In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

This philosopher advocated the adoption of a federal system in Considerations on the Government of Poland. He contrasted the natural and physical types of the title concept in his Discourse on Inequality. He also wrote an epistolary novel subtitled The New Heloise, and a treatise dealing with the education of the titular boy, Emile. His most famous work discusses a society controlled by the general will of its people and asserts that man is born free, but is everywhere in chains. For 10 points, name this French philosopher who wrote The Social Contract.
Social Science

Mobility is related to the zeta potential, dielectric constant, and this quantity in the Smoluchowski equation. For gases, the variation of this quantity with temperature is given by Sutherland's formula. Measured with a Zahn cup, this quantity is squared in the Grashof number, and the ratio of this quantity to thermal diffusivity is the Prandtl number. When this quantity is zero, the Euler equations correspond to the NavierStokes equations. Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to this quantity, which is constant for Newtonian fluids. Measured in poise [PWAHZ], this quantity is zero for superfluids. For 10 points, name this internal friction of a fluid that tends to resist its flow.
Science

This philosopher discussed the philosophy of science in Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy. He coined the term logical atomism in a 1911 paper, and in The Ethics of War, he defended wars of principle and wars of colonization. He criticized Alexius Meinong in his essay On Denoting. His other works include a History of Western Philosophy and the essay Why I Am Not a Christian. His namesake paradox debunked the nave set theory of Gottlob Frege. For 10 points, name this philosopher who, with Alfred North Whitehead, wrote Principia Mathematica.

Social Science