In this task, you are given a paper review. Based on the review, your job is to identify language and generate "en" if the review is in English or generate "es" if the review is in Spanish. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].

This submission proposes to learn the word decomposition, or word to sub-word sequence mapping jointly with the attention based sequence-to-sequence model. A particular feature of this approach is that the decomposition is not static, instead, it also conditions on the acoustic input, and the mapping is probabilistic, i.e., one word may map to multiple sub-word sequences. The authors argue that the dynamic decomposition approach can more naturally reflect the acoustic pattern. Interestingly, the motivation behind this approach is analogous to learning the pronunciation mixture model for HMM based speech recognition, where the probabilistic mapping from a word to its pronunciations also conditions on the acoustic input, e.g.,  I. McGraw, I. Badr, and J. Glass, "Learning lexicons form speech using a pronunciation mixture model," in IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, 2013  L. Lu, A. Ghoshal, S. Renals, "Acoustic data-driven pronunciation lexicon for large vocabulary speech recognition", in Proc. ASRU   R. Singh, B. Raj, and R. Stern, "Automatic generation of subword units for speech recognition systems,"  in IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 2002  It would be interesting to put this work in the context by linking it to some previous works in the HMM framework.  Overall, the paper is well written, and it is theoretically convincing. The experimental study could be more solid, e.g., it is reasonable to have a word-level baseline, as the proposed approach lies in between the character-level and word-level systems. the vocabulary size of the WSJ si284 dataset is 20K at maximum, which is not very large for the softmax layer, and it is a closed vocabulary task. I guess the word-level system may be also competitive to the numbers reported in this paper. Furthermore, can you explain what is the computational bottleneck of the proposed approach? You downsampled the data by the factor of 4 using an RNN, and it still took around 5 days to converge. To me, it is a bit expensive, especially given that you only take one sample when computing the gradient. Table 2 is a little bit misleading, as CTC with language model and seq2seq with a language model model from Bahdanau et al. is much closer to the best number reported in this Table 2, while you may only get a very small improvement using a language model. Finally, "O(5) days to converge" sounds a bit odd to me.
en

*** Paper Summary ***  This paper applies adversarial and virtual adversarial training to LSTM for text classification. Since text inputs are discrete adversarial perturbation are applied to the (normalized) word embeddings. Extensive experiments are reported and demonstrate the advantage of these methods.  *** Review Summary ***  The paper reads well and has sufficent references. The application of adversarial training to text data is a simple but not trivial extension. The experimental section presents extensive experiments with comparison to alternative strategies. The proposed method is simple and effective and can be easily be applied after reading the paper.  *** Detailed Review ***  The paper reads well. I have only a few comments regarding experiments and link to prior resarch:  Experiments:  - In Table 2 (and for other datasets as well), could you include an SVM baseline? e.g. S Wang and C Manning 2012? - As another baseline, did you consider dropping words, i.e. masking noise? It is generally better than dropout/gaussian noise for text application (e.g. denoising autoencoders)? - I am not sure I understand why virtual adversarial is worse than the baseline in Table 5. If you tune epsilon, in the worse case you would get the same performance as the baseline? Was it that validation was unreliable?  Related Work:  I think it would be interesting to point at SVM, transductive SVM who achieve something similar to adversarial training. When maximizing the margin in a (transductive) SVM, it is equivalent to move the example toward the decision boundary, i.e. moving them in the direction of increase of the loss gradient.  Also it would be interesting to draw a parallel between adversarial training and contrastive divergence. The adversarial samples are very close in nature to the one step Markov Chain samples from CD. See Bengio 2009. Related to this technique are also approaches that try to explicitely cancel the Jacobian at data points, e.g. Rifai et al 2011.  *** References ***  Marginalized Denoising Autoencoders for Domain Adaptation. Minmin Chen, K Weinberger. Stacked Denoising Autoencoders. Pascal Vincent. JMLR 2011. Learning invariant features through local space contraction, Salah Rifai, Xavier Muller, Xavier Glorot, Gregoire Mesnil, Yoshua Bengio and Pascal Vincent, 2011. Learning Deep Architectures for AI, Yoshua Bengio 2009 Large Scale Transductive SVMs. Ronan Collobert et al 2006 Optimization for Transductive SVM.  O Chapelle, V Sindhwani, SS Keerthi JMLR 2008
en

El título del trabajo induce al lector a la espera de encontrarse con el diseño e implementación de un sistema de control de regadío, sin embargo a medida que se profundiza en la lectura del documento esto se ve cada vez más lejano, ya que el autor nos propone una revisión de diversos resultados de trabajos realizados por terceros en una especie de recopilación de información referente al tema, para finalmente plantear desde su punto de vista cuales de estos resultados pudiesen ser considerados de interés dependiendo del tipo de cultivo.  Es necesario modificar el nombre del artículo ya que induce a confusión al lector, pues al finalizar de revisar el documento no se ha obtenido como resultado el diseño ni menos la construcción del sistema de regadío, sólo se han obtenido alternativas a considerar dependiendo de diversos factores. Tal vez es necesario enfocarse en un tipo de cultivo específico para realizar en detalle el diseño y la implementación del sistema de regadío con la finalidad de realizar pruebas que validen el trabajo realizado.

es