Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: Allopregnanolone (ALLO) is a physiologically relevant neurosteroid modulator of GABA(A) receptors, and it exhibits a psychopharmacological profile that closely resembles the post-ingestive effects of ethanol. The 5alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride (FIN), which inhibits biosynthesis of ALLO and structurally related neurosteroids, was previously demonstrated to reduce the maintenance of limited-access ethanol consumption. The primary aim of the current work was to determine whether FIN would reduce the acquisition of drinking in ethanol-naïve mice.', 'Male C57BL/6J (B6) mice were acclimated to a reverse light/dark schedule, and were provided ad libitum access to chow and water. Following habituation to vehicle injections (VEH; 20% w/v beta-cyclodextrin; i.p.) administered 22-hour prior to drinking sessions with water only, mice were divided into 3 treatment groups: vehicle control (VEH), 50 mg/kg FIN (FIN-50), and 100 mg/kg FIN (FIN-100). Twenty-two hours after the first treatment, mice were permitted the inaugural 2-hour limited access to a 10% v/v ethanol solution (10E) and water. The acquisition of 10E consumption and underlying drinking patterns were assessed during FIN treatment (7 days) and subsequent FIN withdrawal (13 days) phases.', 'FIN dose-dependently blocked the acquisition of 10E drinking and prevented the development of ethanol preference, thereby suggesting that the GABAergic neurosteroids may be important in the establishment of stable drinking patterns. FIN-elicited reductions in 10E intake were primarily attributable to selective and marked reductions in bout frequency, as no changes were observed in bout size, duration, or lick rates following FIN treatment. FIN-treated mice continued to exhibit attenuated ethanol consumption after 2 weeks post-treatment, despite a full recovery in brain ALLO levels. A second study confirmed the rightward and downward shift in the acquisition of ethanol intake following 7 daily FIN injections. While there were no significant group differences in brain ALLO levels following the seventh day of ethanol drinking, ALLO levels were decreased by 28% in the FIN-50 group.
Answer: Although the exact mechanism is unclear, FIN and other pharmacological interventions that modulate the GABAergic system may prove useful in curbing ethanol intake acquisition in at-risk individuals.

Answer: Does inhibition of 5alpha-reduced steroid biosynthesis impede acquisition of ethanol drinking in male C57BL/6J mice?


Question: Context: To distinguish whether the improvement of hepatic encephalopathy by benzodiazepine receptor antagonists is mediated by their antagonistic or their inverse agonistic properties, the neurobehavioral effects of a variety of benzodiazepine receptor ligands in rats with thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure were tested.', 'The neural inhibitory effect of the benzodiazepine agonist flunitrazepam and its reversibility by the "pure" antagonist Ro 14-7437 were examined in thioacetamide-treated rats and controls. The effects of Ro 14-7437, of the partial inverse agonist Ro 15-4513, and the inverse agonist DMCM in rats with hepatic encephalopathy grade II/III were tested. Encephalopathic rats were pretreated with Ro 14-7437 or vehicle and then injected with Ro 15-4513.', 'Thioacetamide-treated rats were more sensitive to flunitrazepam than controls. In both groups, its effect was completely antagonized with Ro 14-7437. Encephalopathy was significantly improved by Ro 15-4513, although Ro 14-7437 and vehicle had no effect. DMCM worsened the condition of encephalopathic rats but had no effect in controls. Pretreatment with Ro 14-7437 abolished the beneficial effects of Ro 15-4513.
Answer: In rats with thioacetamide-induced liver failure, endogenous benzodiazepines do not precipitate hepatic encephalopathy. The amelioration of hepatic encephalopathy is mediated by benzodiazepine receptor ligands with both antagonistic and inverse agonistic properties.

Answer: Is hepatic encephalopathy in rats with thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure mediated by endogenous benzodiazepines?


Question: Context: Chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) has certain similarities with autoimmune diseases and is associated with the development of various autoantibodies in some patients. In this study, we analyzed the occurrence of autoantibodies in 63 patients surviving longer than 3 months after an allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with the aim of detecting a possible association between occurrence of autoantibodies and development of chronic GVHD and immune recovery after HSCT.', 'The patients were screened every 3 months for the occurrence of the following autoantibodies: anti-nuclear (ANA), anti-mitochondrial (AMA), anti-smooth muscle (ASMA), anti-cardiolipin (ACLA), anti-liver-kidney microsomal (LKM), anti-DNA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic (ANCA), and anti-thyroid antibodies. Peripheral blood immunophenotyping with anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD20, CD16, and CD56 antibodies was evaluated at the same intervals.', 'Autoantibodies were not found in 18 patients (29%), at least in one screening in 29 patients (46%), and in all screenings in 16 patients (25%). ANA were found in 41 patients (65%), AMA in 4 (6%), ASMA in 4 (6%), ANCA in 7 (11%), ACLA in 1 (2%), anti-thyroid antibodies in 3 (5%), and anti-DNA in 2 (3%). More than one antibody occurred in 16/63 (25%) positive patients. ANA was significantly more frequent in patients with chronic GVHD and, among these, in those with the extensive form. The nucleolar pattern of immunofluorescence of ANA but not its titer was correlated with the extension of chronic GVHD. Patients who developed autoantibodies had higher CD20(+) cell blood counts than negative patients in the third month (p=0.006), ninth month (p=0.061), and twelfth month (p=0.043).
Answer: We conclude that patients with chronic GVHD, particularly those with an extensive involvement, were likely to develop autoantibodies and have a faster B-cell recovery, suggesting a role of B cells in the pathogenesis of chronic GVHD.

Answer:
Is the development of autoantibodies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation related with chronic graft-vs-host disease and immune recovery?