In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
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Question: wachter v. united states, 689 f. supp. 1420, 1422 (d. md. 1988) (applying maryland law); hales v. pittman, 576 p.2d 493, 499 (ariz.

Answer: non-overruling


Question: the alternative holding in heaps v. toy, supra, finding the contract in that case contrary to good morals, is inconsistent with the numerous california decisions upholding contracts between nonmarital partners when such contracts are not founded upon an illicit consideration, and is therefore disapproved.

Answer: overruling


Question: the first section of part 2a of article 81b of chapter 15a of the north carolina general statutes is n.c.g.s.  15a-1340.19a, which is entitled ""applicability"" and provides that ""a defendant who is convicted of first degree murder, and who was under the age of 18 at the time of the offense, shall be sentenced in accordance with this part."" n.c.g.s.  15a-1340.19a

Answer:
non-overruling