In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Federal Law Enforcement Officers Pay 
Equity and Reform Act''.

SEC. 2. LIMITATION ON PREMIUM PAY.

    (a) In General.--Section 5547 of title 5, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``5545a,'';
            (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``or 5545a''; and
            (3) in subsection (d), by striking the period and inserting 
        ``or a criminal investigator who is paid availability pay under 
        section 5545a.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take 
effect as if included in the enactment of section 1114 of the National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002 (Public Law 107-107; 115 
Stat. 1239).

SEC. 3. SPECIAL PAY ADJUSTMENTS FOR FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS IN 
              CERTAIN AREAS.

    (a) In General.--Section 404(b)(1) of the Federal Law Enforcement 
Pay Reform Act of 1990 (5 U.S.C. 5305 note) is amended by striking the 
matter after the semicolon and inserting the following:

          ``Area                                           Differential
        Boston-Lawrence-Salem, MA-NH Consolidated                24.4% 
            Metropolitan Statistical Area.
        Chicago-Gary-Lake County, IL-IN-WI Consolidated          24.5% 
            Metropolitan Statistical Area.
        Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint, MI........................      18.5% 
        Hartford, CT.......................................      20.3% 
        Los Angeles-Anaheim-Riverside, CA Consolidated           27.1% 
            Metropolitan Statistical Area.
        New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT       26.1% 
            Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area.
        Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton PA-NJ-DE-MD              20.3% 
            Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area.
        Portland-Salem, OR-WA..............................      18.5% 
        Sacramento-Yolo, CA................................        21% 
        San Diego, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area........      27.1% 
        San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA Consolidated         32.03% 
            Metropolitan Statistical Area.
        Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton, WA.......................      27.5% 
        Washington-Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV Consolidated         24.3%''.
            Metropolitan Statistical Area.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section shall apply 
with respect to pay for service performed in pay periods beginning on 
or after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 4. SEPARATE PAY, EVALUATION, AND PROMOTION SYSTEM FOR FEDERAL LAW 
              ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS.

    (a) Study.--Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Office of Personnel Management shall study and submit 
to Congress a report which shall contain its findings and 
recommendations regarding the need for, and the potential benefits to 
be derived from, the establishment of a separate pay, evaluation, and 
promotion system for Federal law enforcement officers. In carrying out 
this subsection, the Office of Personnel Management shall take into 
account the findings and recommendations contained in the September 
1993 report of the Office entitled ``A Plan to Establish a New Pay and 
Job Evaluation System for Federal Law Enforcement Officers''.
    (b) Demonstration Project.--
            (1) In general.--If, after completing its report under 
        subsection (a), the Office of Personnel Management considers it 
        to be appropriate, the Office shall implement, within 12 months 
        after the date of the enactment of this Act, a demonstration 
        project to determine whether a separate system for Federal law 
        enforcement officers (as described in subsection (a)) would 
        result in improved Federal personnel management.
            (2) Applicable provisions.--Any demonstration project under 
        this subsection shall be conducted in accordance with the 
        provisions of chapter 47 of title 5, United States Code, except 
        that a project under this subsection shall not be taken into 
        account for purposes of the numerical limitation under section 
        4703(d)(2) of such title.
            (3) Permanent changes.--Not later than 6 months before the 
        demonstration project's scheduled termination date, the Office 
        of Personnel Management shall submit to Congress--
                    (A) its evaluation of the system tested under the 
                demonstration project; and
                    (B) recommendations as to whether or not that 
                system (or any aspects of that system) should be 
                continued or extended to other Federal law enforcement 
                officers.
    (c) Federal Law Enforcement Officer Defined.--For purposes of this 
section, the term ``Federal law enforcement officer'' means a law 
enforcement officer as defined by section 8331 or 8401 of title 5, 
United States Code, and, subsection (b)(2) notwithstanding, includes 
any such officer serving in or under the Federal Bureau of 
Investigation.

Answer: Federal Law Enforcement Officers Pay Equity and Reform Act - Excludes availability pay for Federal criminal investigators from premium pay limitations.Amends the Federal Law Enforcement Pay Reform Act of 1990 to increase the Federal special pay differential for Federal law enforcement officers employed in specified metropolitan statistical areas.Requires a study by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) regarding the need for, and potential benefits of, the establishment of a separate pay, evaluation, and promotion system for Federal law enforcement officers (including officers serving in or under the Federal Bureau of Investigation). Authorizes OPM to implement a demonstration project for such a system.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Sunshine in Academic Admissions 
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Citizens and taxpayers have a right to know whether 
        federally funded institutions of higher education are treating 
        student applications differently depending on the student's 
        race, color, or national origin, and, if so, the way in which 
        these factors are weighted and the consequences to students and 
        prospective students of these decisions.
            (2) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 codified this 
        right, forbidding in statute discrimination on the basis of 
        race, color, or national origin by federally funded 
        institutions, which includes nearly all colleges and 
        universities.
            (3) This prohibition has largely been ignored by the 
        Supreme Court, which has allowed racially discriminatory 
        admissions.
            (4) However, in Fisher v. University of Texas, the United 
        States Supreme Court in 2013 affirmed that strict scrutiny 
        should be applied to university admissions programs to ensure 
        diversity is not defined as ``mere racial balancing,'' but has 
        a compelling state interest to achieve diversity. The Fisher 
        case clarified that any such discrimination is only permitted 
        if it is necessary to achieve the educational benefits of a 
        racially diverse student body.
            (5) Therefore, colleges and universities must reevaluate 
        their use of racially selective admissions policies. The costs 
        of such policies cannot outweigh the supposed benefits. If a 
        less discriminatory means could achieve similar results, the 
        discrimination is not permissible.
            (6) In order to ensure that these limitations are followed, 
        colleges and federally funded institutions of higher education 
        must make public through annual reports their use of race, 
        color, and national origin, for admissions decisions so that 
        Federal and State enforcement agencies and interested persons 
        can monitor the schools.
            (7) Additionally, college and universities must provide 
        evidence sufficient to demonstrate that any such discrimination 
        does not exceed the limits imposed by the Fisher case.
            (8) Academic ``mismatch'' refers to a significant 
        discrepancy in academic qualifications between various groups 
        within a student body, and is encouraged when universities 
        lower their academic standards to artificially achieve a 
        particular composition.
            (9) Mismatch works a harm because it sets particular 
        students up for lower than average achievement, higher dropout 
        rates, less competitive majors and, perhaps most damaging, a 
        disproportionately large student loan burden.

SEC. 3. REPORT ON CONSIDERATION OF RACE, COLOR, OR NATIONAL ORIGIN IN 
              STUDENT ADMISSIONS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, each institution of 
higher education participating in programs under title IV of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 shall submit to the Secretary of Education a 
report in accordance with this section.
    (b) Contents of Report.--
            (1) Disclosure of consideration of race, color, or national 
        origin in student admissions.--The report shall include a 
        statement indicating whether race, color, or national origin is 
        given weight in the student admissions process of the 
        institution or any department of the institution.
            (2) Additional disclosures.--If the disclosure under 
        paragraph (1) states that race, color, or national origin is 
        given weight in the student admissions process of an 
        institution or department, then the report shall include the 
        following information with respect to the institution or 
        department:
                    (A) The racial, color, and national origin groups 
                for which membership is considered a plus factor or a 
                minus factor and, in addition, how membership in a 
                group is determined for individual students.
                    (B) A description of how group membership is 
                considered, including the weight given to such 
                consideration and whether targets, goals, or quotas are 
                used.
                    (C) A statement explaining why group membership is 
                given weight, including the determination of the 
                desired level claimed and, with respect to the 
                diversity rationale, its relationship to the particular 
                educational mission of the institution or department.
                    (D) A description of the consideration that has 
                been given to racially neutral or less discriminatory 
                alternatives as a means for achieving the same goals 
                for which group membership is considered.
                    (E) A description of how frequently the need to 
                give weight to group membership is reassessed and how 
                that reassessment is conducted.
                    (F) An identification of the factors other than 
                race, color, or national origin that are collected in 
                the admissions process. If the factors described in the 
                preceding sentence include grades or class rank in high 
                school, scores on standardized tests (including the ACT 
                and SAT), legacy status, sex, State residency, economic 
                status, or other quantifiable criteria, then all raw 
                admissions data for applicants regarding these factors, 
                along with each individual applicant's race, color, and 
                national origin and the admissions decision made by the 
                school regarding that applicant, shall accompany the 
                report in computer-readable form, with the name of the 
                individual student redacted but with appropriate links, 
                so that it is possible for the Secretary of Education 
                or other interested persons to determine through 
                statistical analysis the weight being given to race, 
                color, and national origin, relative to other factors.
                    (G) An analysis, and also the underlying data 
                needed to perform an analysis, of whether there is a 
                correlation--
                            (i) between membership in a group favored 
                        on account of race, color, or national origin 
                        and the likelihood of enrollment in a 
                        remediation program, relative to membership in 
                        other groups;
                            (ii) between such membership and graduation 
                        rates, relative to membership in other groups; 
                        and
                            (iii) between such membership and the 
                        likelihood of defaulting on education loans, 
                        relative to membership in other groups.
    (c) Public Availability.--The institution shall make the report 
publicly available.

SEC. 4. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed to allow or permit 
preference or discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national 
origin.

SEC. 5. DEFINITION.

    In this Act, the term ``institution of higher education'' has the 
meaning given the term in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002), except that the term does not include an 
institution of higher education outside the United States.

Answer: Sunshine in Academic Admissions Act This bill requires each institution of higher education that participates in a program under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 to submit an annual report to the Department of Education that states whether the institution gives weight to race, color, or national origin in the admissions process and, if yes, provides certain additional disclosures.  The institution must make the report publicly available. 


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Modern-Day Marshall Plan for Eurasia 
and the Middle East Act of 2003''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS; PURPOSES.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) After World War II, the United States established a 
        program to provide for the reconstruction of Europe, named 
        after General George C. Marshall and commonly referred to as 
        the ``Marshall Plan'', which made a significant contribution to 
        the stimulation of economic growth and international trade in 
        Europe from 1948 to 1951, thereby helping to stem the spread of 
        Communism and to foster stable political governments in Europe.
            (2) By providing assistance to Europe through the Marshall 
        Plan, the United States recognized the direct link between 
        economic growth and political stability, thereby investing 
        resources into economic development and assistance.
            (3) The Marshall Plan is chiefly characterized by its 
        integration of recipients into the development process, forming 
        a partnership whereby European countries agreed to a ``plan of 
        action'' that committed Europe to take steps toward solution of 
        its economic and political problems prior to the formulation of 
        a program of assistance.
            (4) On April 17, 2002, President Bush stated in a speech at 
        the Virginia Military Institute (VMI): ``[General] Marshall 
        knew that our military victory against enemies in World War II 
        had to be followed by a moral victory that resulted in better 
        lives for individual human beings. America has a much greater 
        purpose than just eliminating threats and containing 
        resentment. Because we believe in the dignity and value of 
        every individual, America seeks hope and opportunity for all 
        people in all cultures.''.
            (5) A principal objective of United States foreign 
        assistance programs, as stated in the Foreign Assistance Act of 
        1961, continues to be the ``encouragement and sustained support 
        of the people of developing countries in their efforts to 
        acquire the knowledge and resources essential to development 
        and to build the economic, political, and social institutions 
        which will improve the quality of their lives.''.
            (6) Significant poverty, corruption, and human rights 
        abuses in many countries of Eurasia and the Middle East 
        contribute to the political and economic deterioration of those 
        regions.
            (7) The potential resources of many countries of Eurasia 
        and the Middle East are rich and plentiful and can be developed 
        in peace and in partnership through cooperation and mutual 
        assistance.
            (8) The attacks against the United States that occurred on 
        September 11, 2001, and the subsequent global war on terrorism, 
        have enhanced United States strategic concern for the economic 
        and political future of countries of Eurasia and the Middle 
        East.
            (9) United States foreign assistance programs continue to 
        influence the direction of the Central Asia, Eurasia, and 
        Middle East regions.
            (10) In 1972, the United Nations voted to recommend that 
        developed countries should contribute an amount equal to 0.7 
        percent of their gross domestic product for assistance to 
        developing countries, however, the United States currently 
        provides an amount equal to only 0.1 percent of its gross 
        domestic product for assistance to developing countries.
            (11) The magnitude of the economic, humanitarian, and 
        political challenges in the Eurasia and Middle East regions is 
        extensive and demands consistent and enhanced input and 
        assistance from the United States, particularly through the 
        United States Agency for International Development (USAID) as 
        well as extensive coordination with other appropriate United 
        States agencies and international donor organizations, in order 
        to effectively implement development assistance and effectively 
        eliminate the causes of terrorism in these regions.
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are--
            (1) to enhance and increase United States foreign 
        assistance to the developing countries of Eurasia and the 
        Middle East; and
            (2) to assist such countries of Eurasia and the Middle East 
        to grow, prosper, and to seize the opportunities of the global 
        economy in order to achieve transparent, accountable, and 
        politically stable democratic forms of government in such 
        countries.

SEC. 3. SENSE OF CONGRESS; STATEMENT OF POLICY.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the United 
States Government should recognize that to promote politically stable 
and economically prosperous countries in Eurasia and the Middle East is 
in the national security interests of the United States.
    (b) Statement of Policy.--It shall be the policy of the United 
States--
            (1) to promote stable democracies and market economies in 
        countries of Eurasia and the Middle East;
            (2) to encourage regular dialogue between United States 
        Government officials and human rights organizations, civic 
        organizers, reform-minded politicians and democratic activists 
        in order to further democratic reform and economic stability in 
        developing countries of Eurasia and the Middle East; and
            (3) to encourage dialogue between United States Government 
        officials and private sector individuals regarding the opening 
        of markets and transparency in business practices in countries 
        of Eurasia and the Middle East.

SEC. 4. ASSISTANCE TO PROMOTE POLITICAL STABILITY IN THE COUNTRIES OF 
              EURASIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST.

    (a) In General.--The President is authorized, notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, to establish and implement a program to provide 
economic assistance for the developing countries of Eurasia and the 
Middle East in order to promote political stability in such countries.
    (b) Types of Assistance.--Assistance provided under the program 
established under subsection (a) shall include assistance to promote--
            (1) economic growth, trade, education, and infrastructure;
            (2) health, including assistance to prevent, treat, and 
        monitor HIV/AIDS, family planning assistance, and child 
        survival assistance; and
            (3) democracy building and human rights.
    (c) Terms and Conditions.--Assistance under the program established 
under subsection (a)--
            (1) shall be provided in accordance with the terms and 
        conditions utilized by the International Bank for 
        Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary 
        Fund under the ``Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers'' process 
        established by such institutions; and
            (2) shall be provided on such other terms and conditions as 
        the President determines to be appropriate.
    (d) Coordination With Other Programs.--The President shall 
coordinate the program established under subsection (a) with all other 
programs under which economic assistance is provided to countries of 
Eurasia and the Middle East.
    (e) Multilateral Assistance.--The President, acting through the 
Secretary of State and other appropriate officials of the United States 
Government, shall urge other appropriate countries to provide 
assistance to countries of Eurasia and the Middle East in accordance 
with the terms and conditions of assistance provided by the United 
States under this Act.

SEC. 5. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) In General.--There are authorized to be appropriated to carry 
out this Act such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2004 and 
each subsequent fiscal year.
    (b) Availability.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to the 
authorization of appropriations under subsection (a) are authorized to 
remain available until expended.

Answer:
Modern-Day Marshall Plan for Eurasia and the Middle East Act of 2003 - Declares that it shall be the policy of the United States to (1) promote stable democracies and market economies in Eurasia and the Middle East, and (2) encourage dialogue between U.S. officials and human rights organizations, civic organizers, politicians, and activists to further democratic reform and economic stability in developing countries there, and (3) encourage dialogue between U.S. officials and the private sector regarding the opening of markets and transparency in business in Eurasia and the Middle East.

Authorizes the President to establish and implement a program to provide economic assistance for the developing countries of Eurasia and the Middle East to foster political stability through programs which promote: (1) economic growth, trade, education and infrastructure; (2) health; and (3) democracy building and human rights.

Requires the President to urge other appropriate countries to provide similar assistance.