Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: The combined effects of Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) infections and their effects on cancer cell radioresistance are unexplored.', 'An HPV16-positive hypopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (UD-SCC-2) was infected with wt-HSV-1 at low multiplicity of infection (MOI) and irradiated with 2 Gy at 24 h postinfection. Viability assays and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR for HPV16 E6, E7, nuclear factor kappa B1, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), and caspases 3, 8 and 9 at 24, and 72 h, as well as immunocytochemistry for BCL2, caspase 3, cyclin E, mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), HSV-1 and Ki-67 were performed at 144 h postirradiation.', 'At 144 h, cell viability was significantly lowered by irradiation only in uninfected cells. Infection combined with irradiation resulted in increased expression of E6, E7, BCL2 and NF-κB1 at 144 h. Simultaneously, E6 and E7 were down-regulated in non-irradiated infected cells. Irradiation and infection with 0.00001 MOI separately up-regulated caspase 3 but infection with 0.0001 MOI halved its expression in irradiated cells.

Answer: 0


Question: To determine whether a paper-based antibiotic ordering system is an effective antibiotic stewardship measure.', 'An antibiotic order form (AOF) was introduced in July 2001 at a pediatric tertiary care hospital. Vancomycin courses prescribed before and after the AOF introduction were retrospectively reviewed based on Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee guidelines. The impact of the AOF on the appropriateness of vancomycin prescribing was evaluated in univariate and multivariable analyses that adjusted for other factors associated with appropriateness of vancomycin use. The density of vancomycin use after introduction of the AOF was also assessed.', 'Compliance with the AOF was poor (<50%) during the planned study period; therefore an additional 2 months of improved compliance (70-80%) were included. Rates of inappropriate vancomycin use increased during the study periods: 35% before AOF; 39% post-AOF; and 51% during the improved compliance period. On adjusted analysis, vancomycin utilization was significantly more inappropriate after introduction of the AOF. Vancomycin doses per 1000 patient days increased after introduction of the AOF.

Answer: 1


Question: The goal of the present study was to identify predictors of event-free survival in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) patients after administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and beta-blockers.', "The study group comprised 78 consecutive patients with NIDCM between 1997 and 2002. NIDCM was defined as ejection fraction (EF) <0.40 and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) >55 mm on echocardiography and normal coronary angiography. The mean EF and LVEDD was 26.3 +/- 10.5%, and 62.9 +/- 7.1 mm, respectively. Patients were treated with optimal medical therapy including ACEI/ARBs and/or beta-blockers and followed up for 35.6 +/- 27.8 months. The primary endpoint was either cardiac death or hospitalization because of deterioration of heart failure. Cox's regression analysis was used to establish the association of age, sex, EF, LVEDD, left atrial diameter, cardiac index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, QRS duration, severity of mitral regurgitation, body mass index, New York Heart Association class and the presence of atrial fibrillation with these events. During follow-up, 23 patients reached the primary endpoint. In a multivariate analysis, EF (chi-square 5.74, p=0.0166), severity of mitral regurgitation (chi-square 12.31, p=0.0004), and QRS duration (chi-square 11.20, p=0.0008) remained significant predictors.

Answer:
0