In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Question: Context: Extracellular histones exert part of their prothrombotic activity through the stimulation of blood cells. Besides platelets, histones can bind to red blood cells (RBCs), which are important contributors to thrombogenesis, but little is known about the functional consequences of this interaction.', 'To evaluate the effect of histones on the procoagulant potential of human RBCs with particular regard to the expression of surface phosphatidylserine (PS).', 'PS exposure on human RBCs treated with a natural mixture of histones or recombinant individual histones was evaluated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-annexin-V binding and measured with flow cytometry. Calcium influx in RBCs loaded with the calcium-sensitive fluorophore Fluo-4\xa0AM was assessed with flow cytometry. The procoagulant potential of histone-treated RBCs was evaluated with a purified prothrombinase assay and a one-stage plasma recalcification clotting test.', 'Natural histones induced PS exposure on RBCs in a dose-dependent manner, and neutralization or cleavage of histones by heparin or activated protein\xa0C, respectively, abolished PS externalization. H4 was mainly responsible for the stimulating activity of histones, whereas the other subtypes were almost ineffective. Similarly, natural histones and H4 induced influx of calcium into RBCs, whereas the other individual histones did not. Histone-induced exposure of PS on RBCs translated into increased prothrombinase complex-mediated prothrombin activation and accelerated fibrin formation in plasma.\Question: Do histones induce phosphatidylserine exposure and a procoagulant phenotype in human red blood cells?

Answer: Histones induce RBCs to express a procoagulant phenotype through the externalization of PS. This finding provides new insights into the prothrombotic activity of extracellular histones.


Question: Context: To study the pathophysiological importance of changes in insulin sensitivity and islet function over time for alterations in glucose tolerance in a randomly selected large group of non-diabetic women aged 57-59 years over a 3-year period.', 'At baseline and at the 3-year follow-up, glucose tolerance (WHO 75 g oral glucose), insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp) and insulin and glucagon secretion (2 to 5-min responses to 5 g i.v. arginine at fasting, 14 and > 25 mmol/l glucose) were measured.', 'At baseline, women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 28) had lower insulin sensitivity (p = 0.048) than normal women (NGT, n = 58). The arginine-induced insulin responses (AIR) were inversely associated with insulin sensitivity (r > or = -0.55, p < 0.001). When related to the 3-year follow-up, the baseline product of AIR at 14 mmol/l glucose times insulin sensitivity, insulin effect index (IE) (r = -0.40, p < 0.001) and the arginine-induced glucagon response at 14 mmol/l glucose (AGR, r = 0.28, p = 0.009) both correlated with follow-up 2-h glucose. In a multiple regression model, baseline 2-h glucose, insulin effect index and arginine-induced glucagon response independently predicted 2-h glucose at follow-up (total r = 0.668, p < 0.001). Furthermore, delta insulin sensitivity (i. e. follow-up minus baseline) correlated with delta insulin secretion (r = -0.30, p = 0.006), whereas delta glucagon secretion correlated with delta2-h glucose (r = 0.30, p = 0.006) over the 3 years. In a multiple regression, alterations in 2-h glucose over the 3 years were independently determined by changes in fasting insulin and glucagon secretion (r = 0.424, p < 0.001).\Question: Is glucose intolerance predicted by low insulin secretion and high glucagon secretion : outcome of a prospective study in postmenopausal Caucasian women?

Answer: Low insulin secretion, when judged in relation to insulin sensitivity, and high glucagon secretion, determine glucose tolerance over time in the individual subject. These processes are therefore potential targets for prevention of deterioration in glucose tolerance.


Question: Context: This study determined the effect of a structured isotonic strength training (ST) program on left ventricular (LV) function (ejection fraction, stroke volume, and end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes) and physical fitness (6-minute walk test, upper body strength, lower body strength, and body composition) in patients with New York Heart Association class II and III heart failure.', 'Sixteen patients were randomized into 2 groups, ST and usual care. The ST group (10 patients) performed 24 ST exercise sessions (3 per week, 8 weeks), while the usual care (6 patients) group followed routine medical care. The structured isotonic ST program involved 12 different exercises on circuit weight machines. LV function (3D echocardiography) and physical fitness were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks.', 'Modest improvements (P < .05) in resting ejection fraction (0.32-0.37) and stroke volume (46 to 53 mL/beat), as well as in muscular strength and 6-minute walk distance, were found after training.\Question: Does resistance exercise training improve heart function and physical fitness in stable patients with heart failure?

Answer:
A short-term structured isotonic ST program appears to improve selected measures of resting LV function and fitness in patients with mild congestive heart failure. Additional studies utilizing larger numbers of subjects, including women, are needed.