Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.

What did the American Philosophical Society do with the memoir what did they produce in 1809?
What did the American Philosophical Society produce in 1809?

What is the longest um no the shortest river in Germany?
What is the shortest river in Germany?

What is not a cause of immune surveillance no tumor antigens?

What is not a cause of tumor antigens?