Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

To investigate the effects of copper on permeability and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) of Caco-2 cell monolayers.', 'The differentiated Caco-2 cell model was used in this study. Permeability of cell monolayers was reflected by monitoring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER); distribution of tight junctional protein ZO-1 was measured by immunofluorescent staining; F actin was measured by fluorescence staining; and Activity of P-gp was reflected by changes of transcellular transport and accumulation of Rho-123 in Caco-2 cells.', "Apical treatment with copper (30 - 100 micromol/L, Hanks' buffered salt solution, up to 3 hours) induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in permeability reflected by progressive decrease of TEER of Caco-2 cell monolayers, accompanied by deorganization of F actin, but without significant effects on tight junctional protein ZO-1; at a dose without any adverse effects on viability and permeability of Caco-2 monolayers, copper treatment (300 micromol/L, complete medium, 24 hours) decreased Papp(BL-->AP) from 7.37 +/- 0.20 x 10(-6) cm/s (controls) to (6.43 +/- 0.27) x 10(-6) cm/s, the increased Papp(AP-->BL) from (1.23 +/- 0.05) x 10(-7) cm/s (controls) to (3.41 +/- 0.08) x 10(-7) cm/s, and enhanced the intracellular Rho-123 from (0.31 +/- 0.01) nmol/filter (controls) to (0.50 +/- 0.03) nmol/filter.
Does [ Copper treatment alter the barrier functions of human intestinal Caco-2 cells ]?

To investigate the prevalence and temporal development of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) autoantibodies in relation to neurocognitive performance in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE).', "This prospective observational study enrolled a total of 49 HSE patients within a randomized controlled trial of valacyclovir. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples were drawn in the initial stage of disease, after 2 to 3\xa0weeks and after 3\xa0months. Anti-NMDAR IgG was detected with HEK293\xa0cells transfected with plasmids encoding the NMDA NR1 type glutamate receptor. A batch of neurocognitive tests, including the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Reaction Level Scale (RLS85), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) stroke scale, was performed during 24\xa0months' follow-up.", "Anti-NMDAR IgG was detected in 12 of 49 participants. None were antibody positive in the initial stage of disease. In ten of 12 positive cases, specific antibodies were detectable only after 3\xa0months. Notably, the development of NMDAR autoantibodies was associated with significantly impaired recovery of neurocognitive performance. After 24\xa0months' follow-up, the median increase in MDRS total score was 1.5 vs. 10 points in antibody-positive and -negative participants (p=0.018).
Does n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor autoimmunity affect cognitive performance in herpes simplex encephalitis?

High concentrations of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are found in the heart. Even higher levels are measured during ischemia. Exogenous administration of FGF to ischemic myocardium promotes synthesis of collateral coronary circulation and induces local myocardial hypertrophy. The kinetics and the contribution of the heart and lungs to circulating basic FGF (bFGF) levels during cardiac surgery were characterized.', 'Plasma bFGF levels were measured in seven adults undergoing coronary artery bypass operations and 11 neonates undergoing congenital cardiac anomaly repair during cardiopulmonary bypass.', 'In both the adult and the neonatal groups, bFGF plasma levels increased significantly immediately after removal of the aortic cross-clamp (adult group 15.43+/-6.3 aorta cross-clamped versus 29+/-4.1 after release, P=0.011; neonatal group 17.09+/-9.43 aorta cross-clamped versus 43.55+/-14.25 after release, P=0.004) and declined thereafter. In the adult group, higher levels of bFGF were recorded in blood recovered from the coronary sinus than in the aortic root during aortic cross-clamping (63.14+/-14.42 versus 43.86+/-12.05, P=0.011), and in both, levels were significantly higher than the peripheral measurements.

Are increased levels of basic fibroblast growth factor found in the cross-clamped heart during cardiopulmonary bypass?