Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is associated with inflammatory processes and cancer formation through production of nitric oxide (NO). However, the clinical importance of the expression of iNOS in oral cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we examined whether up-regulation of the iNOS gene can affect growth and metastasis of an oral cancer cell line (B88t cell) in vitro and in vivo.', 'We constructed an expression vector containing sense-oriented murine iNOS cDNA with pcDNA3.1. We transfected B88t cells with the sense expression vector to up-regulate the expression of the iNOS gene in the sense transfectants.', 'The expression of iNOS protein was up-regulated in the sense transfectants and that up-regulation of the iNOS gene exerted a growth inhibitory effect on B88t cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, up-regulation of the iNOS gene markedly inhibited the migration of cancer cells in a Boyden chamber. Furthermore, up-regulation of the iNOS gene dramatically inhibited metastases to the cervical lymph node in vivo.

Ex Output:
Does overexpression of iNOS gene suppress the tumorigenicity and metastasis of oral cancer cells?


Ex Input:
Immunologic abnormalities have been found in bipolar disorder but pentraxin 3, a marker of innate immunity, has not been studied in this population.', 'Levels of pentraxin 3 were measured in individuals with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and non-psychiatric controls. Linear regression models were used to compare the pentraxin 3 levels in each of the psychiatric groups to that in the control group, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios associated with levels of pentraxin 3 which differed from specified levels of the control group.', 'The sample consisted of 831 individuals: 256 with bipolar disorder, 309 with schizophrenia, and 266 without a psychiatric disorder. The levels of pentraxin 3 in the bipolar disorder, but not in the schizophrenia, group were significantly lower than those of controls, adjusting for age, gender, race, maternal education, smoking status, and body mass index (t = -3.78, p < 0.001). The individuals with bipolar disorder also had significantly increased odds of having low levels of pentraxin 3 relative to both the 10th and 25th percentile level of the controls and significantly decreased odds of having a level greater than the 75th and the 90th percentile level of the controls, adjusting for the same covariates.

Ex Output:
Is pentraxin 3 reduced in bipolar disorder?


Ex Input:
The purpose of the study was to determine whether racial differences exist in the pattern of local disease progression among men treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer (PCa), which is currently unknown. In this study we evaluated the pattern of adverse pathologic features in an identical cohort of African-American (AA) and Caucasian (CS) men with PCa.', 'The overall cohort consisted of 1104 men (224 AA, and 880 CS) who underwent RP between 1990 and 2012. We compared preoperative factors and pathologic outcomes after RP across race groups. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors predictive of adverse pathologic outcomes. The effect of race on adverse pathologic outcomes and biochemical control rate (BCR) was evaluated using multivariate regression model and Kaplan-Meier analysis.', 'The 10-year BCR was 59% versus 82% in AA and CS men, respectively (P = .003). There was no significant difference in extraprostatic spread (P = .14), positive surgical margin (P = .81), lymph node involvement (P = .71), or adverse pathologic features (P = .16) across race groups. However, among patients with ≥ 1 adverse pathologic features, AA men had higher rate of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) compared with CS men (51% vs. 30%; P = .01). After adjusting for known predictors of adverse pathologic features AA race remained a predictor of SVI.

Ex Output:

Is african-american race a predictor of seminal vesicle invasion after radical prostatectomy?