In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Q: This pathway is inhibited by a deficiency that causes a precursor molecule to be lacking, known as Tauri's Disease, which is a deficiency of the Phosphofructokinase enzyme. A reverse of this reaction is used by bacteria to synthesize carbon compounds from CO2 and water. Its third step sees cis Aconitate attacked by Aconitase and hydrated to release water. Its ninth step sees an addition reaction between Fumarate and the Fumarase enzyme. During its first turn, it produces one GTP, three NADH, one FADH2, and two CO2. FTP, name this pathway, occurring directly before the electron transport chain in cellular respiration, also known as the Citric Acid Cycle.

A: Science
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Q: This philosopher claimed that mathematics instills "a habit of reasoning closely and in train" in a work which also argues that those who know a smattering of everything are far from attaining truth. This author of On the Conduct of the Understanding also argued that having a variety of religious groups helps prevent civil unrest but condemned Roman Catholics and atheists in A (*) Letter Concerning Toleration. This thinker postulated that the role of government was to protect its people's natural rights of life, liberty, and property and claimed that the mind was a "tabula rasa" in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. For ten points, name this English Enlightenment philosopher who discussed the social contract in his Two Treatises of Government.

A: Social Science
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Q: One corollary to this equation gives the ratio of activity to mole fraction for the constituents of a binary system as the ratio of derivatives of activities with respect to mole fractions at constant pressure and temperature. It can be derived by substituting the temperature and pressure Maxwell relations into the usual differential of the Gibbs function, then equating the differential of the definition of the Gibbs function as a sum over species only. It sets differential pressure time volume equal to entropy times differential temperature plus sum over species of particle number times differential chemical potential. For 10 points, name this equation used in the usual derivation of the rule that the number of species plus the number of degrees of freedom minus the number of phases equals two.

A:
Science
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