In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[EX Q]: in reaching this conclusion, the court stated that it believed the sequence of events as documented in kinney's arrest report that the officer was beginning to pat down defendant when defendant dropped the backpack.
[EX A]: non-overruling

[EX Q]: at the present time, we feel that we should follow the hamilton case and consider the lunkin case overruled.
[EX A]: overruling

[EX Q]: under ors 137.123(1), ""[a] sentence shall be deemed to be a concurrent term unless the judgment expressly provides for consecutive sentences.""
[EX A]:
non-overruling