Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: Interfacility ground critical care transport (CCT) of patients by ambulance may be stressful. This study evaluated whether playing music during CCT reduces patient anxiety and whether objective evidence is manifested by a change in vital signs.', 'Urban teaching hospital.', 'In this prospective cohort study, music was played for eligible adult patients during CCT while recording vital signs. A questionnaire was subsequently mailed to patients to rate whether the ambulance transport was stressful, the impact music had on transport, whether music changed their anxiety, whether music made them comfortable and relaxed, and whether they would prefer music to be played on future transports. Vital signs were compared between respondents who perceived transport as stressful and those who did not.', 'One hundred two patients were enrolled; 23 respondents (22.5%) constituted the study group. Four patients (17.4%) reported CCT as stressful (average response, 4.75). Nineteen (82.6%) rated CCT as not stressful (average response, 1.63). Subjectively, patients reported a positive impact of music on transport, with improved comfort and relaxation but only a minimal decrease in anxiety. No statistically significant change in vital signs was observed between cohorts; too few patients were enrolled to generate power to detect any difference.

Answer: 0


Question: The main objective of the present study was the investigation of possible influence of lens opacification on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measurements.', 'Eighty-six eyes of 64 patients (mean age 73.4 ± 8.3 years) were included in the study. MPOD was prospectively measured using the one-wavelength reflection method (Visucam500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) before and after cataract extraction, with implantation of a blue-light filtering intraocular lens (AlconSN60WF). The median of the maximum optical density (MaxOD) and the median of the mean optical density (MeanOD) measurements of macular pigment across the subject group were evaluated.', 'Statistically significant differences were noticed between pre-operative and post-operative measurements, the absolute values were generally lower after cataract extraction. The following median (lower/upper quartile) differences across the group were determined: MaxOD -33.8 % (-46.2 to -19.1 %), MeanOD -44.0 % (-54.6 to -26.6 %). Larger changes were observed in elderly patients [<70 years of age (n\u2009=\u200925 eyes): MaxOD -13.4 % (-20.5 to 3.6 %), MeanOD -23.6 % (-30.5 to -15.3 %) versus patients ≥70 years (n\u2009=\u200961 eyes) MaxOD -40.5 % (-53.2 to -30.1 %), MeanOD -47.2 % (-57.8 to -40.1 %)] and in patients with progressed stage of cataract. MaxOD for lens opacification grade 1 (n\u2009=\u20099 eyes): -27.4 % (-42.1 to -19.6 %), grade 2 (n\u2009=\u200926 eyes): -35.0 % (-44.2 to -25.3 %), grade 3 (n\u2009=\u200921 eyes): -34.4 % (-45.4 to -11.4 %), grade 4 (n\u2009=\u200925 eyes): -32.6 % (-53.2 to -6.4 %), and grade 5 (n\u2009=\u20095 eyes): -53.5 % (-61.7 to -38.7 %) and MeanOD for cataract stage 1 (n\u2009=\u20099 eyes): -42.6 % (-46.0 to -26.0 %), stage 2 (n\u2009=\u200926 eyes): -44.1 % (-51.8 to -26.2 %), stage 3 (n\u2009=\u200921 eyes): -45.7 % (-54.7 to -24.7 %), stage 4 (n\u2009=\u200925 eyes): -39.5 % (-59.4 to -26.1 %), and stage 5 (n\u2009=\u20095 eyes): -57.0 % (-66.1 to -51.4 %).

Answer: 1


Question: To examine whether trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI), can induce up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) and to see whether LG100268, a retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand, can inhibit proliferation of endometriotic cells alone or in synergy with ciglitazone, a PPAR gamma agonist.', 'One endometrial stromal cell line and two endometriotic cell lines used as a model system: Western blot analysis to determine whether TSA can up-regulate PPAR gamma expression, and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) proliferation assay to see whether ciglitazone and LG100268 have any antiproliferative effects individually or jointly.', 'Academic.', 'None.', 'Culture of immortalized endometrial and endometriotic cell lines with TSA, or ciglitazone or LG100268.', 'PPAR gamma protein expression levels in cells treated with or without TSA, and number of viable cells treated with or without ciglitazone, LG100268, or both.', 'The TSA treatment resulted in up-regulation of PPAR gamma expression in all cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion. Both ciglitazone and LG100268 inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and the antiproliferative effects appeared to be synergistic. In addition, endometriotic cells were more sensitive than endometrial stromal cells to LG100268 treatment.

Answer:
1