In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Federal Courts of Appeals 
Modernization Act''.

SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT.

    There is established a Commission on Structural Alternatives for 
the Federal Courts of Appeals (in this Act referred to as the 
``Commission'').

SEC. 3. MEMBERSHIP.

    (a) Composition.--The Commission shall be composed of 5 members who 
shall be appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States.
    (b) Appointment.--The members of the Commission shall be appointed 
not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act.
    (c) Vacancy.--Any vacancy in the Commission shall be filled in the 
same manner as the original appointment.
    (d) Chair.--The Commission shall elect a chair and vice chair from 
among its members.
    (e) Quorum.--Three members of the Commission shall constitute a 
quorum.

SEC. 4. DUTIES.

    The Commission shall--
            (1) study the present division of the United States courts 
        of appeals, with particular references to the United States 
        Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit; and
            (2) submit to the President and Congress a report on the 
        recommendations of the Commission with respect to changes in 
        circuit boundaries or structure as may be appropriate for the 
        expeditious and effective disposition of the caseload of the 
        United States courts of appeals, consistent with fundamental 
        concepts of fairness and due process.

SEC. 5. COMMISSION PERSONNEL MATTERS.

    (a) Compensation of Members.--Each member of the Commission who is 
not an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall be 
compensated at a rate equal to $300 for each day (including travel 
time) during which such member is engaged in the performance of the 
duties of the Commission. All members of the Commission who are 
officers or employees of the United States shall serve without 
compensation in addition to that received for their services as 
officers or employees of the United States.
    (b) Travel Expenses.--Each member of the Commission shall be 
allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at 
rates not greater than those described in section 456 of title 28, 
United States Code.

SEC. 6. STAFF.

    (a) Executive Director.--The Commission may appoint an executive 
director who shall be compensated at a rate not greater than the daily 
equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay prescribed for a position at 
GS-15 of the General Schedule for each day (including travel time) 
during which the executive director is engaged in the performance of 
the duties of the Commission.
    (b) Staff.--The Executive Director, with the approval of the 
Commission, may appoint and fix the compensation of such additional 
personnel as the Executive Director determines necessary, without 
regard to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing 
appointments in the competitive service, and without regard to the 
provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title 
relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates, except that 
a rate of pay fixed under this subsection may not exceed the annual 
maximum rate of basic pay for a position above GS-15 of the General 
Schedule under section 5108 of title 5, United States Code.
    (c) Experts and Consultants.--The Executive Director may procure by 
contract the temporary or intermittent services of experts or 
consultants in accordance with section 3109 of title 5, United States 
Code, at rates for individuals that are not greater than the daily 
equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay for a comparable position 
paid under the General Schedule.
    (d) Services.--The Administrative Office of the United States 
Courts shall provide administrative services, including financial and 
budgeting services, to the Commission on a reimbursable basis. The 
Federal Judicial Center shall provide necessary research services to 
the Commission on a reimbursable basis.

SEC. 7. INFORMATION.

    The Commission is authorized to request from any department, 
agency, or independent instrumentality of the United States any 
information and assistance the Commission determines necessary to carry 
out its functions under this Act. Each such department, agency, and 
independent instrumentality is authorized to provide such information 
and assistance to the extent permitted by law when requested by the 
Chair of the Commission.

SEC. 8. STUDY AND REPORT.

    (a) Study.--Not later than the 10-month period beginning on the 
date on which a quorum of the Commission is present, the Commission 
shall conclude a study on the issues described in section 4(1).
    (b) Report.--Not later than 60 days after the date on which the 
period described in subsection (a) expires, the Commission shall submit 
to the President and Congress the report described in section 4(1).

SEC. 9. TERMINATION.

    The Commission shall terminate 90 days after the Commission submits 
the report described in section 8(b).

SEC. 10. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary 
not to exceed $1,000,000 to carry out this Act, to remain available 
until expended.

Answer: Federal Courts of Appeals Modernization Act This bill establishes a Commission on Structural Alternatives for the Federal Courts of Appeals to: (1) study the present division of the U.S. courts of appeals, with particular references to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit; and (2) submit to the President and Congress recommendations for changes in circuit boundaries or structure for the expeditious and effective disposition of the caseload of such courts. The commission shall be composed of five members appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``National Institute on Minority 
Health Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds that--
            (1) heart disease and strokes lead to about 2\1/2\ times as 
        many deaths among Black Americans (between the ages of 25 and 
        44) as among White Americans;
            (2) diabetes is twice as prevalent among Mexican- and 
        Puerto Rican-Americans as among White Americans;
            (3) Black and Hispanic women account for 73 percent of the 
        reported cases of AIDS among American women, and the death rate 
        from AIDS is 9 times higher among Black women than among White 
        women;
            (4) between 1983 and 1985, when the infant mortality rate 
        among Whites was 9.0 deaths per 1,000 live births, the infant 
        mortality rate among Blacks was 18.7 and 13.9 among Native 
        Americans, with similar disparities among rates of low-
        birthweight babies;
            (5) in 1988, when the rates of death resulting from 
        homicides was 8 per 100,000 among young (ages 15 to 24) White 
        males, the rate among young Black males was 59 per 100,000, and 
        the rates for young Hispanic and Native American males was 
        roughly 2 to 3 times that of young White males;
            (6) biomedical research, including clinical trials for 
        pharmaceuticals, often has failed to include minorities in the 
        population being studied or tested, even when it is certain 
        that minorities will be among the population subject to the 
        medical condition or receiving the treatment or pharmaceutical 
        that is being studied or tested;
            (7) the percentages of medical professionals, especially 
        physicians, who are minorities are significantly lower than 
        their representation in the general population; and
            (8) the ratio of physicians to inhabitants of neighborhoods 
        that are heavily populated by minorities (or low-income 
        residents) is often much lower than the ratio of physicians to 
        inhabitants of predominantly White neighborhoods.

SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON MINORITY HEALTH.

    Part C of title IV of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 285 
et seq.), as amended by section 124 of Public Law 102-321 (106 Stat. 
364), is amended by adding at the end the following subpart:

          ``Subpart 17--National Institute on Minority Health

                         ``purpose of institute

    ``Sec. 464V. (a) The general purpose of the National Institute on 
Minority Health is the conduct and support of research, training, the 
dissemination of health information, and other programs with respect to 
minority health conditions, including the advancement of opportunities 
for and recruitment of minorities for training and placement as health 
professionals.
    ``(b) For purposes of this subpart:
            ``(1) The term `health care system' means the system in the 
        United States for the delivery of health care.
            ``(2) The term `minorities' means members of minority 
        groups.
            ``(3) The term `minority health conditions' means all 
        diseases, disorders, and conditions (including conditions 
        regarding mental health)--
                    ``(A) unique to, more serious in, or more prevalent 
                in minorities;
                    ``(B) for which the factors of medical risk or 
                types of medical intervention are different for 
                minorities, or for which it is unknown whether such 
                factors or types are different for minorities; or
                    ``(C) with respect to which there has been 
                insufficient clinical research involving minorities as 
                subjects, or insufficient clinical data on minorities.
            ``(4) The term `research on minority health' means research 
        on minority health conditions.
            ``(5) The term `Institute' means the National Institute on 
        Minority Health.

                         ``certain authorities

    ``Sec. 464W. (a) In carrying out section 464V, the Director of the 
Institute shall--
            ``(1) recommend an agenda for conducting and supporting 
        research on minority health;
            ``(2) identify projects of research on minority health that 
        should be conducted or supported by the national research 
        institutes;
            ``(3) identify multidisciplinary research relating to 
        research on minority health that should be so conducted or 
        supported;
            ``(4) promote coordination and collaboration among entities 
        conducting research identified under paragraph (2) or (3);
            ``(5) encourage the conduct of research identified under 
        paragraph (2) or (3) by entities receiving funds from the 
        national research institutes;
            ``(6) ensure that minorities are appropriately represented 
        as subjects in projects of clinical research conducted or 
        supported by the national research institutes and, as 
        appropriate, encourage similar representation in research 
        conducted under other circumstances; and
            ``(7) promote the sufficient allocation of the resources of 
        the national research institutes for conducting and supporting 
        such research.
    ``(b)(1) The Director of the Institute shall monitor the health 
care system for the purpose of determining the effects of the system on 
the health of minorities, including the extent to which minorities have 
access to health care. In monitoring the system, the Director shall 
determine, with respect to such purpose, the effects of the policies 
and practices of entities that provide health benefits plans.
    ``(2) With respect to Federal proposals for reforming the health 
care system, the Director of the Institute shall, in carrying out 
paragraph (1), monitor such proposals for the purpose of determining 
whether the proposals adequately provide for the health of minorities.
    ``(c)(1) The Director of the Institute shall serve as an advocate 
regarding the health of minorities. The Director may in so serving 
carry out advocacy activities regarding the Federal Government, State 
and local governments, and private entities, including public and 
private educational entities.
    ``(2) In carrying out paragraph (1), the Director of the Institute 
shall determine the health benefits for minorities that should, at a 
minimum, be provided for in any reform of the health care system.
    ``(d) The Director of the Institute shall encourage the creation of 
opportunities for the training of minorities as health professionals 
and shall facilitate the placement of minorities trained as health 
professionals into appropriate positions.''.

SEC. 4. CONFORMING AMENDMENT.

    Section 401(b)(1) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
281(b)(1)), as amended by section 121 of Public Law 102-321 (106 Stat. 
358), is amended by adding at the end the following subparagraph:
            ``(Q) The National Institute on Minority Health.''.

Answer: National Institute on Minority Health Act - Amends the Public Health Service Act to declare that the National Institute on Minority Health's purpose is the conduct and support of research, training, information dissemination, and other programs regarding minority health, including the advancement of opportunities for and recruitment of minorities for training and placement as health professionals.  Adds the Institute to the list of research institutes of the National Institutes of Health.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Grow American Incomes Now Act of 
2017'' or the ``GAIN Act of 2017''.

SEC. 2. MODIFICATION OF EARNED INCOME TAX CREDIT.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Increase in credit percentage.--The table in section 
        32(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``7.65'' in the second column 
                (relating to credit percentage) and inserting ``30'';
                    (B) by striking ``7.65'' in the third column 
                (relating to phaseout percentage) and inserting 
                ``15.98'';
                    (C) by striking ``34'' and inserting ``65.28'';
                    (D) by striking ``40'' and inserting ``76.80''; and
                    (E) by striking ``45'' and inserting ``86.40''.
            (2) Earned income amount and phaseout amount.--
                    (A) In general.--Subparagraph (A) of section 
                32(b)(2) of such Code is amended by striking ``Subject 
                to subparagraph (B), the earned income amount and the 
                phaseout amount'' and inserting ``Subject to 
                subparagraph (B)--
                            ``(i) Phaseout amount.--The phaseout amount 
                        is $18,340.
                            ``(ii) Earned income amount.--The earned 
                        income amount''.
                    (B) Credit phase-in ends.--Section 32(b)(2)(A)(ii) 
                of such Code, as amended by subparagraph (A), is 
                further amended by striking the table and inserting the 
                following:

``In the case of an                                   The earned income
  eligible individual with:                                  amount is:
        1 qualifying child.................................    $10,000 
        2 or more qualifying children......................    $14,040 
        No qualifying children............................. $10,000.''.
    (b) Eligibility Age.--Subclause (II) of section 32(c)(1)(A)(ii) of 
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ``25'' and 
inserting ``21''.
    (c) Conforming and Technical Amendment.--Paragraph (1) of section 
32(j) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as 
follows:
            ``(1) In general.--In the case of any taxable year 
        beginning after 2016, each of the dollar amounts in subsections 
        (b)(2) and (i)(1) shall be increased by an amount equal to--
                    ``(A) such dollar amount, multiplied by
                    ``(B) the cost-of-living adjustment determined 
                under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar year in which 
                the taxable year begins, determined--
                            ``(i) in the case of amounts in subsection 
                        (b)(2)(A), by substituting `calendar year 2016' 
                        for `calendar year 1992' in subparagraph (B) 
                        thereof, and
                            ``(ii) in the case of amounts in subsection 
                        (i)(1), by substituting `calendar year 1995' 
                        for `calendar year 1992' in subparagraph (B) 
                        thereof.''.
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016.

SEC. 3. ADVANCE PAYMENT OF EARNED INCOME CREDIT.

    (a) In General.--Chapter 25 of subtitle C of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after section 3506 the following 
new section:

``SEC. 3507. ADVANCE PAYMENT OF EARNED INCOME CREDIT.

    ``(a) Advance Payment.--
            ``(1) In general.--An employer making payment of wages to 
        an employee with respect to whom an eligibility certificate is 
        in effect shall, at the time of paying such wages for the 
        payroll period elected by the employee under paragraph (2), 
        make an additional lump sum payment to such employee equal to 
        the earned income advance amount (except as provided in 
        subsection (b)(1)(C)(ii)) of such employee.
            ``(2) Payments available after 6 months of employment 
        during calendar year.--For purposes of paragraph (1), an 
        employee with respect to whom an eligibility certificate is in 
        effect for the calendar year may elect to receive the earned 
        income advance amount at the same time as wages for any payroll 
        period which begins after the employee has been paid wages by 
        the employer for a period of not less than 6 months during such 
        calendar year.
    ``(b) Eligibility Certificate.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of this section, an 
        eligibility certificate is a statement submitted by an employee 
        to the employer which--
                    ``(A) certifies that the employee is eligible to 
                receive the credit provided by section 32 for the 
                taxable year,
                    ``(B) certifies that the employee does not have an 
                eligibility certificate in effect for the calendar year 
                with respect to the payment of wages by another 
                employer, and
                    ``(C) certifies that--
                            ``(i) an eligibility certificate has not 
                        been in effect for the spouse of the employee 
                        on any date during the calendar year, or
                            ``(ii) such a certificate is in effect for 
                        the spouse of the employee, and the employee is 
                        eligible to receive only \1/2\ the earned 
                        income advance amount otherwise determined with 
                        respect to the employee.
            ``(2) Employer not responsible for verification.--For 
        purposes of this section, an employer shall not--
                    ``(A) be required to verify any certification made 
                by an employee in the statement described in paragraph 
                (1), or
                    ``(B) be held liable for any false claims or 
                statements made by an employee in regards to such 
                statement.
    ``(c) Earned Income Advance Amount.--
            ``(1) Determination of amount.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Subject to subparagraph (B), the 
                term `earned income advance amount' means, with respect 
                to any payroll period, the amount determined--
                            ``(i) on the basis of the wages of the 
                        employee from the employer during such calendar 
                        year through such payroll period, and
                            ``(ii) in accordance with tables issued by 
                        the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--For each calendar year, except 
                as provided in subparagraph (C), the earned income 
                advance amount shall not exceed $500.
                    ``(C) Adjustment for inflation.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In the case of any 
                        taxable year beginning after 2019, the $500 
                        amount in subparagraph (B) shall be increased 
                        by an amount equal to--
                                    ``(I) such dollar amount, 
                                multiplied by
                                    ``(II) the cost-of-living 
                                adjustment determined under section 
                                1(f)(3) for the calendar year in which 
                                the taxable year begins determined by 
                                substituting `calendar year 2018' for 
                                `calendar year 1992' in subparagraph 
                                (B) thereof.
                            ``(ii) Rounding.--If any increase 
                        determined under paragraph (1) is not a 
                        multiple of $10, such increase shall be rounded 
                        to the nearest multiple of $10.
            ``(2) Armed forces.--In the case of an employee who is a 
        member of the Armed Forces of the United States, the earned 
        income advance amount shall be determined by taking into 
        account the total wages of such employee, as determined for 
        purposes of section 32.
            ``(3) Advance amount tables.--For purposes of paragraph 
        (1)(A)(ii), the tables issued by the Secretary shall be similar 
        in form to the tables issued under section 3402 and, to the 
        extent feasible, coordinated with such tables.
    ``(d) Payments To Be Treated as Payments of Withholding and FICA 
Taxes.--
            ``(1) In general.--Payments made by an employer under 
        subsection (a) to an employee--
                    ``(A) shall not be treated as payment of 
                compensation, and
                    ``(B) shall be treated as made out of--
                            ``(i) amounts required to be deducted and 
                        withheld for the payroll period under section 
                        3401,
                            ``(ii) amounts required to be deducted for 
                        the payroll period under section 3102, and
                            ``(iii) amounts of the taxes imposed for 
                        the payroll period under section 3111,
                as if the employer had paid to the Secretary, on the 
                day on which the wages are paid to the employee, an 
                amount equal to such payments.
            ``(2) Advance payments exceed taxes due.--In the case of 
        any employer, if for any payroll period the aggregate amount of 
        earned income advance payments exceeds the sum of the amounts 
        referred to in paragraph (1)(B), the employer shall pay only so 
        much of such earned income advance payment as does not exceed 
        such sum, and shall not make any further advance payments to 
        the employee for the calendar year.
            ``(3) Failure to make advance payments.--Failure to make 
        any payment of an earned income advance amount as required 
        under this section shall be treated as the failure at such time 
        to deduct and withhold under chapter 24 an amount equal to the 
        earned income advance amount.
    ``(e) Submission of Certificate.--
            ``(1) Effective period.--An eligibility certificate 
        submitted to an employer at any time during the calendar year 
        shall continue in effect with respect to the employee during 
        such calendar year until revoked by the employee or until 
        another such certificate takes effect under this section.
            ``(2) Requirement to revoke certificate.--In the case of an 
        employee who has submitted an eligibility certificate under 
        this section and subsequently becomes ineligible for the credit 
        provided under section 32 for the taxable year, the employee 
        shall, not later than 10 days after becoming ineligible for 
        such credit, submit to the employer a revocation of such 
        certificate.
            ``(3) Form and contents of certificate.--Eligibility 
        certificates shall be in such form and contain such other 
        information as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe.
    ``(f) Taxpayers Making Prior Fraudulent or Reckless Claims.--
            ``(1) In general.--No earned income advance amount shall be 
        paid under this section for any taxable year in the 
        disallowance period.
            ``(2) Disallowance period.--For purposes of paragraph (1), 
        the disallowance period is--
                    ``(A) the period of 10 taxable years after the most 
                recent taxable year for which there was a final 
                determination that the taxpayer's claim of an earned 
                income advance amount under this section was due to 
                fraud, and
                    ``(B) the period of 2 taxable years after the most 
                recent taxable year for which there was a final 
                determination that the taxpayer's claim of an earned 
                income advance amount under this section was due to 
                reckless or intentional disregard of rules and 
                regulations (but not due to fraud).
    ``(g) Taxable Year.--The term `taxable year' means the last taxable 
year of the employee under subtitle A beginning in the calendar year in 
which the wages are paid.
    ``(h) IRS Notification.--The Internal Revenue Service shall take 
such steps as may be appropriate to ensure that taxpayers who receive a 
refund of the credit under section 32 are aware of the availability of 
earned income advance amounts under this section.''.
    (b) Coordination With Advance Payments.--Section 32 of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after subsection (f) the 
following new subsection:
    ``(g) Coordination With Advance Payments of Earned Income Credit.--
            ``(1) Recapture of advance payments.--If any payment is 
        made to the individual by an employer under section 3507 during 
        any calendar year, then the tax imposed by this chapter for the 
        individual's last taxable year beginning in such calendar year 
        shall be increased by the aggregate amount of such payments.
            ``(2) Reconciliation of payments advanced and credit 
        allowed.--Any increase in tax under paragraph (1) shall not be 
        treated as tax imposed by this chapter for purposes of 
        determining the amount of any credit (other than the credit 
        allowed by subsection (a)) allowable under this part.''.
    (c) Filing Requirement.--Section 6012(a) of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after paragraph (8) the following 
new paragraph:
            ``(9) Every individual who receives payments during the 
        calendar year in which the taxable year begins under section 
        3507.''.
    (d) Receipts for Employees.--Section 6051(a) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after paragraph (6) the 
following new paragraph:
            ``(7) the total amount paid to the employee under section 
        3507 (relating to advance payment of earned income credit),''.
    (e) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 25 of 
subtitle C of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting 
after the item relating to section 3506 the following new item:

``Sec. 3507. Advance payment of earned income credit.''.
    (f) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after the date which is 1 year after 
the date of the enactment of this Act.

Answer:
Grow American Incomes Now Act of 2017 or the GAIN Act  This bill amends the Internal Revenue Code, with respect to the earned income tax credit (EITC), to: (1) increase specified credit and phaseout percentages, (2) increase the earned income amounts and the phaseout amounts, (3) decrease from 25 to 21 the minimum eligibility age for individuals without qualifying children, and (4) allow employees to elect to receive advance payments of the EITC from employers when wages are paid.