Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
To investigate the relationship between the damages of hand functions and the type of cerebral palsy (CP) in children with CP.', 'A total of 280 children aged 4-12 years old with CP in the 20 districts of Chengdu were included. The damages of hand functions were assessed with the Chinese Version of Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) and its relationship with the type of CP were analyzed.', 'Among the 280 investigated children, there were 195 chidren with spastic CP, which accounted for the largest proportion (69.64%), wherein the spastic diplegia was most common (56.41%). The classification of MACS was level I-II in 65.13% children with spastic CP, whereas the classification of MACS was level IU-V in 84. 44% and 80.95% children with mixed and dyskinetic CP, respectively. With the increase of the degree of cognitive dysfunction in children with CP, the level of MACS was also increased. There was a difference between the classification of MACS and the different type of CP (P<0.05). The children with spastic CP were mostly mild hand dysfunction, while the children with mixed and dyskinetic type of CP were mostly middle and severe hand dysfunction. A positive correlation was found between the MACS and the subtype of spastic CP (r=0.541, P<0.05). In most of the children with diplegia from spastic CP, the hand dysfunction was mild, whereas the children with quadriplegia from spastic CP were mostly middle and severe hand dysfunction.

Ex Output:
1


Ex Input:
We examined hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and nuclear factor-kappaB in acquired cystic disease of the kidney associated with renal cell carcinoma to elucidate the roles of these factors in cyst formation and subsequent tumor transformation.', 'Immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB (active form) were examined in 20 normal kidney samples obtained from nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma and 25 kidneys with acquired cystic disease associated renal cell carcinoma from 23 patients on dialysis.', 'Only faint or weak immunostaining for hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB was observed in normal kidney tissues. In nontumor areas of the kidneys with acquired cystic disease expressions of these 3 proteins was up-regulated in tubular and cyst epithelial cells. Acquired cysts were classified into 3 types according to cyst epithelium morphology, namely flat, cuboidal and hyperplastic. Hyperplastic cysts were the predominant cysts expressing hypoxia-inducible protein 2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. Although up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB was observed in renal cell carcinoma, positive hypoxia-inducible protein 2 immunostaining was detected predominantly in papillary renal cell carcinoma, while positive hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB immunostaining was prominent in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Ex Output:
1


Ex Input:
To determine the effects of supplemental fiber on plasma p-cresol, stool frequency, and quality of life (QoL) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.', 'In a 12-week single-blind study, participants were provided with control muffins and supplements (5.5\xa0g sucrose/day) for 2\xa0weeks, muffins containing 10\xa0g/day pea hull fiber and control supplements for 4\xa0weeks, and muffins with 10\xa0g/day pea hull fiber and 15\xa0g/day inulin as a supplement for 6\xa0weeks.', 'Individuals with CKD (n\xa0=\xa013; 6 males, 7 females; aged 65\xa0±\xa03\xa0years; estimated glomerular filtration rate <50\xa0mL/minute/1.73(2)) completed the study.', 'Plasma p-cresol was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, stool frequency by 5-day journals, and QoL by the KDQOL-36™.', 'Plasma p-cresol decreased from 7.25\xa0±\xa01.74\xa0mg/L during week 1 to 5.82\xa0±\xa01.72\xa0mg/L during week 12 (P\xa0<\xa0.05), and in participants with high compliance (>70% inulin intake), from 6.71\xa0±\xa01.98\xa0mg/L to 4.22\xa0±\xa01.16\xa0mg/L (P\xa0<\xa0.05). Total fiber intake increased from 16.6\xa0±\xa01.7\xa0g/day during control to 26.5\xa0±\xa02.4\xa0g/day (P\xa0<\xa0.0001) with the added pea hull and to 34.5\xa0±\xa02.2\xa0g/day with pea hull and inulin (P\xa0<\xa0.0001). Stool frequency increased from 1.4\xa0±\xa00.2 stools/day during control to 1.9\xa0±\xa00.3 stools/day during both fiber periods (P\xa0<\xa0.05). No change in overall QoL was observed.

Ex Output:

1