In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
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Question: a b s t r a c t H1N1 is an infectious virus which, when spread affects a large volume of the population. It is an airborne disease that spreads easily and has a high death rate. Development of healthcare support systems using cloud computing is emerging as an effective solution with the benefits of better quality of service, reduced costs and flexibility. In this paper, an effective cloud computing architecture is proposed which predicts H1N1 infected patients and provides preventions to control infection rate. It consists of four processing components along with secure cloud storage medical database. The random decision tree is used to initially assess the infection in any patient depending on his/her symptoms. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is used to present the state of the outbreak. The proposed architecture is tested on synthetic data generated for two million users. The system provided 94% accuracy for the classification and around 81% of the resource utilization on Amazon EC2 cloud. The key point of the paper is the use of SNA graphs to calculate role of an infected user in spreading the outbreak known as Outbreak Role Index (ORI). It will help government agencies and healthcare departments to present, analyze and prevent outbreak effectively.

Answer: Smart monitoring and controlling of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) using Social Network Analysis and cloud computing


Question: This paper presents a label-free affinity-based capacitive biosensor using interdigitated electrodes. Using an optimized process of DNA probe preparation to minimize the effect of contaminants in commercial thiolated DNA probe, the electrode surface was functionalized with the 24-nucleotide DNA probes based on the West Nile virus sequence (Kunjin strain). The biosensor has the ability to detect complementary DNA fragments with a detection limit down to 20 DNA target molecules (1.5 aM range), making it suitable for a practical point-of-care (POC) platform for low target count clinical applications without the need for amplification. The reproducibility of the biosensor detection was improved with efficient covalent immobilization of purified single-stranded DNA probe oligomers on cleaned gold microelectrodes. In addition to the low detection limit, the biosensor showed a dynamic range of detection from 1 µL -1 to 10 5 µL -1 target molecules (20 to 2 million targets), making it suitable for sample analysis in a typical clinical application environment. The binding results presented in this paper were validated using fluorescent oligomers.

Answer: A Sensitive DNA Capacitive Biosensor Using Interdigitated Electrodes (BIOS-D-16-01739, Revised) Affinity-based Capacitive Biosensor Interdigitated Electrodes Nucleic Acid-based Biosensor Viral Diagnostics Pathogen Detection Point-of-care Diagnostics


Question: publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. The term 'emerging infectious diseases' (EIDs) is a broad one that covers newly recognized human diseases caused by pathogens that have recently jumped species, older pathogens that have emerged in new populations due to human behaviors or modifications to natural habitats, and older pathogens that are exhibiting resurgence in areas once brought under control, usually due to microbiological adaptation and change; this includes previously-identified microorganisms exhibiting new patterns of antimicrobial drug resistance and pathogenic properties. Emerging infectious diseases are those with increasing incidence at local, regional, or international scales, and are spreading from epicenters to new geographic areas. The surveillance, study and control of EIDs is a complex interdisciplinary effort, crossing international borders and involving the collaborative efforts of scientists, clinicians, and political leaders from many disciplines and backgrounds to protect human health. According to a comprehensive literature review performed by Taylor et al. (2001) at the Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, 1415 species of infectious organisms known to be pathogenic to humans were identified. The human pathogens tabulated by this study included an assortment of 217 viruses and prions, 538 bacteria and rickettsia, 307 fungi, 66 protozoa and 287 helminths. The majority of these (61%) were zoonotic infections transmitted from animals to humans. Of the 175 pathogenic species associated with diseases considered to be 'emerging', 135 (75%) were zoonotic. The study found that protozoan and virus pathogens were particularly likely to emerge, and that the helminths were less likely to do so. Interestingly, no association was found between route of transmission and emergence in this study. An updated literature survey from the Centre for Infectious Diseases at the same institution (University of Edinburgh) was published in 2005 by Woolhouse and Gowtage-Sequeria. This study identified 1407 species of human pathogens, 58% of which were zoonotic. Of the total, 177 were regarded as 'emerging' or 're-emerging' pathogens. The emerging and re-emerging zoonotic pathogens were most likely to have the broadest host ranges. The authors noted that although zoonotic pathogens constitute a significant source for emerging and re-EIDs, only a small minority of them would prove capable of causing major epidemics in the human population -but the H5N1 influenza strain could prove to be an exception. Causal factors contributing to the emergence of new pathogens include human population growth resulting in human encroachment on wildlife habitats, increased human contact with domestic and wild animals, changes in agricultural practices CHAPTER 3 sECTion 1 ä PRE-TRAvEl AdviCE

Answer:
Emerging Diseases and the International Traveler