In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

Example Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Commission on the Removal of 
Mexican-Americans to Mexico Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS; PURPOSE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) From 1929 through 1941, Federal, State, and local 
        Government authorities and certain private sector entities 
        throughout the United States undertook an aggressive program to 
        forcibly remove individuals of Mexican ancestry from the United 
        States.
            (2) As many as 1,200,000 individuals of Mexican ancestry 
        who were United States citizens were forcibly removed to 
        Mexico.
            (3) These men, women, and children were removed outside the 
        United States in response to public pressure to curtail the 
        employment of Mexican-Americans, most of whom were United 
        States citizens or residing legally in the United States, 
        during the Depression.
            (4) Massive raids were conducted on Mexican-American 
        communities, and many of the people who were removed were never 
        able to return to the United States, their country of birth.
            (5) These raids targeted individuals of Mexican ancestry, 
        even when such individuals were United States citizens or 
        permanent legal residents.
            (6) These raids also separated such United States citizens 
        and permanent legal residents from their families and deprived 
        them of their livelihoods and constitutional rights.
            (7) No official inquiry into this matter has been made.
    (b) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this Act to establish a fact 
finding commission to determine whether United States citizens and 
permanent legal residents were forcibly removed to Mexico from 1929 to 
1941 in violation of law as a result of past directives of Federal, 
State and local governments and the impact of such removal on those 
individuals, their families, and the Mexican-American community in the 
United States, and to recommend appropriate remedies.

SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMISSION.

    There is established a commission to be known as the ``Commission 
on the Removal of Mexican-Americans to Mexico''.

SEC. 4. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION.

    The Commission shall--
            (1) review the facts and circumstances surrounding the 
        removal of certain United States citizens and permanent legal 
        residents to Mexico from 1929 to 1941, and the impact of such 
        actions on these individuals, their families, and the Mexican-
        American community in the United States;
            (2) review past directives of Federal, State, and local 
        governments that required the removal of these individuals to 
        Mexico and any other information related to these directives; 
        and
            (3) submit to Congress a written report of its findings and 
        recommendations.

SEC. 5. MEMBERSHIP.

    (a) Number and Appointment.--The Commission shall be composed of 
seven members, who shall be appointed within 90 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act as follows:
            (1) Three members appointed by the President.
            (2) Two members appointed by the Speaker of the House of 
        Representatives, in consultation with the minority leader of 
        the House of Representatives.
            (3) Two members appointed by the President pro tempore of 
        the Senate, in consultation with the minority leader of the 
        Senate.
    (b) Qualifications.--Members appointed under subsection (a) shall 
possess knowledge or expertise related to human rights, civil rights, 
immigration, labor, business, or other pertinent qualifications.
    (c) Term of Office.--Each member shall be appointed for the life of 
the Commission.
    (d) Quorum.--Four members of the Commission shall constitute a 
quorum, but a lesser number may hold hearings.
    (e) Initial Meeting.--The initial meeting of the Commission shall 
be called by the President within one hundred and twenty days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, or within thirty days after the date 
on which legislation is enacted making appropriations to carry out this 
Act, whichever is later.
    (f) Chairperson and Vice Chairperson.--The Commission shall elect a 
chairperson and vice chairperson from among its members. The term of 
office of each shall be for the life of the Commission.
    (g) Vacancies.--A vacancy in the Commission shall not affect its 
powers and shall be filled in the same manner in which the original 
appointment was made.

SEC. 6. POWERS.

    (a) Hearings.--
            (1) In general.--The Commission or on the authorization of 
        the Commission, any subcommittee or member thereof, may for the 
        purpose of carrying out this Act, hold hearings, sit and act at 
        times and places, take testimony, and receive evidence as the 
        Commission or any subcommittee or member considers appropriate.
            (2) Location.--The Commission may hold public hearings in 
        any city of the United States that it finds appropriate.
    (b) Subpoena Power.--
            (1) In general.--The Commission may issue subpoenas 
        requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the 
        production of any evidence relating to any matter under 
        investigation by the Commission which the Commission is 
        empowered to investigate by this Act.
            (2) Failure to obey a subpoena.--If a person refuses to 
        obey a subpoena issued under paragraph (1), the Commission may 
        apply to a United States district court for an order requiring 
        that person to appear before the Commission to give testimony, 
        produce evidence, or both, relating to the matter under 
        investigation. The application may be made within the judicial 
        district where the hearing is conducted or where such person is 
        found, resides, or transacts business. Any failure to obey the 
        order of the court may be punished by the court as civil 
        contempt.
            (3) Service of subpoena.--A subpoena of the Commission 
        shall be served in the manner provided for subpoenas issued by 
        a United States district court under the Federal Rules of Civil 
        Procedure for the United States district courts.
            (4) Service of process.--All process of any court to which 
        application is made under paragraph (2) may be served in the 
        judicial district in which the person required to be served 
        resides or may be found.
    (c) Obtaining Official Data.--The Commission may secure directly 
from any department or agency of the United States, or from any State 
or local government, information necessary to enable it to carry out 
this Act. Upon request of any member, the head of such department or 
agency shall furnish such information to the Commission.
    (d) Contract Authority.--To the extent or in the amounts provided 
in advance in appropriation Acts, the Commission may contract with and 
compensate government and private agencies or persons for any services, 
supplies, or other activities necessary to enable the Commission to 
carry out its duties under this Act.

SEC. 7. STAFF.

    (a) In General.--The Commission may appoint and fix the pay of such 
additional staff as it considers appropriate.
    (b) Applicability of Certain Civil Service Laws.--Any staff of the 
Commission may be appointed without regard to the provisions of title 
5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive 
service, and may be paid without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 
and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to 
classification and General Schedule pay rates.
    (c) Experts and Consultants.--The Commission may procure temporary 
and intermittent services under section 3109(b) of title 5, United 
States Code.
    (d) Administrative Support Services.--Upon request of the 
Commission, the Administrator of General Services shall provide to the 
Commission, on a reimbursable basis, the administrative support 
services necessary for the Commission to carry out its duties under 
this Act.

SEC. 8. REPORT.

    The Commission shall submit to Congress a written report not later 
than the date which is one year after the date of the initial meeting 
called pursuant to section 5(d) of this Act. The report shall contain a 
detailed statement of the findings and conclusions of the Commission, 
together with its recommendations for legislative actions that the 
Commission considers appropriate.

SEC. 9. TERMINATION.

    The Commission shall terminate 30 days after submitting the report 
under section 8.

SEC. 10. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the 
        Commission on the Removal of Mexican-Americans to Mexico 
        established under section 3.
            (2) Member.--The term ``member'' means a member of the 
        Commission.
            (3) State.--The term ``State'' means any State of the 
        United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of 
        Puerto Rico, and any other commonwealth, possession, or 
        territory of the United States.
Example Output: Commission on the Removal of Mexican-Americans to Mexico This bill establishes the Commission on the Removal of Mexican-Americans to Mexico, which shall: (1) review the facts and circumstances surrounding the 1929-1941 removal of certain U.S. citizens and permanent legal residents to Mexico and the impact of such actions on such individuals, their families, and the Mexican-American community; (2) review federal, state, and local government directives that required such removal and any other related information; and (3) report its findings, conclusions, and any recommendations for legislative actions. 

Example Input: SECTION 1. ELIGIBILITY FOR PAYMENT OF BOTH RETIRED PAY AND VETERANS' 
              DISABILITY COMPENSATION FOR CERTAIN ADDITIONAL MILITARY 
              RETIREES WITH COMPENSABLE SERVICE-CONNECTED DISABILITIES.

    (a) Extension of Concurrent Receipt Authority to Retirees With 
Service-Connected Disabilities Rated Less Than 50 Percent.--Subsection 
(a) of section 1414 of title 10, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Compensation'' in the subsection heading 
        and all that follows through ``Subject'' and inserting 
        ``Compensation.--Subject''; and
            (2) by striking paragraph (2).
    (b) Repeal of Phase-In of Concurrent Receipt of Retired Pay and 
Veterans' Disability Compensation.--Such section is further amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), as amended by subsection (a) of this 
        section, by striking the final sentence;
            (2) by striking subsection (c) and redesignating 
        subsections (d) and (e) as subsections (c) and (d), 
        respectively; and
            (3) in subsection (d), as so redesignated, by striking 
        paragraphs (3) and (4).
    (c) Clerical Amendments.--
            (1) Section heading.--The heading for section 1414 of such 
        title is amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 1414. Members eligible for retired pay who are also eligible for 
              veterans' disability compensation: concurrent payment of 
              retired pay and disability compensation''.
            (2) Table of sections.--The item relating to such section 
        in the table of sections at the beginning of chapter 71 of such 
        title is amended to read as follows:

``1414. Members eligible for retired pay who are also eligible for 
                            veterans' disability compensation: 
                            concurrent payment of retired pay and 
                            disability compensation.''.
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take 
effect as of January 1, 2012, and shall apply to payments for months 
beginning on or after that date.

SEC. 2. COORDINATION OF SERVICE ELIGIBILITY FOR COMBAT-RELATED SPECIAL 
              COMPENSATION AND CONCURRENT RECEIPT.

    (a) Eligibility for TERA Retirees.--Subsection (c) of section 1413a 
of title 10, United States Code, is amended by striking ``entitled to 
retired pay who--'' and all that follows through the end of paragraph 
(1) and inserting ``who--
            ``(1) is entitled to retired pay, other than a member 
        retired under chapter 61 of this title with less than 20 years 
        of service creditable under section 1405 of this title and less 
        than 20 years of service computed under section 12732 of this 
        title; and''.
    (b) Amendments To Standardize Similar Provisions.--
            (1) Clerical and conforming amendments.--Section 1413a of 
        such title is further amended--
                    (A) in the heading for paragraph (3) of subsection 
                (b), by striking ``rules'' and inserting ``rule''; and
                    (B) in subsection (f), by striking ``Subsection 
                (d)'' and inserting ``Subsection (c)''.
            (2) Specification of qualified retirees for concurrent 
        receipt purposes.--Section 1414 of such title, as amended by 
        section 3, is amended--
                    (A) in subsection (a)--
                            (i) by striking ``a member or'' and all 
                        that follows through ``is entitled'' and 
                        inserting ``an individual who is a qualified 
                        retiree for any month is entitled''; and
                            (ii) by inserting ``retired pay and 
                        veterans' disability compensation'' after 
                        ``both''; and
                    (B) in subsection (d), by adding at the end the 
                following new paragraph:
            ``(3) Qualified retiree.--The term `qualified retiree' 
        means a member or former member of the uniformed services who, 
        with respect to any month--
                    ``(A) is entitled to retired pay, other than in the 
                case of a member retired under chapter 61 of this title 
                with less than 20 years of service creditable under 
                section 1405 of this title and less than 20 years of 
                service computed under section 12732 of this title; and
                    ``(B) is entitled to veterans' disability 
                compensation.''.
            (3) Standardization with crsc rule for chapter 61 
        retirees.--Subsection (b) of section 1414 of such title is 
        amended--
                    (A) by striking ``Special Rules'' in the subsection 
                heading and all that follows through ``is subject to'' 
                and inserting ``Special Rule for Chapter 61 Disability 
                Retirees.--In the case of a qualified retiree who is 
                retired under chapter 61 of this title, the retired pay 
                of the member is subject to''; and
                    (B) by striking paragraph (2).
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take 
effect as of January 1, 2012, and shall apply to payments for months 
beginning on or after that date.

SEC. 3. REPEAL OF REQUIREMENT OF REDUCTION OF SBP SURVIVOR ANNUITIES BY 
              DEPENDENCY AND INDEMNITY COMPENSATION.

    (a) Repeal.--
            (1) Repeal.--Subchapter II of chapter 73 of title 10, 
        United States Code, is amended as follows:
                    (A) In section 1450, by striking subsection (c).
                    (B) In section 1451(c)--
                            (i) by striking paragraph (2); and
                            (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and 
                        (4) as paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively.
            (2) Conforming amendments.--Such subchapter is further 
        amended as follows:
                    (A) In section 1450--
                            (i) by striking subsection (e); and
                            (ii) by striking subsection (k).
                    (B) In section 1451(g)(1), by striking subparagraph 
                (C).
                    (C) In section 1452--
                            (i) in subsection (f)(2), by striking 
                        ``does not apply--'' and all that follows and 
                        inserting ``does not apply in the case of a 
                        deduction made through administrative error.''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking subsection (g).
                    (D) In section 1455(c), by striking ``, 
                1450(k)(2),''.
    (b) Prohibition on Retroactive Benefits.--No benefits may be paid 
to any person for any period before the effective date provided under 
subsection (f) by reason of the amendments made by subsection (a).
    (c) Prohibition on Recoupment of Certain Amounts Previously 
Refunded to SBP Recipients.--A surviving spouse who is or has been in 
receipt of an annuity under the Survivor Benefit Plan under subchapter 
II of chapter 73 of title 10, United States Code, that is in effect 
before the effective date provided under subsection (f) and that is 
adjusted by reason of the amendments made by subsection (a) and who has 
received a refund of retired pay under section 1450(e) of title 10, 
United States Code, shall not be required to repay such refund to the 
United States.
    (d) Repeal of Authority for Optional Annuity for Dependent 
Children.--Section 1448(d)(2) of such title is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Dependent children.--'' and all that 
        follows through ``In the case of a member described in 
        paragraph (1),'' and inserting ``Dependent children.--In the 
        case of a member described in paragraph (1),''; and
            (2) by striking subparagraph (B).
    (e) Restoration of Eligibility for Previously Eligible Spouses.--
The Secretary of the military department concerned shall restore 
annuity eligibility to any eligible surviving spouse who, in 
consultation with the Secretary, previously elected to transfer payment 
of such annuity to a surviving child or children under the provisions 
of section 1448(d)(2)(B) of title 10, United States Code, as in effect 
on the day before the effective date provided under subsection (f). 
Such eligibility shall be restored whether or not payment to such child 
or children subsequently was terminated due to loss of dependent status 
or death. For the purposes of this subsection, an eligible spouse 
includes a spouse who was previously eligible for payment of such 
annuity and is not remarried, or remarried after having attained age 
55, or whose second or subsequent marriage has been terminated by 
death, divorce or annulment.
    (f) Effective Date.--This section and the amendments made by this 
section shall take effect on the later of--
            (1) October 1, 2011; or
            (2) the first day of the first month that begins after the 
        date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 4. ELIMINATION OF FISCAL YEAR LIMITATION IN CONSIDERING ACTIVE 
              DUTY AND ACTIVE SERVICE FOR EARLY ELIGIBILITY FOR RECEIPT 
              OF NON-REGULAR SERVICE RETIRED PAY.

    (a) Consideration of 90-Day Periods of Service.--Section 
12731(f)(2)(A) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by striking 
``below 60 years of age by three months for each aggregate of 90 days 
on which such person so performs in any fiscal year after such date, 
subject to subparagraph (C)'' and inserting ``, subject to subparagraph 
(C), below 60 years of age by three months for each aggregate of 90 
days on which such person serves on such active duty or performs such 
active service after such date''.
    (b) Retroactive Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection 
(a) shall take effect as of January 28, 2008, and as if included in the 
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 
110-181) as enacted.
Example Output: Allows the receipt of both military retired pay and veterans' disability compensation with respect to any service-connected disability (under current law, only a disability rated at 50% or more). Repeals provisions phasing in the full concurrent receipt of such pay through December 31, 2013.

Makes eligible for the full concurrent receipt of both veterans' disability compensation and either military retired pay or combat-related special pay those individuals who were retired or separated from military service due to a service-connected disability.

Repeals certain provisions which require the offset of amounts paid in dependency and indemnity compensation from Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP) annuities for the surviving spouses of former military personnel who are entitled to military retired pay or who would be entitled to retired pay except for being under 60 years of age.

Prohibits requiring repayment of certain amounts previously paid to SBP recipients in the form of a retired pay refund.

Repeals the optional authority of (and instead requires) the Secretary of the military department concerned to pay an annuity to a member's dependent children when there is no eligible surviving spouse.

Directs the Secretary concerned to restore annuity eligibility to a surviving spouse who earlier agreed to transfer such eligibility to a surviving child or children of a member.

Removes the requirement that days of active duty or active service used to reduce the minimum age at which a member of the reserves may retire for non-regular (reserve) service must occur in the same fiscal year.

Example Input: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``National Neurotechnology Initiative 
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds the following:
            (1) While the field of neuroscience is highly advanced, our 
        understanding of how the brain works still has many gaps and 
        our ability to repair damage remains limited.
            (2) Nearly 100,000,000 Americans suffer from a brain or 
        nervous system disease, injury, or disorder, and the national 
        economic burden of such brain-related illnesses has reached 
        over $1,000,000,000,000 per year and is growing alarmingly due 
        to an aging population.
            (3) Critical unmet medical needs exist in almost every area 
        of the brain and nervous system, including Alzheimer's disease, 
        addiction, anxiety, chronic pain, depression, epilepsy, hearing 
        loss, multiple sclerosis, obesity, Parkinson's disease, 
        schizophrenia, sleep, spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic 
        brain injury, and more.
            (4) While the science of the brain is moving forward more 
        rapidly than any other science today, we must ensure these 
        discoveries quickly become tools to improve the human 
        condition.
            (5) Neurotechnology holds the potential to transform nearly 
        every aspect of our lives from medicine to defense to education 
        to computing, as well as our conception of the human mind.
            (6) A global race is underway to determine the country that 
        will lead the neurotechnology economy, which will have long-
        lasting implications on employment, infrastructure development, 
        and regional competitiveness.
            (7) Federal leadership is needed to accelerate and 
        coordinate the development of neurotechnology and bring the 
        benefits to those in need across the Nation.
            (8) Therefore, it is in the national interest for the 
        Federal Government to increase investment and interagency 
        coordination of Federal neurotechnology research, development, 
        and commercialization programs.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Initiative.--The term ``Initiative'' means the National 
        Neurotechnology Initiative implemented under section 4.
            (2) Neurotechnology.--The term ``neurotechnology'' means 
        the science and technology that allows an individual to 
        analyze, understand, treat, and heal the brain and nervous 
        system.
            (3) Qualified staff.--The term ``qualified staff'' means a 
        Food and Drug Administration employee who has academic training 
        or significant experience in neurotechnology or related fields, 
        or who has satisfactorily completed a Food and Drug 
        Administration neuroscience training course.
            (4) Related fields.--The term ``related fields'' means 
        neuroscience, neuromedicine, cognitive science, behavioral 
        psychology, neuropharmacology, neuropsychiatry, neuroimaging, 
        neuroregeneration, neurorehabilitation, neuromodulation, 
        neurostimulation, biomedical engineering, bioengineering, 
        molecular biology, computer science, robotics, and such other 
        fields as the Director of the National Neurotechnology 
        Coordinating Office determines to be related to 
        neurotechnology.
            (5) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Health and Human Services.
            (6) Translational.--The term ``translational'' means 
        relating to research that is focused on converting laboratory 
        findings into patient treatments.

SEC. 4. NATIONAL NEUROTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall implement a National 
Neurotechnology Initiative under which, acting through appropriate 
agencies, councils, and the National Neurotechnology Coordination 
Office established pursuant to section 5, the Secretary shall--
            (1) establish goals, priorities, and metrics for evaluation 
        for Federal neurotechnology research, development, 
        commercialization, and other activities;
            (2) increase the investment in Federal research, 
        development, and translational programs in neurotechnology, and 
        related fields as appropriate, to achieve the goals described 
        in paragraph (1); and
            (3) increase interagency coordination of Federal 
        neurotechnology research, development, and other activities 
        undertaken pursuant to the Initiative.
    (b) Areas of Concentration.--The Initiative shall--
            (1) coordinate, support, and extend the neurotechnology-
        related activities of the National Institutes of Health and the 
        work of the Blueprint for Neuroscience Research developed under 
        section 6(a);
            (2) coordinate and promote neuroscience small business 
        innovation research programs;
            (3) facilitate testing and evaluation of advances in 
        neuromedicine, including drugs, diagnostics, and devices; and
            (4) coordinate and promote the study of the social, 
        ethical, and legal aspects of neurotechnology.

SEC. 5. COORDINATION.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a National 
Neurotechnology Coordination Office, to be headed by a director to be 
appointed by the Secretary, that shall--
            (1) coordinate Federal neurotechnology activities among the 
        Department of Health and Human Services, the National 
        Institutes of Health, the Food and Drug Administration, the 
        Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and 
        other Federal agencies;
            (2) serve as the point of contact on Federal 
        neurotechnology activities for academia, industry, professional 
        societies, State neurotechnology programs, interested citizen 
        groups, and others to facilitate the exchange of technical and 
        programmatic information;
            (3) conduct public outreach, including dissemination of 
        findings and recommendations of the National Neurotechnology 
        Advisory Council established under subsection (c), as 
        appropriate;
            (4) promote access to, and the early application of, the 
        technologies, innovations, and expertise derived from 
        activities conducted under the Initiative by agencies and 
        systems across the Federal Government, and by United States 
        industry, including start-up companies; and
            (5) provide technical and administrative support to the 
        National Neurotechnology Advisory Council.
    (b) Report.--The Director of the National Neurotechnology 
Coordination Office shall annually submit to the Secretary a report on 
the status of the Initiative. Such reports shall contain the results of 
an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Initiative in the year for 
which the report is being prepared and the goals and benchmarks for the 
following year. The Secretary shall transmit a copy of each report 
under this subsection to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, 
and Pensions of the Senate.
    (c) Advisory Council.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish, or 
        designate an existing entity as, a National Neurotechnology 
        Advisory Council.
            (2) Qualifications.--
                    (A) In general.--The Advisory Council shall consist 
                primarily of members from academic institutions, not-
                for-profit organizations, and industry.
                    (B) Requirements.--Members of the Advisory Council 
                shall be qualified to provide advice and information on 
                neurotechnology research, development, demonstrations, 
                education, technology transfer, commercial application, 
                delivery, access, or ethical, legal, and social issues 
                related to neurotechnology.
                    (C) Recommendations.--In appointing members to, or 
                designating an entity as, an Advisory Council, the 
                Secretary may seek and give consideration to 
                recommendations from the Congress, industry, the 
                scientific and medical communities (including the 
                National Academy of Sciences, scientific and medical 
                professional societies, not-for-profit organizations, 
                and academia), the defense community, State and local 
                governments, regional neurotechnology programs, and 
                other appropriate organizations.
            (3) Duties.--The Advisory Council shall provide advice to 
        the Director of the National Neurotechnology Coordination 
        Office on matters relating to the Initiative, including 
        assessing--
                    (A) trends and developments in neurotechnology and 
                related fields;
                    (B) progress made in implementing the Initiative;
                    (C) the need to revise the Initiative;
                    (D) the balance among the components of the 
                Initiative, including funding levels for the program 
                component areas;
                    (E) whether the program component areas, 
                priorities, and technical goals developed by the 
                Council are helping to maintain United States 
                leadership in neurotechnology and related fields;
                    (F) the management, coordination, implementation, 
                and activities of the Initiative; and
                    (G) whether ethical, legal, and social issues are 
                adequately addressed by the Initiative.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) Office.--There is authorized to be appropriated to 
        carry out subsections (a) and (b) $4,000,000 for each of fiscal 
        years 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012.
            (2) Advisory council.--There is authorized to be 
        appropriated to carry out subsection (c) $1,000,000 for each of 
        fiscal years 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012.

SEC. 6. PROGRAMS RELATED TO THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH.

    (a) Blueprint for Neuroscience Research.--The Director of the 
National Institutes of Health shall develop a program or designate an 
existing program, to be known as the Blueprint for Neuroscience 
Research, for collaboration among the institutes, centers, and offices 
of the National Institutes of Health that support neuroscience research 
within the National Institutes of Health. Such program shall--
            (1) identify pervasive challenges in neuroscience and any 
        technological barriers to solving such challenges; and
            (2) support the development of new tools, training 
        opportunities, and other resources to assist neuroscientists in 
        both basic and clinical research.
    (b) Small Business Innovation Research.--In carrying out their 
duties under the Small Business Innovation Research Program, the 
directors of each of the institutes of the National Institutes of 
Health shall--
            (1) where appropriate, give high priority to small business 
        concerns that participate in or conduct neurotechnology 
        research and development projects; and
            (2) annually report to the Director of the National 
        Neurotechnology Coordination Office concerning the percentage 
        of Small Business Innovation Research funding being used for 
        such projects.
    (c) Small Business Technology Transfer.--In carrying out their 
duties under the Small Business Technology Transfer Program, the 
directors of each of the institutes of the National Institutes of 
Health shall--
            (1) where appropriate, give high priority to small business 
        concerns that participate in or conduct neurotechnology 
        research and development projects; and
            (2) annually report to the Director of the National 
        Neurotechnology Coordination Office concerning the percentage 
        of Small Business Technology Transfer funding being used for 
        such projects.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) Blueprint for neuroscience research.--There are 
        authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsection (a)--
                    (A) $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
                    (B) $88,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
                    (C) $96,800,000 for fiscal year 2011; and
                    (D) $106,480,000 for fiscal year 2012.
            (2) Small business innovation research and small business 
        technology transfer.--
                    (A) In general.--There are authorized to be 
                appropriated to carry out subsections (b) and (c)--
                            (i) $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
                            (ii) $82,500,000 for fiscal year 2010;
                            (iii) $90,750,000 for fiscal year 2011; and
                            (iv) $99,825,000 for fiscal year 2012.
                    (B) Limitation.--None of the funding authorized by 
                this paragraph may be counted toward the expenditure 
                amounts required by subsections (f) and (n) of section 
                9 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 638).

SEC. 7. PROGRAMS RELATED TO THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION.

    (a) FDA Review.--The Commissioner of Food and Drugs shall direct 
the Director of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the 
Director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, and the 
Director of the Center for Devices and Radiological Health to improve 
the timeliness of the review process for neurology and psychiatry by--
            (1) increasing, through recruitment and training, the 
        number of qualified staff within such Centers; and
            (2) improving the processes for creating guidelines with 
        respect to neurology and psychiatry and communicating those 
        guidelines to industry.
    (b) Neurotechnology Standards Workgroups.--The Commissioner of Food 
and Drugs shall sponsor workgroups including academic and industry 
representatives to develop standards for preclinical testing and 
clinical trial endpoints for emerging brain and nervous system 
indications for which clear and achievable standards do not otherwise 
exist on the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) FDA review.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        carry out subsection (a)--
                    (A) $26,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
                    (B) $28,600,000 for fiscal year 2010;
                    (C) $31,460,000 for fiscal year 2011; and
                    (D) $34,606,000 for fiscal year 2012.
            (2) Neurotechnology standards workgroups.--There is 
        authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsection (b) 
        $4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012.

SEC. 8. PROGRAMS RELATED TO ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND SOCIAL ISSUES.

    (a) American Neurotechnology Study Center.--The Director of the 
National Neurotechnology Coordination Office shall--
            (1) provide for the establishment, on a merit-reviewed and 
        competitive basis, of an American Neurotechnology Study Center 
        that shall--
                    (A) establish a research program to identify 
                ethical, legal, and social issues related to 
                neurotechnology and related fields, and ensure that the 
                results of such research are widely disseminated; and
                    (B) conduct, coordinate, collect, and disseminate 
                studies on such issues; and
            (2) provide for public input and outreach to be integrated 
        into the Initiative by the convening of regular and ongoing 
        public discussions, through mechanisms such as citizens' 
        panels, consensus conferences, and educational events, as 
        appropriate.
    (b) Study on the Responsible Development of Neurotechnology.--The 
American Neurotechnology Study Center established under subsection (a) 
shall conduct a study to assess the need for standards, guidelines, or 
strategies for ensuring the responsible development of neurotechnology, 
including--
            (1) the safety of use of brain interface devices;
            (2) human subject guidelines for research and development 
        of neurotechnology;
            (3) the use of neurotechnology in the enhancement of human 
        intelligence;
            (4) the development of defensive technologies relating to 
        neurotechnology;
            (5) the use of neurotechnology in developing artificial 
        intelligence;
            (6) the potential to ease the health care burden through 
        use of neurotechnology; and
            (7) the development of appropriate ethical standards and 
        guidelines for research and development in neurotechnology.
    (c) Study on the Economic Impact of Neurotechnology.--The Director 
of the National Neurotechnology Coordination Office shall, on a merit-
reviewed and competitive basis, provide for the conduct of an annual 
study to assess the need for analyses, programs, reports, or strategies 
for ensuring the development of neurotechnology, including analyzing--
            (1) the economic burden of brain and nervous system 
        disorders and illness;
            (2) the economic growth potential of neurotechnology;
            (3) national and regional neurotechnology assets; and
            (4) global neurotechnology assets.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) In general.--There is authorized to be appropriated to 
        carry out subsection (a) and (b) $8,000,000 for each of fiscal 
        years 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012.
            (2) Study on the responsible development of 
        neurotechnology.--There is authorized to be appropriated to 
        carry out subsection (c) $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
        2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012.
            (3) Limitation.--No more than $250,000 per fiscal year 
        shall be used to carry out subsection (a)(2).
Example Output:
National Neurotechnology Initiative Act - Defines "neurotechnology" to mean the science and technology that allows an individual to analyze, understand, treat, and heal the brain and nervous system.

Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to implement a National Neurotechnology Initiative, under which the Secretary shall: (1) establish goals, priorities, and metrics for evaluation for federal neurotechnology research, development, and commercialization; (2) increase the investment in federal research, development, and translational programs in neurotechnology to achieve such goals; and (3) increase interagency coordination.

Requires the Secretary to establish the National Neurotechnology Coordination Office and the National Neurotechnology Advisory Council.

Requires the Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop the Blueprint for Neuroscience Research to: (1) identify pervasive challenges in neuroscience and any technological barriers to solving such challenges; and (2) support the development of new tools, training opportunities, and other resources to assist neuroscientists in basic and clinical research.

Directs the Commissioner of Food and Drugs to require the Directors of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, and the Center for Devices and Radiological Health to improve the timelines of the review process for neurology and psychiatry.

Requires the Director of the National Neurotechnology Coordination Office to establish the American Neurotechnology Study Center.