Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Mutations of the caspase-activating recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) gene on chromosome 16 are associated with chronic inflammatory granulomatous bowel disease (Crohn's disease). Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease with unknown etiology, which shares histological features with Crohn's disease.", 'To evaluate whether ethnic Danes with sarcoidosis have an increased frequency of CARD15 mutations compared to healthy control subjects.', 'Genotyping for CARD15 mutations R702W, G908R, and L1007fsinsC, also designated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) SNP8, SNP12 and SNP13, respectively, were performed by capillary electrophoresis single-strand confirmation polymorphism in 53 patients with histologically verified sarcoidosis and in 103 healthy controls.', 'The frequencies of CARD15 mutations in sarcoidosis patients were: SNP8, 4/106 chromosomes (3.8%); SNP12, 2/106 chromosomes (1.9%); SNP13, 2/106 chromosomes (1.9%); SNP8+SNP12+SNP13, 8/106 chromosomes (7.6%). All 8 patients were heterozygous. The frequencies in controls were: SNP8, 9/206 chromosomes (4.4%); SNP12, 2/206 chromosomes (1.0%); SNP13, 4/206 chromosomes (1.9%); SNP8+SNP12+SNP13, 15/206 chromosomes (7.3%). All controls were heterozygous. The differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Furthermore, the course of disease was not significantly different in the 8 patients with CARD15 mutations and the 45 patients without mutations.
Answer: The frequency of CARD15 mutations is not increased in ethnic Danish patients with sarcoidosis, and heterozygosity for such mutations apparently has no influence on the course of disease.
Are cARD15 single nucleotide polymorphisms 8 , 12 and 13 increased in ethnic Danes with sarcoidosis?

Context: Postoperative neurologic deficits after thoracic aortic reconstruction vary widely. Our previous study showed that delayed ischemic preconditioning could prevent spinal cord injury caused by occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta in pigs. We investigated early ischemic preconditioning in the same model.', 'Twenty-eight pigs were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (n = 6) underwent a sham operation, group 2 (n = 6) underwent aortic occlusion for 20 minutes, group 3 (n = 8) underwent aortic occlusion for 35 minutes, and group 4 (n = 8) underwent aortic occlusion for 20 minutes and underwent aortic occlusion 80 minutes later without hypotension for 35 minutes. Aortic occlusion was accomplished by using 2 balloon occlusion catheters placed fluoroscopically at T6 to T8 above the diaphragm and at the aortic bifurcation. Neurologic evaluation was performed by an independent observer according to the Tarlov scale (0-4). The lower thoracic and lumbar spinal cords were harvested at 120 hours and examined histologically with hematoxylin-and-eosin stain. Histologic results (number of neurons and grade of inflammation) were scored (0-4) and were similarly analyzed. Statistical analysis was by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test.', 'Group 4 had a better neurologic outcome at 24, 48, and 120 hours in comparison with group 3 (P <.001). The histologic changes were proportional to the neurologic test scores, with the more severe and extensive gray matter damage in animals of group 3 (number of neurons, P <.001; grade of inflammation, P <.001).
Answer: Early ischemic preconditioning without hypotension protects against spinal cord injury after aortic occlusion, as confirmed by using the Tarlov score and histopathology.
Does early ischemic preconditioning without hypotension prevent spinal cord injury caused by descending thoracic aortic occlusion?

Context: A 6-base insertion (6bINS) polymorphism in intron 7 of the endoglin gene (ENG), which codes for a component of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor complex, was reported to be associated with intracranial aneurysm (IA) in a Japanese population. A recent report using a white population could not replicate the association. We tested for this association with high statistical power in our independent Japanese subjects and evaluated the linkage between markers on chromosome 9, which contains ENG, and IA.', 'The sample for the linkage study comprised 179 individuals with IA in 85 nuclear families, with 104 possible affected sibpairs. For the association study of the 6bINS polymorphism and 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ENG, 172 Japanese patients with IA and 192 control subjects were examined.', 'There was no evidence of linkage in the vicinity of ENG by analysis of affected sibpairs. The allele frequency of the 6bINS polymorphism was 104 of 344 (30.2%) in the total IA group and 122 of 382 (31.9%) in the control group. The statistical difference in allele frequency between the 2 groups was not significant (chi2=0.245, df=1, P=0.620). The power of the present association study was 98.3% at a significance level of 0.05 on the basis of the allele frequencies in the previous study. In addition, no associations between the 4 SNPs in ENG and IA were detected.
Answer: We provide evidence that there is no association between the 6bINS polymorphism or 4 SNPs in ENG and IA and that there is no linkage between the ENG locus and IA, indicating that ENG is not a major susceptibility gene for IA in Japanese.

Is endoglin a major susceptibility gene for intracranial aneurysm among Japanese?