In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Ex Input:
Context: Platelets are a natural source of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, that regulate angiogenesis and inflammation. It has been suggested that differential release of pro- and anti-angiogenic growth factors from platelet α-granules by protease-activated receptors (PAR) 1 and 4 may be important for the regulation of angiogenesis. We aimed to compare the releasates of unstimulated platelets with PAR-1- and PAR-4-stimulated platelets.', "The release of β-thromboglobulin, platelet factor (PF)-4, thrombospondin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A/B, regulated and normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5), endostatin, CXCL12, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics identified 93 proteins from platelets stimulated with PAR-1 and PAR-4. A strong correlation between the factors released after either stimulus was observed (Spearman's r 0.94, P < 0.001). Analysis with ELISA showed that stimulation with PAR-1 or PAR-4 lead to non-differential release of β-thromboglobulin, PF-4, thrombospondin, PDGF-A/B, RANTES/CCL5, endostatin, CXCL12, and VEGF. Release of thrombospondin was slightly lower after PAR-1 stimulation (7.2 μg/mL), compared with PAR-4 induced release (9.8 μg/mL; P < 0.05).\Question: Does quantitative proteomics analysis reveal similar release profiles following specific PAR-1 or PAR-4 stimulation of platelets?

Ex Output:
Both ELISA on established α-granule proteins and MS-based quantitative proteomics showed that the most abundant α-granule proteins are released in similar quantities from platelets after stimulation with either PAR-1 or PAR-4. Our findings provide evidence against the hypothesis that PAR-1 and PAR-4 stimulation of platelets trigger differential release of alpha-granule, but further studies are needed to draw conclusions for physiological conditions.


Ex Input:
Context: Evidence of attack-related cognitive dysfunction in migraine is growing. Controversy exists on whether cognitive dysfunction, mainly executive, may persist between attacks. Measuring the impact of cognitive function is gaining importance in clinical and research settings in migraine.', 'To compare the performance of interictal migraine patients to controls in an assembled neuropsychological battery focused on executive functions and to study the practice effect of its repeated applications.', 'Assembly of the battery that was then applied twice within 6\xa0weeks to interictal migraineurs and matched healthy controls.', 'Migraine patients (n\xa0=\xa024) and controls (n\xa0=\xa024) had similar performance in both applications of the battery. There was a slight practice effect between the first and second evaluation, significant in Stroop Interference test (P\xa0=\xa00.002, multiplicity corrected); a meaningful score change was determined for each raw test scores.\Question: Is sequential brief neuropsychological evaluation of migraineurs identical to controls?

Ex Output:
Interictal migraineurs and controls performance is identical in a brief cognitive battery focused on executive functions. Repeated applications produced a practice effect that was quantified.


Ex Input:
Context: The cause of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) flares is multifactorial and not well understood. No reports of fractures influencing disease activity in patients with RA have been published. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fractures influence disease activity in patients with RA.', 'Hospital records of 470 patients with RA between 2011 and 2014 were analyzed. We first examined the incidence of flare using multiple regression analysis. Secondly, we examined the incidence of flare using DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP, and drug changes before bone fracture until bone union in the fracture cases.', 'Multiple linear regression analysis showed that female sex (p\u2009<\u20090.001), bottom DAS28-ESR (p\u2009<\u20090.001), and fracture (p\u2009=\u20090.041) were independent factor for DAS28-ESR at the last observation period, and sex (p\u2009=\u20090.040), bottom DAS28-CRP (p\u2009<\u20090.001), and fracture (p\u2009=\u20090.019) were independent factor for DAS28-CRP at the last observation period. The average DAS28-ESR value was significantly increased from 3.19 (prefracture) to 3.58 (bone union). The average DAS28-CRP value was also significantly increased from 2.45 (prefracture) to 2.79 (bone union).\Question: Do fractures lead to worsening of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis?

Ex Output:

We have demonstrated that fractures influence disease activity in patients with RA. Larger numbers of fracture cases are required to confirm the present observations; however, the prevention of fracture is clearly required in patients with RA.