In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Context: Reg IV, a secreted protein and member of the Reg multigene family, is up-regulated in malignancies of the human gastrointestinal tract, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, in vitro signal transduction pathway(s) utilized by Reg IV are not yet known.', 'To determine the signaling pathway(s) responsive to Reg IV, we examined the effects of purified recombinant human Reg IV (rhR4) on HCT116 and HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cells.', 'Addition of rhR4 to cultures led to a dose-dependent increase in cell number similar to that observed after treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF). In addition, rhR4 treatment resulted in rapid phosphorylation of EGF receptor at Tyr992 and Tyr1068 and Akt at Thr308 and Ser473. Using luciferase reporter gene assays, we demonstrated that Reg IV signaling through EGF receptor and Akt results in increased activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor activity. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses revealed quantitative increases in c-Jun, JunB, JunD, and FosB expression associated with increased AP-1 activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay further revealed significant increases in AP-1 binding activity in rhR4-treated cells, with increased supershift in the presence of antibodies to JunB, JunD, and FosB. Furthermore, rhR4 treatments led to the increased expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, survivin, and matrilysin, genes associated with a poor prognosis in advanced CRC.\Question: Does reg IV activate the epidermal growth factor receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in colon adenocarcinomas?
Reg IV is a potent activator of the EGF receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in CRC. Disruption of Reg signaling may have utility as a therapeutic intervention for human gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.

Context: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic cancer (PCa) are characterized by intrapancreatic neuropathic alterations, including increased neural density and hypertrophy, pancreatic neuritis and neural invasion (NI) by cancer cells in PCa. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of these neuropathic changes on the quality of pancreatic innervation, intrapancreatic glia, and visceral pain.', 'Pancreatic nerve fiber qualities were characterized by immunohistochemical visualization of various markers, including those for sympathetic (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH) and cholinergic innervation (choline acetyltransferase, ChAT), as well as the glial transcription factor, Sox10, and the neuroepithelial progenitor cell marker, Nestin, in normal pancreas (NP, n=16), CP (n=20), and PCa (n=20) patients. The neural immunoreactivity scores of these markers were correlated with the severity of intrapancreatic neuropathic changes and with abdominal pain sensation of patients.', 'Pancreatic sympathetic innervation was significantly reduced in CP and PCa, whereas parasympathetic innervation did not show major changes. Nestin neuro-immunoreactivity was stronger, and Sox10-immunoreactivity was weaker in CP and PCa than in NP. Pancreatic sympathetic and cholinergic innervation was noticeably decreased in patients with severe pancreatic neuritis, NI by cancer cells, or abdominal pain. Moreover, the neural immunoreactivity for Sox10 and Nestin also varied with intrapancreatic neuropathic alterations and abdominal pain.\Question: Does pancreatic neuropathy result in `` neural remodeling '' and altered pancreatic innervation in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer?
The quality of intrapancreatic nerve fibers and the activation state of intrapancreatic glia in CP and PCa are strikingly different from those in normal pancreas. This novel phenomenon of "neural remodeling" shows how pancreatic neuropathic pain and "visceral neuropathy" are associated with altered pancreatic innervation in CP and PCa.

Context: miR-1290 is a newly discovered microRNA (miRNA), and its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-1290 in NSCLC tissues and serum, and explore its associations with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of NSCLC patients.', 'A total of 33 pairs of tissues and 73 serum samples were obtained from NSCLC patients and expression levels of miR-1290 were detected by specific TaqMan qRT-PCR. The relationship between miR-1290 expression levels in NSCLC tissues and serum and clinicopathological characteristics was estimated respectively. The correlation between serum miR-1290 expression levels and overall survival of NSCLC patients was performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model.', 'We determined that miR-1290 expression levels were increased significantly in NSCLC tissues compared with non-tumor adjacent normal tissues, and higher miR-1290 expression levels were positively correlated with high tumor stage (P=0.004) and positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.013). Compared with benign lung disease and healthy controls, serum levels of NSCLC patients exhibited higher expression of miR-1290. Furthermore, the up-regulation of serum miR-1290 more frequently occurred in NSCLC patients with high TNM stage, positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.022 and P=0.024, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that high serum miR-1290 expression levels predicted poor survival (P=0.022). Cox proportional hazards risk analysis indicated that miR-1290 was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC.\Question: Is miR-1290 a potential prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer?

Our study suggests that miR-1290 is overexpressed in NSCLC, and serum miR-1290 may be used as a potential prognostic biomarker for NSCLC.