In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Ex Input:
is tied to the challenged retaliatory act, not the' underlying conduct that forms the basis of the Title VII complaint”). 1. Basic Contributor Rating LMC does not dispute that a basic contributor rating is an adverse employment action and that the action took place after Dr. Chawla’s August 2, 2011 and September 22, 2011 complaints. On September. 29, 2011, Mr. Hooker was notified that he was the subject of an investigation of Dr. Chawla’s complaints. Docket No. 37-2 at 5. However, Dr. Chawla does not contest that Mr. Nichols had a role in assigning the basic contributor rating and identified no specific facts upon which to conclude that Mr. Nichols was aware of Dr. Chawla’s prior complaints of discrimi nation. See Hinds v. Sprint/United Mgm’t Co., 523 F.3d 1187, 1203 (10th Cir.2008) (<HOLDING>). Dr. Chawla also does not attack the stated 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that in order to show a causal connection plaintiff must present evidence from which a reasonable factfinder could conclude that those who decided to fire him had knowledge of his protected activity (B) holding that to establish a causal connection plaintiff must show that the individual who took adverse action against him knew of the employees protected activity (C) holding that to show a causal connection the plaintiff must demonstrate a relationship between the misconduct and the plaintiffs injury (D) holding that the plaintiff failed to show retaliation where there was no evidence that the employees who disciplined him knew of his protected activity (E) holding that in addition to temporal proximity plaintiff must show further evidence supporting a causal connection

Ex Output:
holding that to establish a causal connection plaintiff must show that the individual who took adverse action against him knew of the employees protected activity


Ex Input:
198, ¶ 15, 761 A.2d 291 (adopting the view that we should not "anticipate a question of constitutional law in advance of the necessity of deciding it” (quotation marks omitted)). 12 . In fact, the court already could have terminated the guardianship. The mother represented in her first four affidavits that the child's father was unknown. There is now no dispute that she believed R.M. to be the father, and informed him and the court of that fact just weeks after filing her affidavit. When, in January of 2010, the court realized that the father had been identified, it could have terminated the guardianship because it was based on the fraud or misrepresentation of the mother. See 18-A M.R.S. § 5-204; M.R. Civ. P. 60(b)(3); Presnell v. Peoples Heritage Bank, 619 A.2d 1205, 1206 (Me.1993) (<HOLDING>). Indeed, the guardianship may no longer exist 
 Holding statements: (A) recognizing the courts inherent sua sponte powers in certain circumstances to allow it to manage its own affairs so as to achieve the orderly and expeditious disposition of cases in the furtherance of justice quotation marks omitted (B) recognizing inherent power in the courts to preserve the efficient and expeditious administration of justice and protect it from being impaired or destroyed (C) recognizing a district judge may dismiss a case sua sponte under either rule 41b or its inherent authority to manage its docket (D) recognizing every federal appellate court has a special obligation to consider its own jurisdiction even if it must do so sua sponte (E) holding that the right to choose counsel cannot be manipulated so as to obstruct the orderly procedure in the courts or to interfere with the fair administration of justice

Ex Output:
recognizing inherent power in the courts to preserve the efficient and expeditious administration of justice and protect it from being impaired or destroyed


Ex Input:
to him, Martinez has not adduced competent evidence that Hubbard intentionally discriminated against him because of his race. Though Martinez claims that Hubbard lacked reasonable suspicion to stop the Acura, as I -noted .above* there is no genuine dispute that Hubbard discovered that, the Acura’s license plates were stolen before pulling the vehicle over. Thus, it is undisputed that Hubbard had a non-discriminatory reason to initiate the stop. Courts have held that a plaintiffs equal protection claim may stand even if his arrest was valid and supported by probable cause when the plaintiff sufficiently alleged and provided evidence of intentional discrimination on the basis of race or another protected, class. See, e.g., Johnson v. Morel, 876 F.2d 477, 479 (5th Cir.1989) (per curiam) (<HOLDING>), overruled on other grounds, Harper v. Harris 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that the equal protection clause forbids the prosecution from challenging potential jurors solely on the basis of race or assumptions drawn from their race (B) holding that the equal protection clause forbids prosecutors from challenging potential jurors solely on account of their race (C) holding that lprs are entitled to the protection of the equal protection clause (D) holding that the equal protection clause also prohibits discrimination in jury selection on the basis of gender (E) holding that plaintiff stated viable equal  protection clause claim where officer humiliated and harassed the plaintiff on basis of race prior to and during a lawful arrest

Ex Output:

holding that the equal protection clause forbids the prosecution from challenging potential jurors solely on the basis of race or assumptions drawn from their race