In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
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Question: was a “substantial factor” or “motivating factor” in Walker’s allegedly retaliatory actions. Abrams argues that a reasonable jury could infer, as a result of this chronology, that he was “falsely arrested” and that he was arrested “because of what [he] said.” Abrams then opines that “the arrest was for an illegal purpose” and finally that “[a]nger often leads to unthinking retaliation.” After reviewing the record and the standards presented in our line of cases, we agree with the district court’s finding that this chronology is unconvincing, as it fails to present “definite, competent evidence to rebut the motion,” Michael v. St. Joseph County, 259 F.3d 842, 845 (7th Cir.2001), contains mere speculation, and demands the making of unreasonable inferences in suppo -84 (11th Cir.1998) (<HOLDING>). We recognize that such a step would not be 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that qualified immunity applies only if an officer had arguable probable cause to arrest (B) holding that probable cause is a complete defense to an action for false arrest (C) holding that the existence of probable cause for an arrest is a complete defense to a first amendment retaliation claim under the doctrine of qualified immunity (D) holding that the existence of probable cause is a complete defense to a  1983 claim alleging false arrest (E) recognizing first amendment retaliation right

Answer: (C)


Question: diligent effort' requires such pointed measures as an examination of telephone company records, utility company records, and records maintained by the county treasurer, county recorder, or similar ree-ord keepers."). {47 Here, the motion for publication Brown filed in 1978 states that "search has been made of the public records of the County of Weld and County of Morgan, State of Colorado." Such a search, if undertaken with reasonable diligence, should have resulted in the discovery of the 1950 Deeds, as they were readily available matters of public record and part of the relevant chain of title. Each document identified Tulsa, Oklahoma, as the city of the Gadbois' residence. Brown could-and should-have discovered this information. See In re Colon, 563 F.3d 1171, 1178 (10th Cir.2009) (<HOLDING>) 4 48 Sunﬂarly, Brown could-and should-have 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that implied easement arose because each deed in chain of title referenced community plan (B) holding that a typographical error in a security deed does not necessarily invalidate the legal description when the deed also referred to the propertys physical address (C) holding that trustees have a duty to exercise the same judgment and prudence that a careful owner would exercise in the sale of his own property (D) recognizing that a per son exercising reasonable prudence and diligence in examining propertys chain of title would have located a deed containing a misstatement in its descmptlon of the property (E) recognizing that the right to seek reformation of a deed is limited to the original parties to the deed and their successors in title

Answer: (D)


Question: claiming the defense counsel is arguing “something ridiculous” is directed at defense counsel’s argument, not at defense counsel. Id. at 713. Telling the jury that they shouldn’t feel bad about taking a long time for a verdict is more akin to calling Appellant’s argument ridiculous than calling his counsel a liar. See id. Because the State’s comments attacked Appellant’s arguments, rather than his counsel personally, the argument did not strike over his shoulders. See Acosta, 411 S.W.3d at 93 (stating that State’s comments suggesting jury not be “fooled” by defense’s “good lawyering” and that argument was “just words from the defense attorney’s mouth,” attacked defense counsel’s arguments, not defense counsel personally); Garcia v. State, 126 S.W.3d 921, 925 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004) (<HOLDING>). Because the argument did not strike over the 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that state did not comment upon defendants failure to testify when it questioned during closing arguments why defendant never gave police the murder weapon because the comment was a valid attack on the credibility of the defendants claim that the homicide was justified (B) holding a prosecutors comments indicating his personal belief in the states witnesses was a fair reply to defense counsels attack on the veracity of the states witnesses (C) holding that states comment that defense was arguing that hogwash that youve heard was states opinion of defenses arguments not an attack on counsels personal integrity (D) holding comment that was heard out of context and not necessarily related to employment of plaintiff was not evidence of discrimination (E) holding the states comment that nobody testified he wasnt the guy was an impermissible comment on appellants right to remain silent in a case in which the only individual who could have contradicted the states evidence was the appellant

Answer:
(C)