instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is defined by pruritus, elevated total fasting serum bile salts (TBS) and transaminases, and an increased risk of adverse fetal outcome. An accurate diagnostic marker is needed. Increased serum autotaxin correlates with cholestasis-associated pruritus. We aimed at unraveling the diagnostic accuracy of autotaxin in ICP.', 'Serum samples and placental tissue were collected from 44 women with uncomplicated pregnancies and 105 with pruritus and/or elevated serum transaminases. Autotaxin serum levels were quantified enzymatically and by Western blotting, autotaxin gene expression by quantitative PCR.', 'Serum autotaxin was increased in ICP (mean ± SD: 43.5 ± 18.2 nmol ml(-1)min(-1), n=55, p<0.0001) compared to other pruritic disorders of pregnancy (16.8 ± 6.7 nmol ml(-1)min(-1), n=33), pre-eclampsia complicated by HELLP-syndrome (16.8 ± 8.9 nmol ml(-1)min(-1), n=17), and pregnant controls (19.6 ± 5.7 nmol ml(-1)min(-1), n=44). Longitudinal analysis during pregnancy revealed a marked rise in serum autotaxin with onset of ICP-related pruritus. Serum autotaxin was increased in women taking oral contraceptives. Increased serum autotaxin during ICP was not associated with increased autotaxin mRNA in placenta. With a cut-off value of 27.0 nmol ml(-1)min(-1), autotaxin had an excellent sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing ICP from other pruritic disorders or pre-eclampsia/HELLP-syndrome. Serum autotaxin displayed no circadian rhythm and was not influenced by food intake.\Question: Does autotaxin activity have a high accuracy to diagnose intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?
answer:
Increased serum autotaxin activity represents a highly sensitive, specific and robust diagnostic marker of ICP, distinguishing ICP from other pruritic disorders of pregnancy and pregnancy-related liver diseases. Pregnancy and oral contraception increase serum autotaxin to a much lesser extent than ICP.


question:
Context: Patient selection for endovascular revascularization treatment (ERT) in acute ischemic stroke depends on the expected benefit-risk ratio. As rapid revascularization is a major determinant of good functional outcome, we aimed to identify its predictors after ERT.', 'Consecutive stroke patients from a single stroke center with distal internal carotid artery-, proximal middle cerebral artery- or T-occlusions treated with ERT were retrospectively selected. We assessed admission noncontrast computed tomography and computed tomography angiography for thrombus location, thrombus load (clot burden score), and collateral status. Clinical data were extracted from medical charts. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of revascularization (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2b) after ERT.', 'A total of 63 patients were identified (median age, 73 years; interquartile range: 62-77; 40 females). Sixteen patients (25.4%) underwent intravenous thrombolysis (ivT) before ERT. Twenty-two patients (34.9%) had additional intra-arterial application of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. The overall recanalization rate was 66.7%, and 9.5% had symptomatic intracranial bleeding. In-hospital mortality was 15%, and 30% reached good functional outcome at discharge. In the univariate analysis, preceding ivT and the number of passes for thrombectomy (dichotomized ≤2 versus >2) were associated with recanalization. There was a trend for number of thrombectomy passes (as continuous variable) and multimodal ERT. In the multivariate regression analysis, ivT prior to ERT and passes of thrombectomy were identified as independent predictors for recanalization.\Question: Does intravenous Thrombolysis and pass of Thrombectomy as Predictors for Endovascular Revascularization in Ischemic Stroke?
answer:
ivT and lower passes of thrombectomy are associated with recanalization after ERT for ischemic stroke with proximal vessel occlusions.


question:
Context: Although glucose uptake is increased in chronically hypoperfused, viable myocardium, the dynamic changes in glucose uptake relative to oxygen consumption in "short-term" models of hibernation have not been fully explored.', '14 anesthetized swine were instrumented with an hydraulic occluder and flow probe on the proximal LAD artery. Blood flow was reduced approximately 30% for 1 hour. Myocardial blood flow and uptake of oxygen, free fatty acids, glucose and lactate were determined in the LAD region at baseline and at 10, 30, and 60 minutes of ischemia. Transmural biopsies for ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) were obtained in the LAD region prior to and at 15 and 45 minutes of ischemia. In 5 animals, glycogen was assayed at baseline and at the end of 60 minutes of ischemia.', 'In the LAD region, myocardial oxygen consumption was reduced from 2.06 +/- 0.16 micromol/min/gram to 1.46 +/- 0.13 micromol/min/gram (P < 0.05). By 15 minutes of ischemia, transmural creatine phosphate fell from 7.48 +/- 0.76 micromol/g-wet weight at baseline to 6.19 +/- 0.32 micromol/g-wet weight (P < 0.05) but normalized by 45 minutes of ischemia (7.39 +/- 0.56 micromol/g-wet weight; NS). Between 10 and 60 minutes of constant flow reduction, glucose uptake as a percentage of MVO2 increased from 3 +/- 2% to 10 +/- 2% (P < 0.05) while lactate uptake increased from -9 +/- 9% to -1 +/- 2% (P < 0.05). Glycogen decreased from 27.8 +/- 3.7 at baseline to 16.9 +/- 1.2 micromol/g-wet weight at end-ischemia.\Question: Does glucose uptake increase relative to oxygen consumption during short-term hibernation?
answer:

In this model of short-term hibernation, glucose and lactate uptake increase relative to oxygen consumption during sustained ischemia, and temporally coincide with the recovery of bioenergetics. The findings are consistent with the notion that glycolytically derived ATP is important for the maintainance of energy supply during sustained ischemia.