In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

[EX Q]: intermediate Court of Appeals opinions. Over 30 years ago, in Crouch v. Crouch, 53 Tenn.App. 594, 385 S.W.2d 288 (1964), our intermediate Court of Appeals considered the question and determined that such provisions promote divorce and are violative of public policy. The Court of Appeals predicted that such provisions “could induce a mercenary husband to inflict on his wife any wrong he might desire with the knowledge his pecuniary liability would be limited.” Id. 385 S.W.2d at 293. See also Duncan v. Duncan, 652 S.W.2d 913 (Tenn.App.1983) (“We are of the opinion ... that a provision in an antenuptial agreement which purports to limit a spouse’s liability for alimony is conducive to divorce and therefore, void.”). But see Gross v. Gross, No. 0257, 1989 WL 51535 (Tenn.App. May 17, 1989) (<HOLDING>). At the time of its adoption in Crouch, the 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that such provisions are valid (B) holding such a provision waiving alimony valid (C) holding that provision in 1983 constitution waiving sovereign immunity to the extent of insurance applies to municipalities (D) holding that because miranda warnings make defendant aware of right to counsel and of consequences of waiving sixth amendment rights defendants waiver of right to counsel after receiving such warnings is valid (E) holding invalid a premarital agreement waiving temporary alimony if marriage did not last seven years
[EX A]: holding that such provisions are valid

[EX Q]: of finality which is essential to the operation of our criminal justice system.” Sawyer v. Smith, 497 U.S. 227, 242, 110 S.Ct. 2822, 111 L.Ed.2d 193 (1990). Petitioner claims that Apprendi falls within the narrow scope of the second category of exceptions and is therefore applicable to his case retroactively. The Second Circuit has not yet addressed the question of whether Apprendi should be considered a “watershed rule,” falling within the Teague exceptions. However, every Circuit Court which has considered this question has held that Apprendi should not be applied retroactively on collateral review. United States v. Sanders, 247 F.3d 139, 146 (4th Cir.2001); Jones v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1227, 1236 (9th Cir.2001); see, e.g., Abdullah v. United States, 240 F.3d 683, 687 (8th Cir.2001)(<HOLDING>); Browning v. United States, 241 F.3d 1262, 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that petitioner was barred from bringing apprendi claim on second or successive motion to vacate because supreme court had not made apprendi retroactive to cases on collateral review (B) holding apprendi is not retroactive (C) holding that apprendi does not apply on collateral review (D) holding that until the supreme court rules otherwise apprendi is not a new rule of constitutional law made retroactive to cases on collateral review  that was previously unavailable (E) holding that the apprendi decision is not applicable on collateral review
[EX A]: holding apprendi is not retroactive

[EX Q]: defenses to the existence or amount of its withdrawal liability, even a defense based solely on statutory interpretation.”); Robbins v. Chipman Trucking Inc., 1987 WL 13571, 1987 U.S.Dist. LEXIS 6208 (N.D.Ill.1987) (failure to initiate arbitration within statutory time periods results in waiver of right to have an arbitrator decide the question of waiver; also stating that under the previous opinion, “[o]nce the federal court finds that the employer has waived his right to contest the withdrawal amount in arbitration, the employer loses. We believe this was the intention of the MPPAA framers. To give the employer one chance to contest withdrawal liability and to give that chance in the arbitral setting.”); Bowers v. Compania Peruana De Vapores, S.A., 689 F.Supp. 215, 219 (S.D.N.Y.1988) (<HOLDING>); In re Metro Transp. Co., 82 B.R. 351 (Bkrtcy 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that the governments failure to argue harmless error results in a waiver of the argument (B) recognizing rule that failure to initiate arbitration within statutory time limits constitutes a waiver of the opportunity to do so however in that case the alleged employers filing of declaratory action tolled the statutory time frames (C) holding failure to object in timely fashion at trial results in waiver of issue for appeal (D) holding that failure to develop a legal argument supporting a claim results in waiver of the claim (E) recognizing in dicta that failure to initiate arbitration results in waiver of defenses citing clinton engines
[EX A]:
holding that the governments failure to argue harmless error results in a waiver of the argument