instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is linked with oxidative damage of biomolecules causing significant impairment of essential cellular functions that lead to cell death. It is the reason why photodynamic therapy has found application in treatment of different oncological, cardiovascular, skin and eye diseases. Efficacy of PDT depends on combined action of three components; sensitizer, light and oxygen. In the present study, we examined whether higher partial pressure of oxygen increases lethality in HeLa cell lines exposed to light in the presence of chloraluminium phthalocyanine disulfonate (ClAlPcS2).', 'ClAlPcS2- sensitized HeLa cells incubated under different oxygen conditions were exposed to PDT. Production of singlet oxygen ((1)O2) and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by appropriately sensitive fluorescence probes. The effect of PDT on HeLa cell viability under different oxygen conditions was quantified using the standard methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) test.', 'At the highest oxygen concentration of 28 ± 2 mg/l HeLa cells were significantly more sensitive to light-activated ClAlPcS2 (EC50=0.29 ± 0.05 μM) in comparison to cells incubated at lower oxygen concentrations of 8 ± 0.5 and 0.5 ± 0.1 mg/l, where the half maximal effective concentration was 0.42 ± 0.06 μM and 0.94 ± 0.14 μM, respectively. Moreover, we found that the higher presence of oxygen is accompanied with higher production of singlet oxygen, a higher rate of type II photodynamic reactions, and a significant drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential.
Answer: These results demonstrate that the photodynamic effect in cervical cancer cells utilizing ClAlPcS2 significantly depends on oxygen level.
answer:
Does high oxygen partial pressure increase photodynamic effect on HeLa cell lines in the presence of chloraluminium phthalocyanine?


question:
Context: Hyaluronic acid binding protein 1 (HABP1), a family of proteins interacting with hyaluronan (HA), had been associated with cell adhesion and tumor invasion. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between clinicopathologic factors and patient survival time with the expression of HABP1 in breast cancer patients.', 'Expression of HABP1 mRNA and protein were detected with real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining in 63 breast cancer and non-cancerous matched tissues.', "The mRNA expression level of HABP1 was unrelated to the patient's age, tumor size, histological grade, TNM stage. However, it proved to be positively related to axillary nodes metastasis (P = 0.008). Furthermore, it was shown that the survival rate of patients with low HABP1 expression was significantly higher than that of patients with high HABP1 expression (P = 0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed that HABP1 mRNA expression level was a significant factor for predicting prognosis (P = 0.022). The immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression level of HABP1 in breast cancer cells was higher than that in normal breast cells.
Answer: HABP1 might be an independent predictive factor for breast cancer prognosis and up-regulation of HABP1 might play an important role in the metastasis of breast cancer.
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Is increased expression of hyaluronic acid binding protein 1 correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer?


question:
Context: The goal of this study was to establish an apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) rat model.', 'The ApoE(-/-) rat was created by TALEN-mediated gene targeting in the genetic background of Sprague Dawley rat. Six-to eight-week-old male rats were used in the experiments (n\xa0=\xa010 in each group).', 'After fed with high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 12 weeks, the ApoE(-/-) rats displayed typical dyslipidemia. In contrast, HCD failed to induce hypercholesterolemia in wild-type rats. However, there was no obvious atherosclerotic lesion in oil red O-stained en face aortas and the aortic root sections in both genetic types of rats. Interestingly, partial ligation caused the formation of plaques consist of lipid and macrophages in carotid arteries from ApoE(-/-) rats, but induced the neointimal hyperplasia in wild-type rats. Additionally, we found that HCD slightly increased the expression of adhesion molecules, while partial ligation dramatically upregulated these molecules.
Answer: The ApoE(-/-) rat is a novel model for dyslipidemia and could also be used in the research of atherosclerosis.
answer:

Do apolipoprotein E-deficient rats develop atherosclerotic plaques in partially ligated carotid arteries?