Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Context: DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides is modified in tumorigenesis with potential impact on transcriptional activity.', 'We used the Illumina 450 K platform to evaluate DNA methylation patterns of 50 metastatic melanoma tumors, with matched gene expression data.', 'We identified three different methylation groups and validated the groups in independent data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. One group displayed hypermethylation of a developmental promoter set, genome-wide demethylation, increased proliferation and activity of the SWI/SNF complex. A second group had a methylation pattern resembling stromal and leukocyte cells, over-expressed an immune signature and had improved survival rates in metastatic tumors (p < 0.05). A third group had intermediate methylation levels and expressed both proliferative and immune signatures. The methylation groups corresponded to some degree with previously identified gene expression phenotypes.
Answer: Melanoma consists of divergent methylation groups that are distinguished by promoter methylation, proliferation and content of immunological cells.

Ex Output:
Are dNA methylation subgroups in melanoma associated with proliferative and immunological processes?


Ex Input:
Context: In atherogenesis, dendritic cells, beside presenting antigens, may be sources of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and nitric oxide (NO), together with mast cells and smooth muscle cells.', 'We have looked at the expression of TNFalpha and inducible NO synthase (iNOs) by these cells by affinity cytochemistry in autoptical specimens from normal carotid arteries and not ruptured, hemorrhagic or calcified atheromata.', 'Round to dendritic, major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (MHC-II+) cells and avidin-labeled mast cells were rare in normal arteries and significantly more numerous in atheromata. Many MHC-II+ cells expressed S-100 antigen; while a few were positive for phalloidin; appreciable fractions of these cells were immunoreactive for TNFalpha and iNOs, both in control specimens and atheromata. The fraction of mast cells labeled for iNOs was significantly lower in atheromata than in controls. Phalloidin positive cells were the most abundant cell type in the normal intima and atheromata; the fractions of these cells labeled for TNFalpha and iNOs were significantly higher in atheromata than in controls. Very few of these cells were also labeled for MHC-II. Computerized image analysis confirmed that the amounts of iNOs and TNFalpha were higher in atheromata than in controls. The increase in TNFalpha in atheromata was also confirmed by western blot.
Answer: Dendritic cells and mast cells can participate to the generation of TNFalpha and NO in the normal arterial wall and in atheromata, but myointimal cells are candidates as major sources of these molecules.

Ex Output:
Are smooth muscle cells , dendritic cells and mast cells sources of TNFalpha and nitric oxide in human carotid artery atherosclerosis?


Ex Input:
Context: Not all patients with warfarin-related acute intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) achieve full reversal of international normalized ratio (INR) after the first dose of weight-based prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). We sought to identify factors associated with anticoagulation reversal failure after the first dose of PCC.', 'Consecutive patients who were hospitalized with warfarin-related acute ICH at a tertiary center between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2012 were studied. Anticoagulation reversal failure was defined as INR ≥ 1.5 after the first dose of PCC. Logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of anticoagulation reversal failure.', 'Fifty-one patients with acute ICH received PCC for warfarin reversal using a weight-based protocol. Overall, 23 (45%) patients did not achieve full reversal of INR after the first dose. Those with anticoagulation reversal failure were obese (body mass index > 30 kg/m(2)) (41% vs. 14%, p = 0.03), had a higher initial INR (3.0 ± 1.4 vs. 2.0 ± 0.7, p = 0.001), and had a higher prevalence of initial INR >2.0 (22% vs. 67%, p = 0.001), compared with those who were successfully reversed. Multivariable logistic regression identified obesity (odds ratio 7.88, 95% CI 1.12 to 55.68) and initial INR >2.0 (odds ratio 12.49, 95% CI 2.27 to 68.87) as independent predictors of anticoagulation reversal failure.
Answer: Obesity and elevated initial INR are independently associated with anticoagulation reversal failure using the weight-based PCC protocol in patients with warfarin-related acute ICH. Further studies are needed to determine more effective dosing protocols and individualized strategies for anticoagulation reversal after acute ICH, especially among obese patients.

Ex Output:

Does obesity increase risk of anticoagulation reversal failure with prothrombin complex concentrate in those with intracranial hemorrhage?