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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Taxpayer Debt Buy-Down Act''.

SEC. 2. DESIGNATION OF AMOUNTS FOR REDUCTION OF PUBLIC DEBT.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter A of chapter 61 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 (relating to returns and records) is amended by adding at 
the end the following new part:

          ``PART IX--DESIGNATION FOR REDUCTION OF PUBLIC DEBT.

                              ``Sec. 6097. Designation.

``SEC. 6097. DESIGNATION.

    ``(a) In General.--Every individual with adjusted income tax 
liability for any taxable year may designate that a portion of such 
liability (not to exceed 10 percent thereof) shall be used to reduce 
the public debt.
    ``(b) Manner and Time of Designation.--A designation under 
subsection (a) may be made with respect to any taxable year only at the 
time of filing the return of tax imposed by chapter 1 for the taxable 
year. The designation shall be made on the first page of the return or 
on the page bearing the taxpayer's signature.
    ``(c) Adjusted Income Tax Liability.--For purposes of this section, 
the term `adjusted income tax liability' means income tax liability (as 
defined in section 6096(b)) reduced by any amount designated under 
section 6096 (relating to designation of income tax payments to 
Presidential Election Campaign Fund).''
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of parts for such subchapter A 
is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

                              ``Part IX. Designation for reduction of 
                                        public debt.''
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this 
Act.

SEC. 3. PUBLIC DEBT REDUCTION TRUST FUND.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter A of chapter 98 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 (relating to trust fund code) is amended by adding at the 
end the following section:

``SEC. 9512. PUBLIC DEBT REDUCTION TRUST FUND.

    ``(a) Creation of Trust Fund.--There is established in the Treasury 
of the United States a trust fund to be known as the `Public Debt 
Reduction Trust Fund', consisting of any amount appropriated or 
credited to the Trust Fund as provided in this section or section 
9602(b).
    ``(b) Transfers to Trust Fund.--There are hereby appropriated to 
the Public Debt Reduction Trust Fund amounts equivalent to the amounts 
designated under section 6097 (relating to designation for public debt 
reduction).
    ``(c) Expenditures.--Amounts in the Public Debt Reduction Trust 
Fund shall be available only for purposes of paying at maturity, or to 
redeem or buy before maturity, any obligation of the Federal Government 
included in the public debt. Any obligation which is paid, redeemed, or 
bought with amounts from such Trust Fund shall be canceled and retired 
and may not be reissued.''
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for such subchapter 
is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

                              ``Sec. 9512. Public Debt Reduction Trust 
                                        Fund.''
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to amounts received after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 4. TAXPAYER-GENERATED SEQUESTRATION OF FEDERAL SPENDING TO REDUCE 
              THE PUBLIC DEBT.

    (a) Sequestration To Reduce the Public Debt.--Part C of the 
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 is amended by 
adding after section 253 the following new section:

``SEC. 253A. SEQUESTRATION TO REDUCE THE PUBLIC DEBT.

    ``(a) Sequestration.--Notwithstanding sections 255 and 256, within 
15 days after Congress adjourns to end a session, and on the same day 
as sequestration (if any) under sections 251, 252, and 253, but after 
any sequestration required by those sections, there shall be a 
sequestration equivalent to the estimated aggregate amount designated 
under section 6097 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for the last 
taxable year ending before the beginning of that session of Congress, 
as estimated by the Department of the Treasury on May 1 and as modified 
by the total of (1) any amounts by which net discretionary spending is 
reduced by legislation below the discretionary spending limits (or, in 
the absence of such limits, any net deficit change from the baseline 
amount calculated under section 257, except that such baseline for 
fiscal year 1996 and thereafter shall be based upon fiscal year 1995 
enacted appropriations less any 1995 sequesters) and (2) the net 
deficit change that has resulted from direct spending legislation.
    ``(b) Applicability.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided by paragraph (2), 
        each account of the United States shall be reduced by a dollar 
        amount calculated by multiplying the level of budgetary 
        resources in that account at that time by the uniform 
        percentage necessary to carry out subsection (a). All 
        obligational authority reduced under this section shall be done 
        in a manner that makes such reductions permanent.
            ``(2) Exempt accounts.--No order issued under this part 
        may--
                    ``(A) reduce benefits payable the old-age, 
                survivors, and disability insurance program established 
                under title II of the Social Security Act;
                    ``(B) reduce payments for net interest (all of 
                major functional category 900); or
                    ``(C) make any reduction in the following accounts:
                            ``Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 
                        Bank Insurance Fund;
                            ``Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 
                        FSLIC Resolution Fund;
                            ``Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 
                        Savings Association Insurance Fund;
                            ``National Credit Union Administration, 
                        credit union share insurance fund; or
                            ``Resolution Trust Corporation.''.
    (b) Reports.--Section 254 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
Deficit Control Act of 1985 is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting before the item 
        relating to August 10 the following:
    ``May 1 . . . Department of Treasury report to Congress estimating 
amount of income tax designated pursuant to section 6097 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986.'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(1), by inserting ``, and 
        sequestration to reduce the public debt,'';
            (3) in subsection (d), by redesignating paragraph (5) as 
        paragraph (6) and by inserting after paragraph (4) the 
        following new paragraph:
            ``(5) Sequestration to reduce the public debt reports.--The 
        preview reports shall set forth for the budget year estimates 
        for each of the following:
                    ``(A) The aggregate amount designated under section 
                6097 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for the last 
                taxable year ending before the budget year.
                    ``(B) The amount of reductions required under 
                section 253A and the deficit remaining after those 
                reductions have been made.
                    ``(C) The sequestration percentage necessary to 
                achieve the required reduction in accounts under 
                section 253A(b).''; and
            (4) in subsection (g), by redesignating paragraphs (4) and 
        (5) as paragraphs (5) and (6), respectively, and by inserting 
        after paragraph (3) the following new paragraph:
            ``(4) Sequestration to reduce the public debt reports.--The 
        final reports shall contain all of the information contained in 
        the public debt taxation designation report required on May 
        1.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--Notwithstanding section 275(b) of the Balanced 
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, the expiration date 
set forth in that section shall not apply to the amendments made by 
this section. The amendments made by this section shall cease to have 
any effect after the first fiscal year during which there is no public 
debt.
Taxpayer Debt Buy-Down Act - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow every individual with adjusted income tax liability to designate on their tax returns that a portion of such liability (not to exceed ten percent) be used to reduce the public debt. 
Establishes a Public Debt Reduction Trust Fund for the deposit of designated amounts.  Makes amounts in such Trust Fund available only to pay at maturity, or to redeem or buy before maturity, any obligation of the Federal Government included in the public debt.  Prohibits the reissuance of any obligation which is paid, redeemed, or bought with amounts from the Trust Fund. 
Amends the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act) to provide for the sequestration of amounts designated to the Trust Fund.  Specifies accounts exempt from such sequestration.  Includes aggregated amounts designated to the Trust Fund and amounts sequestered to reduce the public debt in sequestration preview and final reports.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Federal Workforce Reduction Act of 
2010''.

SEC. 2. REDUCING THE NUMBER OF FEDERAL EMPLOYEES.

    Section 3101 of title 5, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Each Executive agency'' and inserting 
        ``(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), each Executive 
        agency''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(b) Reduction in Number of Employees.--
            ``(1) Hiring freeze.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
        during fiscal year 2011 and each succeeding fiscal year for 
        which the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (in 
        such manner as the Director determines to be appropriate) 
        projects a Federal budget deficit, the head of an Executive 
        agency may not appoint any individual to a position in the 
        agency.
            ``(2) Permitting appointments from federal workforce hiring 
        pool.--
                    ``(A) Establishment of pool.--The President shall 
                establish a Federal workforce hiring pool consisting of 
                positions which may be allocated among all Executive 
                agencies.
                    ``(B) Procedures.--The head of an Executive agency 
                may appoint an individual to a position in the agency 
                if--
                            ``(i) there is a position available in the 
                        Federal workforce hiring pool;
                            ``(ii) the head of the Executive agency 
                        submits a request to the President for the 
                        allocation of a position in the Federal 
                        workforce hiring pool to the agency for 
                        purposes of making an appointment; and
                            ``(iii) the President approves the request.
                    ``(C) Process and criteria for approving 
                requests.--The President shall promulgate regulations--
                            ``(i) setting forth the process by which 
                        the head of an Executive agency may make a 
                        request under this subsection; and
                            ``(ii) setting forth the criteria by which 
                        the President shall determine on a competitive 
                        basis whether to approve a request by the head 
                        of an Executive agency under this subsection.
                    ``(D) Number of positions in pool.--
                            ``(i) Initial number.--As of the first day 
                        of fiscal year 2011, the number of positions in 
                        the Federal workforce hiring pool shall equal 
                        zero.
                            ``(ii) Changes to initial number.--After 
                        the first day of fiscal year 2011, the number 
                        of positions in the Federal workforce hiring 
                        pool--
                                    ``(I) shall increase by .50 for 
                                each full-time-equivalent position in 
                                any Executive agency which subsequently 
                                becomes vacant; and
                                    ``(II) shall decrease by 1.0 for 
                                each request for a full-time equivalent 
                                position which is approved by the 
                                President under this subsection.
            ``(3) Waiver in case of emergency or need to protect 
        national security.--The President may waive this subsection 
        with respect to the hiring of an employee for a position upon a 
        determination by the President that--
                    ``(A) the existence of a state of war or other 
                national security concern so requires; or
                    ``(B) the existence of an extraordinary emergency 
                threatening life, health, safety, or property so 
                requires.
            ``(4) Action through opm.--The President shall carry out 
        this subsection through the Director of the Office of Personnel 
        Management, who shall consult with the Director of the Office 
        of Management and Budget.
            ``(5) Reports to congress.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the 
                end of each quarter of a fiscal year, the President 
                shall provide Congress with a report containing a list 
                of each appointment approved by the President under 
                this subsection during the quarter, broken down by 
                executive agency.
                    ``(B) Information included.--The list contained in 
                a report provided to Congress under subparagraph (A) 
                shall include a description of the position associated 
                with each approved appointment, but shall not provide 
                any information that may be used to identify the 
                individual appointed to the position.
                    ``(C) Public dissemination.--The President shall 
                make each report provided to Congress under 
                subparagraph (A) available to the public by posting the 
                report on the official public website of the Executive 
                Office of the President in a searchable, sortable, and 
                downloadable manner.
            ``(6) Exclusion of certain executive agencies.--This 
        subsection does not apply to--
                    ``(A) the Department of Defense;
                    ``(B) the Department of Homeland Security; or
                    ``(C) the Department of Veterans' Affairs.''.
Federal Workforce Reduction Act of 2010 - Prohibits the head of an executive agency from appointing any individual to a position in the agency in any fiscal year for which the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) projects a federal budget deficit. Makes an exception if: (1) there is a position available in the federal workforce hiring pool (to be established by the President); and (2) the President approves an agency head's request for the allocation of a position in the pool to the agency.

Sets the number of positions in the hiring pool at zero as of the first day of FY2011, after which the number shall: (1) increase by .50 for each full time-equivalent position in any agency which subsequently becomes vacant; and (2) decrease by 1.0 for each request for a full time-equivalent position that is approved by the President. Authorizes the President to waive this limitation upon determining that such waiver is required by the existence of a state of war, other national security concern, or an extraordinary emergency threatening life, health, safety, or property.

 Exempts the Department of Defense (DOD), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Adult Day Center Enhancement Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds the following:
            (1) One in 6 people in the United States lives with a 
        neurological disease or condition that can often result in 
        disability, and which may require the individual to seek 
        assistance in carrying out the activities of daily living. 
        Neurological diseases or conditions such as multiple sclerosis 
        (MS), early-onset Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain 
        injury (TBI) can also typically affect younger adults in the 
        middle of their lives.
            (2) Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, often disabling 
        disease that attacks the central nervous system with symptoms 
        ranging from numbness in limbs to paralysis and loss of vision. 
        Most people with MS are diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50 
        years of age. MS is a leading cause of disability in young 
        adults. Persons living with MS who experience more severe forms 
        of the disease are likely to require either home care or 
        nursing home placement, though the vast majority would prefer 
        to remain at home to receive the care they need. Where home 
        care is concerned, approximately 80 percent of such care is 
        provided by unpaid caregivers who are generally family members.
            (3) Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive 
        neurological disease. The four primary symptoms of Parkinson's 
        disease are tremor, or trembling in hands, arms, legs, jaw, and 
        face; rigidity, or stiffness of the limbs and trunk; 
        bradykinesia, or slowness of movement; and postural 
        instability, or impaired balance and coordination. Other 
        symptoms may include cognitive changes; difficulty in 
        swallowing, chewing, and speaking; urinary problems or 
        constipation; skin problems; and sleep disruptions. As these 
        symptoms become more pronounced, patients may have difficulty 
        walking, talking, or completing other simple tasks. It is 
        estimated that nearly 500,000 to 1,500,000 people live with 
        Parkinson's and of those 5 to 10 percent are diagnosed younger 
        than 60 and deemed ``early-onset''.
            (4) Traumatic brain injury is a neurological condition that 
        typically results from a blow or jolt to the head or a 
        penetrating head injury and that can impact one or more parts 
        of the brain, thereby temporarily or permanently disrupting 
        normal brain function. The Centers for Disease Control and 
        Prevention estimates that 1,700,000 TBIs occur annually, 
        resulting in disabilities affecting up to 90,000 people among a 
        broad range of age groups. Traumatic brain injury is also a 
        serious issue that affects military servicemembers. Estimates 
        in prior military conflicts indicate that TBI was present in 
        14-20 percent of surviving casualties.
            (5) Family caregivers are a crucial source of support and 
        assistance for individuals suffering with disabilities. Family 
        caregivers, the majority of whom are women, provide an 
        estimated $470,000,000,000 in ``free'' services annually. The 
        supply of family caregivers is unlikely to keep pace with 
        future demand. The caregiver support ratio of potential 
        caregivers aged 45 to 64 for each person aged 80 and older, for 
        instance, is 7 to 1 in 2010, 4 to 1 in 2030, and 3 to 1 in 
        2050.
            (6) The majority of family caregivers (or 53 percent) are 
        caring for someone ages 18 to 74. Forty-seven percent of family 
        caregivers are caring for someone 75 or older.
            (7) Adult day programs can offer services, including 
        medical care, rehabilitation therapies, dignified assistance 
        with the activities of daily living, nutrition therapy, health 
        monitoring, social interaction, stimulating activities, and 
        transportation to seniors, people with disabilities, and 
        younger adults with chronic diseases.
            (8) Adult day programs geared toward people living with 
        neurological diseases or conditions such as MS, Parkinson's 
        disease, TBI, or other similar diseases or conditions provide 
        an important response to the needs of people living with these 
        conditions and their family caregivers. Adult day programs can 
        help to ameliorate symptoms, reduce dependency, provide 
        important socialization opportunities, and maintain quality of 
        life.
            (9) Adult day programs have been shown to provide a range 
        of documented benefits including improvements in functional 
        status, social support, and reductions in fatigue, depression 
        and pain. Adult day programs also reduce ongoing medical care 
        and hospital costs and decrease admissions to nursing home 
        facilities, which can be costly for many families, by allowing 
        individuals to receive health and social services while 
        continuing to live at home.
            (10) There are currently few adult day programs focused on 
        younger adult populations in the United States. Although young 
        people living with neurological diseases or conditions may be 
        able to access existing adult day programs, such programs are 
        not typically intended for younger adults living with chronic 
        diseases or conditions, and may not provide the appropriate 
        services to meet the age-related or disability status of these 
        individuals.

SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF ADULT DAY PROGRAMS.

    (a) Survey of Existing Adult Day Programs.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this section, the Assistant Secretary for 
        Aging shall initiate a comprehensive survey of current adult 
        day programs that provide care and support to individuals 
        including young adults living with neurological diseases or 
        conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, 
        traumatic brain injury, or any similar disease or condition.
            (2) Survey elements.--In carrying out the survey under 
        paragraph (1), the Assistant Secretary for Aging may utilize 
        existing publicly available research on adult day programs, and 
        shall--
                    (A) identify ongoing successful adult day programs, 
                including by providing a brief description of how such 
                programs were initially established and funded;
                    (B) identify which adult day programs are serving 
                young adults living with neurological diseases or 
                conditions;
                    (C) develop a set of best practices to help guide 
                the establishment and replication of additional 
                successful adult day programs, including--
                            (i) program guidelines;
                            (ii) recommendations on the scope of 
                        services that should be provided to individuals 
                        with neurological diseases or conditions 
                        including young adults (which may include 
                        rehabilitation therapy, psychosocial support, 
                        social stimulation and interaction, and 
                        spiritual, educational, or other such 
                        services); and
                            (iii) performance goals and indicators to 
                        measure and analyze the outcomes generated by 
                        the services provided and to evaluate the 
                        overall success of the program; and
                    (D) evaluate the extent to which the Administration 
                for Community Living supports adult day programs, 
                either directly or indirectly, through current Federal 
                grant programs.
            (3) Report.--Not later than 180 days after initiating the 
        survey under paragraph (1), the Assistant Secretary for Aging 
        shall produce and make publicly available a summary report on 
        the results of the survey. Such report shall include each of 
        the elements described in paragraph (2).
    (b) Establishment of Grant Program.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after producing the 
        report required by subsection (a)(3), the Assistant Secretary 
        for Aging shall establish within the Administration for 
        Community Living a competitive grant program for awarding 
        grants annually to eligible entities, based on the best 
        practices developed under subsection (a), to fund adult day 
        programs serving younger people with neurological diseases or 
        conditions.
            (2) Eligible entities.--In order to be eligible for a grant 
        under this subsection, an entity shall demonstrate the 
        following:
                    (A) Understanding of the special needs of younger 
                people living with neurological diseases or conditions 
                such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, 
                traumatic brain injury, or other similar diseases or 
                conditions, including their functional abilities and 
                the potential complications across all types of cases 
                and stages of such diseases or conditions.
                    (B) Understanding of the issues experienced by 
                family caregivers who assist a family member with 
                neurological diseases or conditions such as multiple 
                sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, 
                or other similar diseases or conditions.
                    (C) A capacity to provide the services recommended 
                by the best practices developed under subsection (a).
            (3) Additional selection requirement.--The Assistant 
        Secretary for Aging shall not award a grant to an entity under 
        this subsection if the amount of the award would constitute 
        more than 40 percent of the operating budget of the entity in 
        the fiscal year for which funds for the grant are authorized to 
        be expended. For purposes of this subsection, the fair market 
        value of annual in-kind contributions of equipment or services 
        shall be considered as part of the operating budget of the 
        entity.
            (4) Selection of grant recipients.--Not later than 90 days 
        after establishing the grant program under this subsection, the 
        Assistant Secretary for Aging shall award the first annual 
        series of grants under the program. In awarding grants under 
        this subsection, the Assistant Secretary should ensure, to the 
        extent practicable, a diverse geographic representation among 
        grant recipients and that, subject to the availability of 
        appropriations--
                    (A) a minimum of 5 entities are selected as grant 
                recipients for the first fiscal year for which such 
                grants are awarded;
                    (B) a minimum of 10 entities are selected as grant 
                recipients for the second such fiscal year;
                    (C) a minimum of 12 entities are selected as grant 
                recipients for the third such fiscal year; and
                    (D) a minimum of 15 entities are selected as grant 
                recipients for the fourth such fiscal year.
            (5) Report.--No later than 1 year after the initial award 
        of grants under this subsection, and annually thereafter, the 
        Assistant Secretary for Aging shall produce and make publicly 
        available a brief summary report on the grant program under 
        this section. Each such report shall include the following:
                    (A) A description of the adult day programs 
                receiving funding under this section, including the 
                amount of Federal funding awarded and the expected 
                outcomes of each program.
                    (B) A description of performance goals and 
                indicators to monitor the progress of grant recipients 
                in--
                            (i) responding to the needs of younger 
                        individuals living with neurological diseases 
                        or conditions such as multiple sclerosis, 
                        Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, or 
                        other similar diseases or conditions; and
                            (ii) assisting the family caregivers of 
                        such individuals.
                    (C) Any plans for improving oversight and 
                management of the grant program.
    (c) Definitions.--In this Act:
            (1) The term ``adult day program'' means a program that 
        provides comprehensive and effective care and support services 
        to individuals living with neurological diseases or conditions 
        such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, traumatic 
        brain injury, or other similar diseases or conditions that may 
        result in a functional or degenerative disability and to their 
        family caregivers and that may assist participants in ways 
        that--
                    (A) maintain or improve their functional abilities, 
                or otherwise help them adjust to their changing 
                functional abilities;
                    (B) prevent the onset of complications associated 
                with severe forms of the disease or condition;
                    (C) promote alternatives to placement in nursing 
                homes;
                    (D) reduce the strain on family caregivers taking 
                care of a family member living with such diseases or 
                conditions;
                    (E) focus on supporting the emotional, social, and 
                intellectual needs of a younger adult population; or
                    (F) address the needs of veterans living with such 
                diseases or conditions.
            (2) The term ``family caregiver'' means a family member or 
        foster parent who provides unpaid assistance (which may include 
        in-home monitoring, management, supervision, care and 
        treatment, or other similar assistance) to another adult family 
        member with a special need.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out this section, in 
addition to amounts otherwise made available for such purpose, there 
are authorized to be appropriated, and to remain available until 
expended, the following:
            (1) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2017.
            (2) $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2018.
            (3) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.
            (4) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2020.
            (5) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2021.

Adult Day Center Enhancement Act This bill requires the Administration on Aging (AOA) to initiate a comprehensive survey of current adult day programs that provide care and support to individuals with neurological diseases or conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, or traumatic brain injury. The AOA must identify ongoing successful adult day programs and which of these serve young adults with neurological conditions and develop best practices to guide the establishment of additional successful adult day programs. The AOA must award grants for adult day programs that serve younger people with neurological conditions. An &quot;adult day program&quot; is defined as a program that provides comprehensive care and support services to individuals with neurological conditions and to their family caregivers and that may assist participants in ways that:  maintain or improve their functional abilities or otherwise help them adjust to their changing functional abilities; prevent the onset of complications associated with severe forms of the condition; promote alternatives to placement in nursing homes; reduce the strain on family caregivers of individuals with neurological conditions; focus on supporting the emotional, social, and intellectual needs of a younger adult population; or address the needs of veterans with neurological conditions.