In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

Q: OF CONFLICTS.

    To the extent permitted by law, disagreements or conflicts between 
or among agency heads or between OMB and any agency that cannot be 
resolved by the Administrator of OIRA shall be resolved by the 
President or a designee of the President.

SEC. 8. PUBLICATION.

    Except to the extent required by law, an agency shall not publish 
in the Federal Register or otherwise issue to the public any regulatory 
action that is subject to review under section 6 until--
            (1) the Administrator of OIRA notifies the agency that OIRA 
        has waived its review of the action or has completed its review 
        without any requests for further consideration, or
            (2) the applicable time period in section 6(b)(2) expires 
        without OIRA having notified the agency that it is returning 
        the regulatory action for further consideration under section 
        6(b)(3),
whichever occurs first. If the terms of the preceding sentence have not 
been satisfied and an agency wants to publish or otherwise issue a 
regulatory action, the head of that agency may request Presidential 
consideration through the Administrator of OIRA, as provided under 
section 8. Upon receipt of this request, the Administrator of OIRA 
shall notify the Advisers. The guidelines and time period set forth in 
section 8 shall apply to the publication of regulatory actions for 
which Presidential consideration has been sought.

SEC. 9. AGENCY AUTHORITY.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed as displacing the agencies' 
authority or responsibilities, as authorized by law.

SEC. 10. JUDICIAL REVIEW.

    Nothing in this Act shall affect any otherwise available judicial 
review of agency action. This Act is intended only to improve the 
internal management of the Federal Government and does not create any 
right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or 
equity by a party against the United States, its agencies or 
instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

SEC. 11. DEFINITIONS.

    For purposes of this Act:
            (1) The term ``Advisers'' refers to such regulatory policy 
        advisers to the President as the President and the 
        Administrator of OIRA may from time to time consult, including, 
        among others--
                    (A) the Director of OMB;
                    (B) the Chair (or another member) of the Council of 
                Economic Advisers;
                    (C) the Assistant to the President for Economic 
                Policy;
                    (D) the Assistant to the President for Domestic 
                Policy;
                    (E) the Assistant to the President for National 
                Security Affairs;
                    (F) the Assistant to the President for Science and 
                Technology;
                    (G) the Assistant to the President for 
                Intergovernmental Affairs;
                    (H) the Assistant to the President and Staff 
                Secretary;
                    (I) the Assistant to the President and Chief of 
                Staff to the Administrator of OIRA;
                    (J) the Assistant to the President and Counsel to 
                the President; and
                    (K) the Deputy Assistant to the President and 
                Director of the White House Office on Environmental 
                Policy.
            (2) Except as provided in section 4(f), the term ``agency'' 
        means any authority of the United States that is an ``agency'' 
        under section 3502(1) of title 44, United States Code, other 
        than those considered to be independent regulatory agencies, as 
        defined in section 3502(10) of title 44, United States Code.
            (3) The term ``Director'' means the Director of OMB.
            (4) The term ``regulation'' or ``rule'' means an agency 
        statement of general applicability and future effect, which the 
        agency intends to have the force and effect of law, that is 
        designed to implement, interpret, or prescribe law or policy or 
        to describe the procedure or practice requirements of an 
        agency. It does not, however, include--
                    (A) regulations or rules issued in accordance with 
                the formal rulemaking provisions of sections 556 and 
                557 of title 5, United States Code;
                    (B) regulations or rules that pertain to a military 
                or foreign affairs function of the United States, other 
                than procurement regulations and regulations involving 
                the import or export of non-defense articles and 
                services;
                    (C) regulations or rules that are limited to agency 
                organization, management, or personnel matters; or
                    (D) any other category of regulations exempted by 
                the Administrator of OIRA.
            (5) The term ``regulatory action'' means any substantive 
        action by an agency (normally published in the Federal 
        Register) that promulgates or is expected to lead to the 
        promulgation of a final rule or regulation, including notices 
        of inquiry, advance notices of proposed rulemaking, and notices 
        of proposed rulemaking.
            (6) The term ``significant regulatory action'' means any 
        regulatory action that is likely to result in a rule that may--
                    (A) have an annual effect on the economy of $100 
                million or more or adversely affect in a material way 
                the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, 
                competition, jobs, the environment, public health or 
                safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or 
                communities;
                    (B) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise 
                interfere with an action taken or planned by another 
                agency;
                    (C) materially alter the budgetary impact of 
                entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs or 
                the rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or
                    (D) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out 
                of legal mandates, the President's priorities, or the 
                principles set forth in this Act.

A: Government Regulatory Improvement and Performance Act of 1998 - Declares that:  (1) Federal agencies should promulgate only such regulations as are required by law, necessary to interpret the law, or necessary to protect and promote or improve the health and safety of the public, the environment, or the well-being of the American people; and (2) in deciding whether and how to regulate, agencies should assess all costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives, including the alternative of not regulating. 
Sets forth principles of regulation to ensure that the agencies' regulatory programs are consistent with such philosophy, including that each agency:  (1) identify the problem that it intends to address by regulation, assess its significance, and if possible conduct a risk analysis; (2) identify and assess available alternatives to direct regulation; (3) wherever feasible, seek views of appropriate State, local, and tribal officials before imposing requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect those governmental entities. 
(Sec. 3) Directs the Office of Management and Budget to carry out coordinated review of agency rulemaking.  Designates its Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) as the repository of expertise concerning regulatory issues. 
(Sec. 4) Directs the OIRA Administrator, early in each year's planning cycle, to convene a meeting of the regulatory policy advisers to the President and agency heads to seek a common understanding of priorities and to coordinate regulatory efforts for the upcoming year. 
Requires each agency to prepare:  (1) a unified regulatory agenda of all regulations under development or review; and (2) a regulatory plan of the most important significant regulatory actions that the agency reasonably expects to issue in that fiscal year or thereafter. 
Directs the Administrator to:  (1) convene and chair a regulatory working group, which shall meet at least quarterly, to assist agencies in identifying and analyzing important regulatory issues; (2) meet quarterly, along with agency heads, with representatives of State, local, and tribal governments to identify exiting and proposed regulations that may uniquely or significantly affect those governmental entities; and (3) convene periodic conferences with representatives of businesses, nongovernmental organizations, and the public to discuss regulatory issues. 
(Sec. 5) Requires that:  (1) each agency submit to OIRA a program under which the agency will periodically review its existing significant regulations; and (2) any significant regulations selected for review be included in the agency's annual plan, and the agency identify any legislative mandates that require the agency to promulgate or continue to impose unnecessary or outdated regulations. 
(Sec. 5) Requires each agency to:  (1) submit to the OIRA a program under which the agency will periodically review its existing significant regulations for possible modification or elimination; (2) provide the public with meaningful participation in the regulatory process and a meaningful opportunity to comment on any proposed regulation, generally including a comment period of not less than 60 days; and (2) explore and, where appropriate, use consensual mechanisms for developing regulations, including negotiated rulemaking. 
Directs:  (1) each agency head to designate a Regulatory Policy Office; (2) each agency to develop its regulatory actions in a timely fashion and adhere to specified procedures; (3) each agency to provide the OIRA with a list of its planned regulatory actions, including significant regulatory actions; and (4)  the Administrator to provide meaningful guidance and oversight. 
(Sec. 8) Prohibits an agency from publishing a regulation until the Administrator has waived review of the action, completed such review, or the review period has passed, whichever occurs first.
****
Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``United States Commission on 
Rebuilding America for the 21st Century Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) In 1808, Albert Gallatin, while serving as President 
        Thomas Jefferson's Secretary of the Treasury, reported to 
        Congress on the infrastructure investments needed by the young 
        Nation.
            (2) Gallatin's plan built on President George Washington's 
        vision of connecting the interior settlements of the Nation 
        with the markets and ports of the East Coast through a network 
        of roads and canals, and provided a roadmap for infrastructure 
        development in the 19th century.
            (3) In 1908, President Theodore Roosevelt convened a 
        conference of State and territorial governors, members of his 
        Cabinet and Congress, professional organizations, private 
        citizens, and government agencies to plan for the United States 
        conservation and infrastructure needs in the 20th century.
            (4) The resulting plan laid the groundwork for many of the 
        critical investments initiated by President Franklin D. 
        Roosevelt to jumpstart the Nation's recovery from the Great 
        Depression.
            (5) Today, as in 1808 and 1908, the United States is faced 
        with significant economic, environmental, and demographic 
        challenges.
            (6) To stave off the worst effects of global warming, the 
        United States will need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 
        significantly.
            (7) The Nation's population is projected to increase to 420 
        million by 2050, which is nearly a 50 percent increase from the 
        Nation's population size in 2000.
            (8) By 2050, more than 70 percent of the Nation's 
        population growth and economic growth is expected to take place 
        in extended networks of metropolitan regions linked by 
        environmental systems, transportation networks, economies, and 
        culture.
            (9) The National Surface Transportation Policy and Revenue 
        Study Commission recently calculated that maintaining the 
        Nation's existing transportation system over the next 50 years 
        will require $225 billion annually. The latest transportation 
        authorization, SAFETEA-LU, provided only $244 billion total for 
        the 5 years ending with fiscal year 2009.
            (10) The American Society of Civil Engineers has given the 
        Nation's public infrastructure, consisting of water, sewer, and 
        transportation systems, a grade of D-minus, estimating that it 
        will cost $1.6 trillion over the next 5 years merely to repair 
        the Nation's existing infrastructure.
            (11) The Nation's decaying water infrastructure and a lack 
        of available funding to maintain and upgrade the Nation's 
        wastewater infrastructure pose a serious threat to water 
        quality. More than 72,000 miles of municipal water and sewer 
        pipe are more than 80 years old, threatening the health, 
        environment, and economy of communities large and small.
            (12) Population growth and associated development will 
        place the Nation's water resources under increasing stress, 
        including increased pollutant loads, increased potential for 
        flooding, diminished drinking water supplies, loss of aquatic 
        habitat, and stream scouring and erosion. Global warming will 
        exacerbate existing water challenges and make other changes to 
        the natural hydrology, including more extreme storm events, 
        more frequent droughts, higher air and water temperatures, 
        changes in timing of stream flows, and sea level rise. New 
        technologies and a comprehensive strategy will be needed to 
        overcome these challenges and ensure a safe, adequate, 
        reliable, and sustainable water supply.
            (13) The Environmental Protection Agency, the Congressional 
        Budget Office, and other stakeholders have identified a funding 
        gap of between $300 billion and $400 billion over the next 20 
        years for the restoration and replacement of wastewater 
        infrastructure, and an additional $250 billion over the next 30 
        years will be needed to replace worn-out drinking water pipes 
        and associated structures.
            (14) From 1999 to 2009, the Nation's electricity demand 
        rose by nearly 20 percent while transmission capacity grew by 
        only 3.5 percent. To accommodate increased demand, and to 
        accommodate increased electrical supply from renewable sources 
        by 2050, electrical transmission infrastructure requires 
        significant investment.
            (15) The Nation's rural economy is dependant on 
        transportation and communications networks to grow and compete 
        in an increasingly globalized market.
            (16) Significant under-investment in public lands 
        infrastructure jeopardizes the tremendous conservation, 
        environmental, and mixed use benefits that these lands provide 
        the public.
            (17) Much of the Nation's infrastructure was built in the 
        last half of the 20th century and will reach its capacity 
        limits early in the 21st century. Unless new capacity is 
        created in roads, rails, airports, seaports, and other systems, 
        the Nation's economic potential will be artificially limited.
            (18) Since 1980, the number of miles people in the United 
        States drive has grown 3 times faster than the Nation's 
        population. Residents of walkable cities, however, drive 26 
        percent fewer miles per day than those living in the most 
        sprawling areas.
            (19) By 2050, 89 million new or replaced homes as well as 
        190 billion square feet of new offices, stores, and other 
        nonresidential buildings will be constructed.
            (20) By 2050, smart growth building policies could reduce 
        total transportation-related CO&lt;INF&gt;2&lt;/INF&gt; emissions by 7 to 
        10 percent.
            (21) Development of a bold national plan to overcome these 
        challenges by 2050 will allow the United States to respond in 
        the most economically and environmentally sustainable way.

SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT.

    There is established a commission to be known as the ``United 
States Commission on Rebuilding America for the 21st Century'' (in this 
Act referred to as the ``Commission'').

SEC. 4. MEMBERSHIP.

    (a) Appointment of Members.--The Commission shall be composed of 17 
members as follows:
            (1) Two members, including the chairman of the Commission, 
        to be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
            (2) Two members to be appointed by the majority leader of 
        the Senate.
            (3) Three members to be appointed jointly by the minority 
        leader of the House of Representatives and the minority leader 
        of the Senate.
            (4) One member to be appointed by the Administrator of the 
        Environmental Protection Agency.
            (5) One member to be appointed by the Secretary of 
        Transportation.
            (6) One member to be appointed by the Secretary of Housing 
        and Urban Development.
            (7) One member to be appointed by the Secretary of the 
        Interior.
            (8) One member to be appointed by the Secretary of Energy.
            (9) One member to be appointed by the President of the 
        Executive Committee of the Board of Directors of the National 
        Association of Counties, in consultation with the other members 
        of the Board.
            (10) One member to be appointed by the Chair of the 
        National Governors Association.
            (11) One member to be appointed by the Executive Director 
        of the National Conference of State Legislatures, in 
        consultation with the members of the Conference's executive 
        committee.
            (12) One member to be appointed by the President of the 
        Board of Directors of the National Association of Regional 
        Councils, in consultation with the other members of the Board.
            (13) One member to be appointed by the President of the 
        United States Conference of Mayors, in consultation with the 
        members of the Conference's executive board.
    (b) Dates of Appointments.--The initial member appointed to the 
Commission shall be the Chairman, as designated by the Speaker of the 
House of Representatives under subsection (a)(1). The remainder of the 
members of the Commission shall be appointed in the 30-day period 
beginning on the 30th day following the date of the appointment of the 
Chairman.
    (c) Qualifications.--
            (1) In general.--Each member of the Commission shall be 
        knowledgeable in--
                    (A) the fields of transportation finance, highway 
                and transit programs, and transportation policy;
                    (B) the fields of land use and housing policy, 
                including community planning and design;
                    (C) the fields of water supply, water 
                infrastructure, and water conservation policy; or
                    (D) the fields of energy supply, energy 
                infrastructure, and energy conservation policy.
            (2) Eligibility of certain representatives.--The members of 
        the Commission--
                    (A) may include representatives of State and local 
                governments, public transportation authorities, and 
                other appropriate governmental units; but
                    (B) may not include any member of the House of 
                Representatives, the Senate, or the President's 
                Cabinet.
    (d) Terms.--The members of the Commission shall be appointed for 
the life of the Commission.
    (e) Vacancies.--A vacancy on the Commission shall be filled 
promptly and in the manner in which the original appointment was made.
    (f) Meetings.--
            (1) Initial meeting.--Not later than 60 days after the last 
        day of the appointment period described in section 4(b), the 
        Commission shall hold the initial meeting of the Commission.
            (2) Meetings.--The Commission shall meet at the call of the 
        chairman of the Commission or a majority of its members.
            (3) Quorum.--A majority of the members of the Commission 
        shall constitute a quorum, but a lesser number of members may 
        hold hearings.
    (g) Pay.--Members of the Commission shall serve without pay.
    (h) Travel Expenses.--Each member of the Commission shall receive 
travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in 
accordance with applicable provisions under subchapter I of chapter 57 
of title 5, United States Code.

SEC. 5. DUTIES.

    (a) Review of Published Materials.--
            (1) In general.--The Commission shall review published 
        materials on the Nation's transportation, water, energy, public 
        lands, and housing infrastructure and, based on the review, 
        assess the challenges of meeting the Nation's infrastructure 
        needs in the 21st century.
            (2) Report to congress.--Not later than 120 days after the 
        last day of the appointment period described in section 4(b), 
        the Commission shall submit to Congress a report on the review 
        and assessment conducted under paragraph (1) and make the 
        report available to the public.
    (b) Public Hearings.--In order to facilitate a national dialogue on 
the Nation's infrastructure needs, the Commission shall hold public 
hearings in at least 50 congressional districts representing a cross-
section of the geographical regions of the United States, and consult 
with other interested persons, before submitting a final report under 
subsection (c)
    (c) Final Report.--
            (1) National vision of infrastructure investments.--Not 
        later than one year after the last day of the appointment 
        period described in section 4(b), the Commission shall prepare 
        and submit to Congress a report that--
                    (A) documents the challenges of meeting the 
                Nation's transportation, water, energy, public lands, 
                and housing infrastructure needs in the 21st century; 
                and
                    (B) articulates a national vision of infrastructure 
                investments to overcome the challenges.
            (2) Specific recommendations.--The report to be submitted 
        under paragraph (1) shall contain specific recommendations on 
        appropriate policies and investments, including integration of 
        existing programs, to provide the people of the United States 
        with--
                    (A) improved transportation mobility, choice, and 
                access to economic opportunities;
                    (B) streamlined investment processes to facilitate 
                State and local transportation investments;
                    (C) improved community health outcomes and social 
                equity;
                    (D) improved water conservation, quality, and 
                quantity;
                    (E) an efficient, vibrant, and flexible electric 
                grid that delivers clean, safe, and affordable energy;
                    (F) reductions in greenhouse gas emissions; and
                    (G) improved public lands infrastructure sufficient 
                to accommodate the growth in users without degrading 
                the environmental and conservation values of the public 
                lands.
            (3) Model principles.--The report to be submitted under 
        paragraph (1) shall contain a set of model principles to ensure 
        that future investments in the Nation's transportation, water, 
        energy, public lands, and housing infrastructure incorporate 
        the findings and recommendations contained in the report.

SEC. 6. POWERS.

    (a) Hearings and Sessions.--For the purpose of carrying out this 
Act, the Commission may hold such hearings, meet and act at such times 
and places, take such testimony, administer such oaths, and receive 
such evidence as the Commission considers appropriate.
    (b) Other Evidence.--The Commission shall gather evidence through 
such means as the Commission considers appropriate, including--
            (1) by soliciting comments through Federal Register 
        notices; and
            (2) by receiving testimony at public hearings conducted by 
        members of the Commission, at the direction of the chairman of 
        the Commission, subject to appropriate rules governing the 
        receiving of evidence.
    (c) Obtaining Official Data.--The Commission may secure directly 
from any department or agency of the United States information (other 
than information required by any law to be kept confidential by such 
department or agency) necessary for the Commission to carry out its 
duties under this Act. Upon request of the Commission, the head of that 
department or agency shall furnish such nonconfidential information to 
the Commission.
    (d) Contracts.--The Commission may enter into contracts with other 
entities in carrying out the duties of the Commission.
    (e) Gifts, Bequests, and Devises.--To the extent or in the amounts 
provided in advance in appropriations Acts, the Commission may accept, 
use, and dispose of gifts, bequests, or devises of services or 
property, both real and personal, for the purpose of aiding or 
facilitating the work of the Commission. Gifts, bequests, or devises of 
money and proceeds from sales of other property received as gifts, 
bequests, or devises shall be deposited in the Treasury and shall be 
available for disbursement upon order of the Chairperson.
    (f) Mails.--The Commission may use the United States mails in the 
same manner and under the same conditions as other departments and 
agencies of the United States.
    (g) Administrative Support Services.--Upon the request of the 
Commission, the Administrator of General Services shall provide to the 
Commission, on a reimbursable basis, the administrative support 
services necessary for the Commission to carry out its responsibilities 
under this Act.

SEC. 7. STAFF.

    (a) Staff.--The Commission may appoint and fix the pay of such 
personnel as the Commission considers appropriate.
    (b) Staff of Federal Agencies.--Upon request of the Commission, the 
head of any Federal department or agency may detail, on a reimbursable 
basis, any of the personnel of that department or agency to the 
Commission to assist the Commission in carrying out its duties under 
this Act.
    (c) Experts and Consultants.--The Commission may procure temporary 
and intermittent services under section 3109(b) of title 5, United 
States Code, but at rates for individuals not to exceed the daily 
equivalent of the maximum annual rate of basic pay for GS-15 of the 
General Schedule.

SEC. 8. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act 
$2,500,000.

SEC. 9. TERMINATION.

    The Commission shall terminate on the 180th day following the date 
of transmittal of the final report required under section 5(c). All 
records and papers of the Commission shall thereupon be delivered to 
the Administrator of General Services for deposit in the National 
Archives.

A: United States Commission on Rebuilding America for the 21st Century Act - Establishes the United States Commission on Rebuilding America for the 21st Century to review published materials on the nation's transportation, water, energy, public lands, and housing infrastructure and assess the challenges of meeting the nation's infrastructure needs in the 21st century.

Directs the Commission to submit to Congress a report that: (1) documents those challenges and articulates a national vision of infrastructure investments to overcome them; (2) contains specific recommendations on policies and investments to provide for streamlined state and local transportation investment processes, an electric grid that delivers clean, safe, and affordable energy, reductions in greenhouse has emissions, and improved transportation mobility, community health outcomes, water conservation, and public lands infrastructure accommodating user growth without degrading the environment; and (3) contains a set of model principles to ensure that future investments in the nation's infrastructure incorporate the report's findings and recommendations.
****
Q: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Tuition Tax Credit Act of 1995''.

SEC. 2. TAX CREDIT FOR TUITION.

    (a) In General.--Subpart A of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to nonrefundable 
personal credits) is amended by inserting after section 25 the 
following new section:

``SEC. 25A. TUITION TAX CREDIT.

    ``(a) General Rule.--In the case of an individual, there shall be 
allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter for the 
taxable year, the amount, determined under subsection (b), of the 
educational expenses paid by him during the taxable year to one or more 
eligible educational institutions for himself, his spouse, or any of 
his dependents (as defined in section 152).
    ``(b) Limitations.--
            ``(1) Amount per individual.--The credit under subsection 
        (a) for the educational expenses of any individual paid in any 
        taxable year shall be equal to so much of such expenses paid 
        with respect to such individual as does not exceed $1,000.
            ``(2) Proration of credit where more than one taxpayer pays 
        expenses.--If educational expenses of an individual are paid by 
        more than one taxpayer during any calendar year, the credit 
        allowable to each such taxpayer under subsection (a) for any 
        taxable year beginning in such calendar year shall be the same 
        portion of the credit determined under paragraph (1) for such 
        calendar year which the amount of educational expenses of such 
        individual paid by the taxpayer during such calendar year is of 
        the total amount of educational expenses of such individual 
        paid during such calendar year by all such taxpayers.
    ``(c) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) Educational expenses.--The term `educational 
        expenses' means amounts paid for--
                    ``(A) tuition and fees required for the enrollment 
                or attendance of a student at an eligible educational 
                institution, and
                    ``(B) fees, books, supplies, and equipment required 
                for courses of instruction at an eligible educational 
                institution.
        Such term does not include any amount paid, directly or 
        indirectly, for meals, lodging, or similar personal, living, or 
        family expenses. In the event an amount paid for tuition or 
        fees includes an amount for meals, lodging, or similar expenses 
        which is not separately stated, the portion of such amount 
        which is attributable to meals, lodging, or similar expenses 
        shall be determined under regulations prescribed by the 
        Secretary.
            ``(2) Eligible educational institution.--The term `eligible 
        educational institution' means--
                    ``(A) an institution of higher education,
                    ``(B) a vocational school,
                    ``(C) a secondary school, or
                    ``(D) an elementary school.
            ``(3) Institution of higher education.--The term 
        `institution of higher education' means the institutions 
        described in section 1201(a) or 481(a) of the Higher Education 
        Act of 1965.
            ``(4) Vocational school.--The term `vocational school' 
        means an area vocational education school as defined in section 
        521(3) of the Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act.
            ``(5) Elementary and secondary schools.--The terms 
        `elementary school' and `secondary school' mean, respectively, 
        any elementary or secondary school (as defined in paragraph (7) 
        of section 198(a) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 
        of 1965) which is privately operated but only if it is--
                    ``(A) accredited or approved under State law (or, 
                in the case of school in a State which has no procedure 
                for the accreditation or approval of privately operated 
                schools, which meets the requirements of State law 
                relating to compulsory school attendance), and
                    ``(B) exempt from taxation under section 501(a) as 
                an organization described in section 501(c)(3).
        The terms `elementary school' and `secondary school' include 
        facilities which offer education for individuals who are 
        physically or mentally handicapped as a substitute for public 
        elementary or secondary education.
    ``(d) Special Rules.--
            ``(1) Adjustment for certain scholarships and veterans 
        benefits.--The amounts otherwise taken into account under 
        subsection (a) as educational expenses of any individual during 
        any period shall be reduced (before the application of 
        subsection (b)) by any amounts received by such individual 
        during such period as--
                    ``(A) a qualified scholarship (within the meaning 
                of section 117(b)) which under section 117 is not 
                includible in gross income, or
                    ``(B) an educational assistance allowance under 
                chapters 32, 34, or 35 of title 38 of the United States 
                Code.
            ``(2) Eligible courses.--Amounts paid for educational 
        expenses of any individual shall be taken into account under 
        subsection (a) only to the extent such expenses--
                    ``(A) are attributable to courses of instruction 
                offered by an elementary or secondary school, or
                    ``(B) are attributable to courses of instruction 
                for which credit is allowed toward a baccalaureate 
                degree by an institution of higher education or toward 
                a certificate of required course work at a vocational 
                school and are not attributable to any graduate program 
                of such individual.
            ``(3) Individual must be at least half-time student.--No 
        credit shall be allowed under subsection (a) for amounts paid 
        during the taxable year for educational expenses with respect 
        to any individual unless that individual, during any 4 calendar 
        months during the calendar year in which the taxable year of 
        the taxpayer begins, is at least a half-time student at an 
        eligible education institution.
            ``(4) Spouse.--No credit shall be allowed under subsection 
        (a) for amounts paid during the taxable year for educational 
        expenses for the spouse of the taxpayer unless--
                    ``(A) the taxpayer is entitled to an exemption for 
                his spouse under section 151(b) for the taxable year, 
                or
                    ``(B) the taxpayer files a joint return with his 
                spouse for the taxable year.
    ``(e) Disallowance of Expenses as Deduction.-- No deduction shall 
be allowed under section 162 (relating to trade or business expenses) 
for any educational expense which (after the application of subsection 
(b)) is taken into account in determining the amount of any credit 
allowed under subsection (a). The preceding sentence shall not apply to 
the educational expenses of any taxpayer who, under regulations 
prescribed by the Secretary, elects not to apply the provisions of this 
section with respect to such expenses for the taxable year.
    ``(f) Regulations.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations 
as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.''
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for such subpart A 
is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 25 the 
following new item:

                              ``Sec. 25A. Expenses of higher 
                                        education.''
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1995.

A:
Tuition Tax Credit Act of 1995 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow a nonrefundable individual income tax credit for the educational expenses (tuition and supplies) of the taxpayer, spouse, or dependents at an eligible private elementary or secondary school, institution of higher education, or vocational school.  Limits the credit to $1,000 per student per year.
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