In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Question: Context: Upregulator of cell proliferation 4 (URG4) has been implicated in the oncogenesis of certain cancers. However, the correlation between URG4 expression and clinicopathological significance in human cancer remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated its expression and clinicopathological significance in cervical cancer patients.', 'URG4 expression was examined using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blotting in normal cervical epithelial cells, cervical cancer cells, and eight matched pairs of cervical cancer tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues from the same patient. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine URG4 expression in paraffin-embedded tissues from 167 cervical cancer patients (FIGO stages Ib1-IIa2). Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate associations between URG4 expression and prognostic and diagnostic factors.', 'URG4 was significantly upregulated in the cervical cancer cell lines and tissues compared with the normal cells and adjacent noncancerous cervical tissues. IHC revealed high URG4 expression in 59 out of the 167 (35.13%) cervical cancer specimens. Its expression was significantly correlated with clinical stage (P < 0.0001), tumour size (P = 0.012), T classification (P = 0.023), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001) and vaginal involvement (P = 0.002). Patients with high URG4 expression, particularly those who received concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy (P < 0.0001), showed a shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared to those with the low expression of this protein. Multivariate analysis revealed that URG4 expression is an independent prognostic factor for cervical cancer patients.\Question: Is uRG4 overexpression correlated with cervical cancer progression and poor prognosis in patients with early-stage cervical cancer?

Answer: Our results demonstrated that elevated URG4 protein expression is associated with a poor outcome in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. URG4 may be a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for the treatment of cervical cancer.


Question: Context: The majority of patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma are diagnosed before skeletal maturity. Paley's multiplier is used for height prediction in healthy children, and has been suggested as a method to make growth predictions for children with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma when considering limb salvage options. To our knowledge, no evaluation of this method in this particular patient group has been performed, but a temporary growth deficit has been observed in children undergoing chemotherapy.", "We asked whether (1) Paley's formula reliably predicts growth in children who received polychemotherapy; (2) chemotherapy impairs growth velocity; and (3) final adult height is impaired in these patients.", "Retrospectively, data for 94 patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma were retrieved from databases of two sarcoma centers. Onset before 14 years of age in girls and 16 years in boys and a minimum followup until 18 years were required (mean, 67 months; range, 31-124 months) criteria. Exclusion criteria were the intake of growth hormones or no chemotherapy. Thirty-three patients (35%) fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Predicted adult heights were compared with actual adult height. The development of a growth deficit was evaluated for 23 children (without chemotherapy for recurrence) using age- and gender-specific standard deviation scores for height (WHO Z-scores).", "Height prediction using Paley's method showed a high percentage of false predictions (outside ± 1 SD, 70%; outside ± 2 SD, 61%). On average, the mean total height of the patients was overestimated (2.3 cm). The median absolute error of prediction was 5.0 cm (range, -17 to 8). Patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma showed a significant growth impairment during polychemotherapy. A catchup phase in growth before skeletal maturity was observed in patients with osteosarcoma but not with Ewing's sarcoma.\Question: Does paley 's multiplier method accurately predict adult height in children with bone sarcoma?

Answer: Owing to its lack of reliability in this patient group, methods other than Paley's should be evaluated to predict adult height. Although limited by a small number of patients, our study results indicate a decreased adult height in patients with bone sarcoma after chemotherapy.


Question: Context: The effects of exercise training on LV remodelling following large anterior myocardial infarction (MI) remains controversial. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system has been shown to prevent ventricular dilation and deleterious remodeling. We therefore tested, in a rat model of chronic MI, whether any potentially deleterious effects of exercise on post-MI remodelling could be ameliorated by angiotensin II receptor blockade.', 'Male Wistar rats underwent coronary ligation or sham operation. Treatment with losartan (10 mg/kg/day) began 1 week post-MI and moderate treadmill exercise (25 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week) was initiated 2 weeks post-MI. Systolic and diastolic pressure-volume relationships were measured in isolated, red-cell perfused, isovolumically beating hearts 8 weeks post-MI. Morphometric measurements were performed in trichrome stained cross sections of the heart. Five groups of animals were compared: sham (n=13), control MI (MI; n=11), MI plus losartan (MI-Los; n=13), MI plus exercise (MI-Ex; n=10) and MI plus exercise and losartan (MI-Ex-Los; n=12).', 'Infarct size (% of left ventricle, LV) was similar among the infarcted groups [MI=43+/-4%, MI-Los=49+/-2%, MI-Ex=45+/-1%, MI-Ex-Los=48+/-2% (NS)]. Exercise, losartan and exercise+losartan treatments all attenuated LV dilation post-MI to a similar degree. Exercise training increased LV developed pressure in both untreated and losartan treated hearts (P<0.05 vs. other MI groups). In addition, exercise resulted in additional scar thinning in untreated hearts, while no additional scar thinning was seen in post-infarct hearts receiving both losartan and exercise.\Question: Does angiotensin II receptor blockade attenuate the deleterious effects of exercise training on post-MI ventricular remodelling in rats?

Answer:
Following large anterior MI, losartan attenuated LV dilation and scar thinning. In untreated animals, exercise decreased dilation, but also contributed to scar thinning. Therefore, exercise concurrent with blockade of the renin-angiotensin system may provide optimal therapeutic benefit following large anterior MI.