In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Context: One anesthesiologist performance metric is the incidence of "prolonged" (15 min or longer after dressing complete) times to extubation. The authors used several methods to identify the performance outliers and assess whether targeting these outliers for reduction could improve operating room workflow.', "Time to extubation data were retrieved for 27,757 anesthetics and 81 faculty anesthesiologists. Provider-specific incidences of prolonged extubation were assessed by using unadjusted frequentist statistics and a Bayesian model adjusted for prone positioning, American Society of Anesthesiologist's base units, and case duration.", '20.31% of extubations were "prolonged," and 40% of anesthesiologists were identified as outliers using a frequentist approach, that is, incidence greater than upper 95% CI (20.71%). With an adjusted Bayesian model, only one anesthesiologist was deemed an outlier. If an average anesthesiologist performed all extubations, the incidence of prolonged extubations would change negligibly (to 20.67%). If the anesthesiologist with the highest incidence of prolonged extubations was replaced with an average anesthesiologist, the change was also negligible (20.01%). Variability among anesthesiologists in the incidence of prolonged extubations was significantly less than among other providers.\Question: Is prolonged Operative Time to Extubation a Useful Metric for Comparing the Performance of Individual Anesthesia Providers?
Bayesian methodology with covariate adjustment is better suited to performance monitoring than an unadjusted, nonhierarchical frequentist approach because it is less likely to identify individuals spuriously as outliers. Targeting outliers in an effort to alter operating room activities is unlikely to have an operational impact (although monitoring may serve other purposes). If change is deemed necessary, it must be made by improving the average behavior of everyone and by focusing on anesthesia providers rather than on faculty.

Context: To describe a novel form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) and map its genetic locus.', 'PCH is a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by abnormally small cerebellum and brainstem. Autosomal recessive inheritance has been implied in many cases, but no genetic loci have been mapped to date.', 'The authors studied a consanguineous family from the Sultanate of Oman with three siblings with a novel form of PCH. The authors performed clinical studies and linkage analysis of this pedigree.', 'The clinical features of the affected children include developmental delay, progressive microcephaly with brachycephaly, seizures during the first year of life, hypotonia with hyperreflexia, short stature, and optic atrophy. Imaging studies showed a small pons and cerebellum, prominent sulci and lateral ventricles, and decreased cerebral white matter volume. A lack of dyskinesias distinguishes this pedigree from PCH type 2. Genetic studies of this family revealed evidence of significant linkage to chromosome 7q11-21 (maximum multipoint lod score 3.23).\Question: Does a novel form of pontocerebellar hypoplasia map to chromosome 7q11-21?
This pedigree represents a novel form of autosomal recessive PCH, which the authors propose to call cerebellar atrophy with progressive microcephaly (CLAM). This disorder maps to chromosome 7q11-21, and this locus was named CLAM. This report represents the first identification of a genetic locus for PCH.

Context: To study E2F3a expression and its clinical significance in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).', 'We quantified E2F3a expression at diagnosis in 148 children with ALL by real-time PCR. In the test cohort (n = 48), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to find the best cut-off point to divide the patients into E2F3a low- and high-expression groups. The prognostic significance of E2F3a expression was investigated in the test cohort and confirmed in the validation cohort (n = 100). The correlations of E2F3a expression with the clinical features and treatment outcome of these patients were analyzed.', 'ROC curve analysis indicated that the best cut-off point of E2F3a expression was 0.3780. In the test cohort, leukemia-free survival (LFS) and event-free survival (EFS) of the low-expression group were lower than those of the high-expression group (log rank: P = 0.026 for both). This finding was verified in the validation cohort. LFS, EFS, and overall survival were also lower in the low-expression group than in the high-expression group (log rank, P = 0.015, 0.008, and 0.002 respectively). E2F3a low expression was correlated with the existence of BCR-ABL fusion. An algorithm composed of E2F3a expression and minimal residual disease (MRD) could predict relapse or induction failure more precisely than current risk stratification. These results were still significant in the ALL patients without BCR-ABL fusion.\Question: Does e2F3a gene expression have prognostic significance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

Low expression of E2F3a was associated with inferior prognosis in childhood ALL. An algorithm composed of E2F3a expression and MRD could predict relapse or induction failure more precisely than that of the current risk stratification.