In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Input: Consider Input: Context: To determine whether the number and location of positive surgical margins (PSMs) in radical prostatectomy (RP) surgical specimens affect biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates.', 'The locations of PSMs were recorded for 1308 consecutive men who underwent RP between October 2000 and December 2006. BCR was defined as three consecutive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level rises with the peak level >or=0.15 ng/mL. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify preoperative predictors of PSMs and BCR. The estimated 5-year risk of BCR was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.', 'In all, 128 (9.8%) men had one or more PSMs. The mean body mass index, mean preoperative serum PSA level, the distributions of clinical stage and biopsy Gleason scores, and the presence or absence of biopsy perineural invasion were significantly different between men with or with no PSMs. In multivariate analysis, baseline serum PSA level, Gleason score and perineural invasion were independent preoperative predictors of PSMs. The 5-year actuarial BCR rates were dependent on the site of the PSM (P = 0.035) and not the number of PSMs (P = 0.18). The rank order of estimated 5-year BCR rates according to the site of PSMs were base > anterior > posterolateral > apex approximately posterior.\Question: Does site of positive surgical margins influence biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy?

Output: About half of the men with PSMs in the RP surgical specimen in our prospective series did not develop BCR. The risk of BCR was dependent on the site and not the number of PSMs. Adjuvant therapy should be considered in cases with anterior and basilar PSMs due to the very high risk of BCR.


Input: Consider Input: Context: To test device integrity and objective auditory reaction for cochlear implant patients intraoperatively.', 'Our protocol for intraoperative testing of the implant device includes device electrode impedance test and neural response telemetry (NRT), which measures the electrically evoked auditory nerve compound action potentials (ECAP).', 'We completed electrode integrity tests and NRT intraoperatively on 40 patients with the Nucleus CI24M cochlear implant. We have measured normal implant function on all 40 patients and obtained ECAP results from 39 patients. Out of 33 patients with normal inner ear, typical ECAPs were recorded in 195 electrodes in all 198 testing electrodes(98.5%). In 7 patients with inner ear Mondini dysphasia, affirmative ECAP waveforms were recorded in 26 electrodes in all 42 testing electrodes. The basal electrode ECAP threshold was higher than that of the epical one.\Question: Do [ The intraoperative application of neural response telemetry with the nucleus CI24M cochlear implant ]?

Output: The intraoperative measurements of device function and NRT are quite simple, quick and with high accuracy. Inner ear malformation is an important factor that may affect NRT results.


Input: Consider Input: Context: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized as a disease continuum that is marked by metabolic changes that are present for several years, sometimes well before frank diagnosis of T2DM. Genetic predisposition, ethnicity, geography, alterations in BMI, and lipid profile are considered important markers for the pathogenesis of T2DM through mechanisms that remain unresolved and controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between triglycerides (TGs) and β-cell function, insulin resistance (IR), and insulin sensitivity (IS) in obese first-degree relatives of patients with T2DM (FDR-T2DM) among subjects from central Mexico with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).', 'We studied 372 FDR-T2DM subjects (ages,18-65) and determined body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin, and TGs levels. Subjects were categorized based on glycemic control [NGT, prediabetes (PT2DM), or T2DM]. NGT subjects were further categorized by BMI [normal weight (Ob-) or obese (Ob+)] and TGs levels (TG-, <150\u2009mg/dL, or TG+, ≥150\u2009mg/dL). β-cell function, IR, and IS were determined by the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA2-β), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) indices, respectively.', 'The obese subjects with elevated TGs levels had 21%-60% increased β-cell function when compared to all groups (P<0.05). In addition, this group had insulin levels, IS, and IR similar to PT2DM. Furthermore, only in obese subjects did TGs correlate with β-cell function (ρ=0.502, P<0.001).\Question: Do obese first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes with elevated triglyceride levels exhibit increased β-cell function?


Output: We characterized FDR-T2DM subjects from central Mexico with NGT and revealed a class of obese subjects with elevated TGs and β-cell function, which may precede PT2DM.