instruction:
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
question:
Context_1 : Jack Sharkey (Lithuanian: "Juozas Povilas Žukauskas" , October 26, 1902 – August 17, 1994) was an American world heavyweight boxing champion. He was born Joseph Paul Zukauskas (his birth surname is sometimes given as Cukoschay), the son of Lithuanian immigrants, in Binghamton, New York but moved to Boston, Massachusetts as a young man. Sources report little of his early life until, at the outset of the First World War, teenaged Joseph repeatedly tried to enlist in the Navy. Turned down because of his age, he was not able to enlist until after the end of the war. Context_2 : Percy Rodriguez (June 13, 1918 – September 6, 2007) was a Canadian actor who appeared in many television shows and films from the 1950s to the 1980s. Born in the Saint-Henri neighbourhood in Montreal, his birth surname was "Rodrigues," but after it was misspelled in a Broadway program early in his career, "Rodriguez" became his "de facto" stage name and most of his acting credits are under that spelling. He was of Afro-Portuguese heritage. Context_3 : Kardin was born in Vienna to Leopold Maria and Margit Indrak. (His chosen artist name "Kardin" is an anagram of his birth surname.) He studied art in Berlin at the Academy of Arts until the second World War. From 1940 he worked as a painter in the film industry while also pursuing his own personal landscape works. After the war, he resumed his art studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. In 1965, he dedicated himself to working solely as a freelance artist, exhibiting across Europe and the United States, particularly in Germany and France. Context_4 : Mikheil Javakhishvili (Georgian: მიხეილ ჯავახიშვილი ; birth surname: Adamashvili ადამაშვილი) (8 November 1880 – 30 September 1937) was a Georgian novelist who is regarded as one of the top twentieth-century Georgian writers. His first story appeared in 1903, but then the writer lapsed into a long pause before returning to writing in the early 1920s. His recalcitrance to the Soviet ideological pressure cost him life: he was executed during the Great Purge and his writings were banned for nearly twenty years. In the words of the modern British scholar of Russian and Georgian literature, Donald Rayfield, "his vivid story-telling, straight in medias res, his buoyant humour, subtle irony, and moral courage merit comparison with those of Stendhal, Guy de Maupassant, and Émile Zola. In modern Georgian prose only Konstantine Gamsakhurdia could aspire to the same international level." Context_5 : Pyotr Dmitryvich Telezhnikov (birth surname Schreider; born 31 March 1863) was an Imperial Russian division, corps and army commander. He was made a Poruchik in 1886, a Stabskapitän in 1890, a captain in 1892, a Podpolkovnik (lieutenant colonel) in 1896, a Polkovnik (colonel) in 1900 and a major general in 1909. He fought in the war against the Empire of Japan. He retained his original German surname until the war against the German Empire and Austria-Hungary, when changed it to a Russian one. In October 1917, he left Minsk for Petrograd. After the October Revolution, he offered his services to the Soviet Red Army, where he was stationed at Yaroslavsky District, Yaroslavl Oblast from January to December 1919. He retired on August 7, 1920. Context_6 : Marva J. Dawn (born August 20, 1948, in Napoleon, Ohio) is an American Christian theologian, author, musician and educator, associated with the parachurch organization Christians Equipped for Ministry in Vancouver, Washington. She also serves as Teaching Fellow in Spiritual Theology at Regent College in Vancouver, British Columbia. Dawn is generally perceived as a Lutheran evangelical. She often writes in a paleo-orthodox style, stressing the importance of Christian tradition and the wisdom of the Church through the centuries. Her birth surname is Gersmehl; Dawn is a pseudonym. Context_7 : Jayne Meadows (born Jane Meadows Cotter; September 27, 1919 – April 26, 2015), also known as Jayne Meadows-Allen, was an American stage, film and television actress, as well as an author and lecturer. She was nominated for three Emmy Awards during her career and was the elder sister of actress and memoirist Audrey Meadows. Context_8 : Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli (birth surname Dudanginski, (Russian: Абдулрахман Фаталибейли-Дудангинский , Azerbaijani: "Ədrürrəhman bəy Fətəlibəyli-Düdənginski" ) or Abo Alioglu Fatalibeyli-Dudanginsky Або Алиевич Дудангинский / "Əbo Əliyeviç Düdənginski"), born Abo Dudanginski (June 12, 1908, Dudanga – November 1954, Munich) was a Soviet army major who defected to the German forces during World War II. Context_9 : Lady in the Lake is a 1947 American film noir that marked the directorial debut of Robert Montgomery, who also stars in the film. The picture also features Audrey Totter, Lloyd Nolan, Tom Tully, Leon Ames and Jayne Meadows. The murder mystery was an adaptation of the 1944 Raymond Chandler novel "The Lady in the Lake". The film was Montgomery's last for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, after eighteen years with the studio. Context_10 : When a person (traditionally the wife in many cultures) assumes the family name of his or her spouse, that name replaces the person's birth surname, which in the case of the wife is called the maiden name (birth name is also used as a gender-neutral or masculine substitute for maiden name), whereas a married name is a family name or surname adopted by a person upon marriage. fact_1 :  The picture also features Audrey Totter, Lloyd Nolan, Tom Tully, Leon Ames and Jayne Meadows. fact_2 : Jayne Meadows (born Jane Meadows Cotter; September 27, 1919 – April 26, 2015), also known as Jayne Meadows-Allen, was an American stage, film and television actress, as well as an author and lecturer. Question: What actress with birth surname Cotter starred in Lady in the Lake?
answer:
Jayne Meadows


question:
Context_1 : Estrogen (American English) or oestrogen (British English) is the primary female sex hormone as well as a medication. It is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. "Estrogen" may also refer to any substance, natural or synthetic, that mimics the effects of the natural hormone. The estrane steroid estradiol is the most potent and prevalent endogenous estrogen, although several metabolites of estradiol also have estrogenic hormonal activity. Estrogens are used as medications as part of some oral contraceptives, in hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal, hypogonadal, and transgender women, and in the treatment of certain hormone-sensitive cancers like prostate cancer and breast cancer. They are one of three types of sex hormones, the others being androgens/anabolic steroids like testosterone and progestogens like progesterone. Context_2 : The sex hormone receptors, or sex steroid receptors, are a group of steroid hormone receptors that interact with the sex hormones, the androgens, estrogens, and progestogens. They include the: Context_3 : Estriol (E3), also spelled oestriol, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone. It is one of three major endogenous estrogens, the others being estradiol and estrone. Levels of estriol in women who are not pregnant are almost undetectable. However, during pregnancy, estriol is synthesized in very high quantities by the placenta and is the most produced estrogen in the body by far, although circulating levels of estriol are similar to those of other estrogens due to a relatively high rate of metabolism and excretion. Relative to estradiol, both estriol and estrone have far weaker activity as estrogens. Although it is less commonly used than other estrogens, estriol is available for medical use throughout the world in a variety of formulations, including for oral and vaginal administration. Context_4 : Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is a steroid, an estrogen, and the primary female sex hormone. It is named for and is important in the regulation of the estrous and menstrual female reproductive cycles. Estradiol is essential for the development and maintenance of female reproductive tissues such as the breasts, uterus, and vagina during puberty, adulthood, and pregnancy, but it also has important effects in many other tissues, including bone, fat, skin, liver, and the brain. While estrogen levels in men are lower compared to those in women, estrogens have essential functions in men, as well. It is found in most vertebrates and crustaceans, insects, fish, and other animal species. Context_5 : Sex steroids, also known as gonadocorticoids and gonadal steroids, are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate androgen or estrogen receptors. Their effects are mediated by slow genomic mechanisms through nuclear receptors as well as by fast nongenomic mechanisms through membrane-associated receptors and signaling cascades. The term sex hormone is nearly always synonymous with "sex steroid". The polypeptide hormones luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone are usually not regarded as sex hormones, although they play major sex-related roles. Context_6 : Female sex tourism is sex tourism by women who travel intending to engage in sexual activities with a sex worker. Female sex tourists may seek aspects of the sexual relationship not shared by their male counterpart, such as perceived romance and intimacy. Women – especially wealthy, single, older white women – plan their holidays to have romance and sex with a companion who knows how to make them feel special and give them attention. The prevalence of female sex tourism is significantly lower than male sex tourism. Context_7 : G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "GPER" gene. GPER binds to and is activated by the female sex hormone estradiol and is responsible for some of the rapid effects that estradiol has on cells. Context_8 : Estrone (E1), also spelled oestrone, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone. It is one of three major endogenous estrogens, the others being estradiol and estriol. Estrone, as well as the other estrogens, are synthesized from cholesterol and secreted mainly from the gonads, though they can also be formed from adrenal androgens in adipose tissue. Relative to estradiol, both estrone and estriol have far weaker activity as estrogens. Previously, estrone was available as an injected estrogen for medical use, but it is now no longer marketed. Context_9 : Pregnenolone acetate (brand names Antofin, Previsone, Pregno-Pan), also known as pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one 3β-acetate, is a synthetic pregnane steroid and an ester of pregnenolone which is described as a glucocorticoid and as a skin-conditioning and skin anti-aging agent. It has been found to significantly reduce wrinkles in elderly women when applied in the form of a 0.5% topical cream, effects which were suggested to be due to improved hydration of the skin. Pregnenolone acetate has been marketed in France in a topical cream containing 1% pregnenolone acetate and 10% "sex hormone" for the treatment of premature skin aging but was withdrawn from the market in 1992. Although the drug has been described by some sources as a glucocorticoid, other authors have stated that systemic pregnenolone acetate has no undesirable metabolic or toxic effects even at high dosages. Context_10 : Deslorelin acetate is an injectable gonadotropin releasing hormone super-agonist (GnRH agonist) also known as an LHRH agonist. Via its indirect action, following an initial surge the production of sex hormones (Androgen and Estrogen) tapers off. fact_1 : Deslorelin acetate is an injectable gonadotropin releasing hormone super-agonist (GnRH agonist) also known as an LHRH agonist. fact_2 :  Via its indirect action, following an initial surge the production of sex hormones (Androgen and Estrogen) tapers off. fact_3 : Estrogen (American English) or oestrogen (British English) is the primary female sex hormone as well as a medication. Question: Which female sex hormone, is Deslorelin acetate known to taper off?
answer:
Estrogen


question:
Context_1 : Maggie Castle (born August 7, 1983) is a Canadian actress, most known for her role as Sarah Olsen in the Disney Channel Original Movie "Starstruck" and for her role as Jenny in "Todd and the Book of Pure Evil". She also provided the voice of Molly MacDonald on the "PBS Kids" animated series "Arthur". Context_2 : Jem and the Holograms is a 2015 American musical fantasy drama film co-produced and directed by Jon M. Chu, written by Ryan Landels, and starring Aubrey Peeples as the title character, Stefanie Scott, Hayley Kiyoko, Aurora Perrineau, Ryan Guzman, Molly Ringwald, and Juliette Lewis. Borrowing elements from the 1980s animated television series "Jem" by Christy Marx, the film was produced by Hasbro Studios and Blumhouse Productions. Chu's interest in developing a film adaptation of "Jem" is based on having grown up watching the original animated series with his sisters. He had attempted to make the film 11 years earlier, but was rejected by Universal due to the cost. Context_3 : These are lists of animated television series. Animated television series are television programs produced by means of animation. Animated series produced for theaters are not included in this lists; for those, see List of animated short series. These lists include compilation series of theatrical shorts such as "The Bugs Bunny Show" since they often feature some new wrap-around animation. Context_4 : Linus the Lionhearted is an American animated television series featuring a main character of the same name. The character was created in 1959, by the Ed Graham advertising agency, originally as a series of ads for General Foods' Post Cereals. At first, Linus was the spokesman for the short-lived Post cereal "Heart of Oats" (a Cheerios imitation). Eventually, the lion was redesigned and reintroduced in 1963, to sell Crispy Critters, which featured Linus on the box. The ads were so popular that a television series was created in 1964 (with General Foods as sponsor), and ran on the CBS network until 1966, then reruns [in color] aired on ABC from 1966, until it was cancelled three years later. A coloring book was published which detailed the adventures of So-Hi going on a scavenger hunt in order to break a curse on a two-headed bird, who is then transformed into a boy due to So-Hi's dedication. Context_5 : Jeff "Swampy" Marsh (born December 9, 1960) is an American animator, writer, director, producer, and voice actor associated with several animated television series, most notably as the co-creator, executive producer, and voice of Major Monogram of Disney's animated series "Phineas and Ferb". Marsh was born in Santa Monica, California, where he grew up with a heavily blended family dynamic. Marsh has been and continues to be a driving force behind several animation projects, working for over six seasons on the animated television series "The Simpsons". Marsh continued to work on other animated television series, including "King of the Hill" and "Rocko's Modern Life," before moving to England in 1996. Context_6 : Molly MacDonald, Lady of Glenbogle, is a fictional character in the Scottish BBC drama TV series "Monarch of the Glen". Molly is played by English actress Susan Hampshire. She is not to be confused with the character of the same name from the 1996 children's television series "Arthur". Context_7 : Rodger Bumpass (born November 20, 1951) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for his long-running role as Squidward Tentacles on the American animated television series "SpongeBob SquarePants". He voices many other characters on the show, including Dr. Forrest and various anchovies. He also voiced The Chief in the animated series "Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego?", and Mr. Besser, the school principal in the animated series "The Kids from Room 402". Bumpass has many other credits in animated films, animated television series, and video games. Context_8 : Lew Archer is a fictional character created by Ross Macdonald. Archer is a private detective working in Southern California. Between the late 1940s and the early 1970s, the character appeared in 18 novels and a handful of shorter works as well as several film and television adaptations. Macdonald's Archer novels have been praised for building on the foundations of hardboiled fiction by introducing more literary themes and psychological depth to the genre. Critic John Leonard declared that Macdonald had surpassed the limits of crime fiction to become "a major American novelist" while Pulitzer Prize winning author Eudora Welty was a fan of the series and carried on a lengthy correspondence with Macdonald. The editors of "Thrilling Detective" wrote: "The greatest P.I. series ever written? Probably." Context_9 : Generation O! is an American animated television comedy series made by Sunbow Entertainment, with co-production provided by Wang Films in Taiwan and Ravensberger in Germany. There are also international versions of the series called "Molly O!". Generation O! was originally called "Molly O!" and was created by David Hale, Tim Newman and James Proimos, based on an original idea by Hale and Newman. Executive Producers were Carole Wietzman, Martha Ripp and Ken Olshansky. The Creative Producer and Director was Mike Milo and the Line Producer was Jodey Kaminsky-Cashman. Most of the episodes were written by Suzanne Collins, author of The Underland Chronicles and The Hunger Games trilogy. John Hardman was the production exec at The WB. Context_10 : Arthur is a Canadian/American animated educational television series for children, created by Cookie Jar Group (formerly known as Cinar) and WGBH for PBS. The show is set in the fictional American city of Elwood City, and revolves around the lives of 8-year-old Arthur Read, an anthropomorphic aardvark, his friends and family, and their daily interactions with each other. fact_1 :  She is not to be confused with the character of the same name from the 1996 children's television series "Arthur". fact_2 : Arthur is a Canadian/American animated educational television series for children, created by Cookie Jar Group (formerly known as Cinar) and WGBH for PBS. Question: Who created the animated television series that has a character with the name Molly MacDonald?
answer:

Cookie Jar Group