In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[EX Q]: to the extent the court of appeal decisions in ashford v. culver city unified school dist., supra, 130 cal.app.4th 344, 29 cal.rptr.3d 728, sierra club v. contra costa county., supra, 10 cal.app.4th 1212, 13 cal.rptr.2d 182, newman v. state personnel bd., supra, 10 cal.app.4th 41, 12 cal.rptr.2d 601, and resource defense fund v. local agency formation com., supra, 191 cal.app.3d 886, 236 cal.rptr. 794, are inconsistent with the views expressed herein, those decisions are disapproved.
[EX A]: overruling

[EX Q]: in reaching that conclusion, we recede from the previous holding of this court in hall v. state, 505 so.2d 657, 658 (fla. 2d dca), cause dismissed, 509 so.2d 1117 (fla. 1987), in which we stated that an essential element of proof in regard to the crime of robbery is "that the accused had the specific intent to permanently deprive the owner of property.
[EX A]: overruling

[EX Q]: defendant's class x conviction of armed violence is governed by sections 33a-2 and 33a-3 of the criminal code of 2012 (720 ilcs 5/33a-2(a), 33a-3(a) (west 2014)).
[EX A]:
non-overruling