Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: Activation and inactivation of nuclear factor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B cells (NFKB) is tightly regulated to ensure effective onset and cessation of defensive inflammatory signaling. However, mutations within NFKB, or change in activation and inactivation molecules have been reported in a few cancers. Although oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer in India, with a development associated with malignant transformation of precancerous lesions, the genetic status of NFKB and relative rates of change in oral precancerous lesions remain unknown. Hence in the present study we investigated all twenty four exons of NFKB gene in two precancerous lesions, namely oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral leukoplakia (OL) to understand its occurrence, incidence and assess its possible contribution to malignant transformation.', 'Chromosomal DNA isolated from twenty five each of OSMF and OL tissue biopsy samples were subjected to PCR amplification with intronic primers flanking twenty four exons of the NFKB gene. The PCR amplicons were subsequently subjected to direct sequencing to elucidate the mutation status.', 'Sequence analysis identified a novel heterozygous mutation, c.419T>A causing substitution of leucine with glutamine at codon 140 (L140Q) in an OL sample.

Output: 0


Input: Consider Input: Vulvovaginitis has a known association with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in girls. We hypothesize that vulvovaginitis is a major contributor to UTIs in prepubertal girls by increasing periurethral colonization with uropathogens.', 'Periurethral swabs and urine specimens were obtained from a total of 101 girls (58 with vulvovaginitis and 43 without vulvovaginitis). Specimens were cultured for bacterial growth. The dominant organism in the periurethral swabs and urine cultures was recorded and antibiotic sensitivity profiles were compared.', 'Periurethral swabs from children with vulvovaginitis were associated with a statistically significant increase in uropathogenic bacteria (79% Enterococcus species or Escherichia coli) as the dominant culture compared with swabs from girls without vaginitis (18%) (p\u2009<\u20090.05). In children with vulvovaginitis, 52% of the urine cultures were positive for UTIs, and the dominant organism in the urine cultures matched the species and antibiotic sensitivity profile of the corresponding periurethral swab. Only 11% of the urine cultures from girls without vulvovaginitis were positive for UTIs.

Output: 0


Input: Consider Input: Studies associate atheroemboli with neurologic complications following cardiac surgery. The International Council of Emboli Management (ICEM) has demonstrated debris is captured when intraaortic filtration is employed during cardiac surgery. Particulate debris has been extracted from over 98% of ICEM patients and fibrous atheroma from 73%. Anastomotic device use may reduce aortic manipulation, minimizing debris. This study compares particulate capture among three patient groups: Cohort 1 (n = 745) patients receiving on-pump CABG-only procedures; Cohort 2 (n = 24) patients receiving off-pump CABG-only procedures with conventional anastomoses; Cohort 3 (n = 10) patients receiving off-pump CABG-only procedures with automatic proximal anastomoses.', 'The intraaortic filter was placed distal to anastomoses, and proximal to the innominate artery. Upon removal, filters were fixed in formalin and shipped to a core lab (Stanford, CA). Demographic, procedural, and outcomes data were collected in the ICEM Registry.', 'Of the 745 patients receiving stopped-heart CABG, complete data on preoperative risk factors was reported for 673 patients. At least 19 patients reported complete data in Cohort 2, and 10 reported in Cohort 3. One adverse outcome, a death, occurred in the 24 off-pump patients reporting (4.2%). Histologic analyses showing the number of filters successfully extracting particles, the number of particles and total particulate surface area per filter, and the ranges are shown in below. Histologic Finding Cohort 1 Cohort 2 Cohort 3 Filters with particles 98% 100% 100% Mean # of particles 8.5 9.6 5.6 Range # of particles 0-76 1-29 2-13 Mean surface area (mm2) 11.8 18.4 6.1 Range surface area (mm2) 0-171 0.5-61 0.2-14


Output: 0