In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Context: To ascertain the predictive role of longitudinally acquired biochemical measures of cartilage turnover in relation to X-ray defined knee osteoarthritis (OAK), knee pain and functioning.', "This is a feasibility study based on 72 enrollees of the Michigan site of Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a longitudinal, population-based cohort study with 11 annual visits to characterize health at the mid-life. At visits in 1996, 1998 and 2007, radiographs were evaluated for the presence of OAK [>or=2 on the Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) scale]. Knee pain and stiffness were assessed by interview. Functioning was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and Type II collagen telopeptides (CTX-II) were assayed in serum and urine samples collected on alternate years from 1997 to 2006. We related trajectories of the cartilage biochemical markers from these five time points to OAK severity (no OAK, K-L score<2; mild OAK, K-L score=2; moderate/severe OAK, K-L score=3 or 4), pain, stiffness, or functioning, using longitudinal non-linear mixed modeling.", 'The 2007 prevalence of X-ray defined OAK was 50% in these 72 women. Upward trajectories of COMP (P=0.02) and CTX-II (P=0.006) were associated with increased OAK severity and body size. COMP trajectories were associated with pain and stiffness, but not functioning. CTX-II trajectories were associated with stiffness scores, but not knee pain or functioning scores.\Question: Do longitudinal changes of serum COMP and urinary CTX-II predict X-ray defined knee osteoarthritis severity and stiffness in women?
Multiple, biennial measures of COMP or CTX-II taken over a 10-year period were predictive of subsequent OAK and knee stiffness.

Context: Nestin is a type VI intermediate filament protein known as a marker for progenitor cells that can be mostly found in tissues during the embryonic and fetal periods. In our study, we aimed to determine the expression of nestin in meninges covering the brain tissue at different developmental stages and in the new born.', 'In this study 10 human fetuses in different development stages between developmental weeks 9-34 and a newborn brain tissue were used. Fetuses in paraffin section were stained with H+E and nestin immunohistochemical staining protocol was performed.', 'In this study, in the human meninges intense nestin expression was detected as early as in the 9th week of development. Intensity of this expression gradually decreased in later stages of development and nestin expression still persisted in a small population of newborn meningeal cells.\Question: Is intermediate filament protein nestin expressed in developing meninges?
In the present study, nestin positive cells gradually diminished in the developing and maturing meninges during the fetal period. This probably depends on initiation of a decrease in nestin expression and replacement with other tissue-specific intermediate filaments while the differentiation process continues. These differences can make significant contributions to the investigation and diagnosis of various pathological disorders (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 36).

Context: Intravenous oxygen infusions have been introduced in complementary medicine for treatment of atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases. As atherosclerosis and inflammation are causally related to oxidative stress and as intravenous supply with oxygen causes oxidative stress, it was suggested that the clinical success of intravenous oxygen therapy is biochemically based on an enhancement of endogenous antioxidative mechanisms. The anti-atherogenic enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is is part of this system.', 'To evaluate the effect of repeated intravenous oxygen infusions on serum PON1 activity.', 'A total of 45 patients were treated with intravenous oxygen. During treatment oxygen dosage was increased from 15 to 50 ml (1-2 ml/min). Before treatments 1 and 10 blood was obtained for measurement of PON1 activities. From 20 patients blood was additionally obtained after 20 days of treatment and 2 weeks post treatment. Serum PON1 activity was measured spectrophotometrically using the synthetic substrates paraoxon, phenylacetate, and p-nitrophenyl-acetate.', 'Using the substrate paraoxon PON1 activity significantly increased by 38% above basal levels 24 hours after intravenous oxygen infusion 9 (p < 0.001). Adverse effects were not observed.\Question: Does [ Intravenous oxygen therapy increase the activity of the antioxidative and antiatherogenic serum enzyme paraoxonase 1 ]?

Treatments with intravenous oxygen infusions evoke an adaptation to oxidative stress by an increase of serum PON1 activity. In this regard, a potential molecular mechanism has been found, that explains the protecting effects of intravenous oxygen therapy against oxidative stress and its consequences. PON1 activity is proposed to be an appropriate parameter for monitoring the success of this kind of oxygen therapy.