In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Q: Context: Optimistic people report a higher quality of life, engage in more active coping and adopt more health-promoting behaviors than people low in optimism, ie, pessimism. We evaluated whether pessimists are more likely to show progression in carotid disease than optimists.', 'A total of 209 middle-aged healthy premenopausal women enrolled in an epidemiological study of cardiovascular risk factors and had carotid scans 10.4 years and 13.5 years later when they were at least 5 years postmenopausal. Women completed the Life Orientation Test (LOT), a measure of pessimistic and optimistic attitudes, at study entry and at the time of the first carotid scan. Analyses evaluated the association of LOT scores and change in carotid intima medial thickness (IMT) across 3 years.', 'Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the higher the pessimism scores at study entry, the greater the increase in mean IMT (beta = 0.17, p <.007). A comparison of those in the lowest quartile of LOT scores (most optimistic) with those in the other three quartiles showed that the most optimistic group had less progression than the remaining more pessimistic women (mean percent increase = 1.3 and 6.0 for mean IMT, F = 15.4, p <.001). Women who were chronically optimistic at study entry and at the first carotid scan (bottom quartiles at both times) had less progression in mean IMT than did those who were chronically pessimistic (top quartiles at both times).\Question: Do optimistic attitudes protect against progression of carotid atherosclerosis in healthy middle-aged women?

A: Optimistic women are less likely to show progression of carotid disease in mid-life than are pessimists.
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Q: Context: Apicomplexan parasites actively release transmembrane (TM) adhesive proteins involved in host cell attachment and invasion. Rhomboids, a family of intramembrane serine proteases, cleave these secreted adhesive proteins within their TM domains as an essential step in completing the invasion process. In Cryptosporidium parvum, the activity of rhomboids in cleaving microneme proteins (MICs) has not been reported. In the present study, the interaction between C. parvum rhomboids (CpROM1 and CpROM4) and C. parvum microneme proteins (CpGP900 and CpTRAP-C1) was investigated using yeast two-hybrid assay and co-immunoprecipitation assays.', 'Our study demonstrated that CpROM1 protein could interact with CpGP900 protein in co-transformed AH109 yeasts. Analysis of these proteins in co-transfected mammalian cells showed that the cleavage product of the CpGP900 protein was detected in the co-transfected cells. As control, CpGP900 only was transfected into cells and no cleavage was observed. The results suggested that CpGP900 protein was the substrate of CpROM1. Moreover, CpROM1 and CpROM4 could not cleave CpTRAP-C1 protein, which is the substrate of T. gondii rhomboid 2.\Question: Does cryptosporidium parvum rhomboid1 have an activity in microneme protein CpGP900 cleavage?

A: Our results showed that CpROM1 is an active protease that is involved in microneme protein CpGP900 cleavage, which lay the foundation for further research on the mechanisms of C. parvum invasion.
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Q: Context: To determine whether deguelin can regulate the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) binding protein (IkappaBalpha) in U937 human leukemia cells and Raji human B lymphoma cells.', 'The localization of IkappaBalpha protein was investigated by using an immunofluorescence method. The expression of IkappaBalpha and NF-kappaB /p65 proteins in Raji and U937 cells were investigated by using Western blotting. Apoptosis was detected through annexin V/PI double-labeled cytometry.', 'IkappaBalpha localized in the cytoplasm in untreated and deguelin-treated cells. After treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or deguelin plus TNF-alpha for 15 min, there was a substantial reduction in the amount of IkappaBalpha protein. The expression of IkappaBalpha was downregulated by deguelin in Raji and U937 cells. Deguelin induced apoptosis in U937 cells.\Question: Does deguelin inhibit expression of IkappaBalpha protein in Raji and U937 cells?

A:
Deguelin inhibited the expression of IkappaBalpha protein in U937 and Raji cells. The anti-proliferative activity of deguelin is related to the signal pathway of NF-kappaB.
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