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Anal intraepithelial neoplasia precedes the development of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Detection of the lesion is essential to management. This paper describes a prospective study to detect and ablate anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) using white light narrow band imaging (NBI) and NBI with acetic acid (NBIA).', 'Sixty patients with abnormal anal cytology and risk factors for anal dysplasia underwent examination of the anoderm with a high definition gastroscope and NBIA. Targeted biopsies were taken and the lesions were ablated and characterized histopathologically. Visualization of the anal transitional zone was facilitated by retroflexion and examination through a disposable anoscope.', 'Targeted biopsies were taken from lesions in 58 patients. No lesion was seen in two patients. Histopathology showed SIL in 48 (80.0%) of 60 biopsies. One biopsy showed lymphoid aggregates. Biopsies in nine (15%) of the 60 patients showed normal mucosa. Lesions were seen in white light in 27 (45%) of the 60 cases, NBI in 39 (65%) and NBIA in 57 (95%). There was no major morbidity. Sensitivity analysis showed that all methods were significantly different from each other.
Is detection of anal dysplasia enhanced by narrow band imaging and acetic acid?

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of enamel matrix derivative on mRNA expression of markers related to periodontal healing.', 'Murine osteoprogenitor cells (MC3T3-E1) were grown for 12 and 16 days in mineralization media and stimulated with 100 microg/mL Emdogain (EMD). Cell cultures treated with 2% and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) served as control. The mRNA expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), and runt-related protein 2 (Runx2) was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.', 'Stimulation with EMD significantly (P < .01) enhanced mRNA expression of BSP up to 13.9-fold and of OPN up to 3.2-fold at day 16 compared with the 2% FCS control. The expression of mRNA for transcription factor Runx2 was not significantly changed.
Does stimulation of osteoblasts with Emdogain increase the expression of specific mineralization markers?

Induced aboveground plant defenses against pathogens can have negative effects on belowground microbial symbionts. While a considerable number of studies have utilized chemical elicitors to experimentally induce such defenses, there is surprisingly little evidence that actual aboveground pathogens affect root-associated microbes. We report here that an aboveground fungal pathogen of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) induces a defense response that inhibits both the belowground formation of root nodules elicited by rhizobia and the colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF).', 'Foliage of plants inoculated with either rhizobia or AMF was treated with both live Colletotrichum gloeosporioides-a generalist hemibiotrophic plant pathogen-and C. gloeosporioides fragments. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activity in leaves and roots, as well as the number of rhizobia nodules and the extent of AMF colonization, were measured after pathogen treatments. Both the live pathogen and pathogen fragments significantly increased PPO, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activity in the leaves, but only PPO activity was increased in roots. The number of rhizobia nodules and the extent of AMF colonization was significantly reduced in treatment plants when compared to controls.

Does an aboveground pathogen inhibit belowground rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Phaseolus vulgaris?