TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: This thinker posited that authority exists in legal, charismatic, and traditional forms in a work analyzing bureaucracies called Economy and Society. This man theorized that authority stems from custom, charisma, or law in a work that labels the state as the entity with a monopoly on force. Another work by this author of Politics as a Vocation claims that man was trapped in an "iron cage of rationality" and that the Calvinist view of work as a "calling" has led to the rise of the titular economic system. For 10 points, name this German sociologist who wrote "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism".

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: This work premiered as part of a charity concert series and was troubled by last-minute rearrangements and other production difficulties. After various demands from Jonathan Swift, the dean of St. Patricks Cathedral, the work was finally allowed to premiere on April 13, 1741 in Dublin. The work is divided into three parts, all dealing with different aspects of the life of what the composer considered the title entity. Famous arias from the work include I know that my Redeemer liveth, and Every Valley shall be exalted. The finale chorus of the work is borrowed from Revelation, while a good deal of the remaining libretto is taken from the Old Testament. FTP, name this oratorio by George Frederic Handel, most famous for the chorus Hallelujah.

SOLUTION: Fine Arts

PROBLEM: Gyro-resonant wave particle interactions that occur in these regions can accelerate electrons to ultrarelativistic energies and temporary artificial ones composed of electrons produced from the decay of fission fragments were created by the Argus and Starfish Prime nuclear tests. Contained within the Chapman-Ferraro cavity, one of these entities imparts high energy proton and electrons to the South Atlantic Anomaly. They are primarily generated through neutron albedo and are composed of an inner zone containing protons and an outer plasma zone which generates a ring current responsible for magnetic storms. For 10 points, what are these regions of geomagnetically trapped particles first discovered by Geiger counters on Explorer 1 and 3.

SOLUTION:
Science