In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

This man's aliases included James Brunswill and Adam Smith, during which time his wife was known as Lady Smith. His wrote a noted "Letter from Vidin" while in Bulgaria and, late in life, delineated a plan for a "Danubian Federation" and wrote the book Memories of my Exile. He was succeeded in office by his longtime general Arthur Gorgey, who served as dictator until surrendering to Rudiger at Vilagos, after this man had organized the Honvd army and served as regent-president. The USS Mississippi was dispatched to rescue him from internment in Turkey by Millard Fillmore after this man had previously been hailed as a celebrity in England, causing a scandal for foreign secretary Lord Palmerston. FTP, name this key participant in the 1848 revolution honored as a national hero in Hungary.
History

The reciprocal relationship between the eigenvalues of the mass matrix of these particles is called the "seesaw mechanism"; the larger eigenvalue may be the mass of their "sterile" variety. One phenomenon predicted by Pontecorvo involving these entities was searched for by (*) MINOS. Reines and Cowan used an aqueous cadmium chloride solution to detect them, and other detectors tend to include large volumes of material, such as Super Kamiokande. For 10 points, name these leptons, the nearly massless products of radioactive decay whose varieties include the muon and tau and which are represented by the letter nu.
Science

This quantity is plotted on the y axis against entropy in a Mollier diagram. The heat capacity at constant pressure is given by the derivative of this quantity with respect to temperature, and this quantity appears in the numerator divided by RT across from the derivative of the log of pressure with respect to temperature in the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Joule-Thomson cooling occurs at a constant value of this quantity, which can be written as the derivative of the log of the partition function with respect to the inverse temperature. For ten points, identify this quantity which is used to calculate heat transfer, often across phases, and is defined as the internal energy plus the product of pressure and volume.

Science