TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
PROBLEM: California state prisoner, Roy Lee Brown, Jr., appeals pro se the dismissal of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition as untimely. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2253. We review de novo, see Miles v. Prunty, 187 F.3d 1104, 1105 (9th Cir.1999), and we vacate and remand. Brown contends that his § 2254 petition was timely filed because his state habeas petitions statutorilly tolled the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act’s (AEDPA) one-year statute of limitations. We agree. Brown is entitled to tolling during the time he was seeking one full round of collateral review by the California courts. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d); Delhomme v. Ramirez, No. 00-56148, 2003 WL 21947183, at *3 (9th Cir. Aug. 15, 2003) (per curiam) (<HOLDING>); Carey v. Saffold, 536 U.S. 214, 220, 122 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that second and third state habeas petitions that were dismissed as impermissible successive petitions were properly filed (B) holding that it would be inappropriate to predict whether state law would foreclose state postconviction review of the petitioners habeas claim where the state permitted second or successive state petitions when the procedural bar would result in fundamental injustice (C) recognizing that a habeas petitioner may be entitled to tolling during a second round of petitions but holding that the statute is not tolled between rounds (D) holding that overlapping state habeas petitions begin a separate round of review and do not disturb the pendency of petitioners first round of review (E) holding that overlapping petitions do not affect tolling during the time petitioner is seeking one full round of review

SOLUTION: holding that second and third state habeas petitions that were dismissed as impermissible successive petitions were properly filed

PROBLEM: of other courts have concluded, outside the RICO and Clayton Act context, that "by reason of" should be read to require only "but for” rather than proximate causation. See, e.g., Gross v. FBL Fin. Servs., Inc., 557 U.S. 167, 129 S.Ct. 2343, 2350, 174 L.Ed.2d 119 (2009) ("The words ‘because of' mean ‘by reason of: on account of.’ Thus, the ordinary meaning of the ADEA's requirement that an employer took adverse action ‘because of age is that age was the ‘reason’ that the employer decided to act. To establish a disparate-treatment claim under the plain language of the ADEA, therefore, a plaintiff must prove that age was the ‘but-for’ cause of the employer’s adverse decision.” (citations omitted) (emphasis added)); Robinson Knife Mfg. Co. v. C.I.R., 600 F.3d 121, 131-32 (2d Cir. 2010) (<HOLDING>); Spirtas Co. v. Ins. Co. of Pa., 555 F.3d 647, 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that in 26 cfr  1263ale3i the language  directly benefit or are incurred by reason of boils down to a butfor causation test (B) holding that fees incurred by debtor were not in the nature of support (C) holding in an appeal from a postanswer default judgment that third prong of craddock test required appellant to offer to reimburse appellee for legal expenses he incurred in obtaining default judgment even though most of the fees incurred had not been paid (D) holding that pursuant to the eaja courts may not award expenses of an attorney that are not incurred or expended solely or exclusively in connection with the case before the court (E) holding a tribe subject to 1 a tax on the use of certain highway motor vehicles 26 usc  4481a 2 a tax on diesel fuel used in highway vehicles 26 usc  4041a 3 a tax on special fuels used in motor vehicles 26 usc  4041b and 4 a tax on manufacturing in this case a truck chassis assembled by the tribe 26 usc  4061a 4218a

SOLUTION: holding that fees incurred by debtor were not in the nature of support

PROBLEM: RFDI’s behalf) and Schmidt (subcontractor to Stokes for installation of the racking system). Interlake also introduced no expert testimony of its own; it did not introduce the testimony of the previously precluded experts, Kath leen Murphy R.N., or Gary Barach. Instead, Interlake elected to rely on: its cross-examination of Rice and a reading from the transcript of Rice’s deposition taken before the first trial. N.T., 02/23/10 at 7-25. In addition, Interlake read to the jury selections from: the transcript of the prior trial testimony of Dr. Jeffrey Ketchman, plaintiff’s design expert {id. at 27-125); the deposition of Brian Tumulty, formerly RFDI’s chief financial officer {id. at 128-131); the prior trial testimony of Charles Daniel Willis, a former em 598, 493 A.2d 669, 672-74 (1985) (<HOLDING>); Berkeihiser v. DeBartolomeo, 413 Pa. 158, 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that superior court erred in granting judgment nov and remanding for a new trial generally (B) holding that superior courts erred in granting judgment nov on a wrongful death claim and remanding for new trial on that claim and on damages (C) holding that superior court erred in reversing trial courts order granting new trial and remanding for a new trial limited to apportionment of damages (D) holding that the superior courts erred to the extent that it allowed a new trial on a lung cancer claim and affirming the grant of a new trial limited to noncancer injury claims (E) holding that trial court erred by granting a directed verdict on statute of limitations defense and remanding for a new trial on the statute of limitations only

SOLUTION:
holding that superior court erred in granting judgment nov and remanding for a new trial generally