Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[EX Q]: To investigate the relationship between the damages of hand functions and the type of cerebral palsy (CP) in children with CP.', 'A total of 280 children aged 4-12 years old with CP in the 20 districts of Chengdu were included. The damages of hand functions were assessed with the Chinese Version of Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and its relationship with the type of CP were analyzed.', 'Among the 280 investigated children, there were 195 chidren with spastic CP, which accounted for the largest proportion (69.64%), wherein the spastic diplegia was most common (56.41%). The classification of MACS was level I-II in 65.13% children with spastic CP, whereas the classification of MACS was level IU-V in 84. 44% and 80.95% children with mixed and dyskinetic CP, respectively. With the increase of the degree of cognitive dysfunction in children with CP, the level of MACS was also increased. There was a difference between the classification of MACS and the different type of CP (P<0.05). The children with spastic CP were mostly mild hand dysfunction, while the children with mixed and dyskinetic type of CP were mostly middle and severe hand dysfunction. A positive correlation was found between the MACS and the subtype of spastic CP (r=0.541, P<0.05). In most of the children with diplegia from spastic CP, the hand dysfunction was mild, whereas the children with quadriplegia from spastic CP were mostly middle and severe hand dysfunction.
[EX A]: 1

[EX Q]: Previous research has demonstrated that chronic cigarette smoking and major depressive disorder (MDD) are each associated with cognitive decrements. Further, these conditions co-occur commonly, though mechanisms in the comorbid condition are poorly understood. There may be distinct, additive, or overlapping factors underlying comorbid cigarette smoking and MDD. The present study investigated the impact of smoking and MDD on executive function and emotion processing.', 'Participants (N=198) were grouped by diagnostic category (MDD and healthy controls, HC) and smoking status (ever-smokers, ES and never-smokers, NS). Participants completed the Facial Emotion Perception Test (FEPT), a measure of emotional processing, and the parametric Go/No-go task (PGNG), a measure of executive function.', 'FEPT performance was analyzed using ANCOVA with accuracy and reaction time as separate dependent variables. Repeated measures MANCOVA was conducted for PGNG with performance measure and task level as dependent variables. Analyses for each task included diagnostic and smoking group as independent variables, and gender was controlled for. Results for FEPT reveal that lower overall accuracy was found for ES relative to NS, though MDD did not differ from HC. Post-hoc analyses revealed that ES were poorer at identifying happy and sad, but not fearful or angry, faces. For PGNG, poorer performance was observed in MDD relative to HC in response time to Go targets, but there were no differences for ES and NS. Interaction of diagnosis and smoking group was not observed for performance on either task.
[EX A]: 0

[EX Q]: Chemoresistance is a main obstacle to effective esophageal cancer (EC) therapy. We hypothesize that altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in EC cancer progression and resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapeutic strategies.', 'Four pairs of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cell lines and corresponding 5-FU resistant variants were established. The expression levels of miRNAs previously shown to be involved in the general regulation of stem cell pathways were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The effects of selected miRNAs on proliferation, apoptosis, and chemosensitivity were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. We identified a particular miRNA and analyzed its putative target genes in 14 pairs of human EC tumor specimens with surrounding normal tissue by qRT-PCR as well as Wnt pathway associated genes by immunohistochemistry in another 45 EAC tumor samples.', 'MiR-221 was overexpressed in 5-FU resistant EC cell lines as well as in human EAC tissue. DKK2 was identified as a target gene for miR-221. Knockdown of miR-221 in 5-FU resistant cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, restored chemosensitivity, and led to inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway mediated by alteration in DKK2 expression. Moreover, miR-221 reduction resulted in alteration of EMT-associated genes such as E-cadherin and vimentin as well as significantly slower xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. RT profiler analysis identified a substantial dysregulation of 4 Wnt/β-catenin signaling and chemoresistance target genes as a result of miR-221 modulation: CDH1, CD44, MYC, and ABCG2.
[EX A]:
0