Given a paragraph, generate a claim that is supported by the given paragraph. 1) The claim must contain information from within the paragraph. 2) A sentence within the paragraph can be used as a claim. 3) The claim should not have contradictions within the paragraph. 4) The claim should be at most one sentence long.

Input: Consider Input: A crowdfunding initiative by the finance minister amid reports of government spending on new vehicles for Cabinet members has only swelled public anger. Some local non-governmental organizations on Friday blamed the government for the deaths in an outbreak that is spreading beyond the capital and raising fears of a repeat of the 2008 epidemic that killed over 4,000 people. “It is alarming and quite unusual for such a medieval and preventable disease to continue to claim such valuable lives in this day and age,” said the Civil Society Health Emergency Response Coordinating Committee in a statement. It warned that government failure to “guarantee the right to health is a serious violation of both local and international law.” The government, which this week declared an emergency, has said it is committed to ending the outbreak. Health Minister Obadiah Moyo, while visiting a suburb identified as the epicenter of the outbreak on Friday, said it is not time “for a blame game.” United Nations agencies such as the World Health Organization say they have intervened to assist the southern African country whose economy collapsed under former leader Robert Mugabe, who resigned in November under military pressure. Finance Minister Mthuli Ncube used Twitter to announce a crowdfunding initiative to help fight the outbreak, infuriating some Zimbabweans long frustrated by the country’s currency crisis and high unemployment rate. ___ Follow Africa news at https://twitter.com/AP_Africa

Output: Zimbabwe’s government criticized over cholera outbreak.


Input: Consider Input: Ebola has left those living in the country’s east weary and fearful, and, just as they were preparing to declare an end to the outbreak, a new case popped up. Now, they will now have to manage both threats at once. The new virus has overwhelmed some of the world’s best hospital systems in Europe and ripped through communities in New York. In Congo, it could spread unchecked in a country that has endured decades of conflict, where corruption has left the the population largely impoverished despite mineral wealth, and where mistrust of authority is so entrenched that health workers have been killed during the Ebola outbreak. It’s also unclear how forthcoming international support will be at a time when the whole world is battling the coronavirus. “It all feels like one big storm,” said Martine Milonde, a Congolese community mobilizer who works with the aid group World Vision in Beni, which has been the epicenter of the Ebola outbreak. “Truly, this is a crisis within a crisis within a crisis. The community suffers from insecurity, and suffered under Ebola, and now may have to face COVID-19.” In early March, an Ebola patient whom many hoped would be the last was discharged, and the outbreak was supposed to be officially declared over Sunday. But the World Health Organization on Friday announced a new case in Beni. The outbreak has claimed more than 2,260 lives since August 2018 — the second largest the world has ever seen, after the 2014-2016 outbreak in West Africa. Still, there is some hope: Many of the tools used to fight Ebola — hand-washing and social distancing chief among them — are also key to combating the coronavirus. In Beni, which has reported two cases of the new coronavirus, “the communities here hold onto some hope that they are going to overcome this pandemic the way they had been working to overcome Ebola,” said Milonde. “They are counting on the caution, vigilance and hygiene practices that they have been performing to save their families.”  Community advocates in Beni — who walk around with megaphones to talk about Ebola — have started to include warnings about the coronavirus. Messages explaining COVID-19, the disease caused by the virus, and where to go if sick are being spread on radio stations, through text message blasts and by religious leaders. Schools, churches and mosques are already armed with hand-washing kits. Beni’s mayor, Nyonyi Bwanakawa, says many of the measures will be familiar — but the recommendations to stay home are more stringent than what is required for Ebola, and officials are prepared to take “dramatic measures” if people resist. Unlike Ebola, which kills about half of the people it infects, the new coronavirus causes mostly mild or moderate symptoms in about 80% of people. Spreading Ebola typically requires an exchange of bodily fluids, and people have often been infected when caring for loved ones or mourning in traditional funerals that involve close contact with the body. In contrast, the new coronavirus is far more contagious and mostly spread by people coughing or sneezing, including those with only mild flu-like symptoms. That means the task of controlling the virus’ spread in Congo will be massive: The government has only limited control in parts of the vast country, there are also some dense population centers with poor sanitation and infrastructure, and the country’s mineral-rich east is beset by violence from various armed groups. Dr. Michel Yao, program manager for emergency response at the WHO’s Africa office, said implementing robust testing and contact tracing will be key. But getting the community fully involved in fighting the disease might be even more important. That means not just speaking at communities, “but giving them responsibility and roles to play.” Initially, efforts to control Ebola were met with resistance, one of the major contributors to its spread. Amid the insecurity in the country’s east, superstitions arose, and some clinics to treat Ebola patients were attacked and health workers killed. The capital, Kinshasa, a tightly packed city of 14 million located on the country’s western border, remains another major worry, said Yao, who is based at WHO’s African headquarters in the neighboring Republic of Congo. “If it reaches this place, it would be a big disaster,” he said. “Africa is only partly ready,” said Yao. “If we stick to sporadic cases, this can be managed.” But many more developed countries have seen cases surge, and a sizable outbreak in Congo could easily overwhelm its hospital system. Advanced equipment to deal with severe respiratory illness, which the coronavirus can cause, is lacking: The Health Ministry says there are about 65 ventilators — all in Kinshasa — and 20 more on order for a country of more than 80 million people. There have been 215 confirmed cases of the new coronavirus in Congo, with 20 deaths, the ministry said Friday. And health workers will also need to find a way to continue to treat people infected with the many other diseases that regularly torment the population. Over the past year, for instance, a measles outbreak killed more than 6,000 people in Congo. In addition, because donor countries are themselves dealing with outbreaks, help from abroad could be less forthcoming. The key, Yao said, is training more people locally to care for the ill. The challenge will be rallying again after many months of trying to contain Ebola. “The job wasn’t yet finished, and we have to deal with another emergency,” Yao said. Katungo Methya, 53, who volunteers for the Red Cross in Beni, expressed a weariness many feel. “It’s so upsetting to have this second disease. We lost so many people through Ebola, a lot of deaths, now corona,” she said. “Everyone is really afraid.” ___ Petesch reported from Dakar, Senegal. AP medical writer Maria Cheng in London contributed from London.

Output: Congo, weary from Ebola, must also battle the coronavirus.


Input: Consider Input: "On September 21 2020, several prominent tweets suggested that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention added, then removed guidance indicating that SARS-CoV-2 (the virus which causes COVID-19) was airborne — meaning it could potentially be spread through aerosolized droplets in confined spaces:BREAKING: The CDC now pulls down language saying COVID aerisolizes.It’s reasonable to wonder who is calling the shots at the CDC and what the scientists actually think.— Andy Slavitt @ 🏡 (@ASlavitt) September 21, 2020🚨HOLY HELL—CDC has now taken down the “coronavirus is aerosol & airborne” guidance from yesterday!!!! It’s like gone!! Instead it puts up some ‘a draft version was put up in error’ bullshit language. Ummm, HHS censorship??? #COVID19 pic.twitter.com/jps57DZ43R— Eric Feigl-Ding (@DrEricDing) September 21, 2020One tweet highlighted the changes:BREAKINGCDC changes COVID-19 guidance, airborne is primary way the virus spreads, touching surfaces is NOT the main way. #Ventilation is important, as it goes beyond 6 ft and remains suspended in the air.H/T @jljcolorado & @jmcrookston pic.twitter.com/8EZ86q3V6i— David Elfstrom (@DavidElfstrom) September 20, 2020Those tweets often followed tweets referencing and sharing the removed content from the CDC’s website:Huge—CDC now finally says coronavirus can commonly spread ""through respiratory droplets or small particles, such as in aerosols,"" when a person breathes. ""Airborne viruses, including #COVID19, are among the most contagious”➡️Airborne aerosols. #MaskUp 🧵https://t.co/ik2LrH4Iqk— Eric Feigl-Ding (@DrEricDing) September 21, 2020Initial News About the CDC’s ‘Airborne Spread’ ChangesIn the above tweet, published at 7:39 AM on September 21 2020, epidemiologist Eric Feigl-Ding shared a CNN link to a September 20 2020 article (“Updated CDC guidance acknowledges coronavirus can spread through the air”), which began:The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention updated guidance on its website to say coronavirus can commonly spread “through respiratory droplets or small particles, such as those in aerosols,” which are produced even when a person breathes.“Airborne viruses, including COVID-19, are among the most contagious and easily spread,” the site now says.Previously, the CDC page said that Covid-19 was thought to spread mainly between people in close contact — about 6 feet — and “through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks.”The page, updated [September 18 2020], still says Covid-19 most commonly spreads between people who are in close contact with one another, and now says the virus is known to spread “through respiratory droplets or small particles, such as those in aerosols, produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, sings, talks or breathes.”A separate September 21 2020 article also published on CNN.com (“As doctors worry about ‘a very apocalyptic fall,’ the CDC retracts info on how Covid-19 spreads”) addressed the removal of guidance about airborne transmission of COVID-19 from the CDC’s website:Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo, director of the division of infectious diseases at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, said she agrees this fall “could be apocalyptic” after recent spikes. […][Marrazzo] cited a recent [September 18 2020] update from the CDC that said you can get Covid-19 just by inhaling tiny particles from an infected person’s breath that linger or travel in the air.“There is growing evidence that droplets and airborne particles can remain suspended in the air and be breathed in by others, and travel distances beyond 6 feet,” the CDC’s website said in an update [added September 18 2020]. “In general, indoor environments without good ventilation increase this risk.”Many doctors have known that for months — hence their pleas for the public to wear masks.“The updated guidance would have been fine if it came out last May [2020],” Hotez said. “We knew all of these things months ago.”But by Monday afternoon [September 21 2020], the CDC’s update was removed.“The fact that they retracted this, even though this is common scientific knowledge at this point, one has to wonder what’s behind it,” said Dr. Leana Wen, a CNN medical analyst and an emergency physician at George Washington University.As for the retraction, a copy of a page titled “How COVID-19 Spreads” was updated September 18 2020, and archived just before 10 AM on September 21 2020. The archived version of the page read:COVID-19 is thought to spread mainly through close contact from person to person, including between people who are physically near each other (within about 6 feet). People who are infected but do not show symptoms can spread the virus to others. We are still learning about how the virus spreads and the severity of illness it causes.COVID-19 most commonly spreadsAs of 5:49 PM on September 21 2020, the same page at the same link did not include the content about airborne transmission:COVID-19 is thought to spread mainly through close contact from person-to-person. Some people without symptoms may be able to spread the virus. We are still learning about how the virus spreads and the severity of illness it causes.Person-to-person spread The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person.A note at the top of the edited page addressed the changes:A draft version of proposed changes to these recommendations was posted in error to the agency’s official website. CDC is currently updating its recommendations regarding airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19). Once this process has been completed, the update language will be posted.CDC Officials Explain the Revision and Re-RevisionAccording to the second CNN article, two people with knowledge of the changes (one named, one not) spoke to the network:The removal was not the result of political pressure, according to a federal official familiar with the situation.“This was totally the CDC’s doing,” the official said. “It was posted by mistake. It wasn’t ready to be posted.”The official said the guideline change was published without first being thoroughly reviewed by CDC experts.“Somebody hit the button and shouldn’t have,” the official said.The official added that the guidance is “getting revised,” but didn’t say when the revision would be posted to the CDC’s website … When asked why the CDC retracted its update on aerosolized spread, a spokesman for the agency said it was posted in error.“A draft version of proposed changes to these recommendations was posted in error to the agency’s official website,” CDC spokesman Jason McDonald said in an email to CNN.“CDC is currently updating its recommendations regarding airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19). Once this process has been completed, the update language will be posted.”A CNBC article published just after noon on September 21 2020 reported that the World Health Organization had contacted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention about the changes:The WHO had not seen any “new evidence” on airborne particles and was checking with the CDC to “better understand” the exact nature of the change, Dr. Mike Ryan, executive director of the WHO’s health emergencies program, said during a news conference at the agency’s Geneva headquarters.The WHO has said Covid-19 primarily spreads through respiratory droplets that pass when an infected person coughs, sneezes or breathes. Studies have shown that the coronavirus could spread through aerosols in the air, and the WHO has said it is monitoring “emerging evidence” of possible airborne transmission.The international agency’s position “on this remains the same,” Ryan said, “and we’ve always said going back over months and months about the potential for different kinds of roots of transmission and particularly driven by the context, the proximity, the intensity, the duration and the potential for different forms of transmission.”In the same article, CNBC referenced research supporting the airborne spread of coronavirus:Studies have suggested the virus can spread through the air. A study published by researchers at the National Institutes of Health earlier [in 2020] found that particles of the coronavirus released by talking can remain in the air for eight to 14 minutes.A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that Covid-19 was detectable in aerosols for up to three hours.In July [2020], the WHO said there is still no “definitive” evidence that indicates the virus is spreading widely by air, although it added that the possibility of airborne transmission in public settings “cannot be ruled out.”A September 21 2020 Washington Post article quoted CDC deputy director for infectious disease Jay Butler, who said the CDC could not explain how the “airborne” guidance was initially published:But Jay Butler, the CDC’s deputy director for infectious disease, said the Friday update was posted in error. “Unfortunately an early draft of a revision went up without any technical review,” he said.The edited Web page has removed all references to airborne spread, except for a disclaimer that recommendations based on this mode of transmission are under review. “We are returning to the earlier version and revisiting that process,” Butler said. “It was a failure of process at CDC.”SummaryOn September 18 2020, a CDC page called “How COVID-19 Spreads” was updated to include prominent initial language about airborne coronavirus transmission. The changes attracted widespread attention on September 20 2020, and the updates were taken out of the CDC page the next day. Officials later said that “an early draft of a revision went up without any technical review,” because of “a failure of process at [the] CDC,” and that edits to the page were pending.Comments"


Output: "In September 2020, the CDC added and then removed ""airborne transmission"" as a way in which COVID-19 is likely to spread."