instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is associated with persistent air flow limitation and accelerated FEV(1) decline. AHR can influence diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. We assessed the value of pulmonary function variables, symptoms, and history as selection criteria for methacholine bronchoprovocation testing to detect AHR in symptomatic subjects.', 'Over a 4-year period we conducted a prospective study of consecutive subjects who underwent methacholine bronchoprovocation testing. Baseline pulmonary function testing (PFT) and a questionnaire were obtained prior to methacholine bronchoprovocation testing. PFT and symptom and history variables were assessed as AHR predictors in univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses for the whole group and for 4 different age groups.', 'There were 530 subjects, with ages ranging from 5 to 87 years, and 232 (44%) were positive for methacholine AHR. AHR was more prevalent among subjects < or = 25 years old (59%) and > 65 years old (47%) than among the other age groups. PFT values, symptom, and history variables had different AHR predictive values among the different age groups. Symptom and history variables had no AHR predictive value among subjects < or = 25 or > 65 years old.
answer:
1


question:
Oesophageal cancer is generally associated with late presentation and poor prognosis. Therefore palliative surgery has been largely superseded by less invasive non-surgical techniques. Once palliation is indicated, the aims of the management should be: the maintenance of oral intake, minimizing hospital stay, relief of pain, elimination of reflux and regurgitation and the prevention of aspiration.', 'This study was a review of all published English language data on the palliation of malignant dysphagia between 1994-1999. The Medline and Bids databases were searched and other references were derived from the material perused.
answer:
0


question:
In the past, cervical cancer has been linked to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection. Previously, we found that pre-neoplastic breast and ovarian lesions may be associated with lamin A/C deficiency, resulting in abnormal nuclear morphologies and chromosomal instability. Ultimately, these phenomena are thought to lead to cancer. Here, we assessed lamin A/C deficiency as an indicator for the risk to develop cervical cancer.', 'The expression of lamin A/C was assessed by Western blotting in cervical uterine smears (CUS) of 76 adult women from Benin concomitant with nuclear morphology assessment and HPV genotyping using microscopy and PCR-based assays, respectively. In vitro analyses were performed to uncover the mechanism underlying lamin A/C expression alterations observed in vivo. The presence of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) was assessed by colposcopy.', 'Normal lamin A/C expression (group A) was observed in 39% of the CUS, weak lamin A/C expression (group B) was observed in 28% of the CUS and no lamin A/C expression (group C) was observed in 33% of the CUS tested. Infection with oncogenic HPV was found to be significantly higher in group C (36%) than in groups A (17%) and B (14%). Two years after our first assessment, CIN was observed in 20% of the women in group C. The in vitro application of either a histone deacetylase inhibitor (trichostatin) or a protein kinase inhibitor (staurosporine) was found to restore lamin A/C expression in cervical cancer-derived cells.
answer:

0