TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
PROBLEM: We aimed to investigate structural abnormalities in first-episode remitted geriatric depression (RGD) with optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in closely matched patients and healthy control subjects and examine the relationship of performances on neuropsychological tests with regional gray matter volumes.', 'Nineteen subjects with first-episode RGD and 16 well-matched healthy control subjects were recruited for this study, and neuropsychological tests and magnetic resonance imaging were conducted on the subjects. The differences in regional gray matter volume were determined between these two groups by optimized VBM.', 'The volumes of right superior frontal cortex, left postcentral cortex, and right middle temporal gyrus were significantly smaller in patients with RGD relative to healthy control subjects. However, patients with RGD had larger left cingulate gyrus volume compared with healthy control subjects. There was a significant negative correlation between left cingulate gyrus volume and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test delayed recall raw score in patients with RGD.

SOLUTION: 0

PROBLEM: Zuo-Jin-Wan (ZJW), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been identified to be effective against drug resistance in cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ZJW on acquired oxaliplatin-resistant and the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway in vitro.', 'We tested the dose-response relationship of ZJW on reversing drug-resistance by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis in vitro. The protein expression of P-gp, MRP-2, LRP, and ABCB1 mRNA expression level were evaluated by Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR. The activities of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway were also examined with or without ZJW, including Akt, IκB, p65 and their phosphorylation expression.', 'We found that ZJW significantly enhanced the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs and increased oxaliplatin (L-OHP)-induced cell apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, both ZJW and a PI3K specific inhibitor (LY294002) suppressed phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and NF-κB, which is necessary in the activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. The effect of ZJW in reversing drug-resistance and suppressing phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and NF-κB were weakened after treatment with a PI3K/Akt activator in HCT116/L-OHP cells.

SOLUTION: 0

PROBLEM: An intense systemic inflammatory response is observed following reperfusion after cardiac arrest. Heparin-binding protein (HBP) is a granule protein released by neutrophils that intervenes in endothelial permeability regulation. In the present study, we investigated plasma levels of HBP in a large population of patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We hypothesized that high circulating levels of HBP are associated with severity of post-cardiac arrest syndrome and poor outcome.', 'Plasma was obtained from 278 patients enrolled in a prospective multicenter observational study in 21 intensive care units (ICU) in Finland. HBP was assayed at ICU admission and 48\xa0h later. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was defined as the 24\xa0h Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score\u2009≥\u200912. ICU death and 12-month Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) were evaluated. Multiple linear and logistic regression tests and receiver operating characteristic curves with area under the curve (AUC) were performed.', 'Eighty-two percent of patients (229 of 278) survived to ICU discharge and 48\xa0% (133 of 276) to 1\xa0year with a favorable neurological outcome (CPC 1 or 2). At ICU admission, median plasma levels of HBP were markedly elevated, 15.4 [9.6-31.3] ng/mL, and persisted high 48\xa0h later, 14.8 [9.8-31.1] ng/mL. Admission levels of HBP were higher in patients who had higher 24\xa0h SOFA and cardiovascular SOFA score (p\u2009<\u20090.0001) and in those who developed MODS compared to those who did not (29.3 [13.7-60.1] ng/mL vs. 13.6 [9.1-26.2] ng/mL, p\u2009<\u20090.0001; AUC\u2009=\u20090.70\u2009±\u20090.04, p\u2009=\u20090.0001). Admission levels of HBP were also higher in patients who died in ICU (31.0 [17.7-78.2] ng/mL) compared to those who survived (13.5 [9.1-25.5] ng/mL, p\u2009<\u20090.0001) and in those with an unfavorable 12-month neurological outcome compared to those with a favorable one (18.9 [11.3-44.3] ng/mL vs. 12.8 [8.6-30.4] ng/mL, p\u2009<\u20090.0001). Admission levels of HBP predicted early ICU death with an AUC of 0.74\u2009±\u20090.04 (p\u2009<\u20090.0001) and were independently associated with ICU death (OR [95 %CI] 1.607 [1.076-2.399], p\u2009=\u20090.020), but not with unfavorable 12-month neurological outcome (OR [95 %CI] 1.154 [0.834-1.596], p\u2009=\u20090.387).

SOLUTION:
0