instruction:
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
question:
Context_1 : "My Only Wish" is a holiday song written by Jessica Simpson, Aaron Pearce and Christopher Stewart, recorded by American singer-songwriter Jessica Simpson. It was released by Primary Wave Records on November 22, 2010 as the lead single from her seventh studio album, "Happy Christmas". The track received mixed reviews from music critics, with some commentators criticizing the song's close similarity to past hit "All I Want for Christmas is You". It premiered at On Air with Ryan Seacrest and the official Jessica Simpson website, jessicasimpson.com, on November 11, 2010. Simpson also notably allowed the song's free distribution on iTunes for several months. Context_2 : "I Wish" is an R&B song recorded by American singer-songwriter R. Kelly, from the album "TP-2.com". It was released as the album's first single. It spent three weeks at number-one on the U.S. R&B chart and peaked at number fourteen on the U.S. Hot 100 chart. The song is dedicated to his mother as well as friends and other loved ones of his who have died. This song was originally going to feature rapper 2Pac, but he died before recording his verse. The remix, which was titled "I Wish - Remix (To the Homies That We Lost) featured Hip Hop duo Boo & Gotti, who were then signed to his Rockland Records imprint. Context_3 : "I Want to Come Home for Christmas" is a holiday song recorded by Marvin Gaye in 1972. The song was co-written by Gaye and Forest Hairston and was released on a posthumous Marvin compilation titled, "The Marvin Gaye Collection" 18 years later. Context_4 : '"Merry Christmas from the Family" is a holiday song written by alternative country artist Robert Earl Keen. It has become extremely popular among the fans within his cult following. The song was first recorded for Keen's 1994 album, "Gringo Honeymoon". A live version also appears on his 1996, "No. 2 Live Dinner". The popularity of the song led Keen to write a sequel song, "Happy Holidays Y'all", for his 1998 album "Walking Distance", and to publish a book, "Merry Christmas from the Family", in 2001. The original song, the book, and the sequel all center around the same cast of characters in Keen's humorous vision of a Texas style Christmas. Context_5 : Jessica Ann Johnson (née Simpson, previously Lachey; born July 10, 1980) is an American singer and actress. Simpson signed a recording contract with Columbia Records when she was sixteen, and released her debut studio album in 1999. The album sold over four million copies worldwide, and spawned the top three hit "I Wanna Love You Forever" (1999). Hoping to achieve further success with her second album, Simpson adopted a more mature image for the release of "Irresistible" (2001). The album's title track, which served as the lead single, became her second top twenty hit on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The album itself earned a gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Simpson married singer Nick Lachey on October 26, 2002 after four years of dating. The couple starred in the reality television series "" (2003–05) on MTV, chronicling their marriage and careers. The show became a pop culture phenomenon, and made Simpson and her husband household names. Context_6 : Christmas with You is the tenth studio album by American country music singer Clint Black. It is a reissue of his first Christmas album, 1995's "Looking for Christmas", with two newly recorded songs, "Christmas with You" and "Santa's Holiday Song". Context_7 : Grey Holiday was a four-member American Christian rock band from Austin, Texas. The band was signed to Essential Records. Band members included Matthew Minor (vocals, keys, guitar), Steven Bedingfield (guitar, electronics, programming), R.T. Bodet (bass) and Josh Fenoglio (drums). The band is best known for their song "Let Go", which climbed to No. 2 the R&R magazine contemporary Christian music chart as of December 2, 2007. The Grey Holiday song "You Belong To Me" was also used for the score of the independently released hit film "Fireproof" in 2008. Although the band disbanded at the end of 2008, Minor, Bedingfield and Bodet became the band for worship leader Mark Swayze in 2009. After several years of leading worship at University United Methodist Church in San Antonio, Texas, the band moved to The Woodlands United Methodist Church in The Woodlands, Texas in 2014. Context_8 : "Mademoiselle chante le blues" (Eng: "Mademoiselle Sings the Blues", possibly referring to the Billie Holiday song "Lady Sings the Blues") is the name of a 1987 song recorded by the French singer Patricia Kaas. It was her first single from her debut studio album, "Mademoiselle chante...", on which it features as ninth track, and her second single overall. Released in November 1987, it was Kaas' first hit, reaching the top ten in France. It remains one of the most emblematic songs of the singer. Context_9 : "Another Christmas (Old Borego)" is a Holiday song written and recorded by the alternative rock band Switchfoot. The song was originally featured exclusively as one of the tracks on KROQ-FM's annual Christmas compilation CDs, "Kevin & Bean's Christmastime in the 909," which was released in 2004. Context_10 : Elmo Shropshire, DVM (born October 26, 1936), is a singer of comedy tunes, most notably the holiday song "Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer". He originally recorded the song in 1979 with his then-wife, Patsy. Under the stage name Dr. Elmo, he re-recorded it solo for the 1992 album "Dr. Elmo's Twisted Christmas", and again in 2000 for the album "Up Your Chimney". He also recorded two albums of year-round songs: "Dr. Elmo's Twisted Tunes" (1993) and "Love, Death and Taxes" (2000). fact_1 : "My Only Wish" is a holiday song written by Jessica Simpson, Aaron Pearce and Christopher Stewart, recorded by American singer-songwriter Jessica Simpson. fact_2 : Jessica Ann Johnson (née Simpson, previously Lachey; born July 10, 1980) is an American singer and actress. Question: "My Only Wish" is a holiday song, recorded by which American singer-songwriter and actress?
answer:
Jessica Simpson


question:
Context_1 : Pamvotida (Greek: Παμβώτιδα ) is a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Ioannina, of which it is a municipal unit. It is named after the Lake of Ioannina, which is also known as Pamvotida. The municipal unit has an area of 138.616 km. Population 10,468 (2011). The seat of the municipality was in Katsikas. Context_2 : Bizani (Greek: Μπιζάνι ) is a village and a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Ioannina, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 91.372 km, the community 11.660 km. In 2011 its population was 5,124. The seat of the municipality was in Pedini. The municipal unit is situated in the plains and low hills south and southwest of Ioannina. The Greek National Road 5 (Ioannina - Arta), the Greek National Road 17 (Ioannina - Dodoni) and the Egnatia Odos motorway (Igoumenitsa - Ioannina - Thessaloniki) pass through the municipal unit. Context_3 : Ali Pascha von Janina oder Die Franzosen in Albanien ("Ali Pasha of Ioannina or The French in Albania") is a one-act German singspiel. It is set around 1820 in Ioannina, then part of the Ottoman Empire and is named after its central character Ali Pasha of Ioannina. Context_4 : The Ioannina Castle (Greek: Κάστρο Ιωαννίνων ) is the fortified old town of the city of Ioannina in northwestern Greece. The present fortification dates largely to the reconstruction under Ali Pasha in the late Ottoman period, but incorporates also pre-existing Byzantine and ancient Greek elements. Context_5 : Mitsikeli (Greek: Μιτσικέλι ) is a mountain range in the central part of the Pindus mountains, in Epirus, Greece. The mountain is located northeast of Ioannina and Lake Ioannina. Its highest elevation is 1,810 m. It stretches from near Kalpaki in the northwest to the eastern end of Lake Ioannina, a total length of 35 km. The northeastern slopes and the lower northwestern part of Mitsikeli are forested. The nearest mountains are the Tymfi to the north, the Lygkos to the northeast and the Lakmos to the east. It is drained by tributaries of the Thyamis to the northwest, towards Lake Ioannina to the southwest, by the Voidomatis (tributary of the Aoos) to the northeast and by the Arachthos to the southeast. Context_6 : Greek National Road 20 (Greek: Εθνική Οδός 20 , abbreviated as EO20) is a single carriageway road in northwestern Greece. It links the cities of Ioannina and Kozani via Konitsa and Siatista. It passes through the Ioannina, Kastoria and the Kozani regional units. Since the opening of the A2 (Egnatia Odos), it is no longer the fastest connection between Kozani and Ioannina. The section between Ioannina and Kalpaki is part of the European route E853. Context_7 : The Ioannina Eyalet (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت یانیه; "Eyālet-i Yānyâ"‎ ) was an administrative unit of the Ottoman Empire located in the territory of present-day southern Albania, central and northern Greece. It was formed in 1670 and its administrative centre was Ioannina. In period 1788—1822 Ali Pasha, the sanjakbey of Trikala, seized control over Ioannina and after enlisting most of the local brigands under his own banner took advantage of a weak Ottoman government to gain control over the Ioannina Eyalet and most of Albania and continental Greece, transforming it into the semi-autonomous Pashalik of Yanina. After he was killed in 1822 the Ottoman Empire reestablished the Ioannina Eyalet which existed until establishment of the Janina Vilayet in 1867. Context_8 : Kalpaki (Greek: Καλπάκι ) is a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pogoni, of which it is a municipal unit. It is situated about 30 km northwest of Ioannina, and southwest of Konitsa. The municipal unit has an area of 116.756 km, the community 13.189 km. Population 1,719 (2011). The Greek National Road 20 connects Kalpaki with Ioannina and Konitsa. The GR-22 connects Kalpaki with Kakavia, the border crossing into southern Albania. Context_9 : Ali Pasha (1740 – 24 January 1822), variously referred to as of Tepelena or of Janina/Yannina/Ioannina, or the Lion of Yannina, was an Ottoman Albanian ruler who served as pasha of a large part of western Rumelia, the Ottoman Empire's European territories, which was referred to as the Pashalik of Yanina. His court was in Ioannina, and the territory he governed incorporated most of Epirus and the western parts of Thessaly and Greek Macedonia. Ali had three sons: Muhtar Pasha, who served in the 1809 war against the Russians, Veli Pasha, who became pasha of the Morea Eyalet and Salih Pasha, governor of Vlore. Context_10 : Lake Pamvotida or Pamvotis (Greek: Λίμνη Παμβώτιδα/Παμβώτις ), commonly also Lake of Ioannina (Greek: Λίμνη των Ιωαννίνων , "Limni ton Ioanninon") is the largest lake of Epirus, located in the central part of the Ioannina regional unit in northern Greece. The regional capital Ioannina to the west and the town of Perama to the north are urban settlements fringing the lake while the remaining of its periphery is composed of farmland. The lake features small fishing ports and a boating port. There is a regular boat service to the Ioannina Island. The Greek National Road 6 surrounds the northern half of the lake. fact_1 :  The present fortification dates largely to the reconstruction under Ali Pasha in the late Ottoman period, but incorporates also pre-existing Byzantine and ancient Greek elements. fact_2 : Ali Pasha (1740 – 24 January 1822), variously referred to as of Tepelena or of Janina/Yannina/Ioannina, or the Lion of Yannina, was an Ottoman Albanian ruler who served as pasha of a large part of western Rumelia, the Ottoman Empire's European territories, which was referred to as the Pashalik of Yanina. fact_3 :  His court was in Ioannina, and the territory he governed incorporated most of Epirus and the western parts of Thessaly and Greek Macedonia. Question: What empire was the person who reconstructed the Ioannina Castle part of?
answer:
the Ottoman Empire


question:
Context_1 : The Treaty of Fort Laramie (also called the Sioux Treaty of 1868) was an agreement between the United States and the Oglala, Miniconjou, and Brulé bands of Lakota people, Yanktonai Dakota and Arapaho Nation signed on April 29, 1868 at Fort Laramie in the Wyoming Territory, guaranteeing the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills, and further land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. The Powder River Country was to be henceforth closed to all whites. The treaty ended Red Cloud's War. Context_2 : The Powder River Massacre, part of the Powder River Expedition, occurred on August 17, 1865, and was carried out by United States soldiers and Pawnee scouts against 24 Cheyenne people. The incident occurred near the Powder River in Dakota Territory, in present-day Johnson County, Wyoming. Context_3 : Fort C. F. Smith was a military post established in the Powder River country by the United States Army in Montana Territory on August 12, 1866, during Red Cloud's War. Established by order of Col. Henry B. Carrington, it was one of five forts proposed to protect the Bozeman Trail against the Oglala Lakota (Sioux), who saw the trail as a violation of the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie . The fort was abandoned in 1868 and burned by the Sioux under Red Cloud. Context_4 : Oliver Red Cloud (November 30, 1919 – July 4, 2013) was a chief of the Oglala Sioux. Oliver Red Cloud is a direct descendant of Chief Red Cloud. He was the spiritual leader of the tribe for many years and very active in tribal affairs as well as the annual pow wow. He worked hard to instill spiritual values and rituals. He spoke at length during the annual pow wows every August. This pow wow of dancing and friendship is one of the largest in the USA open to all. He became Chief of the Oglala Lakota, also known as the Oglala Sioux, in 1977 at the death of his father Charles Red Cloud. Context_5 : USNS "Red Cloud" (T-AKR 313) is one of Military Sealift Command's nineteen Large, Medium-Speed Roll-on/Roll-off (LMSR) Ships and is one of the 49 ships in the prepositioning program. She is a "Watson"-class vehicle cargo ship named for Corporal Mitchell Red Cloud, Jr., a Medal of Honor recipient, after whom Camp Red Cloud in Korea is also named. Context_6 : Red Cloud (Lakota: Maȟpíya Lúta) (1822 – December 10, 1909) was one of the most important leaders of the Oglala Lakota. He led from 1868 to 1909. One of the most capable Native American opponents that the United States Army faced in its mission to subdue the western territories, he led a successful campaign in 1866–1868 known as Red Cloud's War over control of the Powder River Country in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana. The largest action of the war, the Fetterman Fight (with 81 men killed on the US side), was the worst military defeat suffered by the US on the Great Plains until the Battle of the Little Bighorn ten years later. Context_7 : Henry Beebee Carrington (March 2, 1824 – October 26, 1912) was a lawyer, professor, prolific author, and an officer in the United States Army during the American Civil War and in the Old West during Red Cloud's War. A noted engineer, he constructed a series of forts to protect the Bozeman Trail, but suffered a major defeat at the hands of the warchief Red Cloud. Context_8 : The Powder River Crossing, officially known as Powder River Station-Powder River Crossing (48JO134 and 48JO801), is an abandoned settlement located on the east bank of the Powder River in southeast Johnson County about twenty-four miles east of Kaycee, Wyoming. It developed after a wooden toll bridge was built across the Powder River in 1877, at a site that was originally used as a ford. With crossing secured, a settlement developed here in the late 19th century, incorporating a stage stop on the Bozeman Trail. The site is notable for having well-preserved wagon ruts from the pioneer era. Context_9 : Red Cloud's War (also referred to as the Bozeman War or the Powder River War) was an armed conflict between the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Northern Arapaho on one side and the United States in Wyoming and Montana territories from 1866 to 1868. The war was fought over control of the western Powder River Country in present north-central Wyoming. This grassland, rich in buffalo, was traditionally Crow Indian land, but the Lakota had recently taken control. The Crow tribe held the treaty right to the disputed area, according to the major agreement reached at Fort Laramie in 1851. All involved in "Red Cloud's War" were parties in that treaty. Context_10 : The Powder River Expedition of 1865 also known as the Powder River War or Powder River Invasion, was a large and far-flung military operation of the United States Army against the Lakota Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians in Montana Territory and Dakota Territory. Although soldiers destroyed one Arapaho village and established Fort Connor to protect travelers on the Bozeman Trail, the expedition is considered a failure because it failed to defeat the Indians and secure peace in the region. fact_1 : Henry Beebee Carrington (March 2, 1824 – October 26, 1912) was a lawyer, professor, prolific author, and an officer in the United States Army during the American Civil War and in the Old West during Red Cloud's War. fact_2 :  A noted engineer, he constructed a series of forts to protect the Bozeman Trail, but suffered a major defeat at the hands of the warchief Red Cloud. fact_3 : Red Cloud's War (also referred to as the Bozeman War or the Powder River War) was an armed conflict between the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Northern Arapaho on one side and the United States in Wyoming and Montana territories from 1866 to 1868. Question: Who did the warchief Red Cloud defeat in the Powder River War?
answer:

Henry Beebee Carrington