Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
To investigate the prevalence and temporal development of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) autoantibodies in relation to neurocognitive performance in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE).', "This prospective observational study enrolled a total of 49 HSE patients within a randomized controlled trial of valacyclovir. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples were drawn in the initial stage of disease, after 2 to 3\xa0weeks and after 3\xa0months. Anti-NMDAR IgG was detected with HEK293\xa0cells transfected with plasmids encoding the NMDA NR1 type glutamate receptor. A batch of neurocognitive tests, including the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Reaction Level Scale (RLS85), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) stroke scale, was performed during 24\xa0months' follow-up.", "Anti-NMDAR IgG was detected in 12 of 49 participants. None were antibody positive in the initial stage of disease. In ten of 12 positive cases, specific antibodies were detectable only after 3\xa0months. Notably, the development of NMDAR autoantibodies was associated with significantly impaired recovery of neurocognitive performance. After 24\xa0months' follow-up, the median increase in MDRS total score was 1.5 vs. 10 points in antibody-positive and -negative participants (p=0.018).

Ex Output:
Does n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor autoimmunity affect cognitive performance in herpes simplex encephalitis?


Ex Input:
Genetic variability in hepatic uptake was recently shown to influence the disposition and cholesterol-lowering effects of statins. Ezetimibe, an inhibitor of the intestinal cholesterol uptake protein Niemann-Pick C 1 like 1, is another drug for which genetic polymorphisms of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are expected to be of clinical relevance because ezetimibe undergoes intensive enterohepatic circulation for which hepatic uptake transporters may be rate-limiting determinants.', 'Using OATP1B3-, OATP2B1-, and OATP1B1-transfected HEK cells, including the OATP1B1 variants OATP1B1*1b and OATP1B1*5, we measured the uptake of ezetimibe and its glucuronide and we analyzed the competition with the common OATP-substrate bromosulfophthalein. Disposition and sterol-lowering effects of 20-mg ezetimibe were measured in 35 healthy participants genotyped for OATP1B1, ABCB1, ABCC2, and UGT1A1.', 'Ezetimibe glucuronide inhibited bromosulfophthalein uptake in all OATP-transfected cells (50% inhibitory concentration (IC50): 0.14-0.26 mumol/l) whereas ezetimibe was 30-100 times less potent. Only the glucuronide was accumulated significantly in cells expressing OATP1B1 and OATP2B1. Its uptake in cells expressing OATP1B1*1b and *5 was reduced. In-vivo studies showed there was a gene-dose-dependent decrease in the area under the curve of ezetimibe in participants with the OATP1B1*1b protein (*1a/*1a, N=12, 112+/-66 ngxh/ml vs. *1a/*1b, N=8, 88+/-39 ngxh/ml vs. *1b/*1b, N=5, 55+/-18 ngxh/ml; Jonkheere-Terpstra, P=0.041) and a tendency for increased glucuronide exposure (704+/-296 vs. 878+/-369 vs. 1059+/-363 ngxh/ml; P=0.092). Fecal ezetimibe excretion was significantly decreased whereas renal glucuronide excretion was increased in carriers of *1b/*1b. Fecal excretion was also diminished in carriers of OATP1B1*5 and *15. The sterol-lowering effect of ezetimibe was not influenced by OATP1B1 polymorphisms.

Ex Output:
Is disposition of ezetimibe influenced by polymorphisms of the hepatic uptake carrier OATP1B1?


Ex Input:
Thermal microdebridement for the treatment of chronic tendinopathy has recently been introduced. The effect of thermal microdebridement on the biomechanical properties of human tendons, however, remains unknown.', 'Thermal microdebridement does not affect the biomechanical properties of human patellar tendons in a cadaveric model at the time of initial treatment.', 'Controlled laboratory study.', 'The central 15 mm of 12 matched, human (mean age, 71 years; 8 male, 4 female), fresh-frozen patellar tendons was divided into 3 equal 5-mm specimens. The treatment group (n = 12) underwent thermal microdebridement with a radiofrequency probe. A sham treatment group (n = 12) underwent insertion of a deactivated probe. The control group (n = 12) underwent no treatment. After treatment, each specimen was tested to failure in a servo-hydraulic materials testing machine at an elongation rate of 3 mm/s. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine differences between groups.', 'No significant difference in ultimate stress at failure, elastic modulus, strain energy density, or strain at maximum load was found between the groups. The ultimate stress at failure for the treatment, sham, and control groups was 61.0, 66.7, and 63.0 MPa, respectively (P = .653), and the strain at maximum load was 0.12, 0.11, and 0.09, respectively (P = .279).

Ex Output:

Does thermal microdebridement affect the time zero biomechanical properties of human patellar tendons?