Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Pathologic change in Alzheimer disease (AD) begins some years before symptoms. MRS has the potential to detect metabolic abnormalities reflecting this early pathologic change. Presenilin 1 (PS1) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutation carriers have a nearly 100% risk of developing AD and may be studied prior to symptom onset.', 'Short echo time proton MR spectra were acquired from a midline posterior cingulate voxel in presymptomatic carriers of PS1 or APP mutations ("presymptomatic mutation carriers" [PMCs]; n = 7) and age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 6). Ratios of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (MI), and choline-containing compounds (Cho) to creatine (Cr) were measured and NAA/MI calculated. Regression analyses and t tests were performed after log transformation.', 'PMC and control subjects were matched for age and sex. PMC subjects were 1.7 to 21.6 years (mean 9.8 years) before expected symptom onset, predicted from family-specific mean age at onset. Age did not significantly affect metabolite ratios. Geometric mean ratios in control subjects were as follows: NAA/Cr = 1.75, MI/Cr = 0.59, and NAA/MI = 2.95. NAA/Cr and NAA/MI were significantly reduced in PMC relative to controls (NAA/Cr mean decrease 10% [95% CI 2 to 18%]; NAA/MI mean decrease 25% [95% CI 3 to 44%]). MI/Cr was increased in PMC, but the differences did not achieve significance (19% increase [95% CI 1% decrease to 41% increase]; p = 0.07)). In PMCs, reduction in NAA/MI (p = 0.001) and MI/Cr (p = 0.002) were related to proximity of expected age at onset.

A: Does mRS show abnormalities before symptoms in familial Alzheimer disease?
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Q: Sleep plays a central role in maintaining health and cognition. In most epidemiologic studies, sleep is evaluated by self-report questionnaires but several reports suggest that these evaluations might be less accurate than objective measures such as polysomnography or actigraphy. Determinants of the discrepancy between objective and subjective measures remain to be investigated. The aim of this pilot-study was to examine the role of mood states in determining the discrepancy observed between objective and subjective measures of sleep duration in older adults.', 'Objective sleep quantity and quality were recorded by actigraphy in a sample of 45 elderly subjects over at least three consecutive nights. Subjective sleep duration and supplementary data, such as mood status and memory, were evaluated using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).', "A significant discrepancy was observed between EMA and actigraphic measures of sleep duration (p < 0.001). The magnitude of this difference was explained by the patient's mood status (p = 0.020). No association was found between the magnitude of this discrepancy and age, sex, sleep quality or memory performance.

A: Does mood influence the Concordance of Subjective and Objective Measures of Sleep Duration in Older Adults?
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Q: The interleukin (IL)-10-production B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (Asro) with unknown mechanism. Micro RNA (miR)-17-92 cluster has strong immune regulatory activities. This study tests a hypothesis that miR-17-92 cluster suppresses IL-10 expression in B cells of Asro patients.', 'Patients with Asro were recruited into this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients. B cells were isolated from the blood samples and analyzed to elucidate the role of miR-17-92 in the regulation of IL-10 expression.', 'Peripheral B cells from patients with Asro show lower levels of IL-10 than that from healthy subjects. The IL-10 expression in the B cells is negatively correlated with the expression of miR-19a in the B cells. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 in Asro patients were higher than healthy subjects. Exposure to TNF-α or IFN-γ or IL-4 suppressed IL-10 expression in B cells via increasing the expression of miR-19a in B cells, which could be abolished by Inhibition of miR-19a.

A:
Does micro RNA-19a suppress IL-10 in peripheral B cells from patients with atherosclerosis?
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