In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

A version of spectroscopy that is free of one form of this effect uses a standing wave to give radiation to a moving atom and is named for its two-photon transition. Due to this effect, atoms observe laser resonance leading to the phenomenon of optical molasses at its namesake cooling limit. Mossbauer spectroscopy uses this effect to modulate the energy of the incident gamma rays. An experiment that used a canal ray tube and a mirror to view light emissions was used to detect the transverse form of this effect, while its relativistic form involves changes equal to the square root of one plus beta over one minus beta. For 10 points, name this shift in the wavelength from a moving source that can be heard by an observer.
Science

This ruler faced a scandal when Amy Robsart, the wife of Robert Dudley, died by falling down some stairs. This ruler was dubbed a "servant of crime" and excommunicated in the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis, a response to the passage of the Second Act of Supremacy. Anthony Babington's plan to assassinate this ruler was uncovered by spymaster Francis Walsingham. This ruler ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots and sent Francis Drake to defeat the Spanish Armada. For 10 points, name this Tudor monarch, the "Virgin Queen" of England.
History

author wrote a story where Lady Carlotta is mistaken for the governess Miss Hope and thus teaches children history under the titular "Schartz-Metterklume Method. " In another story, children are given toy figures of John Herschel and John Stuart Mill. This author of "The Toys of Peace" ended one story with "Romance at short notice was her speciality," referring to the fanciful story told to Framton Nuttel. In another story, Conradin's guardian is ultimately dispatched by his god, the titular pole ferret. For 10 points, name this witty British short story author, who penned such works as "Sredni Vashtar" and "The Open Window" under a one-word penname.

Literature