In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Q: Context: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) as important human pathogens are causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. Burn patients are at a higher risk of local and systemic infections with these microorganisms.', 'A screening method for MRSA by using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), mecA, and nuc genes was developed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of this PCR assay for the detection of MRSA strains in samples from burn patients.', 'During an 11-month period, 230 isolates (53.11%) of Staphylococcus spp. were collected from burn patients. The isolates were identified as S. aureus by using standard culture and biochemical tests. DNA was extracted from bacterial colonies and multiplex PCR was used to detect MRSA and MRCoNS strains.', 'Of the staphylococci isolates, 149 (64.9%) were identified as S. aureus and 81 (35.21%) were described as CoNS. Among the latter, 51 (62.97%) were reported to be MRCoNS. From the total S. aureus isolates, 132 (88.6%) were detected as MRSA and 17 (11.4%) were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). The presence of the mecA gene in all isolates was confirmed by using multiplex PCR as a gold standard method.\Question: Do identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) strains isolated from burn patients by multiplex PCR?

A: This study presented a high MRSA rate in the region under investigation. The 16S rRNA-mecA-nuc multiplex PCR is a good tool for the rapid characterization of MRSA strains. This paper emphasizes the need for preventive measures and choosing effective antimicrobials against MRSA and MRCoNS infections in the burn units.
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Q: Context: We study the Azospirillum brasilense tolerance to water deficit and the dynamics of adaptive process at the level of the membrane.', 'Azospirillum brasilense was exposed to polyethylene glycol (PEG) growth and PEG shock. Tolerance, phospholipids and fatty acid (FA) composition and membrane fluidity were determined. Azospirillum brasilense was able to grow in the presence of PEG; however, its viability was reduced. Cells grown with PEG showed membrane fluidity similar to those grown without, the lipid composition was modified, increasing phosphatidylcholine and decreasing phosphatidylethanolamine amounts. The unsaturation FAs degree was reduced. The dynamics of the adaptive response revealed a decrease in fluidity 20\xa0min after the addition of PEG, indicating that the PEG has a fluidizing effect on the hydrophobic region of the cell membrane. Fluidity returned to initial values after 60\xa0min of PEG exposure.\Question: Is reorganization of Azospirillum brasilense cell membrane mediated by lipid composition adjustment to maintain optimal fluidity during water deficit?

A: Azospirillum brasilense is able to perceive osmotic changes by changing the membrane fluidity. This effect is offset by changes in the composition of membrane phospholipid and FA, contributing to the homeostasis of membrane fluidity under water deficit.
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Q: Context: Oxygen free radicals and apoptosis play important roles in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We sought to investigate the protective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to attenuate liver I/R injury due to oxygen free radicals and apoptosis.', 'Harvested rat livers were perfused via the portal vein with 60 mL of 4 degrees C histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution alone in the control group, or with the same solution containing CGRP (3 microg/10 g body weight) in the experimental group. After 24 hours of cold storage, hepatic enzyme leakage, portal venous pressure, oxygen consumption, total adenine nucleotides (TAN), bile production, lipoperoxide (LPO) release, apoptosis, and histochemical changes were evaluated upon 45 minutes of isolated reperfusion.', "Compared with control livers, CGRP-treated organs showed significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glutamate-lactate dehydrogenase (GLDH) leakage and portal venous pressure (2.0 +/- 0.3 vs 4.0 +/- 0.4 mmHg; P < .01), with significantly increased bile production (8.56 +/- 0.76 vs 3.34 +/- 0.68 microL/g/45 min; P < .01), oxygen consumption (5.14 +/- 0.4 vs 2.57 +/- 0.2 microL/g/min; P < .01), and total adenine nucleotides (TAN) (11.1 +/- 0.71 vs 7.02 +/- 0.53 micromol/g; P < .01) upon reperfusion as signs of recovered viability. We observed infrequent positive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, especially in sinusoidal lining cells (SLC). The percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the CGRP group was significantly decreased compared with the control group: (4.1 +/- 0.67 vs 8.0 +/- 1.27; P < .05). Perfusate levels of low molecular weight (LMW) histone-associated DNA fragments (0.36 +/- 0.04 vs 0.53 +/- 0.06 AU; P < .05) were also decreased, coupled with strong 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) and LDH activity staining concentrated on the endothelial cells. LPO release in the perfusate was largely decreased: (0.12 +/- 0.02 vs 0.36 +/- 0.04 nmoL/g, P < .01).\Question: Does pretreatment with calcitonin gene-related peptide attenuate hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats?

A:
CGRP ameliorated liver I/R injury due to reactive oxygen species and apoptosis.
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