instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
Endothelial junctions control functions such as permeability, angiogenesis and contact inhibition. VE-Cadherin (VECad) is essential for the maintenance of intercellular contacts. In confluent endothelial monolayers, N-Cadherin (NCad) is mostly expressed on the apical and basal membrane, but in the absence of VECad it localizes at junctions. Both cadherins are required for vascular development. The intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-2, also localized at endothelial junctions, is involved in leukocyte recruitment and angiogenesis.', 'In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), both VECad and NCad were found at nascent cell contacts of sub-confluent monolayers, but only VECad localized at the mature junctions of confluent monolayers. Inhibition of ICAM-2 expression by siRNA caused the appearance of small gaps at the junctions and a decrease in NCad junctional staining in sub-confluent monolayers. Endothelioma lines derived from WT or ICAM-2-deficient mice (IC2neg) lacked VECad and failed to form junctions, with loss of contact inhibition. Re-expression of full-length ICAM-2 (IC2 FL) in IC2neg cells restored contact inhibition through recruitment of NCad at the junctions. Mutant ICAM-2 lacking the binding site for ERM proteins (IC2 ΔERM) or the cytoplasmic tail (IC2 ΔTAIL) failed to restore junctions. ICAM-2-dependent Rac-1 activation was also decreased in these mutant cell lines. Barrier function, measured in vitro via transendothelial electrical resistance, was decreased in IC2neg cells, both in resting conditions and after thrombin stimulation. This was dependent on ICAM-2 signalling to the small GTPase Rac-1, since transendothelial electrical resistance of IC2neg cells was restored by constitutively active Rac-1. In vivo, thrombin-induced extravasation of FITC-labeled albumin measured by intravital fluorescence microscopy in the mouse cremaster muscle showed that permeability was increased in ICAM-2-deficient mice compared to controls.
answer:
0


question:
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play pivotal roles in tumor progression. MMP-13 (collagenase-3) digests collagen and other extracellular components.', 'Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and zymograph were used to study the roles of MMP-13 during the neoplastic process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).', 'Increase of MMP-13 mRNA and protein expression in OSCC cell lines relative to cultivated normal oral keratinocytes was found. MMP-13 mRNA expression in OSCC was significantly higher than in non-cancerous match tissue (NCMT) in 36 tissue pairs. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma also exhibited high MMP-13 mRNA expression. The percentage of OSCC exhibiting strong MMP-13 immunoreactivity was significantly higher than pre-invasive lesion and NCMT. Treatment with >5 microm epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to OEC-M1 cells suppressed the expression and activity of MMP-13.
answer:
0


question:
The mechanism through which oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) improves viability of human extended criteria donor (ECD) livers is not well known. Aim of this study was to examine the benefits of oxygenated HMP after static cold storage (SCS).', 'Eighteen ECD livers that were declined for transplantation underwent ex situ viability testing using normothermic (37 °C) machine perfusion (NMP) after traditional SCS (0 °C-4 °C) for 7 to 9 hours. In the intervention group (n = 6), livers underwent 2 hours of oxygenated HMP (at 12 °C) after SCS and before NMP. Twelve control livers underwent NMP without oxygenated HMP after SCS.', 'During HMP, hepatic ATP content increased greater than 15-fold, and levels remained significantly higher during the first 4 hours of NMP in the HMP group, compared with controls. Cumulative bile production and biliary secretion of bilirubin and bicarbonate were significantly higher after HMP, compared with controls. In addition, the levels of lactate and glucose were less elevated after HMP compared with SCS preservation alone. In contrast, there were no differences in levels of hepatobiliary injury markers AST, ALT, LDH, and gamma-GT after 6 hours of NMP. Hepatic histology at baseline and after 6 hours of NMP revealed no differences in the amount of ischemic necrosis between both groups.
answer:

0