instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
The disturbance of mitochondrial functions has been considered as one of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP) followed by kidney failure. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of methylene blue (MB) on pancreas and kidney mitochondrial respiratory functions during experimental acute pancreatitis in rats.', 'AP was induced by administrating sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct of male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups: the MB group, MB (5\u2009mg/kg) was injected intravenously 10\u2009min prior to AP induction; the AP group, saline solution was injected intravenously 10\u2009min prior to AP induction; and the sham operation group, isotonic sodium chlorine was used instead of sodium taurocholate. The animals were sacrificed after 24\u2009h. The pancreas and kidney were removed for mitochondrial assay by oxygraphic and spectrophotometric methods.', 'Intravenous injection of MB did not prevent AP-induced inhibition of pancreatic mitochondrial respiration; however, MB significantly improved kidney mitochondrial respiratory functions with complex I-dependent substrates glutamate and malate. The activity of complex I of mitochondria isolated from AP-damaged kidney was increased after pretreatment with MB. However, MB did not affect AP-inhibited kidney mitochondrial respiration with succinate. MB had no protective effects on amylase activity or on urea content in serum in AP.
answer:
Does methylene blue attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction of rat kidney during experimental acute pancreatitis?


question:
To establish a single-tube single-run multiplex PCR technique that can detect single or mixed samples with four species of Plasmodium.', 'Folding primers were designed based on the fast nested PCR. The reaction component concentrations were optimized and the primers were selected based on the annealing temperature. The established single-tube single-run folding-primer multiplex PCR (FP-PCR) was tested for its sensitivity and specificity to detect single-species and mixed samples with P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovale (including P. ovale wallikeri) and/or P. malariae.', 'In all the seven experimental repeats, FP-PCR successfully detected single-species infection for all the four species, with the detection limit reaching or close to 1 parasite/µl blood. For mixed infections with 2-4 species at different densities with the highest being 100 times of the lowest, FP-PCR identified all the species in each combination in 57 out of 84 tests. Further, in 10 dried blood samples on filter paper from healthy subjects, no FP-PCR amplification was found, except weak formation of dimers.
answer:
Does [ Single-tube Single-run Multiplex PCR detect Mixed Samples with Four Species of Plasmodium ]?


question:
The purpose of this study was to compare prenatal versus postnatal markers of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) severity at a single fetal-care center.', 'A retrospective study was performed of patients having a complete prenatal evaluation and surgical repair (n\u2009=\u200955). Observed-to-expected lung-to-head ratio (o/eLHR), observed-to-expected total lung volume (o/eTLV), liver position (LP), a predictive dependent variable from logistic regression of o/eLHR and liver position (o/eLHR\u2009+\u2009LP), and diaphragmatic defect size per the CDH Study Group A-D classification were plotted into receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Survival and need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) were primary outcomes.', 'Survival was 69%, and ECMO utilization was 56%. Distribution was 80% left-sided defects. In the survival ROC curve, the area under the curve (AUC) for o/eLHR was 0.73, o/eTLV 0.74, LP 0.73, o/eLHR\u2009+\u2009LP 0.78, and defect size 0.84 (p\u2009=\u20090.23). The ROC curve for ECMO support showed o/eLHR had an AUC of 0.82, o/eTLV 0.89, LP 0.79, o/eLHR\u2009+\u2009LP 0.87, and defect size 0.90 (p\u2009=\u20090.19). The AUCs were similar when only left-sided CDH was analyzed.
answer:

Do prenatal and postnatal markers of severity in congenital diaphragmatic hernia have similar prognostic ability?