instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
Methotrexate (MTX) is the anchor drug in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MTX shows effects on disease activity and mortality. However, it is unclear whether the effect of MTX on mortality depends on its effect on disease activity.', 'In a post-hoc analysis we analysed the data of our cohort established in Ratingen, Germany, and included all patients starting treatment with MTX (n=271) between 1980 and 1987. One year after baseline (BL), response to MTX treatment was assessed using a modified ACR 20 response. Follow-up data of 250 patients were available after 10 and 18 years.', 'After 1 year, there were 66% responders and 20% non-responders; only 14% had discontinued MTX treatment due to side effects or lack of efficacy. Most patients continued MTX treatment irrespective of efficacy. Ten years after BL, 61% of the patients were still treated with MTX. After 18 years, the responder-group showed a standardised mortality ratio of 1.6 compared to 3.2 for the group of non-responders. However, when adjusting for age, gender, response to MTX treatment one year after BL, number of swollen joints and comorbidities after 10 years an independent association of continued MTX treatment with lower mortality was found for the period 10 to 18 years after BL (hazard ratio (HR): 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.43-0.92, p=0.015).
answer:
1


question:
Interfacility ground critical care transport (CCT) of patients by ambulance may be stressful. This study evaluated whether playing music during CCT reduces patient anxiety and whether objective evidence is manifested by a change in vital signs.', 'Urban teaching hospital.', 'In this prospective cohort study, music was played for eligible adult patients during CCT while recording vital signs. A questionnaire was subsequently mailed to patients to rate whether the ambulance transport was stressful, the impact music had on transport, whether music changed their anxiety, whether music made them comfortable and relaxed, and whether they would prefer music to be played on future transports. Vital signs were compared between respondents who perceived transport as stressful and those who did not.', 'One hundred two patients were enrolled; 23 respondents (22.5%) constituted the study group. Four patients (17.4%) reported CCT as stressful (average response, 4.75). Nineteen (82.6%) rated CCT as not stressful (average response, 1.63). Subjectively, patients reported a positive impact of music on transport, with improved comfort and relaxation but only a minimal decrease in anxiety. No statistically significant change in vital signs was observed between cohorts; too few patients were enrolled to generate power to detect any difference.
answer:
0


question:
Environmental and socio-demographic factors can influence the variation of the human sex ratio at birth (SRB = the ratio of males to males plus females). In particular, findings of seasonal, parental education, birth order, and maternal age effects on the SRB are not always in agreement, and a number of works report minimal variation.', 'Here, we investigated the seasonality of SRB in academic and non-academic mothers employed at the University of Vienna, and who gave birth between 1963 and 2000 (n = 1932 births).', 'All data were available from an anonymous employee database.', "Both groups, academic and non-academic mothers do not differ between their overall SRB. In academic mothers the SRB is significantly (P = 0.004) increased during the springtime and decreased during the summertime. Although in non-academic mothers the trend is comparable, it is far less pronounced and not significant (P = 0.345). When a multiple logistic model was applied to the data of academic mothers the only significant influencing factor on the SRB is the season, while birth order of children and mothers' age at childbirth has no effect. None of the three independent variables influence the SRB in non-academic mothers.", 'These findings suggest a more flexible SRB rate in academic mothers than in non-academics within the seasons.
answer:

1