TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).
PROBLEM: Context: The Canadian titles debate has been ongoing since the presentation to the Canadian House of Commons of the Nickle Resolution in 1917. This resolution marked the earliest attempt to establish a Canadian government policy requesting the sovereign not to grant knighthoods, baronetcies, and peerages to Canadians and set the precedent for later policies restricting Canadians from accepting titles from foreign countries. Dissatisfaction with the British honours system led to the gradual creation of a separate system for Canada., Louise Lecavalier , OC ( born October 3 , 1958 ) is a Canadian dancer , known as one of the icons of Canadian contemporary dance . Lecavalier was born and raised in Montreal , Canada . She began her professional dance career at the age of eighteen when she joined Le Groupe Nouvelle Aire . It was there that she met Édouard Lock . Lecavalier became Lock 's main character and inspiration in his company La La La Human Steps . With her mane of platinum dreadlocks , her physical power and her mastery of the full - body barrel jump , which looks like a horizontal pirouette , her image was a signature for the company . She was the perfect embodiment of Lock 's frenetic and technically punishing androgynous aesthetic in works such as Human Sex ( 1985 ) and Infante , c'est destroy ( 1991 ) . She joined La La La Human Steps in 1981 for its production of Oranges and went on to perform in each of the company 's productions up until Salt in 1998 . In 1985 , Louise Lecavalier became the first Canadian to win a Bessie Award in New York for her performance in Businessman in the Process of Becoming an Angel ( 1983 ) . The London Times critic found Lock 's `` extravagant '' play poor but stated that there were `` ... two women who seemed quite skilled at performing various odd dance steps ; the fair - haired one ( Louise Lecavalier ) had a pleasing bravado whenever the production gave her half a chance . '' She danced in Human Sex ( 1985 ) , New Demons ( 1987 ) , Infante , c'est destroy ( 1991 ) and finally , 2 ( 1995 ) and Salt ( 1998 ) . Lecavalier also participated in each of La La La 's major collaborations , including David Bowie 's Sound + Vision Tour in 1990 and Fame ' 90 music video , The Yellow Shark concerts , performed by Frank Zappa and Germany 's Ensemble Modern in Frankfurt , Berlin , and Vienna in 1992 , and the film Inspirations from director Michael Apted in 1996 . In May 1999 , Louise Lecavalier received the Jean A. Chalmers National Award , Canada 's most distinguished dance prize . In 2003 , she appeared with Tedd Robinson in Lula and the Sailor as part of a concert of duets choreographed by Robinson . In the winter of 2005 , she co-produced Cobalt Rouge with the National Arts Centre in Ottawa , the Biennale di Venezia and Théâtre de la Ville in Paris . The work features Lecavalier with dancers Marc Boivin , Masaharu Imazu , and Tedd Robinson , and musician / composer Yannick Rieu . Lecavalier has been a guest teacher at New York University on several occasions and continues to perform as an independent artist . In 2008 , she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada . On April 7 , 2010 she was awarded the Order of Canada . On December 7 , 2012 , her piece `` So Blue '' premiered in Düsseldorf . It was her first dance choreography . In May 2014 , Lecavalier received the Governor General 's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement in dance . The award is Canada 's highest honour in the performing arts ., An earl is a member of the nobility. The title is Anglo-Saxon in origin, akin to the Scandinavian form jarl, and meant "chieftain", particularly a chieftain set to rule a territory in a king's stead. In Scandinavia, it became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced by duke ("hertig"/"hertug"/"hertog"). In later medieval Britain, it became the equivalent of the continental count (in England in the earlier period, it was more akin to a duke; in Scotland it assimilated the concept of mormaer). However, earlier in Scandinavia, "jarl" could also mean a sovereign prince. For example, the rulers of several of the petty kingdoms of Norway had the title of "jarl" and in many cases they had no less power than their neighbours who had the title of king. Alternative names for the "Earl/Count" rank in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as Hakushaku during the Japanese Imperial era., A knight is a person granted an honorary title of "knighthood" by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country, especially in a military capacity. Historically, in Europe, knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors. During the High Middle Ages, knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility. By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior. Often, a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord, with payment in the form of land holdings. The lords trusted the knights, who were skilled in battle on horseback. Since the early modern period, the title of knight is purely honorific, usually bestowed by a monarch, as in the British honours system, often for non-military service to the country. The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame., Dance is a performance art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement. This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of origin., Choreography is the art or practice of designing sequences of movements of physical bodies (or their depictions) in which motion, form, or both are specified. "Choreography" may also refer to the design itself. A choreographer is one who creates choreographies by practicing the art of choreography, a process known as "choreographing". Choreography is used in a variety of fields, including musical theater, cheerleading, cinematography, gymnastics, fashion shows, ice skating, marching band, show choir, theatre, synchronized swimming, cardistry, video game production and animated art. In the performing arts, choreography applies to human movement and form. In dance, choreography is also known as dance choreography or "dance composition"., Subject: louise lecavalier, Relation: occupation, Options: (A) canada (B) choreographer (C) duke (D) knight (E) leader (F) member (G) military (H) monarch (I) nobility (J) sovereign

SOLUTION: choreographer

PROBLEM: Context: Aristotle ("Aristotéls"; 384322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, whereafter Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects  including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government  and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC., Aeschylus (or ; "Aiskhulos" c. 525/524  c. 456/455 BC) was an ancient Greek tragedian. He is often described as the father of tragedy. Academics' knowledge of the genre begins with his work, and understanding of earlier tragedies is largely based on inferences from his surviving plays. According to Aristotle, he expanded the number of characters in theater allowing conflict among them; characters previously had interacted only with the chorus., Sophocles ("Sophokls", ; 497/6  winter 406/5 BC) is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides. Sophocles wrote 120 plays during the course of his life, but only seven have survived in a complete form: "Ajax", "Antigone", "The Women of Trachis", "Oedipus the King", "Electra", "Philoctetes" and "Oedipus at Colonus". For almost 50 years, Sophocles was the most celebrated playwright in the dramatic competitions of the city-state of Athens that took place during the religious festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia. He competed in 30 competitions, won 18, and was never judged lower than second place. Aeschylus won 14 competitions, and was sometimes defeated by Sophocles, while Euripides won 5 competitions., Euripides (or ; ) (c. 480  c. 406 BC) was a tragedian of classical Athens. He is one of the few whose plays have survived, with the others being Aeschylus, Sophocles, and potentially Euphorion. Some ancient scholars attributed 95 plays to him but according to the "Suda" it was 92 at most. Of these, 18 or 19 have survived more or less complete (there has been debate about his authorship of "Rhesus", largely on stylistic grounds) and there are also fragments, some substantial, of most of the other plays. More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together, partly due to mere chance and partly because his popularity grew as theirs declinedhe became, in the Hellenistic Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education, along with Homer, Demosthenes and Menander., Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC  10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great ("Aléxandros ho Mégas" ), was a king ("basileus") of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. Born in Pella in 356 BC, Alexander succeeded his father, Philip II, to the throne at the age of twenty. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and by the age of thirty he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders., Harpalus ( Greek :  ) son of Machatas was an aristocrat of Macedon and boyhood friend of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. Being lame in a leg , and therefore exempt from military service , Harpalus did not follow Alexander in his advance within the Persian Empire but received nonetheless a post in Asia Minor . Alexander reportedly contacted him with a demand of reading material for his spare time . Harpalus sent his King theatrical plays by Aeschylus , Sophocles and Euripides , the history of Philistus and odes by Philoxenus and Telestes . Harpalus was also a charming rogue who absconded three times with large amounts of money . The first time he was forgiven and reinstated , only to abuse his trust again . In 324 BC Harpalus found refuge in Athens . He was imprisoned by the Athenians after a proposal of Demosthenes and Phocion , despite Hypereides ' opposition , who wanted an immediate uprising against Alexander . The Ecclesia , based on a proposal from Demosthenes , decided on the guarding of Harpalus ' money , which was entrusted to a committee led by Demosthenes himself . When the committee counted the money they found 350 talents , although Harpalus had declared that he had 700 talents . Nevertheless , Demosthenes and the other members of the committee decided not to disclose the deficit . When Harpalus escaped and fled to Crete , the orator faced a new wave of public uproar . The Areopagus conducted an inquiry and its findings led to Demosthenes being charged with mishandling 20 talents . At Demosthenes ' trial in the Heliaia , Hypereides , who was the main prosecutor , noted that Demosthenes had admitted taking the money , but said that he had used it on the people 's behalf and had borrowed it free of interest . The prosecutor rejected this argument and accused Demosthenes of being bribed by Alexander . Demosthenes was fined 50 talents and imprisoned , but after a few days he escaped thanks to the carelessness or connivance of some citizens and travelled around Calauria , Aegina and Troezen . It remains still unclear whether the accusations against him were just or not . In any case , the Athenians soon repealed the sentence and sent a ship to Aegina to carry Demosthenes back to the port of Piraeus . According to Pausanias , `` shortly after Harpalus ran away from Athens and crossed with a squadron to Crete , he was put to death by the servants who were attending him ( in 323 BC ) , though some assert that he was assassinated by Pausanias , a Macedonian '' . The geographer also narrates the following story : `` The steward of his money fled to Rhodes , and was arrested by a Macedonian , Philoxenus , who also had demanded Harpalus from the Athenians . Having this slave in his power , he proceeded to examine him , until he learned everything about such as had allowed themselves to accept a bribe from Harpalus . On obtaining this information he sent a dispatch to Athens , in which he gave a list of such as had taken a bribe from Harpalus , both their names and the sums each had received . Demosthenes , however , he never mentioned at all , although Alexander held him in bitter hatred , and he himself had a private quarrel with him . '' Harpalus is featured in the historical novel Fire From Heaven by Mary Renault . In it , he is entrusted by his teacher Aristotle with the task of observing and recording the lives of wild animals . Renault speculates that this would explain some of the fantastic accounts in Aristotle 's zoological writings as Harpalian hoaxes ., In Greek mythology, Electra ("lektra") was the daughter of King Agamemnon and Queen Clytemnestra, and thus princess of Argos. She and her brother Orestes plotted revenge against their mother Clytemnestra and stepfather Aegisthus for the murder of their father, Agamemnon., Athens ("Athína" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2015, Athens was ranked the world's 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study., Marcus Tullius Cicero ( "Kikern"; 3 January 106 BC  7 December 43 BC) was a Roman philosopher, politician, lawyer, orator, political theorist, consul, and constitutionalist. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the Roman equestrian order, and is considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists., Pella, is an ancient city located in Central Macedonia, Greece, best known as the historical capital of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon in the time of Alexander the Great. On the site of the ancient city is the Archaeological Museum of Pella., Philistus (c. 432  356 BC), son of Archomenidas, was Greek historian from Sicily. 
Life.
Philistus was born in Syracuse around the time the Peloponnesian War began. He was a faithful supporter of the elder Dionysius, and commander of the citadel. Cicero who had a high opinion of his work, called him the miniature Thucydides ("pusillus Thucydides"). He was admitted by the Alexandrian critics into the canon of historiographers, and his work was highly valued by Alexander the Great., Subject: harpalus, Relation: brother, Options: (A) aeschylus (B) agamemnon (C) alexander (D) cicero (E) philip (F) plato

SOLUTION: philip

PROBLEM: Context: The Second Vatican Ecumenical Council (more commonly known as the Second Vatican Council, or informally as Vatican II) addressed relations between the Catholic Church and the modern world. It was the twenty-first and most recent ecumenical council of the Catholic Church and the second to be held at St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. The council, through the Holy See, formally opened under the pontificate of Pope John XXIII on 11 October 1962 and closed under Pope Paul VI on the Feast of the Immaculate Conception on 8 December 1965., The Counter-Reformation, also called the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation, beginning with the Council of Trent (15451563) and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War (1648). The Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort composed of four major elements:, The Council of Trent, held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento (Trent) and Bologna, northern Italy, was one of the Roman Catholic Church's most important ecumenical councils. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. Four hundred years later, when Pope John XXIII initiated preparations for the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II), he affirmed the decrees it had issued: "What was, still is.", An ecumenical council (or oecumenical council; also general council) is a conference of ecclesiastical dignitaries and theological experts convened to discuss and settle matters of Church doctrine and practice in which those entitled to vote are convoked from the whole world (oikoumene) and which secures the approbation of the whole Church., The Thirty Years' War was a series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, as well as the deadliest European religious war, resulting in eight million casualties.
Initially a war between various Protestant and Catholic states in the fragmented Holy Roman Empire, it gradually developed into a more general conflict involving most of the great powers. These states employed relatively large mercenary armies, and the war became less about religion and more of a continuation of the FranceHabsburg rivalry for European political pre-eminence. In the 17th century, religious beliefs and practices were a much larger influence on an average European than they are today. During that era, almost everyone was vested on one side of the dispute or another, which was also closely tied to people's ethnicities and loyalties, as religious beliefs affected ideas of the legitimacy of the political status of rulers., The Protestant Reformation, often referred to simply as the Reformation (from Latin "reformatio", "restoration, renewal"), was a schism from the Roman Catholic Church initiated by Martin Luther and continued by John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and other early Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe. Timing most commonly used for this period is from 1517 (the Ninety-five Theses are published by Martin Luther) to 1648 (Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War)., Gabriele Paleotti ( 4 October 1522 -- 22 July 1597 ) was an Italian Cardinal and Archbishop of Bologna . He was a significant figure in , and source about , the later sessions of the Council of Trent , and much later a candidate for the papacy in 1590 , and is now mostly remembered for his De sacris et profanis imaginibus ( 1582 ) , setting out the Counter-Reformation church 's views on the proper role and content of art., Subject: gabriele paleotti, Relation: religion, Options: (A) catholic (B) catholic church (C) church

SOLUTION:
catholic church