In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Context: Two recent genome-wide association studies identified the liver expressed transmembrane protein adiponutrin to be associated with liver related phenotypes such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver function enzymes. These associations were not uniformly reported for various ethnicities. The aim of this study was to investigate a common non-synonymous variant within adiponutrin (rs738409, exon 3) with parameters of liver function in three independent West Eurasian study populations including a total of 4290 participants.', 'The study was performed in (1) the population based Bruneck Study (n=783), (2) the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk Study from Austria based on a healthy working population (n=1705), and the Utah Obesity Case-Control Study including a group of 1019 severely obese individuals (average body mass index 46.0 kg/m(2)) and 783 controls from the same geographical region of Utah. Liver enzymes measured were alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT).', 'A strong recessive association of this polymorphism was found with age and gender adjusted ALT and AST concentrations: being homozygous for the minor allele resulted in a highly significant increase of ALT concentration of 3.53 U/l (p=1.86 x 10(-9)) and of AST concentration of 2.07 U/l (p=9.58 x 10(-6)), respectively. The associations were consistently found in all three study populations.\Question: Does a common variant in the adiponutrin gene influence liver enzyme values?
The highly significant associations of this transversion polymorphism within the adiponutrin gene with increased ALT and AST concentrations support a role for adiponutrin as a susceptibility gene for hepatic dysfunction.

Context: Insomnia increases in prevalence with age, is strongly associated with depression, and has been identified as a risk factor for suicide in several studies. The aim of this study was to determine whether insomnia severity varies between those who have attempted suicide (n = 72), those who only contemplate suicide (n = 28), and those who are depressed but have no suicidal ideation or attempt history (n = 35).', 'Participants were middle-aged and older adults (age 44-87, M = 66 years) with depression. Insomnia severity was measured as the sum of the early, middle, and late insomnia items from the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. General linear models examined relations between group status as the independent variable and insomnia severity as the dependent variable.', 'The suicide attempt group suffered from more severe insomnia than the suicidal ideation and non-suicidal depressed groups (p < 0.05). Differences remained after adjusting for potential confounders including demographics, cognitive ability, alcohol dependence in the past month, severity of depressed mood, anxiety, and physical health burden. Moreover, greater insomnia severity in the suicide attempt group could not be explained by interpersonal difficulties, executive functioning, benzodiazepine use, or by the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder.\Question: Is insomnia associated with suicide attempt in middle-aged and older adults with depression?
Our results suggest that insomnia may be more strongly associated with suicidal behavior than with the presence of suicidal thoughts alone. Accordingly, insomnia is a potential treatment target for reducing suicide risk in middle-aged and older adults.

Context: Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent which causes apoptosis or necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that mediate apoptosis (caspase-3) and inflammation (caspase-1). Although well studied in vitro, caspases have not been previously studied in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in vivo.', 'Cisplatin (30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into wild-type and caspase-1-deficient (-/-) C57BL/6 mice. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and renal caspase-1, -3, -8 and -9 activity were measured on days 1, 2, and 3 after cisplatin injection. Kidneys were examined for acute tubular necrosis (ATN), neutrophils, and apoptosis on days 1, 2, and 3.', 'After cisplatin injection, serum creatinine and BUN were normal on day 1, began to increase on day 2, and peaked on day 3. Similarly, ATN scores and neutrophil counts peaked on day 3. In contrast, renal apoptosis significantly increased on day 2. Renal dysfunction, apoptosis, ATN scores and neutrophil infiltration were all reduced in the caspase-1(-/-) mice. In wild-type mice, caspase-1 and -3 activity increased on days 2 and 3. Caspase-3 activity was reduced by approximately 50% in caspase-1(-/-) mice; active caspase-3 detected by immunoblot was also reduced in caspase-1(-/-) mice. In vitro, addition of recombinant caspases to kidney cytosolic extracts determined that caspase-1 activates caspase-3 in renal tissue.\Question: Are caspase-1-deficient mice protected against cisplatin-induced apoptosis and acute tubular necrosis?

These results indicate that caspase-1 contributes to cisplatin-induced ARF and ATN (day 3). Furthermore, caspase-1 affects caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in cisplatin-induced ARF (day 2).