TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: The theory in which these particles appear is an SU(3) gauge theory, and particles composed only of them are predicted to exist, but the only candidate known, f(1710), decays too quickly into K-mesons. During the first ten microseconds after the Big Bang, the state of matter where hadrons are decomposed that was said to have formed is known as a plasma of quarks and these particles. A vector gauge boson of spin 1, they have only two polarization states and have eight independent types, and although their exchange results in a change of color, the quarks maintains the balance of color. Carriers of the strong nuclear force, these are, FTP, which subatomic particles that cause quarks to interact and thus the binding of protons and neutrons in nuclei

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: Seas of calcite predominate during times of low concentration of this element. The NIMS probe discovered that Ganymede has a sulfate of this element, which is also used to treat eclampsia. Its molten form is used to make metallic titanium in the Kroll process. The active site of rubisco contains a carbamylated lysine attached to an ion of this element. Its cationic form is used to stabilize the product of PCR, and it is also prevalent in certain reagents in a Schlenck equilibrium. It is found in Grignard reagents as well as coordinated to the porphyrin ring of chlorophyll. For 10 points, name this element with atomic number 12 and symbol Mg.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: The government of this polity was based on the Ordinances of Justice developed by Giano della Bella, and one prominent post in this city was the Gonfaloniere of Justice. After the murder of the Abbot of Vallombrosa, this city's forces were dealt a crushing defeat at the Battle of Montaperti due to the treachery of Bocca degli Abati. Later, this city fought the War of the Eight Saints against Pope Gregory XI, leading to the end of the Avignon Papacy. That same year saw a revolt of wool carders demanding inclusion in this city's trade guilds. That Revolt of the Ciompi was suppressed by an ancestor of this city's ruling family, which would later be targeted by the Pazzi Conspiracy, feud with the monk Savonarola, and produce members such as Cosimo and Lorenzo the Magnificent. For 10 points, name this birthplace of the Italian Renaissance, a city on the Arno long ruled by the Medici.

SOLUTION:
History