In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[EX Q]: however, we overrule our prior exclusive reliance on the absolute disparity test in fair cross-section and equal protection cases, and permit district courts to analyze fair cross-section and equal protection cases using the most appropriate methods applicable to the particular challenge.
[EX A]: overruling

[EX Q]: after careful and deliberate study of each of the cases and treatises cited by counsel for the respective parties, as supplemented by own independent research, we are constrained to overrule collins and adopt justice (later chief justice) gardner's dissent in that case.
[EX A]: overruling

[EX Q]: see crowell constructors, inc. v. state ex rel. cobey, 328 n.c. 563, 563-64, 402 s.e.2d 407, 408 (1991); mckinney v. duncan, ___ n.c. app. ___, ___, 808 s.e.2d 509, 512 (2017) (""the order is devoid of any stamp-file or other marking necessary to indicate a filing date, and therefore it was not entered.
[EX A]:
non-overruling