In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Lawrence Kohlberg championed the "descriptive" variety of this study by examining the stages of child development. Simone de Beauvoir argued for "an original solution" in a book titled this of Ambiguity. Peter Singer wrote about the "Practical" form of it, and Aristotle claimed the ultimate goal in life is to achieve (*) happiness in a work titled after this concept. Another important book for this discipline contained sections titled "Of God" and "Of Human Bondage", and was "demonstrated in geometrical order." For ten points, identify this branch of philosophy, a tract in which was written for Nicomachus and which titles a work by Spinoza.
Social Science

The oxidation of one of these compounds with a Jones reagent yields carboxylic acid, and they are the product of the reaction of a ketone with a Grignard reagent. Esters are formed via a reaction of carboxylic acid and this compound in a process named for Fischer. Consisting of a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom, they are given the formula R-OH. For 10 points, name this class of compounds exemplified by methanol and ethanol, the latter of which is found in hand sanitizer and beer.
Science

[AR] Deng Wenyi's biography of this man suggests that he was responsible for assassinating the leader of the Restoration Society, Tao Chengzhang, inside Guangci Hospital on the orders of Chen Qimei. He returned to China after hearing of the Wuchang Uprising after his time at Zhenwu Military Academy in Japan. After the death of the leader of the organization, this man is most associated with, he engaged in a noted polemic with his eventually ostracized rival Wang Jingwei, who established Japanese collaborationist government at Nanjing. He met with Churchill and Roosevelt in 1943, and helped to draft the Cairo Declaration. Earlier, after encircling the Communists at Jiangxi he allowed Mao Zedong to escape via the Long March to Shaanxi. Eventually forced to escape to Taiwan in 1949 by the Communists, for 10 points, name this General of the Republic of China who took over control of the Kuomintang after the death of Sun Yat-Sen in 1925.

History