In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Ex Input:
after careful and deliberate study of each of the cases and treatises cited by counsel for the respective parties, as supplemented by own independent research, we are constrained to overrule collins and adopt justice (later chief justice) gardner's dissent in that case.

Ex Output:
overruling


Ex Input:
we thus overrule bellard.

Ex Output:
overruling


Ex Input:
see gtech (wherein gtech had an exclusive remedy in the procurement code's bid protest procedure - which was litigated to a final determination and was on appeal to this court - but had no other remedy at law to challenge the department of revenue's refusal to act in accordance with the procurement code's bid protest procedures).

Ex Output:

non-overruling