Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[Q]: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) ranges from fatty liver to inflammation and cirrhosis. miRNA-155 is an important regulator of inflammation. In this study, we describe the in vivo role of miR-155 in ALD.', 'Wild-type (WT) (C57/BL6J) or miR-155 knockout (KO) and TLR4 KO mice received Lieber DeCarli diet for 5weeks. Some mice received corn oil or CCl4 for 2 or 9weeks.', 'We found that miR-155 KO mice are protected from alcohol-induced steatosis and inflammation. The reduction in alcohol-induced fat accumulation in miR-155 KO mice was associated with increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element (PPRE) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)α (miR-155 target) binding and decreased MCP1 production. Treatment with a miR-155 inhibitor increased PPARγ expression in naïve and alcohol treated RAW macrophages. Alcohol increased lipid metabolism gene expression (FABP4, LXRα, ACC1 and LDLR) in WT mice and this was prevented in KO mice. Alcohol diet caused an increase in the number of CD163(+) CD206(+) infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils in WT mice, which was prevented in miR-155 KO mice. Kupffer cells isolated from miR-155 KO mice exhibited predominance of M2 phenotype when exposed to M1 polarized signals and this was due to increased C/EBPβ. Pro-fibrotic genes were attenuated in miR-155 KO mice after alcohol diet or CCl4 treatment. Compared to WT mice, attenuation in CCl4 induced hydroxyproline and α-SMA was observed in KO mice. Finally, we show TLR4 signaling regulates miR-155 as TLR4 KO mice showed no induction of miR-155 after alcohol diet.
[A]: 1


[Q]: This study aimed at (1) comparing the prevalence of generalized hypermobility in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and healthy volunteers, (2) examining the clinical importance of generalized hypermobility in patients with CFS, and (3) examining whether knee proprioception is associated with hypermobility in patients with CFS.', 'Sixty-eight patients with CFS filled out two self-reported measures (for the assessment of symptom severity and disability), were questioned about muscle and joint pain, and were screened for generalized hypermobility. Afterward, the patients performed a knee repositioning test (assessment of knee proprioception), and it was examined whether or not they fulfilled the criteria for benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS). Sixty-nine age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were screened for generalized joint hypermobility and performed the same knee repositioning test.', 'Compared with the healthy volunteers (4.3%, 3/68), significantly more patients with CFS (20.6%, 14/69) fulfilled the criteria for generalized joint hypermobility (Fisher exact test, P < .004). No associations were found between generalized joint hypermobility and the self-reported measures (including pain severity) or knee proprioception (Spearman correlation analysis). Knee proprioception was similar in both groups (Mann-Whitney U = 1961, z = -1.745, P = .81). Forty patients with CFS (58.8%) fulfilled the criteria for BJHS.
[A]: 1


[Q]: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) patients experience long-term immunosuppression, which increases susceptibility to infection and relapse rates due to minimal residual disease (MRD). Sex steroid (SS) ablation is known to reverse age-related thymic atrophy and decline in B-cell production', 'This study used a congenic HSCT mouse model to analyze the effects of SS ablation (through surgical castration) on immune reconstitution and growth factor production following auto-HSCT. Bone marrow (BM) and thymic stromal cell (TSCs) populations were analyzed using RT-PCR and were tested for the production of growth factors previously implicated in immune reconstitution or age-relate immune degeneration', 'Castration increased bone marrow (BM), thymic, and splenic cellularity following auto-HSCT. HSC number and common lymphoid precursor (CLP) frequency and number were increased in castrated mice. B cell precursor numbers were also significantly increased in the BM of these mice. Triple negative, double positive and single positive thymocytes were increased following HSCT and castration, as were thymic dendritic cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells. This enhanced lymphoid reconstitution of the primary immune organs leads to a significant increase in splenic T and B cells 42 days after HSCT. The molecular mechanisms behind the enhanced reconstitution were also studied. TGF-beta1 was decreased in castrated mice compared to sham-castrated controls in TSCs and BM cells. TSC production of IL-6 was also decreased in castrated mice
[A]:
0