TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: A hypothetical method of decay for these particles involves breaking into a positron and a neutral pion and would have a half-life on the order of 10 to the 35 years. In astronomy, these particles are employed in a namesake chain located in the cores of stars in order to synthesis lighter elements. Particles of this type are typically composed of two up quarks and a single down quark and these particles make up about 90% of all cosmic rays. Discovered by Ernest Rutherford, for 10 points, identify this subatomic particles that contributes the positive charge of an atoms nucleus.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: His work explaining the instability of James Watt's fly-ball governor is regarded as the birth of modern control theory, and his mathematical analysis of the stability of Saturn's rings showed that they could be neither entirely solid nor liquid. He showed how to calculate stresses in suspension bridges and coined the term "curl" to use in the differential form of his most famous accomplishment; however, the only other real work he did on it was the addition of a term for "displacement current. "  FTP identify this British physicist best known for combining his revision of Ampere's Law with Faraday's Law and Gauss's Laws of Electricity and Magnetism to produce his four namesake "equations" governing electromagnetism.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: This artist only completed the preparatory sketches for the epic Opening of the Doors of the Spanish Inquisition. This artist showed a cart stopped next to a gray building emitting white smoke in The Lime Kiln. He painted an unusual still-life of severed limbs called Anatomical Pieces, and he featured horses in his paintings Derby at Epsom and Horse Frightened By Lightning. A horse rearing away from an unseen attacker appears in his The Charging Chasseur. He studied bodies in the morgue of the Hospital Beaujon for his most famous work, which sees a man waving a red handkerchief on the top right and a bloody hatchet implies cannibalism. For 10 points, name this French Romantic painter of The Raft of the Medusa.

SOLUTION:
Fine Arts