In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[EX Q]: as the u.s. supreme court has stated,  judicial rulings alone almost never constitute a valid basis for a bias or partiality motion  directed to a trial judge.
[EX A]: non-overruling

[EX Q]: indeed, this court has recognized that a party may make allegations on information and belief in the fraud context when ""(1) the facts constituting the fraud are not accessible to the plaintiff and (2) the plaintiff provides the grounds for his suspicions.""
[EX A]: non-overruling

[EX Q]: the forest preserve foreclosed and then bought the property at the foreclosure auction.
[EX A]:
non-overruling