instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Food Tracking Improvement Act''.

SEC. 2. TRACEABILITY OF FOOD.

    The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.) is 
amended--
            (1) in section 301, by inserting at the end the following:
    ``(jj) The failure to comply with any requirement of section 414A 
(relating to the traceability of food).''; and
            (2) in chapter IV, by inserting after section 414 the 
        following:

``SEC. 414A. TRACEABILITY OF FOOD.

    ``(a) Establishment of System.--Not later than 3 years after the 
date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary shall establish a 
traceability system described in subsection (b) for all stages of 
manufacturing, processing, packaging, and distribution of food.
    ``(b) Description of System.--The traceability system required by 
subsection (a) shall require each article of food shipped in interstate 
commerce to be identified in a manner that enables the Secretary to 
retrieve the history, use, and location of the article through a 
recordkeeping and audit system, a secure, online database, or 
registered identification.
    ``(c) Records.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may require that each 
        person required to identify an article of food pursuant to 
        subsection (b) maintain accurate records, as prescribed by the 
        Secretary, regarding the purchase, sale, and identification of 
        the article.
            ``(2) Access.--Each person described in paragraph (1) 
        shall, at all reasonable times, on notice by a duly authorized 
        representative of the Secretary, allow the representative to 
        access to each place of business of the person to examine and 
        copy the records described in paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Duration.--Each person described in paragraph (1) 
        shall maintain records as required under this subsection for 
        such period of time as the Secretary prescribes.
    ``(d) False Information.--No person shall falsify or misrepresent 
to any other person or to the Secretary, any information as to any 
location at which any article of food was held.
    ``(e) Alteration or Destruction of Records.--No person shall, 
without authorization from the Secretary, alter, detach, or destroy any 
records or other means of identification prescribed by the Secretary 
for use in determining the location at which any article of food was 
held.
    ``(f) Advisory Committee.--
            ``(1) In general.--In order to assist the Secretary in 
        implementing the traceability system under subsection (a), the 
        Secretary shall convene an advisory committee (referred to in 
        this subsection as the `Committee').
            ``(2) Membership.--The Committee shall consist of 13 
        members appointed by the Secretary which shall include--
                    ``(A) an equitable number of food safety and 
                tracking technology experts, representatives of the 
                food industry, and consumer advocates; and
                    ``(B) officials from the Center for Food Safety and 
                Applied Nutrition and the Office of Regulatory Affairs 
                of the Food and Drug Administration and the Agriculture 
                Marketing Service of the Department of Agriculture.
            ``(3) Chairperson.--The Secretary shall appoint a 
        Chairperson of the Committee.
            ``(4) Meeting.--The Committee shall convene not later than 
        180 days after the date of enactment of this section and 
        periodically thereafter at the call of the Chairperson.
            ``(5) Report of committee.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the 
                date of enactment of this section, the Committee shall 
                submit to the Secretary and the Office of the 
                Commissioner a report that describes the 
                recommendations regarding the most practicable approach 
                to providing for the traceability of food, including 
                the most efficient means of implementing the traceback 
                of contaminated foods.
                    ``(B) Considerations.--In developing the report 
                under subparagraph (A), the Committee shall consider 
                the following approaches to providing for the 
                traceability of food:
                            ``(i) A national database or registry 
                        operated by the Food and Drug Administration.
                            ``(ii) Electronic records identifying each 
                        prior sale, purchase, or trade of the food and 
                        its ingredients, and establishing that the food 
                        and its ingredients were grown, prepared, 
                        handled, manufactured, processed, distributed, 
                        shipped, warehoused, imported, and conveyed 
                        under conditions to ensure the safety of the 
                        food. The records would include an electronic 
                        statement with the date of, and the names and 
                        addresses of all parties to, each prior sale, 
                        purchase, or trade, and any other information 
                        as appropriate.
                            ``(iii) Standardized tracking numbers on 
                        all shipments. These numbers would identify the 
                        country of origin, the unique facility 
                        registration number, date of production, and 
                        lot number (if applicable).
                            ``(iv) Recall performance standards for 
                        each food or commodity type.
                            ``(v) Safeguards for the combining, 
                        repacking, or otherwise mixing of items of 
                        food, particularly fresh produce.
                            ``(vi) Other approaches that enable the 
                        reliable tracking of food and food products.
    ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--For the purpose of carrying 
out this section, there is authorized to be appropriated $40,000,000 
for the period of fiscal years 2009 through 2011.''.
answer:
Food Tracking Improvement Act - Amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to prohibit failing to comply with any requirement of this Act.

Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to: (1) establish a traceability system for all stages of manufacturing, processing, packaging, and distribution of food; and (2) convene an advisory committee to assist in implementing the system. Requires the system to identify each article of food shipped in interstate commerce in a manner that enables the Secretary to retrieve the history, use, and location of the article through a recordkeeping and audit system, a secure, online database, or registered identification.

Authorizes the Secretary to direct each person required to identify an article of food to maintain accurate records regarding the purchase, sale, and identification of the article. Requires each such person to allow authorized representatives of the Secretary to examine and copy records. Prohibits any person from: (1) falsifying or misrepresenting information as to the location at which any article of food was held; or (2) altering, detaching, or destroying any records or other means of identification for use in determining such a location.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Commercial Mortgage Capital 
Availability Act of 1993''.

SEC. 2. INSURED DEPOSITORY INSTITUTION CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 
              TRANSFERS OF MORTGAGE LOANS.

    (a) Accounting Principles.--The accounting principles applicable to 
the transfer of a mortgage loan with recourse contained in reports or 
statements required to be filed with Federal banking agencies by a 
qualified insured depository institution shall be consistent with 
generally accepted accounting principles.
    (b) Capital and Reserve Requirements.--With respect to the transfer 
of a mortgage loan with recourse that is a sale under generally 
accepted accounting principles, each qualified insured depository 
institution shall--
            (1) establish and maintain a reserve equal to an amount 
        sufficient to meet the reasonable estimated liability of the 
        institution under the recourse arrangement; and
            (2) treat as an asset (for purposes of applicable capital 
        standards and other capital measures, including risk-based 
        capital requirements) only the maximum amount at risk under the 
        recourse arrangement.
    (c) Qualified Institutions Defined.--An insured depository 
institution is a qualified insured depository institution for purposes 
of this section if, without regard to the accounting principles or 
capital requirements referred to in subsections (a) and (b), the 
institution is--
            (1) well capitalized; or
            (2) with the approval, by regulation or order, of the 
        appropriate Federal banking agency, adequately capitalized.
    (d) Aggregate Amount of Recourse.--The total outstanding amount at 
risk with respect to transfers of mortgage loans under subsections (a) 
and (b) (together with the amount at risk under any provisions of law 
substantially similar to subsections (a) and (b)) shall not exceed--
            (1) the amount which is equal to 15 percent of the risk-
        based capital of the institution; or
            (2) such greater amount, as established by the appropriate 
        Federal banking agency by regulation or order.
    (e) Institutions That Cease To Be Qualified or Exceed Aggregate 
Limits.--If an insured depository institution ceases to be a qualified 
insured depository institution or exceeds the limits under subsection 
(d), this section shall remain applicable to any transfer of mortgage 
loans that occurred at a time when the institution was qualified and 
had not exceeded such limit.
    (f) Prompt Corrective Action not Affected.--The capital of an 
insured depository institution shall be computed without regard to this 
section in determining whether the institution is less than well 
capitalized.
    (g) Regulations Required.--Before the end of the 180-day period 
beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, each appropriate 
Federal banking agency shall prescribe final regulations implementing 
this section.
    (h) Alternative System Permitted.--
            (1) In general.--At the discretion of the appropriate 
        Federal banking agency, this section shall not apply if the 
        regulations of the agency provide that the aggregate amount of 
        capital and reserves required with respect to the transfer of 
        mortgage loans with recourse does not exceed the aggregate 
        amount of capital and reserves that would be required under 
        subsection (b).
            (2) Existing transactions not affected.--Notwithstanding 
        paragraph (1), this section shall remain in effect with respect 
        to transfers of mortgage loans with recourse by qualified 
        insured depository institutions occurring before the effective 
        date of regulations referred to in paragraph (1).
    (i) Definitions.--The following definitions apply for purposes of 
this section:
            (1) Adequately capitalized.--The term ``adequately 
        capitalized'' has the same meaning as in section 38(b) of the 
        Federal Deposit Insurance Act.
            (2) Appropriate federal banking agency.--The term 
        ``appropriate Federal banking agency'' has the same meaning as 
        in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.
            (3) Capital standards.--The term ``capital standards'' has 
        the same meaning as in section 38(c) of the Federal Deposit 
        Insurance Act.
            (4) Federal banking agencies.--The term ``Federal banking 
        agencies'' has the same meaning as in section 3 of the Federal 
        Deposit Insurance Act.
            (5) Insured depository institution.--The term ``insured 
        depository institution'' has the same meaning as in section 3 
        of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.
            (6) Other capital measures.--The term ``other capital 
        measures'' has the same meaning as in section 38(c) of the 
        Federal Deposit Insurance Act.
            (7) Recourse.--The term ``recourse'' has the meaning given 
        to such term under generally accepted accounting principles.
            (8) Mortgage loan.--The term ``mortgage loan'' means any--
                    (A) note or certificate of interest or 
                participation in a note (including any rights designed 
                to assure servicing of, or the timeliness of receipt by 
                the holders of such notes, certificates, or 
                participation of amounts payable under such notes, 
                certificates or participation) that is principally 
                secured by an interest in real property; or
                    (B) any security (within the meaning of section 8 
                of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is secured 
                by one or more notes described in subparagraph (A) or 
                certificates of interest or participation in such notes 
                (with or without recourse to issuers thereof) and that, 
                by its terms, provides for payments of principal in 
                relation to payments, or reasonable projections of 
                payments, on notes described in subparagraph (A) or 
                certificates of interest or participation in such 
                notes.
            (9) Well capitalized.--The term ``well capitalized'' has 
        the same meaning as in section 38(b) of the Federal Deposit 
        Insurance Act.

SEC. 3. AMENDMENT TO DEFINITION OF MORTGAGE RELATED SECURITY.

    Section 3(a)(41)(A)(i) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 
U.S.C. 78c(a)(41)(A)(i)) is amended by inserting before the semicolon 
``, or on 1 or more parcels of real estate upon which is located one or 
more commercial structures''.

SEC. 4. AUTHORITY TO EXEMPT COMMERCIAL MORTGAGE RELATED SECURITIES 
              TRANSACTIONS FROM PROHIBITED TRANSACTION RULES.

    The Secretary of Labor, in consultation with the Secretary of the 
Treasury, shall exempt, either unconditionally or on stated terms and 
conditions, transactions involving commercial mortgage related 
securities (as such term is defined in section 3(a)(41) of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended by section 3 of this Act) 
from--
            (1) the restrictions of sections 406(a) and 407(a) of the 
        Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974; and
            (2) the taxes imposed under section 4975 of the Internal 
        Revenue Code of 1986.

SEC. 5. PROVISIONS TO SAFEGUARD THE INTEGRITY OF THE SECURITIZATION 
              PROCESS, AND THE SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS OF FEDERALLY 
              INSURED INSTITUTIONS.

    (a) Compliance With Securities Regulations.--Any security relying 
on the provisions of this Act shall comply with all rules and 
regulations of Federal securities laws applicable thereto, as 
determined taking into account the provisions of this Act, including 
all provisions relating to required disclosure to investors, 
registrations, reporting and compliance, and all anti-fraud provisions.
    (b) Treatment of Bank Issued or Purchased Mortgage Backed 
Securities for Purposes of Minimum Capital Requirements.--
            (1) Mortgages held by bank to back securities.--If an issue 
        of securities backed by mortgage loans represents a liability 
        on the balance sheet of an insured depository institution and 
        the assets backing such obligation represent assets on the 
        balance sheet of such institution, the institution shall 
        maintain minimum adequate capital with regard to such assets as 
        prescribed by all applicable rules and regulations of the 
        banking agencies with supervisory and examination authority 
        over such institution, as determined taking into account the 
        provisions of this Act.
            (2) Securities held by bank.--If an insured depository 
        institution purchases a mortgage-related security to which the 
        provisions of this Act apply, the institution shall maintain 
        minimum adequate capital with respect to such security and all 
        other assets as prescribed by all applicable rules and 
        regulations of the banking agencies with supervisory and 
        examination authority over such institution, as determined 
        taking into account the provisions of this Act.
answer:
Commercial Mortgage Capital Availability Act of 1993 - Sets forth a regulatory scheme under which qualified insured depository institutions meeting prescribed reserve and capital requirements may execute mortgage loan transfers with a recourse arrangement. 
Amends the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to modify the definition of "mortgage related security" to include notes directly secured by a first lien on real estate with commercial structures located upon it (thus bringing such securities within the purview of the Act). 
Directs the Secretary of Labor to exempt commercial mortgage related securities transactions from:  (1) certain restrictions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974; and (2) certain taxes imposed under the Internal Revenue Code. 
Mandates that securities relying on the provisions of this Act comply with all Federal securities laws relating to disclosure to investors, registrations, reporting and anti-fraud provisions. 
Requires insured depository institutions to maintain the minimum adequate capital prescribed by regulatory banking agencies when executing mortgage backed securities transactions.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Land-Based Marine Debris Reduction 
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds and declares the following:
            (1) Because the United States has the largest Exclusive 
        Economic Zone of all nations, it has a disproportionate 
        economic interest in a healthy ocean.
            (2) The United States has a strategic interest in healthy 
        fisheries, marine ecosystems, and a strong ocean economy.
            (3) Solid waste is littering the Nation's waterways, 
        including streams, rivers, and lakes, most notably the Great 
        Lakes, and much of this marine debris is collecting in the 
        oceans.
            (4) An estimated 80 percent of litter that ends up in the 
        oceans comes from land-based sources, and litter in the 
        Nation's waterways has numerous detrimental effects.
            (5) Marine debris injures wildlife, sometimes resulting in 
        death, degrades ecosystems, interferes with navigation, 
        threatens public health and safety, and creates additional 
        expenditures for shipping, fishing, tourism, and coastal 
        communities.
            (6) Only about 46 percent of the Nation's waste is recycled 
        or composted, including through waste-to-energy.
            (7) Successful solid waste management requires creative use 
        of the entire hierarchy of solid waste management, waste 
        reduction, recycling, waste-to-energy operations, and 
        landfilling.
            (8) Recycling can play a significant role in reducing 
        municipal waste and marine debris.
            (9) The failure to recycle and reuse materials is a 
        significant and unnecessary waste of important national energy 
        and material resources.
            (10) Comprehensive, multi-material recycling programs 
        represent the most cost-effective and efficient method of 
        meeting recycling goals and reducing marine debris.
            (11) The responsibility to recycle should be shared by all 
        consumers of recyclable goods including individual households, 
        municipalities, and commercial and institutional 
        establishments.

SEC. 3. NATIONAL GOALS FOR WASTE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING.

    (a) Source Reduction.--Congress declares it to be the national goal 
of the United States that there shall be no increase in the generation 
of solid waste sent to landfills above the level of solid waste 
generated and sent to landfills in the year of the enactment of this 
Act (as determined by the Administrator).
    (b) Waste Recycling.--Congress declares it to be the national goal 
of the United States that at least 50 percent of the municipal solid 
waste stream shall be recycled by the end of 2020, and 65 percent of 
such waste stream shall be recycled by the end of 2030 (as determined 
by the Administrator).
    (c) Marine Debris Reduction.--Congress declares it to be the 
national goal of the United States that there shall be no increase in 
the flow of marine debris into the ocean above the level of such flow 
in the year of the enactment of this Act (as determined by the 
Administrator).

SEC. 4. ANNUAL REPORT.

    (a) Requirement.--The Administrator shall report to Congress each 
year the following:
            (1) The amount and composition of municipal solid waste 
        generated in the United States.
            (2) The amount and composition of municipal solid waste 
        generated in the United States that enters the ocean.
            (3) The methods used to manage such waste.
            (4) The progress made in achieving the source reduction, 
        recycling, and marine debris reduction goals of this Act, the 
        impediments to the attainment of such goals, and 
        recommendations on the regulatory or legislative initiatives 
        necessary to attain such goals.
    (b) First Report.--The first report under this section shall be 
submitted not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

SEC. 5. REPORT ON PRIMARY LEAKAGE PATHS OF MARINE DEBRIS INTO THE 
              OCEAN.

    Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall provide to Congress a report that includes the 
following:
            (1) Identification of the pathways through which marine 
        debris reaches the ocean, such as consumer discards, flawed 
        waste management designs, and infrastructural leaks, as 
        determined in consultation with experts, including waste 
        management, consumer goods, and infrastructure experts.
            (2) Best practices that may be used at the Federal, State, 
        and local level to reduce or eliminate such pathways, including 
        methods to address infrastructural leaks, regulation, or 
        economic incentives.

SEC. 6. PRODUCTS AND PACKAGING REQUIREMENTS.

    (a) List and Recycling Determinations.--
            (1) Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment 
        of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with the 
        Secretary of Commerce, shall develop a list of categories of 
        commonly used products and packaging which are discarded into 
        the municipal solid waste stream. With respect to each category 
        on the list, the Administrator shall determine the following:
                    (A) The percentage of recovered materials used in 
                the manufacture of products or packaging in each 
                category.
                    (B) The source reduction and recovery efficiency of 
                products or packaging in each category.
                    (C) The percentage of products or packaging in each 
                category that is recycled upon discard.
                    (D) The percentage of products or packaging in each 
                category that enters the ocean upon discard or is 
                otherwise littered.
                    (E) The life cycle environmental effects associated 
                with the products or packaging in each category 
                compared to product or packaging alternatives, using 
                standard life cycle assessment methodologies and 
                categories of environmental impacts, including climate 
                change, human health, eutrophication, acidification, 
                water use, land use, and ecosystems toxicity.
            (2) Upon completion of the list and determinations required 
        under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall identify 
        categories of products or packaging that shall be targeted for 
        regulatory action under subsection (b). The Administrator shall 
        target a category based upon high overall life cycle impact of 
        the product or package compared to the alternatives, 
        considering categories of environmental impacts, recovered 
        material content, recyclability, and high volume in the waste 
        stream.
    (b) Regulatory Action.--With respect to each category of product or 
packaging identified under subsection (a)(2), the Administrator may 
take the following actions:
            (1) The Administrator may promulgate regulations to require 
        the manufacturer of the product or packaging to use recovered 
        materials of that or another category in the product or 
        packaging. In promulgating regulations under this paragraph, 
        the Administrator shall, to the extent practicable, consider 
        the potential life cycle impacts of requiring recovered 
        material content in a product or packaging on increasing 
        greenhouse gases and water usage, current regulations regarding 
        the use of recovered materials, and potential market 
        disruptions to recovered materials.
            (2) The Administrator may phase in any of the actions taken 
        under paragraph (1) if the Administrator determines it to be 
        necessary for economic reasons.

SEC. 7. PACKAGING STANDARDS.

    The Administrator and the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation 
with affected industries, experts in package design and marketing, 
companies engaged in collecting and processing products and packages, 
and environmental organizations, shall develop a voluntary system of 
packaging standards with respect to materials contained within the 
packaging and the recyclability of the packaging upon discard, which 
may include implementation of an existing labeling standard where 
appropriate. The standards shall provide that packaging that meets the 
standards shall be eligible to use a label indicating compliance with 
the standards for promotion and educational purposes.

SEC. 8. REPORT ON LANDFILL CLOSURES.

    Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Administrator shall submit to Congress a report analyzing the costs 
and difficulties encountered by States and local communities in closing 
landfills. The report shall include recommendations on the types and 
levels of Federal assistance (including technical guidance and funds) 
that should be provided to States and local communities for such 
purpose.

SEC. 9. DEFINITIONS.

    For purposes of this Act:
            (1) The term ``Administrator'' means the Administrator of 
        the Environmental Protection Agency.
            (2) The term ``marine debris'' is human-created waste that 
        has been discharged into the coastal or marine environment, 
        including any anthropogenic, manufactured, or processed solid 
        material (regardless of size) discarded, disposed of, or 
        abandoned in the environment, including all materials discarded 
        into the ocean, on the shore, or brought indirectly to the 
        ocean by rivers, sewage, storm water, waves, or wind.
            (3) The term ``recovered material'' has the meaning given 
        that term in section 1004 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 
        U.S.C. 6903).
            (4) The term ``recycled'' means reused, recovered, or 
        reclaimed from solid waste through any means, including 
        remanufacturing, reprocessing, and waste-to-energy 
        technologies.
answer:

Land-Based Marine Debris Reduction Act  This bill declares national goals of no increase in the generation of solid waste sent to landfills, no increase in the flow of human-created marine debris into the ocean, and recycling of at least 50% of the municipal solid waste stream by the end of 2020 and 65% by the end of 2030. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must report on: (1) municipal solid waste generation, waste management methods, and progress in meeting the goals; (2) leakage paths of marine debris into the ocean; and (3) the costs and difficulties in closing landfills. The EPA must develop a list of categories of commonly used products and packaging that are discarded into the municipal solid waste stream and determine with respect to the products or packaging in each category: (1) the percentage of recovered materials used in their manufacture; (2) the source reduction and recovery efficiency; (3) the percentage that is recycled upon discard and the percentage that is littered; and (4) the life cycle environmental effects associated with them, compared to alternatives. The EPA must identify categories to be targeted for regulatory action. Regulations may require manufacturers to use recovered materials in the product or packaging. The EPA and the Department of Commerce must develop a voluntary system of packaging standards with respect to materials contained within the packaging and the recyclability of the packaging upon discard. The standard has to provide that packaging that meets the standards be eligible to use a label indicating compliance for promotional and educational purposes.