Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Convulsions associated with fever and acute onset of unknown aetiology with case fatalities have become a long observed medical condition at the Child Health Department of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Children admitted to the department with seizures of undetermined origin and fever has been a source of diagnostic confusion. Studies from the Asia Pacific region suggest a link with non-polio enteroviruses. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between non-polio enterovirus and acute encephalopathy causing neurological morbidity in children.', 'One hundred and fifty cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), throat swab and serum samples were collected from participants at the Child Health Department of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital for virus isolation and characterization. Samples were cultured on cells and positive culture assayed by microneutralisation. Direct PCR as well as multiplex PCR were used to detect other viral agents present.', 'Enterovirus isolation rate was approximately 0.67%. Intratypic differentiation by molecular characterization identified a poliovirus from vaccine origin. Further screening by real-time RT-PCR identified the virus as normal Sabin and not vaccine-derive poliovirus. No arbovirus was however detected.

Ex Output:
Are human enteroviruses the cause of neurological impairments in children at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital?


Ex Input:
In chronic pain, increased activity from intact or damaged peripheral nerve endings results in an enhanced response in central pain transmission systems, a mechanism known as central sensitization. Central sensitization can also be invoked in human experimental models. Therefore, these models may be useful to characterize novel analgesics in humans. The anticonvulsant gabapentin has demonstrated efficacy in patients with neuropathic pain, but its mode of action remains unclear. This study examined the effects of gabapentin on signs of central sensitization (brush and pinprick hyperalgesia) in a human model of capsaicin-evoked pain, using a gabapentin dosing regimen similar to that used in the clinic. The aims were to determine whether gabapentin, dosed in a manner similar to that used in the clinic, affected the various components of central sensitization and to assess the utility of this model for characterizing novel analgesics.', 'Intradermal capsaicin (100 microg/20 microl) was administered in the volar forearm of 41 male human volunteers to induce pain and clinical signs of central sensitization. Gabapentin (titrated to 2,400 mg daily) or placebo was given orally for 15 days in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design. The capsaicin test was conducted at baseline and after gabapentin or placebo. Endpoints were the size of areas of brush-evoked allodynia (with cotton gauze) and pinprick hyperalgesia (with von Frey filament), and the intensity of ongoing brush- and pinprick-evoked pain.', 'Gabapentin significantly reduced the area of brush allodynia compared with placebo (P </= 0.05) and insignificantly attenuated the area of pinprick hyperalgesia. Gabapentin had no significant effect on spontaneous and evoked pain intensity.

Ex Output:
Does chronic oral gabapentin reduce elements of central sensitization in human experimental hyperalgesia?


Ex Input:
Recent studies on corneal markers have advocated corneal nerve fibre length as the most important measure of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The aim of this study was to determine if standardizing corneal nerve fibre length for tortuosity increases its association with other measures of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.', 'Two hundred and thirty-one individuals with diabetes with either predominantly mild or absent neuropathic changes and 61 control subjects underwent evaluation of diabetic neuropathy symptom score, neuropathy disability score, testing with 10-g monofilament, quantitative sensory testing (warm, cold, vibration detection) and nerve conduction studies. Corneal nerve fibre length and corneal nerve fibre tortuosity were measured using corneal confocal microscopy. A tortuosity-standardised corneal nerve fibre length variable was generated by dividing corneal nerve fibre length by corneal nerve fibre tortuosity. Differences in corneal nerve morphology between individuals with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy and control subjects were determined and associations were estimated between corneal morphology and established tests of, and risk factors for, diabetic peripheral neuropathy.', 'The tortuosity-standardised corneal nerve fibre length variable was better than corneal nerve fibre length in demonstrating differences between individuals with diabetes, with and without neuropathy (tortuosity-standardised corneal nerve fibre length variable: 70.5 ± 27.3 vs. 84.9 ± 28.7, P < 0.001, receiver operating characteristic area under the curve = 0.67; corneal nerve fibre length: 15.9 ± 6.9 vs. 18.4 ± 6.2 mm/mm², P = 0.004, receiver operating characteristic area under the curve = 0.64). Furthermore, the tortuosity-standardised corneal nerve fibre length variable demonstrated a significant difference between the control subjects and individuals with diabetes, without neuropathy, while corneal nerve fibre length did not (tortuosity-standardised corneal nerve fibre length variable: 94.3 ± 27.1 vs. 84.9 ± 28.7, P = 0.028; corneal nerve fibre length: 20.1 ± 6.3 vs. 18.4 ± 6.2 mm/mm², P = 0.084). Correlations between corneal nerve fibre length and established measures of neuropathy and risk factors for neuropathy were higher when a correction was made for the nerve tortuosity.

Ex Output:

Does standardizing corneal nerve fibre length for nerve tortuosity increase its association with measures of diabetic neuropathy?