Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists inhibit gastric phase-3 motor activity in the dog. This study examined the role of 5-HT3 receptors in the generation of gastric phase 3 of the migrating motor complex in humans.', 'Interdigestive motor activity was recorded manometrically in 16 subjects before and after administration of ondansetron, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Plasma motilin values were also assayed in 7 individuals. The incidence of gastric activity fronts before and after ondansetron was compared with a control group that had not received ondansetron. The ability of erythromycin to induce a gastric activity front in the presence of ondansetron was also evaluated in 7 subjects.', 'The incidence of gastric activity fronts was 69% before ondansetron vs. 19% after ondansetron. In contrast, in the control group there was no significant change in the incidence of gastric activity fronts over time. Activity fronts preceding ondansetron were associated with motilin peaks while activity fronts after ondansetron were not. Despite the previous administration of ondansetron, erythromycin induced gastric activity fronts in 89% of cases.

A: Are 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptors involved in the initiation of gastric phase-3 motor activity in humans?
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Q: Since manganese (Mn) is capable of stimulating the hypothalamic-pituitary unit and advancing female puberty, we assessed the possibility that this element might overcome some of the detrimental effects of prepubertal alcohol (ALC) exposure on the hypothalamic control of pituitary function.', 'Rats received either saline or Mn (10mg/kg) daily by gastric gavage from day 12 to day 31. After weaning, all rats were provided Lab Chow diet ad libitum until day 27 when they began receiving either the Bio Serv control or ALC diet regime. On day 31, the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) was collected to assess luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) protein levels. Release of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), LHRH and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) were also assessed. Other animals were not terminated on day 31, but remained in study to assess timing of puberty.', 'Short-term ALC exposure caused elevated hypothalamic LHRH content, suggesting an inhibition in peptide release, resulting in a decrease in LH. Both actions of ALC were reversed by Mn supplementation. COX2 synthesis, as well as PGE2 and LHRH release were suppressed by ALC exposure, but Mn supplementation caused an increase in COX2 synthesis and subsequent PGE2 and LHRH release in the presence of ALC. Mn supplementation also ameliorated the action of ALC to delay puberty.

A: Does manganese protect against the effects of alcohol on hypothalamic puberty-related hormones?
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Q: Middle third clavicular fracture is effectively treated by conservative means. Previous studies showed that comminution and displacement of clavicular fractures might affect fracture healing. However, the clavicle horizontally aligns in the shoulder girdle and has different biomechanics from vertical weight-bearing bones. Therefore, this study was conducted with the hypothesis that comminution has no effect in worsening fracture healing and union configurations in conservatively treated middle third clavicular fractures.', 'One hundred ninety-eight middle third clavicular fractures treated by conservative means were reviewed and divided into 2 groups. Group 1, simple fractures, included 97 patients. Group 2, comminuted fractures, included 101 patients. Patient demographic data, initial fracture deformities, and union configurations such as angulation, overlying, and displacement were measured. Union rate and union complications such as delayed nonunion were evaluated. Data were analyzed for statistically significant differences (p<0.05).', 'Initial deformities of Group 1 and Group 2 were 11.94°±9.59° and 9.40°±8.57° angulation, 12.24±12.96 and 11.76±10.06 mm of overlying, and 13.31±8.63 and 13.72±7.42 mm of displacement, respectively, and exhibited no significant differences (p>0.05). Union rate and union complications of Group 1 were 74/97 (76.29%) and 23/97 (23.71%), respectively. For Group 2, the rates were 82/101 (81.19%) and 19/101 (18.81%), respectively. Union configuration of Group 1 and Group 2 were 13.76°±10.63° and 12.80°±8.65° angulation, 11.93±10.75 and 11.52±9.38 mm of overlying, and 9.79±8.33 and 10.74±6.68 mm of displacement, respectively, and showed no significant differences between the groups.

A:
Does comminution play no role in worsening fracture healing of conservatively treated middle third clavicular fractures?
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