instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
Transcription in Escherichia coli generates positive supercoiling in the DNA, which is relieved by the enzymatic activity of gyrase. Recently published experimental evidence suggests that transcription initiation and elongation are inhibited by the buildup of positive supercoiling. It has therefore been proposed that intermittent binding of gyrase plays a role in transcriptional bursting. Considering that transcription is one of the most fundamental cellular processes, it is desirable to be able to account for the buildup and release of positive supercoiling in models of transcription.', "Here we present a detailed biophysical model of gene expression that incorporates the effects of supercoiling due to transcription. By directly linking the amount of positive supercoiling to the rate of transcription, the model predicts that highly transcribed genes' mRNA distributions should substantially deviate from Poisson distributions, with enhanced density at low mRNA copy numbers. Additionally, the model predicts a high degree of correlation between expression levels of genes inside the same supercoiling domain.
answer:
0


question:
We previously localized protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) on human spermatozoa and demonstrated that activation of PAR-2 by the mast cell (MC) product tryptase inhibits sperm motility. Importantly, tryptase-secreting MCs are encountered in the male and female genital tract, implying that MC-spermatozoa interactions may be as yet unrecognized factors affecting sperm fertilizing ability. In order to elucidate how tryptase via activation of PAR-2 acts in human spermatozoa, we studied intracellular signal transduction events.', 'Impairment of sperm motility by tryptase was not dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and tryptase did not alter intracellular Ca2+ levels. Pre-incubation with pertussis toxin (PTX) failed to prevent tryptase effects on sperm motility. Western blot analyses revealed that tryptase increased phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK1/2, an effect which was blocked by the MAPK pathway inhibitor PD98059. Pre-treatment of spermatozoa with this inhibitor also blocked the inhibtion of sperm motility evoked by tryptase.
answer:
0


question:
To assess the prognostic value of coronary CT angiography (CTA) for prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) over a long-term follow-up period.', 'A total of 1469 low-to-intermediate-risk patients (65.9 years; 44.2% females) were included in our prospective cohort study. CTA was evaluated for (i) stenosis severity (minimal <10%; mild <50%; moderate 50-70%; severe >70%), (ii) plaque types (calcified, mixed dominantly calcified, mixed dominantly non-calcified, non-calcified), and (iii) high-risk plaque criteria [low-attenuation plaque (LAP) quantified by HU, napkin-ring (NR) sign, spotty calcification <3 mm, and remodelling index (RI)]. Over a follow-up of mean 7.8 years, MACE rate was 41 (2.8%) and 0% in patients with negative CTA. MACE rate increased along with stenosis severity by CTA (from 1.3 to 7.8%) (P < 0.001) and was higher in T3/T4 plaques than in T2/T1 (7.8 vs. 1.9%; P < 0.0001). LAP density was lower (35.2 HU ± 32 vs. 108.8 HU ± 53) (P < 0.001) and both NR-sign prevalence with n = 26 (63.4%) vs. n = 40 (28%) and LAP <30, <60, and <90 HU prevalence with 46.3-78% vs. 2.4-7% were higher in the MACE group (P < 0.001). On univariate and unadjusted multivariable proportional Hazards model, LAP <60 HU and NR were the strongest MACE predictors (HR 4.96; 95% CI: 2.0-12.2 and HR 3.85; 95% CI: 1.7-8.6) (P < 0.0001), while spotty calcification (HR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.3, P < 0.001), stenosis severity, and plaque type (HR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3 and HR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1-2.6) (P < 0.001) were less powerful. After adjusting for risk factors, CTA stenosis severity, and plaque type, LAP <60 HU and the NR sign remained significant (P < 0.001), while the effect of NR sign was even enhancing. HRP criteria were independent predictors from other risk factors.
answer:

1