Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: Progression of pulmonary vascular disease limits heart transplantation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) to early infancy. Our objective was to assess the impact of bilateral pulmonary artery banding (PAB) on the operative courses of HLHS infants transplanted at ages older than 4 months.', 'Courses of all HLHS patients in our center who remained listed to age >or=120 days before heart transplantation were assessed. Patients undergoing transplantation after standard management (control group) were compared to patients having a prior pulmonary blood flow limiting procedure (PAB group).', 'Of 16 identified patients, one crossed over to stage I Norwood on day 185 and died post-operatively. Fifteen patients were transplanted at age >or=120 days (control group n=9, PAB group n=6). Four PAB patients had open PA band placement. Two PAB patients underwent experimental percutaneous bilateral internal pulmonary artery flow limiting device insertion. The PAB group mean age at banding was 141+/-54 days, and mean interval from PAB to transplant was 35+/-31 days (range 1.5-68 days). No differences in age at transplant, weight at transplant, warm graft ischemia time or total graft ischemia time were detected between groups. Mean times of mechanical ventilation (control 143+/-69h vs. PAB 44+/-13h), inhaled nitric oxide (control 126+/-70h vs. PAB 37+/-9h), inotropic support (control 171+/-64h vs. PAB 87+/-17h), intensive care unit (ICU) stay (control 8.3+/-2.7 days vs. PAB 4.5+/-1.4 days), and hospital stay (control 10.4+/-3.9 days vs. PAB 7.0+/-1.1 days) were all lower in the PAB group (P<0.05 all comparisons). Two control patients died, three required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and six did not tolerate primary chest closure. No PAB patient died or required ECMO. All PAB patients tolerated primary chest closure. All PAB patients had widely patent branch pulmonary arteries with no re-interventions to date. All hospital survivors remain alive (mean follow-up, control 50.2 months, PAB 11.5 months).

Answer: 1


Question: To examine the lipid profile in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients and their relationship with anthropometric parameters, glycaemic control and cardiovascular mortality.', 'A consecutive cohort of 562 newly referred patients with type 2 diabetes to a hospital-based diabetes centre were examined in 1996. Subjects treated with lipid lowering drugs at the time of referral were excluded. A total of 517 subjects were followed up over a mean (+/-SD) period of 4.6 +/- 0.9 years. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin and lipid profile and anthropometric parameters were documented at the time of recruitment. Cardiovascular mortality, mainly due to coronary heart disease and stroke, was ascertained using death registry and review of hospital case notes in 2001.', 'Of the 517 subjects (mean age of 54.0 +/- 14.0 years), 42.6% were men. In this cohort, 63.3% of subjects were either overweight (BMI > or = 23 kg/m2) or obese (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) using Asian criteria. The mean (+/-SD) total cholesterol (TC), LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) and geometric mean (x// antilog SD) of triglycerides (TG) were 5.6 +/- 1.3 mmol/L, 3.6 +/- 1.1 mmol/L, 1.3 +/- 0.3 mmol/L and 1.46x//1.90 mmol/L respectively. TC and LDL-C correlated positively with HbA1c, HDL-C negatively with BMI and WC (waist circumference), while TG positively with HbA1c, BMI, WC and HOMA (insulin resistance estimated using the homeostasis model assessment). During the 4.6 years follow-up period, there were 61 deaths giving a total mortality rate of 11.4%, of which 15 (25%) were because of cardiovascular events. Apart from age and disease duration, logarithm of TG was significantly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.049, relative risk = 2.97, 95% CI 1.00-8.77).

Answer: 0


Question: The molecular mechanisms of the vasoconstrictor responses evoked by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have not been clearly elucidated in skeletal muscle arterioles.', 'Changes in diameter of isolated, cannulated and pressurized gracilis muscle arterioles (GAs) of Wistar-Kyoto rats were determined under various test conditions. H2O2 (10-100 µM) evoked concentration-dependent constrictions in the GAs, which were inhibited by endothelium removal, or by antagonists of phospholipase A (PLA; 100 µM 7,7-dimethyl-(5Z,8Z)-eicosadienoic acid), protein kinase C (PKC; 10 µM chelerythrine), phospholipase C (PLC; 10 µM U-73122), or Src family tyrosine kinase (Src kinase; 1 µM Src Inhibitor-1). Antagonists of thromboxane A2 (TXA2; 1 µM SQ-29548) or the non-specific cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin (10 µM) converted constrictions to dilations. The COX-1 inhibitor (SC-560, 1 µM) demonstrated a greater reduction in constriction and conversion to dilation than that of COX-2 (celecoxib, 3 µM). H2O2 did not elicit significant changes in arteriolar Ca(2+) levels measured with Fura-2.

Answer:
1