In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

[EX Q]: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are important respiratory pathogens with similar symptomatology. The aim of this prospective birth cohort study was to identify risk factors for an hMPV or RSV infection during the first year of life in unselected healthy children. We followed 217 children from birth to 1 year of age. Nasal swabs and symptom diaries were collected monthly. Anti-hMPV and anti-RSV IgG antibodies by age 1 year were detected by ELISA, and nasal swabs were analysed for hMPV and RSV by RT-PCR. Logistic regression was used for risk factor analysis. Anti-hMPV IgG was found in 38 children (17.5%), and anti-RSV IgG in 172 children (79%). Risk factors for being anti-hMPV IgG-positive were: (1) being born in the spring (OR =2.36; 95% CI:1.06-5.27), and (2) having older siblings (OR=3.82; 95% CI:1.75-8.34). Risk factors for being anti-RSV IgG-positive were: (1) gestational age <38 weeks (OR=3.39; 95% CI:1.42-8.05), (2) increasing paternal age (OR=1.85 per 5 yrs; 95% CI:1.28-2.68), and (3) wall-to-wall carpeting (OR=3.15; 95% CI:1.29-7.68). Being born in the spring was associated with decreased odds of being anti-RSV IgG-positive (OR=0.27, 95% CI:0.09-0.85). Risk factors for RSV hospitalisation (n= 11) were: (1) older siblings (OR=4.49; 95% CI: 1.08-18.73) and (2) smoking in the household (OR=5.06; 95% CI: 1.36-18.76). Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 14 days of life protected against hospitalisation (OR= 0.21; 95% CI:0.06-0.79). In conclusion, this study identifies risk factors for mild and asymptomatic hMPV infections in infancy. Abbreviations hMPV human metapneumovirus RSV respiratory syncytial virus OR odds ratio PBS phosphate-buffered saline NPA nasopharyngeal aspirate RT-PCR reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay RT room temperature M-PBS PBS with 2% skim-milk powder HRP horseradish peroxidase TMB tetramethyl benzidine OD optical density SD standard deviation PDV Phocine Distemper Virus Eur
[EX A]: A community study of clinical traits and risk factors for human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection during the first year of life

[EX Q]: Background: Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a major infectious disease that impacts the poultry industry worldwide. Despite intensive efforts, no effective vaccine has been developed against ALV because of mutations that lead to resistant forms. Therefore, there is a dire need to develop antiviral agents for the treatment of ALV infections and RNA interference (RNAi) is considered an effective antiviral strategy. Results: In this study, the avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) proviral genome, including the gag genes, were treated as targets for RNAi. Four pairs of miRNA sequences were designed and synthesized that targeted different regions of the gag gene. The screened target (i.e., the gag genes) was shown to effectively suppress the replication of ALV-J by 19.0-77.3%. To avoid the generation of escape variants during virus infection, expression vectors of multi-target miRNAs were constructed using the multi-target serial strategy (against different regions of the gag, pol, and env genes). Multi-target miRNAs were shown to play a synergistic role in the inhibition of ALV-J replication, with an inhibition efficiency of viral replication ranging from 85.0-91.2%. Conclusion: The strategy of multi-target miRNAs might be an effective method for inhibiting ALV replication and the acquisition of resistant mutations.
[EX A]: Enhanced inhibition of Avian leukosis virus subgroup J replication by multi-target miRNAs

[EX Q]: The aldehyde inhibitor Z-Ala-Ala-Phe-CHO has been synthesized and shown by 13 C-NMR to react with the active site serine hydroxyl group of alpha-chymotrypsin to form two diastereomeric hemiacetals. For both hemiacetals oxyanion formation occurs with a pK a value of~7 showing that chymotrypsin reduces the oxyanion pK a values bỹ 5.6 pK a units and stabilizes the oxyanions of both diastereoisomers by~32 kJ mol −1 . As pH has only a small effect on binding we conclude that oxyanion formation does not have a significant effect on binding the aldehyde inhibitor. By comparing the binding of Z-Ala-Ala-Phe-CHO with that of Z-Ala-Ala-Phe-H we estimate that the aldehyde group increases binding~100 fold. At pH 7.2 the effective molarity of the active site serine hydroxy group is~6000 which is~7× less effective than with the corresponding glyoxal inhibitor. Using 1 H-NMR we have shown that at both 4 and 25°C the histidine pK a is~7.3 in free chymotrypsin and it is raised to~8 when Z-Ala-Ala-Phe-CHO is bound. We conclude that oxyanion formation only has a minor role in raising the histidine pK a and that the aldehyde hydrogen must be replaced by a larger group to raise the histidine pK a N 10 and give stereospecific formation of tetrahedral intermediates. The results show that a large increase in the pK a of the active site histidine is not needed for the active site serine hydroxyl group to have an effective molarity of 6000.
[EX A]:
Hemiacetal stabilization in a chymotrypsin inhibitor complex and the reactivity of the hydroxyl group of the catalytic serine residue of chymotrypsin