In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Q: overall, treating the motion as an amendment to defendants' new matter did not limit robinson's ability to present this case because common pleas afforded him the opportunity to amend his complaint and the district court had already thoroughly evaluated the merits of this case.

A: non-overruling
****
Q: id., 43. similar to our review of a suppression motion, we uphold the circuit court's findings of historical fact unless clearly erroneous, then independently apply constitutional principles to those facts.

A: non-overruling
****
Q: tex. dep't of pub. safety v. foster, 398 s.w.3d 887, 890 (tex. app.dallas 2013, no pet.). under this standard, we conduct an independent analysis of the record, giving no deference to the trial court's conclusions.

A:
non-overruling
****