Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Tinnitus can adversely affect patients' quality of life. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) may be effective in the management of tinnitus. No study has investigated the efficacy of TENS for the management of tinnitus by means of quality of life measures. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of TENS for the management of tinnitus symptoms by using the visual analogue scale (VAS), tinnitus handicap inventory test, Nottingham health profile (NHP) and short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires.", 'Twenty-two patients were included in this study (male/female, 16/6; mean age, 48.04 +/- 15.57 years). Nine patients had unilateral and 13 patients had bilateral tinnitus.', 'After TENS, improvement measured by VAS was only marginally significant (p = 0.059). However, after TENS, there were statistically significant improvements regarding tinnitus severity scores, tinnitus handicap inventory scores, NHP fatigue, social isolation and emotional problems scores, and many parameters measured by the SF-36 (physical functioning, general health, vitality, social functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health)(p < 0.05).

A: Does treatment of tinnitus with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improve patients ' quality of life?
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Q: The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for which erupted third molars (3M) are extracted in a sample of Mexican patients.', "A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 83 patients attending exodontia (minor oral surgery) clinics of a public university in Mexico (Autonomous University of Hidalgo State). The outcome variable was the reason for extractions using Kay and Blinkhorn's classification. The independent variables were age, gender, arch and tooth number according to the World Health Organization (WHO). For statistical analysis, we used the Chi-squared test in Stata 9.0.", 'Eighty-three patients underwent 150 3M extractions. Mean age was 38.67 ± 13.96 years, and 71.1% were female. The four reasons for 3M extraction were prosthetic (44.0%), followed by orthodontic (24.7%), dental caries (20.0%) and periodontal disease (11.3%). Differences were observed in the reasons for 3M extractions across age groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences existed between men and women (p > 0.05), or the WHO tooth number (p > 0.05).

A: Are reasons why erupted third molars extracted in a public university in Mexico?
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Q: Radiation therapy, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, is effective for patients with locally advanced and recurrent pancreatic cancer. Ionizing radiation induces cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis through enhancement several signals such as p53, p21(Waf1/Cip1), and caspase. However, the therapeutic efficacy is attenuated by radiation-induced activation of NF-κB. Nafamostat mesilate, a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, inhibits NF-κB activation in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that nafamostat mesilate inhibited radiation-induced activation of NF-κB and improves therapeutic outcome.', 'In combination group, NF-κB activation was significantly inhibited in comparison with that of radiation group. Nafamostat mesilate obviously down-regulated the expression levels of Mdm2 compared with control cells or irradiated cells. Consequently, p53 expression was stabilized inversely in correlation with Mdm2 protein expression level. The expression levels of p53, p21(Waf1/Cip1), cleaved caspase-3 and -8 were the highest in the combination group. Nafamostat mesilate enhanced ionizing radiation-induced cell apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. In combination group, cell proliferation and tumor growth were significantly slower than those in other groups.

A:
Do dual inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B and Mdm2 enhance the antitumor effect of radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer?
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