instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
The Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) is a brief 3-item stroke severity assessment measure designed for prehospital and Emergency Department use.', 'The LAMS and NIHSS were scored in under-12-hour acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients. Stroke severity ratings were correlated with cervicocerebral vascular occlusion on CTA, MRA, and catheter angiography. Receiver operating curves, c statistics, and likelihood ratios were used to evaluate the predictive value for vascular occlusion of stroke severity ratings.', 'Among 119 patients, mean age was 67 (+/-18), 45% were male. Time from onset to ED arrival was mean 190 minutes (range 10 to 660). Persisting large vessel occlusions (PLVOs) were present in 62% of patients. LAMS stroke severity scores were higher in patients harboring a vascular occlusion, median 5 (IQR 4 to 5) versus 2 (IQR 1 to 3). Similarly, NIHSS stroke severity scores were higher in PLVO patients, 19 (14 to 24) versus 5 (3 to 7). ROC curves demonstrated that the LAMS was highly effective in identifying patients with PLVOs, c statistic 0.854. At the optimal threshold of 4 or higher, LAMS scores showed sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.89, and overall accuracy 0.85. LAMS performance was comparable to NIHSS performance (c statistic 0.933). The positive likelihood ratio associated with a LAMS score > or = 4 was 7.36 and the negative likelihood ratio 0.21.
answer:
Does a brief prehospital stroke severity scale identify ischemic stroke patients harboring persisting large arterial occlusions?


question:
To investigate the relationship between mean platelet volume (MPV) and glycometabolic indices, to compare MPV according to HbA1c levels, and to analyse the difference in MPV between patients with and without microvascular complications.', 'This retrospective study was conducted on 60 Type 2 diabetic patients and 50 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. We obtained demographic, clinical and laboratory data including MPV, platelet count, fasting and postprandial blood glucose (FBG and PBG), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile, creatinine, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) in patient and control groups, and diabetic microvascular complications including nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy in the patient group. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 15.0 for Windows.', 'Mean platelet volume in the diabetic group was higher than in the control group (p = 0.001). Mean platelet volume was positively correlated with FBG and HbA1c levels (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001, respectively). It was also negatively related to platelet count (p < 0.001). Mean platelet volume in patients with HbA1c > 7% was significantly higher than those with HbA1c ≤ 7% (p < 0.001). Mean platelet volume was significantly increased in patients with retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy (p = 0.04).
answer:
Is mean platelet volume associated with glycaemic control and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?


question:
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is initiated by allograft endothelial injury. We hypothesized that a major mechanism by which cytomegalovirus (CMV) could contribute to CAV is by dysregulation of the endothelial vasomotor response.', 'Coronary endothelial vasomotor function was determined in 183 consecutive patients (24+/-33 months after transplantation), and was correlated with recipient and donor CMV serological status before transplantation and with documented CMV infection episodes (CMVpp65Ag+). Serial endothelial function measurements were performed in a subgroup of 53 transplant recipients (1 month and 12 months after transplantation). The composite endpoint of cardiovascular related events and death during a follow-up of 66+/-41 months was analyzed based on the CMV serological status before transplantation.', 'The medium event-free time for CMV-negative recipients of CMV-positive hearts was 8.1 years compared with 13.3 years for the other groups (P<0.05). Distal epicardial but not microvascular endothelial function was significantly impaired in CMV seronegative recipients of seropositive donor hearts (n=48) compared with all other groups (P<0.01 versus seronegative recipient/seronegative donor; P<0.05 versus seropositive recipient/seronegative donor; P<0.05 versus seropositive recipient/seropositive donor). Distal epicardial endothelial dysfunction was more pronounced in heart transplant recipients with a history of documented CMV infection compared with patients without any documented CMV infection (P<0.01). In a longitudinal subgroup analysis, distal epicardial and microcirculatory endothelial vasomotor response deteriorated significantly in recipients with documented CMV infection (P<0.05 versus baseline) but not in patients without previous CMV infection.
answer:

Is cytomegalovirus infection in heart transplant recipients associated with impaired endothelial function?