In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

His theories were the basis of Rudolf Dreikurss practical therapy. He argued that the unhappiness of homosexuals stems from failure to meet a social need to reproduce in What Life Could Mean to You. His theory about the personality traits of eldest, second, middle, and youngest children has become conventional wisdom, while his theory of socially useful and antisocial personality types and the struggle between social demands and self-idealization are discussed in 1912s The Neurotic Character. For 10 points, name this founder of individual psychology, who pioneered work on inferiority complexes.
Social Science

In his early career, this man repeatedly lost to the forces of Muhammad Shaybani. This man took advantage of the scheming of Alam Khan and Dualat Khan to defeat Ibrahim Lodi in battle. Shortly after that battle, this man defeated the Rajput army of Rana Sanga at the Battle of Khanua. This descendant of (*) Tamurlane made several unsuccessful attempts to capture Samarkand and was forced to capture Kabul instead. This man was succeeded by his son Humayan and defeated the Delhi sultanate at the first Battle of Panipat. For 10 points, name this founder of the Mughal Empire.
History

The Shklovskii effect is a quadratic variant of this, and it produces a Gaussian spectral line profile through thermal broadening. The Ives-Stilwell experiment showed that the relativistic formula for this effect was correct, rather than the classical formula. Hasselkamp, Mondry, and Scharmann's 1979 experiment was the first to directly test the transverse version of this effect, which classical predictions say should not exist. First analyzed by Buys Ballot in the realm of the pitch of sound, FTP name this effect whose strength depends on the relative velocity between source and receiver, a namesake shift in the frequency of a wave as the source moves relative to the observer.

Science