Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: Scutellaria barbata D.Don has been applied to treat cancers, inflammation and urinary disease. However, its antitumor mechanism still remains unclear.', 'With methylene chloride fraction of Herba Scutellariae barbatae (MCSB), apoptosis-related experiments were carried out on human U937 leukemia cells by (a) 2,3-bis[2-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl]2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay for cytotoxicity; (b) terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for morphological changes; (c) cell cycle analysis; (d) Western blot analysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3 and Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c expressions for apoptosis signaling pathway.', 'MCSB inhibited the proliferation of human U937 leukemia cells in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = approximately 10 microg/ml). MCSB dose-dependently increased the sub-G1 DNA contents by cell cycle analysis. DNA fragments indicating induction of apoptosis were observed in MCSB-treated U937 cells by TUNEL assay. Caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated while caspase-8 was intact by MCSB. Similarly, MCSB effectively cleaved PARP, increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and released the cytochrome c from mitochondria during apoptosis in U937 cells.
Answer: Our results suggest that MCSB can induce apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway.

Answer: Does methylene chloride fraction of Scutellaria barbata induce apoptosis in human U937 leukemia cells via the mitochondrial signaling pathway?


Question: Context: The role of Helicobacter pylori in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is controversial.', 'To compare the severity of GERD in infected vs. non-infected patients, as part of an ongoing randomized controlled trial that examines the impact of H. pylori eradication on GERD-related outcomes.', 'Consecutive GERD patients underwent urea breath testing and completed validated GERD symptom severity, and quality of life questionnaires as well as, 24-h pH-metry. These parameters, as well as demographics and endoscopic findings were assessed in double-blinded fashion and compared between H. pylori-infected and non-infected subjects.', "Helicobacter pylori-infected GERD patients (n=50) were significantly older and less educated than non-infected patients (n=51). They also used proton pump inhibitors less often but had no difference in symptoms (as measured with both the Spechler's Activity Index and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale), quality of life, endoscopic findings or 24-h pH-metry findings.
Answer: This prospective, double-blind study demonstrates, using excellent GERD quantifying measures including validated symptom severity scores, endoscopy, and 24-h pH-metry, that there exist no clinically significant differences in clinical or laboratory-related GERD manifestations between H. pylori-infected and non-infected GERD patients.

Answer: Is there no difference in the disease severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease between patients infected and not infected with Helicobacter pylori?


Question: Context: Limited studies have examined ethnic variation in breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices in developing countries. This study investigated ethnic variation in feeding practices in mothers with children 0-23 months old in Vietnam.', 'We used data on 1875 women who came from the ethnic majority, Kinh (n\u2009=\u2009989, randomly sampled from 9875 surveyed Kinh mothers, 10\xa0% from each province) and three ethnic minorities: E De-Mnong (n\u2009=\u2009309), Thai-Muong (n\u2009=\u2009229) and Tay-Nung (n\u2009=\u2009348). Ethnic minorities were compared with the Kinh group using logistic regression model.', 'Prevalence of breastfeeding initiation within an hour of birth was 69\xa0% in Thai-Muong, but ~50\xa0% in other ethnicities. In logistic regression, the prevalence of breastfeeding within one hour was lower in Tay-Nung (OR: 0.54; 95\xa0% CI: 0.38, 0.77) than the majority Kinh. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding under 6\xa0months was 18, 10, 17, and 33\xa0% in Kinh, Thai-Muong, Tay-Nung, and E De-Mnong, respectively; compared to the majority Kinh, the prevalence was lower in Thai-Muong (OR: 0.42; 95\xa0% CI: 0.25, 0.71) and higher in E De-Mnong (OR: 1.99; 95\xa0% CI: 1.04, 3.82). Overall prevalence of bottle feeding in Thai-Muong and E De-Mnong (~20\xa0%) was lower than in Kinh (~33\xa0%): Thai-Muong (OR: 0.50; 95\xa0% CI: 0.37, 0.68) and E De-Mnong (OR: 0.69; 95\xa0% CI: 0.50, 0.95). Compared with Kinh (75\xa0%), fewer ethnic minority children received minimum acceptable diets (33\xa0% in Thai-Muong, 46\xa0% in E De-Mnong, and 52\xa0% in Tay-Nung; P\u2009<\u20090.05). Prevalence of minimum acceptable diet (met both dietary frequency and diversity) was lower in Thai-Muong (OR: 0.23; 95\xa0% CI: 0.11, 0.46), Tay-Nung (OR: 0.52; 95\xa0% CI: 0.39, 0.69), and E De-Mnong (OR: 0.55; 95\xa0% CI: 0.33, 0.89) than the majority Kinh.
Answer: Breastfeeding practices were suboptimal and differed by ethnicity, which suggests need for tailored interventions at multiple levels to address ethnic-specific challenges and norms. Complementary feeding practices were less optimal among ethnic minorities compared to Kinh, which suggests need for broad intervention including improved food availability, accessibility, and security.

Answer:
Do infant and young child feeding practices differ by ethnicity of Vietnamese mothers?