TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
PROBLEM: Context: Apicomplexan parasites actively release transmembrane (TM) adhesive proteins involved in host cell attachment and invasion. Rhomboids, a family of intramembrane serine proteases, cleave these secreted adhesive proteins within their TM domains as an essential step in completing the invasion process. In Cryptosporidium parvum, the activity of rhomboids in cleaving microneme proteins (MICs) has not been reported. In the present study, the interaction between C. parvum rhomboids (CpROM1 and CpROM4) and C. parvum microneme proteins (CpGP900 and CpTRAP-C1) was investigated using yeast two-hybrid assay and co-immunoprecipitation assays.', 'Our study demonstrated that CpROM1 protein could interact with CpGP900 protein in co-transformed AH109 yeasts. Analysis of these proteins in co-transfected mammalian cells showed that the cleavage product of the CpGP900 protein was detected in the co-transfected cells. As control, CpGP900 only was transfected into cells and no cleavage was observed. The results suggested that CpGP900 protein was the substrate of CpROM1. Moreover, CpROM1 and CpROM4 could not cleave CpTRAP-C1 protein, which is the substrate of T. gondii rhomboid 2.\Question: Does cryptosporidium parvum rhomboid1 have an activity in microneme protein CpGP900 cleavage?

SOLUTION: Our results showed that CpROM1 is an active protease that is involved in microneme protein CpGP900 cleavage, which lay the foundation for further research on the mechanisms of C. parvum invasion.

PROBLEM: Context: Chlorophyllin (CHL) was proved to have strong anti-inducement effect toward many mutagens and epicarcinogens. This study was to explore effect of CHL in preventing colon neoplasms in mice induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and the selective inhibition on cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2).', 'The colorectal neoplasms were induced with DMH in mice and the different dose of CHL were administered in different phases, then the prevention of colorectal neoplasms by CHL was examined; The IC50 and growth curve of HT29 cells were measured with MTT method after treated with CHL; The effect of CHL on the expression of COX-1 mRNA and COX-2 mRNA in HT29 cells were measured with RT-PCR method; The effect of CHL on the expression of COX-2 protein and NF-kappaB protein were measured with western blot and immunohistochemistry methods.', 'The incidence of colon cancer, average tumor amount, and percentage of carcinoma in CHL group were significantly lower than those in DMH group (P< .05); CHL could inhibit the growth of HT29 cells. The effects were dose dependent; CHL could selectively inhibit the expression of COX-2mRNA in HT29 cells,the expression of COX-2 protein in colon neoplasms and HT29 cells, and the expression of NF-kappaB protein in colon neoplasms.\Question: Do [ CHL prevent colon neoplasms in mice and its selective inhibition on COX-2 ]?

SOLUTION: CHL could prevent colon neoplasms in mice induced by DMH and the preventive effect related to selective inhibition on COX-2, furthermore, the inhibition of CHL on COX-2 was realized by inhibiting NF-kappaB protein.

PROBLEM: Context: Until recently, nutritional guidelines did not support early introduction of allergenic foods into the diet of high-risk infants. Following recent studies, this approach is beginning to change, at least for peanuts. This review will examine the change in nutritional guidelines and the scientific data that led to these changes.', "In a recent prospective controlled study, regular consumption of peanut protein in infants from 4-11 months of age with atopic dermatitis or egg allergy, was associated with lower prevalence of peanut allergy (1.9%) at 60 months of age compared with peanut avoidance (13.7%). Other studies demonstrated that earlier introduction of cow's milk protein and egg powder were also associated with decreased risk for milk and egg allergy, respectively.\Question: Is timing of allergen exposure and the development of food allergy : treating before the horse out of the barn?

SOLUTION:
Recent studies suggest that early rather than late introduction of allergenic foods reduces the risk of food allergy. The preferred timing of food introduction might be sooner than the current recommendation, and might apply not only to high-risk infants.