TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
PROBLEM: As a component of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proliferation and cell cycle progression of monocytes/macrophages. It has been suggested that the proapoptotic T-cell death-associated gene 51 (TDAG51) might be associated with cell proliferation and cell cycle progression; however, its role in the interaction between LPS and macrophages remains unclear.', 'We attempted to elucidate the role(s) of TDAG51 played in the interaction between LPS and macrophages.', 'We investigated TDAG51 expression in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS and examined the effects of RNA interference-mediated TDAG51 down-regulation. We used CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis to evaluate the interaction between TDAG51 and LPS-induced proliferation and cell cycle progression in RAW264.7 cells.', 'Our findings indicate that TDAG51 is up-regulated in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, the TDAG51 siRNA effectively reduced TDAG51 protein up-regulation following LPS stimulation in RAW264.7 cells, the significant changes of the proliferation and cell cycle progression of RAW264.7 cells in TDAG51 Knockdown RAW264.7 cells treated with LPS were observed.

SOLUTION: 1

PROBLEM: Cardiac surgery produces a proinflammatory response characterized by cytokine production. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) may contribute to morbidity and mortality after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Elderly patients undergoing CPB are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that patients aged >70 y produce more IL-6 during CPB.', 'Twenty-three patients (ages 23-80) undergoing cardiac surgery had blood sampled from the ascending aorta and coronary sinus on initial cannulation for bypass, at 30 min of aortic cross-clamp time, on release of the aortic cross-clamp, and at 20 min after reperfusion. Group 1 patients (n = 8) were aged <60 y, group 2 patients (n = 7) were aged between 60 and 70 y, and group 3 patients (n = 8) were aged >70 y. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 were analyzed.', 'The three groups did not differ with respect to preoperative ejection fraction, New York Heart Association classification, mean aortic cross-clamp time, or mean CPB time. IL-6 levels rose throughout myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in all three age groups. The increase in IL-6 during ischemia and reperfusion in the age group >70 was greater than the increase in younger patients. IL-6 was similar in the coronary sinus and the ascending aorta.

SOLUTION: 0

PROBLEM: Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with kidney disease and leads to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Paraoxonase 1 (Pon1), a hydrolase that participates in homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and is carried in the circulation on high-density lipoprotein, has also been linked to kidney disease and atherothrombosis. Pon1-knockout mice are susceptible to atherosclerosis and exhibit a kidney-associated phenotype, polyuria or urine dilution. We hypothesize that HHcy and Pon1 deficiency are toxic to kidney function because they impair metabolic pathways important for normal kidney homeostasis.', 'We examined changes in the mouse kidney proteome induced by Pon1 gene deletion and dietary HHcy, using 2D IEF/SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. We found that the expression of ten mouse kidney proteins was altered by the Pon1(-/-) genotype or HHcy. Proteins involved in metabolism of lipid (ApoA-I), protein (Hspd1), carbohydrate (Pdhb, Fbp1-isoform2, Eno1), and energy (Ndufs8, Ldhd) were down-regulated. Proteins involved in lipid transport (Pebp1), oxidative stress response (Prdx2), and cellular detoxification (Glo1) were up-regulated. The kidney proteins altered by HHcy or Pon1 are also altered in renal disease.

SOLUTION:
0