In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Ex Input:
We have previously reported that the apathogenic Tula hantavirus induces apoptosis in Vero E6 epithelial cells. To assess the molecular mechanisms behind the induced apoptosis we studied the effects of hantavirus infection on cellular signaling pathways which promote cell survival. We previously also observed that the Tula virus-induced cell death process is augmented by external TNF-α. Since TNF-α is involved in the pathogenesis of hantavirus-caused hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) we investigated its effects on HFRS-causing hantavirus-infected cells. We studied both apathogenic (Tula and Topografov) and pathogenic (Puumala and Seoul) hantaviruses for their ability to regulate cellular signaling pathways and observed a direct virusmediated down-regulation of external signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) survival pathway activity, which was dramatically enhanced by TNF-α. The fold of ERK1/2 inhibition correlated with viral replication efficiencies, which varied drastically between the hantaviruses studied. We demonstrate that in the presence of a cytokine TNF-α, which is increased in HFRS patients, hantaviruses are capable of inactivating proteins that promote cell survival (ERK1/ 2). These results imply that hantavirus-infected epithelial cell barrier functions might be compromised in diseased individuals and could at least partially explain the mechanisms of renal dysfunction and the resulting proteinuria seen in HFRS patients.

Ex Output:
Virology Journal Hantaviruses and TNF-alpha act synergistically to induce ERK1/2 inactivation in Vero E6 cells


Ex Input:
In this paper, we analyze a delayed SEIR epidemic model in which the latent and infected states are infective. The model has a globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium whenever a certain epidemiological threshold, known as the basic reproduction number R 0 , is less than or equal to unity. We investigate the effect of the time delay on the stability of endemic equilibrium when R 0 > 1. We give criteria that ensure that endemic equilibrium is asymptotically stable for all time delays and a Hopf bifurcation occurs as time delay exceeds the critical value. We give formulae for the direction of Hopf bifurcations and the stability of bifurcated periodic solutions by applying the normal form theory and the center manifold reduction for functional differential equations. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the analytical results.

Ex Output:
Hopf bifurcation analysis of a delayed SEIR epidemic model with infectious force in latent and infected period


Ex Input:
The objectives of this study were to compare the health care delivery systems of Korea and Thailand and the health status of the people of the 2 countries. To analyze the health care delivery system government organization of health care, health care personnel, and health insurance programs were examined. The population distribution, life expectancy, maternal and infant death rates, cause of specific death rates, and health behaviors were examined to determine the health status of the 2 populations. From this comparison of the health care system and health status of the 2 countries, recommendations are made concerning government policy and activation of health care professionals and health workers to address the problems that were identified in the study. (Lee C et al. Nurs Outlook 2003;51:115-9.) Duck-Hee Kang is an Associate Professor at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Nursing, Birmingham, Alabama. Prapim Buddhirakkul is a Doctoral Student and Faculty of Nursing,

Ex Output:

Former Health Promotion Technical Officer at the Family Health Division, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health in Thailand