Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: In Europe, extracts of Equisetum arvense (common horsetail) have a long tradition in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. To understand the molecular basis for its use, we investigated the immunomodulatory capacity of a standardized commercially available common horsetail extract on human primary lymphocyte function in vitro.', 'The standardized extract of Equisetum arvense was phytochemically characterized. Effects on proliferation, viability and activity of mitogen-activated human lymphocytes were assessed in comparison to cyclosporine A using annexin V/propidium iodide staining assays and flow cytometry-based surface receptor characterization, respectively. Intracellular levels of effector molecules (IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were analyzed with cytokine assays.', 'T cell proliferation was inhibited dose dependently by the Equisetum extract without induction of apoptosis or necrosis. This effect was mediated through inhibition of lymphocyte activation, specifically by diminishing CD69 and IL-2 surface receptor expression and intracellular IL-2 production. Furthermore, treatment with Equisetum arvense inhibited effector functions, as indicated by reduced production of IFN-γ and TNF-α.
[A]: Does equisetum arvense ( common horsetail ) modulate the function of inflammatory immunocompetent cells?


[Q]: Endoscopic snare papillectomy (ESP) is a viable alternative to surgical treatment of ampullary adenomas and T1N0 stage ampullary carcinomas. The main drawback of this technique is the high risk of acute pancreatitis post procedure.The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and long-term results of this procedure, and to determine whether routine pancreatic intubation facilitated by intraductal methylene blue (MB) injection reduces the risk for pancreatitis.', 'Between 2004 and 2011, 56 consecutive patients underwent ESP. Before resection, the pancreatic duct was cannulated, and MB was injected intraductally to facilitate stent placement after ampullectomy.', 'ESP was performed en bloc in 45 patients with histological findings of low-grade dysplasia (39%), high-grade dysplasia (25%), carcinoma (32.5%), and others (3.5%). The morbidity rate was 19.5%: acute pancreatitis (n=6), bleeding (n=4), perforation (n=1), and sepsis (n=1). Pancreatic intubation was performed in 89% of the patients. Postprocedure pancreatitis occurred significantly less in the patients with a pancreatic stent than in those without: 3/49 versus 3/6, P=0.013. ESP was considered as curative in 39 patients (75%). Of the 12 recurrences (25%), 10 were managed endoscopically, but with higher morbidity (acute pancreatitis=40%).
[A]: Does pancreatic intubation facilitated by methylene blue injection decrease the risk for postpapillectomy acute pancreatitis?


[Q]: Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. To date, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) remains the only safe and effective pharmaceutical treatment for brain ischemia, but delayed rt-PA administration leads to hyperperfusion, which severely limits its clinical efficacy.', 'In this study, we investigated the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in extending the therapeutic window of rt-PA using a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model.', 'Simultaneous treatment of EGCG and rt-PA significantly recovered the neurobehavioral deficit, when administered even 4\u2009hours after MCAO. Pathological examinations on the ischemic brain samples revealed that EGCG significantly alleviated the common side effects of delayed rt-PA treatment, including brain infarction, cerebral edema, and blood-brain barrier disruption. We further found that EGCG exerted its protective functions against delayed rt-PA through upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, as well as downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases.
[A]:
Does epigallocatechin Gallate extend the Therapeutic Window of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment in Ischemic Rats?