Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: Although the majority of evidence does not support association between Helicobacter pylori infection and ischaemic heart disease, the nature of this relationship may differ when virulence of the infecting strains are examined.', 'The prevalence of IgG antibody evidence of infection with CagA positive stains of H. pylori was investigated in stored plasma samples from 259 cases of myocardial infarction (aged 25-70 years, 74 males) and 259 population based controls from the same area in Northern Ireland. Two-hundred and seventy (52.1%) subjects were seropositive for anti-CagA IgG. CagA seropositivity was more common in cases than in controls: 56.4 vs 47.9%, odds ratio for seropositivity in cases (95% CI) 1.41 (1.00, 1.99). Substantial attenuation of this relationship occurred on adjustment for age, sex, number of siblings, smoking and measures of socio-economic status: odds ratio (95% CI) 1.16 (0.79, 1.70). A similar pattern was seen for seropositivity for all H. pylori strains.

A: 0
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Q: In RA, conflicting results have been described on the association between genotypes of the complement factor mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and disease susceptibility and severity. This might be due to underpowerment of previous research work and the fact that no confirmation cohorts were used. Therefore a different approach is warranted.', 'MBL2 gene polymorphisms were determined in two RA cohorts (378 and 261 cases) and 648 controls. Considering MBL polymorphisms, cases and controls were categorized in groups of high, intermediate and low MBL production. The total sample size allows detection of a potential association between RA susceptibility and MBL groups with an odds ratio of 1.37 (alpha < 0.05; 1-beta > 0.8). Disease severity as defined by the need for anti-TNF therapy was also analysed for possible associations with MBL groups.', 'There was no difference in the frequencies between MBL genotypes of RA cases and controls that are associated with high (cases 54.4%, controls 57.0%), intermediate (cases 28.9%, controls 27.5%) or low (cases 16.7%, controls 15.5%) MBL production. Furthermore, there was no association between MBL groups and disease severity.

A: 1
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Q: The LAP Mentor is a procedural simulator that provides a stepwise training for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study addresses its "construct" validity that is present when a simulator is able to discriminate between persons with known differences in performance level on the laparoscopic cholecystectomy in real life.', 'Three groups with different skill levels performed 2 trials of 4 distinct parts of the cholecystectomy procedure (cholecystectomy exercises) and 1 full procedure on the LAP Mentor. Assessment parameters concerning the quantity and the quality of performance were compared between groups using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.', 'The entire research was performed in the Center for Surgical Technologies, Leuven, Belgium.', 'For study purposes, 5 expert abdominal laparoscopists (>100 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed), 11 surgical residents (10-30 cholecystectomies performed), and 10 novices (minimal laparoscopic experience) were recruited.', 'With regard to the quantity of performance (time needed and number of movements), the experts showed significantly better results compared with the novices in the cholecystectomy exercises. Only in the full procedure, the results of all the parameters (except speed) were significantly different between the 3 groups, with the best results observed for the experts and worst for the novices. With respect to quality of performance, only the parameter "accuracy rate of dissection" in exercise 3 showed significantly better performance by the experts.

A:
1
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