instruction:
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
question:
Bloodstone, agate, and onyx are chalcedonic varieties of this mineral. Other color variations arise from substituting atoms for silicon; iron for citrine and amethysts, titanium for the rose variety. When cemented it makes sandstone and when fused, silica glass. For ten points, identify this mineral composed of crystalline silicon dioxide.
answer:
Science


question:
In one opera by this composer set in Stockholm, the fortune-teller Ulrica prophesizes that Riccardo will be killed by the next man who shakes his hand. This composer of A Masked Ball included "Va, pensiero," or the Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves, in an opera which details the exile of the Jews from Babylon, Nabucco. In addition to the drinking song "Libiamo ne' lieti calici" in an opera about Alfredo and Violetta, this composer wrote an opera which sees the Duke of Mantua sing "La donna e mobile" and another opera about an Egyptian princess. For 10 points, name this Italian composer of Rigoletto, La traviata, and Aida.
answer:
Fine Arts


question:
Opik and Pryce developed an early method for calculating this effect, but Jess Chaboy was unable to detect it in a liquid solution. The Laporte rule does not apply to when this effect is present, and one member of the Irving-Williams series features a surprisingly high value because of it. First published in a 1937 paper, it was based on work done by Kramers and Wigner, and is related to the RTE. The pseudo type of this effect is experienced in fluxional molecules, and it also has static and spontaneous versions. Caused by an electronically degenerate ground state, it is most often associated with octahedral complexes of the transition metals. For 10 points, name this effect in which non-linear molecules experience molecular geometry distortions.
answer:

Science