Given a document, generate a short title of the document. The title should convey the main idea/event/topic about which the document is being written. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].

[EX Q]: Itâs not as if fake news in America came into existence alongside the tide known as the Trump presidencyâthe hucksters  foreign propagandists  conspiracy theorists  and fabricators have always been hereâbut if ever there was a year when purposefully misleading or false stories hit their stride  2017 might have been it.  We  were told that an ISIS leader was captured at a US airport  and that Shariah law was instituted in Utah and other states. A study found that 25 million votes for Hillary Clinton were âcompletely fraudulent â and the Las Vegas massacre was carried out by antifa  or ISIS  or the Illuminati  or somehow all three. The lies went on and on  picking up where 2016âs catalogue of nonsense left off. (Remember Hillary Clintonâs child sex trafficking ring run out of a pizzeria  or Sarah Palin banning Muslims from âenteringâ her daughter? How about Alec Baldwin dying  and Trump winning the electoral vote and the popular vote?)
But now  we âre at the dawn of a fresh year  privy to the forces that seek to sow confusion and outrage. Can American society overcome the fake news phenomenon?
Wellâ¦ âThereâs probably a strong case to be made that  we  are chemically addicted to fake news â says  Amy Webb   an author and futurist who founded the Future Today Institute. âWhen youâre seeing your angers and fears and anxieties being validated externally  you get a shot of dopamine.â Thinking about the upcoming year and beyond   she  says   we  may have âa huge problem on  our  hands.â And though the propaganda is coming at  us  from all directionsâfrom Kremlin-backed misinformation campaigns and Twitter troll armies to publicity hounds and political malcontentsâfalling for it  and spreading it  is to some degree our own fault.
In the spring of 2017   Webb  wrote a piece for Mother Jones that detailed not only the manner of 21st-century fake news and the speed with which it travels  but also how we are all accomplices to its proliferation âas we click and repost without considering the storyâs source and its agenda.â  She  noted that the democratization of the internet back in the 1990s meant that âeveryone would get to participate regardless of their agendas.â Information became free and free-flowing. But  problematically  âwe didnât plan ahead as the internet matured â when consumers of information were left to contend with not only âhuman arbiters of factsâ but also code and algorithms that propel certain types of content to the fore  based on our own online behavior. Innocently sharing a cat video put out by Russia Today  a Kremlin-backed propaganda machine that elevates fringe âexpertsâ and attempts to sow distrust  means youâll see a lot more of their content in the future.
Complicating matters more is that in our politicized climate  the term fake news itself came to mean different things to different people. It had a literal meaning that  seemingly overnight  became a hashtag and an epithet to hurl at anything or anyone that one disagrees with. âIf we canât even come to some kind of convergence and talk about something as insidious and as threatening to our future as the spread of misinformationâotherwise known as fake news in the literal senseâthen donât we have sort of a catastrophically huge problem on our hands?â asks  Webb .
As someone who studies current and past trends to try to anticipate what the future may hold   Webb  likes to end these conversations with a reminder that  for however doomed things appear  âWe are not living in the middle of Westworldâthe future has not been preordained. There is something we can do in the year 2018 and beyond  and that is be smarter consumers of news.â
[EX A]: Can American Society Overcome the Fake News Phenomenon? â Mother Jones

[EX Q]: Smoke rises after an air strike during fighting between members of the Syrian Democratic Forces and Islamic State militants in Raqqa  Syria  August 15  2017. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra/File Photo
In the end  IS suffered its most decisive defeat and watched their self-proclaimed caliphate evaporate in Iraq  then in Syria as Kurdish-led forces retook Raqqa  ISâs urban stronghold there.
The battle for  Raqqa  which became  ISâs operational base in Syria  had a different feel to it as U.S.-backed Kurds and Arabs in the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) tightened their siege.
In the weeks before  Raqqaâs  fall in October  young female SDF fighters faced off against hardened militants and suffered losses. But that did not curb their enthusiasm and some said they would eventually like to join Kurdish PKK militants in Turkey and help advance their 33-year-old insurgency there.
After ISâs defeat in Raqqa   Raqqa residents  formed a council to run the city but  they  had no budget when it was first set up  just residents streaming into  their  tin  run-down headquarters demanding everything from instant jobs to getting  their  damaged farmland back.
The Kurdish groups who led the fight against Islamic State in its former capital  Raqqa  must now navigate a complex peace to avoid ethnic tension with the cityâs Arab majority and to secure critical U.S. aid.
So  life for  Raqqa âs victors will remain fraught with risk.
[EX A]: The Battle against Islamic State

[EX Q]: At some point before President Trumpâs inauguration  disgraced national security adviser Michael Flynn assured an ex-business partner that economic sanctions on Russia would be âripped upâ as soon as the new administration entered the White House  according to documents made public Wednesday.
 Flynn  made the promise to Alex Copson  a managing partner of a Russia-connected energy company  a whistleblower told Rep. Elijah Cummings this summer.
Trump calls  Flynn  guilty plea âa shame â blames FBI  Hillary
The unnamed whistleblowerâs claims pose the strongest evidence yet that the nascent Trump White House was looking to rescind sanctions against Russia and also suggests that  Flynn  could have had a personal financial stake in the matter.
 Flynn   who pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI last week  worked together with Copsonâs company  ACU Strategic Partners  until June 2016. Their work together involved a deal with the Russian government to build nuclear power plants in the Middle East.
Copson apparently told the whistleblower during an Inauguration Day event in Washington  D.C. that  Flynn  had just texted him that the power plant venture was âgood to go.â
Rep. Elijah Cummings called on the House Oversight Committee to issue subpoenas for White House records pertaining to  Flynn 's contacts with Copson. (Manuel Balce Ceneta/AP)
 Flynn âs lawyer did not immediately return a request for comment from the Daily News.
 Flynn  was fired less than a month into  his  tenure as national security adviser after it became clear that  he  had lied to Vice President Mike Pence about  his  contacts with a Russian diplomat. On Friday   Flynn  became the first current or former Trump administration official to agree to cooperate with special prosecutor Robert Muellerâs investigators.
âThese grave allegations compel a full  credible and bipartisan congressional investigation â Cummings wrote  adding that  Flynn  appears to have "sought to manipulate the course of international nuclear policy for the financial gain of  his  former business partners."
[EX A]:
Flynn said Russian sanctions would be 'ripped up' by Trump admin