Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Example Input: Gastric cancer (GC) is widely associated with chronic inflammation. The pro inflammatory microenvironment provides conditions that disrupt stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. The signal transducer and activator of transcrip- tion-3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is involved in inflammation and also contributes to the maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ESCs) pluripotency. Here, we have investi- gated the activation status of STAT3 in GC stem-like cells (GCSLCs).', 'In this experimental research, CSLCs derived from the human GC cell line MKN-45 and patient specimens, through spheroid body formation, character- ized and then assayed for the STAT3 transcription factor expression in mRNA and protein level further to its activation.', 'Spheroid cells showed higher potential for spheroid formation than the pa- rental cells. Furthemore, stemness genes NANOG, c-MYC and SOX-2 were over expressed in spheroids of MKN-45 and in patient samples. In MKN-45 spheroid cells, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers CDH2, SNAIL2, TWIST and VIMENTIN were upregulated (P<0.05), but we observed no change in expression of the E-cadherin epithelial marker. These cells exhibited more resistance to docetaxel (DTX) when compared with parental cells (P<0.05) according to the MTS assay. Al- though immunostaining and Western blotting showed expression of the STAT3 pro- tein in both spheroids and parents, the mRNA level of STAT3 in spheroids was higher than the parents. Nuclear translocation of STAT3 was accompanied by more intensive phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) in spheroid structures relative to the parent cells accord- ing to flow cytometry analysis (P<0.05).
Example Output: 1

Example Input: We tested for the presence of erythropoietin receptor (Epo-R) in human skeletal muscle and alterations in gene expression after prolonged use of an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA).', 'Nine healthy men were treated with ESA for 10 weeks (darbepoietin alfa). Muscle biopsies were collected before and after treatment. Alterations in gene expression were evaluated by gene array. Western blot and PCR analysis were used to test for Epo-R presence in human skeletal muscle.', 'Very low Epo-R mRNA levels were found, but a new and sensitive antibody did not identify Epo-R protein in human skeletal muscle. The between-subject variation in skeletal muscle gene expression was greater than that observed in response to prolonged ESA treatment.
Example Output: 0

Example Input: Currently, no serological prognostic marker exists for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Previous studies have suggested potential for chromogranin A (CgA); however, the prognostic capability of CgA remains controversial. Our purpose was to explore preoperative CgA levels in predicting outcomes in patients with resected pNETs.', 'Patients with preoperative CgA levels who underwent resection of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor between July 2002 and May 2013 were identified from a prospective database. An elevated preoperative CgA was defined as a CgA laboratory value above the normal limit of the assay. All patients had pathologically confirmed primary pancreatic tumors. Outcomes were compared between elevated and normal CgA groups.', 'A total of 38 patients were identified that met inclusion criteria. Of these, 45% were male, and the median age was 57 y (range, 17-81 y). All underwent resection with curative intent. Elevated preoperative CgA was present in 16 patients (42%). There were no differences in node positivity or margin status between the normal CgA and elevated CgA groups on univariate analysis. However, tumor size and grade were significantly different between the two groups. Both disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.006) and overall survival (P = 0.017) were negatively impacted by an elevated preoperative CgA (median follow-up; 40 mo).
Example Output:
0