Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable disease with a highly variable clinical course. IgV(H) mutational status, chromosomal aberrations, CD38 expression and ZAP-70 expression are prognostic markers in CLL, however, they are not exclusively confined to this disease. We recently identified a novel CLL-specific gene (CLL upregulated gene1, CLLU1) that is exclusively upregulated in CLL cells. Here we describe our evaluation of the prognostic significance of CLLU1 in CLL.', 'A cohort of 59 previously untreated CLL patients was studied. We determined the expression levels of two CLLU1 transcripts, cDNA1 and CDS, by quantitative RT-PCR. The relation between CLLU1 expression and time to therapy, overall survival and presence or absence of ZAP-70, CD38, chromosomal aberrations or IgV(H) mutations in the 59 patients was analyzed.', 'Analyzed as a continuous, quantitative parameter CLLU1 levels significantly predicted time from diagnosis to initiation of therapy (P < or = 0.0003) Analyzed as a categorical parameter, by segregation of the patients into groups with cDNA1 or CDS expression above or below the median, the CLLU1 levels significantly predicted time from diagnosis to initiation of therapy (P = 0.001) and predicted overall survival with borderline significance (P < or = 0.05). Patient stratification according to clinical stage, cytogenetics, IgV(H) mutational status, ZAP-70 and CD38, demonstrated significantly increased CLLU1 expression in all investigated CLL poor risk groups. CLLU1 expression levels contributed additional prognostic information to ZAP-70-positive patients.
Example Output: Do cLLU1 expression levels predict time to initiation of therapy and overall survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia?

Example Input: In patients presenting with a breast lesion, when initial core biopsy histology falls into the category of "uncertain malignant potential" (i.e. a B3 lesion), the next line of investigation has traditionally been a surgical biopsy (SBx). Vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) may be a viable minimally invasive alternative to SBx for B3 lesions. The primary aims of this study were to establish whether VAB reduces the need for surgical biopsy and determine VAB sensitivity for carcinoma following initial B3 histology.', 'B3 lesion data was collected from 2004 to 2013 retrospectively, from a single institution that utilises both VAB and SBx.', 'A total of 413 lesions were categorised B3 on initial biopsy. Mean age was 61 years (range: 24-91 years). Mean follow up was 52 months (range: 19-60 months). 156 patients (38%) underwent VAB. Only 20% of patients underwent VAB in 2004, with an increase to 95% by 2013. VAB histology revealed twelve carcinomas, all of which progressed to surgical excision. In six cases, a SBx was required following VAB in order to provide further diagnostic information. In one case, carcinoma was missed on VAB.
Example Output: Is vacuum-assisted biopsy a viable alternative to surgical biopsy in the investigation of breast lesions of uncertain malignant potential?

Example Input: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with cardiac injury and dysfunction. Whether aneurysm clipping versus coiling has a differential effect on the risk of troponin release and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after SAH is unknown. It is hypothesized that aneurysm treatment does not affect the risk of developing cardiac injury and dysfunction.', 'The study included 172 consecutive SAH patients who underwent clipping (n = 109) or coiling (n = 63) aneurysm therapy. Hemodynamic data were collected, cardiac troponin I was measured, and echocardiography was performed on the 1st, 3rd, and 6th days after enrollment. A cardiac troponin I measurement of more than 1.0 microg/L was considered abnormal. For each echocardiographic examination, a blinded observer measured LV ejection fraction (abnormal if <50%) and quantified LV regional wall motion abnormalities. The incidence of cardiac outcomes in the treatment groups was compared using odds ratios (ORs).', 'The coiled patients were older than the clipped patients (mean age, 59 +/- 13 yr versus 53 +/- 12 yr; t test, P < 0.001) and were more likely to have posterior aneurysms (33% versus 18%; chi(2) test, P = 0.019). There were no significant between-group differences in the risk of cardiac troponin I release (coil 21% versus clip 19%; OR = 0.89, P = 0.789), regional wall motion abnormalities (33% versus 28%; OR = 0.76, P = 0.422), or LV ejection fraction lower than 50% (16% versus 17%; OR = 1.06, P = 0.892). No patient died of cardiac causes (heart failure, myocardial infarction, or arrhythmia).
Example Output:
Is cardiac injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage independent of the type of aneurysm therapy?