In this task, we ask you to rewrite a sentence in simple English without changing its general meaning. Essentially, you want to make the sentence easier to read by using simpler words, utilizing more straightforward sentence structures, and omitting non-essential information etc.
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Question: When other constituent republics of the Soviet Union advanced claims to sovereignty in 1988 and 1989 , Turkmenia 's leadership also began to criticize Moscow 's economic and political policies as exploitative and detrimental to the well-being and pride of the Turkmen .

Answer: When other Soviet republics claimed sovereignty over their territory in 1988 and 1989 , Turkmenia 's leadership also began to criticize Moscow 's economic and political policies .


Question: " Apartheid " is an Afrikaans word meaning " separateness " , or " the state of being apart " , literally " apart-hood " ( from Afrikaans " -heid " ) .

Answer: The word " apartheid " means " separateness " in the Afrikaans language .


Question: Keith Richards ( born 18 December 1943 ) is an English musician , singer , and songwriter , best known as the co-founder , guitarist , secondary vocalist , and co-principal songwriter of the Rolling Stones .

Answer:
Keith Richards ( born 18 December 1943 ) is an English guitarist best known as a founder member of the Rolling Stones .