In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

This man's namesake elasticity describes surface tension resistance when a surface is stretched, and can be applied to surface-tension-related mass transfer in an effect named for this man and Marangoni. For a mixture at constant temperature and pressure, the change in the chemical potential of the system can be obtained using an equation named for this man and Duhem. Another equation named for this man is used to calculate the degrees of freedom of a system depending in part on its number of components. For 10 points, name this man with a namesake phase rule and a thermodynamic quantity useful in predicting the spontaneity of a chemical reaction, his free energy.
Science

This results from phonon interactions in simple metals. Joule heating is caused by this, while Wheatstone bridges are used to find unknown values for this quantity. The thermal form of this quantity is equal to the length of the material over the conductivity times the cross-sectional area. "Drug" this occurs when pathogens become able to survive exposure to certain drugs, rendering those drugs obsolete. Drag is sometimes called this of air. Name this term, the electrical type of which measures of the degree an object opposes the flow of an electrical current, measured in ohms.
Science

Mobility is related to the zeta potential, dielectric constant, and this quantity in the Smoluchowski equation. For gases, the variation of this quantity with temperature is given by Sutherland's formula. Measured with a Zahn cup, this quantity is squared in the Grashof number, and the ratio of this quantity to thermal diffusivity is the Prandtl number. When this quantity is zero, the Euler equations correspond to the NavierStokes equations. Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to this quantity, which is constant for Newtonian fluids. Measured in poise [PWAHZ], this quantity is zero for superfluids. For 10 points, name this internal friction of a fluid that tends to resist its flow.

Science