TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (French: Les Parapluies de Cherbourg ) is a 1964 French-German romantic musical film directed by Jacques Demy, starring Catherine Deneuve and Nino Castelnuovo. The music was written by Michel Legrand. The film dialogue is all sung as recitative, including casual conversation (similar in style to an opera). Context_2 : Roger David Edward Nichols (born 6 April 1939) is an English music scholar, critic, translator and author. After an early career as a university lecturer he became a full-time freelance writer in 1980. He is particularly known for his works on French music, including books about Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel and the Parisian musical scene of the years after the First World War. Among his translations is the English version of the standard biography of Gabriel Fauré by Jean-Michel Nectoux. Nichols was decorated by the French authorities in 2006 for his contribution to French musical studies. Context_3 : Nazim Khaled born in Marseille, France is a French songwriter and composer. He grew up in Saint-Étienne and studied at Conservatoire de Saint-Étienne before moving to Paris. He composed a great number of hits, particularly on the French SNEP charts through his cooperation with Amir Haddad, Chimene Badi, Kendji Girac, Yannick Noah and Sindy amongst others. He co-wrote and co-produced "J'ai cherché", the French entry to Eurovision Song Contest 2016 performed by Amir, and "Requiem", the French entry to the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 performed by Alma. He also composed for the French musical "La Légende du roi Arthur" (full title "La Légende du roi Arthur: Quand l'amour change le cours de l'histoire") in 2015. Context_4 : Belles belles belles is a French musical based on songs of Claude François, with music by Claude François, Jean-Pierre Bourtayre and Carolin Petit and lyrics by Claude François and Daniel Moyne. It premiered at Olympia in Paris on November 21, 2003. The production was directed and choreographed by Redha, with costumes by Vanessa Coquet and Cécilia Sebaoun and settings by Dominique Lebourges. The producers were Gérard Louvin, GLEM productions and Claude François junior. It's the first French jukebox musical. Context_5 : Étienne-Joseph Floquet (23 November 174810 May 1785) was a French composer, mainly of operas. He was born in Aix-en-Provence and began his career by writing church music, before moving to Paris in 1767. There, Floquet made a name for himself with the requiem he wrote for the funeral of the composer Jean-Joseph de Mondonville in 1772. Floquet's first work for the Paris Opéra, the "ballet héroïque" "L'union de l'amour et les arts," was a triumph, enjoying 60 performances between its premiere in September 1773 and January 1774. The audience at the premiere was so enthusiastic that the performance had to be stopped several times because of the applause and, at the final curtain, Floquet was presented on stage, the first composer in the history of the Paris Opéra to enjoy such an honour. However, the arrival of the German composer Christoph Willibald Gluck in Paris later that year changed French musical taste and Floquet's style became unfashionable. After the failure of his next opera, "Azolan", Floquet decided to travel to Italy to perfect his musical education. There he studied composition under Nicola Sala in Naples and counterpoint under Padre Martini in Bologna, where he turned momentarily back to church music composing a "Te deum". Context_6 : "I Will Wait for You" is the English version of "Je ne pourrai jamais vivre sans toi", a song from the French musical "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg" ("Les Parapluies de Cherbourg", 1964). Its music was composed by Michel Legrand and the original lyrics written by Jacques Demy. It was performed in the film by Catherine Deneuve, whose voice was dubbed by Danielle Licari. The English lyrics of the song were written by Norman Gimbel. This version was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song at the 38th Academy Awards held in 1966. Context_7 : Pierre Estève (born February 11, 1961 in Cahors, in the French Pyrenees, is an eclectic singer-songwriter and composer with a wide range of styles, a musician, a contemporary artist acclaimed for his digital installations and sound sculptures, as well as a researcher and a journalist writing for the French musical press. After benefiting from a classical music and orchestra conducting training within the French Conservatoire de Musique institution), he is a specialist of virtual symphonic orchestras and world instruments. He is especially well-known of the public for composing the music for the soundtrack to a lot of video games, ads, documentaries and films. A multi-instrumentalist, he collects instruments from the five continents but also all kinds of natural and sonorous materials. Besides, he creates installations based on interactions between the public with the natural acoustic materials and technologies, and makes use of materials which he creates himself. Context_8 : "Ippolito ed Aricia" was commissioned in 1759 by Guillaume du Tillot, a minister for Philip, Duke of Parma, on behalf of the duke and his wife, Princess Louise Élisabeth of France. At that time, both France and Spain thought of Parma as a strategic point of interest and subsidized the court heavily. The duke and his wife were particularly fond of French opera and Tillot promoted all forms of French musical theater at the court. However, Tillot decided that he wanted to commission an opera for the court that would merge Italian musical idioms, such as beautiful melodies and virtuosic coloratura display, with French dramatic forms like choruses, ballet, and supernatural elements. He approached Carlo Innocenzo Frugoni, court poet of Parma, with the idea of creating such an opera using the Italian text of Rameau's "Hippolyte et Aricie". He agreed, and Tillot proceeded to recruit Tommaso Traetta to compose the music and Count Francesco Algarotti to assist Frugoni with the libretto. Context_9 : Arthur Pougin (] 6 August 1834 – 8 August 1921) was a French musical and dramatic critic and writer. He was born at Châteauroux (Indre) and studied music at the Paris Conservatory under Alard (violin) and Reber (harmony). In 1855 he became conductor at the Théâtre Beaumarchais, and afterward leader at Musard's concerts, subconductor at the Folies-Nouvelles, and from 1860 to 1863 he was first violin at the Opéra-Comique. He was in turn "feuilletoniste" to "Le Soir, La Tribune, L'Événement" and "Le Journal Officiel", besides being a frequent contributor to all the important French musical periodicals. His work in connection with Fétis's "Biographie universelle", for which he prepared a supplement (two volumes, 1878–80), has, however, been found to be lacking in thoroughness. He edited the new edition of Clément and Larousse's "Dictionnaire lyrique". Context_10 : Michel Legrand (born 24 February 1932) is a French musical composer, arranger, conductor, and jazz pianist. Legrand is a prolific composer, having written over 200 film and television scores, in addition to many memorable songs. He is best known for his often haunting, jazz-tinged film music. His celebrated scores for the films of French New Wave director Jacques Demy, "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg" (1964) and "The Young Girls of Rochefort" (1967), earned Legrand his first Academy Award nominations. For "The Thomas Crown Affair" (1968) and its title song, "The Windmills of Your Mind", Legrand won his first Oscar. fact_1 : "I Will Wait for You" is the English version of "Je ne pourrai jamais vivre sans toi", a song from the French musical "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg" ("Les Parapluies de Cherbourg", 1964). fact_2 :  The music was written by Michel Legrand. Question: Who wrote the music for the French musical that the song I Will Wait for You is from?

SOLUTION: Michel Legrand

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Grand Canyon Depot, also known as Grand Canyon Railroad Station, was constructed in 1909-10 for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway at the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, in what is now Grand Canyon National Park. It is one of three remaining railroad depots in the United States built with logs as the primary structure material. The station is within 100 m of the rim of the canyon, opposite the El Tovar Hotel, also built by the railroad. The depot is designated a National Historic Landmark. Context_2 : The Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon or Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon () or simply the Tsangpo Canyon, Brahmaputra Canyon or Tsangpo Gorge, along the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet, China, is the deepest canyon in the world, and at 504.6 km (314 miles) is slightly longer than the Grand Canyon in the United States, making it one of the world's largest. The Yarlung Tsangpo (Tibetan name for the upper course of the Brahmaputra) originates near Mount Kailash and runs east for about 1700 km, draining a northern section of the Himalayas before it enters the gorge just downstream of Pei, Tibet near the settlement of Zhibe. The canyon has a length of about 150 miles (240 km) as the gorge bends around Mount Namcha Barwa (7782 m) and cuts its way through the eastern Himalayan range. Its waters drop from about 2,900 m near Pei to about 1,500 m at the end of the Upper Gorge where the Po Tsangpo River enters. The river continues through the Lower Gorge to the Indian border at an elevation of 660 m. The river then enters Arunachal Pradesh and eventually becomes the Brahmaputra. Context_3 : Grand Canyon Village Historic District comprises the historic center of Grand Canyon Village, on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona. The district includes numerous landmark park structures, many of which are National Historic Landmarks themselves, or are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The town design as a whole is also significant for its attention to integration with the Grand Canyon landscape, its incorporation of National Park Service Rustic design elements, and for the idiosyncratic design of park concessioner structures such as the El Tovar Hotel. Context_4 : The Bridge is a 2006 British-American documentary film by Eric Steel spanning one year of filming at the famed Golden Gate Bridge which crosses the Golden Gate entrance to San Francisco Bay, connecting the city of San Francisco, California to the Marin Headlands of Marin County, in 2004. The film captured a number of suicides, and featured interviews with family and friends of some of the identified people who had thrown themselves from the bridge that year. Context_5 : The Middle Permian Toroweap Formation is a thin, darker geologic unit, between the brighter colored units of the Kaibab Limestone above, and Coconino Sandstone below. It is a prominent unit in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, found through sections of the South Rim, Grand Canyon, and the North Rim, of the Kaibab Plateau; also the Kaibab's southeast extension to Cape Royal, the Walhalla Plateau. The Colorado River of the Grand Canyon makes its excursion from due-south to due-west around the Walhalla Plateau, as it enters the east end of the Grand Canyon's interior, Granite Gorge. The formation is also found in southeast Utah. Context_6 : The Grand Canyon Inn and Campground, also known as the North Rim Inn, were built by the William W. Wylie and the Utah Parks Company as inexpensive tourist accommodations on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, in Grand Canyon National Park. Intended to complement the more expensive Grand Canyon Lodge, the cabins and Inn were located near Bright Angel Point, but father back than their more expensive counterparts, near the Grand Canyon North Rim Headquarters. The design of the cabins and the redesign of the Inn building were undertaken by architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood. Context_7 : John Hance (1840 – January 8, 1919) is thought to be the first non-Native American resident of the Grand Canyon, US. He opened the first tourist trail in the canyon in the late nineteenth century. He started giving tours of the canyon after his attempts at mining asbestos failed, largely due to the expense of removing the asbestos from the canyon. "Captain" John Hance was said to be one of the Grand Canyon's most colorful characters, and it had been declared by one early visitor that "To see the canyon only and not to see Captain John Hance, is to miss half the show." Hance delighted in telling canyon stories to visitors, favoring the whopper of a tale over mere facts. With a straight face, Hance told travelers how he had dug the canyon himself, piling the excavated earth down near Flagstaff (a dirt pile now known as the San Francisco Peaks). Despite such questionable claims, Hance left a lasting legacy at the Grand Canyon, dying in 1919, the year the Grand Canyon became a National Park. Hance was the first person buried in what would become the Grand Canyon Pioneer Cemetery. Context_8 : Grand Canyon Airlines is an 14 CFR Part 135 air carrier headquartered on the grounds of Boulder City Airport, Boulder City, NV. Grand Canyon Airlines also has bases at Grand Canyon National Park Airport, AZ, and Page Airport, AZ. It operates sightseeing tours and scheduled passenger service over and around the Grand Canyon. Its headquarters and main operation center is Grand Canyon National Park Airport and Boulder City Airport, Nevada. Context_9 : Grand Canyon High School is a public high school located near the Grand Canyon in Grand Canyon Village, Arizona. It is the only high school in the Grand Canyon Unified School District. Context_10 : Grand Canyon is a 1958 American short documentary film directed by James Algar and produced by Walt Disney Productions. It was shown as a supplement during "Sleeping Beauty's" initial run, and it won an Academy Award at the 31st Academy Awards in 1959 for Best Short Subject (Live Action). It is also included as a bonus feature on the 1997 laserdisc, 2003 DVD, and 2008 DVD & Blu-ray releases of "Sleeping Beauty". fact_1 : The Bridge is a 2006 British-American documentary film by Eric Steel spanning one year of filming at the famed Golden Gate Bridge which crosses the Golden Gate entrance to San Francisco Bay, connecting the city of San Francisco, California to the Marin Headlands of Marin County, in 2004. fact_2 : Grand Canyon is a 1958 American short documentary film directed by James Algar and produced by Walt Disney Productions. Question: Are both The Bridge and Grand Canyon documentary films?

SOLUTION: yes

PROBLEM: Context_1 : The Globotype is a colour display for telecommunications. It was invented and patented by David McCallum of Stonehouse, Devon, England. The device features very low cost and does not use consumable supplies. It is Royal Letters Patent No. 2924 issued December 29, 1855. The design and coding used is described in "Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of Telecommunications", Volume 2, pages 461 and 462. Mr. McCallum invented the Globotype in response to the use of printing telegraph machines which he saw as both expensive and unneeded. Context_2 : In computer science CDR coding is a compressed data representation for Lisp linked lists. It was developed and patented by the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and implemented in computer hardware in a number of Lisp machines derived from the MIT CADR. Context_3 : Sababbi Mangal born November 13, 1987 is an Indian author, Inventor and a Memory Trainer based at Bathinda, Punjab. In 2007, Sababbi invented Unlimited Years Calendar from 0001 to infinity. based on coding system. Sababbi has been working as a professional memory trainer and writer since 2007 and has authored seven Memory Enhancement Titles. His first book, Memorise Unlimited Years Calendar in One Hour was published in the year 2008. Later he published Be the Memory Champion, i-Memory the Guruitself followed by a series of 3 Books titled ‘Memory Mechanism’, ‘Advance Mnemonics’ and ‘Vedic Arithmetic’. Context_4 : Autocode is the name of a family of "simplified coding systems", later called programming languages, devised in the 1950s and 1960s for a series of digital computers at the Universities of Manchester, Cambridge and London. Autocode was a generic term; the autocodes for different machines were not necessarily closely related as are, for example, the different versions of the single language FORTRAN. Context_5 : The Enigma machines were a series of electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic and military communication. Enigma was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. Early models were used commercially from the early 1920s, and adopted by military and government services of several countries, most notably Nazi Germany before and during World War II. Several different Enigma models were produced, but the German military models, having a plugboard, were the most complex. Japanese and Italian models were also in use. Context_6 : Modified Frequency Modulation, commonly MFM, is a run-length limited (RLL) coding scheme used to encode the actual data-bits on most floppy disks. It was first introduced in disk drives with the IBM 3330 hard disk drive in 1970. Floppy disk drive hardware examples include Amiga, most CP/M machines as well as IBM PC compatibles. Context_7 : Modified Huffman coding is used in fax machines to encode black on white images (bitmaps). It combines the variable length codes of Huffman coding with the coding of repetitive data in run-length encoding. Context_8 : Golomb coding is a lossless data compression method using a family of data compression codes invented by Solomon W. Golomb in the 1960s. Alphabets following a geometric distribution will have a Golomb code as an optimal prefix code, making Golomb coding highly suitable for situations in which the occurrence of small values in the input stream is significantly more likely than large values. Context_9 : Eva Salier, née Hellendag, (1923 – August 12, 2014). A survivor of the Nazi Holocaust. She has written a book about her experience during her enslavement by the Nazis: "The Survival of a Spirit", a summation of the hardships suffered by her s mall group of "girls" as they were forcibly moved from secret site to secret site where they worked on electronic gear, including sending tubes for the enigma coding machine and V-2 guidance systems. As she tells the story, she worked in the first solid state transistors that would replace the tubes in the guidance system of the V-2. But this has never seen the light of day. The book was also translated into German as "Lebensweg einer Koblenzer Jüdin" and as "Ungebrochen durch die Hölle" Context_10 : CCITT Group 4 compression, also referred to as G4 or Modified Modified READ (MMR), is a lossless method of image compression used in Group 4 fax machines defined in the ITU-T T.6 fax standard. It is only used for bitonal (black and white) images. Group 4 compression is based on the Group 3 two-dimensional compression scheme (G3-2D), also known as Modified READ, which is in turn based on the Group 3 one-dimensional compression scheme (G3), also known as Modified Huffman coding. Group 4 compression is available in many proprietary image file formats as well as standardized formats such as TIFF, CALS, CIT (Intergraph Raster Type 24) and the PDF document format. fact_1 :  She has written a book about her experience during her enslavement by the Nazis: "The Survival of a Spirit", a summation of the hardships suffered by her s mall group of "girls" as they were forcibly moved from secret site to secret site where they worked on electronic gear, including sending tubes for the enigma coding machine and V-2 guidance systems. fact_2 :  Enigma was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. Question: The coding machines Eva Salier worked on during the Holocaust were invented by whom?

SOLUTION:
Arthur Scherbius