Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: The goals of this study were to evaluate the complication rate for intraoperative placement of a long-term central venous catheter (CVC) using intraoperative ultrasound (US) and fluoroscopy and to examine the feasibility for eliminating routine postprocedure chest X-ray.', 'Retrospective data pertaining to operative insertion of long-term CVC were collected and the rate of procedural complications was determined.', 'From January 2008 to August 2013, 351 CVCs were placed via the internal jugular vein using US. Of these, 93% had a single, successful internal jugular vein insertion. The complications included 4 arterial sticks (1.14%). Starting in October 2012, postprocedure chest radiography (CXR) was eliminated in 170 cases, with no complications. A total of $29,750 in charges were deferred by CXR elimination.
Answer: This review supports the use of US for CVC placement with fluoroscopy in reducing the rate of procedural complications. Additionally, with fluoroscopic imaging, postprocedural CXR can be eliminated with associated healthcare savings.
[A]: Does image-guided placement of long-term central venous catheters reduce complications and cost?


[Q]: Context: To investigate a putative increased risk of rectal cancer subsequent to prostatic radiotherapy.', 'In an analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry, we compared men who had radiotherapy for prostatic carcinoma with those treated surgically and those treated with neither modality. Kaplan-Meier analyses for the time to failure from rectal cancer were performed between age-matched subgroups of the three cohorts. Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to ascertain what influences might affect the incidence of subsequent rectal cancer.', 'In all, 33,831 men were irradiated, 167,607 were treated surgically, and 36,335 received neither modality. Rectal cancers developed in 243 (0.7%) of those irradiated (mean age, 70.7 years), 578 (0.3%) of those treated surgically (68.7 years), and 227 (0.8%) of those treated with neither modality (74.2 years). When age effects and the differences between the surgical and untreated cohorts were controlled for, we were unable to demonstrate any significant increased incidence of rectal cancer in men irradiated for prostatic cancer.
Answer: An increased frequency of rectal cancer after prostatic irradiation, apparent on crude analysis, could be attributed to age confounding and other unmeasured confounders associated with prostate cancer treatment and rectal cancer risk.
[A]: Is prostatic irradiation associated with any measurable increase in the risk of subsequent rectal cancer?


[Q]: Context: To determine whether recent reimbursement cuts have resulted in a shift of outpatient MRI from private offices to hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs); and to study office MRI utilization trends among radiologists and other specialists.', 'The Medicare Part B Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary Master Files were used. MRI codes were aggregated, and total MRI volumes from 2002 to 2012 were studied. Medicare place-of-service codes were used to identify studies performed in private offices and HOPDs and create trend lines. Specialty codes were used to categorize private office MRI users as radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, other physicians, and independent diagnostic testing facilities.', 'Medicare office and HOPD utilization of MRI (all specialties) rose rapidly from 2002 to 2006, reaching 2,727,807 in offices and 2,355,641 in HOPDs. Thereafter, office volume steadily declined, whereas HOPD volume steadily increased. By 2012, more studies were done in HOPDs than in offices. Over the entire period from 2002 and 2012, office MRI volume among radiologists increased 27%, compared with 216% among orthopedic surgeons and 124% among other physicians.
Answer: Although the majority of Medicare outpatient MRI studies had previously been performed in private offices, recent years brought a shift, with more now being performed in HOPDs. This change will increase costs to payers, because reimbursements to HOPDs are generally higher than those to offices. Although radiologists perform the majority of MRI exams that are conducted in private offices, the rate of growth for such exams from 2002 to 2012 was considerably higher among orthopedic surgeons and other physicians than among radiologists.
[A]:
Do trends in outpatient MRI seem to reflect recent reimbursement cuts?