In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Q: Together with a Dutchman, this man is the namesake of the reverse of the Barnett effect, and he is also the namesake of a relation that states the diffusion coefficients of ions are proportional to temperature. Together with an Indian scientist, he is the namesake of a type of matter whose behavior is governed by the GrossPitaevskii equation, and a statistics for determining the distribution of bosons. He won the Nobel Prize for the law of the photoelectric effect, which he discovered in his spare time while working in the Swiss patent office. FTP name this scientist who formulated the theory of relativity and proposed that E equals mc squared.

A: Science
****
Q: The theory in which these particles appear is an SU(3) gauge theory, and particles composed only of them are predicted to exist, but the only candidate known, f(1710), decays too quickly into K-mesons. During the first ten microseconds after the Big Bang, the state of matter where hadrons are decomposed that was said to have formed is known as a plasma of quarks and these particles. A vector gauge boson of spin 1, they have only two polarization states and have eight independent types, and although their exchange results in a change of color, the quarks maintains the balance of color. Carriers of the strong nuclear force, these are, FTP, which subatomic particles that cause quarks to interact and thus the binding of protons and neutrons in nuclei

A: Science
****
Q: Using a Lucite or Kundt tube, this quantity can be determined experimentally by examining the sequence of Lissajous curves as the measuring apparatus is moved. The Prandtl-Glauert transformation breaks down at this value as it predicts an object at it would experience infinite pressure. It's often derived as the square root of the adiabatic constant times gas constant times Kelvin temperature over molecular weight, which is why it is commonly approximated for the atmosphere as (*) 331.45 plus 0.61 times Celsius temperature. Often determined in physics labs with a resonance tube or tuning fork, the shock waves formed when this quantity is exceeded give rise to a sonic boom. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to Mach 1, the speed at which acoustic waves travel in a given medium.

A:
Science
****