Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: Endothelial Microparticles (EMP) are small fragments of endothelial cell membrane shed during apoptosis or activation. Our group has previously reported elevations of EMP in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), pre-eclampsia, multiple sclerosis (MS), and severe hypertension (HTN). In the present study, we evaluate the possible relationship between EMP levels and the angiographic severity and characteristics of coronary obstructive lesions.', 'We studied a total of 43 patients undergoing coronary angiography. Fifteen had presented with acute myocardial infarction (MI), 20 with unstable anginas (UA), 5 with stable angina (SA) and 3 with congestive heart failure. Coronary angiography was reviewed and coronary lesions were classified using the Ambrose classification. Coronary stenoses were classified as high and low risk. High-risk included lesions with eccentric appearance (type II), presence of thrombi, or multiple irregularities. Low-risk lesions were defined as concentric or type I. Lesions were also analyzed by degree of stenosis and history of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). EMP in plasma was assayed by flow cytometry.', 'EMP in eccentric type II or multiple irregular lesions (high-risk) were 2.5-fold higher than in type I or concentric (low-risk) lesions, p<0.05. Lesions with thrombi had three-fold higher EMP than those without (p=0.05). Mild stenosis (>20%-<45%) had three-fold higher EMP than more severe (>45%), and five-fold higher than those without stenosis (p<0.01). Among patients with type II lesions, those with first ACS episode had four-fold higher EMP levels than those with recurrent ACS (p<0.01).

Output: 0


Input: Consider Input: One-fifth of patients with seemingly 'curable' pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) experience an early recurrence and death, receiving no definable benefit from a major operation. Some patients with advanced stage tumors are deemed 'unresectable' by conventional staging criteria (e.g. liver metastasis), yet progress slowly. Effective biomarkers that stratify PDA based on biologic behavior are needed. To help researchers sort through the maze of biomarker data, a compendium of ∼2500 published candidate biomarkers in PDA was compiled (PLoS Med, 2009. 6(4) p. e1000046).", 'Building on this compendium, we constructed a survival tissue microarray (termed s-TMA) comprised of short-term (cancer-specific death <12 months, n\u200a=\u200a58) and long-term survivors (>30 months, n\u200a=\u200a79) who underwent resection for PDA (total, n\u200a=\u200a137). The s-TMA functions as a biological filter to identify bona fide prognostic markers associated with survival group extremes (at least 18 months separate survival groups). Based on a stringent selection process, 13 putative PDA biomarkers were identified from the public biomarker repository. Candidates were tested against the s-TMA by immunohistochemistry to identify the best markers of tumor biology. In a multivariate model, MUC1 (odds ratio, OR\u200a=\u200a28.95, 3+ vs. negative expression, p\u200a=\u200a0.004) and MSLN (OR\u200a=\u200a12.47, 3+ vs. negative expression, p\u200a=\u200a0.01) were highly predictive of early cancer-specific death. By comparison, pathologic factors (size, lymph node metastases, resection margin status, and grade) had ORs below three, and none reached statistical significance. ROC curves were used to compare the four pathologic prognostic features (ROC area\u200a=\u200a0.70) to three univariate molecular predictors (MUC1, MSLN, MUC2) of survival group (ROC area\u200a=\u200a0.80, p\u200a=\u200a0.07).

Output: 0


Input: Consider Input: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) was recently proposed as a novel adipokine linked to insulin resistance (IR). As IR represents a cluster of disorders in hepatic and muscle cell insulin signalisation, we aimed to assess the possible correlation between fasting serum DPP4 activity, IR and liver enzymes in order to elucidate the question of hepatic contribution to serum DPP4 activity.', 'This cross-sectional study comprised 44 T1DM patients aged 18 to 65years. IR was estimated using the equation derived from euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies-estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR). DPP4 serum activity was determined spectrophotometrically as a rate of cleavage of 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (AMC) from H-Gly-Pro-AMC. The patients were divided into two groups according to the mean value of fasting serum DPP4 activity (31.42U/L).', 'The group with lower fasting serum DPP4 activity had lower mean rate of liver biomarkers alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p=0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p=0.002) while higher eGDR (p=0.003) compared to group with higher DPP4 activity. DPP4 activity showed positive correlation with AST (r=0.358, p=0.017) and ALT (r=0.364, p=0.015) while negative correlation with eGDR (r=-0.612, p<0.001). ALT remained positively associated with fasting serum DPP4 activity after controlling for age, gender, diabetes duration, the use of statins and antihypertensives (p=0.025).


Output: 1