TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
PROBLEM: Icodextrin is a glucose polymer derived by hydrolysis of cornstarch. The different biocompatibility profile of icodextrin-containing peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions may have a positive influence on peritoneal host defence. Furthermore, cases of sterile peritonitis potentially associated with icodextrin have been reported.', 'The primary objective of this multicentre, longitudinal, observational, non-interventional, prospective cohort study, which included 722 PD patients, was to evaluate the incidence of overall peritonitis in patients treated with icodextrin-containing PD solutions (Extraneal) used during one long-dwell exchange/day compared with those treated with non-icodextrin-containing PD solutions. The secondary objective was to determine if culture-negative peritonitis rates differed between patients treated with icodextrin from two independent manufacturers. All peritonitis episodes were assessed by a Steering Committee in a blind manner.', 'There was no significant difference between icodextrin-treated and control patients in the adjusted overall, culture-positive or culture-negative peritonitis rates. When stratified by the icodextrin supplier, there was no significant difference in the adjusted rate of culture-negative peritonitis episodes between groups.

SOLUTION: Does icodextrin impact infectious and culture-negative peritonitis rates in peritoneal dialysis patients : a 2-year multicentre , comparative , prospective cohort study?

PROBLEM: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has been identified as a novel pro-inflammatory cytokine in coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the relationship between serum HMGB1 level and the severity of coronary artery stenosis.', 'Serum HMGB1 concentration in patients was measured by ELISA. All patients underwent coronary angiography and were assigned into groups according to the quartile of HMGB1 level.', 'HMGB1 level in USAP group was higher than that in control and SAP group. HMGB1 level in SAP group was higher than that in control group (p<0.05). Gensini scores in the highest quartile group (group IV), group III and group II were all significantly higher than that in the lowest quartile group (group I). There was significant correlation between angiographic Gensini score and serum level of HMGB1 (r=0.710, p<0.05). However, in subgroup analysis, we found that serum HMGB1 level was only correlated with angiographic Gensini score in SAP patients (r=0.786, p<0.05), but not USAP patients.

SOLUTION: Is increased serum HMGB1 related to the severity of coronary artery stenosis?

PROBLEM: More and more experiments have shown that transcription and mRNA processing are not two independent events but are tightly coupled to each other. Both promoter and transcription rate were found to influence alternative splicing. More than half of human genes have alternative promoters, but it is still not clear why there are so many alternative promoters and what their biological roles are.', 'In this study, we explored whether there is a functional correlation between alternative promoters and alternative splicing by a genome-wide analysis of human and mouse genes. We constructed a large data set of genes with alternative promoter and alternative splicing annotations. By analyzing these genes, we showed that genes with alternative promoters tended to demonstrate alternative splicing compare to genes with single promoter, and, genes with more alternative promoters tend to have more alternative splicing variants. Furthermore, transcripts from different alternative promoters tended to splice differently.

SOLUTION:
Do alternative promoters influence alternative splicing at the genomic level?