In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

This composer reworked an instrumental sarabande into the aria Lascia ch'io planga. He called for improvised solo organ pieces to be placed ad libitum into the later of his organ concertos, a genre he invented to show off. The "Hailstone Chorus" appears in the first part of an oratorio by this man whose second part is "The Song of Moses"; that work is Israel in Egypt. One of this man's works includes a suite in G major that has a rigaudon, a minuet, and five shorter, unnamed pieces, as well as a suite in F major that begins with a (*) French overture. That piece was written to be played on barges floating on the River Thames for King George I. For 10 points, name this Baroque composer who wrote Water Music and the oratorio Messiah.
Fine Arts

Paulo Ribenboim proved in 1991 that the set of these is Diophantine, and in 1912 Edmund Landau proposed four "unattackable problems" dealing with them, none of which have yet been solved. The theorem named for them states that the number of them less than or equal to n is approximately equal to n divided by the natural logarithm of n. The GIMPS project seeks to find examples of the Mersenne type of this number, ordinary examples of which can be found using the sieve of Eratosthenes. For 10 points, identify these numbers whose only two factors are 1 and itself.
Social Science

A Peter Taylor short story about the Dorset couple shares its title with this painting. One figure represented by a bald old man whose arm extends through most the top of this painting. An old woman pulling at her hair in the background of this painting is said to represent either Jealousy, or the effects of syphilis. Two discarded masks, in the right foreground, mirror the mask-like face of Oblivion in the background, who is trying to wrest a curtain from one of the title figures. In front of the curtain, a girl with a honeycomb and a snake's body peeks out from behind a putto throwing flower petals. One of the central nude figures appears to be slipping her tongue into her son's mouth as he gropes her breast. For 10 points, name this ambiguous allegorical painting by Bronzino.

Fine Arts