In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
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Question: Matousek developed a method for analyzing covered objects by taking the difference between two close measurements called the spatially-offset variety of spectroscopy named for this effect, which has another variety with competing explanations proposed by Albrecht and Creighton and by Jeanmaire and Van Duyne, and occurs on rough metal surfaces. Another form can, due to the properties of the Kramers-Heisenberg formula, dominate the x-ray fluorescence spectrum. This effect, which comes in the aforementioned surface-enhanced and resonance varieties, was discovered independently by Mandelstam and Landsburg. This process can be described as a photon exciting a molecule into a virtual energy state, and it sees energy either absorbed or released in its Stokes and anti-Stokes forms. For 10 points, name this process by which a photon is inelastically scattered.

Answer: Science


Question: This composer reworked an instrumental sarabande into the aria Lascia ch'io planga. He called for improvised solo organ pieces to be placed ad libitum into the later of his organ concertos, a genre he invented to show off. The "Hailstone Chorus" appears in the first part of an oratorio by this man whose second part is "The Song of Moses"; that work is Israel in Egypt. One of this man's works includes a suite in G major that has a rigaudon, a minuet, and five shorter, unnamed pieces, as well as a suite in F major that begins with a (*) French overture. That piece was written to be played on barges floating on the River Thames for King George I. For 10 points, name this Baroque composer who wrote Water Music and the oratorio Messiah.

Answer: Fine Arts


Question: One musician from this country formed the group Oito Batutas. Any of that musician's compositions used this country's "Choro" form. Pixinguinha was from this country, and in one film set here, the title character, played by Breno Mello, marries Mira but immediately falls in love with Eurydice. This country is the setting of Orfeu Negro, whose soundtrack was composed by Antonio (*) Jobim, who also wrote the music to The Girl from Ipanema. Heitor Villa-Lobos composed a set of nine suites whose title includes the named of this country, and a genre developed here was pioneered by Joao Gilberto. For 10 points, name this South American country where Bossa Nova developed and where a lot of artwork is displayed in the Carnival of Rio de Janeiro.

Answer:
Fine Arts