In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Example Input: Non-polio enteroviruses are emerging viruses known to cause outbreaks of polio-like infections in different parts of the world with several cases already reported in Asia Pacific, Europe and in United States of America. These outbreaks normally result in overstretching of health facilities as well as death in children under the age of five. Most of these infections are usually self-limiting except for the neurological complications associated with human enterovirus A 71 (EV-A71). The infection dynamics of these viruses have not been fully understood, with most inferences made from previous studies conducted with poliovirus. Non-poliovirus enteroviral infections are responsible for major outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) often associated with neurological complications and severe respiratory diseases. The myriad of disease presentations observed so far in children calls for an urgent need to fully elucidate the replication processes of these viruses. There are concerted efforts from different research groups to fully map out the role of human host factors in the replication cycle of these viral infections. Understanding the interaction between viral proteins and human host factors will unravel important insights on the lifecycle of this groups of viruses. This review provides the latest update on the interplay between human host factors/processes and non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV). We focus on the interactions involved in viral attachment, entry, internalization, uncoating, replication, virion assembly and eventual egress of the NPEV from the infected cells. We emphasize on the virus-human host interplay and highlight existing knowledge gaps that needs further studies. Understanding the NPEV-human host factors interactions will be key in the design and development of vaccines as well as antivirals against enteroviral infections. Dissecting the role of human host factors during NPEV infection cycle will provide a clear picture of how NPEVs usurp the human cellular processes to establish an efficient infection. This will be a boost to the drug and vaccine development against enteroviruses which will be key in control and eventual elimination of the viral infections.
Example Output: Recent advances on the role of host factors during non-poliovirus enteroviral infections

Example Input: Human bocavirus (HBoV) was recently discovered in children with respiratory distress and/or diarrhea. To our knowledge, no previous study has reported the existence of bocavirus in Saudi Arabia. Swabs samples from 80 children with respiratory tract infections were examined for the presence of HBoV. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used as a sensitive method to detect the HBoV. Direct gene sequencing was used to determine the genotype of the detected virus isolates. HBoV was detected in 22.5% of the examined patients. The NP1 partial gene sequence from all patients showed that the circulated strains were related to HBoV-1 genotype. Most of HBoV infected patients showed evidence of mixed coinfection with other viral pathogens. The current study clearly demonstrated that genetically conserved HBoV1 circulates in Saudi Arabia. Interestingly, most of the HBoV1 infected cases were associated with high rates of co-infections with other viruses.
Example Output: Detection of Bocavirus in Children Suffering from Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Saudi Arabia

Example Input: In spite of the success of computational methods for predicting RNA secondary structure, the problem of predicting RNA tertiary structure folding remains. Low-resolution structural models show promise as they allow for rigorous statistical mechanical computation for the conformational entropies, free energies, and the coarse-grained structures of tertiary folds. Molecular dynamics refinement of coarse-grained structures leads to all-atom 3D structures. Modeling based on statistical mechanics principles also has the unique advantage of predicting the full free energy landscape, including local minima and the global free energy minimum. The energy landscapes combined with the 3D structures form the basis for quantitative predictions of RNA functions. In this chapter, we present an overview of statistical mechanical models for RNA folding and then focus on a recently developed RNA statistical mechanical model --the Vfold model. The main emphasis is placed on the physics underpinning the models, the computational strategies, and the connections to RNA biology. shown success in predicting RNA 3D structures. However, RNA function is determined not only by the minimum free energy state of the RNA, but also by the its folding stability and the potentially large conformational changes it can undergo. Understanding RNA function requires models that predict the full free energy landscape. Recent developments in statistical mechanical modeling of RNA folding have led to successes in predicting RNA structures, folding stabilities and folding kinetics for structures with increasing complexity. The models provide quantitative predictions and novel insights for a variety of experiments and RNA functions such as programmed ribosomal frameshifting (Cao and Chen 2009), mRNA splicing (Cao and Chen 2006a), and microRNA gene regulation (Kertesz et al. 2007; Long et al. 2007) . Despite the success of this approach, several key issues remain. These issues include the computation of the entropy for RNA tertiary folds and the extraction of the energy/entropy parameters for non-canonical tertiary interactions from thermodynamic data and known structures. The primary focus of this chapter is the application of methods based on statistical mechanics to predict RNA 3D structures and folding energy landscapes and to gain quantitative understanding of RNA functions. An RNA structure, defined by the nested Watson-Crick base pairs and the tertiary contacts contained in the 3D structure, can be conveniently represented by a polymer graph (Fig. 1) . Such a graph (= a 2D structure) usually corresponds to many 3D conformations due to the flexible conformations of the single-stranded regions. Following Chastain and Tinoco (Chastain and Tinoco 1991), tertiary and secondary (2D) structures can be classified as the polymer graphs with and without cross-links, respectively. Chemical and enzymatic reagents (Ehresmann et al. 1987 ) are highly effective structural probes for nucleic acids because the reactivity of a nucleotide can be sensitive to its local conformation and interactions, including base pairing and stacking, which are reflected in its solvent accessibility. Structure-probing experiments based on chemical and enzymatic reagents, such as the Selective 2′-Hydroxyl Acylation analyzed by Primer Extension (SHAPE) analysis (Watts et al. 2009 ) and synchrotron-generated hydroxyl radical footprinting (Petri and Brenowitz 1997) , give direct information about base pairing and local structures. The experimental data provide useful input as structural constraints for the computational modeling of complete 3D structures. In parallel with these the experimental developments, de novo computational modeling of RNA folding shows continuous improvements in the accuracy of the predictions of RNA structures, including the structures for long RNA sequences. Table 1 shows a list of the computational models for RNA structure prediction from single sequence input. For structure predictions from sequence CAO and CHEN The free energy for a pseudoknot is equal to the sum of the free energies for the helical stems and loops: ΔG pk = ΔG S 1 + ΔG S 2 + ΔG CS − TΔS loops , where ΔG S 1 and ΔG S 2 are the free energies of stems S 1 and S 2 and ΔG CS is the coaxial stacking energy between stems S 1 and S 2 . While the helix free energies can be evaluated from the nearest-neighbor model based on the empirical thermodynamic parameters for base stacks, to determine the loop entropy ΔS loops requires a physical model. CAO and CHEN 
Example Output:
Statistical mechanical modeling of RNA folding: from free energy landscape to tertiary structural prediction