Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) degrades the essential amino acid tryptophan and has been shown to minimize rejection in animal models of renal transplantation. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is unavoidable in renal transplantation and correlates with shorter graft survival times. Despite its favorable effects on rejection, there is evidence that IDO may facilitate renal IRI. Differentiating the negative impact of IDO on IRI from its pro-tolerant effects in allograft rejection is of clinical relevance. In these studies we hypothesized that constitutive IDO activity may influence renal genes associated with recovery from IRI, and that IDO inhibition may unmask these effects.', 'We examined the renal transcriptome in a rat model of IRI with and without IDO inhibition with 1-methyl-d-tryptophan (1-MT), and assessed for alterations in the gene expression signature.', 'These studies demonstrated that during recovery from renal IRI, pre-treatment with 1-MT alleviated alterations in 105 coding sequences associated with IRI, and in turn triggered new changes in 66 non-coding transcripts, the majority of which were represented by small nucleolar RNA.

Ex Output:
Does indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibition alter the non-coding RNA transcriptome following renal ischemia-reperfusion injury?


Ex Input:
Bone and antler collagen δ(13) C and δ(15) N values are often assumed to be equivalent when measured in palaeodietary, palaeoclimate and palaeocological studies. Although compositionally similar, bone grows slowly and is remodelled whereas antler growth is rapid and remodelling does not occur. These different patterns of growth could result in isotopic difference within antler and between the two tissue types. Here we test whether red deer (Cervus elaphus) bone and antler δ(13) C and δ(15) N values are equivalent, and whether intra-antler isotopic values are uniform.', 'Bone and antler were isotopically analysed from six stags that lived in a temperate maritime climate on the Isle of Rum, Scotland. Multiple antlers from different years were sampled per individual, together with a single bone sample per individual. Up to 12 samples were taken along the length of each antler (total of 25 antlers, 259 samples) so that a chronological record of the isotopic composition during antler growth could be obtained. Collagen was extracted and its δ(13) C and δ(15) N values were measured by continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry.', 'Intra-antler collagen isotope signatures vary, and show that not all antlers from an individual or a growth year are equivalent in carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios. δ(15) N values typically increase with distance along antler length, but no overall trend is observed in δ(13) C values. An isotopic offset is visible between bone and antler, with bone δ(13) C and δ(15) N values being higher in most cases.

Ex Output:
Are red deer bone and antler collagen isotopically equivalent in carbon and nitrogen?


Ex Input:
Transcription factor HaDREB2 was identified in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as a drought-responsive element-binding factor 2 (DREB2) with unique properties. HaDREB2 and the sunflower Heat Shock Factor A9 (HaHSFA9) co-activated the Hahsp17.6G1 promoter in sunflower embryos. Both factors could be involved in transcriptional co-activation of additional small heat stress protein (sHSP) promoters, and thus contribute to the HaHSFA9-mediated enhancement of longevity and basal thermotolerance of seeds.', 'We found that overexpression of HaDREB2 in seeds did not enhance longevity. This was deduced from assays of basal thermotolerance and controlled seed-deterioration, which were performed with transgenic tobacco. Furthermore, the constitutive overexpression of HaDREB2 did not increase thermotolerance in seedlings or result in the accumulation of HSPs at normal growth temperatures. In contrast, when HaDREB2 and HaHSFA9 were conjointly overexpressed in seeds, we observed positive effects on seed longevity, beyond those observed with overexpression of HaHSFA9 alone. Such additional effects are accompanied by a subtle enhancement of the accumulation of subsets of sHSPs belonging to the CI and CII cytosolic classes.

Ex Output:

Does the HaDREB2 transcription factor enhance basal thermotolerance and longevity of seeds through functional interaction with HaHSFA9?