instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: The aim of the present study was to determine the potential therapeutic value of the lazaroid U-83836E on blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and edema with respect to the changes in the synaptosomal Na+/K+ and Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activities, tissue malondialdehyde levels and the neuronal viability in the rat brain subjected to cerebral trauma.', 'Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was introduced by applying a 75 gm. cm force to the right parietal cortex using the weight-drop method. The first set of animals was used for determining time course changes of the synaptosomal Na+/K+ and Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-ATPase and the malondialdehyde levels and were sacrificed 2, 6 and 24h after lesion production. A group of the animals was treated with U-83836E proir to TBI and sacrificed 24h after cerebral injury. A second set of animals was used for evaluating the alterations in BBB disruption and tissue water content and were sacrificed 2, 6 and 24h after lesion production. Two groups of animals were treated with U-83836E and sacrificed after 2 and 24h following TBI. U-83836E was given intraperitoneally thirty minutes before trauma at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Neuronal necrosis was also evaluated in the groups of U-83836E and physiological saline-treated animals.', 'Extravasation of Evans blue into the traumatized hemisphere was maximum at 2h (p<0.001) and returned close to the control levels at 24h after TBI (p>0.05). Edema had developed progressively over time and reached the maximum degree of 2.1% (p<0.001) at 24h. U-83836E showed no effect on the BBB breakdown and the tissue water content at 2h and still had no effect on the BBB breakdown after 24h following the trauma (p>0.05), although it reduced edema after 24h (p<0.01). The losses of Na+/K+ and Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)-ATPase activities were found as 39.5% (p<0.001) and 29.4% (p<0.01) of the control value, respectively, and remained at the decreased levels throughout the experiment. Malondialdehyde level continued to increase over time reaching up to 209% (p<0.001) of the control value 24h after TBI. Both ATPase activities were improved to near control values (p>.05) by the effect of U-83836E. U-83836E inhibited the increase of lipid peroxidation (p<0.001) and also salvaged neuronal necrosis (p<0.05).
Answer: U-83836E given prophylactically after cerebral trauma appears to reduce edema, possibly by inhibiting increases in lipid peroxidation and by stabilizing ATPase. Further studies are recommended to verify the similar effects of the brain penetrating lazaroids when they are given after trauma.
answer:
Does lazaroid attenuate edema by stabilizing ATPase in the traumatized rat brain?


question:
Context: Completeness of cytoreduction is a significant predictor of long-term outcome after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Imaging has limited sensitivity to identify peritoneal metastases and therefore predict whether complete cytoreduction is possible. We reviewed our experience using laparoscopy to determine candidates for complete cytoreduction and HIPEC.', 'This single-center, retrospective study examined patients from 2007 to 2014 who underwent laparoscopy to determine complete cytoreduction (CC-0/1)/HIPEC candidacy. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected.', 'A total of 145 laparoscopies were performed on 141 patients, 72 (51.1\xa0%) of whom were female, with a median age of 53\xa0years (range 20-79). The primary site was appendiceal in 67 (47.5\xa0%) patients, colorectal in 43 (30.5\xa0%), mesothelioma in 17 (12.1\xa0%), unknown in 9 (6.4\xa0%), small bowel in 3 (2.1\xa0%), gastric in 1, and ovarian in 1 (0.7\xa0% each). Overall, 115 (81.6\xa0%) patients had prior abdominal surgery, 111 (76.6\xa0%) had evidence of disease on imaging, and 117 (80.7\xa0%) underwent prior chemotherapy, with a median of 5.9\xa0weeks between the last treatment and laparoscopy (0.9-498.9\xa0weeks). Four (2.8\xa0%) intraoperative complications were observed (one liver laceration, two enterotomies, and one air embolus), and nine (6.2\xa0%) postoperative complications [four (2.8\xa0%) Clavien grade (CG) I, three (2.8\xa0%) CG II, one (0.7\xa0%) CG III (return to operating room) and one (0.7\xa0%) CG IV (transient ischemic attack)]. Forty-eight patients deemed candidates by laparoscopy underwent CRS/HIPEC (positive predictive value 82.8\xa0%).
Answer: Diagnostic laparoscopy is a safe, feasible, and accurate staging tool in patients with suspected peritoneal metastases being considered for CRS.
answer:
Is laparoscopy Safe and Accurate to Evaluate Peritoneal Surface Metastasis Prior to Cytoreductive Surgery?


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Context: Little is known about endothelial function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, and we evaluated endothelial dysfunction, using reactive hyperaemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT).', 'This prospective, observational, 1-year study focused on 73 adolescents with type 1 diabetes, using multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. The subjects were assessed using RH-PAT, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin, insulin requirements and hours of physical exercise per week.', 'Endothelial dysfunction was observed in 56 patients (76.7%), with lower mean RH-PAT scores (1.26\xa0±\xa00.22 versus 2.24\xa0±\xa00.48, p\xa0<\xa00.0001) and higher glycated haemoglobin values at baseline (8.27\xa0±\xa01.24% versus 7.37\xa0±\xa00.54%, p\xa0=\xa00.006) and as a mean of the whole period since diagnosis (8.25\xa0±\xa01.22% versus 7.72\xa0±\xa00.82%, p\xa0=\xa00.034). A higher percentage of patients with endothelial dysfunction showed abnormal cardiac autonomic tests (p\xa0=\xa00.02) and were more sedentary, exercising <4 hours a week, than patients with normal endothelial function. After follow-up in 64/73 patients, we observed endothelial dysfunction in 81.8% of patients, despite a modest improvement in glycated haemoglobin.
Answer: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes displayed evidence of endothelial dysfunction. Good metabolic control (glycated haemoglobin ≤7.5%, 58 mmol/mol) and regular physical activity of at least 4 h a week might be protective.
answer:

Do adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes display a high prevalence of endothelial dysfunction?