instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: To investigate patterns of detection and variables associated with early diagnosis of melanoma in a population at intermediate melanoma risk.', 'Survey.', 'Hospital and university centers belonging to the Italian Multidisciplinary Group on Melanoma.', 'Eight hundred sixteen patients who were consecutively diagnosed as having melanoma and treated at 11 participating centers.', "Relationship between patterns of detection and patient's and physician's delay with melanoma thickness, assessed by multivariate analysis.", "A statistically significant association with early diagnosis was found for female sex (odds ratio [OR] for a lesion >1 mm in thickness, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.97), higher educational level (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24-0.79), residence in northern and central Italy (compared with southern Italy) (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.30-0.65 and OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.15-0.37, respectively), and the habit of performing a skin self-examination (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45-0.93). When adjusted for all the previously mentioned variables, only melanoma detection made by a dermatologist, maybe incidentally, was associated with a statistically significant additional effect on early diagnosis (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.28-0.73). No significant effect of anatomical site (trunk compared with other sites: OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.59-1.17), presence of atypical nevi (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.52-1.17), and patient's delay (>3 months compared with < or =3 months: OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.78-1.60) was found.\Question: Are dermatologist detection and skin self-examination associated with thinner melanomas : results from a survey of the Italian Multidisciplinary Group on Melanoma?
answer:
Future melanoma early diagnosis strategies should adequately stress the role of skin self-examination among the adult population, and should recommend that dermatologists perform a total skin examination to identify suspect lesions (such an examination should also be performed during consultations for other reasons).


question:
Context: We studied the weight of decision-making on clinical assessment of melanocytic lesions judging benign, atypical, and malignant lesions; common mistakes; and total removal rates, comparing dermatologists with nondermatologists.', 'Of 11,246 histopathology specimens, 3,768 had a clinical assessment of melanocytic lesions. Histopathologic diagnosis served as the gold standard.', 'Benign nevi were assessed most accurately (77%). Dermatologists assessed benign nevi better (p < .0001). The accuracy of clinical assessment in atypical nevi and melanoma was lower (23% and 42%, respectively). Seborrheic keratosis was the most common mistaken diagnosis. Complete removal of clinically benign nevi, atypical nevi, and melanoma was 84%, 90%, and 89%. Decision-making impaired clinical assessement of melanocytic lesions by 5% for dermatologists and 9% for nondermatologists.\Question: Does weight of decision-making impair clinical assessment of melanocytic lesions?
answer:
The accuracy of clinical assessment of melanocytic lesions is high for benign nevi, with dermatologists outperforming nondermatologists. Clinicians overestimated malignant potential. Complete removal was more frequent in suspicious lesions. Clinical decision-making impaired assessment by 5 to 9%.


question:
Context: Various types of periacetabular osteotomies have been proposed to treat acetabular dysplasia for young and active patients. Acetabular dysplasia is prevalent in women and rare in men, therefore few reports exist concerning periacetabular osteotomy of male patients. The purpose of this study is to clarify the gender differences in surgical techniques, radiographic and clinical outcomes.', 'Between 1989 and 2007, we performed 530 eccentric rotational acetabular osteotomies and followed them annually for more than five years. Thirty-six male patients were investigated. As a control group, 72 female patients were matched for age and preoperative stage of osteoarthritis at the time of surgery. We evaluated operative time and blood loss, radiographic parameters, Harris Hip Score (HHS) and survival rate. We investigated the clinical and radiographic differences between men and women.', 'The mean operative time was 148 min in males and 135 min in females. The bleeding during surgery was 445 g in males and 351 g in females. HHS improved 94.1 points in males and 93.5 points in women postoperatively. The mean CE angle improved 31.7° in males and 35.1° in females. The mean AHI was 90.8% in males and 94.1% in females postoperatively. The survival rate of male patients were 92.8% and that of female patients were 98.1%.\Question: Does gender difference affect the outcomes of eccentric rotational acetabular osteotomy used in hip dysplasia?
answer:

The mean operative time and the blood loss were not significantly different between male and female patients. Postoperative CE angle tended to be smaller in male than female patients. The survival rate was not significantly different between males and females. Gender difference did not affect the clinical outcomes of ERAO in patients with hip dysplasia.