In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Input: Consider Input: Context: The use of a system for continuous control of endotracheal tube cuff pressure reduced the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in one randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 112 patients but not in another RCT with 142 patients. In several guidelines on the prevention of VAP, the use of a system for continuous or intermittent control of endotracheal cuff pressure is not reviewed. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of VAP in a large sample of patients (n\u2009=\u2009284) treated with either continuous or intermittent control of endotracheal tube cuff pressure.', 'We performed a prospective observational study of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation during more than 48 hours in an intensive care unit (ICU) using either continuous or intermittent endotracheal tube cuff pressure control. Multivariate logistic regression analysis (MLRA) and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were used to predict VAP. The magnitude of the effect was expressed as odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR), respectively, and 95% confidence interval (CI).', 'We found a lower incidence of VAP with the continuous (n\u2009=\u2009150) than with the intermittent (n\u2009=\u2009134) pressure control system (22.0% versus 11.2%; p\u2009=\u20090.02). MLRA showed that the continuous pressure control system (OR\u2009=\u20090.45; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.22-0.89; p\u2009=\u20090.02) and the use of an endotracheal tube incorporating a lumen for subglottic secretion drainage (SSD) (OR\u2009=\u20090.39; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.19-0.84; p\u2009=\u20090.02) were protective factors against VAP. Cox regression analysis showed that the continuous pressure control system (HR\u2009=\u20090.45; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.24-0.84; p\u2009=\u20090.01) and the use of an endotracheal tube incorporating a lumen for SSD (HR\u2009=\u20090.29; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.15-0.56; p\u2009<\u20090.001) were protective factors against VAP. However, the interaction between type of endotracheal cuff pressure control system (continuous or intermittent) and endotracheal tube (with or without SSD) was not statistically significant in MLRA (OR\u2009=\u20090.41; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.07-2.37; p\u2009=\u20090.32) or in Cox analysis (HR\u2009=\u20090.35; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.06-1.84; p\u2009=\u20090.21).\Question: Does continuous endotracheal tube cuff pressure control system protect against ventilator-associated pneumonia?

Output: The use of a continuous endotracheal cuff pressure control system and/or an endotracheal tube with a lumen for SSD could help to prevent VAP in patients requiring more than 48 hours of mechanical ventilation.


Input: Consider Input: Context: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is not routinely recommended for the symptomatic relief and the prevention of gastric cancer in patients with functional dyspepsia. The present study investigated a useful indicator of H. pylori eradication in such patients by determining the optimal cutoff value of a 13C-urea breath test (UBT).', 'One hundred dyspeptic patients participated in the study. Dyspepsia was scored, and a 13C-UBT administered. A level of delta 13C-UBT of>4 per thousand was diagnosed as H. pylori-positive. After the stomach was endoscopically sprayed with phenol red, biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum, body and cardia of the stomach for the assessment of H. pylori density, and activity (neutrophil infiltration) and degree (lymphocyte infiltration) of gastritis.', 'Correlation between delta 13C-UBT and dyspepsia score was not found. Delta 13C-UBT significantly correlated with H. pylori density score in the total stomach (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001), neutrophil (r = 0.34, P = 0.0005) and lymphocyte score (r = 0.69, P < 0.0001). Twenty-six of the 100 subjects had a neutrophil score of >or=4, lymphocyte score of >or=4, and H. pylori score of >or=4. Their 95% confidence interval of mean was 58.2 per thousand, which reflects moderate to marked acute and chronic gastritis, and dense H. pylori colonization.\Question: Is delta ( 13 ) C-urea breath test value a useful indicator for Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with functional dyspepsia?

Output: The 13C-UBT is a reliable semiquantitative test to assess H. pylori density and the activity and degree of gastritis. It is proposed that H. pylori eradication therapy might be beneficial for patients with functional dyspepsia with a delta 13C-UBT of >58.2 per thousand.


Input: Consider Input: Context: Despite recent advances in prostate cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, the overall survival rate still remains low. This study was aimed to assess potential anti-cancer activity of maysin, a major flavonoid of corn silk (CS, Zea mays L.), in androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells (PC-3).', 'Maysin was isolated from CS of Kwangpyeongok, a Korean hybrid corn, via methanol extraction and preparative C18 reverse phase column chromatography. Maysin cytotoxicity was determined by either monitoring cell viability in various cancer cell lines by MTT assay or morphological changes. Apoptotic cell death was assessed by annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), expression levels of Bcl-2 and pro-caspase-3 and by terminal transferase mediated dUTP-fluorescein nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Underlying mechanism in maysin-induced apoptosis of PC-3 cells was explored by evaluating its effects on Akt and ERK pathway.', 'Maysin dose-dependently reduced the PC-3 cell viability, with an 87% reduction at 200 μg/ml. Maysin treatment significantly induced apoptotic cell death, DNA fragmentation, depolarization of MMP, and reduction in Bcl-2 and pro-caspase-3 expression levels. Maysin also significantly attenuated phosphorylation of Akt and ERK. A combined treatment with maysin and other known anti-cancer agents, including 5-FU, etoposide, cisplatin, or camptothecin, synergistically enhanced PC-3 cell death.\Question: Does corn silk maysin induce apoptotic cell death in PC-3 prostate cancer cells via mitochondria-dependent pathway?


Output: These results suggested for the first time that maysin inhibits the PC-3 cancer cell growth via stimulation of mitochondria-dependent apoptotic cell death and may have a strong therapeutic potential for the treatment of either chemo-resistant or androgen-independent human prostate cancer.