In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[Q]: Context: To study the pulmonary effects of aspirating a mixture of sucralfate in water and sucralfate in hydrochloric acid in an animal model of aspiration pneumonia.', 'Prospective, randomized, controlled study with repeated measures.', 'University research laboratory.', 'Thirty-two in situ, isolated, blood perfused porcine lung preparations.', 'Five control preparations received no aspiration. Twenty-seven preparations received a standard aspiration of 1.5 mL/kg body of a) distilled water (n = 5), b) sucralfate in distilled water (n = 8), c) 1/10 normal hydrochloric acid (n = 6), and d) mixture of sucralfate in distilled water and hydrochloric acid (n = 8).', 'The pH measurements were made of all aspirates. Lung weight, airway pressures, and pulmonary artery pressures were continuously monitored before and for 4 hrs after aspiration. Lung wet/dry weight ratio was measured at the completion of the study.', 'The pH of sucralfate mixed with distilled water was 4.9, pH of 1/10 normal hydrochloric acid was 1.0, and pH of equal volumes of a sucralfate-water suspension mixed with hydrochloric acid was 1.5. Airway pressures and pulmonary arterial pressures increased in all aspirate groups over time compared with those values of control lungs. Control lungs gained 18 +/- 3 (SEM) g over 4 hrs and the wet/dry ratio was 4.951 +/- 0.310. Lungs aspirating distilled water gained 147 +/- 49 g and the wet/dry ratio was 5.198 +/- 0.120. Lungs aspirating sucralfate and distilled water increased their weight by 109 +/- 30 g and the wet/dry ratio was 5.380 +/- 0.076. Lungs aspirating a suspension of sucralfate and water and hydrochloric acid were similar to lungs aspirating hydrochloric acid alone with weight increases of 265 +/- 30 g and 346 +/- 81 g, and the wet/dry ratio of 7.011 +/- 0.273 and 7.230 +/- 0.390, respectively.\Question: Does sucralfate reduce the risk of acid aspiration pneumonitis?
[A]: Sucralfate has minimal acid buffering effect. Aspiration of sucralfate mixed with distilled water causes lung edema similar to aspiration of water alone. Aspiration of a sucralfate-water suspension mixed with hydrochloric acid causes severe lung edema. These results suggest that patients given sucralfate prophylaxis for stress ulceration are at risk for acid aspiration.


[Q]: Context: Chronic marijuana use has been associated with impairments of learning, memory, and executive functions. Little is known, however, about the effects of marijuana use on other cognitive domains, such as decision-making, which are thought to play an important role in addiction and drug abuse.', 'The purpose of the present study was to determine if long-term heavy marijuana users employ different decision-making strategies than individuals with minimal marijuana exposure.', 'Volunteers were assigned to a cannabis (n = 10) or control group (n = 10) based upon history of prior marijuana use. Demographic and neuropsychological variables were evaluated, and a decision-making task--the gambling task (GT) was administered.', 'Although few demographic and neuropsychological differences were noted between groups, marijuana users made more decisions that led to larger immediate gains despite more costly losses than controls.\Question: Do long-term heavy marijuana users make costly decisions on a gambling task?
[A]: These data suggest that long-term heavy marijuana users may have specific deficits in the ability to balance rewards and punishments that may contribute to continued drug-taking behavior. It is unknown, however, whether the basis for such deficits might be attributed directly to marijuana exposure or pre-existing genetic or behavioral differences.


[Q]: Context: Total exercise duration and abnormal QRS score values are treadmill exercise testing (TET) prognostic parameters that have been shown to be significantly and independently associated with cardiac mortality. We evaluated the prognostic value of a new index (M score, Michaelides score) incorporating TET duration and QRS score values in a simple index.', 'In this study, we included 626 patients, who underwent TET and coronary arteriography. Cardiac catheterization showed the presence of coronary artery disease in 64.3% of these patients. The M score was calculated by adding the value of the Athens QRS score to the duration of TET (in minutes). The outcome measure was a composite of myocardial infarction or death. Patients were prospectively followed for 38+/-21 months (median 36 months).', "The composite endpoint was more frequent among the patients of the 1st quartile (M-score values <-5.8). In univariate analysis, mortality of the first-quartile patients was significantly higher (14 vs. 1.1%, P<0.001). In multivariate Cox's regression analysis for age, sex, diabetes, smoking status, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, maximum ST depression at TET, angina during TET, coronary artery disease on angiography, and echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction, the first quartile of M-score values was found to be independently associated with the composite endpoint (relative risk = 3.26, 95% confidence interval = 2.01-5.29, P<0.001).\Question: Does duration of treadmill exercise testing combined with QRS score predict adverse cardiac outcome at long-term follow-up?
[A]:
This study shows that a new index termed the M score, which incorporates QRS score and exercise duration, predicts mortality and occurrence of myocardial infarction at long-term follow-up of high-risk individuals, independently of TET-induced ST-segment changes.