Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Circulating adiponectins have multiple protective roles as anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-inflammatory factors. We examined the relationship between plasma adiponectin concentration and other cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic coronary artery disease (CAD) men and the relationship can be maintained even after adjusted for major environmental factors that contribute to adiponectin concentrations.', 'Nondiabetic CAD men (n=613) were 31-70 y and had body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-29.9 kg/m2.', "Circulating adiponectins positively correlated with age and negatively with BMI, waist circumference and % body fat (p-values of all <0.001). Plasma adiponectin concentrations were higher in never-smokers (5.07+/-0.30 microg/ml) than current (4.15+/-0.12 microg/ml) and ex-smokers (3.75+/-0.20 microg/ml) both before and after adjusted for age and adiposity (p=0.002 and p=0.008, respectively), however they were not significantly different according to alcohol drinking status. After adjusted for age, adiposity and cigarette smoking, plasma adiponectin still have positive correlations with HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI and LDL particle size, and inversely with fasting triglyceride, atherogenic index, insulin resistance and C-reactive protein (CRP). However there was no significant relationships between adiponectin and apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol. In subset analysis by tertile adiponectin concentrations (lowest: <2.92, moderate: 2.92<or=adiponectin<4.75, highest: >or=4.75 microg/ml), 'moderate' and 'highest' adiponectin groups had lower triglyceride (p<0.001), lower atherogenic index (p=0.001), lower fasting insulin (p=0.004), lower insulin resistance (p=0.001), lower CRP (p=0.001), higher HDL cholesterol (p<0.001), higher apolipoprotein AI (p=0.005) and higher LDL particle size (p<0.001) as compared with 'lowest' adiponectin group when adjusted for age, adiposity and cigarette smoking. Platelets were lower in 'highest' adiponectin groups as compared with 'lowest' and 'moderate' adiponectin group after the adjustment. However, there was no significant difference in total cholesterol (p=0.145), LDL cholesterol (p=0.145), apolipoprotein B (p=0.222) and fasting glucose (p=0.157).

Ex Output:
Is plasma adiponectin related to other cardiovascular risk factors in nondiabetic Korean men with CAD , independent of adiposity and cigarette smoking : cross-sectional analysis?


Ex Input:
Pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) is a multifunctional protein involved in several tumorigenic mechanisms, including angiogenesis. PTTG has been shown to promote angiogenesis, a key rate-limiting step in tumor progression, by up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor.', 'To investigate whether PTTG regulates other angiogenic genes in thyroid cells, we performed angiogenesis-specific cDNA arrays after PTTG transfection. Two of the genes [inhibitor of DNA binding-3 (ID3) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)] which showed differential expression in primary thyroid cells were validated in vitro and in vivo.', 'TSP-1 showed a 2.5-fold reduction and ID3 showed a 3.5-fold induction in expression in response to PTTG overexpression in vitro. Conversely, suppression of PTTG with small interfering RNA was associated with a 2-fold induction of TSP-1 and a 2.2-fold reduction in ID3 expression. When we examined TSP-1 and ID3 expression in 34 differentiated thyroid cancers, ID3 was significantly increased in tumors compared with normal thyroid tissue. Furthermore, ID3 expression was significantly higher in follicular thyroid tumors than in papillary tumors. Although mean TSP-1 expression was not altered in cancers compared with normal thyroids, we observed a significant independent association between TSP-1 expression and early tumor recurrence, with recurrent tumors demonstrating 4.2-fold lower TSP-1 expression than normal thyroid tissues.

Ex Output:
Does pituitary tumor-transforming gene regulate multiple downstream angiogenic genes in thyroid cancer?


Ex Input:
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are believed to play a pivotal role in the formation and contraction of epiretinal membranes in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). In the present study, an organ culture method was used that mimics the contractile stage of PVR, to investigate the contribution of a variety of growth factors in human RPE cell-mediated contraction of the retina.', 'Cultured human RPE cells were seeded onto bovine retinal explants. After attachment, cultures received one of the following exogenous growth factors: platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB, PDGF-BB, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, TGF-beta2, or interleukin (IL)-10; or a neutralizing antibody to PDGF and/or TGF-beta2. Control explants were either untreated or received a null antibody. Contraction was assessed by image analysis and expressed as percentage reduction in retinal area.', 'RPE cells produced a more than 50% contraction of the retina after 7 days in untreated samples. PDGF and TGF-beta2 stimulated RPE-mediated contraction by a further 20% at 100 ng/ml. IL-10 decreased contraction by 63%, whereas the other growth factors gave rise to similar contraction to untreated controls. Neutralizing antibodies against PDGF and TGF-beta2 reduced RPE-mediated contraction by up to 70% in comparison with untreated controls. The neutralizing antibodies also inhibited the effects of exogenous PDGF and TGF-beta2 on RPE-mediated contraction of the retina (P < 0.01).

Ex Output:

Do iL-10 and antibodies to TGF-beta2 and PDGF inhibit RPE-mediated retinal contraction?