TASK DEFINITION: Given a question and a context passage, generate the answer having the word or phrase from the context passage. Here, the answer should be a shortest continous span from the passage.
PROBLEM: Context: 3sat began broadcasting on 1 December 1984. 
 Question: What year did 3sat start?

SOLUTION: 1 december 1984

PROBLEM: Context: Defects in DNA mismatch repair have been associated with both hereditary and sporadic forms of cancer. Recently, it has been shown that human cell lines deficient in mismatch repair were also defective in the transcription-coupled repair (TCR) of UV-induced DNA damage. We examined whether TCR of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage also requires the genes involved in DNA mismatch repair. Cells defective in the hMSH2 gene were deficient in the removal of oxidative damage, including thymine glycols, from the transcribed strand of an active gene. However, an hMLH1 mutant showed normal levels of TCR. By comparison, defects in either hMSH2 or hMLH1 resulted in reduced TCR of UV damage. Introducing chromosomes carrying either hMSH2 or hMLH1 into these cell lines restored their ability to carry out TCR. Deficiencies in either hMSH2 or hMLH1 did not result in decreased overall genomic levels of repair or lead to an increased sensitivity to either UV or ionizing radiation. Our results provide the first evidence for a protein that is absolutely required for the preferential removal of UV-induced DNA damage but not oxidative DNA damage from the transcribed strand of an active human gene. 
 Question: Which gene strand is targeted by transcription-coupled repair (TCR)?

SOLUTION: the transcribed strand

PROBLEM: Context: Sotos syndrome is an overgrowth syndrome with characteristic facial dysmorphism, variable severity of learning disabilities and macrocephaly with overgrowth. Haploinsufficiency of the nuclear receptor SET domain-containing protein 1 (NSD1) gene located on 5q35 has been implicated as the cause of Sotos syndrome. This study was performed to investigate the mutation spectrum of NSD1 abnormalities and meaningful genotype-phenotype correlations in Korean patients with Sotos syndrome. Eighteen unrelated Korean patients with Sotos syndrome were enrolled for clinical and molecular analyses. Cytogenetic studies were performed to confirm 5q35 microdeletion, and NSD1 sequencing analysis was performed to identify intragenic mutations. NSD1 abnormalities were identified in 15 (83%) patients. Among them, eight patients (53%) had 5q35 microdeletions and the other seven patients (47%) had seven different NSD1 intragenic mutations including four novel mutations. The mutation spectrum of Korean patients with Sotos syndrome was similar to that of previous studies for Japanese patients. Height was significantly shorter and age of walking alone was significantly older in the microdeletion group compared with those in the intragenic mutation group. No significant differences were observed for other clinical characteristics between the microdeletion and intragenic mutation groups. Further studies with a larger number of patients will be necessary to draw conclusive genotype-phenotype correlations. 
 Question: Which gene is responsible for the development of Sotos syndrome?

SOLUTION:
nsd1 gene