Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is, from the onset, characterized by various neurological deficits such as an alteration of sensation and a decrease in muscle strength. We investigated if afferent A-beta fibre-mediated reflexes are changed in lower extremities affected by acute RSD.', 'The involvement of these fibres was determined by analyzing reflex responses from the tibialis anterior (TA) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles after electrical stimulation of the sural nerve. The reflexes were studied during walking on a treadmill to investigate whether the abnormalities in gait of the patients were related either to abnormal amplitudes or deficient phase-dependent modulation of reflexes. In 5 patients with acute RSD of the leg and 5 healthy volunteers these reflex responses were determined during the early and late swing phase of the step cycle.', 'No significant difference was found between the RSD and the volunteers. During early swing the mean amplitude of the facilitatory P2 responses in BF and TA increased as a function of stimulus intensity (1.5, 2 and 2.5 times the perception threshold) in both groups. At end swing the same stimuli induced suppressive responses in TA. This phase-dependent reflex reversal from facilitation in early swing to suppression in late swing occurred equally in both groups.
Example Output: Are leg muscle reflexes mediated by cutaneous A-beta fibres normal during gait in reflex sympathetic dystrophy?

Example Input: GM-CSF has broad clinical applicability as a potent myelopoietic stimulator. However, its function is not restricted to the myelopoietic system and several observations suggest that GM-CSF may interfere with the hemostatic balance. In order to assess whether GM-CSF has any influence on hemostasis, we evaluated some coagulative and fibrinolytic parameters in patients treated with GM-CSF following chemotherapy.', 'Fibrinolytic activity (FA), fibrinogen and D-dimer were evaluated before and after high-dose cyclophosphamide in 6 patients additionally treated with GM-CSF and in 5 control patients; moreover, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was assayed in those treated with GM-CSF. Comparative in vitro analysis was performed on cultured endothelial cells before and after exposure to GM-CSF.', 'Control patients showed a significant decrease in plasma FA after chemotherapy compared to basal values (FA/mm2: 15.6 +/- 2.1 at day + 2 and 20.8 +/- 19 at day + 4 vs. 103.8 +/- 64.2 at day 0; p < 0.005); conversely, no FA reduction was observed in GM-CSF-treated subjects. In this latter group a marked increase in tPA antigen was seen, consistent with enhanced FA. No significant changes in plasma D-dimer and fibrinogen values were detected in the two groups. tPA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, PAI-1 and procoagulant activity were evaluated in vitro on cultured human endothelial cells and found to be unchanged following GM-CSF addition.
Example Output: Is reduction of plasma fibrinolytic activity following high-dose cyclophosphamide neutralized in vivo by GM-CSF administration?

Example Input: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability. Currently, there are no consistently effective rehabilitative treatments for chronic stroke patients. Our recent studies demonstrate that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with rehabilitative training improves recovery of function in multiple models of stroke. Here, we evaluated the ability of VNS paired with rehabilitative training to improve recovery of forelimb strength when initiated many weeks after a cortical and subcortical ischemic lesion in subjects with stable, chronic motor deficits.', 'Rats were trained to perform an automated, quantitative measure of voluntary forelimb strength. Once proficient, rats received injections of endothelin-1 to cause a unilateral cortical and subcortical ischemic lesion. Then, 6 weeks after the lesion, rats underwent rehabilitative training paired with VNS (Paired VNS; n = 10), rehabilitative training with equivalent VNS delivered 2 hours after daily rehabilitative training (Delayed VNS; n = 10), or rehabilitative training without VNS (Rehab, n = 9).', 'VNS paired with rehabilitative training significantly improved recovery of forelimb function compared with control groups. The Paired VNS group displayed an 86% recovery of strength, the Rehab group exhibited 47% recovery, and the Delayed VNS group exhibited 42% recovery. Improvement in forelimb function was sustained in the Paired VNS group after the cessation of stimulation, potentially indicating lasting benefits. No differences in intensity of rehabilitative training, lesion size, or MAP-2 expression were observed between groups.
Example Output:
Does vagus Nerve Stimulation During Rehabilitative Training improve Forelimb Recovery After Chronic Ischemic Stroke in Rats?