Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: The age gap between participants in trials and patients who could benefit from the drugs studied has been widely documented across different clinical areas. Patients with dementia included in clinical research are systematically younger than those in the general population. We examined the age gap between participants in recent clinical trials testing interventions for Alzheimer's disease and epidemiological data.", "We systematically searched literature databases (MedLine, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library) and ClinicalTrials.gov from 2000 to July 2015 to retrieve clinical trials testing pharmacologic treatments for Alzheimer's disease, other than cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. We included ongoing and completed phase II/III randomized clinical trials, irrespective of their publication status. From each study reporting the participants' ages, we extracted size of sample, mean age, and standard deviation, and estimated the proportions of participants in different age classes. The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease by age class in the USA population was used for comparison.", "We included 165 clinical trials testing almost 100 different compounds, which enrolled or planned to enroll about 74,300 participants. Seventy-nine of these trials, accounting for about 26,800 participants, reported the age of the participants. The weighted mean age was 73.6 years (standard deviation, 8.2). People younger than 80 years were highly represented in clinical trials (78 %), despite the fact that those aged 80 and older form the majority (72 %) of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Only 8 % of clinical trial participants were 85 years or older.

A: Are older patients still under-represented in clinical trials of Alzheimer 's disease?
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Q: Elevated levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but several questions remain outstanding. Firstly, it has not yet been determined whether an additional BNP sample at 7 weeks post ACS would enhance risk prediction. Secondly, we assessed whether the prognostic potential of BNP in ACS could be explained by echocardiographic abnormalities such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).', 'We measured bedside BNP levels in 443 consecutive patients presenting with ACS and at 7 weeks outpatient follow-up. Main outcome measure was either all-cause mortality, readmission with ACS, or congestive heart failure) at 10 months from presentation.', 'Of the 443 patients, 120 patients presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (27%). There were 90 cardiovascular (CV) events at 10 months. Adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, renal dysfunction, left ventricular ejection fraction, and echocardiographic LVH elevated near patient BNP levels (>80 pg/mL) were still associated with subsequent CV events when measured on admission (adjusted relative risk [RR] 2.63 [95% CI 1.34-5.19)] and also at 7 weeks post ACS (adjusted RR 4.12 [95% CI 1.58-10.72]). Patients with persistent BNP elevation at 7 weeks were also at an increased risk of CV events compared to those with an initial high BNP which then fell (unadjusted RR 4.04 [95% CI 1.24-13.15]).

A: Does serial bedside B-type natriuretic peptide strongly predict prognosis in acute coronary syndrome independent of echocardiographic abnormalities?
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Q: Fragile X premutation carriers (fXPCs) have an expansion of 55-200 CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene. Male fXPCs are at risk for developing a neurodegenerative motor disorder (FXTAS) often accompanied by inhibitory control impairments, even in fXPCs without motor symptoms. Inhibitory control impairments might precede, and thus indicate elevated risk for motor impairment associated with FXTAS. We tested whether inhibitory impairments are observable in fXPCs by assessing oculomotor performance.', 'Participants were males aged 18-48 years asymptomatic for FXTAS. FXPCs (n = 21) and healthy age-matched controls (n = 22) performed four oculomotor tasks. In a Fixation task, participants fixated on a central cross and maintained gaze position when a peripheral stimulus appeared. In a Pursuit task, participants maintained gaze on a square moving at constant velocity. In a Prosaccade task, participants fixated on a central cross, then looked at a peripheral stimulus. An Antisaccade task was identical to the Prosaccade task, except participants looked in the direction opposite the stimulus. Inhibitory cost was the difference in saccade latency between the Antisaccade and Prosaccade tasks.', 'Relative to controls, fXPCs had longer saccade latency in the Antisaccade task. In fXPCs, inhibitory cost was positively associated with vermis area in lobules VI-VII.

A:
Do eye movements reveal impaired inhibitory control in adult male fragile X premutation carriers asymptomatic for FXTAS?
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