instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Inadequate nutrition in very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants is known to be associated with growth failure and poor neurological outcomes. We aimed to investigate the association of early aggressive protein and energy intakes with weight gain and 18-month neurodevelopmental outcomes in VLBW infants.', "A total of 90 infants among 129 infants who survived to discharge were included and divided into two groups (early aggressive nutrition [n = 52] vs conventional nutrition [n = 38]). Clinical findings were compared between the two groups and daily protein and energy intakes were collected for the first 4 weeks of life. Multiple regression analyses tested the association between weekly protein or energy intakes and the result of each category of the Denver Developmental Screening Test II at 18 months' corrected age or weight gain.", "The early aggressive nutrition group had higher rates of normal language development and lower rates of growth failure (<10th percentile) at both 40 weeks' and 18 months' corrected age compared to the conventional nutrition group. After controlling for the confounding variables, higher first week protein and energy intakes each independently contributed to normal language development (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]; 9.4 [1.8-49.6] per 1\u2009g/kg of protein increase and 1.7 [1.1-2.8] per 10\u2009kcal/kg of energy increase). Higher first-week protein intake was associated with a higher weight at 40 weeks' corrected age (r = 0.41, P = 0.005).
answer:
Does early aggressive nutrition enhance language development in very low-birthweight infants?


question:
We hypothesized that erythropoietin (EPO)-immersed gelatin hydrogel microspheres (GHM) injected into ischemic legs might continuously release a small amount of EPO to locally stimulate angiogenesis without unfavorable systemic effects.', 'EPO is a potent angiogenic factor, but its use for relieving ischemic organs is limited because of the untoward systemic erythrogenic effect and its short half-life in plasma.', 'The right femoral arteries of BALB/c mice were ligated. Recombinant human EPO (5,000 IU/kg)-immersed GHM was injected into the right hind limb muscles (n = 12); the control groups included a saline-injected group (n = 12), an EPO-injected group (n = 8), and an empty GHM-injected group (n = 8).', 'Eight weeks later, improvement of blood perfusion to the ischemic limb was significantly augmented in the EPO-GHM group compared with any of the control groups. There was no increase in the hemoglobin level, nor was there any increase in endothelial progenitor cells. However, capillary and arteriolar densities were significantly increased in this group. Although the treatment did not affect the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor or interleukin-1 beta, it up-regulated the EPO receptor and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and activated the downstream signaling of Akt and also endothelial nitric oxide synthase in ischemic limbs, which might have been associated with the evident angiogenic and arteriogenic effects in the present system.
answer:
Does sustained release of erythropoietin using biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres persistently improve lower leg ischemia?


question:
Progenitor cells isolated from cardiac explant-derived cells improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). To fully realize the therapeutic potential of these cells, it is essential to develop a safe and efficient delivery method. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of our newly developed approach to retrograde coronary vein (RCV) infusion of cardiac c-Kit(+) cells in a small-animal model of congestive heart failure (CHF).', 'Sprague-Dawley rats underwent experimental MI. After 21 days, cardiac explant-derived c-Kit(+) cells were delivered to both sham and CHF animals using RCV delivery. Vehicle-treated (serum-free medium) sham and CHF animals were used as controls. Cardiac function and heart tissues were evaluated 21 days post-transplantation.', 'RCV-delivered cells were retained in infarcted hearts for at least 21 days after transplantation. At 21 days post-RCV infusion, the majority of transplanted c-Kit(+)/GFP(+) cells were localized in the left ventricle. Compared with vehicle-treated CHF animals, RCV-treated rats showed a significant improvement in cardiac function. Furthermore, RCV-treated rats exhibited an increase in capillary density, a decrease in total heart collagen, and a reduction in both infarct size and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy when compared with vehicle-treated CHF rats.
answer:

Does retrograde coronary vein infusion of cardiac explant-derived c-Kit+ cells improves function in ischemic heart failure?