Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging modality involving ionizing radiation. The presence of γ-H2AX foci after low to moderate ionizing radiation exposure has been demonstrated; however it is unknown whether very low ionizing radiation exposure doses from CT exams can induce γ-H2AX formation in vivo in young children.', 'To test whether very low ionizing radiation doses from CT exams can induce lymphocytic γ-H2AX foci (phosphorylated histones used as a marker of DNA damage) formation in vivo in young children.', 'Parents of participating children signed a consent form. Blood samples from three children (ages 3-21\xa0months) undergoing CT exams involving very low blood ionizing radiation exposure doses (blood doses of 0.22-1.22\xa0mGy) were collected immediately before and 1\xa0h post CT exams. Isolated lymphocytes were quantified for γ-H2AX foci by a technician blinded to the radiation status and dose of the patients. Paired t-tests and regression analyses were performed with significance levels set at P\u2009<\u20090.05.', 'We observed a dose-dependent increase in γ-H2AX foci post-CT exams (P\u2009=\u20090.046) among the three children. Ionizing radiation exposure doses led to a linear increase of foci per cell in post-CT samples (102% between lowest and highest dose).

A: 1
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Q: The lowest peak expiratory flow (PEF) over a week, expressed as a percentage of the highest PEF (Min%Max PEF) has been reported to be the index that most closely correlates with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthmatics. However, both fluctuation of the airway caliber and airflow limitation are regarded as physiological properties of asthma closely related to AHR. An accurate index that shows the degree of AHR may be obtained by combining the index of airway lability with the parameters that represent airway caliber.', 'Ninety-two steroid-naive and twenty-eight steroid-treated asthmatic patients were enrolled. Using the physiological parameters obtained from spirometry and PEF monitoring, we investigated the indices which correlate accurately with airway responsiveness measured by the inhalation challenge test.', 'Although the methacholine threshold was related to all parameters that represent airway caliber and lability, Min%Max PEF had the strongest correlation with AHR. When Min%Max PEF was adjusted by the airway geometric factors, the normalization of Min%Max PEF with forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage of the predicted value (%FEV(1)) improved the relationship between Min%Max PEF and AHR.

A: 0
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Q: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of disability and death among subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The atherosclerotic process begins during the prediabetic phase characterized by impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. In vitro studies have suggested that glucose and insulin can substantially alter the structure and function of the arterial wall and affect the development of atherosclerosis.', "We performed a cross-sectional study of the relation of arterial stiffness indexes with glucose tolerance and serum insulin concentrations. Several indexes of common carotid artery stiffness were assessed with noninvasive ultrasound methods in a biracial sample of 4701 men and women 45 to 64 years of age in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Arterial compliance (AC), stiffness index (SI), pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep), and Young's elastic modulus (YEM) were calculated. YEM includes wall (intima-media) thickness and thus gives an estimate of arterial stiffness controlling for wall thickness. All indexes of arterial stiffness were higher with increasing concentrations of fasting glucose. This finding was consistent in both black and white examines and in both sexes. A 25% increase in fasting glucose (approximately 1 SD) was associated in nondiabetic white men with a 5.8% (95% CI, -9.6% to -1.9%; P = .004) decrease in AC and increases of 5.8% (95% CI, 2.0% to 9.7%; P = .002) in SI, 11.3% (95% CI, 6.9% to 15.9%; P < .001) in Ep, and 11.2% (95% CI, 6.2% to 16.6%; P < .001) in YEM. In nondiabetic white women, the corresponding predicted changes were a decrease of 15.0% (95% CI, -18.2% to -11.7%; P < .001) in AC and increases of 16.6% (95% CI, 12.5% to 20.8%; P < .001) in SI, 23.2% (95% CI, 18.4% to 28.2%; P < .001) in Ep, and 19.2% (95% CI, 14.0% to 24.7%; P < .001) in YEM. Glucose and insulin contributed synergistically to the increase in stiffness indexes. Insulin and triglycerides also had a synergistic association with stiffness indexes.

A:
0
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