Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: Despite recent advances in preoperative diagnostic imaging and operative techniques, biliary variation of the donor still remains a challenge in the procurement of graft. The supraportal right bile duct (BD) variant including presentation as trifurcation is a potential trap for injuring the remnant bile duct of donor.', 'Before living/related-donor liver transplantation (LRLT), cholangiogram with magnetic resonance images of each donor was performed as a routine. After exploration of the donor before hilar dissection, intraoperative chloangiography (IOC) was routinely performed. Among the supraportal right bile duct variants, if the preoperative cholangiography showed a suspected trifurcation of the bile duct, we then performed 3 sessions of IOC during liver graft procurement, including prior to hilar dissection, before the division of bile ducts and after the division. We reviewed the cholangiogram and the postoperative laboratory data of a consecutive series of 25 donors of LRLT.', 'There was no division injury of the remnant bile duct of all of the donors.
Answer: Repeated IOC is suggested as a routine for variants of supraportal right bile ducts especially trifurcation pattern in graft procurement to avoid the injury of donor remnant bile ducts.

Answer: Is repeated introperative cholangiography helpful for donor safety in the procurement of right liver graft with supraportal right bile duct variants in living-donor liver transplantation?


Question: Context: Downstream effects of muscarinic receptor stimulation in intestinal smooth muscle include contraction and intestinal transit. We thought to determine whether classic transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels integrate the intracellular signaling cascades evoked by the stimulated receptors and thereby contribute to the control of the membrane potential, Ca-influx, and cell responses.', 'We created trpc4-, trpc6-, and trpc4/trpc6-gene-deficient mice and analyzed them for intestinal smooth muscle function in vitro and in vivo.', 'In intestinal smooth muscle cells TRPC4 forms a 55 pS cation channel and underlies more than 80% of the muscarinic receptor-induced cation current (mI(CAT)). The residual mI(CAT) depends on the expression of TRPC6, indicating that TRPC6 and TRPC4 determine mI(CAT) channel activity independent of other channel subunits. In TRPC4-deficient ileal myocytes the carbachol-induced membrane depolarizations are diminished greatly and the atropine-sensitive contraction elicited by acetylcholine release from excitatory motor neurons is reduced greatly. Additional deletion of TRPC6 aggravates these effects. Intestinal transit is slowed down in mice lacking TRPC4 and TRPC6.
Answer: In intestinal smooth muscle cells TRPC4 and TRPC6 channels are gated by muscarinic receptors and are responsible for mI(CAT). They couple muscarinic receptors to depolarization of intestinal smooth muscle cells and voltage-activated Ca(2+)-influx and contraction, and thereby accelerate small intestinal motility in vivo.

Answer: Does deletion of TRPC4 and TRPC6 in mice impair smooth muscle contraction and intestinal motility in vivo?


Question: Context: To describe the findings of enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the lamina cribrosa (LC) in glaucoma and pachychoroid spectrum diseases associated with peripapillary retinoschisis.', 'Retrospective, observational case series.', 'A total of 16 patients from 1 institution.', 'Detailed medical case histories, optic disc and retinal imaging with EDI using the Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), and clinical course were reviewed for patients with peripapillary retinoschisis without a known predisposing condition.', 'Clinical features and findings of the EDI OCT.', 'Among the 16 eyes with peripapillary retinoschisis that had abnormal findings on EDI of the LC, 8 had glaucoma and 8 had pachychoroid spectrum diseases, including chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) (6 eyes), small pigment epithelium detachment (1 eye), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) (1 eye). The abnormal LC findings were central or peripheral focal LC defects in eyes with glaucoma and LC disinsertions or peripheral focal LC defects in eyes with pachychoroid spectrum diseases. Central LC defects were related to inner layer retinoschisis, whereas LC disinsertions and peripheral LC defects were related to outer layer retinoschisis. The peripapillary retinoschisis did not show a topographic association with the underlying chronic CSC- or PCV-associated lesions. In 6 treated eyes with pachychoroid, peripapillary retinoschisis resolved along with subretinal fluid after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection in 4 eyes, whereas retinoschisis persisted after the resolution of subretinal fluid in 2 eyes.
Answer: Enhanced depth imaging OCT of the LC demonstrated alterations associated with peripapillary retinoschisis, pachychoroid spectrum diseases, and glaucoma.

Answer:
Do alterations of the Lamina Cribrosa Are Associated with Peripapillary Retinoschisis in Glaucoma and Pachychoroid Spectrum Disease?