Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Surgical site infections (SSIs) after colectomy for colon cancer (CC), Crohn's disease (CD), and diverticulitis (DD) significantly impact both the immediate postoperative course and long-term disease-specific outcomes. We aim to profile the effect of diagnosis on SSI after segmental colectomy using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data set.", "NSQIP data from 2006 to 2011 were investigated, and segmental colectomy procedures performed for the diagnoses of Crohn's disease, DD, and colon malignancy were included. SSI complications were compared by diagnosis using univariate and multivariate analysis.", 'We included 35,557 colectomy cases in the analysis. CD had the highest rate of postoperative SSI (17 vs. 13% DD vs. 10% CC; p\u2009<\u20090.001). Using CC as the comparison group and controlling for multiple variables, the multivariate analysis showed that the CD group had an increased risk for acquiring at least one SSI (odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20091.38, p\u2009≤\u20090.001), deep incisional SSI (OR\u2009=\u20091.85, p\u2009=\u20090.03), and organ space SSI (OR\u2009=\u20091.51, p\u2009=\u20090.02).

A: Is crohn 's disease but not diverticulitis an independent risk factor for surgical site infections in colectomy?
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Q: Autonomic dysfunction has previously been described in primary biliary cirrhosis patients. In nonhepatic diseases, fatigue is associated with autonomic dysfunction and impaired baroreflex sensitivity. Here, we investigate the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction using highly sensitive detection modalities and its relationship with fatigue in both noncirrhotic and cirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis patients.', 'Autonomic reflex tests were performed, using continuous blood pressure and electrocardiograph measurement in 47 primary biliary cirrhosis patients and age and sex-matched controls. Fatigue was measured using the primary biliary cirrhosis-40.', 'In all, 100% of precirrhotic and 81% of cirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis patients exhibited autonomic dysfunction. Valsalva ratio and 30 : 15 ratio (measures of parasympathetic autonomic dysfunction) were significantly lower in primary biliary cirrhosis patients than in controls (valsalva ratio: 1.42 vs. 1.57; P=0.01, 30 : 15: 1.1 vs. 1.2; P=0.01). Blood pressure drop on standing (sympathetic autonomic dysfunction) was greater in the primary biliary cirrhosis group (31+/-22 vs. 23+/-15 mmHg; P=0.03). Valsalva phase IV size was similar between primary biliary cirrhosis patients and controls, however, time to phase IV was significantly longer (P=0.01), suggesting adrenergic failure. Increasing fatigue was associated with impaired baroreflex sensitivity and an earlier, bigger phase IV (sympathetic overactivity). No significant differences were seen, between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients.

A: Does autonomic dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis correlate with fatigue severity?
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Q: The aim of the study was to determine whether medial meniscal substitution with a polyurethane scaffold (Actifit(®)) improves the outcome of medial meniscal-deficient varus knees undergoing open-wedge high tibial osteotomy.', 'Sixty patients with symptomatic varus knees those who underwent open-wedge high tibial osteotomies were prospectively studied. In 30 patients, the medial meniscus was left with a defect larger than 25 mm (Group M). An Actifit(®) device was implanted (Group A) in the remaining 30 patients. Patients were functionally evaluated with WOMET, IKDC and VAS. Patient satisfaction was graded from 0 (not satisfied) to 4 (very satisfied).', 'Both groups were comparable preoperatively. They had similar follow-up periods (31.2 months; range 24-47.5; n.s.). WOMET improved a mean of 53.4 ± 8.4 and 42.4 ± 17.2 points in Groups M and A, respectively (p = 0.002). IKDC improved a mean of 56.7 ± 12 and 50.3 ± 15.6 points in Groups M and A, respectively (n.s.). VAS dropped 5.9 ± 2.1 and 4.7 ± 2.8 points in Groups M and A, respectively (p = 0.006). Patient satisfaction averaged 3.3 ± 0.8 and 3.3 ± 1 in Groups M and A, respectively (n.s.).

A:
Does partial meniscus substitution with a polyurethane scaffold improve outcome after an open-wedge high tibial osteotomy?
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