In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[EX Q]: Context: Abnormalities of serum sodium are common after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and have been linked to poor outcome. This study analyzed whether abnormal serum sodium levels are associated with cardiac outcomes and mortality after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).', "In a prospective cohort study of SAH patients, the primary predictor variable was subjects' sodium level. Hypernatremia was defined as sodium >143 mmol/L and hyponatremia was <133 mmol/L. Cardiac troponin I (cTi) was measured and echocardiography was performed on three study days. Dichotomous outcome variables were cTi > 1.0 microg/L, left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50%, presence (vs absence) of regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) of the LV, pulmonary edema, and death. Additional analyses studied the degree of hypernatremia and sodium supplementation, and the temporal relationship between hypernatremia and cardiac outcomes.", 'The study included 214 subjects. Forty-eight subjects (22%) were hypernatremic on at least one study day, and 45 (21%) were hyponatremic. After multivariate adjustment, hypernatremia was an independent predictor of LVEF <50% (OR 4.7, CI 1.3-16.2, p = 0.015), elevated cTi (OR 3.7, CI 1.2-11.9, p = 0.028), and pulmonary edema (OR 4.1 CI 1.4-1.5, p = 0.008). It was not, however a statistically significant predictor of mortality (p = 0.075).\Question: Does hypernatremia predict adverse cardiovascular and neurological outcomes after SAH?
[EX A]: In the acute period after SAH, hypernatremia is associated with adverse cardiac outcomes and death. SAH patients with hypernatremia should be monitored for evidence of cardiac dysfunction.

[EX Q]: Context: To compare rates of undertriage and overtriage of six ambulance dispatch protocols for the presenting complaint of nontraumatic abdominal pain, and to identify the optimal protocol.', 'Retrospective prehospital and emergency department chart review to classify patients\' conditions as "emergency" or "nonemergency." Utility analysis was used to identify the preferred protocol and monetary cost-effectiveness analysis to identify the least expensive protocol.', 'County emergency medical services (EMS) system with five receiving hospitals serving a mainly urban population of approximately 350,000.', 'Records of 902 patients who called 911 for nontraumatic abdominal pain were reviewed; patients not transported were excluded. Twenty-seven county EMS medical directors completed questionnaires.', 'Six ambulance dispatch protocols for nontraumatic abdominal pain were developed: indiscriminate-dispatch, four selective protocols, and no-dispatch. A dichotomous classification system was derived prospectively from the prehospital and medical records of patients who had activated the EMS system before the study period to define "emergency" and "nonemergency" conditions associated with nontraumatic abdominal pain. Emergency criteria identified patients with conditions requiring medical treatment within 1 hour. Reviewers determined, for each patient, whether an ambulance would have been dispatched by each of the protocols. Undertriage and overtriage rates were calculated for each protocol. County EMS medical directors assigned utility values to four potential outcomes of ambulance dispatch by the direct scaling method. The outcomes comprised correct and incorrect decisions to dispatch ambulances to patients with and without emergencies. The protocols were compared by decision analysis. A cost analysis was also performed, using an estimated marginal cost per transport of $302. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the effect of varying the cost of an undertriage error and the cost per response. Of the 788 patients included in the study, 7.8% had conditions defined as emergencies. The four selective ambulance dispatch protocols had overtriage rates ranging from 10% to 51% and undertriage rates of 4% to 7%. None of the protocols was proven superior on the basis of the medical directors\' assignment of utility values. The marginal cost of dispatching advanced life support ambulances to all patients with this complaint was $3,838 per emergency.\Question: Do comparison of ambulance dispatch protocols for nontraumatic abdominal pain?
[EX A]: The majority of patients with nontraumatic abdominal pain who requested ambulance transport during the study period did not have conditions that were classified as emergencies. In the study model, if an undertriage error costs more than $3,674, indiscriminate ambulance dispatch is the least expensive protocol, and if an undertriage error costs less than $3,674, no ambulance dispatch is the least expensive strategy.

[EX Q]: Context: Oxidative stress often occurs in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. The objective of our study was to investigate the interrelationship between oxidative stress and the degree of renal anemia.', 'In 107 consecutive HD patients, serum concentrations of two major aldehydic lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and of protein carbonyls were analyzed as parameters of oxidative stress and related to the degree of renal anemia. Additionally, in 76 patients treated with epoetin long-term changes in the serum levels of aldehydic LPO products were observed.', 'In HD patients, serum levels of HNE, MDA, and protein carbonyls are increased in comparison to controls. The lower the hemoglobin, i.e. the stronger the degree of renal anemia, the higher the serum concentrations of HNE, MDA, and protein carbonyls. The HNE and MDA levels decreased during HD. Long-term studies on the correction of renal anemia by epoetin demonstrated a mitigation of oxidative stress during this therapy. During periods of 1 and 2 years, it was observed that the serum levels of HNE and MDA could be reduced.\Question: Is oxidative stress in renal anemia of hemodialysis patients mitigated by epoetin treatment?
[EX A]:
Chronic renal failure is connected with oxidative stress which correlates with the degree of renal anemia, and the serum levels of aldehydic LPO products could be reduced during correction of renal anemia by epoetin.