instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: Severity of rheumatoid arthritis and progression of radiographic joint damage have decreased over the last decades.', 'To examine whether this trend is attributable to an underlying trend towards milder disease or to improved treatment.', 'The study used an inception cohort of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis seen at the Wichita Arthritis Center, Wichita, Kansas, USA, since 1973 and monitored prospectively since their first clinic visit through clinical, radiographic, laboratory, demographic and self-reported data. The radiographic disease progression in patients with disease onset in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s was compared using a multivariate regression model for longitudinal data. The analysis was adjusted for differences in baseline predictors, type of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and steroid use.', '418 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with radiographic follow-up were included. Patients in earlier decades used fewer DMARDs, had longer disease durations and higher tender joint counts at their first visit. Other important predictors of disease progression did not differ significantly between decades of disease onset. The unadjusted rates of radiographic progression differed between decades (analysis of variance, p = 0.01), with a significant trend towards less radiographic progression in more recent times (trend, p<0.001). However, after adjusting for DMARD use, steroid use and baseline predictors, differences between decades vanished (analysis of variance, p = 0.40) and the trend towards less radiographic progression disappeared (trend, p = 0.45).\Question: Are progression of radiographic joint damage in different eras : trends towards milder disease in rheumatoid arthritis attributable to improved treatment?
answer:
These results suggest that the observed trend towards milder disease in rheumatoid arthritis is attributable to more effective antirheumatic treatment and not to a secular trend.


question:
Context: Several Northern Hemisphere Drosera species have been used in the therapy of respiratory tract infections as the traditional medicine Droserae Herba.', 'To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Drosera species and to investigate a substitute material for Droserae Herba, we examined the effect of extracts of Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera tokaiensis and Drosera spatulata on activated T cell membrane (aTc-m)-induced inflammatory gene expression in HMC-1 human mast cells.', 'Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera spatulata and Drosera tokaiensis were collected in Japan. Herbs were extracted with 80% EtOH, and subsequently applied to OASIS HLB column. HMC-1 cells were treated with each Drosera column-adsorbed fraction for 15min, and subsequently added to aTc-m and incubated for 16h. Inflammatory gene and protein expressions were determined by DNA microarray, RT-PCR and Western blotting.', 'Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera tokaiensis fractions, but not the Drosera spatulata fraction, suppressed inflammatory gene expression induced by aTc-m in HMC-1 cells.\Question: Do drosera rotundifolia and Drosera tokaiensis suppress the activation of HMC-1 human mast cells?
answer:
Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera tokaiensis suppressed activation of HMC-1 cells induced by aTc-m. Since the Drosera tokaiensis fraction was more effective than the traditionally used Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera tokaiensis is a likely substitute as a source of Droserae Herba.


question:
Context: Reducing central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) poses a set of unique challenges in long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHS). Patients are often admitted to LTACHs with central lines in place from the previous hospitalization; thus, LTACHs lack control over insertion techniques and respective central line care and maintenance. This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of a methodical bathing approach with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) cloths and a correlation with a reduced prevalence of CLABSIs in our LTACH population.', 'This retrospective observational quality initiative conducted in a 105-bed LTACH used plan-do-study-act methodology to assess the effects of a revised bathing approach using 2% CHG.', 'Statistical significance demonstrated a 65% reduction in CLABSI on the pilot unit after the 6-month initial trial. The results of the quality initiative were evaluated through the end of\xa02012.\Question: Does quality improvement intervention reduce episodes of long-term acute care hospital central line-associated infections?
answer:

The decision was made to implement the revised bathing protocol throughout the entire LTACH hospital stay.