In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Example Input: Context: The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare two doses of intranasal sufentanil for postoperative analgesia, titrated according to individual requirements based upon a numeric rating scale (NRS) from 0 to 10 for pain.', 'Forty patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II, scheduled for herniorrhaphy or hemorrhoidectomy under general anesthesia, were included when postoperative NRS was > 3. Nurses used a nasal puff device delivering a constant volume. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group A patients received a dose of 0.025 microg x kg(-1) /puff, Group B patients a dose of 0.05 microg x kg(-1) /puff. Puffs were administered as often as needed to obtain NRS < or = 3, with an interval time of five minutes. Hemodynamic, respiratory measures and sedation were recorded every five minutes.', 'The probability of persistence of pain in Group B was consistently lower than in Group A. After 20 min, 20% of the patients had a NRS score > 3 in Group B, as opposed to 60% in Group A. At 60 min, no patient had a NRS > 3 in Group B, whereas there was a probability of 20% to record a NRS > 3 for Group A. Hemodynamic, respiratory parameters and sedation remained stable with no intergroup differences.\Question: Is intranasal sufentanil effective for postoperative analgesia in adults?
Example Output: Nasal administration of 0.050 microg x kg(-1) /puff sufentanil allowed a NRS < 4 to be attained within one hour in all patients, with efficacy achieved after 20 min. These findings suggest that the intranasal route is an effective mode of sufentanil administration for immediate postoperative analgesia in adult patients.

Example Input: Context: Alternative splicing is important for increasing the complexity of the human proteome from a limited genome. Previous studies have shown that for some autoantigens, there is differential immunogenicity among alternatively spliced isoforms.', 'Herein, we tested the hypothesis that alternative splicing is a common feature for transcripts of autologous proteins that are autoantigens. The corollary hypothesis tested was that nonautoantigen transcripts have a lower frequency of alternative splicing.', 'The extent of alternative splicing within 45 randomly selected self-proteins associated with autoimmune diseases was compared with 9554 randomly selected proteins in the human genome by using bioinformatics analyses. Isoform-specific regions that resulted from alternative splicing were studied for their potential to be epitopes for antibodies or T-cell receptors.', 'Alternative splicing occurred in 100% of the autoantigen transcripts. This was significantly higher than the approximately 42% rate of alternative splicing observed in the 9554 randomly selected human gene transcripts ( P < .001). Within the isoform-specific regions of the autoantigens, 92% and 88% encoded MHC class I and class II-restricted T-cell antigen epitopes, respectively, and 70% encoded antibody binding domains. Furthermore, 80% of the autoantigen transcripts underwent noncanonical alternative splicing, which is also significantly higher than the less than 1% rate in randomly selected gene transcripts ( P < .001).\Question: Does increased noncanonical splicing of autoantigen transcripts provide the structural basis for expression of untolerized epitopes?
Example Output: These studies suggest that noncanonical alternative splicing may be an important mechanism for the generation of untolerized epitopes that may lead to autoimmunity. Furthermore, the product of a transcript that does not undergo alternative splicing is unlikely to be a target antigen in autoimmunity.

Example Input: Context: Yes-associated protein (YAP), a downstream target of the Hippo signaling pathway, was recently linked to hepatocarcinogenesis in a mouse hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. The objective of the current study was to investigate the clinical significance of YAP in HCC and its prognostic values in predicting survival and tumor recurrence.', 'The authors collected 177 pairs of tumor and adjacent nontumor tissue from HCC patients with definitive clinicopathologic and follow-up data. YAP expression was determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Association of YAP with each clinicopathologic feature was analyzed by Pearson chi-square test, and HCC-specific disease-free survival and overall survival by Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analyses of YAP in HCC were also performed.', 'YAP was expressed in the majority of HCC cases (approximately 62%) and mainly accumulated in the tumor nucleus. Overexpression of YAP in HCC was significantly associated with poorer tumor differentiation (Edmonson grade; P = .021) and high serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level (P < .001). Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression data indicated that YAP was an independent predictor for HCC-specific disease-free survival (hazards ratio [HR], 1.653; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.081-2.528 [P = .02]) and overall survival (HR, 2.148; 95% CI, 1.255-3.677 [P = .005]).\Question: Is yes-associated protein an independent prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma?
Example Output:
YAP is an independent prognostic marker for overall survival and disease-free survival times of HCC patients and clinicopathologically associated with tumor differentiation and serum AFP level. It is a potential therapeutic target for this aggressive malignancy.