Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was shown to improve the immune function and survival in experimental sepsis. This study examined the effect of DHEA on intestinal leukocyte recruitment during experimental sepsis, considering factors of gender (male, female and ovariectomized female animals) and combined treatment using orthovanadate (OV) in two models of sepsis.', 'Male rats underwent colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP) or endotoxemia. DHEA was administered after induction of experimental sepsis. Changes in leukocyte adherence and capillary perfusion (measured as intestinal functional capillary density - FCD) were assessed using intravital microscopy. While DHEA increased baseline leukocyte adherence in control animals, DHEA reduced leukocyte adherence and increased FCD in male animals with CASP. These effects were also observed in DHEA-treated ovariectomized female rats with CASP. Similarly, the administration of DHEA reduced the number of adherent leukocytes to intestinal venules by 30% in the endotoxemia model. The combined treatment of DHEA and OV significantly reduced adherence of leukocytes to intestinal venules and improved FCD.

A: 0
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Q: Although trastuzumab improves the outcome of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor\xa02 (HER2)-overexpressing gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (collectively referred to as "gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma"; GEA), no clinical response is observed in a substantial population of patients. A predictive biomarker of trastuzumab response is required. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the hyperactivation of the downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, due to phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss or PIK3CA mutations, could provide trastuzumab resistance in GEA.', 'Expression of HER2 and PTEN, and PIK3CA gene mutations were screened in 264 surgically resected GEA specimens. The effects of PTEN knockdown on the response to trastuzumab on cell viability, HER2 downstream signaling, apoptosis, and cell cycle were evaluated in HER2-overexpressing NCI-N87 gastric adenocarcinoma and OE19 esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Inhibition of xenograft tumor growth by trastuzumab was investigated in OE19 cells with or without PTEN knockdown. The PTEN expression and objective response were analyzed in 23 GEA patients who received trastuzumab-based therapy.', 'PTEN loss was identified in 34.5\xa0% of HER2-overexpressing GEA patients, whereas PIK3CA mutations were rare (5.6\xa0%). Trastuzumab-mediated growth suppression, apoptosis, and G

A: 0
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Q: The adoption of standardized protocols and specialized multidisciplinary teams for esophagectomy involve changes in routines with the implantation of expensive clinical practices and deviations from ingrained treatment philosophies.', 'To evaluate the prevalence of standardized protocols and specialized multidisciplinary teams in São Paulo state, Brazil.', 'Institutions that routinely perform esophagectomies in São Paulo were contacted and questioned about the work team involved in the procedure and the presence of standardized routines in the preoperatory care.', 'Fifteen centers answered the questionnaire: 10 (67%) public institutions and five (33%) private. There were seven (47%) medical schools, six (40%) with a residency program and two (13%) nonacademic institutions. The mean number of esophagectomies per year was 23. There was a multidisciplinary pre-operative team in nine (60%). There was a multidisciplinary postoperative team in 11 (73%). Early mobilization protocol was adopted in 12 (80%) institutions, early feeding in 13 (87%), routinely epidural in seven (47%), analgesia protocol in seven (47%), hydric restriction in six (40%), early extubation in six (40%), standardized hospitalization time in four (27%) and standardized intensive care time in two (13%).

A:
1
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