In this task your given two statements. You must judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label the instances as "cause" or "effect" based on your judgment. The sentences are separated by a newline character.

[Q]: Activists boycotted the products.
The products were manufactured through child labor.
[A]: cause


[Q]: The man defied the authorities of the church.
He was excommunicated from the church.
[A]: effect


[Q]: The employees formed a union.
They wanted better working conditions.
[A]:
cause