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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Federal Ocean Acidification Research 
And Monitoring Act of 2009'' or the ``FOARAM Act''.

SEC. 2. PURPOSES.

    (a) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are to provide for--
            (1) development and coordination of a comprehensive 
        interagency plan to--
                    (A) monitor and conduct research on the processes 
                and consequences of ocean acidification on marine 
                organisms and ecosystems; and
                    (B) establish an interagency research and 
                monitoring program on ocean acidification;
            (2) establishment of an ocean acidification program within 
        the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;
            (3) assessment and consideration of regional and national 
        ecosystem and socioeconomic impacts of increased ocean 
        acidification; and
            (4) research adaptation strategies and techniques for 
        effectively conserving marine ecosystems as they cope with 
        increased ocean acidification.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Ocean acidification.--The term ``ocean acidification'' 
        means the decrease in pH of the Earth's oceans and changes in 
        ocean chemistry caused by chemical inputs from the atmosphere, 
        including carbon dioxide.
            (2) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Commerce, acting through the Administrator of the National 
        Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
            (3) Subcommittee.--The term ``Subcommittee'' means the 
        Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology of the 
        National Science and Technology Council.

SEC. 4. INTERAGENCY SUBCOMMITTEE.

    (a) Designation.--
            (1) In general.--The Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science 
        and Technology of the National Science and Technology Council 
        shall coordinate Federal activities on ocean acidification and 
        establish an interagency working group.
            (2) Membership.--The interagency working group on ocean 
        acidification shall be comprised of senior representatives from 
        the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the 
        National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space 
        Administration, the United States Geological Survey, the United 
        States Fish and Wildlife Service, and such other Federal 
        agencies as appropriate.
            (3) Chairman.--The interagency working group shall be 
        chaired by the representative from the National Oceanic and 
        Atmospheric Administration.
    (b) Duties.--The Subcommittee shall--
            (1) develop the strategic research and monitoring plan to 
        guide Federal research on ocean acidification required under 
        section 5 of this Act and oversee the implementation of the 
        plan;
            (2) oversee the development of--
                    (A) an assessment of the potential impacts of ocean 
                acidification on marine organisms and marine 
                ecosystems; and
                    (B) adaptation and mitigation strategies to 
                conserve marine organisms and ecosystems exposed to 
                ocean acidification;
            (3) facilitate communication and outreach opportunities 
        with nongovernmental organizations and members of the 
        stakeholder community with interests in marine resources;
            (4) coordinate the United States Federal research and 
        monitoring program with research and monitoring programs and 
        scientists from other nations; and
            (5) establish or designate an Ocean Acidification 
        Information Exchange to make information on ocean acidification 
        developed through or utilized by the interagency ocean 
        acidification program accessible through electronic means, 
        including information which would be useful to policymakers, 
        researchers, and other stakeholders in mitigating or adapting 
        to the impacts of ocean acidification.
    (c) Reports to Congress.--
            (1) Initial report.--Not later than 1 year after the date 
        of enactment of this Act, the Subcommittee shall transmit a 
        report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science and 
        Technology and the Committee on Natural Resources of the House 
        of Representatives that--
                    (A) includes a summary of federally funded ocean 
                acidification research and monitoring activities, 
                including the budget for each of these activities; and
                    (B) describes the progress in developing the plan 
                required under section 5 of this Act.
            (2) Biennial report.--Not later than 2 years after the 
        delivery of the initial report under paragraph (1) and every 2 
        years thereafter, the Subcommittee shall transmit a report to 
        the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
        Senate and the Committee on Science and Technology and the 
        Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives 
        that includes--
                    (A) a summary of federally funded ocean 
                acidification research and monitoring activities, 
                including the budget for each of these activities; and
                    (B) an analysis of the progress made toward 
                achieving the goals and priorities for the interagency 
                research plan developed by the Subcommittee under 
                section 5.
            (3) Strategic research plan.--Not later than 2 years after 
        the date of enactment of this Act, the Subcommittee shall 
        transmit the strategic research plan developed under section 5 
        to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
        the Senate and the Committee on Science and Technology and the 
        Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives. 
        A revised plan shall be submitted at least once every 5 years 
        thereafter.

SEC. 5. STRATEGIC RESEARCH PLAN.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Subcommittee shall develop a strategic plan for 
Federal research and monitoring on ocean acidification that will 
provide for an assessment of the impacts of ocean acidification on 
marine organisms and marine ecosystems and the development of 
adaptation and mitigation strategies to conserve marine organisms and 
marine ecosystems. In developing the plan, the Subcommittee shall 
consider and use information, reports, and studies of ocean 
acidification that have identified research and monitoring needed to 
better understand ocean acidification and its potential impacts, and 
recommendations made by the National Academy of Sciences in the review 
of the plan required under subsection (d).
    (b) Contents of the Plan.--The plan shall--
            (1) provide for interdisciplinary research among the ocean 
        sciences, and coordinated research and activities to improve 
        the understanding of ocean chemistry that will affect marine 
        ecosystems;
            (2) establish, for the 10-year period beginning in the year 
        the plan is submitted, the goals and priorities for Federal 
        research and monitoring which will--
                    (A) advance understanding of ocean acidification 
                and its physical, chemical, and biological impacts on 
                marine organisms and marine ecosystems;
                    (B) improve the ability to assess the socioeconomic 
                impacts of ocean acidification; and
                    (C) provide information for the development of 
                adaptation and mitigation strategies to conserve marine 
                organisms and marine ecosystems;
            (3) describe specific activities, including--
                    (A) efforts to determine user needs;
                    (B) research activities;
                    (C) monitoring activities;
                    (D) technology and methods development;
                    (E) data collection;
                    (F) database development;
                    (G) modeling activities;
                    (H) assessment of ocean acidification impacts; and
                    (I) participation in international research 
                efforts;
            (4) identify relevant programs and activities of the 
        Federal agencies that contribute to the interagency program 
        directly and indirectly and set forth the role of each Federal 
        agency in implementing the plan;
            (5) consider and utilize, as appropriate, reports and 
        studies conducted by Federal agencies, the National Research 
        Council, or other entities;
            (6) make recommendations for the coordination of the ocean 
        acidification research and monitoring activities of the United 
        States with such activities of other nations and international 
        organizations;
            (7) outline budget requirements for Federal ocean 
        acidification research and monitoring and assessment activities 
        to be conducted by each agency under the plan;
            (8) identify the monitoring systems and sampling programs 
        currently employed in collecting data relevant to ocean 
        acidification and prioritize additional monitoring systems that 
        may be needed to ensure adequate data collection and monitoring 
        of ocean acidification and its impacts; and
            (9) describe specific activities designed to facilitate 
        outreach and data and information exchange with stakeholder 
        communities.
    (c) Program Elements.--The plan shall include at a minimum the 
following program elements:
            (1) Monitoring of ocean chemistry and biological impacts 
        associated with ocean acidification at selected coastal and 
        open-ocean monitoring stations, including satellite-based 
        monitoring to characterize--
                    (A) marine ecosystems;
                    (B) changes in marine productivity; and
                    (C) changes in surface ocean chemistry.
            (2) Research to understand the species specific 
        physiological responses of marine organisms to ocean 
        acidification, impacts on marine food webs of ocean 
        acidification, and to develop environmental and ecological 
        indices that track marine ecosystem responses to ocean 
        acidification.
            (3) Modeling to predict changes in the ocean carbon cycle 
        as a function of carbon dioxide and atmosphere-induced changes 
        in temperature, ocean circulation, biogeochemistry, ecosystem 
        and terrestrial input, and modeling to determine impacts on 
        marine ecosystems and individual marine organisms.
            (4) Technology development and standardization of carbonate 
        chemistry measurements on moorings and autonomous floats.
            (5) Assessment of socioeconomic impacts of ocean 
        acidification and development of adaptation and mitigation 
        strategies to conserve marine organisms and marine ecosystems.
    (d) National Academy of Sciences Evaluation.--The Secretary shall 
enter into an agreement with the National Academy of Sciences to review 
the plan.
    (e) Public Participation.--In developing the plan, the Subcommittee 
shall consult with representatives of academic, State, industry and 
environmental groups. Not later than 90 days before the plan, or any 
revision thereof, is submitted to the Congress, the plan shall be 
published in the Federal Register for a public comment period of not 
less than 60 days.

SEC. 6. NOAA OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ACTIVITIES.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish and maintain an 
ocean acidification program within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration to conduct research, monitoring, and other activities 
consistent with the strategic research and implementation plan 
developed by the Subcommittee under section 5 that--
            (1) includes--
                    (A) interdisciplinary research among the ocean and 
                atmospheric sciences, and coordinated research and 
                activities to improve understanding of ocean 
                acidification;
                    (B) the establishment of a long-term monitoring 
                program of ocean acidification utilizing existing 
                global and national ocean observing assets, and adding 
                instrumentation and sampling stations as appropriate to 
                the aims of the research program;
                    (C) research to identify and develop adaptation 
                strategies and techniques for effectively conserving 
                marine ecosystems as they cope with increased ocean 
                acidification;
                    (D) as an integral part of the research programs 
                described in this Act, educational opportunities that 
                encourage an interdisciplinary and international 
                approach to exploring the impacts of ocean 
                acidification;
                    (E) as an integral part of the research programs 
                described in this Act, national public outreach 
                activities to improve the understanding of current 
                scientific knowledge of ocean acidification and its 
                impacts on marine resources; and
                    (F) coordination of ocean acidification monitoring 
                and impacts research with other appropriate 
                international ocean science bodies such as the 
                International Oceanographic Commission, the 
                International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 
                the North Pacific Marine Science Organization, and 
                others;
            (2) provides grants for critical research projects that 
        explore the effects of ocean acidification on ecosystems and 
        the socioeconomic impacts of increased ocean acidification that 
        are relevant to the goals and priorities of the strategic 
        research plan; and
            (3) incorporates a competitive merit-based process for 
        awarding grants that may be conducted jointly with other 
        participating agencies or under the National Oceanographic 
        Partnership Program under section 7901 of title 10, United 
        States Code.
    (b) Additional Authority.--In conducting the Program, the Secretary 
may enter into and perform such contracts, leases, grants, or 
cooperative agreements as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of 
this Act on such terms as the Secretary considers appropriate.

SEC. 7. NSF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ACTIVITIES.

    (a) Research Activities.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall continue to carry out research activities on ocean 
acidification which shall support competitive, merit-based, peer-
reviewed proposals for research and monitoring of ocean acidification 
and its impacts, including--
            (1) impacts on marine organisms and marine ecosystems;
            (2) impacts on ocean, coastal, and estuarine 
        biogeochemistry; and
            (3) the development of methodologies and technologies to 
        evaluate ocean acidification and its impacts.
    (b) Consistency.--The research activities shall be consistent with 
the strategic research plan developed by the Subcommittee under section 
5.
    (c) Coordination.--The Director shall encourage coordination of the 
Foundation's ocean acidification activities with such activities of 
other nations and international organizations.

SEC. 8. NASA OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ACTIVITIES.

    (a) Ocean Acidification Activities.--The Administrator of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, in coordination with 
other relevant agencies, shall ensure that space-based monitoring 
assets are used in as productive a manner as possible for monitoring of 
ocean acidification and its impacts.
    (b) Program Consistency.--The Administrator shall ensure that the 
Agency's research and monitoring activities on ocean acidification are 
carried out in a manner consistent with the strategic research plan 
developed by the Subcommittee under section 5.
    (c) Coordination.--The Administrator shall encourage coordination 
of the Agency's ocean acidification activities with such activities of 
other nations and international organizations.

SEC. 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) NOAA.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to carry out the purposes of 
this Act--
            (1) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
            (2) $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
            (3) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; and
            (4) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2012.
    (b) NSF.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the National 
Science Foundation to carry out the purposes of this Act--
            (1) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
            (2) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
            (3) $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; and
            (4) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2012.
Federal Ocean Acidification Research And Monitoring Act of 2009 or FOARAM Act - Defines "ocean acidification," for this Act, as the decrease in pH of the Earth's oceans and changes in ocean chemistry caused by chemical inputs from the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide.

Requires that the Joint Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology of the National Science and Technology Council coordinate federal activities on ocean acidification and establish an interagency working group.

Requires the Subcommittee to develop a strategic plan for federal ocean acidification research and monitoring that provides, among other things, for the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies. Directs the Secretary of Commerce, through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), to enter into an agreement with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to review the plan.

Directs the Secretary to establish and maintain an ocean acidification program in NOAA to conduct research, monitoring, and other activities, including: (1) providing grants for critical research projects exploring the ecosystem and socioeconomic impacts of ocean acidification; and (2) incorporating a competitive merit-based process for awarding grants that may be conducted jointly with other participating agencies or under the National Oceanographic Partnership Program.

Requires the National Science Foundation (NSF) director to continue to carry out ocean acidification research supporting competitive, merit-based, peer-reviewed proposals for research and monitoring of ocean acidification and its impacts.

Requires the administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to ensure that space-based monitoring assets are used in as productive a manner as possible for the monitoring of ocean acidification and its impacts.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Enterprise Communities Enhancement 
Act of 2001''.

SEC. 2. FUNDING ENTITLEMENT FOR ADDITIONAL ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES.

    (a) Entitlement.--Section 2007(a)(1) of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 1397f(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``and'' at the end of 
subparagraph (A), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (B) 
and inserting ``; and'', and by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) 7 grants under this section for each 
                qualified enterprise community that is in the State and 
                is designated pursuant to section 766 of the 
                Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug 
                Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations 
                Act, 1999.''.
    (b) Amount of Grants.--Section 2007(a)(2) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
1397f(a)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D); 
        and
            (2) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following:
                    ``(C) Additional enterprise community grants.--The 
                amount of the grant to a State under this section for 
                each qualified enterprise community referred to in 
                paragraph (1)(C) shall be $500,000, multiplied by the 
                proportion of the population of the community that 
                resides in the State.''.
    (c) Timing of Grants.--Section 2007(a)(3) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
1397f(a)(3)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(C) Additional qualified enterprise 
                communities.--With respect to each qualified enterprise 
                community referred to in paragraph (1)(C), the 
                Secretary shall make 1 grant under this section to the 
                State in which the community lies on the first day of 
                fiscal year 2002 and of each of the 6 succeeding fiscal 
                years.''.
    (d) Funding.--Section 2007(a)(4) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
1397f(a)(4)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``(4) Funding.--$1,000,000,000'' and 
        inserting the following:
            ``(4) Funding.--
                    ``(A) Original grants.--$1,000,000,000'';
            (2) by inserting ``for empowerment zones and enterprise 
        communities described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph 
        (1)'' before the period; and
            (3) by adding after and below the end the following:
                    ``(B) Additional enterprise community grants.--
                $70,000,000 shall be made available to the Secretary 
                for grants under this section for enterprise 
                communities referred to in paragraph (1)(C).''.
    (e) Definitions.--
            (1) Qualified enterprise community.--Section 2007(f)(2)(A) 
        of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1397f(f)(2)(A)) is amended by inserting 
        ``or pursuant to section 766 of the Agriculture, Rural 
        Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies 
        Appropriations Act, 1999'' before the semicolon.
            (2) Strategic plan.--Section 2007(f)(3) of such Act (42 
        U.S.C. 1397f(f)(3)) is amended by inserting ``or under section 
        766 of the Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug 
        Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1999'' 
        before the period.

SEC. 3. USE OF GRANT FUNDS.

    (a) Revolving Loan Activities.--Section 2007(b) of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1397f(b)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
            ``(5) Revolving loan activities.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In order to assist disadvantaged 
                adults and youths in achieving and maintaining economic 
                self-support, a State may use amounts paid under this 
                section to fund revolving loan funds or similar 
                arrangements for the purpose of making loans to 
                residents, institutions, organizations, or businesses 
                that hire disadvantaged adults and youths.
                    ``(B) Rules for disbursement.--Amounts to be used 
                as described in subparagraph (A) shall be disbursed by 
                the Secretary, consistent with the provisions of the 
                Cash Management Improvement Act and its implementing 
                rules, regulations, and procedures issued by the 
                Secretary of the Treasury--
                            ``(i) in the case of a grant to a revolving 
                        loan fund--
                                    ``(I) pursuant to a written 
                                irrevocable grant commitment; and
                                    ``(II) at such time or times as the 
                                Secretary determines that the funds are 
                                needed to meet the purposes of such 
                                commitment; or
                            ``(ii) in the case of a grant for purposes 
                        of capitalizing an insured depository 
                        institution (as defined in section 3 of the 
                        Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813)) 
                        or an insured credit union (as defined in 
                        section 101 of the Federal Credit Union Act (12 
                        U.S.C. 1742)), at such time or times as the 
                        Secretary determines that funds are needed for 
                        such capitalization.''.
Enterprise Communities Enhancement Act of 2001 - Amends title XX (Block Grants to States for Social Services) of the Social Security Act to provide for: (1) additional State entitlements to grants for designated qualified enterprise communities; (2) funding for such grants; and (3) use of grant funds for revolving loan fund loans to residents, institutions, organizations, or businesses that hire disadvantaged adults and youths.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Public Safety Employer-Employee 
Cooperation Act of 2003''.

SEC. 2. DECLARATION OF PURPOSE AND POLICY.

    The Congress declares that the following is the policy of the 
United States:
            (1) Labor-management relationships and partnerships are 
        based on trust, mutual respect, open communication, bilateral 
        consensual problem solving, and shared accountability. Labor-
        management cooperation fully utilizes the strengths of both 
        parties to best serve the interests of the public, operating as 
        a team, to carry out the public safety mission in a quality 
        work environment. In many public safety agencies it is the 
        union that provides the institutional stability as elected 
        leaders and appointees come and go.
            (2) The Federal Government needs to encourage conciliation, 
        mediation, and voluntary arbitration to aid and encourage 
        employers and their employees to reach and maintain agreements 
        concerning rates of pay, hours, and working conditions, and to 
        make all reasonable efforts through negotiations to settle 
        their differences by mutual agreement reached through 
        collective bargaining or by such methods as may be provided for 
        in any applicable agreement for the settlement of disputes.
            (3) The absence of adequate cooperation between public 
        safety employers and employees has implications for the 
        security of employees and can affect interstate and intrastate 
        commerce. The lack of such labor-management cooperation can 
        detrimentally impact the upgrading of police and fire services 
        of local communities, the health and well-being of public 
        safety officers, and the morale of the fire and police 
        departments. Additionally, these factors could have significant 
        commercial repercussions. Moreover, providing minimal standards 
        for collective bargaining negotiations in the public safety 
        sector can prevent industrial strife between labor and 
        management that interferes with the normal flow of commerce.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Authority.--The term ``Authority'' means the Federal 
        Labor Relations Authority.
            (2) Emergency medical services personnel.--The term 
        ``emergency medical services personnel'' means an individual 
        who provides out-of-hospital emergency medical care, including 
        an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or first responder.
            (3) Employer; public safety agency.--The terms ``employer'' 
        and ``public safety agency'' mean any State, political 
        subdivision of a State, the District of Columbia, or any 
        territory or possession of the United States that employs 
        public safety officers.
            (4) Firefighter.--The term ``firefighter'' has the meaning 
        given the term ``employee engaged in fire protection 
        activities'' in section 3(y) of the Fair Labor Standards Act 
        (29 U.S.C. 203(y)).
            (5) Labor organization.--The term ``labor organization'' 
        means an organization composed in whole or in part of 
        employees, in which employees participate, and which represents 
        such employees before public safety agencies concerning 
        grievances, conditions of employment and related matters.
            (6) Law enforcement officer.--The term ``law enforcement 
        officer'' has the meaning given such term in section 1204(5) of 
        the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 
        U.S.C. 3796b(5)).
            (7) Management employee.--The term ``management employee'' 
        has the meaning given such term under applicable State law in 
        effect on the date of enactment of this Act. If no such State 
        law is in effect, the term means an individual employed by a 
        public safety employer in a position that requires or 
        authorizes the individual to formulate, determine, or influence 
        the policies of the employer.
            (8) Public safety officer.--The term ``public safety 
        officer''--
                    (A) means an employee of a public safety agency who 
                is a law enforcement officer, a firefighter, or an 
                emergency medical services personnel;
                    (B) includes an individual who is temporarily 
                transferred to a supervisory or management position; 
                and
                    (C) does not include a permanent supervisory or 
                management employee.
            (9) Substantially provides.--The term ``substantially 
        provides'' means compliance with the essential requirements of 
        this Act, specifically, the right to form and join a labor 
        organization, the right to bargain over wages, hours, and 
        conditions of employment, the right to sign an enforceable 
        contract, and availability of some form of mechanism to break 
        an impasse, such as arbitration, mediation, or fact finding.
            (10) Supervisory employee.--The term ``supervisory 
        employee'' has the meaning given such term under applicable 
        State law in effect on the date of enactment of this Act. If no 
such State law is in effect, the term means an individual, employed by 
a public safety employer, who--
                    (A) has the authority in the interest of the 
                employer to hire, direct, assign, promote, reward, 
                transfer, furlough, lay off, recall, suspend, 
                discipline, or remove public safety officers, to adjust 
                their grievances, or to effectively recommend such 
                action, if the exercise of the authority is not merely 
                routine or clerical in nature but requires the 
                consistent exercise of independent judgment; and
                    (B) devotes a majority of time at work exercising 
                such authority.

SEC. 4. DETERMINATION OF RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES.

    (a) Determination.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        enactment of this Act, the Authority shall make a determination 
        as to whether a State substantially provides for the rights and 
        responsibilities described in subsection (b). In making such 
        determinations, the Authority shall consider and give weight, 
        to the maximum extent practicable, to the opinion of affected 
        parties.
            (2) Subsequent determinations.--
                    (A) In general.--A determination made pursuant to 
                paragraph (1) shall remain in effect unless and until 
                the Authority issues a subsequent determination, in 
                accordance with the procedures set forth in 
                subparagraph (B).
                    (B) Procedures for subsequent determinations.--Upon 
                establishing that a material change in State law or its 
                interpretation has occurred, an employer or a labor 
                organization may submit a written request for a 
                subsequent determination. If satisfied that a material 
                change in State law or its interpretation has occurred, 
                the Director shall issue a subsequent determination not 
                later than 30 days after receipt of such request.
            (3) Judicial review.--Any State, political subdivision of a 
        State, or person aggrieved by a determination of the Authority 
        under this section may, during the 60 day period beginning on 
        the date on which the determination was made, petition any 
        United States Court of Appeals in the circuit in which the 
        person resides or transacts business or in the District of 
        Columbia circuit, for judicial review. In any judicial review 
        of a determination by the Authority, the procedures contained 
        in subsections (c) and (d) of section 7123 of title 5, United 
        States Code, shall be followed, except that any final 
        determination of the Authority with respect to questions of 
        fact or law shall be found to be conclusive unless the court 
        determines that the Authority's decision was arbitrary and 
        capricious.
    (b) Rights and Responsibilities.--In making a determination 
described in subsection (a), the Authority shall consider whether State 
law provides rights and responsibilities comparable to or greater than 
the following:
            (1) Granting public safety officers the right to form and 
        join a labor organization, which may exclude management and 
        supervisory employees, that is, or seeks to be, recognized as 
        the exclusive bargaining representative of such employees.
            (2) Requiring public safety employers to recognize the 
        employees' labor organization (freely chosen by a majority of 
        the employees), to agree to bargain with the labor 
        organization, and to commit any agreements to writing in a 
        contract or memorandum of understanding.
            (3) Permitting bargaining over hours, wages, and terms and 
        conditions of employment.
            (4) Requiring an interest impasse resolution mechanism, 
        such as fact-finding, mediation, arbitration or comparable 
        procedures.
            (5) Requiring enforcement through State courts of--
                    (A) all rights, responsibilities, and protections 
                provided by State law and enumerated in this section; 
                and
                    (B) any written contract or memorandum of 
                understanding.
    (c) Failure To Meet Requirements.--
            (1) In general.--If the Authority determines, acting 
        pursuant to its authority under subsection (a), that a State 
        does not substantially provide for the rights and 
        responsibilities described in subsection (b), such State shall 
        be subject to the regulations and procedures described in 
        section 5.
            (2) Effective date.--Paragraph (1) shall take effect on the 
        date that is 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 5. ROLE OF FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Authority shall issue regulations in accordance with 
the rights and responsibilities described in section 4(b) establishing 
collective bargaining procedures for public safety employers and 
officers in States which the Authority has determined, acting pursuant 
to its authority under section 4(a), do not substantially provide for 
such rights and responsibilities.
    (b) Role of the Federal Labor Relations Authority.--The Authority, 
to the extent provided in this Act and in accordance with regulations 
prescribed by the Authority, shall--
            (1) determine the appropriateness of units for labor 
        organization representation;
            (2) supervise or conduct elections to determine whether a 
        labor organization has been selected as an exclusive 
        representative by a majority of the employees in an appropriate 
        unit;
            (3) resolve issues relating to the duty to bargain in good 
        faith;
            (4) conduct hearings and resolve complaints of unfair labor 
        practices;
            (5) resolve exceptions to the awards of arbitrators;
            (6) protect the right of each employee to form, join, or 
        assist any labor organization, or to refrain from any such 
        activity, freely and without fear of penalty or reprisal, and 
        protect each employee in the exercise of such right; and
            (7) take such other actions as are necessary and 
        appropriate to effectively administer this Act, including 
        issuing subpoenas requiring the attendance and testimony of 
        witnesses and the production of documentary or other evidence 
        from any place in the United States, and administering oaths, 
        taking or ordering the taking of depositions, ordering 
        responses to written interrogatories, and receiving and 
        examining witnesses.
    (c) Enforcement.--
            (1) Authority to petition court.--The Authority may 
        petition any United States Court of Appeals with jurisdiction 
        over the parties, or the United States Court of Appeals for the 
        District of Columbia Circuit, to enforce any final orders under 
        this section, and for appropriate temporary relief or a 
        restraining order. Any petition under this section shall be 
        conducted in accordance with subsections (c) and (d) of section 
        7123 of title 5, United States Code, except that any final 
        order of the Authority with respect to questions of fact or law 
        shall be found to be conclusive unless the court determines 
        that the Authority's decision was arbitrary and capricious.
            (2) Private right of action.--Unless the Authority has 
        filed a petition for enforcement as provided in paragraph (1), 
        any party has the right to file suit in a State court of 
        competent jurisdiction to enforce compliance with the 
        regulations issued by the Authority pursuant to subsection (b), 
        and to enforce compliance with any order issued by the 
        Authority pursuant to this section. The right provided by this 
        subsection to bring a suit to enforce compliance with any order 
        issued by the Authority pursuant to this section shall 
        terminate upon the filing of a petition seeking the same relief 
        by the Authority.

SEC. 6. STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS PROHIBITED.

    A public safety employer, officer, or labor organization may not 
engage in a lockout, sickout, work slowdown, or strike or engage in any 
other action that is designed to compel an employer, officer, or labor 
organization to agree to the terms of a proposed contract and that will 
measurably disrupt the delivery of emergency services, except that it 
shall not be a violation of this section for an employer, officer, or 
labor organization to refuse to provide services not required by the 
terms and conditions of an existing contract.

SEC. 7. EXISTING COLLECTIVE BARGAINING UNITS AND AGREEMENTS.

    A certification, recognition, election-held, collective bargaining 
agreement or memorandum of understanding which has been issued, 
approved, or ratified by any public employee relations board or 
commission or by any State or political subdivision or its agents 
(management officials) in effect on the day before the date of 
enactment of this Act shall not be invalidated by the enactment of this 
Act.

SEC. 8. CONSTRUCTION AND COMPLIANCE.

    (a) Construction.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed--
            (1) to invalidate or limit the remedies, rights, and 
        procedures of any law of any State or political subdivision of 
        any State or jurisdiction that provides collective bargaining 
        rights for public safety officers that are equal to or greater 
        than the rights provided under this Act;
            (2) to prevent a State from enforcing a right-to-work law 
        that prohibits employers and labor organizations from 
        negotiating provisions in a labor agreement that require union 
        membership or payment of union fees as a condition of 
        employment;
            (3) to invalidate any State law in effect on the date of 
        enactment of this Act that substantially provides for the 
        rights and responsibilities described in section 4(b) solely 
        because such State law permits an employee to appear on his or 
        her own behalf with respect to his or her employment relations 
        with the public safety agency involved; or
            (4) to permit parties subject to the National Labor 
        Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 151 et seq.) and the regulations under 
        such Act to negotiate provisions that would prohibit an 
        employee from engaging in part-time employment or volunteer 
        activities during off-duty hours; or
            (5) to prohibit a State from exempting from coverage under 
        this Act a political subdivision of the State that has a 
        population of less than 5,000 or that employs less than 25 full 
        time employees.
For purposes of paragraph (5), the term ``employee'' includes each and 
every individual employed by the political subdivision except any 
individual elected by popular vote or appointed to serve on a board or 
commission.
    (b) Compliance.--No State shall preempt laws or ordinances of any 
of its political subdivisions if such laws provide collective 
bargaining rights for public safety officers that are equal to or 
greater than the rights provided under this Act.

SEC. 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be 
necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act.

Public Safety Employer-Employee Cooperation Act of 2003 - Provides collective bargaining rights for public safety officers employed by States or local governments.

(Sec. 2) Sets forth a declaration of U.S. policy regarding the need for: (1) labor-management cooperation in public safety agencies; (2) encouraging conciliation, mediation, and voluntary arbitration to help public safety employers and employees reach and maintain agreements concerning pay rates, hours, and working conditions, and to negotiate to settle differences by mutual agreement reached though collective bargaining or other methods provided in an agreement for dispute settlement; and (3) providing minimal standards for collective bargaining negotiations in the public safety sector.

(Sec. 4) Directs the Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA) to determine whether State law provides specified rights and responsibilities for public safety officers, including: (1) granting public safety employees the right to form and join a labor organization which excludes management and supervisory employees, and which is, or seeks to be, recognized as the exclusive bargaining agent for such employees; and (2) requiring public safety employers to recognize and agree to bargain with the employees' labor organization. (Sec. 5) Requires the FLRA to issue regulations establishing collective bargaining procedures for public safety employers and employees in States that do not substantially provide for such public safety employee rights and responsibilities. Directs the FLRA, in such cases, to: (1) determine the appropriateness of units for labor organization representation; (2) supervise or conduct elections to determine whether a labor organization has been selected as an exclusive representative by a majority of the employees in an appropriate unit; (3) resolve issues relating to the duty to bargain in good faith; (4) conduct hearings and resolve complaints of unfair labor practices; and (5) resolve exceptions to arbitrator's awards. Grants a public safety employer, employee, or labor organization the right to seek enforcement of such FLRA regulations and authority through appropriate State courts. (Sec. 6) Prohibits public safety employers, employees, and labor organizations from engaging in lockouts or strikes, or sick-outs, work slowdowns, or other actions designed to compel agreement to a proposed contract which will measurably disrupt the delivery of emergency services. (Sec. 7) Provides that existing collective bargaining units and agreements shall not be invalidated by this Act. (Sec. 8) Provides that nothing in this Act shall be construed to: (1) invalidate or limit the remedies, rights, and procedures of any State or local law that provides collective bargaining rights for public safety officers that are equal to or greater than the rights provided under this Act; (2) prevent a State from enforcing a right-to-work law that prohibits employers and labor organizations from negotiating provisions in a labor agreement that require union membership or payment of union fees as a condition of employment; (3) invalidate any State law in effect on the date of enactment of this Act that substantially provides for the rights and responsibilities specified by this Act solely because such State law permits employees to appear on their own behalf with respect to their employment relations with the public safety agency involved; (4) permit parties subject to the National Labor Relations Act and its regulations to negotiate provisions that would prohibit an employee from engaging in part-time employment or volunteer activities during off-duty hours; or (5) prohibit a State from exempting from coverage under this Act a local government that serves a population of less than 5,000 or that employs less than 25 full-time employees (not including individuals elected by popular vote or appointed to serve on a board or commission). Prohibits any State from preempting local government laws or ordinances that provide collective bargaining rights for public safety officers that are equal to or greater than the rights provided under this Act. (Sec. 9) Authorizes appropriations.