instruction:
Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Context: 99mTc-HMPAO is a well-established isotope useful in the detection of regional cerebral blood flow. Diabetes gives rise to arterial atherosclerotic changes that can lead to significant end organ dysfunction, prominently affecting perfusion to the heart, kidneys, eyes and brain. In the current study, we investigated the role of 99mTc-HMPAO cerebral perfusion scans in detecting early vascular changes in the diabetic brain.', 'Cerebral perfusion studies were performed on both control and streptozotocin-(STZ) induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Rat brain imaging using a gamma camera was performed for each group 0.5, 2, 4, and 24 hours post 99mTc-HMPAO injection. Data processing for each cerebral perfusion scan was performed by drawing a region of interest (ROI) circumferentially around the brain (B). Background (BKG) due to signal from the soft tissue of each rat was subtracted. Brain 99mTc-HMPAO uptake minus background counts (net brain counts; NBC) were then compared between the two groups.', 'The NBC (mean +/- SD) for the STZ group were statistically significantly higher (p = 0.0004) than those of the control group at each of the time points studied.
Answer: 99mTc-HMPAO brain scan may be useful in the detection of early atherosclerotic changes in the diabetic rat brain.
answer:
Does perfusion scanning using 99mTc-HMPAO detect early cerebrovascular changes in the diabetic rat?


question:
Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of CALPAIN-5 (CAPN5) gene in PCOS susceptibility.', 'We analysed four intronic polymorphisms of the CAPN5 gene in 148 well-characterized women with PCOS and 606 unrelated controls. We performed a case-control study and an intracohort analysis of clinical characteristics associated with PCOS.', 'Analysis of haplotypes distribution between PCOS population compared to controls showed a strong deviation (P = 0.00029). The haplotypes GGCA and GGTG were overrepresented in PCOS patients (P = 0.009 and P = 0.001, respectively). In addition, we identified several CAPN5 haplotypes associated with phenotypic differences observed between PCOS patients, such as the presence of obesity (P = 0.02), cardiovascular complications (P = 0.02), familial antecedents of obesity (P = 0.003) and of hypertension (P = 0.007) and type 2 diabetes mellitus aggregation (P = 0.04).
Answer: These results suggest a role of CAPN5 gene in PCOS susceptibility in humans. Moreover, novel candidate risk alleles have been identified, within CAPN5 gene, which could be associated with important phenotypic and prognosis differences observed in PCOS patients.
answer:
Are specific haplotypes of the CALPAIN-5 gene associated with polycystic ovary syndrome?


question:
Context: Various techniques and devices have been proposed for tricuspid valve (TV) repair in patients with tricuspid regurgitation (TR). However, residual or recurrent TR is not uncommon occurring in 20% to 30% of patients. This study reports first experiences with a new three-dimensional annuloplasty ring.', 'We retrospectively reviewed 200 consecutive patients who underwent TV repair for functional TR with the Contour 3D annuloplasty ring (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) from December 2010 to February 2013 at our institution. The follow-up is 98% complete (mean 1.0 ±\xa00.7 years; cumulative total 189 patient-years).', 'Mean age was 70.4 ± 9.1 years and the median logistic European system for cardiac operative risk was 7%. Sixty-nine percent of the patients were in New York Heart Association class III/IV. Echocardiography documented moderate or severe TR in 97.5% of the patients, with a mean annulus diameter of 45.1 ± 4.9 mm; 93.5% of the patients underwent a combined procedure, and 20.5% an urgent or emergent operation. The 30-day mortality was 6%. The preoperative TR grade was reduced from 2.45 ± 0.53 to 0.77 ± 0.54 (p < 0.001). At hospital discharge residual II TR or greater was present in 4.3% of the patients. Freedom from recurrent II TR or greater at 2\xa0years was 90.9% ± 4.2% and freedom from TV-related reoperations at 2 years was 98.5% ± 1.0%. No case of\xa0ring dehiscence occurred. Fourteen patients (7%) required a permanent pacemaker implantation for atrioventricular block.
Answer: Tricuspid valve repair with the Contour 3D annuloplasty ring can be performed with a low rate of residual TR at hospital discharge, a low reoperation rate, and with an excellent early functional outcome.
answer:

Does early experience with a new three-dimensional annuloplasty ring for the treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation?