In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question separated with a 
. You have to answer the question based on the context.

[Q]: The split methods (beyond random split) are the following:

Output length: Variation of the setup described by BIBREF2 where the train set consists of examples with output (sparql query or action sequence) length $\le \hspace{-2.5pt} N$, while the test set consists of examples with output length $> \hspace{-2.5pt} N$. For CFQ, we use $N = 7$ constraints. For scan, we use $N = 22$ actions.

Input length: Variation of the above setup, in which the train set consists of examples with input (question or command) length $\le N$, while test set consists of examples with input length $> N$. For CFQ, we use $N=19$ grammar leaves. For SCAN, we use $N=8$ tokens.

Output pattern: Variation of setup described by BIBREF8, in which the split is based on randomly assigning clusters of examples sharing the same output (query or action sequence) pattern. Query patterns are determined by anonymizing entities and properties; action sequence patterns collapse primitive actions and directions.

Input pattern: Variation of the previous setup in which the split is based on randomly assigning clusters of examples sharing the same input (question or command) pattern. Question patterns are determined by anonymizing entity and property names ; command patterns collapse verbs and the interchangeable pairs left/right, around/opposite, twice/thrice. 
 Question: What are other approaches into creating compositional generalization benchmarks?
[A]: random  Output length Input length Output pattern Input pattern


[Q]: We design the word-level refine decoder because this process is similar to the cloze task in BERT's pre-train process, therefore by using the ability of the contextual language model the decoder can generate more fluent and natural sequences. 
 Question: Why masking words in the decoder is helpful?
[A]: ecause this process is similar to the cloze task in BERT's pre-train process, therefore by using the ability of the contextual language model the decoder can generate more fluent and natural sequences.


[Q]: We demonstrate our approach on the task of answering open-domain fill-in-the-blank natural language questions. 
 Question: What task do they evaluate on?
[A]:
Fill-in-the-blank natural language questions