In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Example Input: Context: To investigate the independent relationship of individual- and area-level socio-economic status (SES) with the presence and severity of visual impairment (VI) in an Asian population.', 'Cross-sectional data from 9993 Chinese, Malay and Indian adults aged 40-80 years who participated in the Singapore Epidemiology of eye Diseases (2004-2011) in Singapore. Based on the presenting visual acuity (PVA) in the better-seeing eye, VI was categorized into normal vision (logMAR≤0.30), low vision (logMAR>0.30<1.00), and blindness (logMAR≥1.00). Any VI was defined as low vision/blindness in the PVA of better-seeing eye. Individual-level low-SES was defined as a composite of primary-level education, monthly income<2000 SGD and residing in 1 or 2-room public apartment. An area-level SES was assessed using a socio-economic disadvantage index (SEDI), created using 12 variables from the 2010 Singapore census. A high SEDI score indicates a relatively poor SES. Associations between SES measures and presence and severity of VI were examined using multi-level, mixed-effects logistic and multinomial regression models.', 'The age-adjusted prevalence of any VI was 19.62% (low vision = 19%, blindness = 0.62%). Both individual- and area-level SES were positively associated with any VI and low vision after adjusting for confounders. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of any VI was 2.11(1.88-2.37) for low-SES and 1.07(1.02-1.13) per 1 standard deviation increase in SEDI. When stratified by unilateral/bilateral categories, while low SES showed significant associations with all categories, SEDI showed a significant association with bilateral low vision only. The association between low SES and any VI remained significant among all age, gender and ethnic sub-groups. Although a consistent positive association was observed between area-level SEDI and any VI, the associations were significant among participants aged 40-65 years and male.\Question: Do composite Measures of Individual and Area-Level Socio-Economic Status Are Associated with Visual Impairment in Singapore?
Example Output: In this community-based sample of Asian adults, both individual- and area-level SES were independently associated with the presence and severity of VI.

Example Input: Context: Celastrol is an active ingredient of traditional herbal medicine and has recently been identified as a potent natural proteasome inhibitor. In the present study, we evaluated the radiosensitizing potential of celastrol in the human prostate cancer PC-3 model.', 'Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the radiosensitizing effect of celastrol. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry using Annexin V and propidium iodide staining and by a caspase-3 activation assay. DNA damage processing was examined by immunofluorescent staining and Western blot for phosphorylated H2AX (gammaH2AX). The PC-3 xenograft model in the athymic nude mouse was used for the determination of the in vivo efficacy of celastrol combined with radiotherapy. The tumor samples were also analyzed for apoptosis and angiogenesis.', 'Celastrol sensitized PC-3 cells to ionizing radiation (IR) in a dose- and schedule-dependent manner, in which pretreatment with celastrol for 1 h followed by IR achieved maximal radiosensitization. Celastrol significantly prolonged the presence of IR-induced gammaH2AX and increased IR-induced apoptosis. Celastrol, combined with fractionated radiation, significantly inhibited PC-3 tumor growth in vivo without obvious systemic toxicity. The combination treatment increased gammaH2AX levels and apoptosis, induced cleavage of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase and Mcl-1, and reduced angiogenesis in vivo compared with either treatment alone.\Question: Does celastrol potentiate radiotherapy by impairment of DNA damage processing in human prostate cancer?
Example Output: Celastrol sensitized PC-3 cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo by impairing DNA damage processing and augmenting apoptosis. Celastrol might represent a promising new adjuvant regimen for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

Example Input: Context: Gene therapy is a new method used to induce cancer cell differentiation. Our group previously showed that transfection of the gef gene from Escherichia coli, related to cell-killing functions, may be a novel candidate for cancer gene therapy. Its expression leads to cell cycle arrest unrelated to the triggering of apoptosis in MS-36 melanoma cells.', 'To determine the basis of the antiproliferative effect of the gef gene in this cell line.', 'Transmission electron microscopy, apoptosis analysis by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and immunocytochemical analysis were used.', 'Ultrastructural analysis showed a strikingly different morphology after treatment with dexamethasone and expression of the gef gene, with large accumulations of pigment throughout the cell cytoplasm and presence of melanosomes in different stages of development. High mitochondrial turnover and myeloid bodies, characteristics of neurone cells, were also observed. In addition, both immunocytochemical and indirect immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in HMB-45, Ki-67 and CD44 antigen expression and an increase in S100 and p53 expression in gef gene-transfected MS-36 melanoma cells that were correlated with the duration of dexamethasone treatment. In the present work, we report that gef gene not only reduces cell proliferation in transfected melanoma MS-36TG cell line but also induces morphological changes clearly indicative of melanoma cell differentiation and a reduction in tumour malignancy.\Question: Are tumour malignancy loss and cell differentiation associated with induction of gef gene in human melanoma cells?
Example Output:
These findings support the hypothesis that the gef gene offers a new approach to differentiation therapy in melanoma.