In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[Q]: Context: Coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is present in one-third of all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in the United States and is associated with rapid progression of liver fibrosis and poor response to pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin. In this study we examined gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from different groups of individuals who are monoinfected or coinfected with HIV and HCV. Data showed that HIV and HCV viremia up-regulate genes associated with immune activation and immunoregulatory pathways. HCV viremia is also associated with abnormalities in all peripheral immune cells, suggesting a global effect of HCV on the immune system. Interferon-alpha-induced genes were expressed at a higher level in PBMCs from HIV-infected individuals. HCV and HIV infections leave distinct profiles or gene expression of immune activation in PBMCs. HIV viremia induces an immune activated state; by comparison, HCV infection induces immunoregulatory and proinflammatory pathways that may contribute to progression of liver fibrosis.\Question: Do human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C infections induce distinct immunologic imprints in peripheral mononuclear cells?
[A]: An aberrant type-I IFN response seen exclusively in HIV-infected individuals could be responsible for the poor therapeutic response experienced by HIV/HCV coinfected individuals receiving interferon-alpha-based current standard of care.


[Q]: Context: To investigate the role of the anti-cellular immune response in the protection of rhesus macaques against infection with the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac. To determine the biological differences between SIV challenge stocks grown either on human T-cell lines or on monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MPBMC).', 'A protective SIVmac split vaccine was administered to rhesus macaques and their anti-, B- and T-cell response monitored. Vaccinees and controls were challenged with SIVmac grown either on human or on monkey cells. The in vivo replication rate of, and the immune response to, the two viruses was compared.', 'Five rhesus macaques were immunized with a total of 2 mg each of purified SIVmac251/32H grown on the human C8166 T-cell line. The antibody and proliferative T-cell responses were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and T-cell proliferation assay, respectively. Four protected animals and four controls were reboosted and challenged with MPBMC-grown SIVmac251 (SIVmac251/MPBMC). Cell-free virus load was determined by titration of plasma for SIV infectivity on C8166 cells and antigen with a core antigen capture assay.', 'Protection from virus challenge with C8166-grown SIVmac251/32H or SIVmac251/MPBMC did not correlate with anti-cellular antibodies or proliferative T-cell reactivities. Control animals infected with SIVmac251/MPBMC showed high persistent antigenaemia and high plasma virus titres. Both were absent in controls infected with complement C8166-grown SIVmac251/32H. Whereas the latter always seroconverted against the full panel of viral polypeptides, SIVmac251/MPBMC-infected animals showed a drastically decreased antibody response.\Question: Does protection of monkeys by a split vaccine against SIVmac depend upon biological properties of the challenge virus?
[A]: Neither the antibody nor the proliferative T-cell response to SIVmac correlates with protection from virus challenge. In contrast to SIVmac251/32H grown on C8166 cells, the MPBMC-grown challenge virus SIVmac251 appears to belong to the 'rapid-high' phenotype, possibly explaining the lack of protection against this SIV.


[Q]: Context: To evaluate the relationship between cerebral oxygen saturation and neuropsychological dysfunction after cardiac surgery.', 'Prospective and observational study.', 'Operating room and cardiac floor of a university hospital.', 'One hundred one patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass', 'Bilateral noninvasive cerebral oxygen saturations were monitored over the forehead. The anesthetic and surgical techniques were performed as usual, and no interventions were attempted based on the monitor. Neuropsychological outcome was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the antisaccadic eye movement test (ASEM).', 'Preoperative baseline values of cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) were 58.6% +/- 10.2%. Patients with the nadir rSO(2) <35% had significantly higher incidences of postoperative ASEM and MMSE impairments than those with rSO(2) always above 35% (44% and 33% v 12% and 9%, respectively). Patients with areas of rSO(2) <40% for more than 10 minutes . % presented with a significantly higher incidence of postoperative ASEM and MMSE impairments than those with areas of rSO(2) <40% for less than 10 minutes . % (42% and 32% v 13% and 10%, respectively). Patients with postoperative ASEM or MMSE impairment had significantly lower nadir rSO(2) and significantly larger areas of rSO(2) <40%, <45%, and <50% than those with normal postoperative neuropsychological outcome. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that areas of rSO(2) <40% were the only predictor for both postoperative ASEM and MMSE impairments.\Question: Is cerebral oxygen desaturation associated with early postoperative neuropsychological dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery?
[A]:
Intraoperative cerebral oxygen desaturation is associated with early postoperative neuropsychological dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. However, it remains to be determined whether interventions to maintain adequate cerebral oxygenation may improve neuropsychological outcome.