Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

The extent to which tolerance acquired in one motion environment can be transferred to another has not been fully elucidated. This study compares three provocative motion stimuli and whether tolerance acquired from cross-coupled motion and torso rotation can be transferred to simulated aircraft motion.', "There were 18 healthy subjects (9 men and 9 women), 18-44 yr of age, who were divided into 3 groups. Each group was exposed to the following desensitization procedure in a pseudo-random repeated measures design. In condition D1, subjects were exposed to 4 consecutive days of cross-coupling and on the 5th d they were exposed to simulated aircraft motion. In D2, subjects were exposed to 4 consecutive days of torso rotation and on the 5th day they were exposed to the simulated aircraft motion as in D1. In D3, subjects were exposed to 5 consecutive days of simulated aircraft motion. Based on Graybiel's diagnostic criteria, severity of motion sickness on the 1st and 5th day in D1, D2, and D3 were compared.", 'Cross-coupled motion was the most provocative stimulus followed by torso rotation and simulated aircraft motion. Within each motion stimulus, there was evidence of desensitization (p < 0.001) within 4 d. There were no significant differences in the severity of motion sickness observed on the 5th day regardless of the desensitization stimuli.
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Oesophageal cancer is generally associated with late presentation and poor prognosis. Therefore palliative surgery has been largely superseded by less invasive non-surgical techniques. Once palliation is indicated, the aims of the management should be: the maintenance of oral intake, minimizing hospital stay, relief of pain, elimination of reflux and regurgitation and the prevention of aspiration.', 'This study was a review of all published English language data on the palliation of malignant dysphagia between 1994-1999. The Medline and Bids databases were searched and other references were derived from the material perused.
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MicroRNAs are small, single-stranded, non-protein-coding RNAs of about 22 nucleotides. MicroRNA molecules have been identified to play key roles in a broad range of physiologic and pathologic processes. Polymorphisms in the corresponding sequence space are likely to make a significant contribution to phenotypic variation. A T/C genetic variant (rs11614913) in the pre-miR-196a2 sequence could alter mature miR-196a expression and target mRNA binding. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between this polymorphism and atrial fibrillation (AF).', 'A total of 123 participants were enrolled, 65 AF patients were confirmed with electrocardiogram (ECG) or dynamic electrocardiography, 58 normal individuals were assigned to the control group. Genotypes of the premiR-196a2 were distinguished using the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay.', 'The distribution of the pre-miR-196a2 genotypes (TT, TC, and CC) was 15.38%, 46.15%, and 38.46% in the AF group and 39.66%, 46.55%, and 13.79% in the controls, respectively (p = 0.0011). Compared with the TT genotype, the C allele carriers (TC+CC genotypes) had a 3.968-fold increased risk of AF (adjusted OR = 3.968, 95% CI = 1.633 - 9.644, p = 0.002). AF patients with the TC+CC genotype had greater left atrial dimension than did patients with the TT genotype (42.10 ± 8.74 vs. 35.13 ± 8.16, p = 0.0224).

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