In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
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Question: we therefore overrule leonard and palmer.

Answer: overruling


Question: villa, supra, 156 cal.app.3d 1076, hinkle, supra, 175 cal.app.3d 587, and postural therapeutics v. workers' comp. appeals bd., supra, 179 cal.app.3d 551, are disapproved to the extent that they are inconsistent with this holding.

Answer: overruling


Question: to the extent that jackson is inconsistent with this holding, it is overruled.

Answer:
overruling