Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Endurance exercise demonstrates beneficial effects in polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM); however, the molecular effects of exercise on skeletal muscle are incompletely understood. We undertook this controlled pilot study to investigate the effects of a 12-week endurance exercise training program on the molecular profile of skeletal muscle in patients with established PM/DM compared to a nonexercised control group of patients with established PM/DM.', 'Fifteen patients (7 in the exercise group and 8 in the control group) with paired baseline and 12-week follow-up muscle biopsy samples were included. Messenger RNA expression profiling, mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on muscle biopsy samples to determine molecular adaptations associated with changes in clinical measurements induced by endurance exercise.', 'Compared to the control group, the exercise group improved in minutes of cycling time (P\u2009<\u20090.01) and Vo2 max (P\u2009<\u20090.05). The exercise group also had reduced disease activity (P\u2009<\u20090.05) and reduced lactate levels at exhaustion (P\u2009<\u20090.05). Genes related to capillary growth, mitochondrial biogenesis, protein synthesis, cytoskeletal remodeling, and muscle hypertrophy were up-regulated in the exercise group, while genes related to inflammation/immune response and endoplasmic reticulum stress were down-regulated. Mitochondrial pathways including the oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway were most affected by the endurance exercise, as demonstrated by proteomics analysis. The exercise group also showed a higher number of capillaries per mm(2) in follow-up biopsy samples (P\u2009<\u20090.05).
Answer: Our data indicate that endurance exercise in patients with established PM and DM may activate an aerobic phenotype and promote muscle growth and simultaneously suppress the inflammatory response in these patients' muscles, as supported by a combination of data on gene expression, proteomics, and capillary density in repeated muscle biopsies.
Does endurance Exercise improve Molecular Pathways of Aerobic Metabolism in Patients With Myositis?

Context: To assess the effect of newborn circumcision on the incidence and medical costs of urinary tract infection (UTI) during the first year of life for patients in a large health maintenance organization.', 'Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California (KPNC).', 'The population consisted of members of KPNC. The study group consisted of a cohort of 28 812 infants delivered during 1996 at KPNC hospitals; of the 14 893 male infants in the group, 9668 (64.9%) were circumcised. A second cohort of 20 587 infants born in 1997 and monitored for 12 months was analyzed to determine incidence rates.', 'Retrospective study of all infants consecutively delivered at 12 facilities.', 'Diagnosis of UTI was determined from the KPNC computerized database using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code for inpatients and KPNC Outpatient Summary Clinical Record codes for outpatients. A sample of 52 patient charts was reviewed to confirm the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and KPNC Outpatient Summary Clinical Record codes and provide additional data.', 'Infants <1 year old who were born in 1996 had 446 UTIs (292 in females; 154 in males); 132 (86%) of the UTIs in males occurred in uncircumcised boys. The mean total cost of managing UTI was 2 times as high in males ($1111) as in females ($542). This higher total cost reflected the higher rate of hospital admission in uncircumcised males with UTIs (27.3%) compared with females (7.5%); mean age at hospitalization for UTI was 2.5 months old for uncircumcised boys and 6.5 months old for girls. In 1996, total cost of managing UTI in uncircumcised males ($155 628) was 10 times higher than for circumcised males ($15 466) despite the fact that uncircumcised males made up only 35.1% of the male patient base in 1996, reflecting the more frequent occurrence of UTI in uncircumcised males (132 episodes) than in circumcised males (22 episodes), and the larger number of hospital admissions in uncircumcised males (38) than in circumcised males (4). The incidence of UTI in the first year of life was 1:47 (2.15%) in uncircumcised males, 1:455 (.22%) in circumcised males, and 1:49 (2. 05%) in females. The odds ratio of UTI in uncircumcised:circumcised males was 9.1:1.
Answer: Newborn circumcision results in a 9. 1-fold decrease in incidence of UTI during the first year of life as well as markedly lower UTI-related medical costs and rate of hospital admissions. Newborn circumcision during the first year of life is, thus, a valuable preventive health measure, particularly in the first 3 months of life, when uncircumcised males are most likely to be hospitalized with severe UTI.
Does newborn circumcision decrease incidence and costs of urinary tract infections during the first year of life?

Context: MiRNAs has been shown to be implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases including cancer. Dysregulation of miR-744 is common in a number of cancers, indicating miR-774 might be closely correlated with the tumorigenesis process. However, the role and clinical significance of miR-774 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is poorly known. Thus the aim of this study is to investigate whether there was any clinical value of serum miR-744 in detecting and predicting the prognosis of NPC.', 'Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression level of serum miR-744 in patients with NPC and the healthy volunteers. The changes in serum miR-744 expression level of NPC patients after receiving chemo-radiotherapy were also evaluated. The association between pre-treatment serum miR-744 expression level and NPC clinicopathological parameters was investigated. Finally we employed Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the clinical value of serum miR-744 in predicting the prognosis of NPC.', 'Our study showed the expression level of serum miR-744 was significant higher in patients with NPC in comparison with healthy controls (P<0.01). The serum miR-744 expression level was down-regulated significantly in NPC patients after receiving chemo-radiotherapy (P<0.01). The Pre-treatment Serum miR-744 expression level was correlated with various important NPC clinicopathological parameters including N stage, clinical stage and grade. In addition, NPC patients with higher serum miR-744 expression had poorer 5 year overall survival rate and relapse-free survival rate. What was more, serum miR-744 was showed to be an independent factor for predicting the prognosis of NPC.
Answer: Serum miR-744 was up-regulated in NPC patients. Higher expression level of serum miR-744 was closely correlated with was associated with poor prognosis in NPC and it might be employed as a potential biomarker for predicting the clinical outcome of NPC patients.

Does up-regulation of serum miR-744 predict poor prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma?