Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Context: In mice, a subpopulation of gut dendritic cells (DCs) expressing CD103 drives the development of regulatory T (T(reg)) cells. Further, it was recently described that the cross-talk between human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and DCs helps in maintaining gut immune homeostasis via the induction of non-inflammatory DCs. In this study, an analysis was carried out to determine whether IECs could promote the differentiation of CD103+ tolerogenic DCs, and the function of primary CD103+ DCs isolated from human mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) was evaluated.', "Monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) and circulating CD1c+ DCs were conditioned or not with supernatants from Caco-2 cells or IECs isolated from healthy donors or donors with Crohn's disease and analysed for their ability to induce T(reg) cell differentiation. In some cases, transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), retinoic acid (RA) or thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were neutralised before conditioning. CD103+ and CD103- DCs were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from MLNs and used in T(reg) cell differentiation experiments.", "It was found that human IECs promoted the differentiation of tolerogenic DCs able to drive the development of adaptive Foxp3+ T(reg) cells. This control was lost in patients with Crohn's disease and paralleled a reduced expression of tolerogenic factors by primary IECs. MoDCs differentiated with RA or IEC supernatant upregulated the expression of CD103. Consistently, human primary CD103+ DCs isolated from MLNs were endowed with the ability to drive T(reg) cell differentiation. This subset of DCs expressed CCR7 and probably represents a lamina propria-derived migratory population.
Answer: A population of tolerogenic CD103+ DCs was identified in the human gut that probably differentiate in response to IEC-derived factors and drive T(reg) cell development.

A: Do human intestinal epithelial cells promote the differentiation of tolerogenic dendritic cells?
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Q: Context: The use of cultured keratinocyte (CK) allografts for burn wounds offers a potentially unlimited supply of skin. It is unknown, however, whether CK allografts induce rejection in vivo. This study investigated the induction of immune responsiveness to CK allografts as measured by mixed lymphocyte response and serum cytotoxic antibody.', 'Female CBA mice (n = 160) were randomized to four equal groups, each receiving a 3 cm2 flank graft of autologous CBA CK (Auto CK), allogeneic C57BL/6 CK (Allo CK), C57BL/6 full thickness skin (Allo FT), or Sham. Graft take was assessed by gross and histologic examinations. Unidirectional mixed lymphocyte response was measured with graft recipient and donor splenocytes by use of tritiated thymidine uptake. Stimulation indexes were calculated. Serum cytotoxic antibody was measured by coculturing graft recipient serum with donor splenocytes and rabbit complement and assessing resultant cell killing.', 'Overall graft take was 50% for Allo CK and 74% for Auto CK, Allo FT, but not Allo CK, were associated with significantly increased stimulation indexes compared with Auto CK and Sham (p < 0.01). Allo FT, but not Allo CK, resulted in elevated titers of alloantibody, reaching significant levels 10 days after grafting (p < 0.05).
Answer: CK allografts do not result in increased in vitro T cell responses or enhanced alloantibody formation, indicating that sensitization to major histocompatibility antigens by CK does not occur. These data suggest that CK allografts may provide a possible source of grafts for victims of large burn wounds.

A: Do cultured keratinocyte allografts fail to induce sensitization in vivo?
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Q: Context: Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) may have a role in disordered folliculogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Though there have been several investigations into circulating AMH levels in patients with PCOS, no previous studies have compared AMH concentrations in the follicular fluid of unstimulated ovaries in women with PCOS with that of normally ovulating women.', 'Follicular fluid was aspirated from 4-8-mm follicles of unstimulated ovaries during routine laparoscopy or laparotomy from women with anovulatory PCOS (n = 11) and those with regular ovulatory cycles (n = 8). Follicular AMH was compared in the two groups. Serum samples were analysed for AMH and endocrine profile.', 'Follicular fluid AMH levels were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in women with anovulatory PCOS (median: 466.2 ng/ml) compared with normal-ovulatory controls (median: 78.0 ng/ml). Mean follicular fluid AMH levels in PCOS patients were 60 times higher than in the serum. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the follicular fluid and serum concentrations of AMH in the PCOS group (r = 0.86; P = 0.007) but not in controls.
Answer: Highly elevated AMH in follicular fluid from PCOS patients in contrast to age-matched normal controls suggests that increased circulating concentrations of AMH are partly due to the increased production of AMH by individual follicles and not simply attributable to the increased number of small antral follicles. This suggests an intrinsic abnormality in the ovarian follicles themselves in PCOS, which could contribute to disordered folliculogenesis.

A:
Is anti-Mullerian hormone increased in follicular fluid from unstimulated ovaries in women with polycystic ovary syndrome?
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