In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[EX Q]: The Soave equation adds an acentric factor to this statement, and the virial equation measures deviations from this law using a compressibility factor. This law derived by Benoit Clapeyron can account for density in its "dirty mop" form, and when A and B terms are added to account for the volume and interactions between particles, it is called van der Waals equation. Containing a namesake constant that is Boltzmann's constant times Avogadro's number is, for 10 points, what law usually stated as PV equals nRT
[EX A]: Science

[EX Q]: A paper he wrote about the geometrical representation of a certain kind of property by means of surfaces so excited Maxwell that he made a model illustrating the method. During the early 1880s, this man worked on a modification of the quaternion which he thought could be adapted into a new system of vector analysis, but it had little impact. He developed an "electrical theory of light" which presumed that light is a disturbance propagating through relatively fine-grained media, while his last work was a treatise on Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics which he completed a year before his death in 1903. His greatest discovery was popularized by the Dutch scientist who experimentally confirmed it, Hendrik Roozeboom. His most famous work was translated by Le Chatelier and Ostwald, and established a basis for the theory of the thermodynamic properties of heterogenous substances. FTP, name this founder of physical chemistry, an American scientist known for his namesake phase rule.
[EX A]: Science

[EX Q]: In the presence of ethanol and sodium, these compounds can be reduced to primary alcohols in a reaction named after Bouveault and Blanc. The heterocyclic amine of DMAP attacks the less-hindered carbonyl of an anhydride to form an intermediate that reacts with alcohol to produce one of these in one reaction. A reaction that forms another type of these compounds is reacts a ketone with a peroxyacid. Both of those reactions, the (*) Yamaguchi and BaeyerVilliger reactions, can synthesize the cyclic version of these compounds, which are called lactones. They can be synthesized in by heating carboxylic acids with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst. For 10 points, name this functional group which has a carbon single-bonded to one oxygen and double bonded to another, commonly created in a reaction named for Fischer.
[EX A]:
Science