In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Q: Context: To describe the findings of enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the lamina cribrosa (LC) in glaucoma and pachychoroid spectrum diseases associated with peripapillary retinoschisis.', 'Retrospective, observational case series.', 'A total of 16 patients from 1 institution.', 'Detailed medical case histories, optic disc and retinal imaging with EDI using the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), and clinical course were reviewed for patients with peripapillary retinoschisis without a known predisposing condition.', 'Clinical features and findings of the EDI OCT.', 'Among the 16 eyes with peripapillary retinoschisis that had abnormal findings on EDI of the LC, 8 had glaucoma and 8 had pachychoroid spectrum diseases, including chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) (6 eyes), small pigment epithelium detachment (1 eye), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) (1 eye). The abnormal LC findings were central or peripheral focal LC defects in eyes with glaucoma and LC disinsertions or peripheral focal LC defects in eyes with pachychoroid spectrum diseases. Central LC defects were related to inner layer retinoschisis, whereas LC disinsertions and peripheral LC defects were related to outer layer retinoschisis. The peripapillary retinoschisis did not show a topographic association with the underlying chronic CSC- or PCV-associated lesions. In 6 treated eyes with pachychoroid, peripapillary retinoschisis resolved along with subretinal fluid after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection in 4 eyes, whereas retinoschisis persisted after the resolution of subretinal fluid in 2 eyes.\Question: Do alterations of the Lamina Cribrosa Are Associated with Peripapillary Retinoschisis in Glaucoma and Pachychoroid Spectrum Disease?

A: Enhanced depth imaging OCT of the LC demonstrated alterations associated with peripapillary retinoschisis, pachychoroid spectrum diseases, and glaucoma.
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Q: Context: To determine the effect of introducing a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) D-dimer on the percentage of emergency department (ED) patients evaluated for pulmonary embolism (PE), the use of associated laboratory testing, pulmonary vascular imaging, and the diagnoses of PE.', 'Patients evaluated for PE during three 120-day periods were enrolled: immediately before (period 1), immediately after (period 2), and one year after the introduction of a rapid ELISA D-dimer in the hospital. The frequency of ED patients evaluated for PE with any test, with D-dimer testing, and with pulmonary vascular imaging and the frequency of PE diagnosis during each time period were determined.', 'The percentage of patients evaluated for PE nearly doubled; from 1.36% (328/24,101) in period 1 to 2.58% (654/25,318) in period 2 and 2.42% (583/24,093) in period 3. The percentage of patients who underwent D-dimer testing increased more than fourfold; from 0.39% (93/24,101) in period 1 to 1.83% (464/25,318) in period 2 and 1.77% (427/24,093) in period 3. The percentage of patients who underwent pulmonary vascular imaging increased from 1.02% (247/24,101) in period 1 to 1.36% (344/25,318) in period 2 and to 1.39% (334/24,093) in period 3. There was no difference in the percentage of patients diagnosed as having PE in period 1 (0.20% [47/24,101]), period 2 (0.27% [69/25,318]), and period 3 (0.24% [58/24,093]).\Question: Does a highly sensitive ELISA D-dimer increase testing but not diagnosis of pulmonary embolism?

A: In the study's academic ED, introduction of ELISA D-dimer testing was accompanied by an increase in PE evaluations, D-dimer testing, and pulmonary vascular imaging; there was no observed change in the rate of PE diagnosis.
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Q: Context: Pain in infancy is a developmental process. Due to the underdeveloped pain pathways in the spinal cord, the threshold of stimulation and sensation of pain is low at birth and has potential impacts on increasing the central effects of pain. Primary trauma during infancy can cause long term changes in structure and function of pain pathways that continue until adulthood. Lack of pain management in children can result in morbidity and mortality.', 'In this study we examined the duration of post-operative analgesia in children when clonidine is added to bupivacaine in caudal anesthesia.', 'In this clinical trial, 40 children aged 1-8 years who were candidates for elective inguinal hernia repair were studied. Induction and maintenance of anesthesia were achieved using sodium thiopenthal, halothane and nitrous oxide. Children were randomly divided into 2 groups in a double-blind fashion, and were given caudal anesthesia with 0.125% bupivacaine (1ml/kg) alone or b bupivacaine plus 2 μg/kg clonidine. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded peri-operatively. Analgesia was evaluated using objective pain scale (OPS) and sedation was assessed using Ramsay sedation scale (RSS). Acetaminophen was administered rectally for cases with OPS score greater than five.', 'Duration of analgesia was found to be significantly longer in the group given bupivacaine plus clonidine (mean 417.50 min vs. 162.00 min). Peri-operative hypotension or bradycardia, post-operative respiratory depression, nausea or vomiting were not recorded in any patient.\Question: Does addition of clonidine in caudal anesthesia in children increase duration of post-operative analgesia?

A:
We concluded that addition of clonidine to bupivacaine prolongs the duration of post-operative analgesia without any respiratory or hemodynamic side-effects.
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