instruction:
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
question:
Context_1 : Shattered is a 1991 American neo-noir/psychological thriller starring Tom Berenger, Greta Scacchi, Bob Hoskins, Joanne Whalley and Corbin Bernsen. It was directed and written for the screen by Wolfgang Petersen, based on the novel by Richard Neely. Context_2 : The Traveler is a 2010 horror film directed by Michael Oblowitz, written by Joseph C. Muscat, and starring Val Kilmer and Dylan Neal. Kilmer plays a stranger who walks into a small town's police station, confesses to murder, and is interrogated by detective Alexander Black (Neal). Context_3 : Joanne Whalley (born 25 August 1964) is an English actress who began her career in 1974. She has since amassed numerous credits, primarily on television, but also in nearly 30 feature films, including "Dance with a Stranger" (1985), "Willow" (1988), "Scandal" (1989), "The Secret Rapture" (1993) and "Mother's Boys" (1994). Following her marriage to Val Kilmer in 1988, she was credited as Joanne Whalley-Kilmer until their divorce in 1996. Context_4 : Top Gun is a 1986 American romantic military action drama film directed by Tony Scott, and produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer, in association with Paramount Pictures. The screenplay was written by Jim Cash and Jack Epps, Jr., and was inspired by an article titled "Top Guns" published in "California" magazine three years earlier. The film stars Tom Cruise, Kelly McGillis, Val Kilmer, Anthony Edwards, and Tom Skerritt. Cruise plays Lieutenant Pete "Maverick" Mitchell, a young Naval aviator aboard the aircraft carrier USS "Enterprise" . He and his Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) Nick "Goose" Bradshaw (Edwards) are given the chance to train at the Navy's Fighter Weapons School at the former Naval Air Station (NAS) Miramar in San Diego. Context_5 : Heat is a 1995 American crime film written, produced and directed by Michael Mann, and starring Robert De Niro, Al Pacino, and Val Kilmer. De Niro plays Neil McCauley, a professional thief, while Pacino plays Lt. Vincent Hanna, a LAPD robbery-homicide detective tracking down McCauley's crew. The story is based on the former Chicago police officer Chuck Adamson's pursuit during the 1960s of a criminal named McCauley, after whom De Niro's character is named. Heat is a remake by Mann of a TV series he had worked on, the pilot of which was released as a TV movie, "L.A. Takedown" in 1989. Context_6 : Palo Alto is a 2013 American drama film written and directed by Gia Coppola, based on James Franco's short story collection "Palo Alto" (2010). Franco stars, along with Emma Roberts, Jack Kilmer, Nat Wolff and Zoe Levin. Jack Kilmer's father, Val Kilmer, also appears briefly in the film as Stewart, Emma Roberts' stepdad. Context_7 : The Fourth Dimension is a 2012 independent film composed of three segments all created by different directors. In 2013 VICE Films worked with Grolsch Films Works to produce the film, which starred Val Kilmer and Rachel Korine. Context_8 : Wonderland is a 2003 American crime drama film, co-written and directed by James Cox and based on the real-life Wonderland Murders that occurred in 1981. The film stars Val Kilmer, Kate Bosworth, Dylan McDermott, Carrie Fisher, Lisa Kudrow, Josh Lucas, Christina Applegate, Tim Blake Nelson, and Janeane Garofalo. Kilmer plays the role of John Holmes, a pornographic film star and suspected accomplice in four grisly murders committed in an apartment on Wonderland Avenue, in the Laurel Canyon section of Los Angeles. Mr. Holmes was famous for playing the role of "Johnny Wadd" in a related series of pornographic adult films. Context_9 : MacGruber is a 2010 American action comedy film based on the "Saturday Night Live" sketch of the same name, itself a parody of action-adventure television series "MacGyver". Jorma Taccone of the comedy trio The Lonely Island directed the film, which stars Will Forte in the title role; Kristen Wiig as his love interest/partner, Vicki St. Elmo; Ryan Phillippe as Dixon Piper, a young lieutenant who becomes part of MacGruber's team; Maya Rudolph as MacGruber's dead wife, Casey; and Val Kilmer as the villain, Dieter von Cunth. Context_10 : The fictional superhero Batman, who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics, has appeared in various films since his inception. Created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger, the character first starred in two serial films in the 1940s, "Batman" and "Batman and Robin". The character also appeared in the 1966 film "Batman", which was a feature film adaptation of the 1960s "Batman" TV series starring Adam West and Burt Ward, who also starred in the film. Toward the end of the 1980s, the Warner Bros. studio began producing a series of feature films starring Batman, beginning with the 1989 film "Batman", directed by Tim Burton and starring Michael Keaton. Burton and Keaton returned for the 1992 sequel "Batman Returns", and in 1995, Joel Schumacher directed "Batman Forever" with Val Kilmer as Batman. Schumacher also directed the 1997 sequel "Batman & Robin", which starred George Clooney. "Batman & Robin" was poorly received by both critics and fans, leading to the cancellation of "Batman Unchained". fact_1 : Shattered is a 1991 American neo-noir/psychological thriller starring Tom Berenger, Greta Scacchi, Bob Hoskins, Joanne Whalley and Corbin Bernsen. fact_2 :  It was directed and written for the screen by Wolfgang Petersen, based on the novel by Richard Neely. fact_3 :  Following her marriage to Val Kilmer in 1988, she was credited as Joanne Whalley-Kilmer until their divorce in 1996. Question: Who directed the film that starred Val Kilmer's former wife?
answer:
Wolfgang Petersen


question:
Context_1 : Huaihua () is a prefecture-level city in the south western Hunan, China. it covers 27,564 km2 and is bordered by Xiangxi to the northern west; Zhangjiajie, Changde to the north; Yiyang, Loudi and Shaoyang to the east; Guilin and Liuzhou of Guangxi to the south; Qiandongnan, Tongren of Guizhou to the southern west. It has 4,741,948 of population (2010 census), shares 7.22% of the province. According to 2010 Census, there are 2,909,574 Han Chinese, Han shares 61.4% of the population, 1,832,289 population of minorities, 38.6%; Dong, Miao, Tujia, Yao and Bai are major native minorities. Huaihua is the central region of Dong ethnic population, there lives 816,481 Dong people (2010 census), it shares 28.35 per centage of Chinese Dong ethnic group. Context_2 : Hongjiang District () is a management area which is a part of Hongjiang City, Hunan Province, China, it is directly under the administration of Huaihua Prefecture-level City. Context_3 : The Wu River () is a left tributary of the Yuan River in south China. This upper stream is called Wuyang River () in Guizhou Province; it rises on the western slopes of Mount Foding in the southeast of Weng'an County. The river runs eastward into Hunan Province and then is called the "Wu River". It joins Yuan River at Hongjiang City. The river has a length of 444 km and drains an area of 10334 km2 . Context_4 : Dongkou County () is a county in the Province of Hunan, China, it is under the administration of Shaoyang City. Located in the midwestern Hunan, the county is bordered to the northeast by Longhui County, to the northwest by Xupu County and Hongjiang City, to the southwest by Suining County, to the southeast by Xinning County. Dongkou County covers 2,200 km2 , as of 2015, it had a registered population of 870,900 and a permanent resident population of 784,500. The county has 11 towns, 9 townships and 3 subdistricts under its jurisdiction, the county seat is Wenchang Subdistrict (文昌街道). Context_5 : Changqi Village () is a village in the southeastern part of Longtian Township (龙田乡), Hongjiang City, which is located in the western part of Hunan Province, China. s of 2014 it had a population of about 1,400. Most of the villagers share the same surname, Duan, and there is an ancestral shrine specifically for all the people surnamed Duan. Context_6 : Tongren () is a prefecture-level city in eastern Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, located within a tobacco planting and crop agricultural area. Tongren was known as Tongren Prefecture (铜仁地区 ) until November 2011, when it was converted into a prefecture-level city. Context_7 : Tongren Fenghuang Airport (IATA: TEN, ICAO: ZUTR) is an airport serving the city of Tongren in Guizhou Province, China. It is located in the town of Daxing in Songtao Miao Autonomous County, 21 kilometers from Tongren and 34 kilometers from Fenghuang, a popular tourist destination in neighboring Hunan Province. The airport was opened in 2001. Originally called Tongren Daxing Airport (), it was renamed due to the fame of Fenghuang. Context_8 : Hongjiang (), formerly Qianyang County () is a county-level city in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of Huaihua prefecture-level City. Context_9 : The Wu River () is a right tributary of the Yuan River in southwestern Hunan Province, south China. It rises in the southern Chengbu Miao Autonomous County. The river runs northward joins Yuan River at Guihuayuan, Hongjiang City. The river has a length of 244 km and drains an area of 4205 km2 . Context_10 : Bijiang District (), is the seat of the city of Tongren, Guizhou province, People's Republic of China. The area was known as Tongren City (铜仁市) until November 2011, when it was renamed Bijiang District. The district has an area of 1514 km2 and has a population of 340,000. fact_1 : Hongjiang (), formerly Qianyang County () is a county-level city in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of Huaihua prefecture-level City. fact_2 : Tongren () is a prefecture-level city in eastern Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, located within a tobacco planting and crop agricultural area. Question: are Hongjiang and Tongren both city's withing China?
answer:
yes


question:
Context_1 : The San Nicolás Agreement (Spanish: Acuerdo de San Nicolás ) was a pact signed on May 31, 1852 and subscribed by all but one of the 14 provinces of the United Provinces of the River Plate (the exception was Buenos Aires). The treaty consisted of 19 articles, and its goal was to set the bases for the national organization of the young Argentine state. It also served as precedent to the sanction of the Argentine Constitution of 1853. Context_2 : The office of Vice President of Argentina is the second highest political position in Argentina, and first in the line of succession to the Presidency of Argentina. The office was established with the enactment of the Argentine Constitution of 1853. Context_3 : The Argentine Confederation (Spanish: "Confederación Argentina") is one of the official names of Argentina according to the Argentine Constitution, Article 35. It was the name of the country from 1831 to 1852, when the provinces were organized as a confederation without a head of state. The governor of Buenos Aires Province (Juan Manuel de Rosas during most of the period) managed foreign relations during this time. Under his rule, the Argentine Confederation resisted attacks by Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, France and the UK, as well other Argentine factions during the Argentine Civil Wars. Context_4 : The Pact of San José de Flores ("Pacto Unión San José de Flores", or "Pacto de Unión Nacional") was a treaty signed between the Argentine Confederation and the State of Buenos Aires on November 11, 1859, on the aftermath of the Battle of Cepeda. It established guidelines for the entry of the latter into the Confederation, and Buenos Aires' acceptance of the Argentine Constitution of 1853. Context_5 : The Treaty of Pilar (in Spanish, "Tratado del Pilar") was a pact signed among the rulers of the Argentine provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires, which is recognized as the foundation of the federal organization of the country. It was signed in the city of Pilar, Buenos Aires on 23 February 1820 by governor Estanislao López for Santa Fe, "caudillo" Francisco Ramírez for Entre Ríos, and provisional governor Manuel de Sarratea for Buenos Aires, after the dissolution of the national government caused by the Battle of Cepeda. A reference to it was included in the Preamble of the Argentine Constitution of 1853 as one of the "pre-existing pacts" fulfilled by it. Context_6 : The Argentine Army ("Ejército Argentino", EA) is the land armed force branch of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic and the senior military service of the country. Under the Argentine Constitution, the President of Argentina is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, exercising his or her command authority through the Minister of Defense. Context_7 : Argentina has had many different types of heads of state, as well as many different types of government. During Pre-Columbian times the territories that today form Argentina were inhabited by nomadic tribes, without any defined government. During the Spanish colonization of the Americas, the King of Spain retained the ultimate authority over the territories conquered in the New World, appointing viceroys for local government. The territories that would later become Argentina were first part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, and then the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. The May Revolution started the Argentine War of Independence by replacing the viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros with the first national government. It was the Primera Junta, a junta of several members, which would grow into the Junta Grande with the incorporation of provincial deputies. The size of the Juntas gave room to internal political disputes among their members, so they were replaced by the First and Second Triumvirate, of three members. The Assembly of the Year XIII created a new executive authority, with attributions similar to that of a head of state, called the Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. A second Assembly, the Congress of Tucumán, declared independence in 1816 and promulgated the Argentine Constitution of 1819. However, this constitution was repealed during armed conflicts between the central government and the "Federal League" Provinces. This started a period known as the "Anarchy of the Year XX", when Argentina lacked any type of head of state. Context_8 : The Argentine Constitution of 1853 was the first constitution of Argentina approved with the support of the governments of the provinces —though without that of the Buenos Aires Province, who remained separated of the Argentine Confederation until 1859, after several modifications to the original constitution and the return of the power to Buenos Aires Unitarians— sanctioned in May 1853 by the Constitutional Convention gathered in Santa Fe, and promulgated by the provisional Director of the national executive government Justo José de Urquiza from the Federals. Following the short-lived constitutions of 1819 and 1826, it was the third constitution in the history of the country. Context_9 : Elementos de derecho público provincial Argentino (Spanish: "Elements of Argentine provincial civic law" ) is an 1852 Argentine book by Juan Bautista Alberdi. It is a comparison between the Argentine Constitution of 1826 and the United States Constitution. The book complements his other book "Bases y puntos de partida para la organización política de la República Argentina" (Spanish: "Bases and starting points for the political organization of the Argentine republic" ), which influenced the Constitution of Argentina of 1853. Context_10 : The Argentine Constitution of 1826 was a short-lived Constitution of Argentina drafted during the Argentine Civil Wars. Bernardino Rivadavia was appointed President of Argentina under this constitution. It was rejected by most Argentine provinces, and then abolished. fact_1 : The Argentine Constitution of 1853 was the first constitution of Argentina approved with the support of the governments of the provinces —though without that of the Buenos Aires Province, who remained separated of the Argentine Confederation until 1859, after several modifications to the original constitution and the return of the power to Buenos Aires Unitarians— sanctioned in May 1853 by the Constitutional Convention gathered in Santa Fe, and promulgated by the provisional Director of the national executive government Justo José de Urquiza from the Federals. fact_2 : The Argentine Confederation (Spanish: "Confederación Argentina") is one of the official names of Argentina according to the Argentine Constitution, Article 35. fact_3 :  It was the name of the country from 1831 to 1852, when the provinces were organized as a confederation without a head of state. Question: Which official name of Argentina predated the Argentine Constitution of 1853?
answer:

The Argentine Confederation