instruction:
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
question:
This man was the subject of a 1949 Henry Cowell opera designed as a satire against Dwight Eisenhower. He died in exile after a conservative coup led by his successor, Ramn Freire. When his father became viceroy of Peru, he was sent to London, where he met Francisco de Miranda and joined the independentist Lautaro Lodge. He began his public life as a deputy to the Cabildo from La Laja. His cavalry charge at the battle of Chacabuco allowed him to enter Santiago in triumph along with Jose de San Martin in March 1818. FTP, name this descendant of Irish officers in Spanish service, the first ruler of an independent Chile.
answer:
History


question:
A functor named for this mathematician can be interpreted as the first group homology group with integral coefficients. A cellular automaton discovered by Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld that displays self-organized criticality is a "sandpile model" named for him. This mathematician names a class of theorems showing that various summation methods are regular, i.e., that they give the correct result for convergent series. Grothendieck introduced categories named for this mathematician in his Tohoku paper; those categories are a general setting for homological algebra and allow morphisms and objects to be added. This non-Italian mathematician gave the first complete proof of the insolubility of the quintic by radicals. Groups that satisfy the commutative law and many other mathematical concepts are named for, FTP, what Norwegian mathematician who died at the age of 26, thus making everyone else look like a chump
answer:
Science


question:
It's not Cherenkov radiation, but this type of radiation is faintly visible to observers who are accustomed to a darkened room as a blue glow seeming to originate within the eye. This type of radiation is emitted when an electron in copper transitions from the L shell to the K shell, in a process which is used to provide a source in crystallography. This type of radiation was inelastically scattered by electrons in the first observation of the Compton Effect. Sometimes known as Rontgen radiation, for 10 points, name this type of electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength lies between UV and gamma rays.
answer:

Science