NO synthase inhibition on medullary oxygenation, BOLD MRI can distinguish hypertensive from normal kidney. Our results are consistent with previously reported observations using invasive methods.
answer:

Do kidneys in hypertensive rats show reduced response to nitric oxide synthase inhibition as evaluated by BOLD MRI?