In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Sunshine in Academic Admissions 
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Citizens and taxpayers have a right to know whether 
        federally funded institutions of higher education are treating 
        student applications differently depending on the student's 
        race, color, or national origin, and, if so, the way in which 
        these factors are weighted and the consequences to students and 
        prospective students of these decisions.
            (2) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 codified this 
        right, forbidding in statute discrimination on the basis of 
        race, color, or national origin by federally funded 
        institutions, which includes nearly all colleges and 
        universities.
            (3) This prohibition has largely been ignored by the 
        Supreme Court, which has allowed racially discriminatory 
        admissions.
            (4) However, in Fisher v. University of Texas, the United 
        States Supreme Court in 2013 affirmed that strict scrutiny 
        should be applied to university admissions programs to ensure 
        diversity is not defined as ``mere racial balancing,'' but has 
        a compelling state interest to achieve diversity. The Fisher 
        case clarified that any such discrimination is only permitted 
        if it is necessary to achieve the educational benefits of a 
        racially diverse student body.
            (5) Therefore, colleges and universities must reevaluate 
        their use of racially selective admissions policies. The costs 
        of such policies cannot outweigh the supposed benefits. If a 
        less discriminatory means could achieve similar results, the 
        discrimination is not permissible.
            (6) In order to ensure that these limitations are followed, 
        colleges and federally funded institutions of higher education 
        must make public through annual reports their use of race, 
        color, and national origin, for admissions decisions so that 
        Federal and State enforcement agencies and interested persons 
        can monitor the schools.
            (7) Additionally, college and universities must provide 
        evidence sufficient to demonstrate that any such discrimination 
        does not exceed the limits imposed by the Fisher case.
            (8) Academic ``mismatch'' refers to a significant 
        discrepancy in academic qualifications between various groups 
        within a student body, and is encouraged when universities 
        lower their academic standards to artificially achieve a 
        particular composition.
            (9) Mismatch works a harm because it sets particular 
        students up for lower than average achievement, higher dropout 
        rates, less competitive majors and, perhaps most damaging, a 
        disproportionately large student loan burden.

SEC. 3. REPORT ON CONSIDERATION OF RACE, COLOR, OR NATIONAL ORIGIN IN 
              STUDENT ADMISSIONS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, each institution of 
higher education participating in programs under title IV of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 shall submit to the Secretary of Education a 
report in accordance with this section.
    (b) Contents of Report.--
            (1) Disclosure of consideration of race, color, or national 
        origin in student admissions.--The report shall include a 
        statement indicating whether race, color, or national origin is 
        given weight in the student admissions process of the 
        institution or any department of the institution.
            (2) Additional disclosures.--If the disclosure under 
        paragraph (1) states that race, color, or national origin is 
        given weight in the student admissions process of an 
        institution or department, then the report shall include the 
        following information with respect to the institution or 
        department:
                    (A) The racial, color, and national origin groups 
                for which membership is considered a plus factor or a 
                minus factor and, in addition, how membership in a 
                group is determined for individual students.
                    (B) A description of how group membership is 
                considered, including the weight given to such 
                consideration and whether targets, goals, or quotas are 
                used.
                    (C) A statement explaining why group membership is 
                given weight, including the determination of the 
                desired level claimed and, with respect to the 
                diversity rationale, its relationship to the particular 
                educational mission of the institution or department.
                    (D) A description of the consideration that has 
                been given to racially neutral or less discriminatory 
                alternatives as a means for achieving the same goals 
                for which group membership is considered.
                    (E) A description of how frequently the need to 
                give weight to group membership is reassessed and how 
                that reassessment is conducted.
                    (F) An identification of the factors other than 
                race, color, or national origin that are collected in 
                the admissions process. If the factors described in the 
                preceding sentence include grades or class rank in high 
                school, scores on standardized tests (including the ACT 
                and SAT), legacy status, sex, State residency, economic 
                status, or other quantifiable criteria, then all raw 
                admissions data for applicants regarding these factors, 
                along with each individual applicant's race, color, and 
                national origin and the admissions decision made by the 
                school regarding that applicant, shall accompany the 
                report in computer-readable form, with the name of the 
                individual student redacted but with appropriate links, 
                so that it is possible for the Secretary of Education 
                or other interested persons to determine through 
                statistical analysis the weight being given to race, 
                color, and national origin, relative to other factors.
                    (G) An analysis, and also the underlying data 
                needed to perform an analysis, of whether there is a 
                correlation--
                            (i) between membership in a group favored 
                        on account of race, color, or national origin 
                        and the likelihood of enrollment in a 
                        remediation program, relative to membership in 
                        other groups;
                            (ii) between such membership and graduation 
                        rates, relative to membership in other groups; 
                        and
                            (iii) between such membership and the 
                        likelihood of defaulting on education loans, 
                        relative to membership in other groups.
    (c) Public Availability.--The institution shall make the report 
publicly available.

SEC. 4. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed to allow or permit 
preference or discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national 
origin.

SEC. 5. DEFINITION.

    In this Act, the term ``institution of higher education'' has the 
meaning given the term in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002), except that the term does not include an 
institution of higher education outside the United States.

Answer: Sunshine in Academic Admissions Act This bill requires each institution of higher education that participates in a program under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 to submit an annual report to the Department of Education that states whether the institution gives weight to race, color, or national origin in the admissions process and, if yes, provides certain additional disclosures.  The institution must make the report publicly available. 


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Taxpayer Debt Buy-Down Act''.

SEC. 2. DESIGNATION OF AMOUNTS FOR REDUCTION OF PUBLIC DEBT.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter A of chapter 61 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 (relating to returns and records) is amended by adding at 
the end the following new part:

          ``PART IX--DESIGNATION FOR REDUCTION OF PUBLIC DEBT.

                              ``Sec. 6097. Designation.

``SEC. 6097. DESIGNATION.

    ``(a) In General.--Every individual with adjusted income tax 
liability for any taxable year may designate that a portion of such 
liability (not to exceed 10 percent thereof) shall be used to reduce 
the public debt.
    ``(b) Manner and Time of Designation.--A designation under 
subsection (a) may be made with respect to any taxable year only at the 
time of filing the return of tax imposed by chapter 1 for the taxable 
year. The designation shall be made on the first page of the return or 
on the page bearing the taxpayer's signature.
    ``(c) Adjusted Income Tax Liability.--For purposes of this section, 
the term `adjusted income tax liability' means income tax liability (as 
defined in section 6096(b)) reduced by any amount designated under 
section 6096 (relating to designation of income tax payments to 
Presidential Election Campaign Fund).''
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of parts for such subchapter A 
is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

                              ``Part IX. Designation for reduction of 
                                        public debt.''
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years ending after the date of the enactment of this 
Act.

SEC. 3. PUBLIC DEBT REDUCTION TRUST FUND.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter A of chapter 98 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 (relating to trust fund code) is amended by adding at the 
end the following section:

``SEC. 9512. PUBLIC DEBT REDUCTION TRUST FUND.

    ``(a) Creation of Trust Fund.--There is established in the Treasury 
of the United States a trust fund to be known as the `Public Debt 
Reduction Trust Fund', consisting of any amount appropriated or 
credited to the Trust Fund as provided in this section or section 
9602(b).
    ``(b) Transfers to Trust Fund.--There are hereby appropriated to 
the Public Debt Reduction Trust Fund amounts equivalent to the amounts 
designated under section 6097 (relating to designation for public debt 
reduction).
    ``(c) Expenditures.--Amounts in the Public Debt Reduction Trust 
Fund shall be available only for purposes of paying at maturity, or to 
redeem or buy before maturity, any obligation of the Federal Government 
included in the public debt. Any obligation which is paid, redeemed, or 
bought with amounts from such Trust Fund shall be canceled and retired 
and may not be reissued.''
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for such subchapter 
is amended by adding at the end the following new item:

                              ``Sec. 9512. Public Debt Reduction Trust 
                                        Fund.''
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to amounts received after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 4. TAXPAYER-GENERATED SEQUESTRATION OF FEDERAL SPENDING TO REDUCE 
              THE PUBLIC DEBT.

    (a) Sequestration To Reduce the Public Debt.--Part C of the 
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 is amended by 
adding after section 253 the following new section:

``SEC. 253A. SEQUESTRATION TO REDUCE THE PUBLIC DEBT.

    ``(a) Sequestration.--Notwithstanding sections 255 and 256, within 
15 days after Congress adjourns to end a session, and on the same day 
as sequestration (if any) under sections 251, 252, and 253, but after 
any sequestration required by those sections, there shall be a 
sequestration equivalent to the estimated aggregate amount designated 
under section 6097 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for the last 
taxable year ending before the beginning of that session of Congress, 
as estimated by the Department of the Treasury on May 1 and as modified 
by the total of (1) any amounts by which net discretionary spending is 
reduced by legislation below the discretionary spending limits (or, in 
the absence of such limits, any net deficit change from the baseline 
amount calculated under section 257, except that such baseline for 
fiscal year 1996 and thereafter shall be based upon fiscal year 1995 
enacted appropriations less any 1995 sequesters) and (2) the net 
deficit change that has resulted from direct spending legislation.
    ``(b) Applicability.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided by paragraph (2), 
        each account of the United States shall be reduced by a dollar 
        amount calculated by multiplying the level of budgetary 
        resources in that account at that time by the uniform 
        percentage necessary to carry out subsection (a). All 
        obligational authority reduced under this section shall be done 
        in a manner that makes such reductions permanent.
            ``(2) Exempt accounts.--No order issued under this part 
        may--
                    ``(A) reduce benefits payable the old-age, 
                survivors, and disability insurance program established 
                under title II of the Social Security Act;
                    ``(B) reduce payments for net interest (all of 
                major functional category 900); or
                    ``(C) make any reduction in the following accounts:
                            ``Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 
                        Bank Insurance Fund;
                            ``Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 
                        FSLIC Resolution Fund;
                            ``Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 
                        Savings Association Insurance Fund;
                            ``National Credit Union Administration, 
                        credit union share insurance fund; or
                            ``Resolution Trust Corporation.''.
    (b) Reports.--Section 254 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
Deficit Control Act of 1985 is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by inserting before the item 
        relating to August 10 the following:
    ``May 1 . . . Department of Treasury report to Congress estimating 
amount of income tax designated pursuant to section 6097 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986.'';
            (2) in subsection (d)(1), by inserting ``, and 
        sequestration to reduce the public debt,'';
            (3) in subsection (d), by redesignating paragraph (5) as 
        paragraph (6) and by inserting after paragraph (4) the 
        following new paragraph:
            ``(5) Sequestration to reduce the public debt reports.--The 
        preview reports shall set forth for the budget year estimates 
        for each of the following:
                    ``(A) The aggregate amount designated under section 
                6097 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for the last 
                taxable year ending before the budget year.
                    ``(B) The amount of reductions required under 
                section 253A and the deficit remaining after those 
                reductions have been made.
                    ``(C) The sequestration percentage necessary to 
                achieve the required reduction in accounts under 
                section 253A(b).''; and
            (4) in subsection (g), by redesignating paragraphs (4) and 
        (5) as paragraphs (5) and (6), respectively, and by inserting 
        after paragraph (3) the following new paragraph:
            ``(4) Sequestration to reduce the public debt reports.--The 
        final reports shall contain all of the information contained in 
        the public debt taxation designation report required on May 
        1.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--Notwithstanding section 275(b) of the Balanced 
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, the expiration date 
set forth in that section shall not apply to the amendments made by 
this section. The amendments made by this section shall cease to have 
any effect after the first fiscal year during which there is no public 
debt.

Answer: Taxpayer Debt Buy-Down Act - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow every individual with adjusted income tax liability to designate on their tax returns that a portion of such liability (not to exceed ten percent) be used to reduce the public debt. 
Establishes a Public Debt Reduction Trust Fund for the deposit of designated amounts.  Makes amounts in such Trust Fund available only to pay at maturity, or to redeem or buy before maturity, any obligation of the Federal Government included in the public debt.  Prohibits the reissuance of any obligation which is paid, redeemed, or bought with amounts from the Trust Fund. 
Amends the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act) to provide for the sequestration of amounts designated to the Trust Fund.  Specifies accounts exempt from such sequestration.  Includes aggregated amounts designated to the Trust Fund and amounts sequestered to reduce the public debt in sequestration preview and final reports.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Earned Income Tax 
Credit Improvement and Simplification Act 2015''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Certain improvements in the earned income tax credit made 
                            permanent.
Sec. 3. Strengthening the earned income tax credit for individuals with 
                            no qualifying children.
Sec. 4. Taxpayer eligible for credit for individuals with no qualifying 
                            children if qualifying children do not have 
                            valid Social Security numbers.
Sec. 5. Credit allowed in case of certain separated spouses.
Sec. 6. Taxpayer eligible for credit without qualifying child if 
                            qualifying child claimed by another member 
                            of family.
Sec. 7. Elimination of disqualified investment income test.

SEC. 2. CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EARNED INCOME TAX CREDIT MADE 
              PERMANENT.

    (a) Increase in Credit Percentage for Three or More Qualifying 
Children Made Permanent.--Section 32(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1986 is amended to read as follows:
            ``(1) Percentages.--The credit percentage and the phaseout 
        percentage shall be determined in accordance with the following 
        table:


------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ``In the case of  an eligible         The credit       The phaseout
           individual with:             percentage is:    percentage is:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 qualifying child...................               34             15.98
2 qualifying children................               40             21.06
3 or more qualifying children........               45             21.06
No qualifying children...............             7.65           7.65''.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Reduction of Marriage Penalty Made Permanent.--
            (1) In general.--Section 32(b)(2)(B) of such Code is 
        amended to read as follows:
                    ``(B) Joint returns.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In the case of a joint 
                        return filed by an eligible individual and such 
                        individual's spouse, the phaseout amount 
                        determined under subparagraph (A) shall be 
                        increased by $5,000.
                            ``(ii) Inflation adjustment.--In the case 
                        of any taxable year beginning after 2014, the 
                        $5,000 amount in clause (i) shall be increased 
                        by an amount equal to--
                                    ``(I) such dollar amount, 
                                multiplied by
                                    ``(II) the cost of living 
                                adjustment determined under section 
                                1(f)(3) for the calendar year in which 
                                the taxable year begins determined by 
                                substituting `calendar year 2009' for 
                                `calendar year 1992' in subparagraph 
                                (B) thereof.
                            ``(iii) Rounding.--Subparagraph (A) of 
                        subsection (j)(2) shall apply after taking into 
                        account any increase under clause (ii).''.
    (c) Conforming Amendment.--Section 32(b) of such Code is amended by 
striking paragraph (3).
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

SEC. 3. STRENGTHENING THE EARNED INCOME TAX CREDIT FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH 
              NO QUALIFYING CHILDREN.

    (a) Credit for Certain Individuals Over Age 21.--
            (1) In general.--Section 32(c)(1) of the Internal Revenue 
        Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new 
        subparagraph:
                    ``(G) Special rule for working individuals over age 
                20 and without qualifying child.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In the case of an 
                        individual (or, if the individual is married, 
                        either the individual or the individual's 
                        spouse) who--
                                    ``(I) has attained the age of 21 
                                but not attained age 25 before the 
                                close of the taxable year, and
                                    ``(II) is not a full-time student 
                                at any time during the taxable year,
                        paragraph (1)(A)(ii)(II) shall not apply for 
                        purposes of determining whether such individual 
                        is an eligible individual.
                            ``(ii) Student.--For purposes of this 
                        subparagraph, an individual shall be considered 
                        a full-time student if such individual is 
                        carrying more than \1/2\ the normal full-time 
                        work load for the course of study the 
                        individual is pursuing.''.
            (2) Information return matching.--Not later than 1 year 
        after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 
        the Treasury shall develop and implement procedures for 
        checking an individual's claim for a credit under section 32 of 
        the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, by reason of subsection 
        (c)(1)(G) thereof, against any information return made with 
        respect to such individual under section 6050S (relating to 
        returns relating to higher education tuition and related 
        expenses).
    (b) Increased Credit.--
            (1) Credit percentage and phaseout percentage.--The table 
        contained in section 32(b)(1)(A) of such Code, as amended by 
        this Act, is amended by striking ``7.65'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``15.3''.
            (2) Earned income amount and phaseout amount.--
                    (A) In general.--The table contained in section 
                32(b)(2)(A) of such Code is amended--
                            (i) by striking ``$4,220'' and inserting 
                        ``$8,820'', and
                            (ii) by striking ``$5,280'' and inserting 
                        ``$10,425''.
                    (B) Inflation adjustments.--Section 32(j)(1)(B) of 
                such Code is amended--
                            (i) by inserting ``except as provided in 
                        clause (iii)'' in clause (i) before ``in the 
                        case of amounts'',
                            (ii) by striking ``and'' at the end of 
                        clause (i), by striking the period at the end 
                        of clause (ii) and inserting ``, and'', and by 
                        adding at the end the following new clause:
                            ``(iii) in the case of the $8,820 and 
                        $10,425 amounts in subsection (b)(2)(A), by 
                        substituting `calendar year 2012' for `calendar 
                        year 1992' in subparagraph (B) of such section 
                        1.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

SEC. 4. TAXPAYER ELIGIBLE FOR CREDIT FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH NO QUALIFYING 
              CHILDREN IF QUALIFYING CHILDREN DO NOT HAVE VALID SOCIAL 
              SECURITY NUMBERS.

    (a) In General.--Section 32(c)(1)(F) of the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1986 is amended to read as follows:
                    ``(F) Individuals who do not include tin, etc., of 
                any qualifying child.--In the case of any eligible 
                individual who has one or more qualifying children, 
                if--
                            ``(i) no qualifying child of such 
                        individual is taken into account under 
                        subsection (b) by reason of paragraph (3)(D), 
                        and
                            ``(ii) no child of such individual is taken 
                        into account for purposes of any other child 
                        tax benefit under this chapter,
                for purposes of the credit allowed under this section, 
                such individual may be considered an eligible 
                individual without a qualifying child.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section shall apply 
to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2014.

SEC. 5. CREDIT ALLOWED IN CASE OF CERTAIN SEPARATED SPOUSES.

    (a) In General.--Section 32(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
is amended--
            (1) by striking ``Married Individuals.--In the case of'' 
        and inserting the following: ``Married Individuals.--
            ``(1) In general.--In the case of'', and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(2) Special rule for separated spouse.--An individual 
        shall not be treated as married for purposes of this section if 
        such individual--
                    ``(A) is married (within the meaning of section 
                7703(a)) and files a separate return for the taxable 
                year,
                    ``(B) lives with a qualifying child of the 
                individual for more than one-half of such taxable year, 
                and
                    ``(C)(i) during the last 6 months such taxable 
                year, does not have the same principal place of abode 
                as the individual's spouse, or
                    ``(ii) has a legally binding separation agreement 
                with the individual's spouse and is not a member of the 
                same household with the individual's spouse by the end 
                of the taxable year.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

SEC. 6. TAXPAYER ELIGIBLE FOR CREDIT WITHOUT QUALIFYING CHILD IF 
              QUALIFYING CHILD CLAIMED BY ANOTHER MEMBER OF FAMILY.

    (a) In General.--Section 32(c)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(G) Taxpayer eligible for credit without 
                qualifying child if qualifying child claimed by another 
                member of family.--
                            ``(i) In general.--If--
                                    ``(I) an individual is claimed as a 
                                qualifying child by an eligible 
                                individual for any taxable year of such 
                                eligible individual beginning in a 
                                calendar year, and
                                    ``(II) such individual is the 
                                qualifying child of another eligible 
                                individual for any taxable year 
                                beginning in such calendar year,
                        such other eligible individual may be treated 
                        as an eligible individual without a qualifying 
                        child for purposes of this section for such 
                        taxable year.
                            ``(ii) Exception for qualifying child 
                        claimed by parent.--If an individual is claimed 
                        as a qualifying child for any taxable year by a 
                        parent of such child, clause (i) shall not 
                        apply with respect to any other custodial 
                        parent of such child.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section shall apply 
to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 7. ELIMINATION OF DISQUALIFIED INVESTMENT INCOME TEST.

    (a) In General.--Section 32 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is 
amended by striking subsection (i).
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 32(j)(1)(B)(i) of such Code is amended by 
        striking ``subsections (b)(2)(A) and (i)(1)'' and inserting 
        ``subsection (b)(2)(A)''.
            (2) Section 32(j)(2) of such Code is amended--
                    (A) by striking paragraph (2), and
                    (B) by striking ``Rounding.--'' and all that 
                follows through ``If any dollar amount'' and inserting 
                the following: ``Rounding.--If any dollar amount''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

Answer:
Earned Income Tax Credit Improvement and Simplification Act 2015  Amends the Internal Revenue Code, with respect to the earned income tax credit, to: (1) make permanent the increase in the rate of such credit for taxpayers with three or more qualifying children and the reduction in the amount of the marriage penalty for such credit; (2) allow such credit for an individual with no qualifying children who has attained the age of 21 but not 25 and is not a full-time student, and whose qualifying children do not have valid social security numbers; (3) revise eligibility rules relating to married individuals living apart and qualifying children claimed by another family member; and (4) repeal the denial of such credit for taxpayers with excess investment income.