In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Ex Input:
We performed experiments to determine the effect of PKR activation on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication. We first determined that RSV infection activates PKR which induces the phosphorylation of eIF2α, resulting in the formation of host stress granules. We used RNA interference to decrease endogenous PKR levels. RSV replication was not altered in cells deficient for PKR expression. However, RSV-mediated stress granule formation was significantly reduced in PKR-knockdown cells. As an alternative method to block PKR activation, we used treatment with the kinase inhibitor 2-aminopurine (2-AP). We observed that 2-AP treatment significantly reduced viral replication. We also treated PKR-knockdown cells with 2-AP and inoculated with RSV. Under these conditions, 2-AP treatment diminished viral replication in the absence of PKR expression. These results suggest that PKR activation has a minimal effect on RSV replication and that the antiviral effect of 2-AP during RSV infection likely occurs via a PKR-independent mechanism.

Ex Output:
Activation of protein kinase R is required for induction of stress granules by respiratory syncytial virus but dispensable for viral replication


Ex Input:
The prevalence of self-reported preventive behaviors in response to an anticipated local human-to-human H5N1 transmission outbreak and factors associated with such behaviors have not been examined. A random, anonymous, cross-sectional telephone survey of 503 Hong Kong Chinese adults. The public in Hong Kong is likely to adopt self-protective behaviors (e.g., wearing face mask in public venues (73.8%), increasing the frequency of handwashing (86.7%)) and behaviors that protect others (e.g., wearing face masks when experiencing influenza-like illness (ILI, 92.4%), immediately seeking medical consultation (94.2%), making declarations when crossing the border with ILI (87.1%), complying to quarantine policies (88.3%)). Multivariate analyses indicated that factors related to age, full-time employment, perceived susceptibility, perceived efficacy of preventive measures, perceived higher fatality as compared to SARS, perceived chance of a major local outbreak, and being worried about self/family members contracting the virus were significantly associated with the inclination to adopt self-protective measures. Similar analyses showed that education level, variables related to perceived efficacy, perceived major local outbreak and such were significantly associated with various behaviors directed towards protecting others. In the event of a human-to-human H5N1 outbreak, the public in Hong Kong is likely to adopt preventive measures that may help contain the spread of the virus in the community.

Ex Output:
BMC Infectious Diseases Anticipated and current preventive behaviors in response to an anticipated human-to-human H5N1 epidemic in the Hong Kong Chinese general population


Ex Input:
A prospective stud)! was carried out to determine the epidemiology and etiology of acute gastroenteritis on the general infant ward oj The Montreal Children's Hospital in the late fall of /976. Diarrhea occurred in 4/ of /65 infants (25%), with probable nosocomial acquisition in 26 patients. Two infants each had two episodes of diarrhea. and one had three. A putative pathogen was found In 3/ of 45 case episodes (69%). Virus-like particles were present in 28 o] 45 patients, and in 24 of 74 asymptomatic room contacts. Particles belonging to six morphologic classes were identified: adenovirus. rota virus, minirotavlrus, calicivirus, plcorna-parvovirus, and coronavirus. More than one agent was identified in /2 infants with diarrhea and in five asymptomatic room contacts. No wardwide etiologic pal/ern was evident, but minirotavirus or caltcivirus or both were associated with diarrhea in 10 patients, accompanied by vomiting in /5 of these infants. Moreover, spread oj individual agents was almost entirely limited to minirotavirus and calicivirus, with diarrhea in six of ten. and four of seven, virus positive room contacts. respectively. These viruses were also identified in stools from 12 infants without diarrhea, seven oJ whom had repeated vomiting. Data support the etiologic role oj mlnirotavirus and calicivirus in diarrhea or vomiting or both in hospitalized infants.

Ex Output:

Nosocomial infantile gastroenteritis associated with minirotavirus and calicivirus