Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: The lung is exposed to airborne fungal spores, and fungi that colonize the oral cavity such as Candida albicans, but does not develop disease to opportunistic fungal pathogens unless the immune system is compromised. The Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α) is activated in response to Candida albicans infection resulting in the release of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid production. Although eicosanoids such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes modulate inflammation and immune responses, the role of cPLA2α and eicosanoids in regulating C. albicans lung infection is not understood.', 'The responses of cPLA2α(+/+) and cPLA2α(-/-) Balb/c mice to intratracheal instillation of C. albicans were compared. After challenge, we evaluated weight loss, organ fungal burden, and the recruitment of cells and the levels of cytokines and eicosanoids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The ability of macrophages and neutrophils from cPLA2α(+/+) and cPLA2α(-/-) mice to recognize and kill C. albicans was also compared.', 'After C. albicans instillation, cPLA2α(+/+) mice recovered a modest weight loss by 48\xa0h and completely cleared fungi from the lung by 12\xa0h with no dissemination to the kidneys. In cPLA2α(-/-) mice, weight loss continued for 72\xa0h, C. albicans was not completely cleared from the lung and disseminated to the kidneys. cPLA2α(-/-) mice exhibited greater signs of inflammation including higher neutrophil influx, and elevated levels of albumin and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IL1α, IL1β, TNFα, IL6, CSF2, CXCL1, CCL20) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The amounts of cysteinyl leukotrienes, thromboxane B2 and prostaglandin E2 were significantly lower in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from C. albicans-infected cPLA2α(-/-) mice compared to cPLA2α(+/+) mice. Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils from uninfected cPLA2α(-/-) mice exhibited less killing of C. albicans in vitro than cells from cPLA2α(+/+) mice. In addition alveolar macrophages from cPLA2α(-/-) mice isolated 6\xa0h after instillation of GFP-C. albicans contained fewer internalized fungi than cPLA2α(+/+) macrophages.
Answer: The results demonstrate that cPLA2α contributes to immune surveillance and host defense in the lung to prevent infection by the commensal fungus C. albicans and to dampen inflammation.

Output: Does cytosolic phospholipase A2 contribute to innate immune defense against Candida albicans lung infection?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Isotretinoin is effective in the treatment of severe acne and rosacea. Both parent drug and its main metabolite 4-oxo-isotretinoin are potentially teratogenic compounds and contain a carboxylic acid moiety. In the presence of ethanol, naturally occurring as well as synthetic retinoids also containing a carboxylic acid moiety are capable of undergoing an ethyl esterification with the metabolic formation of more lipophilic compounds with a much longer terminal half-life.', 'To determine if isotretinoin (13-cis-RA), its main metabolite 4-oxo-isotretinoin (4-oxo-13-cis-RA), and other possible metabolites in the presence or absence of ethanol are converted to their corresponding ethyl derivatives in patients with severe acne or rosacea after multiple isotretinoin dosing. In addition, pharmacokinetic parameters of the parent drug and its 4-oxo metabolite were determined.', 'Eleven patients with severe acne or rosacea were treated with isotretinoin daily for 3 months and investigated pharmacokinetically during 24 h after 1 month of treatment and for up to 28 days after discontinuation of therapy. A possible influence of ethanol was evaluated using a simple self-administered questionnaire and by measuring serum ethanol levels during treatment. The concentrations of isotretinoin, 4-oxo-isotretinoin and possible ethylated and nonethylated metabolites were measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.', "Although seven of 11 patients had a considerable weekly alcohol intake, no endogenous synthesis of ethyl derivatives of isotretinoin, the main 4-oxo metabolite or the all-trans compounds was chromatographically detectable in any of the patients' plasma samples during the treatment period. Multiple dose pharmacokinetic data for the parent drug and its main metabolite were comparable to previous studies.
Answer: The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of isotretinoin and its main metabolites are not influenced by ethanol during long-term isotretinoin treatment. After ceasing long-term isotretinoin therapy the recommended period of 1 month for using anticonceptive measures in fertile women seems adequate.

Output: Are the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of isotretinoin in patients with acne and rosacea influenced by ethanol?


Input: Consider Input: Context: N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) produces dilatation of cerebral arterioles that is dependent on production of nitric oxide (NO). In these experiments we examined the hypothesis that cerebral vasodilatation in response to NMDA is mediated by the neuronal isoform of NO synthase.', 'We measured diameters of cerebral arterioles (baseline diameter, 89 +/- 7 microns) using a closed cranial window in anesthetized rabbits that received either vehicle (10 mL/kg IP peanut oil) or 7-nitroindazole (7-NI; 50 mg/kg IP). 7-NI is reported to be a selective inhibitor of neuronal NO synthase.', 'Two hours after administration of 7-NI, activity of brain NO synthase (measured by conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline) was reduced by 33% compared with vehicle (24 +/- 1 versus 16 +/- 3 pmol/min per milligram protein; n = 7; P < .05). Dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to NMDA (100 and 300 mumol/L) was inhibited by 30% to 40% by 7-NI compared with responses in the presence of vehicle (23 +/- 6% versus 14 +/- 5% and 30 +/- 4% versus 21 +/- 5%, respectively; P < .05 for both concentrations; n = 10). In contrast, vasodilatation in response to acetylcholine (1 mumol/L) was similar in vehicle- and 7-NI-treated animals (17 +/- 5% versus 21 +/- 4%; P > .05).
Answer: These findings suggest that vasodilatation in response to NMDA is mediated by neuronally derived NO. 7-NI appears to produce selective inhibition of brain NO synthase but not endothelial NO synthase.


Output: Does 7-Nitroindazole inhibit brain nitric oxide synthase and cerebral vasodilatation in response to N-methyl-D-aspartate?