In this task, you are given a set of context paragraphs, some supporting facts and an answer of a question. Your task is to generate question for given answer based on set of context paragraphs, supporting facts and an answer.

[Q]: Context_1 : The Bureau des Longitudes (] ) is a French scientific institution, founded by decree of 25 June 1795 and charged with the improvement of nautical navigation, standardisation of time-keeping, geodesy and astronomical observation. During the 19th century, it was responsible for synchronizing clocks across the world. It was headed during this time by François Arago and Henri Poincaré. The Bureau now functions as an academy and still meets monthly to discuss topics related to astronomy. Context_2 : Massachusetts was the first colony in New England with slave ownership and was a center for the slave trade throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. No legislation was passed that abolished slavery until the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 was ratified by the state. Instead, the practice of slavery was ended through case law; and as an institution it died out in the late 18th century through judicial actions litigated on behalf of slaves seeking manumission. These court cases, starting in 1781, heard arguments contending that slavery was a violation of Christian principles and also a violation of the constitution of the commonwealth. 1783 saw additional high-profile court cases that began a general trend of slaves winning their emancipation on a case-by-case basis through lawsuit. As slavery dwindled in the last decade of the 18th century in Massachusetts, many of the instances where it remained, the slaveholders sometimes applied semantics of a name change to indentured servitude to maintain their property. The 1790 federal census, however, listed no slaves. Massachusetts was a center for the abolition movement in the 19th century. Context_3 : The Andover Public Library is located on Church Street in Andover, Maine, United States. Although a private library funded by subscription was founded in the town in 1795, it was not until the establishment of the Andover Public Library Association in 1891 that movement to a publicly-funded library began. It was originally quartered in a room of the Andover Town Hall, until 1943, when its present building was purchased from a Universalist church organization. The building is one of only two octagonal religious buildings known to have been built anywhere in Maine, and was probably the last building in the state built with inspiration from Orson Squire Fowler's promotion of octagonal buildings in the 19th century. On January 27, 1981, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Context_4 : Spidertown was a small, agricultural supply and services based community in southwestern Ontario, Canada that existed in the last half of the 19th and the early 20th century. The site of the former hamlet is located at the present intersection of Mount Carmel Drive, Blackbush Line and Salem Road, on the boundary between the current municipality of North Middlesex and the municipality of South Huron. Little is currently known of Spidertown's founding, nor the origin of its name. The hamlet is described in one source as consisting, at one point in time, of "taverns on both corners" and "four homes". It is known, that in the latter 19th century a general store was operated in the community by Alexander Todd, presumably the same individual who operated two other general stores during the period at Maguire and Moray as well. A medical doctor, T. L. Flaherty, maintained a practice in a corner house in the hamlet in the latter 19th century, but is known to have moved his office to Mount Carmel, 2 km to the east, before 1898. It is believed that Spidertown began to go into decline because of its inability to compete economically with the nearby hamlet of Mount Carmel. Spidertown is recorded as having disappeared by 1914. Context_5 : The Luxembourg Commission was a labor commission in the 19th century. It was introduced by the Provisional Government of France which formed on 25 February 1848, following the abdication of Louis-Philippe. The establishment of the Luxembourg Commission, an assembly of workers' delegates headed by Louis Blanc, was charged with the task of surveying social problems and suggesting solutions; an elegant gesture from the Provisional government. It was discontinued later the same year. Context_6 : The historical records for the Shroud of Turin can be separated into two time periods: before 1390 and from 1390 to the present. The period until 1390 is subject to debate and controversy among historians. Prior to the 14th century there are some allegedly congruent but controversial references such as the Pray Codex. It is often mentioned that the first certain historical record dates from 1353 or 1357. However the presence of the Turin Shroud in Lirey, France, is only undoubtedly attested in 1390 when Bishop Pierre d'Arcis wrote a memorandum where he charged that the Shroud was a forgery. The history from the 15th century to the present is well documented. In 1453 Margaret de Charny deeded the Shroud to the House of Savoy. As of the 17th century the shroud has been displayed (e.g. in the chapel built for that purpose by Guarino Guarini) and in the 19th century it was first photographed during a public exhibition. Context_7 : The Divan-ı Hümâyûn, in English the Imperial Council, was the "de facto" cabinet of the Ottoman Empire for most of its history. Initially an informal gathering of the senior ministers presided over by the Sultan in person, in the mid-15th century the Council's composition and function became firmly regulated. The Grand Vizier, who became the Sultan's deputy as the head of government, assumed the role of chairing the Council, which comprised also the other viziers, charged with military and political affairs, the two "kadi'askers" or military judges, the "defterdars" in charge of finances, the "nişancı" in charge of the palace scribal service, and later the Kapudan Pasha, the head of the Ottoman Navy, and occasionally the "beylerbey" of Rumelia and the Agha of the Janissaries. The Council met in a dedicated building in the Second Courtyard of the Topkapi Palace, initially daily, then for four days a week by the 16th century. Its remit encompassed all matters of governance of the Empire, although the exact proceedings are no longer known. It was assisted by an extensive secretarial bureaucracy under the "reis ül-küttab" for the drafting of appropriate documents and the keeping of records. The Imperial Council remained the main executive organ of the Ottoman state until the mid-17th century, after which it lost most of its power to the office of the Grand Vizier. With the Tanzimat reforms of the early 19th century, it was eventually succeeded by a Western-style cabinet government. Context_8 : The Oxford Main Street Historic District is a national historic district encompassing the historic center of Oxford, Massachusetts. The 95 acre district extends along Main Street from Huguenot Street in the south to Front Street in the north. Its oldest buildings are residential houses built in the late 19th century, while most of the properties were built in the 19th century, with Greek Revival architecture predominating. The oldest commercial building, the John Wetherell Store, was built c. 1817, and now houses offices. The district includes four churches, including the 1793 Universalist church and 1829 First Congregational Church, and a number of municipal buildings, including the town hall, two schools, and the 1903 Classical Revival Charles Larned Memorial Library. Context_9 : Jules Henri Poincaré (] ; 29 April 1854 – 17 July 1912) was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosopher of science. He is often described as a polymath, and in mathematics as "The Last Universalist" by Eric Temple Bell, since he excelled in all fields of the discipline as it existed during his lifetime. Context_10 : The history of Tufts University, originally Tufts College, can be traced back to 1847 when the Universalist Church set up convention for the creation of a university for the parish. In 1852, the college was established when Boston businessman Charles Tufts donated 20 acres of land to the church to establish the college. It is the second oldest college that was founded in the Boston area. . During the 19th century the college grew. The official college seal, bearing the motto Pax et Lux (Peace and Light) was adopted in 1857. The school colors of brown and blue were selected in 1876. Tufts' mascot became Jumbo when P.T. Barnum gave a natural history museum to the university. fact_1 : The Bureau des Longitudes (] ) is a French scientific institution, founded by decree of 25 June 1795 and charged with the improvement of nautical navigation, standardisation of time-keeping, geodesy and astronomical observation. fact_2 :  During the 19th century, it was responsible for synchronizing clocks across the world. fact_3 :  He is often described as a polymath, and in mathematics as "The Last Universalist" by Eric Temple Bell, since he excelled in all fields of the discipline as it existed during his lifetime. Answer: the improvement of nautical navigation
[A]: What was the institution headed by The Last Universalist during the 19th century charged with?


[Q]: Context_1 : "The Killers" is a short-story by Charles Bukowski collected in his 1973 collection "South of No North", originally published by John Martin's Black Sparrow Press. The story elucidates Bukowski's publicly acknowledged artistic debt to Ernest Hemingway, the writer who had the most influence on American writers of Bukowksi's generation. Like "The Killers", Bukowski's story of the same name has as its thematic trope Murder in a nihilistic universe. Unlike Hemingway, the killers actually accomplish their act in the time-frame of the story. Context_2 : Ham on Rye is a 1982 semi-autobiographical novel by American author and poet Charles Bukowski. Written in the first person, the novel follows Henry Chinaski, Bukowski’s thinly veiled alter ego, during his early years. Written in Bukowski’s characteristically straightforward prose, the novel tells of his coming-of-age in Los Angeles during the Great Depression. Context_3 : Henry Charles Bukowski (born Heinrich Karl Bukowski; August 16, 1920 – March 9, 1994) was a German-American poet, novelist, and short story writer. Context_4 : Barfly is a 1987 American comedy drama film directed by Barbet Schroeder and starring Mickey Rourke and Faye Dunaway. The film is a semi-autobiography of poet/author Charles Bukowski during the time he spent drinking heavily in Los Angeles, and it presents Bukowski's alter ego Henry Chinaski. The screenplay, written by Bukowski, was commissioned by the French film director Schroeder, and it was published (with illustrations by the author) in 1984, when film production was still pending. Context_5 : Russell Edson (1935 – April 29, 2014) was an American poet, novelist, writer and illustrator, and the son of the cartoonist-screenwriter Gus Edson. Context_6 : The Charles Bukowski Tapes are a collection of short interviews with the American writer/poet Charles Bukowski, filmed and assembled by Barbet Schroeder and first published in 1987 in the USA. Today, the video documentary is considered a cult classic. Context_7 : Bukowski is a 1973 documentary film produced by Taylor Hackford and directed by Richard Davies that follows Los Angeles poet Charles Bukowski to San Francisco for a poetry reading. The full 60-minute documentary begins with footage of Bukowski in his Los Angeles home and neighborhood as he discusses his history as a postal worker as well as his approach to and perspective on poetry. The film then shows him flying with Linda King to San Francisco for the poetry reading followed by interactions with attendees after the show. One night the window of his room is broken during a fight between some guests and then a fight between Charles and Linda causes her to leave. Interviews follow with Liza and Linda about their relationship with Charles. Bukowski is shown betting at the track and explaining his betting strategy. Context_8 : One Tough Mother is a box set of the unedited final two readings writer/poet Charles Bukowski ever gave, even through he lived and wrote for another 14 years. It includes interviews with the director of Bukowski documentary Born Into This, a short film of the 25th Anniversary of the Vancouver reading, and a short film of a celebration of Bukowski at the Huntington Library in California. It is produced by Dennis Del Torre and Jon Monday and directed by Jon Monday for mondayMEDIA distribution. Context_9 : Henry Charles "Hank" Chinaski is the literary alter ego of the American writer Charles Bukowski, appearing in five of Bukowski's novels, a number of his short stories and poems, and in the films "Barfly" and "Factotum". Although much of Chinaski's biography is based on Bukowski's own life story, the Chinaski character is still a literary creation that is constructed with the veneer of what the writer Adam Kirsch calls "a pulp fiction hero." Works of fiction that feature the character include "Confessions of a Man Insane Enough to Live With the Beasts" (1965), "Post Office" (1971), "South of No North" (1973), "Factotum" (1975), "Women" (1978), "Ham on Rye" (1982), "Hot Water Music" (1983), "Hollywood" (1989), and "Septuagenarian Stew" (1990). He is also mentioned briefly in the beginning of Bukowski's last novel, "Pulp". Context_10 : Bukowski is an upcoming American biographical film. It retells the childhood years of writer Charles Bukowski. The film was directed by James Franco and stars Josh Peck as Charles Bukowski, Tim Blake Nelson as his father, Henry, and Alex Kingston as his mother, Katharina. fact_1 : Henry Charles Bukowski (born Heinrich Karl Bukowski; August 16, 1920 – March 9, 1994) was a German-American poet, novelist, and short story writer. fact_2 : Russell Edson (1935 – April 29, 2014) was an American poet, novelist, writer and illustrator, and the son of the cartoonist-screenwriter Gus Edson. Answer: Charles Bukowski
[A]: Which poet was born first, Charles Bukowski or Russell Edson?


[Q]: Context_1 : Loretta Lynn (née Webb; born April 14, 1932) is an American country music singer-songwriter with multiple gold albums over a career of almost 60 years. She has received numerous awards and other accolades for her groundbreaking role in country music, including awards from both the Country Music Association and Academy of Country Music as a duet partner and an individual artist. She is the most awarded female country recording artist and the only female ACM Artist of the Decade (1970s). Context_2 : Tim Malchak (born June 25, 1957 in Binghamton, New York) is an American country music singer-songwriter. Malchak partnered with Dwight Rucker in 1982 to form the country music duo Malchak & Rucker. Together, they became the first black/white duo in country music history with a charting single when "Just Like That" debuted on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 1984. Context_3 : Tammy Wynette (born Virginia Wynette Pugh; May 5, 1942 – April 6, 1998) was an American country music singer-songwriter and one of country music's best-known artists and biggest-selling female singers. Context_4 : Bobby Lewis (born May 9, 1942 in Hodgenville, Kentucky) is an American country music singer-songwriter. Between 1963 and 1985, Lewis released ten albums and charted more than twenty-five songs on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles chart. His biggest hit, "How Long Has It Been," peaked at Number 6 in 1966. Lewis released a whopping 26 Country charted singles from 1966 to 1985, with 14 for United Artists, 5 for Ace Of Hearts, two with GRT, 3 for RPA and one each for Capricorn and HME. Lewis also released a total of 9 albums with United Artists. Context_5 : "Three Wooden Crosses" the title of a song written by Kim Williams and Doug Johnson, and recorded by American country music singer-songwriter Randy Travis. It was released in November 2002 from his album, "Rise and Shine". The song became Travis' 16th Number One single, his first since "Whisper My Name" in 1994. "Three Wooden Crosses" was named Song of the Year by the Country Music Association in 2003 and won a Dove Award from the Gospel Music Association as Country Song of the Year in 2004. Context_6 : "(I'm a) One-Woman Man" is a song co-written by American country music artist Johnny Horton and Tillman Franks. It was originally released as a single by Horton in 1956, whose version peaked at number 7 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles chart. The song was twice recorded by American country music artist George Jones: first released on the album "The Crown Prince of Country Music" retitled "One Woman Man" in 1960, and later as "I'm a One Woman Man" released in November 1988 as the first single from his album "One Woman Man". It peaked at number 5 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles chart in early 1989 and it would be his final Top 10 solo hit. His final appearance on the Top-10 country singles chart arrived a year later as part of a duet recording with Randy Travis. In spite of the lack of radio hits as the 1990s dawned Jones remained a popular concert draw for the next two decades and continued to release original recordings into the mid 2000s. Context_7 : "Please Don't Stop Loving Me" is a song written and recorded as a duet by American country music artists Porter Wagoner and Dolly Parton. It was released in July 1974 as the first single from the album "Porter 'n' Dolly". "Please Don't Stop Loving Me" was Porter Wagoner and Dolly Parton's sixteenth country hit and their only number one on the country chart as a duet act. Though Parton and Wagoner had each topped the charts as solo artists, and many of their duet singles had reached the country top-ten, "Please Don't Stop Loving Me" was their only chart-topper as a duet act. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of ten weeks on the country chart. Context_8 : Buddy Brown is a traditional American country music singer-songwriter who was discovered as a YouTube sensation. Brown was born on May 12, 1982 to Dan and Cheryl Brown in Madison, Mississippi, a suburb of Jackson. When Brown was nine years old, his family decided to relocate to Orlando, Florida for his father’s career. In 2005, he graduated from Mississippi State with a degree in Psychology. On October 13, 2009, he released a cover of Easton Corbin’s "A Little More Country Than That" that went viral. A year later, he opened up for country music legend, John Anderson in Wildwood, FL. On July 4, 2012, he released his first album titled Mason Jar. His fan base pushed his first full-length CD to No. 34 on the iTunes country chart without a record deal. March 11, 2014, he released a self-titled EP, Buddy Brown. On October 14, 2014, Buddy released his second EP, Keepin’ It Country. This EP reached to No. 12 on the iTunes charts. In January 2014, Billboard put Keepin’ It Country on their Heat Seekers Albums list. USA Today published a story on Brown, labeling him as a "YouTube Sensation." His single "Takin’ You Huntin’" landed him a spot on the front page and an online feature in the Clarion Ledger. Context_9 : Lane Brody (born September 24, 1955 in Oak Park, Illinois) is an American country music singer-songwriter, active since the early 1980s, best known for her 1984 Billboard-topping country hit "The Yellow Rose" (a duet with country music singer Johnny Lee), and for the Oscar-nominated song "Over You" from the 1983 film "Tender Mercies". She is the first female in country music to have an Oscar-nominated hit from a soundtrack album. Besides "The Yellow Rose", Brody has eleven other chart singles on the Billboard country charts. Context_10 : "The Battle" is a song by American country music artist George Jones. It was composed by Norro Wilson, George Richey, and Linda Kimball and became the title track of Jones' 1976 LP. The song uses war as a metaphor in describing an argument and eventual reconciliation between a couple, with the woman emerging victorious and the narrator exclaiming, "Oh, what a sweet surrender!" The song begins with the sound of drums mimicking the start of a battle march. Despite Billy Sherrill's ambitious production and Jones' committed vocal performance, the single did not crack the Top 10, stalling at #16 and continued the singer's commercial slide as a solo artist. Meanwhile, the single "Golden Ring," a duet with his estranged ex-wife Tammy Wynette, became a #1 hit that same year. fact_1 : "The Battle" is a song by American country music artist George Jones. fact_2 :  Meanwhile, the single "Golden Ring," a duet with his estranged ex-wife Tammy Wynette, became a #1 hit that same year. fact_3 : Tammy Wynette (born Virginia Wynette Pugh; May 5, 1942 – April 6, 1998) was an American country music singer-songwriter and one of country music's best-known artists and biggest-selling female singers. Answer: Tammy Wynette
[A]:
What American country music singersongwriter, born in May of 1942, sang a duet with her exhusband the same year that he released the song The Battle?