Given a document, generate a short title of the document. The title should convey the main idea/event/topic about which the document is being written. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].

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Russian election officials on Monday formally barred  Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny  from running for president  prompting calls from  him  for a boycott of next year's vote.
 Navalny  is implicitly barred from running for office because of a conviction in a fraud case which has been viewed as political retribution.  He  could have run if  he  was given a special dispensation or if  his  conviction was cancelled.
 Incumbent Vladimir Putin  is set to easily win a fourth term in office in the March 18 election  with  his  approval ratings topping 80%.
 Putin  foe clears first step in bid for Russian presidency
Over the past year   Navalny  has mounted a grassroots campaign which reached out to the most remote corners of  Putin 's heartland.
 Navalny   41  is the most serious challenger that  Putin  has faced in all  his  years in power  and the court cases against  him  have been widely seen as a tool to keep  him  from running for office.
In a pre-recorded video message that was released minutes after the Election Commission handed down the decision  Navalny called on  his  supporters to boycott the vote.
"The procedure that we're invited to take part is not an election "  he  said. "Only Putin and the candidates  he  has hand-picked are taking part in it."
Central Election Commission chief Ella Pamfilova told  Navalny  ahead of its vote to bar him that "maybe we would be interested if you were running " but said the conviction doesn't allow the commission to put him on the ballot.
Speaking before the vote   Navalny  told the commission that  their  decision to bar him would be a vote "not against me  but against 16 000 people who have nominated me  against 200 000 volunteers who have been canvassing for me."
The involvement of Ksenia Sobchak  a 36-year-old star TV host  could raise public interest in the race. While Sobchak has denied colluding with the Kremlin  she could attract some of  Navalny 's supporters and help boost attendance.
Sobchak criticized  Navalny 's call for boycotting the vote  saying Monday that the "election is the only way to change something  and boycotting them is inefficient and harmful."

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Russian officials bar Navalny from running for president


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On October 22   Tesla  announced a landmark agreement to manufacture cars in China  building capacity to produce locally and boost sales in the worldâs largest market for electric vehicles.
The agreement is a landmark deal in several respects. China has granted  Tesla  more autonomy than other foreign producers.  Tesla  is the first major foreign automaker to establish local operations without a 50:50 local joint venture partner. This is a key concession as  it  allows  Tesla  tighter control over both  its  intellectual property and vertically-integrated production process.  Tesla  will also benefit by reducing production costs for cars sold in China and  though details were not disclosed  may also receive tax breaks and subsidies akin to those enjoyed by Chinese producers.
 Attracting Tesla  is a symbolic win for China. China has clear ambitions to lead the world in electric vehicles in a broader effort to build a cleaner  environmentally-conscious society. The timing of this announcement during Chinaâs critical 19th Congress reinforces the governmentâs broader objectives.
Yet  a closer look suggests that  Tesla  needs China more than China needs  Tesla . As the chart from IHS Markit: Light Vehicle Forecast below shows  China is an essential market for leading global automakers. China surpassed the United States in 2009 as the largest car market  and car sales in Western markets are forecast to decline  while emerging markets will drive global growth.
With its recent shift in environmental priorities  China is also becoming a major player in electric vehicles. In 2016  China accounted for 45% of all the newly registered electric vehicles worldwide with 336 000 in China vs. 160 000 in the United States. China is also building an EV charging infrastructure that primes the market for a high-end producer such as  Tesla . In 2016  China had a 44% global share of publicly available EV charging outlets  including 82% of fast-charging outlets. Demand for electric vehicles has grown faster in China than in any other global market with the share of EV purchases increasing 3.6x from 2014 to 2016. With EV purchases accounting for just 1.37% of the total car market  the Chinese EV market seems poised for further growth.
Low end EV's dominate Tesla
Despite seemingly favorable market conditions   Tesla  has had little success in China to date. Subsidies have driven electric vehicle demand  with the Chinese government paying up to 50% of the purchase price of domestically-produced EV cars. Lower-end electric vehicles have dominated  and  Tesla   which is subject to 25% import taxes  has largely been priced out of the market. In 2016   Tesla  had just a 3% share of the electric vehicle market in China.
 Tesla âs lackluster performance in China is a striking contrast to other global automakers. As in the West  cars are a status symbol in China  and consumers prefer prestigious global brands. Foreign cars claim a 60% market share in China  with foreign brands claiming seven of the top eight spots for cars sold in 2016. Premium brands have done particularly well in China.
Audi  BMW  Mercedes and Porsche all sell between a quarter to a third of their total global sales in China -- a 10% increase on average in just the past five years. In addition  Volkswagen now sells half of its global volume in China. The experiences of other foreign car brands suggest that  Tesla  should fare well in China if  it  can reduce production costs and vehicle pricing in line with the local market.
It is within this context that  Tesla  needs China more than China needs  Tesla . Chinaâs electric vehicle market will grow with or without  Tesla . But Teslaâs deal with the Shanghai government is both timely and essential. As the electric vehicle market takes off in China   Tesla  must do well in this vital market to maintain global leadership. Building volume in China is required to reduce production costs and pricing in the global as well as local market. Ultimately  as we are seeing in other industries   Tesla  may find that technology talent in China will also prove vital to maintain  its  position as a leading innovator globally.

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Why Tesla Needs China More Than China Needs Tesla


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A long-lost piece of electrical wire from  Thomas Edison’s  first underground cable for electric lighting is up for sale.
 Edison’s  own home in Menlo Park  a section of  Edison   New Jersey  was among the homes lit in the November 1880 electrical lighting test.
“Because of this test  Edison  was able to put lights up in New York; because of that   it  went worldwide ” he added.
The wire was saved by F.A. Wardlaw  a long-time  Edison  lab aide who was present on the night of the test. In 1933  Wardlaw dug up the wire and sent it to Paul Kruesi  the son of  Edison ’s chief machinist  who grew up with the inventor in Menlo Park. A handwritten note from Wardlaw is attached to the piece of electrical wire.
“Perhaps you would like a piece of the original conductor used by  Edison  at Menlo Park at the now historic demonstra­tion of the Edison System of Incandescent Electric Lighting in 1880  so am sending you one ” Wardlaw wrote in a Oct. 4  1933 letter accompanying the artifact and note. “I dug it out of the bank on the east side of Christie St  Menlo Park  directly opposite your old home  last Friday. It was the first underground cable ever used for electric lighting and appears pretty good yet after being buried for 53 years.”

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Thomas Edison discovery: Electrical wire from historic home lighting demo on sale for $120 000