Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: To evaluate manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) and active exercise effects on lymphatic alterations of the upper limb (UL), range of motion (ROM) of shoulder, and scar complications after breast cancer surgery.', 'Clinical trial.', 'Health care center.', 'Women (N=105) undergoing radical breast cancer surgery who were matched for staging, age, and body mass index.', 'Women (n=52) were submitted to MLD and 53 to active exercises for UL for 1 month and followed up.', 'Shoulder ROM, surgical wound inspection and palpation, UL circumference measurements, and lymphoscintigraphy were performed in preoperative and postoperative periods.', 'There was no significant difference between groups with regard to wound healing complications, ROM, and UL circumferences. After surgery, 25 (48.1%) of the MLD group and 19 (35.8%) of the active exercise group showed worsening in radiopharmaceutical uptake velocity, whereas 9 (17.3%) of the MLD group and 11 (20.8%) of the active exercise group showed improved velocity (P=.445). With regard to uptake intensity, 27 (51.9%) of the MLD group and 21 (39.6%) of the active exercise group showed worsening whereas 7 (13.5%) of the MLD group and 7 (13.2%) of the active exercise group showed some improvement (P=.391). The presence of collateral circulation was similar in both groups at both time points evaluated. The active exercise group had a significant increase in postoperative liver absorption (P=.005), and the MLD group had a significant increase in postoperative dermal backflow (P=.024).

Output: 1


Input: Consider Input: We previously reported a negative association of circulating plasmalogens (phospholipids with proposed atheroprotective properties) with coronary artery disease. Plasmalogen modulation was previously demonstrated in animals but its effect on atherosclerosis was unknown. We assessed the effect of plasmalogen enrichment on atherosclerosis of murine models with differing levels of oxidative stress.', 'Six-week old ApoE- and ApoE/glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1)-deficient mice were fed a high-fat diet with/without 2% batyl alcohol (precursor to plasmalogen synthesis) for 12 weeks. Mass spectrometry analysis of lipids showed that batyl alcohol supplementation to ApoE- and ApoE/GPx1-deficient mice increased the total plasmalogen levels in both plasma and heart. Oxidation of plasmalogen in the treated mice was evident from increased level of plasmalogen oxidative by-product, sn-2 lysophospholipids. Atherosclerotic plaque in the aorta was reduced by 70% (P\xa0=\xa05.69E-07) and 69% (P\xa0=\xa02.00E-04) in treated ApoE- and ApoE/GPx1-deficient mice, respectively. A 40% reduction in plaque (P\xa0=\xa07.74E-03) was also seen in the aortic sinus of only the treated ApoE/GPx1-deficient mice. Only the treated ApoE/GPx1-deficient mice showed a decrease in VCAM-1 staining (-28%, P\xa0=\xa02.43E-02) in the aortic sinus and nitrotyrosine staining (-78%, P\xa0=\xa05.11E-06) in the aorta.

Output: 1


Input: Consider Input: To examine the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in relation to gestational weeks during pregnancy among Chinese women.', 'From a randomized control trial of prenatal supplementation with folic acid, iron-folic acid, and multiple micronutrients in China, we examined 834 pregnant women with CRP measured initially between 5 and 20 weeks and at follow-up between 28 and 32 weeks gestation. We calculated and plotted CRP geometric means by gestational weeks. The same analysis was repeated for women who had normal pregnancies (624 women) by excluding women with stillbirth, preterm, small for gestational age, body mass index <18.5 kg/m(2) or >30 kg/m(2) at enrollment, and hypertension or anemia during pregnancy.', 'We observed a significant positive trend between log-transformed CRP and gestational age from 5 to 20 weeks and from 28 to 32 weeks both in the full sample and in the subset of women who had normal pregnancies. CRP geometric mean was 0.81 mg/l at 5-7 weeks of gestation, 2.85 mg/l at 19-20 weeks of gestation, and 3.89 mg/l at 32 weeks of gestation. A similar increasing trend in the CRP median or percentage of elevated CRP were also observed.


Output: 1