Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

To compare the safety and success of a retrograde approach using a microcatheter vs. a sheath in the treatment of superficial femoral artery (SFA) chronic total occlusions (CTOs).', 'From April 2007 to December 2012, 188 consecutive patients underwent EVT for 229 de novo SFA CTOs using the retrograde approach in 68 patients (35 men; mean age 72 years). This cohort was divided into cases performed with a 4-F or 6-F sheath (n=28, 36 limbs) and those with a 2.1-F microcatheter (n=35, 49 limbs). The primary outcomes were mean time to hemostasis and number of intra- and postoperative puncture site complications, as well as the success of popliteal artery puncture, lesion crossing, and reperfusion.', 'There were no significant differences between two groups in baseline characteristics. PA puncture was successful in all limbs, and the success in crossing the lesion with the wire was not significantly different (91.9% in the sheath group vs. 89.8% in the microcatheter group). Mean time to hemostasis was 8.9±8.8 minutes in the microcatheter group vs. 47.7±13 minutes in the sheath group (p<0.0001). There was a significant difference in intraoperative and postoperative complications (22.2% in the sheath group vs. 2.0% in the microcatheter group, p=0.002).
Is a sheathless retrograde approach via the popliteal artery useful and safe for treating chronic total occlusions in the superficial femoral artery?

Cervical carcinoma is the second most common malignancy in females and most of the cases are found in developing countries. The objectives of the present study were (a): to demonstrate the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of Achillea falcata (A.falcata) extract in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and (b): to study the effect of the extract on cellular morphology, cell cycle phase distribution and mitochondrial membrane potential.', 'MTT assay was used to evaluate the anticancer effect of the extract on HeLa cells. Phase contrast, fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the morphological changes in these cancer cells after extract treatment. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effects of the extract on cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential.', 'The results revealed that A. falcata extract led to a significant antiproliferative effect in HeLa cancer cells. The extract induced cellular shrinkage, chromatin condensation and appearance of apoptotic bodies which are the hallmarks of cellular apoptosis. TEM results showed that extract-treated cells had nuclear membrane which was hemispherical and the nuclear chromatin was concentrated and bundled on the inner border of karyotheca. The endoplasmic reticulum also became enlarged in the inner segment. The extract also induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest along with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.
Are antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of the ethanolic herbal extract of Achillea falcata in human cervical cancer cells mediated via cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial membrane potential loss?

The combination of hepatic ischemia and cholestasis, both identified as risk factors for oxidative stress, potentially enhances postischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury. Preoperative biliary drainage relieves oxidative stress and therefore seems a worthwhile intervention in cholestatic patients undergoing major liver resection.', 'To assess the effect of biliary decompression on I/R injury in a reversible bile duct ligation (BDL) model in the rat.', 'Male Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups. The first group underwent 30 minutes of partial liver ischemia after 7 days BDL; the second group underwent internal drainage (ID) after 7 days BDL and after 5 days, were subjected to partial liver ischemia. The last group (control animals) underwent 2 sham laparotomies and subsequent ischemia. Inflammatory response (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, GRO/KC, and interferon-gamma), hepatic damage and oxidative stress were assessed during 24 hours of reperfusion.', 'Cholestatic rats, as compared with the ID and control groups, showed significantly increased I/R injury as determined by transaminase release, histologic injury score and neutrophil infiltration. Plasma IL-6, IL-10, and GRO/KC (a CXC chemokine) were significantly increased in the BDL group (P < .05 vs control and ID). Moreover, the hepatic antioxidant capacity was strongly decreased in the BDL group (P < .01 vs control and ID). No significant differences for most parameters were seen in the ID group as compared to the control group.

Does biliary drainage attenuate postischemic reperfusion injury in the cholestatic rat liver?