Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an established indicator of all-cause mortality in a coronary care unit (CCU), and evaluating the risks of renal dysfunction can guide treatment decisions. In this study we used the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score to predict the incidence of AKI in CCU patients who had not undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) after a cardiac angiogram.', 'The study cohort comprised 126 patients diagnosed with 2 or 3 coronary vessels disease who did not receive CABG during their hospital course. This study was performed in the CCU of a tertiary referral university hospital between September 2012 and August 2013. The STS score was evaluated with adjustment in all patients and the outcomes of the risk of mortality, morbidity, or mortality and renal failure were selected for predicting assessment. Furthermore, the performance of the STS scores was compared with that of other scoring systems.', 'A total of 28.5% (36 of 126) of the patients had AKI of varying severity. For predicting AKI, the STS renal failure score was excellent, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.851 ± 0.039, p < 0.001. When compared with other scoring systems, the STS renal failure score demonstrated the highest discriminatory power, the most favorable Youden index, and the highest overall correctness of prediction.

Output: 0


Input: Consider Input: The efficacy of anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been mainly attributed to TNF-alpha neutralisation. Other mechanism as immune cell apoptosis, which is impaired in RA, may also be induced by anti-TNF-alpha therapies. The aim of our study was to investigate whether TNF-alpha inhibitors could induce apoptosis in vitro of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of RA patients.', 'Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from 24 patients with RA and 18 healthy donors were incubated with anti-TNF-alpha agents, infliximab or etanercept, in comparison with no agent and including an isotypic control, for 48 hours. Apoptosis was detected and quantified by annexin V labelling of phosphatidylserine externalization using cytofluorometric analysis and compared with PBMC production TNF-alpha in vitro.', 'In healthy donors, induced apoptosis was observed in 0.3% to 3.8% of lymphocytes with both therapies. In RA patients the treatment induced lymphocyte apoptosis in 17 of 24 patients with a percentage of annexin V-positive lymphocytes ranging from 0.1% to 25%. Among these 17 RA patients, a significant in vitro lymphocyte apoptosis (> 4%) was observed in 11 patients (46%) compared with healthy donors (p < 0.01). The variability of the response to anti-TNF-alpha within the RA population was not dependent on TNF-alpha synthesis or disease activity.

Output: 1


Input: Consider Input: The endocardial endothelium that lines the inner cavity of the heart is distinct from the microvascular endothelial cells and modulates cardiac muscle performance in a manner similar to the vascular endothelial modulation of vascular structure and vasomotor tone. Although the modulatory effects of endocardial endothelium (EE) on cardiomyocytes are firmly established, the regulatory effects of endocardial endothelium on the cardiac interstitium and its cellular components remain ill defined.', 'We investigated whether the stimulatory effect of EE on cardiac fibroblasts would be altered when EECs are activated by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or the endotoxin bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both TNF-alpha and LPS were found to independently attenuate the stimulatory effect of EE on cardiac fibroblasts. These agents lowered the synthesis or release of ET-1 and increased the secretion of TGF-beta and NO.


Output: 0