In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Q: Context: To evaluate the effects of COX-1 and/or COX-2 inhibition in a model of chronic esophagitis in rabbits.', 'Both high- and low-grade esophagitis were induced in rabbits by the perfusion of acidified pepsin. Rabbits were treated with either a selective COX-2 inhibitor (DFU[3-(3-Fluorophenyl)-4-(4-Methanesulfonyl)-5,5-Dimethyl-5H-Furan-2-One];30 mg/Kg/day), a nonspecific COX inhibitor (indomethacin; 2 mg/Kg/day), or a COX-1 preferential inhibitor (piroxicam; 2 mg/Kg/12 h).', 'Prostaglandins are derived from COX-1 activity in the normal esophagus. Both low- and high-grade esophagitis are associated with a progressive increase of COX activity, which is partially dependent on the COX-2 isoform. DFU reduced muscosal damage in both models of esophagitis. However, indomethacin did not affect significantly mucosal damage, and piroxicam increased damage in low-grade esophagitis.\Question: Is selective COX-2 inhibition associated with decreased mucosal damage induced by acid and pepsin in rabbit esophagitis?

A: COX-1 activity is constitutive in the rabbit esophageal mucosa, but both COX-2 and COX-1 activity are increased under the impact of acidified pepsin. Treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor DFU is associated with improvement of mucosal damage, which may have therapeutic implications.
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Q: Context: The gene(s) encoding for endomorphin precursor(s) is/are still unknown. We have raised the possibility of and did find some evidence for a potential de novo biosynthetic route starting from Tyr-Pro precursor. To pursue further this possibility we measured the generation of immunoreactive endomorphin-2 (E2-IR) in adult rat isolated L4,5 dorsal root ganglia.\Question: Is immunoreactive endomorphin 2 generated extracellularly in rat isolated L4,5 dorsal root ganglia by DPP-IV?

A: In rat isolated dorsal root ganglia the combination of presumed biosynthetic precursor of endomorphin 2 (E2), Tyr-Pro with the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor Ile-Pro-Ile generated 1.60+/-0.37 pg/mg Wet Tissue Weight_30 min E2-IR in the bathing fluid (n=4) with an 8-fold increase upon depolarization whereas the tissue content was low (0.50+/-0.08 pg/mg_WTW). Substance P, as determined by ELISA in the pilot experiments, was found almost exclusively within the tissues. It is concluded that E2-IR was generated extracellularly by a membrane-bound DPP-IV, which was switched to "synthase" mode by the hydrolase inhibitor Ile-Pro-Ile. DPP-IV was depolarization-sensitive in "synthase" functional mode.
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Q: Context: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) application and the possible pathways of MSC's effects on tendon strength and healing after tendon repair.", 'The study included 40 Wistar albino rats. Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from the femurs and tibias of 6 rats. Achilles tendons of the remaining 34 rats were cut and repaired with open surgical procedures. Rats were divided into 2 groups. Percutaneous MSCs were applied to the study group (n=17) and physiological serum only was applied to the control group (n=17) at the 4th week. Rats were sacrificed using the cervical dislocation method under ether anesthesia at the 12th week and samples were analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical methods. For biomechanical analysis, a traction force was applied at 10 mm/min and load to failure was recorded for each specimen in Newtons.', 'Histologically, there was no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). In the immunohistochemical studies, MSCs were located more intensively at the repair zone. Apoptosis was minimally present in the study group and was clearly increased in the control group. Increase in tendon strength was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group at the 12th week (p<0.05).\Question: Does mesenchymal stem cell application improve tendon healing via anti-apoptotic effect ( Animal study )?

A:
The application of MSCs to decrease re-ruptures has a positive effect on tendon strength, probably due to their anti-apoptotic effects. Mesenchymal stem cell application can be used percutaneously and is effective in clinical practice in the late stages of tendon healing.
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