instruction:
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
question:
Context_1 : Ranulf de Glanvill ("alias" Glanvil, Glanville, Granville, etc., died 1190) was Chief Justiciar of England during the reign of King Henry II (1154–89) and was the probable author of "Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Anglie" ("The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Kingdom of England"), the earliest treatise on the laws of England. Context_2 : Vance Gibson (born July 19, 1953) was the 18th head football coach for the Howard Payne University Yellow Jackets located in Brownwood, Texas and he held that position for thirteen seasons, from 1992 until 2004. His career coaching record at Howard Payne was 89–42. Context_3 : General Sir Jack Wentworth Harman, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (20 July 1920 – 28 December 2009) was Adjutant-General to the Forces. He began his military career in 1940, serving in The Queen's Bays for the majority of his early career and saw service with them during Second World War in the Middle East, Europe and Africa. Following the war Harman held various appointments at regimental, divisional and corps level rising to fulfil the role of Adjutant-General to the Forces in 1976. His final position was as Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Europe, which he held until retirement in 1981. In later life he served as a director of an insurance brokers and vice-chairman of the National Army Museum and The Automobile Association before he died in December 2009, at the age of 89. Context_4 : John Albert Long (born 1957) is an Australian paleontologist who is currently Strategic Professor in Palaeontology at Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia. He was previously the Vice President of Research and Collections at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. He is also an author of popular science books. His main area of research is on the fossil fish of the Late Devonian Gogo Formation from northern Western Australia. It has yielded many important insights into fish evolution, such as Gogonasus and Materpiscis, the later specimen being crucial to our understanding of the origins of vertebrate reproduction. His love of fossil collecting began at age 7 and he graduated with PhD from Monash University in 1984, specialising in Palaeozoic fish evolution. He held postdoctoral positions at the Australian National University (1984–85, Rothmans Fellow), The University of Western Australia (1986–87, Queen Elizabeth II Award) and The University of Tasmania (1988–89, ARC Fellow) before taking up a position as Curator in Vertebrate Palaeontology at the Western Australian Museum (1989–2004), and then as Head of Sciences at Museum Victoria (2004–2009). Context_5 : The Queen's Remembrancer (or King's Remembrancer) is an ancient judicial post in the legal system of England and Wales. Since the Lord Chancellor no longer sits as a judge, the Remembrancer is the oldest judicial position in continual existence. The post was created in 1154 by King Henry II as the chief official in the Exchequer Court, whose purpose was 'to put the Lord Treasurer and the Barons of Court in remembrance of such things as were to be called upon and dealt with for the benefit of the Crown', a primary duty being to keep records of the taxes, paid and unpaid. The first King's Remembrancer was Richard of Ilchester, a senior servant of the Crown and later Bishop of Winchester. The King's Remembrancer continued to sit in the Court of the Exchequer until its abolition in 1882. The post of Queen's Remembrancer is held by the Senior Master of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court. Context_6 : "Love Under New Management" is the second single released from the 1989 self-titled album by American R&B singer Miki Howard. The song reached its peak of No. 2 on Billboard's Hot R&B Singles chart on March 24, 1990. The song held that position for two weeks (kept out of the top spot by "All Around the World" by Lisa Stansfield) and propelled the album to No. 4 on the Top R&B Albums chart, Howard's highest charting album. The song reached #89 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart. Context_7 : Khaled Efendi al-Atassi al-Husseini (1837 – October, 1908) (Arabic: خالد الأتاسي‎ ‎ ) was a famous Syrian religious authority, scholar and poet. Born in Homs to the famous Atassi family in 1837, he went through the traditional preparation for the position of Mufti, a post his family filled for over 400 years. His father, Mohammad Efendi Al-Atassi was the Grand Mufti of Homs, and so was his uncle, Saeed Al-Atassi. Khaled Efendi studied under famous Islamic scholars of his time in Homs and Damascus. In 1876 he was elected as deputy of Homs and Hama to the parliament of the Ottoman Empire. He was also given the post of Mudarres (teacher) in the Mosuqe of Khaled ibn Al-Waleed in Homs, a post that was held by his family for generations. In 1861, and while his father was still alive, Khaled Efendi assumed the position of the Mufti. However, Islamic court registers of Homs later designate him as the Deputy-Mufti, and his father as the Mufti. In 1882 the Mufti of Homs, Mohammad Al-Atassi died, but the Ottoman administration handed the Mufti position to sheikh Hafez Al-Jindi Al-Abassi, who served as a Mufti till 1885. Khaled Efendi became the Mufti of Homs in 1885 by an official decree, and was removed from his post in 1894, to be filled by his brother, Abdu-Lateef Al-Atassi. Context_8 : George Lidster is the former head men's soccer coach at George Washington University. He held that position from 1987–1996 and 1998–2011, and posted a 188-175-49 record in 22 seasons, making him the all-time winningest coach in school history. Additionally he has compiled an 89-75-23 record in Atlantic 10 conference play, and has won 2 Atlantic 10 tournament titles, and made 3 NCAA tournament appearances. Context_9 : Osbert fitzHervey (died 1206) was an Anglo-Norman royal judge. Brother of Hubert Walter and Theobald Walter, Osbert served three kings of England and may have contributed to the legal treatise attributed to his uncle, Ranulf de Glanvill. Ralph of Coggeshall, a medieval writer, praised Osbert's knowledge of law, but condemned his acceptance of gifts from plaintiffs and defendants in legal cases. Osbert was one of a group of men who are considered the first signs of a professional judiciary in England. Context_10 : Osbert († 1231) was an early 13th-century cleric who held the position of Bishop of Dunblane (Scotland). A mandate for a new election was issued in January 1226 after the presumed resignation of Osbert's predecessor Radulf. Osbert's name (as "O.") appears in the cartulary of Cambuskenneth Abbey, dating 1227 x 1231, where he is called "Bishop of Strathearn". An unnamed bishop of Dunblane occurs in the "Dunfermline Registrum", dating to April 1227, and this was certainly Osbert. He also appears in attendance at a council held in Dundee in 1230. He had become an Augustinian canon at Holyrood Abbey by the time of his recorded death in 1231. fact_1 : Osbert fitzHervey (died 1206) was an Anglo-Norman royal judge. fact_2 :  Brother of Hubert Walter and Theobald Walter, Osbert served three kings of England and may have contributed to the legal treatise attributed to his uncle, Ranulf de Glanvill. fact_3 : Ranulf de Glanvill ("alias" Glanvil, Glanville, Granville, etc., died 1190) was Chief Justiciar of England during the reign of King Henry II (1154–89) and was the probable author of "Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Anglie" ("The Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Kingdom of England"), the earliest treatise on the laws of England. Question: What position was held by the uncle of Osbert fitzHervey from 1154-89?
answer:
Chief Justiciar of England


question:
Context_1 : Vinnufjellet is an 1818 m tall mountain in Sunndal Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. Vinnufjellet consists of the two peaks named Dronningkrona at 1816 m and Kongskrona at 1818 m . The names of the two peaks are translated as "Queen's crown" and "King's crown". The mountain is located just northeast of the village of Sunndalsøra and the Sunndalsfjorden. On the south side of the mountain, the Vinnufossen waterfall flows into the river Driva, just east of the village of Hoelsand. Context_2 : The Baiyue is a list of 100 mountain peaks in Taiwan. They were chosen by a group of prominent Taiwanese hikers from among the peaks known at the time to be over 3,000m in height. The selection criteria included uniqueness, danger, height, beauty and prominence; preference was also given to peaks already named and those with triangulation points. As such, "Top" does not refer strictly to the top peaks by elevation, but rather those high peaks most worth hiking. The list was intended to promote enthusiasm for high-altitude hiking in Taiwan. In the resulting list of one hundred peaks, 69 peaks were in the Central Mountain Range, the largest of Taiwan's five principal mountain ranges, while 19 were in the Xueshan Range, and 12 were in the Yushan Range. The Alishan Range and Coastal Mountain Range, being entirely below 3,000m, have no peaks in the list of Baiyue. Context_3 : The Maroon Bells–Snowmass Wilderness is a U.S. Wilderness Area located in the Elk Mountains of central Colorado. The 181535 acre wilderness was established in 1980 in the Gunnison and White River national forests. Within its boundaries are 100 mi of trails, 6 of Colorado's fourteeners and 9 passes over 12000 ft . The wilderness is named after the two peaks known as the Maroon Bells as well as Snowmass Mountain. Context_4 : Surveyed as K6 (Urdu: کے 6‎ ), but also known as Baltistan Peak. This is a notable peak of the Masherbrum Mountains, a subrange of the Karakoram mountain range in Gilgit Baltistan region of Pakistan. Despite being much lower than its sister mountains, the Eight-thousanders and high 7000m peaks such as Masherbrum, it has huge, steep faces, and great relief above the nearby valleys. Context_5 : Flagon Point ( ) is a point surmounted by two peaks, 295 m and 395 m high, marking the south side of the entrance to Schott Inlet, on the east coast of Palmer Land. It was discovered and photographed from the air in December 1940 by members of the United States Antarctic Service. It was charted in 1947 by a joint party consisting of members of the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition and the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), and was so named by the FIDS because the two peaks are suggestive of a flagon tilted on its side when viewed from north or south. Context_6 : The Gefrorene-Wand-Spitzen are two summits on the Tux Crest ("Tuxer Kamm"), a mountain chain in the Zillertal Alps, one of the ranges of the central Eastern Alps in the Austrian state of Tyrol. The north summit ("Nordgipfel") is recorded as 3,286 metres high in the literature, but is 3,288 metres high according to the Federal Office for Metrology and Survey. The south summit ("Südgipfel"), by contrast, is only 3,270 metres high. The two peaks are about 300 metres apart. They appear from the north as a stubby, cone-shaped, firn-covered dome, but from the east as a forbidding, dark rock face. Sharp, prominent ridges radiate from the peaks to the northeast and southwest, along the main crest of the mountain range. The twin peaks are the highest points in the summer skiing area of the Hintertux Glacier and, since the end of the 1990s, have been accessible from Hintertux on cable cars and ski lifts; which makes them a popular destination for day trippers. The north summit was first conquered in 1867 by Dr. Berreitter, the south summit on 7 September 1872 by the brothers, Max and Richard von Frey from Salzburg. Context_7 : The Curphey Peaks ( ) are two snow-covered peaks of approximately similar height (the western peak being 1,760 m high), the two peaks bounding the east side of Helix Pass in the Bowers Mountains, a major mountain range within Victoria Land, Antarctica. They were named by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1983 after Ian Curphey, the field leader of M.G. Laird's New Zealand Antarctic Research Program geological party to the area, 1974–75. The peaks lie situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. Context_8 : Masherbrum (Urdu: ‎ ; formerly known as K1) is located in the Ghanche District, Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan. At 7821 m it is the 22nd highest mountain in the world and the 9th highest in Pakistan. It was the first mapped peak in the Karakoram mountain range, hence the designation "K1". Context_9 : Noijin Kangsang (, also Norin Kang or Noijinkangsang) is the highest peak of Lhagoi Kangri mountain range in the Tibet Autonomous Region in China. It lies between the Yarlung Tsangpo River (to the north), Yamdrok Lake (to the east) and the Himalayas mountain range (to the south). Context_10 : Located on the isolated west coast of Espiritu Santo, Mount Tabwemasana is not only the highest peak in Vanuatu, but also one of the highest mountains in the Pacific. At 1879 m , Tabwemasana towers above the surrounding mountains and provides fantastic views toward the Coral Sea in East. Tabwemasana actually consists of two peaks and local folklore believes that these two peaks (male and female) come together in embrace at night. fact_1 : Noijin Kangsang (, also Norin Kang or Noijinkangsang) is the highest peak of Lhagoi Kangri mountain range in the Tibet Autonomous Region in China. fact_2 : Masherbrum (Urdu: ‎ ; formerly known as K1) is located in the Ghanche District, Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan. fact_3 :  At 7821 m it is the 22nd highest mountain in the world and the 9th highest in Pakistan. Question: When considering the two peaks known as Noijin Kangsang and Masherbrum, which of them has the greatest height related to their respected ranges?
answer:
Noijin Kangsang


question:
Context_1 : In physics, specifically electromagnetism, the magnetic flux (often denoted Φ or Φ ) through a surface is the surface integral of the normal component of the magnetic field B passing through that surface. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber (Wb) (in derived units: volt-seconds), and the CGS unit is the maxwell. Magnetic flux is usually measured with a fluxmeter, which contains measuring coils and electronics, that evaluates the change of voltage in the measuring coils to calculate the magnetic flux. Context_2 : The magnetic flux, represented by the symbol Φ , threading some contour or loop is defined as the magnetic field B multiplied by the loop area S , i.e. Φ = B ⋅ S . Obviously, both B and S can be arbitrary and so is Φ . However, if one deals with the superconducting loop or a hole in a bulk superconductor, it turns out that the magnetic flux threading such a hole/loop is quantized. Context_3 : In superconductivity, a semifluxon is a half integer vortex of supercurrent carrying the magnetic flux equal to the half of the magnetic flux quantum Φ . Semifluxons exist in the 0-π long Josephson junctions at the boundary between 0 and π regions. This 0-π boundary creates a π discontinuity of the Josephson phase. The junction reacts to this discontinuity by creating a semifluxon. Vortex's supercurrent circulates around 0-π boundary. In addition to semifluxon, there exist also an antisemifluxon. It carries the flux −Φ/2 and its supercurrent circulates in the opposite direction. Context_4 : Flux pinning is the phenomenon where a superconductor is pinned in space above a magnet. The superconductor must be a type-II superconductor because type-I superconductors cannot be penetrated by magnetic fields. The act of magnetic penetration is what makes flux pinning possible. At higher magnetic fields (above Hc1 and below Hc2) the superconductor allows magnetic flux to enter in quantized packets surrounded by a superconducting current vortex (see Quantum vortex). These sites of penetration are known as flux tubes. The number of flux tubes per unit area is proportional to the magnetic field with a constant of proportionality equal to the magnetic flux quantum. On a simple 76 millimeter diameter, 1-micrometer thick disk, next to a magnetic field of 28 kA/m, there are approximately 100 billion flux tubes that hold 70,000 times the superconductor's weight. At lower temperatures the flux tubes are pinned in place and cannot move. This pinning is what holds the superconductor in place thereby allowing it to levitate. This phenomenon is closely related to the Meissner effect, though with one crucial difference — the Meissner effect shields the superconductor from all magnetic fields causing repulsion, unlike the pinned state of the superconductor disk which pins flux, and the superconductor in place. Context_5 : The gauss, abbreviated as G or Gs, is the cgs unit of measurement of magnetic flux density (or "magnetic induction") (B). It is named after German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss. One gauss is defined as one maxwell per square centimeter. The cgs system has been superseded by the International System of Units (SI), which uses the tesla (unit T) as the unit of magnetic flux density. One gauss equals 1×10 tesla (100 μT), so 1 tesla = 10,000 gauss. Context_6 : Flux linkage is a property of a two-terminal element. Although it is often confused with magnetic flux, the flux linkage is actually an extension rather than an equivalent of magnetic flux. Flux linkage is defined as Context_7 : Flux pumping is a method for magnetising superconductors to fields in excess of 15 teslas. The method can be applied to any type II superconductor and exploits a fundamental property of superconductors. That is their ability to support and maintain currents on the length scale of the superconductor. Conventional magnetic materials are magnetised on a molecular scale which means that superconductors can maintain a flux density orders of magnitude bigger than conventional materials. Flux pumping is especially significant when one bears in mind that all other methods of magnetising superconductors require application of a magnetic flux density at least as high as the final required field. This is not true of flux pumping. Context_8 : An electromagnetic lock, magnetic lock, or maglock is a locking device that consists of an electromagnet and an armature plate. There are two main types of electric locking devices. Locking devices can be either "fail safe" or "fail secure". A fail-secure locking device remains locked when power is lost. Fail-safe locking devices are unlocked when de-energized. Direct pull electromagnetic locks are inherently fail-safe. Typically the electromagnet portion of the lock is attached to the door frame and a mating armature plate is attached to the door. The two components are in contact when the door is closed. When the electromagnet is energized, a current passing through the electromagnet creates a magnetic flux that causes the armature plate to attract to the electromagnet, creating a locking action. Because the mating area of the electromagnet and armature is relatively large, the force created by the magnetic flux is strong enough to keep the door locked even under stress. Context_9 : In quantum mechanics, the Byers-Yang theorem states that all physical properties of a doubly connected system (an annulus) enclosing a magnetic flux formula_1 through the opening are periodic in the flux with period formula_2 (the magnetic flux quantum). The theorem was first stated and proven by Nina Byers and Chen-Ning Yang (1961), and further developed by Felix Bloch (1970). Context_10 : Chen-Ning Frank Yang, also known as Yang Zhenning (; born October 1, 1922), is a Chinese physicist who works on statistical mechanics and particle physics. He and Tsung-dao Lee received the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on parity nonconservation of weak interaction. The two proved theoretically that one of the basic quantum-mechanics laws, the conservation of parity, is violated in the so-called weak nuclear reactions, those nuclear processes that result in the emission of beta or alpha particles. The most important work of Yang is Yang-Mills theory. fact_1 : In quantum mechanics, the Byers-Yang theorem states that all physical properties of a doubly connected system (an annulus) enclosing a magnetic flux formula_1 through the opening are periodic in the flux with period formula_2 (the magnetic flux quantum). fact_2 :  The theorem was first stated and proven by Nina Byers and Chen-Ning Yang (1961), and further developed by Felix Bloch (1970). fact_3 : Chen-Ning Frank Yang, also known as Yang Zhenning (; born October 1, 1922), is a Chinese physicist who works on statistical mechanics and particle physics. fact_4 :  He and Tsung-dao Lee received the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on parity nonconservation of weak interaction. Question: Who did the 1957 winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics work with on the problem of magnetic flux?
answer:

Nina Byers