In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
--------
Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``America's Law Enforcement and Mental 
Health Project''.

SEC. 2. MENTAL HEALTH DIVERSION COURTS.

    (a) Amendment.--Part V of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and 
Safe Streets Act of 1968 is amended to read as follows:

                ``PART V--MENTAL HEALTH DIVERSION COURTS

``SEC. 2201. GRANT AUTHORITY.

    ``The Attorney General may make grants to States, State courts, 
local courts, units of local government, and Indian tribal governments, 
acting directly or through agreements with other public or nonprofit 
entities, for 25 programs that involve--
            ``(1) continuing judicial supervision, including periodic 
        review at least every 45 days, over preliminarily qualified 
        offenders with mental illness, mental retardation, or co-
        occurring mental illness and substance abuse disorders who are 
        charged with nonviolent misdemeanors, for a period not to 
        exceed 1 year; and
            ``(2) the integrated administration of services, which 
        includes--
                    ``(A) specialized training of law enforcement and 
                judicial personnel to identify and address the unique 
                needs of a mentally ill or mentally retarded offender;
                    ``(B) voluntary diversion into outpatient or 
                inpatient mental health treatment that carries with it 
                the possibility of prosecution of the original criminal 
                charge if the mentally ill or mentally retarded 
                defendant is noncompliant with program requirements;
                    ``(C) centralized case management involving the 
                consolidation of all of a mentally ill or mentally 
                retarded defendant's misdemeanor cases, including 
                violations of misdemeanor probation, and the 
                coordination of all treatment plans of mental health 
                and social service providers; and
                    ``(D) life skills training, such as housing 
                placement, vocational training, education, job 
                placement, health care, and relapse prevention for each 
                participant who requires such services.

``SEC. 2202. DEFINITION.

    ``In this part the term `preliminarily qualified offender with 
mental illness, mental retardation, or co-occurring mental and 
substance abuse disorders' means a person who--
            ``(1)(A) previously or currently has been diagnosed by a 
        qualified mental health professional as having a mental 
        illness, mental retardation, or co-occurring mental illness and 
        substance abuse disorders; or
            ``(B) manifests obvious signs of mental illness, mental 
        retardation, or co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse 
        disorders during arrest or confinement or before any court; and
            ``(2) is deemed eligible for diversion by designated 
        judges.

``SEC. 2203. ADMINISTRATION.

    ``(a) Consultation.--The Attorney General shall consult with the 
Secretary of Health and Human Services and any other appropriate 
officials in carrying out this part.
    ``(b) Use of Components.--The Attorney General may utilize any 
component or components of the Department of Justice in carrying out 
this part.
    ``(c) Regulatory Authority.--The Attorney General shall issue 
regulations and guidelines necessary to carry out this part which 
include, but are not limited to, the methodologies and outcome measures 
proposed for evaluating each applicant program.
    ``(d) Applications.--In addition to any other requirements that may 
be specified by the Attorney General, an application for a grant under 
this part shall--
            ``(1) include a long-term strategy and detailed 
        implementation plan;
            ``(2) explain the applicant's inability to fund the program 
        adequately without Federal assistance;
            ``(3) certify that the Federal support provided will be 
        used to supplement, and not supplant, State, Indian tribal, and 
        local sources of funding that would otherwise be available;
            ``(4) identify related governmental or community 
        initiatives which complement or will be coordinated with the 
        proposal;
            ``(5) certify that there has been appropriate consultation 
        with all affected agencies and that there will be appropriate 
        coordination with all affected agencies in the implementation 
        of the program;
            ``(6) certify that participating offenders will be 
        supervised by one or more designated judges with responsibility 
        for the mental health diversion court program;
            ``(7) specify plans for obtaining necessary support and 
        continuing the proposed program following the conclusion of 
        Federal support; and
            ``(8) describe the methodology and outcome measures that 
        will be used in evaluating the program.

``SEC. 2204. APPLICATIONS.

    ``To request funds under this part, the chief executive or the 
chief justice of a State or the chief executive or chief judge of a 
unit of local government or Indian tribal government shall submit an 
application to the Attorney General in such form and containing such 
information as the Attorney General may reasonably require.

``SEC. 2205. FEDERAL SHARE.

    ``The Federal share of a grant made under this part may not exceed 
75 percent of the total costs of the program described in the 
application submitted under section 2205 for the fiscal year for which 
the program receives assistance under this part, unless the Attorney 
General waives, wholly or in part, the requirement of a matching 
contribution under this section. The use of the Federal share of a 
grant made under this part shall be limited to new expenses 
necessitated by the proposed diversion program, including the 
development of treatment services and the hiring and training of 
personnel. In-kind contributions may constitute a portion of the non-
Federal share of a grant.

``SEC. 2206. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.

    ``The Attorney General shall ensure that, to the extent 
practicable, an equitable geographic distribution of grant awards is 
made that considers the special needs of rural communities, Indian 
tribes, and Alaska Natives.

``SEC. 2207. REPORT.

    ``A State, Indian tribal government, or unit of local government 
that receives funds under this part during a fiscal year shall submit 
to the Attorney General a report in March of the following year 
regarding the effectiveness of this part.

``SEC. 2208. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRAINING, AND EVALUATION.

    ``(a) Technical Assistance and Training.--The Attorney General may 
provide technical assistance and training in furtherance of the 
purposes of this part.
    ``(b) Evaluations.--In addition to any evaluation requirements that 
may be prescribed for grantees, the Attorney General may carry out or 
make arrangements for evaluations of programs that receive support 
under this part.
    ``(c) Administration.--The technical assistance, training, and 
evaluations authorized by this section may be carried out directly by 
the Attorney General, in collaboration with the Secretary of Health and 
Human Services, or through grants, contracts, or other cooperative 
arrangements with other entities.''.
    (b) Technical Amendment.--The table of contents of title I of the 
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3711 et 
seq.), is amended by inserting after part U the following:

                ``Part V--Mental Health Diversion Courts

``Sec. 2201. Grant authority.
``Sec. 2202. Definition.
``Sec. 2203. Administration.
``Sec. 2204. Applications.
``Sec. 2205. Federal share.
``Sec. 2206. Geographic distribution.
``Sec. 2207. Report.
``Sec. 2208. Technical assistance, training, and evaluation.''.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 1001(a) of title I of 
the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 
3793(a)), is amended by inserting after paragraph (19) the following:
    ``(20) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out part V, 
$2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2000 through 2004.''.

Answer: America's Law Enforcement and Mental Health Project - Amends the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 to authorize the Attorney General to make grants to States, State courts, local courts, units of local government, and Indian tribal governments, acting directly or through agreements with other public or nonprofit entities, for 25 programs that involve: (1) continuing judicial supervision, including periodic review at least every 45 days, over preliminarily qualified offenders with mental illness, mental retardation, or co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse disorders who are charged with non-violent misdemeanors, for a period not to exceed one year; and (2) the integrated administration of services, which includes specialized training of law enforcement and judicial personnel to identify and address the unique needs of a mentally ill or mentally retarded offender, voluntary diversion into outpatient or inpatient mental health treatment that carries with it the possibility of prosecution of the original criminal charge if the mentally ill or mentally retarded defendant is noncompliant with program requirements, centralized case management involving the consolidation of all of a mentally ill or mentally retarded defendant's misdemeanor cases (including violations of misdemeanor probation) and the coordination of all treatment plans of mental health and social service providers, and life skills training. 
Defines "preliminarily qualified offender with mental illness, mental retardation, or co-occurring mental and substance abuse disorders" to mean a person who: (1) previously or currently has been diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional as having a mental illness, mental retardation, or co-occurring mental and substance abuse disorders or who manifests obvious signs of mental illness, mental retardation, or co-occurring mental and substance abuse disorders during arrest or confinement or before any court; and (2) is deemed eligible for diversion by designated judges. 
Directs the Attorney General to issue regulations and guidelines necessary to carry out this Act, including the methodologies and outcome measures proposed for evaluating each applicant program. 
Sets forth provisions regarding application requirements, the Federal cost share (75 percent), geographic distribution of grants, reporting requirements, and technical assistance, training, and evaluation.  Authorizes appropriations.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Research on Human Fetal Tissue 
Amendments of 1993''.

SEC. 2. ESTABLISHMENT OF AUTHORITIES AND PROTECTIONS REGARDING 
              TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN FETAL TISSUE.

    Part G of title IV of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 289 
et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 498 the following new 
section:

             ``research on transplantation of fetal tissue

    ``Sec. 498A. (a) Establishment of Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary may conduct or support 
        research on the transplantation of human fetal tissue for 
        therapeutic purposes.
            ``(2) Source of tissue.--Human fetal tissue may be used in 
        research carried out under paragraph (1) regardless of whether 
        the tissue is obtained pursuant to a spontaneous or induced 
        abortion or pursuant to a stillbirth.
    ``(b) Informed Consent of Donor.--
            ``(1) In general.--In research carried out under subsection 
        (a), human fetal tissue may be used only if the woman providing 
        the tissue makes a statement, made in writing and signed by the 
        woman, declaring that--
                    ``(A) the woman donates the fetal tissue for use in 
                research described in subsection (a);
                    ``(B) the donation is made without any restriction 
                regarding the identity of individuals who may be the 
                recipients of transplantations of the tissue; and
                    ``(C) the woman has not been informed of the 
                identity of any such individuals.
            ``(2) Additional statement.--In research carried out under 
        subsection (a), human fetal tissue may be used only if the 
        attending physician with respect to obtaining the tissue from 
        the woman involved makes a statement, made in writing and 
        signed by the physician, declaring that--
                    ``(A) in the case of tissue obtained pursuant to an 
                induced abortion--
                            ``(i) the consent of the woman for the 
                        abortion was obtained prior to requesting or 
                        obtaining consent for the tissue to be used in 
                        such research; and
                            ``(ii) no alteration of the timing, method, 
                        or procedures used to terminate the pregnancy 
                        was made solely for the purposes of obtaining 
                        the tissue;
                    ``(B) the tissue has been donated by the woman in 
                accordance with paragraph (1); and
                    ``(C) full disclosure has been provided to the 
                woman with regard to--
                            ``(i) such physician's interest, if any, in 
                        the research to be conducted with the tissue; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) any known medical risks to the woman 
                        or risks to her privacy that might be 
                        associated with the donation of the tissue and 
                        that are in addition to risks of such type that 
                        are associated with the woman's medical care.
    ``(c) Informed Consent of Researcher and Donee.--In research 
carried out under subsection (a), human fetal tissue may be used only 
if the individual with the principal responsibility for conducting the 
research involved makes a statement, made in writing and signed by the 
individual, declaring that the individual--
            ``(1) is aware that--
                    ``(A) the tissue is human fetal tissue;
                    ``(B) the tissue may have been obtained pursuant to 
                a spontaneous or induced abortion or subsequent to a 
                stillbirth; and
                    ``(C) the tissue was donated for research purposes;
            ``(2) has provided such information to other individuals 
        with responsibilities regarding the research;
            ``(3) will require, prior to obtaining the consent of an 
        individual to be a recipient of a transplantation of the 
        tissue, written acknowledgment of receipt of such information 
        by such recipient; and
            ``(4) has had no part in any decisions as to the timing, 
        method, or procedures used to terminate the pregnancy made 
        solely for the purposes of the research.
    ``(d) Availability of Statements for Audit.--
            ``(1) In general.--In research carried out under subsection 
        (a), human fetal tissue may be used only if the head of the 
        agency or other entity conducting the research involved 
        certifies to the Secretary that the statements required under 
        subsections (b)(2) and (c) will be available for audit by the 
        Secretary.
            ``(2) Confidentiality of audit.--Any audit conducted by the 
        Secretary pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be conducted in a 
        confidential manner to protect the privacy rights of the 
        individuals and entities involved in such research, including 
        such individuals and entities involved in the donation, 
        transfer, receipt, or transplantation of human fetal tissue. 
        With respect to any material or information obtained pursuant 
        to such audit, the Secretary shall--
                    ``(A) use such material or information only for the 
                purposes of verifying compliance with the requirements 
                of this section;
                    ``(B) not disclose or publish such material or 
                information, except where required by Federal law, in 
                which case such material or information shall be coded 
                in a manner such that the identities of such 
                individuals and entities are protected; and
                    ``(C) not maintain such material or information 
                after completion of such audit, except where necessary 
                for the purposes of such audit.
    ``(e) Applicability of State and Local Law.--
            ``(1) Research conducted by recipients of assistance.--The 
        Secretary may not provide support for research under subsection 
        (a) unless the applicant for the financial assistance involved 
        agrees to conduct the research in accordance with applicable 
        State and local law.
            ``(2) Research conducted by secretary.--The Secretary may 
        conduct research under subsection (a) only in accordance with 
        applicable State and local law.
    ``(f) Definition.--For purposes of this section, the term `human 
fetal tissue' means tissue or cells obtained from a dead human embryo 
or fetus after a spontaneous or induced abortion, or after a 
stillbirth.''.

SEC. 3. PURCHASE OF HUMAN FETAL TISSUE; SOLICITATION OR ACCEPTANCE OF 
              TISSUE AS DIRECTED DONATION FOR USE IN TRANSPLANTATION.

    Part G of title IV of the Public Health Service Act, as amended by 
section 2 of this Act, is amended by inserting after section 498A the 
following new section:

              ``prohibitions regarding human fetal tissue

    ``Sec. 498B. (a) Purchase of Tissue.--It shall be unlawful for any 
person to knowingly acquire, receive, or otherwise transfer any human 
fetal tissue for valuable consideration if the transfer affects 
interstate commerce.
    ``(b) Solicitation or Acceptance of Tissue as Directed Donation for 
Use in Transplantation.--It shall be unlawful for any person to solicit 
or knowingly acquire, receive, or accept a donation of human fetal 
tissue for the purpose of transplantation of such tissue into another 
person if the donation affects interstate commerce, the tissue will be 
or is obtained pursuant to an induced abortion, and--
            ``(1) the donation will be or is made pursuant to a promise 
        to the donating individual that the donated tissue will be 
        transplanted into a recipient specified by such individual;
            ``(2) the donated tissue will be transplanted into a 
        relative of the donating individual; or
            ``(3) the person who solicits or knowingly acquires, 
        receives, or accepts the donation has provided valuable 
        consideration for the costs associated with such abortion.
    ``(c) Criminal Penalties for Violations.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any person who violates subsection (a) 
        or (b) shall be fined in accordance with title 18, United 
        States Code, subject to paragraph (2), or imprisoned for not 
        more than 10 years, or both.
            ``(2) Penalties applicable to persons receiving 
        consideration.--With respect to the imposition of a fine under 
        paragraph (1), if the person involved violates subsection (a) 
        or (b)(3), a fine shall be imposed in an amount not less than 
        twice the amount of the valuable consideration received.
    ``(d) Definitions.--For purposes of this section:
            ``(1) The term `human fetal tissue' has the meaning given 
        such term in section 498A(f).
            ``(2) The term `interstate commerce' has the meaning given 
        such term in section 201(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
        Cosmetic Act.
            ``(3) The term `valuable consideration' does not include 
        reasonable payments associated with the transportation, 
        implantation, processing, preservation, quality control, or 
        storage of human fetal tissue.''.

SEC. 4. REPORT BY GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE ON ADEQUACY OF PROTECTIONS.

    (a) In General.--With respect to research on the transplantation of 
human fetal tissue for therapeutic purposes, the Comptroller General of 
the United States shall conduct an audit for the purpose of 
determining--
            (1) whether and to what extent such research conducted or 
        supported by the Secretary of Health and Human Services has 
        been conducted in accordance with section 498A of the Public 
        Health Service Act (as added by section 2 of this Act); and
            (2) whether and to what extent there have been violations 
        of section 498B of such Act (as added by section 3 of this 
        Act).
    (b) Report.--Not later than May 19, 1995, the Comptroller General 
of the United States shall complete the audit required in subsection 
(a) and submit to the Congress a report describing the findings made 
pursuant to the audit.

Answer: Research on Human Fetal Tissue Amendments of 1993 - Amends the Public Health Service Act to authorize and regulate research on human fetal tissue transplantation without regard to whether the tissue is obtained after a spontaneous or induced abortion or a stillbirth in accordance with State law. 
Imposes criminal penalties for:  (1) transferring such tissue for valuable consideration affecting interstate commerce; or (2) soliciting or receiving a directed donation.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Reducing Global Warming Pollution 
from Vehicles Act of 2008''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds that--
            (1) the State of California has regulated motor vehicle air 
        emissions more stringently than the Federal Government for more 
        than 40 years;
            (2) in recognition of the pioneering role of the State in 
        protecting public health and welfare from motor vehicle 
        emissions, Congress enacted section 209(b) of the Clean Air Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 7543(b)) that allows the Administrator of the 
        Environmental Protection Agency (referred to in this Act as the 
        ``Administrator'') to waive Federal preemption of motor vehicle 
        standards established by the State;
            (3) on December 21, 2005, the State requested a waiver of 
        preemption under that Act for the regulation of the State to 
        control greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles;
            (4) the regulation of the State requires a reduction in the 
        emissions of greenhouse gases from cars and light trucks sold 
        in the State;
            (5) once a waiver is granted to the State of California for 
        that regulation, other States may adopt the vehicle emission 
        standards established by the State of California;
            (6) as of the date of introduction of this Act--
                    (A) 14 other States have adopted or are adopting 
                the California standards, including Arizona, 
                Connecticut, Florida, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, 
                New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, 
                Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington;
                    (B) at least 4 additional States are moving toward 
                adopting the California standards, including Colorado, 
                Delaware, Illinois, and Utah; and
                    (C) taken together, those 19 States represent more 
                than half of the population of the United States;
            (7) the comments submitted to the Administrator 
        overwhelmingly supported the request of the State of California 
        for a waiver;
            (8) according to legal papers filed by the California 
        Attorney General, of the approximately 98,000 comments in the 
        docket of the Environmental Protection Agency, docket, more 
        than 99.9 percent supported the petition of the State;
            (9) notwithstanding that support, on December 19, 2007, 
        Administrator Stephen Johnson took the extraordinary step of 
        denying the request of the State, dated December 21, 2005, for 
        the waiver;
            (10) the flat denial by the Administrator of the waiver 
        request was unprecedented;
            (11) according to the Congressional Research Service, the 
        State of California has requested waivers of preemption under 
        section 209(b) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7543(b)) for 
        vehicle emission standards more than 50 times since that 
        provision was enacted, and the Administrator has never outright 
        denied such a request, but instead always granted the requests, 
        in whole or in part;
            (12) the denial of the Administrator of the waiver 
        reportedly overrode the overwhelming evidence presented by the 
        technical and legal staff of the Environmental Protection 
        Agency;
            (13) the Administrator sought to justify the denial of the 
        waiver by arguing that the waiver would create a ``confusing 
        patchwork'' of State regulations;
            (14) in fact, no such patchwork would result from the 
        granting of the waiver because, under the Clean Air Act (42 
        U.S.C. 6401 et seq.), if the waiver were granted, there would 
        continue to be 2 standards for vehicles, as there have been for 
        30 years--a weaker Federal standard, and a more stringent 
        California standard adopted by many States across the United 
        States;
            (15) the benefits of permitting the State of California to 
        establish more stringent vehicle standards, which are 
        subsequently adopted by other States, are well documented;
            (16) the National Academy of Sciences found in 2006 that in 
        ``forcing technology development, California has been a 
        laboratory for emissions-control innovations. . . . The 
        original reasons for which Congress authorized California to 
        have a separate set of standards remain valid. . . . California 
        should continue its pioneering role in setting mobile-source 
        emissions standards. The role will aid the State's efforts to 
        achieve air quality goals and will allow it to continue to be a 
        proving ground for new emissions-control technologies that 
        benefit California and the rest of the Nation.'';
            (17) the Administrator also sought to justify the denial of 
        the waiver by arguing that the national fuel economy standards 
        for vehicles enacted by the Energy Independence and Security 
        Act of 2007 (Public Law 110-140) would be ``more effective'' at 
        reducing emissions than the California standards;
            (18) however, an analysis by the California Air Resources 
        Board shows that the California standards, once fully adopted, 
        would result, by 2020, in approximately twice as large a 
        cumulative reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in California 
        as, and more than an 80 percent greater reduction in carbon 
        dioxide emissions nationally than, would be achieved under the 
        Federal program;
            (19) the argument of the Administrator that national fuel 
        economy standards eliminate the need for vehicle greenhouse gas 
        emission controls also runs counter to the analysis of the 
        Supreme Court in the landmark April 2007 decision of 
        Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency (127 S. Ct. 
        1438), in which the Supreme Court--
                    (A) rejected the argument of the Administrator that 
                the authority of the Department of Transportation to 
                regulate vehicle fuel efficiency undercuts the 
                authority of the Administrator to regulate greenhouse 
                gases from vehicles; and
                    (B) noted that the fact ``that DOT [the Department 
                of Transportation] sets mileage standards in no way 
                licenses EPA [the Environmental Protection Agency] to 
                shirk its environmental responsibilities. EPA has been 
                charged with protecting the public's `health' and 
                `welfare,' . . . a statutory obligation wholly 
                independent of DOT's mandate to promote energy 
                efficiency . . . The two obligations may overlap, but 
                there is no reason to think the two agencies cannot 
                both administer their obligations and yet avoid 
                inconsistency.''; and
            (20) it is the sense of Congress that the denial by the 
        Administrator of the request by the State of California for the 
        waiver is not supported by science, precedent, or applicable 
        law.
    (b) Purposes.--The purposes of this Act are--
            (1) to permit the State of California and other States to 
        immediately proceed under the regulation of the State of 
        California to control greenhouse gas emissions from motor 
        vehicles, rather than forcing the States to litigate for what 
        could be several years to vindicate their rights, while climate 
        change continues to threaten public health and the environment; 
        and
            (2) to provide certainty to automakers, the States, and the 
        public about future regulatory requirements for greenhouse gas 
        emissions from motor vehicles.

SEC. 3. WAIVER OF PREEMPTION FOR CALIFORNIA GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION 
              REGULATION FOR VEHICLES.

    Section 209 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7543) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Waiver.--Notwithstanding subsection (b) or any other 
provision of law, the application for a waiver of preemption dated 
December 21, 2005, submitted to the Administrator pursuant to 
subsection (b) by the State of California for the regulation of that 
State to control greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles shall be 
considered to be approved.''.

Answer:
Reducing Global Warming Pollution from Vehicles Act of 2008 - Amends the Clean Air Act to approve the application of the state of California for a waiver of federal preemption of its motor vehicle emission standards.