In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Ex Input:
Essential oil of star anise as well as phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes, for example, trans-anethole, eugenol, β-eudesmol, farnesol, β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide, which are present in many essential oils, were examined for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro. Antiviral activity was analyzed by plaque reduction assays and mode of antiviral action was determined by addition of the drugs to uninfected cells, to the virus prior to infection or to herpesvirusinfected cells. Star anise oil reduced viral infectivity by >99%, phenylpropanoids inhibited HSV infectivity by about 60-80% and sesquiterpenes suppressed herpes virus infection by 40-98%. Both, star anise essential oil and all isolated compounds exhibited anti-HSV-1 activity by direct inactivation of free virus particles in viral suspension assays. All tested drugs interacted in a dosedependent manner with herpesvirus particles, thereby inactivating viral infectivity. Star anise oil, rich in trans-anethole, revealed a high selectivity index of 160 against HSV, whereas among the isolated compounds only β-caryophyllene displayed a high selectivity index of 140. The presence of β-caryophyllene in many essential oils might contribute strongly to their antiviral ability. These results indicate that phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes present in essential oils contribute to their antiviral activity against HSV.

Ex Output:
Original Article Screening for Antiviral Activities of Isolated Compounds from Essential Oils


Ex Input:
Here we describe a novel endonuclease IV (Endo IV) based assay utilizing a substrate that mimics the abasic lesions that normally occur in doublestranded DNA. The three component substrate is characterized by single-stranded DNA target, an oligonucleotide probe, separated from a helper oligonucleotide by a one base gap. The oligonucleotide probe contains a non-fluorescent quencher at the 5 0 end and fluorophore attached to the 3 0 end through a special rigid linker. Fluorescence of the oligonucleotide probe is efficiently quenched by the interaction of terminal dye and quencher when not hybridized. Upon hybridization of the oligonucleotide probe and helper probe to their complementary target, the phosphodiester linkage between the rigid linker and the 3 0 end of the probe is efficiently cleaved, generating a fluorescent signal. In this study, the use of the Endo IV assay as a post-PCR amplification detection system is demonstrated. High sensitivity and specificity are illustrated using single nucleotide polymorphism detection.

Ex Output:
A novel endonuclease IV post-PCR genotyping system


Ex Input:
The structural and intracellular proteins of the murine hepatitis viruses MHV-JHM and MHV-A59 were studied by tryptic peptide mapping. The results demonstrated that the virions contained three distinct proteins: the two related chains of the E2 complex, the nucleocapsid protein and the heterogeneous E1 complex. Five distinct virus-specific proteins were synthesized by infected cells. Three of the five intracellular proteins contained tryptic-peptides with properties similar to the three structural proteins. Models describing the evolution of the proteins are proposed. Although the pathogenic properties of MHV-JttM and MHV-A59 differ greatly, the tryptic peptide maps of the corresponding proteins of these MHV strMns were remarkably similar. 334 C.W. BOND, K. A~VD~,~SON, and J. L. LEIBOWITZ: at least seven virus-specific RNA species that function as mRNAs (12, 13, 20, 22) . Five of the seven mRNAs have been translated in vitro and coding assignments have been made (13, 20) . Five to nine virus-specific proteins have been identified in cells infected by MHV-JHM, MHV-A59 or MHV-3 (1, 3, 5, 18, 21) . The virus-specific proteins were identified by comparison of immunoprecipitates of infected and mock-infected cell lysates with purified virions by SDS-polyacryIamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). STURMAN (26) proposed a model for the structure of MHV-A59. Three structural proteins were described; the nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), the transmembrane gtycoprotein (El) and the peplomerie glycoprotein complex (E 2), which consists of two related proteins. SIDDELL (19) analyzed the structural and intracellular proteins of MHV-JHYI by tryptic peptide mapping of ssS-methionine-labeled proteins. The results indicated that six distinct virus-specific proteins were synthesized by infected cells during the acute infection. The virus particles contained four of these proteins. WEiss and LEIBOWITZ (31) demonstrated by molecular hybridization that the genomes of MHV strains JHM and A59 are closely related in sequence. The molecular weights of the MHV-JHM and MHV-A 59 proteins are similar by SDS-PAGE (2, 3), yet the pathogenic properties of these two viruses are strikingly different (15, 17). In this communication we present tryptic peptide maps of MHV-JHM and MHV-A59 proteins.

Ex Output:

Archives of Virology Protein Synthesis in Cells Infected by Murine Hepatitis Viruses JHM and A 59: Tryptie Peptide Analysis