Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: Enhanced processing of emotional stimuli after stress exposure is reported to be associated with stress-induced cortisol. Because enhanced emotional information processing could make cognitive emotion regulation more difficult, it was hypothesized that stress-induced cortisol would be associated with non-negative interpretation generation associated with the cognitive reappraisal processes.', 'A total of 36 participants (Mean age\u2009=\u200921.3\xa0years, SD\u2009=\u20091.8) watched video clips of depression-related stressful situations before and after the administration of a stress induction task. They were then asked to generate as many non-negative interpretations as possible to reduce the depressive mood. Saliva samples were obtained before and after the stress induction task to measure change in the cortisol level.', 'Participants were allocated post-hoc to either a responder (n\u2009=\u200919) or non-responder group (n\u2009=\u200917) based on the cortisol response to the stress induction task. The number of non-negative interpretations generated following the stress induction task was reduced only in the cortisol responders. The number of post-stress non-negative interpretations was fewer in the responder group when compared by sex, baseline cortisol level, and the number of pre-stress non-negative interpretations, statistically controlled.

A: 0
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Q: Oxygen free radicals and apoptosis play important roles in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We sought to investigate the protective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to attenuate liver I/R injury due to oxygen free radicals and apoptosis.', 'Harvested rat livers were perfused via the portal vein with 60 mL of 4 degrees C histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution alone in the control group, or with the same solution containing CGRP (3 microg/10 g body weight) in the experimental group. After 24 hours of cold storage, hepatic enzyme leakage, portal venous pressure, oxygen consumption, total adenine nucleotides (TAN), bile production, lipoperoxide (LPO) release, apoptosis, and histochemical changes were evaluated upon 45 minutes of isolated reperfusion.', "Compared with control livers, CGRP-treated organs showed significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glutamate-lactate dehydrogenase (GLDH) leakage and portal venous pressure (2.0 +/- 0.3 vs 4.0 +/- 0.4 mmHg; P < .01), with significantly increased bile production (8.56 +/- 0.76 vs 3.34 +/- 0.68 microL/g/45 min; P < .01), oxygen consumption (5.14 +/- 0.4 vs 2.57 +/- 0.2 microL/g/min; P < .01), and total adenine nucleotides (TAN) (11.1 +/- 0.71 vs 7.02 +/- 0.53 micromol/g; P < .01) upon reperfusion as signs of recovered viability. We observed infrequent positive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, especially in sinusoidal lining cells (SLC). The percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the CGRP group was significantly decreased compared with the control group: (4.1 +/- 0.67 vs 8.0 +/- 1.27; P < .05). Perfusate levels of low molecular weight (LMW) histone-associated DNA fragments (0.36 +/- 0.04 vs 0.53 +/- 0.06 AU; P < .05) were also decreased, coupled with strong 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) and LDH activity staining concentrated on the endothelial cells. LPO release in the perfusate was largely decreased: (0.12 +/- 0.02 vs 0.36 +/- 0.04 nmoL/g, P < .01).

A: 1
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Q: One of the challenges faced by equine breeders is ensuring delivery of good quality semen doses for artificial insemination when the mare is due to ovulate. Single Layer Centrifugation (SLC) has been shown to select morphologically normal spermatozoa with intact chromatin and good progressive motility from the rest of the ejaculate, and to prolong the life of these selected spermatozoa in vitro. The objective of the present study was a proof of concept, to determine whether fertilizing ability was retained in SLC-selected spermatozoa during prolonged storage.', 'Sixteen mares were inseminated with SLC-selected sperm doses that had been cooled and stored at 6°C for 48 h, 72 h or 96 h. Embryos were identified in 11 mares by ultrasound examination 16-18 days after presumed ovulation.

A:
0
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