Generate the answer for a given question. The question requires common knowledge of English. Make sure that the answer is in detail, long, consistent with the context, and requires general knowledge of English. To be less repetitive, please vary your language for each question. Give a proper explanation to answer, and if necessary, provide the definition of various terms. And conclude your answer if it's long. If you have used other resources (e.g., Merriam Webster's.) to answer the question, include citations in your answer. You don't need to paraphrase the context of your resources, but make sure that your answer is consistent and complete.

Q: When someone says I stand corrected. What does that mean?.

A: It means 'I admit that I was wrong'. See e.g. Cambridge Dictionaries: used to admit that something you have said or done was wrong I stand corrected - the date of foundation was 1411, and not 1412 as I had written. Or Wiktionary: Said to acknowledge someone who corrects something that one says or writes that was not correct. The Battle of Hastings was fought in 1056. No it wasn't! Look in the textbook! Oh, sorry. I stand corrected - it was fought in 1066. Note that the Cambridge Dictionary marks this idiom as 'formal', and Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary as 'somewhat formal'.
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Q: In Afrikaans, it is considered very disrespectful to use 'you' ( 'jy') when referring to someone who is above the level of a peer. Instead, it is expected that you use 'u', which is a very respectful form of 'you'. Also you can talk in the third person 'How is ma'am today' would be the equivalent. I cringe internally when I say 'How are you' to someone older than me, because in Afrikaans it would be very rude. I was bought up to only ever refer to my parents in the third person. 'how is mom today', 'what is dad doing' when speaking in Afrikaans. The lack of English equivalent feels very wrong and disrespectful. What is the best way to convey this in English? I have been reassured that saying 'you' to a parent isn't rude, and I understand that this can be cultural, but I'm particularly looking for what options English offers in this regard, as far as existing vocabulary, that convey respect. I'm in South Africa.

A: I think you is the polite form (u). The less polite form is thou (jy), but us Brits, polite as ever, now call everyone by the the polite form and thou fell by the wayside a long time ago. Thou barely ever surfaces in normal English unless you want something to sound historical, but it is still in Holier than thou and used to be (20th century) common in regional dialects from Yorkshire and parts of the Midlands (anyone can feel free to correct my geography). So you shouldn't feel so bad using you it's not the same you (jy) that you think it is.
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Q: Any situation, any time; this person has always something negative to say about it. It should be a noun or an adjective to describe a person who is a damp cloud walking over every sunshine situations at the cubicle, hoping to drench other people with his miserable comments. I considered 'sourpuss' but would prefer something more important sounding, like 'misogynist.'.

A:
In British English, 'Naysayer' is common for someone who says that something is not possible, won't work, shouldn't be tried, etc.
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