In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[Q]: Context: With male gender as a strong predictor of cardiovascular instability, we hypothesized that gender-specific differences in circulating carbon monoxide levels contributed to dysregulated microvascular function in preterm male infants.', 'Infants born at 24 to 34 weeks of gestation (N = 84) were studied in a regional tertiary neonatal unit. Carboxyhemoglobin levels were measured through spectrophotometry in umbilical arterial blood and at 24, 72, and 120 hours after birth. Microvascular blood flow was determined through laser Doppler flowmetry.', 'Carboxyhemoglobin levels demonstrated a strong inverse relationship with gestational age (r = -0.636; P < .001) and were higher in boys (P = .032). Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed a significant decrease in arterial carboxyhemoglobin levels over time (P < .001), with significant between-subjects effects for gestational age (P = .011) and gender (P = .025). Positive correlations with microvascular blood flow at 24 hours of age (r = 0.495; P < .001) and 120 hours of age (r = 0.548; P < .001) were observed. With controlling for gestational age, carboxyhemoglobin levels at 72 hours were greater for infants who died in the first week of life (P = .035).\Question: Is carbon monoxide a significant mediator of cardiovascular status following preterm birth?
[A]: The gestational age- and gender-specific differences in carboxyhemoglobin levels and the relationship with dysregulated microvascular blood flow, a state related to greater illness severity and hypotension, are novel findings not confined solely to sick preterm infants. Both inducible heme oxygenase-dependent and non-heme oxygenase-dependent pathways may initially play a central role in carbon monoxide production, inducing pathophysiologic processes in a gender-specific manner.


[Q]: Context: Hepatic osteodystrophy has been reported in patients with various chronic liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis. However, it has not been well investigated in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity and bone mineral density (BMD) in a population representative of normal Koreans.', 'Subjects with both HBsAg and BMD levels examined during the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were included. HBsAg-seropositive (+) subjects were compared with those who were HBsAg-seronegative (-). BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and femur by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable logistic regression was performed for BMD .', 'In total, 11,306 participants were included in this study, among which 423 (3.7\xa0%) were HBsAg(+): 153 premenopausal female (3.4\xa0%), 83 postmenopausal female (3.5\xa0%), and 187 male (4.2\xa0%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index showed that HBsAg(+) male had significantly lower BMD of the femoral neck than HBsAg(-) male (0.810\xa0±\xa00.009 vs. 0.827\xa0±\xa00.002\xa0g/cm(2), p\xa0=\xa00.035). Further adjustment for waist circumference, smoking, drinking, exercise, income, occupation, and vitamin D levels showed that HBsAg(+) male had significantly lower BMD of the femur neck (0.810\xa0±\xa00.010 vs. 0.831\xa0±\xa00.002\xa0g/cm(2), p\xa0=\xa00.032) and lumbar spine (0.953\xa0±\xa00.011 vs. 0.974\xa0±\xa00.003\xa0g/cm(2), p\xa0=\xa00.049) than HBsAg(-) male.\Question: Are males seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen at risk of lower bone mineral density : the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys?
[A]: HBsAg seropositivity was significantly associated with lower BMD in male. Future long-term prospective studies investigating bone turnover markers and hormones are needed to better understand the pathophysiology and clinical significance of chronic hepatitis B virus-related hepatic osteodystrophy.


[Q]: Context: To observe the influence of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) on angiogenesis in prostate carcinoma in vivo and to investigate its molecular mechanism.', 'LNCaP/HIF-1alpha and LNCaP cells were cultured, the level of PSA in the supernatant of the culture medium detected by ELISA assay before and after the transfection, and the cellular cycle measured by flow cytometry. Nude mouse models of subcutaneous tumor were established with LNCaP/HIF-1alpha and LNCaP cells, the tumor growth observed, and tumor specimens collected for immunohistochemical staining.', 'Compared with the LNCaP cells, LNCaP/HIF-1alpha cells showed an obviously decreased PSA level (t = 8.243, P < 0.05) and enhanced proliferous activity. The tumorigenesis rate increased and the tumorigenesis time advanced in the LNCaP/HIF-1alpha group of the nude mice. Immunohistochemistry displayed higher expressions of VEGF, iNOS and Ang-2 in the LNCaP/HIF-1alpha than in the LNCaP group.\Question: Does [ Over-expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha increase angiogenesis of LNCaP cells in vivo ]?
[A]:
The over-expression of HIF-1alpha can up-regulate VEGF and iNOS involved in angiogenesis in vivo and contribute to the invasive potency of LNCaP cells. HIF-1alpha may have no influence on Ang-2 either in vitro or in vivo, while the expression of Ang-2 is regulated by other factors in vivo.