In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[Q]: Context: To test the hypothesis that effective pulmonary capillary blood flow can be a useful indicator for estimating appropriate oxygenation and ventilation during one-lung ventilation in lung surgery.', 'Prospective data analysis.', 'A 770-bed general teaching hospital.', '15 ASA physical status II and III patients undergoing elective lung surgery.', 'Patients received general and thoracic epidural anesthesia and underwent lung operation with one-lung ventilation.', 'We measured effective pulmonary capillary blood flow by a partial CO2 rebreathing method and oxygenation parameters during two-lung ventilation before surgery, during one-lung ventilation, and during two-lung ventilation after lung surgery.', 'The effective pulmonary capillary blood flow index significantly decreased by 31.6%, which was associated with a significant decrease in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2). The pulmonary shunt fraction increased to 46.3% during one-lung ventilation. During two-lung ventilation, after chest closure, effective pulmonary capillary blood flow index divided by heart rate (i.e., effective pulmonary blood stroke flow index) was still significantly lower than that seen during two-lung ventilation before thoracotomy. There were significant correlations between effective pulmonary capillary blood flow, pulmonary blood stroke flow index, and PaO2.\Question: Is a noninvasive partial carbon dioxide rebreathing technique for measurement of pulmonary capillary blood flow also a useful oxygenation monitor during one-lung ventilation?
[A]: Effective pulmonary capillary blood flow index and effective pulmonary blood stroke flow index are useful indicators for determining appropriate oxygenation therapy during one-lung ventilation.


[Q]: Context: To compare rates of undertriage and overtriage of six ambulance dispatch protocols for the presenting complaint of nontraumatic abdominal pain, and to identify the optimal protocol.', 'Retrospective prehospital and emergency department chart review to classify patients\' conditions as "emergency" or "nonemergency." Utility analysis was used to identify the preferred protocol and monetary cost-effectiveness analysis to identify the least expensive protocol.', 'County emergency medical services (EMS) system with five receiving hospitals serving a mainly urban population of approximately 350,000.', 'Records of 902 patients who called 911 for nontraumatic abdominal pain were reviewed; patients not transported were excluded. Twenty-seven county EMS medical directors completed questionnaires.', 'Six ambulance dispatch protocols for nontraumatic abdominal pain were developed: indiscriminate-dispatch, four selective protocols, and no-dispatch. A dichotomous classification system was derived prospectively from the prehospital and medical records of patients who had activated the EMS system before the study period to define "emergency" and "nonemergency" conditions associated with nontraumatic abdominal pain. Emergency criteria identified patients with conditions requiring medical treatment within 1 hour. Reviewers determined, for each patient, whether an ambulance would have been dispatched by each of the protocols. Undertriage and overtriage rates were calculated for each protocol. County EMS medical directors assigned utility values to four potential outcomes of ambulance dispatch by the direct scaling method. The outcomes comprised correct and incorrect decisions to dispatch ambulances to patients with and without emergencies. The protocols were compared by decision analysis. A cost analysis was also performed, using an estimated marginal cost per transport of $302. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the effect of varying the cost of an undertriage error and the cost per response. Of the 788 patients included in the study, 7.8% had conditions defined as emergencies. The four selective ambulance dispatch protocols had overtriage rates ranging from 10% to 51% and undertriage rates of 4% to 7%. None of the protocols was proven superior on the basis of the medical directors\' assignment of utility values. The marginal cost of dispatching advanced life support ambulances to all patients with this complaint was $3,838 per emergency.\Question: Do comparison of ambulance dispatch protocols for nontraumatic abdominal pain?
[A]: The majority of patients with nontraumatic abdominal pain who requested ambulance transport during the study period did not have conditions that were classified as emergencies. In the study model, if an undertriage error costs more than $3,674, indiscriminate ambulance dispatch is the least expensive protocol, and if an undertriage error costs less than $3,674, no ambulance dispatch is the least expensive strategy.


[Q]: Context: Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is one of the most common genetic causes of cognitive impairment and developmental disability yet little is known about the neural bases of those challenges. Here we expand upon our previous neurocognitive studies by specifically investigating the hypothesis that changes in neural connectivity relate to cognitive impairment in children with the disorder.', 'Whole brain analyses of multiple measures computed from diffusion tensor image data acquired from the brains of children with the disorder and typically developing controls. We also correlated diffusion tensor data with performance on a visuospatial cognitive task that taps spatial attention.', 'Analyses revealed four common clusters, in the parietal and frontal lobes, that showed complementary patterns of connectivity in children with the deletion and typical controls. We interpreted these results as indicating differences in connective complexity to adjoining cortical regions that are critical to the cognitive functions in which affected children show impairments. Strong, and similarly opposing patterns of correlations between diffusion values in those clusters and spatial attention performance measures considerably strengthened that interpretation.\Question: Are atypical cortical connectivity and visuospatial cognitive impairments related in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome?
[A]:
Our results suggest that atypical development of connective patterns in the brains of children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome indicate a neuropathology that is related to the visuospatial cognitive impairments that are commonly found in affected individuals.