In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[Q]: Context: Mice deficient in apolipoprotein E (apoE(-/-)) develop atherosclerosis. The possible linkage between expression of adhesion molecules/cofactors and atherosclerosis was probed at the level of mRNA and protein expression. The hypothesis of a linkage between changes of adhesion molecules/cofactors and atherosclerosis was tested further by suppression of aortic lesion formation in apoE(-/-) mice by expression of very low levels of transgenic apolipoprotein E.', 'We show that at 8.5 months of age, the apoE(-/-) mice display elevated expression of mRNA for LFA-1, MAC-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and for CD44, as well as MCP-1, cathepsin B, and COX-2 (but not that for eNOS) in atherosclerotic aortic arches. At earlier age, (10-13 week old) apoE(-/-) mice already display elevated expression of mRNA of CD44, LFA-1, MAC-1, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, cathepsin, and of COX-2 in lesioned aortic arches. Expressing very low levels of transgenic apolipoprotein E suppresses both aortic lesions and the expression of mRNA of LFA-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1, cathepsin B, and of ICAM-1 in ApoE(-/-) mice. We tested at the level of protein, the observations obtained for mRNA expression. CD11a (a component of LFA-1), VCAM-1 and cathepsin B expression was found to be elevated in apoE(-/-) aortas at 8-9 months; low level expression of transgenic apolipoprotein E rectifies these changes.\Question: Is altered gene expression in early atherosclerosis blocked by low level apolipoprotein E?
[A]: Atherosclerotic lesions in apoE(-/-) mice are detected as early as 4 weeks of age. Expression of low levels of apoE is shown to be both atheroprotective and to suppress these changes in key adhesion and inflammatory molecules observed in early atherosclerotic lesions.


[Q]: Context: The caudal-type homeodomain transcriptional factor CDX2, a member of the caudal-related homeobox gene family, plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in the gut. Recent studies have reported that expression of CDX2 was an independent marker of outcome in patients with resected adenocarcinoma of ampulla of Vater, gastric cancer, and colon cancer. The clinicopathological significance of CDX2 expression has hitherto remained unclear in biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). The aim of this study was to determine whether CDX2 expression in BTC indicates clinical outcome.', 'The expression of CDX2 was investigated immunohistochemically in surgically resected specimens from 164 patients with BTC, including 74 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, 49 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, and 41 gallbladder carcinomas. The correlation between expression of CDX2 and clinicopathological factors, including overall survival, tumor location, tumor stage, and degree of tumor differentiation, was examined in patients with BTC.', 'In total, 27 of the 164 (16.46%) patients with BTC expressed CDX2. The frequency of CDX2 expression was much higher in the extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (22.45%) and gallbladder carcinomas (29.27%) than in the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (5.41%), the difference being statistically significant (P = 0.002). Factors influencing survival on univariate analysis were tumor stage (P < 0.00001), degree of tumor differentiation (P = 0.0002), and CDX2 expression (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model, CDX2 expression and tumor stage were independent prognostic factors in patients with BTC.\Question: Is expression of the caudal-type homeodomain transcription factor CDX2 related to clinical outcome in biliary tract carcinoma?
[A]: Expression of CDX2 was an independent indicator of outcome in patients with BTC in addition to tumor stage and tumor differentiation. The mechanism by which CDX2 expression influences behavior of biliary tract carcinoma needs further investigation.


[Q]: Context: While it is well-known that there is 18F-FDG uptake in breast tumors, clinical impact of (18)F-FDG PET in managing breast cancer patients is not well-studied.', 'One hundred and thirty-three consecutive breast cancer patients from May 1996 to June 2000 were studied. All patients were treated and being followed. Reasons of referral included equivocal conventional studies, staging/re-staging, clinical suspicion of recurrence, and elevated serum tumor markers. Clinical status at 6 months postPET is used as the gold standard in lesions of worsening versus stable or improving.', 'PET was 69% sensitive and 80% specific in predicting clinical stage at 6 months. This 69% of the patients who got worse at 6 months was PET positive and 80% of the patients who were stable or improving at 6 months were PET negative. There was a significant association between PET results and clinical outcome, after adjusting for stage of disease (P=0.04), or for the treatment patients received (P<0.01). Negative PET results changed therapy as often as positive ones did. PET influenced treatment decisions in 74% of the patients referred for study.\Question: Does a retrospective analysis of the impact of 18F-FDG PET scan on clinical management of 133 breast cancer patients?
[A]:
PET holds promise as a sensitive and specific modality in following treated breast cancer patients. PET results contain information on 6 month outcome that is independent of stage or past treatment and influence patient management.