In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Chronic inflammation is hypothesized to influence prostate cancer development, although a definitive link has not been established.', 'Prostate cancer cases (N = 191) detected on a for-cause (clinically indicated) or end-of-study (protocol directed) biopsy, and frequency-matched controls (N = 209), defined as negative for cancer on an end-of-study biopsy, were sampled from the placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Inflammation prevalence and extent in benign areas of biopsy cores were visually assessed using digital images of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations.', 'Of note, 86.2% of cases and 78.2% of controls had at least one biopsy core (of three assessed) with inflammation in benign areas, most of which was chronic. Men who had at least one biopsy core with inflammation had 1.78 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-3.06] times the odds of prostate cancer compared with men who had zero cores with inflammation. The association was stronger for high-grade disease (Gleason sum 7-10, N = 94; OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.06-4.71). These patterns were present when restricting to cases and controls in whom intraprostatic inflammation was the least likely to have influenced biopsy recommendation because their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was low (<2 ng/mL at biopsy).\Question: Is chronic inflammation in benign prostate tissue associated with high-grade prostate cancer in the placebo arm of the prostate cancer prevention trial?

Output: Inflammation, most of which was chronic, was common in benign prostate tissue, and was positively associated with prostate cancer, especially high grade. The association did not seem to be due to detection bias.


Input: Consider Input: Context: The basis of the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy is the use of drugs that block the transmission of pain (antineuritics) and a good metabolic control of underlying disease.', 'To describe the outcomes of 17 type-2 diabetics with painful neuropathy, treated between 1988 and 2005 with symptomatic therapy plus intensified insulin.', 'Review of medical records of 17 type-2 diabetic patients, aged 63+/-11 years and a duration of diabetes of 15+/-8 years. All patients received intensified insulin therapy with 0.35 units/kg of NPH insulin (2/3 before breakfast and 1/3 evening meal), plus capillary glucose measurements and regular insulin (with sliding-scale centered in approximately 0.1 units/kg) before the 3 main meals. All patients were also treated with gabapentin, nortriptyline or clomipramine. Pain was assessed using a visual analog score of 10 points.', 'After 1 year, glycosilated hemoglobin decreased from 10.0+/-1.4% to 7.7+/-1.2% (p approximately =0.003). Pain decreased from 10 to 5.1+/-3.3 at one month, 2.3+/-3.2 at six months, and 3.1+/-3.6 at 1 year (p <0.01). There was a direct statistical correlation between the reduction of HbA1C and pain decline (r =0.736; p =0.037). Pain scores were lower than those reported elsewhere for Pregabalin (n =76; p =0.05), Lamotrigine (n =27; p <0.0005), Topiramate (n =208; p <0.005), and Gabapentin (n =84; p <0.025). The lack of difference to Sodium Valproate (n =21; p =0.07) had borderline significance.\Question: Is [ Intensified insulin therapy plus antineuritic medication more effective than antineuritics alone in painful diabetic neuropathy ]?

Output: The addition of intensified insulin therapy to the symptomatic treatment of painful neuropathy in type-2 diabetics, significantly enhanced the reduction of pain. The lowering of glycosilated hemoglobin was a significant predictor of success in pain reduction.


Input: Consider Input: Context: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Although insulin resistance contributes to cardiac hypertrophy, the relationship between insulin resistance and LVH in patients with ADPKD has not been previously studied.', 'We performed M-mode and color Doppler echocardiography on 176 family members (106 patients and 70 healthy relatives) from 16 families with polycystic kidney disease type 1 (PKD1). Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated using the Penn equation and corrected for body surface area. Fasting insulin and glucose concentrations were measured and insulin resistance was evaluated by means of the homeostasis model assessment.', 'In multivariate regression analysis, insulin resistance was significantly associated with LVMI in healthy relatives (P < 0.01) and patients with PKD1 (P < 0.05) independent of age, weight, systolic blood pressure, and albuminuria.\Question: Is insulin resistance related to left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with polycystic kidney disease type 1?


Output: Insulin resistance is associated with LVMI in patients with PKD1 independently of other factors known to increase LVMI.