instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
Deep erythema and inflammation after re-epithelialization of superficial wounds is a sign of scar formation. Corticosteroids may prevent scarring by suppression of inflammation and fibroblast activity. Tretinoin may increase the efficacy of corticosteroids in this setting.', 'To evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids plus tretinoin for prevention of scars after superficial wounds.', 'In a retrospective study of patients with superficial partial thickness thermal skin burn, we compared the patients who received clobetasol plus tretinoin after re-epithelialization with patients who did not receive any medication. Clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment was used twice daily with overnight occlusive dressing in conjunction with twice weekly topical tretinoin 0.05% cream.', 'Among 43 patients who had light pink or no erythema after re-epithelialization and consequently did not receive clobetasol\u2009+\u2009tretinoin, no scar was developed. Among patients who had deep erythema after re-epithelialization, rate of scar formation was significantly higher in 14 patients who did not receive clobetasol\u2009+\u2009tretinoin than in 21 patients who received clobetasol\u2009+\u2009tretinoin (64% and 19%, respectively; p\u2009=\u20090.01).
answer:
1


question:
A common variant of the IGF-I gene has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The objective of this study was to examine whether this variant of the IGF-I gene is associated with blood pressure and left heart dimensions in early childhood.', 'This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from foetal life onwards. IGF-I promoter region was genotyped in DNA obtained from cord blood. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and echocardiography (left ventricular mass, left atrial diameter and aortic root diameter) measurements were performed at the age of 2 years. Analyses were performed in 538 subjects.', 'Eight alleles of the IGF-I promoter region were identified. In total, 43% of the subjects were homozygous for the 192 bp allele (wild type), 46% were heterozygous and 11% were non-carriers. Significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found in non-carrier subjects (difference compared with homozygous subjects: -4.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) -7.8 to -1.1) mmHg and -3.5 (95% CI: -6.9 to -0.1) mm respectively). No significant differences were found for left heart dimensions at the age of 2 years. No association was found when we used a previously proposed alternative classification of the IGF-I gene.
answer:
1


question:
Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathological process of most cardiovascular disease. Thrombin is a serine protease which can activate protease activated receptors (PAR) on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to elicit cellular responses that can contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Human atherosclerosis commences with the binding and retention of lipoproteins by the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans. The potential effects of thrombin on the synthesis and structure of CS/DS proteoglycans produced by VSMCs was investigated.', 'VSMCs were derived from human internal mammary arteries. Proteoglycan synthesis was assessed by [(35)S]sulfate and [(3)H]glucosamine incorporation. Proteoglycan size was assessed by SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography.
answer:

0