TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : Blücher was the second of five "Admiral Hipper"-class heavy cruisers of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine", built after the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Treaty of Versailles. Named for Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, the Prussian victor of the Battle of Waterloo, the ship was laid down in August 1936 and launched in June 1937. She was completed in September 1939, shortly after the outbreak of World War II. After completing a series of sea trials and training exercises, the ship was pronounced ready for service with the fleet on 5 April 1940. Context_2 : Operation Nordseetour was the first Atlantic sortie of the German heavy cruiser "Admiral Hipper" during December, 1940. Context_3 : USS "Northampton" (CL/CA-26) was the lead "Northampton"-class cruiser in service with the United States Navy. She was commissioned in 1930, originally classified a light cruiser because of her thin armor but later reclassified a heavy cruiser because of her 8-inch guns. During World War II she served in the Pacific and was sunk by Japanese torpedoes during the Battle of Tassafaronga on 30 November 1942. She was named after the city of Northampton, Massachusetts, the home of former President Calvin Coolidge. Context_4 : Oscarsborg Fortress (Norwegian: Oscarsborg festning ) is a coastal fortress in the Oslofjord, close to the small town of Drøbak. The best known part is situated on two small islets. The main artillery batteries are on the island Håøya and smaller batteries on the mainland to the west and east in the fjord and was military territory until 2003 when it was made a publicly available resort island. The fortress is best known for sinking the German heavy cruiser "Blücher" on 9 April 1940. In 2014, Oscarsborg Fortress was given protected status, effective from 9 April that year. Context_5 : Émile Bertin was a French fast light cruiser named after Louis-Émile Bertin, a 19th-century naval architect. She was designed to operate both as a minelayer and as a destroyer flotilla leader. The design was the basis for later light and heavy French cruisers, particularly the slightly larger "La Galissonnière" class of cruisers. This was the first French warship to use triple mountings. Context_6 : Operation "Rheinübung" ("Exercise Rhine") was the sortie into the Atlantic by the new German battleship "Bismarck" and heavy cruiser "Prinz Eugen" on 18–27 May 1941, during World War II. This operation to block Allied shipping to the United Kingdom culminated with the sinking of "Bismarck". Context_7 : USS "Birmingham" (CL-62), a "Cleveland"-class light cruiser named for the city of Birmingham, Alabama, the "Steel City", was laid down at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company of Newport News, Virginia on 17 February 1941 and launched on 20 March 1942 by Mrs. Cooper Green, wife of the president of the Birmingham City Commission. She was commissioned on 29 January 1943, Captain John Wilkes in command. "Birmingham" was one of the "fightingest" ships of the Navy and suffered heavy damage on at least three occasions. Context_8 : The Action of 8 June 1945, sometimes called the Sinking of "Ashigara" was a naval action that resulted in the sinking of the heavy cruiser "Ashigara" of the Imperial Japanese Navy by the British Royal Navy submarine HMS "Trenchant" . "Ashigara"—which was being escorted by the destroyer "Kamikaze" —was being used to transport troops from Indonesia for the defence of Singapore and the sinking resulted in a huge loss of life. Context_9 : HMS "Cornwall", pennant number 56, was a County-class heavy cruiser of the "Kent" sub-class built for the Royal Navy in the mid-1920s. The ship spent most of her pre-World War II career assigned to the China Station. Shortly after the war began in August 1939, she was assigned to search for German commerce raiders in the Indian Ocean. "Cornwall" was transferred to the South Atlantic in late 1939 where she escorted convoys before returning to the Indian Ocean in 1941. She then sank the German auxiliary cruiser "Pinguin" in May. After the start of the Pacific War in December 1941, she began escorting convoys until she was transferred to the Eastern Fleet in March 1942. The ship was sunk on 5 April by dive bombers from three Japanese aircraft carriers during the Indian Ocean Raid. Context_10 : San Demetrio London is a 1943 British World War II docudrama based on the true story of the 1940 salvage of the tanker MV "San Demetrio" by some of her own crew, who reboarded her after she had been set on fire by the German heavy cruiser "Admiral Scheer" and then abandoned, during the Battle of the Atlantic. The film was produced by Michael Balcon for Ealing Studios and directed by Charles Frend. fact_1 : Oscarsborg Fortress (Norwegian: Oscarsborg festning ) is a coastal fortress in the Oslofjord, close to the small town of Drøbak. fact_2 :  The fortress is best known for sinking the German heavy cruiser "Blücher" on 9 April 1940. fact_3 : Blücher was the second of five "Admiral Hipper"-class heavy cruisers of Nazi Germany's "Kriegsmarine", built after the rise of the Nazi Party and the repudiation of the Treaty of Versailles. fact_4 :  Named for Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, the Prussian victor of the Battle of Waterloo, the ship was laid down in August 1936 and launched in June 1937. Question: Oscarsborg Fortress is best known for sinking the  German heavy cruiser named for the Prussian victor of what?

SOLUTION: the Battle of Waterloo

PROBLEM: Context_1 : The Keep the Clause campaign was a privately funded political campaign organised in 2000 with the aim of resisting the repeal of legislation known as Clause 28 of the Local Government Act 1988 in Scotland and the United Kingdom, which forbade local authorities to "intentionally promote homosexuality". (Clause 28 was known as Section 2A of the relevant Scottish legislation). The campaign involved the first privately funded referendum to take place across Scotland. The campaign was ultimately unsuccessful. Context_2 : The Google Lunar XPRIZE (GLXP), sometimes referred to as Moon 2.0, is an inducement prize space competition organized by XPRIZE, and sponsored by Google. The challenge calls for privately funded spaceflight teams to be the first to land a privately funded robotic spacecraft on the Moon, travel 500 meters, and transmit back high-definition video and images. Context_3 : The Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery is a public-private biomedical research partnership that is located on the University of Wisconsin–Madison campus. It consists of two institutions: the privately funded Morgridge Institute for Research, and the publicly funded Wisconsin Institute for Discovery. Both institutes opened in 2010. The publicly funded institute is headed by David Krakauer, and the privately funded institute is led by chief executive officer Brad Schwartz. Jo Handelsman has been appointed as Director of the Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, effective on February 1, 2017. Context_4 : Tanoto Foundation is a privately funded non-profit organisation founded by Indonesian entrepreneur Sukanto Tanoto and his wife Tinah Bingei Tanoto. The Foundation focuses mainly on poverty alleviation, funding and developing programs aimed at improving access and quality to education, empowering rural and under-privileged communities to be self-sufficient, and enhancing rural quality of life. The Foundation operates in countries in which Tanoto has business presence. Context_5 : William Grant Still (May 11, 1895 – December 3, 1978) was an American composer, who composed more than 150 works, including five symphonies and eight operas. Context_6 : The Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters (MIAL) is a privately funded foundation created to recognize annually the greatest accomplishments in art, music, literature, and photography among Mississippians. The idea was conceived by, among others, former Mississippi Governor William Winter, Dr. Cora Norman, Dr. Aubrey Lucas, and Dr. Noel Polk in 1978, and the first awards were given out in 1980. Nominations for these awards may be made only by registered members of the Institute. The winners are chosen by a jury of prominent academics in each of the seven fields: Fiction, Non-fiction, Visual Art, Concert Musical Composition, Popular Musical Composition, Photography, and Poetry. The ceremony is held in a different Mississippi city each year. Past winners have included Walker Percy, Ellen Douglas, Ellen Gilchrist, Richard Ford, Larry Brown, Rick Bass, Lewis Nordan, Beverly Lowry, Donna Tartt, Clifton Taulbert, Barry Hannah, Willie Morris, Leontyne Price, Cynthia Shearer, Stephen Ambrose, Steve Yarbrough, Tom Franklin, Brad Watson, Shelby Foote, Natasha Trethewey, Birney Imes, Maude Schyler Clay, William Grant Still, Morgan Freeman, Christopher Maurer, Wyatt Waters, Logan Skelton, and many others. Lifetime achievement awards have been presented to artists such as Gulf Coast painter and potter Walter Anderson, Jackson writer Eudora Welty, and the distinguished film actor from the Delta, Morgan Freeman. Context_7 : The NEXT Foundation is a privately funded New Zealand philanthropic foundation that was launched in March 2014. It has a mandate to invest $100 million over 10 years into environmental and educational projects that will benefit New Zealanders. NEXT Foundation is aiming to make large-scale commitments of approximately $5–15 million per annum over 10 years to a small number of projects. Context_8 : Operation USA (also known as OpUSA, Operation California, or OpCal) is a non profit humanitarian organization dedicated to helping communities alleviate the effects of disaster, disease, and endemic poverty throughout the world by providing privately funded relief, reconstruction, humanitarian aid and development aid. It is exclusively privately funded, receiving no assistance from the United States federal government. OPUSA had a revenue of over $22 million in fiscal year 2012 and has shipped over $425 million worth of "high-priority medical, nutritional and shelter supplies" since its inception, including shipments to Haiti, Japan, Chile, Kenya and Pakistan in 2011 and 2011. Context_9 : Claude Moore Colonial Farm, originally Turkey Run Farm, is a U.S. park in Virginia recreating and reenacting life on a tenant farm c. 1771. Turkey Run is the only privately run park in the U.S. National Park Service (NPS). The Friends of Claude Moore Colonial Farm at Turkey Run Inc., a privately funded foundation, pays for all activities on the farm, while the land is owned by the NPS. They receive only certain maintenance tasks from the Park Service. The Farm is located in Langley, Virginia, a suburb of McLean, Virginia, next to the George Bush Center for Intelligence and the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center. Market Fair events are held at the park. Context_10 : Soyuz TM-30 (Russian: Союз ТМ-30 , "Union TM-30"), also known as Mir EO-28, was a Soyuz mission, the 39th and final human spaceflight to the Mir space station. The crew of the mission was sent by MirCorp, a privately funded company, to reactivate and repair the station. The crew also resupplied the station and boosted the station to an orbit with a low point (perigee) of 360 and a high point (apogee) of 378 kilometers (223 and 235 miles, respectively). The boost in the station's orbit, which was done by utilizing the engines of the Progress M1-1 and M1-2 spacecraft, made transit between Mir and the International Space Station impossible, as desired by NASA. The mission was the first privately funded mission to a space station. fact_1 :  The idea was conceived by, among others, former Mississippi Governor William Winter, Dr. Cora Norman, Dr. Aubrey Lucas, and Dr. Noel Polk in 1978, and the first awards were given out in 1980. fact_2 :  Past winners have included Walker Percy, Ellen Douglas, Ellen Gilchrist, Richard Ford, Larry Brown, Rick Bass, Lewis Nordan, Beverly Lowry, Donna Tartt, Clifton Taulbert, Barry Hannah, Willie Morris, Leontyne Price, Cynthia Shearer, Stephen Ambrose, Steve Yarbrough, Tom Franklin, Brad Watson, Shelby Foote, Natasha Trethewey, Birney Imes, Maude Schyler Clay, William Grant Still, Morgan Freeman, Christopher Maurer, Wyatt Waters, Logan Skelton, and many others. fact_3 : William Grant Still (May 11, 1895 – December 3, 1978) was an American composer, who composed more than 150 works, including five symphonies and eight operas. Question: What American composer was recognized by a privately funded foundation that was concevied in 1978?

SOLUTION: William Grant Still

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Halleck: Lincoln's Chief of Staff is the biography of Union Army General-in-Chief Henry Halleck written by Stephen E. Ambrose and published in 1962. In this book, Ambrose provides an interpretation contrary to previous assessments of this "controversial figure" from the American Civil War. Context_2 : John Rodgers Meigs (February 9, 1842 – October 3, 1864) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was the son of Brigadier General Montgomery C. Meigs, the Quartermaster General of the United States Army. He participated in the First Battle of Bull Run, and later testified in the court-martial trial of an officer involved in the retreat from the battle. He attended the United States Military Academy, where he was an acting assistant professor of mathematics and graduated first in his class in June 1863. He was lauded by Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton for strengthening the defenses of Baltimore, Maryland; was an engineer and acting aide-de-camp on the staff of Brigadier General (Volunteers) William W. Averell; was Chief Engineer of the Shenandoah Valley for the Department of West Virginia; and was Chief Engineer of the Middle Military Division and aide-de-camp to General Phillip Sheridan. The circumstances under which Meigs died led to the burning of Dayton, Virginia, in retaliation. His funeral was a public event attended by President Abraham Lincoln, Stanton, and numerous government dignitaries. A book of Meigs' letters were published in 2006 under the title "A Civil War Soldier of Christ and Country: The Selected Correspondence of John Rodgers Meigs, 1859-64". Context_3 : Vice Admiral Sir Neil Dudley Anderson, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (5 April 1927 – 5 June 2010) was a senior officer in the Royal New Zealand Navy whose career culminated with his appointment as Chief of Naval Staff from 1978 to 1980, and then Chief of Defence Staff from 1980 to 1983. He was married to the author Barbara Anderson. He died on 5 June 2010 aged 83. Context_4 : Philip Gefter is an American author and photography critic. He wrote the biography of Sam Wagstaff, "Wagstaff: Before and After Mapplethorpe", for which he received the 2014 Marfield Prize, the national award for arts writing. He is also the author of "George Dureau: The Photographs", and "Photography After Frank", a book of essays published by "Aperture" in 2009. He was on staff at "The New York Times" for over fifteen years, where he wrote regularly about photography. He produced the 2011 documentary film, "Bill Cunningham New York". Context_5 : Leonard Wong is a Research Professor of Military Strategy (Human and Organizational Dimensions) in the Strategic Studies Institute at the U.S. Army War College, who focuses on the human and organizational dimensions of the military, and is a published author on leadership strategy. Wong is a registered professional engineer and holds a Bachelor of Science from the United States Military Academy, and an M.S.B.A. and Ph.D. from Texas Tech University. His 1992 thesis was on "The effects of cohesion on organizational performance: a test of two models" using performance data of unit battles at the U.S. Army's National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California. He joined the Strategic Studies Institute in July 2000 after serving 20 years in the United States Army, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel. His army career included assignments teaching leadership at West Point, serving as an analyst in the Office of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army and in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, and serving as the Director of the Office of Economic and Manpower Analysis (OEMA). He has authored several articles, chapters, and papers on organizational issues in the Army such as downsizing, leadership, junior officer retention, professionalism, and innovation in the military. Context_6 : Zhao Jingyi (趙敬怡) (d. March 24, 929) was a general of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Later Tang, serving as one of emperor's chiefs of staff ("Shumishi") from 928 to 929. Prior to serving as chief of staff, he was the deputy military governor of Tianxiong Circuit (天雄, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei). He died in office as "Shumishi". As there was no biography for him in the "Old History of the Five Dynasties" or the "New History of the Five Dynasties", there is otherwise no extant record of his career. Context_7 : Robert Lewis Dabney (March 5, 1820 – January 3, 1898) was an American Christian theologian, Southern Presbyterian pastor, Confederate States Army chaplain, and architect. He was also chief of staff and biographer to Stonewall Jackson. His biography of Jackson remains in print today. Context_8 : David Henderson (born 1927) is a British economist. He was the chief economist at the Economics and Statistics Department at the OECD in 1984–1992. Before that he worked as an academic economist in Britain, first at Oxford (Fellow of Lincoln College) and later at University College London (Professor of Economics, 1975–1983); as a British civil servant (first as an Economic Advisor in HM Treasury, and later as Chief Economist in the Ministry of Aviation); and as a staff member of the World Bank (1969–1975). In 1985 he gave the BBC Reith Lectures, which were published in the book "Innocence and Design: The Influence of Economic Ideas on Policy" (Blackwell, 1986). Context_9 : The Monk Who Became Chief Minister is a biography of Yogi Adityanath, the 21st Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. It is written by Shantanu Gupta, an Indian Author and Political Analyst. The book has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing, India and came out on August 25, 2017. The cover of the biography was released on 23 July 2017 at an event of CREDAI at Lucknow. Context_10 : Stephen Edward Ambrose (January 10, 1936 – October 13, 2002) was an American historian and biographer of U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon. He was a longtime professor of history at the University of New Orleans and the author of many bestselling volumes of American popular history. fact_1 : Halleck: Lincoln's Chief of Staff is the biography of Union Army General-in-Chief Henry Halleck written by Stephen E. Ambrose and published in 1962. fact_2 : Stephen Edward Ambrose (January 10, 1936 – October 13, 2002) was an American historian and biographer of U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon. Question: What is the narionality of the author of the biography Halleck: Lincoln's Chief of Staff ?

SOLUTION:
American