In this task, you are given a paper review. Based on the review, your job is to identify language and generate "en" if the review is in English or generate "es" if the review is in Spanish. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].

[EX Q]: In this paper, the authors propose a new method to learn hierarchical representations of sentences, based on reinforcement learning. They propose to learn a neural shift-reduce parser, such that the induced tree structures lead to good performance on a downstream task. They use reinforcement learning (more specifically, the policy gradient method REINFORCE) to learn their model. The reward of the algorithm is the evaluation metric of the downstream task. The authors compare two settings, (1) no structure information is given (hence, the only supervision comes from the downstream task) and (2) actions from an external parser is used as supervision to train the policy network, in addition to the supervision from the downstream task. The proposed approach is evaluated on four tasks: sentiment analysis, semantic relatedness, textual entailment and sentence generation.  I like the idea of learning tree representations of text which are useful for a downstream task. The paper is clear and well written. However, I am not convinced by the experimental results presented in the paper. Indeed, on most tasks, the proposed model is far from state-of-the-art models:  - sentiment analysis, 86.5 v.s. 89.7 (accuracy);  - semantic relatedness, 0.32 v.s. 0.25 (MSE);  - textual entailment, 80.5 v.s. 84.6 (accuracy). From the results presented in the paper, it is hard to know if these results are due to the model, or because of the reinforcement learning algorithm.  PROS:  - interesting idea: learning structures of sentences adapted for a downstream task.  - well written paper. CONS:  - weak experimental results (do not really support the claim of the authors).  Minor comments: In the second paragraph of the introduction, one might argue that bag-of-words is also a predominant approach to represent sentences. Paragraph titles (e.g. in section 3.2) should have a period at the end.  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UPDATE  I am still not convinced by the results presented in the paper, and in particular by the fact that one must combine the words in a different way than left-to-right to obtain state of the art results. However, I do agree that this is an interesting research direction, and that the results presented in the paper are promising. I am thus updating my score from 5 to 6.
[EX A]: en

[EX Q]: The paper presents a medical test based on images of tissue sections. The approach proposed to cancer cells segmentation (membrane localisation) is based on local pixel features and SVM classification.  The paper describes quite well the practical problem it deals with (cancer cells segmentation on images) and it is generally well written.  - The paper approach described in the paper seems a first try on the problem and follows others in a quite similar (but new) problem. Moreover, the paper concludes that the proposed approach is not good enough.  - The features used for classification lacks of frequency information around each pixel (although it used the first derivative with sobel). Most texture descriptors in the literature use frequency information from gabor wavelets, fourier coefficients, DCT, etc. Why not use this kind of information? Why you have chosen this 7 features and not other ones? The paper lacks of experimental evaluation on different features sets.
[EX A]: en

[EX Q]: Abstract  •This paper presents a study of the security of software products, life cycle, risks and costs associated --> This paper presents a study of the security of software products, the life cycle, the risks and the associated costs  •This article is part of a research postgraduate --> This article is a part of a postgraduate research  •in turn to the people --> an at the same time its affects the people….  •The fundamental purpose of this article rests on whether --> The fundamental purpose of this paper rests on determining whether  •Left open the possibility of an empirical study --> Left open the possibility of  performing an empirical study  Introducción  •“Los errores en un software pueden provocar daños irreversibles como la pérdida de vidas humanas” --> si bien esto es cierto depende del tipo de software y el entorno en el cual esté funcionando, por lo que recomiendo especificar en qué entornos y/o situaciones el software puede causar la pérdida de vidas humanas  Desarrollo de Software Seguro  •Mejorar la calidad de la Figura 1  •Recomiendo modificar la Figura 2, ya que su único objetivo es mostrar el  ciclo de vida, por lo que es suficiente incluir las fases, ya las actividades de cada fase de describen en la Tabla 1  Riesgos y costos asociados a la ausencia de seguridad  •[29]--> la referencia se lista por orden de aparición en este caso le corresponde el número 10  •Definir: Cm, Cs y Cn  Análisis de la tecnología y su influencia en la seguridad  •Revisar la Figura 3: (1) ¿será que están intercambiadas los títulos de las columnas de los años?; (2) recomiendo dar una explicación a los elementos de la tabla; (3) a que te refieres con change y los símbolos de la columna  •Recomiendo agregar en la sección de sistemas operativos y tecnología de autenticación algo sobre las vulnerabilidades encontradas en esta tecnología. Seguridad y tecnología  •Revisar la tabla 3: (1) título de columna: posibilidad de incorporación --> posibilidad de incorporación al ciclo de seguridad  •En la tabla 2 mencionas tecnología, momento de decisión y etapa de uso, que luego no concuerda con lo la Tabla 3 o al menos eso entiendo, por lo que recomiendo hacer una descripción justificando los valores que asignaste en la tabla, para resaltar la aportación  Referencia  •No date = (nd)  •Revisar referencia 16 -->”la Casa”?  •Referencia 20 y 22 está repetida
[EX A]:
es