instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: Ovarian cancer is a well-known disease with a poor prognosis. Due to the relatively small number of cases in Taiwan, the outcome and prognostic factors of patients with primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma are unknown.', "We retrospectively studied patients with proven surgical and pathologic (Federation Internationale de Gynecologie et d'Obstetrique) FIGO IIIC primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma. All patients underwent standard staging surgery, including washing cytology, total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, infracolic omentectomy and excisional biopsy of all suspicious lesions followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with four to 12 courses of cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and cisplatin (CEP) or cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and cisplatin (CAP) intravenously, every three weeks. To avoid the coeffects of chemotherapy and surgical procedures upon the outcome, patients who received paclitaxel-based regimens or underwent incomplete surgery were excluded. Ninety-eight patients from 1990 to 1996 were identified.", 'The mean follow-up time was 28.7 months, ranging from 5.4 months to 105.9 months. The cumulative five-year disease-free survival rate for all patients was 31.6%. Optimal debulking surgery was completed in 41.8% of patients, which contributed to long-term patient survival (54% vs 16%, p < 0.0001), compared to patients without optimal debulking surgery. Optimal debulking surgery was the only statistically significant independent prognostic factor for five-year disease-free survival using multivariate analysis.
Answer: To improve survival of patients with FIGO stage IIIC epithelial ovarian carcinoma, optimal debulking surgery should be performed as the initial form of surgical intervention.
answer:
Is optimal debulking surgery an independent prognostic factor in patients with FIGO IIIC primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma?


question:
Context: A cross-sectional study.', 'This study aims to investigate the correlation of the cervical canal and spinal cord size, and evaluate whether the size of the spinal cord relative to the spinal canal is a risk factor for development of cervical spinal cord compression (SCC).', 'There is little knowledge regarding the relationship between cervical bony canal and spinal cord diameters. Although developmental canal stenosis has been recognized as a risk factor for SCC, the size of the spinal cord relative to the spinal canal has not been similarly discussed.', 'Cervical canal anteroposterior (AP) diameters on X-rays and AP diameters and cross-sectional areas of dural sacs and spinal cords on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were measured in 1211 healthy volunteers. Correlation between cervical canal diameter on X-rays and AP diameter and cross-sectional area of dural sacs and spinal cords on MRI were assessed. The ratio of the AP diameter of the spinal cord/dural sac was compared between subjects with and without SCC.', 'Spinal canal diameters were not highly correlated with spinal cord AP diameters and cross-sectional areas, although spinal canal diameters were significantly correlated with dural sac AP diameters. The individual difference in the ratio of the AP diameter of the spinal cord/dural sac was large (35%-93%), and the ratio was significantly larger in the subjects with SCC. An AP diameter ratio more than 62% at the C2 to C3 disc level is a risk factor for developing SCC.
Answer: The spinal cord diameter was independent of the spinal canal diameter and the relative size of a spinal cord and spinal canal differed on an individual basis. In addition, the ratio of spinal cord/dural sac in subjects with SCC was significantly larger. Therefore, a relatively large spinal cord could be a risk factor for SCC.
answer:
Is relatively Large Cervical Spinal Cord for Spinal Canal a Risk factor for Development of Cervical Spinal Cord Compression : A Cross-Sectional Study of 1211 Subjects?


question:
Context: Chemotaxis is an important step during the invasion of carcinoma cells. And integrins are most important receptors mediating interaction between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). This study was designed to study integrin beta1 mediating chemotaxis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to laminin(LN).', 'A micropipette technique was adopted to investigate the effect of blockade of integrin beta1 on pseudopod protrusion of HCC cells in response to LN stimulation. Chemotactic pseudopod protrusion of a HCC cell was evaluated using a dual-pipette set-up, in which two pipettes filled with LN solution were positioned in close contact with the same cell, and pseudopod protrusion into each pipette was viewed dynamically and recorded with a tape recorder. The lengths of pseudopods were measured and plotted against time to obtain a pseudopod growth curve. The integrin beta1 subunit on the surfaces of HCC cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.', 'In dual pipette chemotaxis experiment, when the two pipettes were filled with LN(50 microg/ml, 200 microg/ml), pseudopods extended from the HCC cell into each of the pipettes nearly symmetrically, ie, with nearly identical maximum pseudopod length and similar pseudopod growth curves. Upon addition of anti-CD29 (20 microg/ml) to one of the pipettes, pseudopod protrusion was blocked nearly completely while protrusion into the opposite pipette became more evidently, with a larger maximum length. Expression of integrin beta1 was up to 95.78% to cells chosen in the experiment.
Answer: Integrin beta1 subunit was an important constituent receptor subunit for mediating chemotactic pseudopod protrusion of HCC cell to LN.
answer:

Does integrin beta1 mediate hepatocellular carcinoma cells chemotaxis to laminin?