Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Cardiovascular device-centered infections are a major cause of hospital morbidity, mortality, and expense. Caused by opportunistic bacteria, this phenomenon is thought to arise because of a defect in neutrophil bacterial killing. We have shown that neutrophils that adhere to polystyrene remain viable, whereas neutrophils that adhere to the vascular biomaterials expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and Dacron undergo a rapid nonapoptotic death. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that surface topography is a determinant of the nonapoptotic death response of neutrophils to biomaterials.', 'We took advantage of the ease with which a polystyrene surface can be manipulated to examine the effect of surface topography on neutrophil viability. Neutrophils were exposed to smooth or roughened polystyrene surfaces both in vivo and in vitro. Changes in cell membrane permeability and production of reactive oxygen species by individual cells were monitored with fluorescent dyes.', 'Host cells and isolated human neutrophils died rapidly after adhesion to roughened polystyrene. Neutrophils adherent to roughened surfaces produced more reactive oxygen intermediates than those adherent to smooth surfaces and were first to die. The cell death response precipitated by expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, Dacron, or the roughened surfaces was significantly reduced with treatment of the neutrophils with catalase, diphenylene iodonium, or the src kinase inhibitor PP2 before adhesion.

A: Is neutrophil survival on biomaterials determined by surface topography?
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Q: Hepatic myofibroblasts are relevant for pathogenesis of S. mansoni infection. In normal liver, these perisinusoidal cells are quiescent, express the lipocyte phenotype, and are located in the Disse's space, being the major site of vitamin A storage. When activated, they convert to myofibroblasts and contribute to granulomatous and diffuse liver fibrosis. In the present work, we observed that myofibroblasts obtained from granulomatous periovular inflammatory reactions in schistosome-infected mice (GR-MF) produce in vitro immunomodulatory cytokines for eosinophil activation: IL-5 and eotaxin.", 'The secretory activity of GR-MF was detected after TGF-β and IL-13 stimulation using 2D and 3D cell culture systems. In a mixed co-culture system using GR-MF with hematopoietic bone marrow cells from infected mice, we observed eosinophil survival that was dependent upon IL-5 and eotaxin, since antibodies against this cytokines decreased eosinophil population, as measured by eosinophil peroxidase activity.

A: Are hepatic myofibroblasts derived from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice a source of IL-5 and eotaxin : controls of eosinophil populations in vitro?
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Q: The incidence of gastric cancer after successful Helicobacter pylori eradication has been increasing. We previously reported that epithelium with low-grade atypia (ELA) appeared on the surface of gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication. Here, we investigate the clinical and biological characteristics of such ELA.', 'We studied 27 cases of gastric cancer detected after successful H. pylori eradication therapy. We examined the prevalence of ELA among these cases and its significance for endoscopic discovery after H. pylori eradication. We additionally investigated the mucus, p53 and Ki67 expressions in ELA.', 'Epithelium with low-grade atypia that continuous with the gastric tumor was detected in 22 of 27 cases (81%), a significantly greater percentage than that for controls (p < 0.01). We found that gastric-type mucin was frequently expressed in this epithelium. Neither p53- nor Ki67-positive cells were found in ELA, irrespective of their expression in tumor tissue. The presence of ELA was positively correlated with the clinical interval between H. pylori eradication and gastric cancer detection.

A:
Does characteristic epithelium with low-grade atypia appear on the surface of gastric cancer after successful Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy?
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