In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
--------
Question: Context: Elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels are predictive of high cardiovascular (CV) risk in the general population. The value of MPO as a CV marker in the HIV population has not been investigated.', 'Medical records were reviewed to identify HIV+ patients with a documented CV event (myocardial ischemia/infarction) and stored plasma samples within 12 months prior to the event. HIV+ adults with no CV history and with similarly available stored plasma samples were site-, age-, and gender-matched 1:1 to cases.', 'We identified 124 participants (62 case-control pairs): 94% male, median age 46 years. Median (IQR) MPO levels (pmoles/L) were lower in cases vs. controls: 292 (235-376) vs. 320 (249-467); p= .004. Cases were more likely to have other CV risk factors, including smoking, hypertension, and higher cholesterol and triglycerides. The observed MPO directional difference persisted after controlling for CV risk factors. In the reduced model, observed differences in MPO remained independently and negatively associated with CV event (p= .03) after adjusting for two positively associated risk factors, differences in cholesterol levels (p= .01), and differences in smoking history (ever smoked vs. never smoked; p= .04). Differences in triglyceride levels and hypertension were not statistically significant independent risk factors in this sample (p> .05). Within cases, MPO was negatively correlated with CD4 count (rs= -0. 40, p= .0023) and age (rs= -0. 34, p= .01). In contrast, age at blood draw was positively correlated with MPO in controls (rs= 0.28, p= .031) and CD4 was uncorrelated (rs= -0. 01, p> .9). No other factors were significantly correlated with MPO within groups.\Question: Are higher plasma myeloperoxidase levels associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events in HIV-infected adults?

Answer: In contrast to the general population, higher MPO levels were not predictive of CV events in this study, underscoring the fact that pathways operative in HIV arteriopathy may be distinct from traditional CV disease pathogenesis.


Question: Context: To detect the resistin expression of white adipose tissue in diet-induced obese (DIO) versus diet-resistant (DR) rats, and to investigate the relationship of mutated resistin and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation.', 'RT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect gene /protein expression. 3T3-L1 cells were cultured, transfected, and induced to differentiation using 0.5 mmol/L 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (MIX), 1 mg/L insulin, and 1 micromol/L dexamethasone. Oil red O staining was applied to detect the degree of preadipocytes differentiation.', 'Expression of resistin mRNA was upregulated in DIO rats and downregulated in DR rats. However, the expression levels varied greatly within the groups. Sequencing of the resistin genes from DIO and DR rats revealed a Leu9Val (C25G) missense mutation within the signal peptide in one DR rat. The mutant resistin inhibited preadipocyte differentiation. Local experiments and Western blotting with tagged resistin fusion proteins identified both mutant and wild type proteins in the cytoplasm and secreted into the culture medium. Computer predictions using the Proscan and Subloc programs revealed four putative phosphorylation sites and a possible leucine zipper motif within the rat resistin protein.\Question: Does a mutation in signal peptide of rat resistin gene inhibit differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes?

Answer: Resistin-increased differentiation may be inhibited by the mutation-containing precursor protein, or by the mutant non-secretory resistin isoform.


Question: Context: Substance use and crime/recidivism are irrevocably linked. We explore the nuances of this association by highlighting the prevalence, trends, and correlates of substance use dsorders in a large group of probationers/parolees.', 'We examined SUDs among probationers and parolees in the United States using data from the National Study on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Logistic regression models were computed to examine eight distinct outcomes: alcohol abuse, illicit drug abuse, marijuana/hashish abuse, comorbid alcohol and illicit drug abuse, alcohol dependence, illicit drug dependence, marijuana/hashish dependence, and comorbid alcohol and illicit drug dependence.', 'Probationers/parolees have high prevalence rates across all SUDs categories and these trends have been relatively constant. Prevalence rates for alcohol abuse and dependence are two to six times higher than for marijuana and other illicit drug abuse and dependence. Key correlates of substance abuse for probationers/parolees include: age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income, risk propensity, crime/violence measures, and comorbid substance abuse. Similar correlates were found for substance dependence, in addition to employment and mental health treatment.\Question: Does trends and correlate of substance use disorders among probationers and parolees in the United States 2002-2014?

Answer:
This study indicates that SUDs are higher among probationer/parolees as compared to their non-supervised counterparts - between four and nine times higher - and these levels have changed little in recent years. Effectively responding to SUDs in this population may enhance adherence to supervision requirements, prevent recidivism, and improve public safety. We may be better served using limited funds for further development of evidence-based policies and programs, such as drug courts, which demonstrate reductions in both drug use and recidivism.