TASK DEFINITION: Generate an explanation for the given claim using the provided supporting material from the paragraph. Please consider the following points while generating an output. 1) The claim will always have supporting proof in the paragraph, and the paragraph will have a clear point of view supporting the claim. 2) There can be instances where direct correlation to the claim is not available. Make use of the sentences in the paragraph to provide a corresponding output supporting the claim. 3) The explanation should be at least one and at most twelve sentences long.
PROBLEM: Paragraph: "The story states that US sales for the product hit $99 million in 2008. But it never explained the cost to the individual. The study ""found no effect,"" the story states succinctly. The story said the researchers found the product to be safe. But it could have mentioned that the National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine states ""Side effects of ginkgo may include headache, nausea, gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, dizziness, or allergic skin reactions. More severe allergic reactions have occasionally been reported."" Although the discussion was brief, it did refer to the study as ""properly designed"" and ""placebo controlled."" There was no disease-mongering of dementia or cognitive decline. 3 short quotes with different perspectives, presented in balance. In a story based on a study that pokes holes in some peoples’ beliefs about a product to prevent cognitive decline, there could have been at least one line about other research into cognitive decline. The widespread use of the product is clear in the story. The story states that the product has been in use for more than 500 years. We can’t be sure of the extent to which the story was influenced by a news release. it apparently did lift one quote from a news release/statement." Claim: Study: Ginkgo biloba has no effect on Alzheimer’s, dementia

SOLUTION: In fewer words than its HealthDay competitor (404 words vs. 740), this story did a slightly better job on providing context and balance. Americans spend about $100 million a year on this stuff.

PROBLEM: Paragraph: WisCorps has hired someone with a visual impairment and another person with a physical disability to work on erosion control and planting in neighborhood parks, and building accessible gardens this summer, Wisconsin Public Radio (http://bit.ly/2s8XH2P) reported. WisCorps Executive Director Matthew Brantner said the group is being called the Inclusive Crew. “Whether it’s a physical barrier or just a barrier to entry into the workforce, we want to be able to remove that and get young people into the workforce and have young people of all abilities come in and conserve our state’s natural resources and revitalize our communities,” he said. The goal is to expand the concept to all of the program’s work crews by next summer, he said. More than 40 percent of people with disabilities in the state are unemployed, according to 2016 statistics. Inclusive Crew program coordinator Andrea Frisch says she hopes to make nature available to everyone. “Scientifically, there are studies that say spending time in nature you have better outcomes for stress management,” she said. “Some individuals with different disabilities, for example autism, being outdoors and doing nature activities helps people focus and helps people experience things that they wouldn’t typically experience.” ___ Information from: Wisconsin Public Radio, http://www.wpr.org Claim: Conservation program hopes to help people of all abilities.

SOLUTION: An environmental conservation program based in western Wisconsin plans to expand its work opportunities and environmental education program to people of all abilities.

PROBLEM: Paragraph: The compound, from Danish biotech firm Santaris Pharma,  works by blocking or “silencing” microRNAs — tiny strands of  RNA, or ribonucleic acid, that help turn genes into proteins. The ground-breaking study is the first demonstration of  microRNA silencing in primates and an early endorsement of the  technique. Phase I safety trials are now planned in humans. Unlike other drugs in the hotly pursued RNA interference  field, the new designer molecule, known as Locked Nucleic Acid  (LNA), can be given as a simple injection rather than having to  be delivered direct to affected tissue. “We think LNA is a one-stop shop for silencing,” Santaris  Chief Executive Keith McCullagh told reporters. Scientists from Santaris and the University of Copenhagen  lowered total cholesterol in African green monkeys by up to 30  percent, without ill effects, by targeting a microRNA linked to  genes in the liver that are involved in cholesterol metabolism. The results were published in the journal Nature, along  with other test-tube research showing that LNA effectively  blocks the production of hepatitis C virus in human liver  cells. Santaris intends to test its first LNA compounds in humans  by the middle of this year but it will take at least five years  before any medicine is ready for submission for approval. While the cholesterol effect is interesting, McCullagh said  the most promising opportunity actually lay in pursuing LNA as  a treatment for hepatitis C, a poorly treated viral disease  that can cause serious liver damage. Further ahead, LNA could also have a role to play in other  infectious diseases, as well as cancer and autoimmune  disorders, since many disease-associated genes are regulated by  microRNAs. “There are great prospects for future drug development both  for liver diseases and other disease types, and Europe has the  potential to match the USA in this area,” said Mike Gait at the  MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge. Up until now, U.S. firms such as Alnylam Pharmaceuticals  Inc and Sirna Therapeutics — which was bought by Merck & Co  Inc for $1.1 billion in October 2006 — have led the field in  RNA interference. Santaris last year signed a pact that could earn it more  than $700 million with GlaxoSmithKline Plc, giving Europe’s  biggest drugmaker the right to develop certain products as  antiviral medicines. That alliance did not include the new  technology but McCullagh said Santaris could potentially extend  the Glaxo deal. For a story on Santaris Pharma’s possible IPO, please click  on Claim: "New kind of gene ""silencing"" drug works in monkeys."

SOLUTION:
A new class of drug that fine tunes the  action of genes has been shown to cut cholesterol in monkeys  and may fight a range of ills, including hepatitis C and  perhaps cancer, scientists said on Wednesday.