Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Cervical carcinoma is the second most common malignancy in females and most of the cases are found in developing countries. The objectives of the present study were (a): to demonstrate the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of Achillea falcata (A.falcata) extract in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and (b): to study the effect of the extract on cellular morphology, cell cycle phase distribution and mitochondrial membrane potential.', 'MTT assay was used to evaluate the anticancer effect of the extract on HeLa cells. Phase contrast, fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the morphological changes in these cancer cells after extract treatment. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effects of the extract on cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential.', 'The results revealed that A. falcata extract led to a significant antiproliferative effect in HeLa cancer cells. The extract induced cellular shrinkage, chromatin condensation and appearance of apoptotic bodies which are the hallmarks of cellular apoptosis. TEM results showed that extract-treated cells had nuclear membrane which was hemispherical and the nuclear chromatin was concentrated and bundled on the inner border of karyotheca. The endoplasmic reticulum also became enlarged in the inner segment. The extract also induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest along with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.

Ex Output:
Are antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of the ethanolic herbal extract of Achillea falcata in human cervical cancer cells mediated via cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial membrane potential loss?


Ex Input:
The disturbance of mitochondrial functions has been considered as one of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP) followed by kidney failure. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of methylene blue (MB) on pancreas and kidney mitochondrial respiratory functions during experimental acute pancreatitis in rats.', 'AP was induced by administrating sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct of male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups: the MB group, MB (5\u2009mg/kg) was injected intravenously 10\u2009min prior to AP induction; the AP group, saline solution was injected intravenously 10\u2009min prior to AP induction; and the sham operation group, isotonic sodium chlorine was used instead of sodium taurocholate. The animals were sacrificed after 24\u2009h. The pancreas and kidney were removed for mitochondrial assay by oxygraphic and spectrophotometric methods.', 'Intravenous injection of MB did not prevent AP-induced inhibition of pancreatic mitochondrial respiration; however, MB significantly improved kidney mitochondrial respiratory functions with complex I-dependent substrates glutamate and malate. The activity of complex I of mitochondria isolated from AP-damaged kidney was increased after pretreatment with MB. However, MB did not affect AP-inhibited kidney mitochondrial respiration with succinate. MB had no protective effects on amylase activity or on urea content in serum in AP.

Ex Output:
Does methylene blue attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction of rat kidney during experimental acute pancreatitis?


Ex Input:
Asthma morbidity and mortality is highest among inner-city populations. Suboptimal beliefs about the chronicity of asthma may perpetuate poor asthma control among inner-city asthmatics. This study sought to characterize beliefs about the chronicity of disease and its correlates in a cohort of inner-city adults with persistent asthma.', 'Prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study.', 'One hundred ninety-eight adults hospitalized with asthma over a 12-month period at an inner-city teaching hospital.', 'Sociodemographics, clinical history, disease beliefs, and self-management behaviors were collected by interview. Information on self-reported use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), peak flowmeters, and regular asthma visits was collected during hospitalization, and 1 month and 6 months after discharge.', 'This cohort was predominantly low income and nonwhite, with high rates of prior intubation, oral steroid use, and emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Overall, 53% of patients believed they only had asthma when they were having symptoms, what we call the no symptoms, no asthma belief. Men patients, those > or = 65 years old, and those with no usual place of care had greater odds of having the no symptoms, no asthma belief, and those receiving oral steroids all or most of the time or with symptoms most days had half the odds of having this belief (p < 0.05 for all). The no symptoms, no asthma belief was negatively associated with beliefs about always having asthma, having lung inflammation, or the importance of using ICS, and was positively associated with expecting to be cured. The acute disease belief was associated with one-third lower odds of adherence to ICS when asymptomatic at all three time periods (p < 0.02 for all).

Ex Output:

Is no symptoms , no asthma : the acute episodic disease belief associated with poor self-management among inner-city adults with persistent asthma?