instruction:
In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
question:
i. dish's appeal
answer:
non-overruling


question:
to the extent that in re mapes, d.c. s.d.cal. 1954, 120 f. supp. 316, is inconsistent with this holding, it is hereby overruled.
answer:
overruling


question:
as justice donohue points out, several non-expert witnesses testified at trial that they saw or heard gunshots.
answer:

non-overruling