In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Example Input: In one work, this thinker consults with a monk to better understand the concept of proximate power. This thinker divided hypotheses into three categories depending on what absurdities would be implied by accepting the hypothesis as true or false. This man participated in the Formulary Controversy with a series of letters in which he attacked Antonio Escobar's use of casuistry and lambasted the moral lapses of the Jesuits. After a carriage accident and a subsequent religious vision, he published his Memorial, which led to him taking up the cause of the Jansenists. He is the namesake of an idea that suggests that the belief in God represents the possibility of infinite gain while only imposing a finite loss. For 10 points, name this author of the Provincial Letters and Pensees, a French philosopher who is the namesake of a "wager" and a mathematical triangle.
Example Output: Social Science

Example Input: The Ki Teitzel and Ki Tavo represent two of the weekly reading portions prescribed for this book. Along with the Book of Numbers this text in Chapter twenty-two commands the wearing of twisted threads known as Tzitzit, and some suggest that its primary redaction occurred during the reforms of King Josiah. Chapter two of this notes that Zamzummims, or giants, once existed among the children of Ammon, but God killed them all, and it warns the Israelites not to harm the Ammonites. Chapter Six verse four of this states, "Hear, O Israel: the Lord is our god, the Lord is one," which constitutes the Shema. Known as the Devarim in the Hebrew Bible and with a name derived from the Greek for "second law," for 10 points, name this fifth book of the Old Testament.
Example Output: Social Science

Example Input: The Clausius-Clapeyron equation assumes the change in this to be zero. Because this quantity is most useful when the substance in question is both isothermal and isobaric, a different quantity is used for explosive substances. An equation partially due to the namesake of this quantity gives the temperature dependence of this quantity for an ideal gas. A zero change in this quantity for a system implies that the system is in equilibrium, but a negative value for this quantity implies that a reaction is spontaneous. One may derive this by utilizing the Legendre transform on the internal energy of a system. For ten points, name this state function named for its American inventor, which measures the maximum amount of work attainable from a system, defined as enthalpy minus the product of temperature and entropy.
Example Output:
Science