TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : The Geographical Journal is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers). It publishes papers covering research on all aspects of geography. It also publishes shorter Commentary papers and Review Essays. Since 2001, "The Geographical Journal" has been published in collaboration with Wiley-Blackwell. The journal was established in 1831 as the "Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London". Prior to 2000, "The Geographical Journal" published society news alongside articles and it continues to publish the proceedings of the society's annual general meeting and presidential address in the September issue. Context_2 : Amyloid: the Journal of Protein Folding Disorders is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original research and review articles on all aspects of the protein groups and associated disorders that are classified as amyloidoses as well as other disorders associated with abnormal protein folding. The Journal has a major focus on etiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, chemical structure and the nature of fibrillogenesis and also publishes papers on the genetic aspects (both basic and clinical) of many of these disorders. It is the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis. The Journal was established in 1994 as "AMYLOID: The International Journal of Experimental & Clinical Investigation" until the change of name in 2004. Impact factor in 2012 was 4.436. Dr. Alan Cohen was the Founding Editor and from 1994 until 2010 the first Editor-in-Chief of Amyloid: The Journal of Protein Folding Disorders. The present editor in chief is Per Westermark (Uppsala University, Sweden). Context_3 : Life Sciences in Space Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering astrobiology, origins of life, life in extreme environments, habitability, effects of spaceflight on the human body, radiation risks, and other aspects of life sciences relevant in space research. It was established in 2014 and is published by Elsevier. It is an official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), publishing papers in the areas that were previously covered by the Life Sciences section of "Advances in Space Research", another official journal of COSPAR. The Editor-in-chief is Tom Hei (Columbia University Medical Center). Context_4 : Cladistics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research in cladistics. It is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Willi Hennig Society. "Cladistics" publishes papers relevant to evolution, systematics, and integrative biology. Papers of both a conceptual or philosophical nature, discussions of methodology, empirical studies on taxonomic groups from animals to bacteria, and applications of systematics in disciplines such as genomics and paleontology are accepted. Five types of paper appear in the journal: reviews, regular papers, forum papers, letters to the editor, and book reviews. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2014impact factor of 6.217, ranking it 6th out of 46 journals in the category "Evolutionary Biology". Its editor-in-chief is Dennis Wm. Stevenson. Context_5 : Journal of Biological Rhythms is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers focused on chronobiology, or any aspect of biological rhythms with a special emphasis on seasonal and circadian rhythms. However, papers on various other rhythms are also published in the "Journal of Biological Rhythms". These publications can be primary reports of new discoveries, reviews, commentaries, or letters. As such, the authors of the publications have a diverse set of backgrounds and base their findings in areas like ecology, neurobiology and behavior, psychology and psychiatry, endocrinology, developmental biology, pharmacology, cell biology, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, and mathematical modeling. The "Journal of Biological Rhythms" has been in publication since 1986 and is currently published by SAGE Publications. The "Journal of Biological Rhythms" is the official publication of the Society for Research on Biological Rhythms. The journal's Chief Editor is William J Schwartz. Context_6 : EMBO Reports is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research related to biology at a molecular level. It publishes primary research papers, reviews, and essays and opinion. It also features commentaries on the social impact of advances in the life sciences and the converse influence of society on science. A sister journal to "The EMBO Journal", "EMBO Reports" was established in 2000 and was published on behalf of the European Molecular Biology Organization by Nature Publishing Group since 2003. It is now published by "EMBO Press", which also publishes "The EMBO Journal" and "Molecular Systems Biology". Context_7 : The Association for Politics and the Life Sciences (APLS) was formed in 1981 and exists to study the field of biopolitics as a subfield of political science. APLS owns and publishes an academic peer-reviewed journal, called "Politics and the Life Sciences" (PLS), semi-annually in March and September. The journal is edited at Indiana University at Bloomington. Context_8 : Ali Khademhosseini (born October 30, 1975, Tehran, Iran) is the Director of the Biomaterials Innovation Research Center (BIRC), Professor at Harvard Medical School (HMS), is a faculty member at the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH),  and is an associate faculty at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering. Dr. Khademhosseini is also an Associate Editor for ACS Nano. Previously, he served as the Research Highlights editor for Lab on a Chip.  He is on the editorial boards of numerous journals including Small, RSC Advances, Advanced Healthcare Materials, Biomaterials Science, Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Biomacromolecules, Reviews on Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Materials, Journal of Biomaterials Science-Polymer Edition and Biofabrication. He is a standing member of the NIH BTSS (Bioengineering, Technology and Surgical Sciences) study section. He has edited multiple books / journal special issues and is an author on >500 peer-reviewed journal articles, editorials and review papers, >60 book chapters/edited books and >20 patent/disclosure applications. His work has been published in leading journals and is routinely highlighted in international media.  He has been cited >32,000 times and has an H-index of 95. Also, he has given over >250 invited seminars and keynote lectures. In 2014, 2015, and 2016 he was also selected by Thomson Reuters as one of the World’s Most Influential Minds. Context_9 : Advances in Space Research (ASR) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published 27 times per year by Elsevier. It was established in 1981 and is the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). The editor-in-chief is Pascal Willis. Context_10 : The Journal of Mammalogy is the flagship publication of the American Society of Mammalogists. Both the society and the journal were founded in 1919. The peer-reviewed journal publishes papers about mammals throughout the world and their conservation. Papers may be on all aspects of the biology of mammals, including ecology, genetics, conservation, behavior, systematics, morphology and physiology. fact_1 :  It is an official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), publishing papers in the areas that were previously covered by the Life Sciences section of "Advances in Space Research", another official journal of COSPAR. fact_2 : Advances in Space Research (ASR) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published 27 times per year by Elsevier. Question: Life Sciences in Space Research publishes papers that were previously covered in what Elsevier-published peer-reviewed journal?

SOLUTION: Advances in Space Research

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Pilot Mill, Bury is a four-storey cotton spinning mill in Bury, Greater Manchester. It was built in 1905. It was taken over by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in the 1930s and passed to Courtaulds in 1964. Production finished, it survived and as of 2010 it was in use by Antler Luggage. The Mill is currently occupied by Baum Trading Ltd and Metzuyan Ltd (an online fashion clothing and accessories company)they have opened a retail outlet with an on site cafe. www.pilotmill.co.uk Context_2 : HTnaturals is a Canadian clothing and accessories company based in Vancouver, BC. The company focuses mainly on wholesale sales to third party retailers but also operates a factory outlet in Vancouver and an online store. Founded in 1998, HTnaturals has grown from a fledgling home-based business to a thriving leader in the natural and organic clothing industry. Context_3 : Duchamp is a British men's clothing and accessories company founded in 1989. Context_4 : Under Armour is an American sports clothing and accessories company. The company is a supplier of sportswear and casual apparel. Under Armour began offering footwear in 2006. Under Armour's global headquarters is located in Baltimore, Maryland with additional North American corporate office locations in Austin and Houston, Texas; Denver, Colorado; New York, New York; San Francisco, California; Portland, Oregon; Nashville, Tennessee; and Toronto, Ontario. Under Armour's International Headquarters is located in Panama City, Panama, with Latin America offices in São Paulo, Brazil; Santiago, Chile; and Mexico City, Mexico. Its European headquarters is in Amsterdam's Olympic Stadium with an additional office in Munich, Germany. The Under Armour Shanghai office is the regional headquarters for Greater China. Additional Asia Pacific offices are in Guangzhou, China; Hong Kong; Jakarta, Indonesia; Tokyo, Japan; and Sydney, Australia. Context_5 : Descente Ltd. (株式会社デサント , Kabushiki-gaisha Desanto ) is a Japanese sports clothing and accessories company, first formed back in 1935, when Takeo Ishimoto started the company in Osaka as Ishimoto Shoten. The company logo, over 50 years old, depicts 3 basic skiing techniques - traverse, schuss and side-slip. Descente owns a portfolio of 16 in-house, purchased and licensed brands, among them Descente, Shiseist, Arena, Marmot and Srixon. Context_6 : Primark ( , known as Penneys in the Republic of Ireland) is an Irish clothing and accessories company which is a subsidiary of AB Foods, and is headquartered in Dublin. The company's first store was founded by Arthur Ryan on behalf of the Weston family in June 1969 on 47 Mary Street, Dublin, the store still remains operative to this day. Context_7 : The South Butt, LLC was a clothing and accessories company. The South Butt was founded in May 2007 by Jimmy Winkelmann Sr. and Jr., the latter being a 16-year-old student at Chaminade College Preparatory School. The South Butt dissolved in June 2011. Context_8 : Middlemores Saddles was a horse saddles and accessories company based in Birmingham, England, with origins dating to the early nineteenth century. After several name changes they ended their time as a bicycle saddle and accessories company in Coventry in the late twentieth century. Context_9 : Retail Ventures was a holding company originally created in 2003 for DSW (NYSE: DSW), Filene's Basement, and Value City Department Stores. The retailer's Initial Public Offering was in 1991 under the Value City name. Value City went on to purchase the DSW shoe business in 1998 and Filene's Basement in 2000. Context_10 : American Eagle Outfitters, Inc. is an American clothing and accessories retailer, headquartered in the Southside Works Neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1977 by brothers Jerry and Mark Silverman as a subsidiary of Retail Ventures, Inc., a company which also owned and operated Silverman's Menswear. The Silvermans sold their ownership interests in 1991 to Jacob Price of Knoxville, Tennessee. American Eagle Outfitters is also the parent company of Aerie. fact_1 :  It was founded in 1977 by brothers Jerry and Mark Silverman as a subsidiary of Retail Ventures, Inc., a company which also owned and operated Silverman's Menswear. fact_2 :  The retailer's Initial Public Offering was in 1991 under the Value City name. Question: Brothers Jerry and Mark silverman started their clothing and accessories company as a subsidiary of a company that was originally created when?

SOLUTION: The retailers Initial Public Offering was in 1991 under the Value City name.

PROBLEM: Context_1 : The 1918 United States Senate election in Montana took place on November 5, 1918. Incumbent United States Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who was first elected to the Senate in 1912, ran for re-election. He won the Democratic primary uncontested, and was opposed in the general election by Oscar M. Lanstrum, a former State Representative and the Republican nominee, and Jeannette Rankin, the United States Congresswoman from Montana's at-large congressional district and the National Party nominee. Ultimately, Walsh narrowly won his second term in the Senate. Context_2 : The 2002 United States Senate election in Alaska was held on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Republican United States Senator Ted Stevens ran for and won a sixth term in the United States Senate. He faced perennial candidate Frank Vondersaar, the Democratic nominee, journalist Jim Sykes, the Green Party nominee, and several other independent candidates in his bid for re-election. Ultimately, Stevens crushed his opponents to win what would be his last term in the Senate, allowing him to win with the largest margin of victory for any Senate election in Alaska, as well as the highest percentage of the vote in any of his elections. Context_3 : The 1845 United States Senate special election in New York was held on January 18, 1845 by the New York State Legislature to elect two U.S. Senators (Class 1 and Class 3) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate. The regular 1845 United States Senate election in New York was held on February 4, 1845, to elect a U.S. Senator (Class 1) to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate. Context_4 : The 2010 United States Senate election in Indiana took place on November 2, 2010, alongside 33 other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections to fill Indiana's class III United States Senate seat. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Evan Bayh decided in February 2010 to retire instead of seeking a third term shortly after former U.S. Senator Dan Coats announced his candidacy for Bayh's contested seat. No Democratic candidate submitted enough signatures by the deadline to run, leading Democratic officials to choose U.S. Congressman Brad Ellsworth to be the nominee. The Libertarian Party nominated YMCA instructor Rebecca Sink-Burris, who had previously run against Evan Bayh in the United States Senate election in Indiana, 1998 but with less success than in this election. Republican nominee and former U.S. Senator Dan Coats won the open seat. Context_5 : The 2016 United States Senate election in Ohio was held on November 8, 2016, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Ohio, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. The close of registration for electors in the primary election was December 16, 2015, and the primary election took place on March 15, 2016. Context_6 : Thomas James Walsh (June 12, 1859March 2, 1933) was an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician from Helena, Montana who represented Montana in the United States Senate from 1913 to 1933. He had a national reputation as a liberal and was President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt's choice as Attorney General when he died. Context_7 : The 2018 United States Senate election in Montana will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Montana, concurrently with other elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Context_8 : The 2014 United States Senate election in Montana took place on November 4, 2014, to elect a member of the United States Senate from Montana, concurrently with other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Context_9 : The 1928 United States Senate election in Montana took place on November 6, 1928. Incumbent United States Senator Burton K. Wheeler, who was first elected to the Senate in 1922, ran for re-election. After successfully defeating several challengers in the Democratic primary, Wheeler advanced to the general election, where he faced Republican nominee Joseph M. Dixon, the former Governor of Montana who had previously served in the United States Senate from 1907 to 1913. Though the election was closer than Wheeler's first election, he still managed to defeat Dixon to win his second term in the Senate. Context_10 : The 1930 United States Senate election in Montana took place on November 4, 1930. Incumbent United States Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who was first elected to the Senate in 1912, and re-elected in 1918 and 1924, ran for re-election. He won the Democratic primary unopposed, and faced Montana Supreme Court Associate Justice Albert J. Galen, the Republican nominee, and several independent opponents in the general election. Ultimately, Walsh defeated his opponents in a landslide and won his fourth and final term in the Senate. fact_1 :  Ultimately, Walsh narrowly won his second term in the Senate. fact_2 : Thomas James Walsh (June 12, 1859March 2, 1933) was an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician from Helena, Montana who represented Montana in the United States Senate from 1913 to 1933. Question: What city was the winner of the 1918 United States Senate election in Montana born?

SOLUTION:
Helena, Montana