In this task your given two statements. You must judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label the instances as "cause" or "effect" based on your judgment. The sentences are separated by a newline character.

Q: The court upheld the controversial ruling.
A riot broke loose in front of the courthouse.

A: effect
****
Q: The putrid odor filled the room.
I clamped my hand over my nose.

A: effect
****
Q: A cold draft came in through the window.
I shivered.

A:
effect
****