In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.

[Q]: Context_1 : The First Battle of Smolensk was a battle during the second phase of Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, in World War II. It was fought around the city of Smolensk between 10 July and 10 September 1941, about 400 km west of Moscow. The Wehrmacht had advanced 500 km into the USSR in the 18 days after the invasion on 22 June 1941. During the battle the German Army encountered unexpected resistance, leading to a severe delay in their advance on Moscow. Context_2 : The Siege of Sevastopol also known as the Defence of Sevastopol (Russian: Оборона Севастополя , transliteration: "Oborona Sevastopolya") or simply the Battle of Sevastopol (German: Schlacht um Sewastopol) was a military battle and a siege that took place on the Eastern Front of the Second World War. The campaign was fought by the Axis powers of Germany, Romania, and Italy against the Soviet Union for control of Sevastopol, a port in the Crimea on the Black Sea. On 22 June 1941 the Axis invaded the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa. Axis land forces reached the Crimea in the autumn of 1941 and overran most of the area. The only objective not in Axis hands was Sevastopol. Several attempts were made to secure the city in October and November 1941. A major attack was planned for late November, but heavy rains delayed the Axis attack until 17 December 1941. Under the command of Erich von Manstein, Axis forces were unable to capture Sevastopol during this first operation. Soviet forces launched an amphibious landing on the Crimean peninsula at Kerch in December 1941 to relieve the siege and force the Axis to divert forces to defend their gains. The operation saved Sevastopol for the time being, but the bridgehead in the eastern Crimea was eliminated in May 1942. Context_3 : In October and November 1940, German–Soviet Axis talks occurred concerning the Soviet Union's potential entry as a fourth Axis Power in World War II. The negotiations, which occurred during the era of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, included a two-day Berlin conference between Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov, Adolf Hitler and German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, followed by both countries trading written proposed agreements. After two days of negotiations from 12 to 14 November 1940, Germany presented the Soviets with a draft written Axis pact agreement defining the world spheres of influence of the four proposed Axis powers (Japan, Germany, Soviet Union, Italy). Hitler, Ribbentrop and Molotov tried to set German and Soviet spheres of influence; Hitler encouraged Molotov to look south to Iran and eventually India while preserving German access to Finland's resources, and to remove Soviet influence in the Balkans. Molotov remained firm, seeking to remove German troops from Finland and gain a warm water port in the Balkans. Soviet foreign policy calculations were predicated by the idea that the war would be a long - term struggle and therefore German claims that Britain would be defeated swiftly were treated with scepticism. In addition Stalin sought to remain influential in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia. These factors resulted in Molotov taking a firm line. According to a Columbia University academical source, on 25 November 1940, the Soviets presented a Stalin-drafted written counterproposal where they would accept the four power pact, but it included Soviet rights to Bulgaria and a world sphere of influence centered on the area around modern Iraq and Iran. Germany did not respond, leaving the negotiations unresolved. Regarding the counterproposal, Hitler remarked to his top military chiefs that Stalin "demands more and more", "he's a cold-blooded blackmailer" and that "a German victory has become unbearable for Russia" so that "she must be brought to her knees as soon as possible." Germany broke the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in June 1941 by invading the Soviet Union. Context_4 : The German–Soviet Credit Agreement (also referred to as the German–Soviet Trade and Credit Agreement) was an economic arrangement between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany whereby Soviet Union received an acceptance credit of 200 million Reichsmark. over 7 years with an effective interest rate of 4.5 percent. The credit line was to be used during the next two years for purchase of capital goods (factory equipment, installations, machinery and machine tools, ships, vehicles, and other means of transport) in Germany and was to be paid off by means of Soviet material shipment from 1946 onwards. The economic agreement was the first step toward improvement in relations between the Soviet Union and Germany. The next day after the Credit Agreement, the Soviet Union went to war against Japan, in a successful four-week military campaign in the Far East. The Nazi-Soviet Pact was signed four days after the Credit Agreement. The 1939 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement renewed declined Nazi–Soviet economic relations and was adjusted and expanded with the larger German–Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940 and January 1941 German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement. German shipments to the Soviets became tardy and failed to provide all that was promised the closer the date of Barbarossa came. The Soviets fulfilled their obligations to the letter right up until the invasion, wanting to avoid provoking Germany. All these agreements were terminated when Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, in violation of the treaties between the two countries. Soviet trade with Germany in the pre-invasion period ended up providing the Germans with many of the resources they needed for their invasion of the Soviet Union. Context_5 : The Cruciada împotriva comunismului ("Crusade Against Communism", in reference to Operation Barbarossa) was a Romanian World War II medal, instituted on April 1, 1942 by the Royal Decree No. 1014, of King Michael I of Romania. It was commissioned to recognise the distinguished service of Romanian and other Axis Powers military and civilian personnel operating on both the Eastern and Home fronts ("see Romania during World War II"). Context_6 : During World War II, Nazi Germany engaged in a policy of deliberate maltreatment of Soviet prisoners of war (POWs), in contrast to their treatment of British and American POWs. This resulted in some 3.3 to 3.5 million deaths, or 57% of all Soviet POWs. During Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, and the subsequent German–Soviet War, millions of Red Army prisoners of war were taken. Many were executed, arbitrarily in the field by the German forces or handed over to the SS to be shot, under the Commissar Order; most died during the death marches from the front lines or under inhumane conditions in German prisoner-of-war camps and concentration camps. Context_7 : Operation Barbarossa (German: "Unternehmen Barbarossa") was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, starting Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II. Context_8 : The First Battle of Kiev was the German name for the operation that resulted in a very large encirclement of Soviet troops in the vicinity of Kiev during World War II. This encirclement is considered the largest encirclement in the history of warfare (by number of troops). The operation ran from 7 August to 26 September 1941 as part of Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. In Soviet military history, it is referred to as the Kiev Strategic Defensive Operation, with somewhat different dating of 7 July – 26 September 1941. Context_9 : Order No. 270, issued on 16 August 1941, by Joseph Stalin during the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, ordered Red Army personnel to "fight to the last", virtually banned them from surrendering, and set out severe penalties for deserters and senior officers regarded as derelicting their duties. Order 270 is widely regarded as the basis of subsequent, often controversial Soviet policies regarding prisoners of war. Context_10 : Stalin's Missed Chance is a book published in 2000 by Russian military historian Mikhail Ivanovich Meltyukhov, regarding Viktor Suvorov's controversial theories regarding Soviet war plans during 1939–1941. Meltyukhov – the author of several other books and articles on Soviet military history – rejects claims that the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union was a preemptive strike. fact_1 : The Cruciada împotriva comunismului ("Crusade Against Communism", in reference to Operation Barbarossa) was a Romanian World War II medal, instituted on April 1, 1942 by the Royal Decree No. 1014, of King Michael I of Romania. fact_2 : Operation Barbarossa (German: "Unternehmen Barbarossa") was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, starting Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II. Question: Cruciada împotriva comunismului was named in reference to which Axis invasion of the Soviet Union?
[A]: Operation Barbarossa


[Q]: Context_1 : Anne of Green Gables is a 1934 film directed by George Nicholls, Jr., based upon the novel, "Anne of Green Gables" by Lucy Maud Montgomery. The actress Dawn O'Day who portrayed the title character of Anne Shirley changed her stage name to "Anne Shirley" after making this film. There was also a sequel; "Anne of Windy Poplars". Context_2 : T*Witches is an American children's fantasy novel series by H. B. Gilmour and Randi Reisfeld published between 2001 and 2004. The cover art and design is by David Loew and Joyce White. The books were published by Scholastic Press, a subsidiary of the Scholastic Corporation, who also published the British Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling and the Canadian Anne of Green Gables series by Lucy Maud Montgomery. Context_3 : Looking for Anne of Green Gables: The Story of L. M. Montgomery and her Literary Classic is a dual biography of Anne Shirley and her creator L. M. Montgomery. "Anne of Green Gables" is a 1908 children’s novel which has been read by over fifty million readers and translated into over thirty-five languages. The author reconstructs the development of Anne Shirley, the main character in Montgomery's novel. Context_4 : The Florida Scholastic Press Association (FSPA) is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1946. It is the scholastic press association for the state of Florida and its members consist of more than 300 student publications, online media teams and broadcast programs from the state. The main mission of the organization is to educate, train and support scholastic journalists and their advisers. Context_5 : Before Green Gables is the title of a prequel to the Anne Shirley series. The book was published in 2008 by Puffin, a division of Penguin Books, as part of Puffin's celebration of Anne Shirley's centennial anniversary, which will also see the Anne Shirley series re-released to commemorate the event. The first book in the Anne Shirley series was "Anne of Green Gables", which was published in 1908. Context_6 : Anne of Green Gables is a 1908 novel by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery (published as L. M. Montgomery). Written for all ages, it has been considered a children's novel since the mid-twentieth century. It recounts the adventures of Anne Shirley, an 11-year-old orphan girl who is mistakenly sent to Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, a middle-aged brother and sister who had intended to adopt a boy to help them on their farm in the fictional town of Avonlea on Prince Edward Island. The novel recounts how Anne makes her way with the Cuthberts, in school, and within the town. Context_7 : Anne Shirley is a fictional character introduced in the 1908 novel "Anne of Green Gables" by Lucy Maud Montgomery. Montgomery wrote in her journal that the idea for Anne's story came from relatives who, planning to adopt an orphaned boy, received a girl instead. Anne Shirley's appearance was inspired by a photograph which Montgomery clipped from the Metropolitan Magazine and kept, unaware of the model's identity as the 1900s Gibson Girl Evelyn Nesbit. Context_8 : Victoria Scott is an American writer of young adult fiction novels. She’s the author of "Titans" and the "Fire & Flood" series published by Scholastic Press, as well as the "Dante Walker" trilogy published by Entangled Teen. Victoria’s novels have been bought and translated in eleven foreign markets. Victoria was born in New Braunfels, Texas and currently resides in Dallas, Texas with her husband and daughter. Context_9 : Amanda is a novel written by Candice F. Ransom. It is the first in the Sunfire series of thirty-two books. It was published by Scholastic Press in 1984, and is 346 pages long. It is currently an out-of-print book, though the trademark is still held by Scholastic Press. Context_10 : Oviedo High School is a grade 9-12 public secondary school set on a 52 acre campus in Oviedo, Florida, a community situated in southeastern Seminole County operated by Seminole County Public Schools. The “Oviedo School” was established in 1932 as a comprehensive K-through-12 educational facility; members of the first graduating class received their diplomas in 1935. The secondary grades separated from the elementary in 1948, and the upper level, which moved to the current site in 1969, became Oviedo High School, now one of the oldest schools in Central Florida. The school recently underwent a $50 million renovation project. The school newspaper is the "Lion's Tale", an award-winning paper recognized by the National Scholastic Press Association, the Columbia Scholastic Press Association, and the Florida Scholastic Press Association. fact_1 :  The books were published by Scholastic Press, a subsidiary of the Scholastic Corporation, who also published the British Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling and the Canadian Anne of Green Gables series by Lucy Maud Montgomery. fact_2 : Anne of Green Gables is a 1908 novel by Canadian author Lucy Maud Montgomery (published as L. M. Montgomery). Question: What year was the series published that recounts the adventures of Anne Shirley and published by Scholastic Press?
[A]: 1908


[Q]: Context_1 : Greenwich Village, often referred to by locals as simply "the Village", is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan, New York City. Greenwich Village has been known as an artists' haven, the Bohemian capital, the cradle of the modern LGBT movement, and the East Coast birthplace of both the Beat and '60s counterculture movements. "Groenwijck", one of the Dutch names for the village (meaning "Green District"), was Anglicized to "Greenwich". Two of New York's private colleges, New York University (NYU) and the New School, are located in Greenwich Village. Context_2 : Dancenoise is an American performance art duo created by Anne Iobst and Lucy Sexton. Dancenoise entered the New York and Washington, D.C., art and club scene in 1983, performing at venues such as WOW Café, the Pyramid, 8BC, Performance Space 122, Franklin Furnace, The Kitchen, La Mama and King Tut’s Wah Wah Hut. Their work has also been presented around Europe as well as at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. In addition to their work under the title "Dancenoise", Iobst and Sexton, along with Jo Andres and Mimi Goese, were frequent collaborators with Tom Murrin, an East Village performance artist known for his monthly celebrations in honor of the full moon. Dancenoise is a recipient of National Endowment of the Arts Choreographic Fellowships and a Bessie Award for New York Dance and Theatre. Context_3 : The Lemp Neighborhood Arts Center (LNAC) is a non-profit performance space, art gallery, and community center located in the historic Benton Park neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. Since March 1994, the organization has been the forefront of art spaces committed to the DIY ethic in St. Louis and the Midwest, holding the position as one of the longest-running "Do-It-Yourself" music venue in the region and in the United States behind ABC No Rio in the Lower East Side neighborhood of New York City, the Che Cafe in La Jolla, California, and 924 Gilman Street in Oakland, California. Context_4 : The Rochester Area Colleges is a consortium of higher education institutions in the Rochester, New York metropolitan area in the United States. Founded in 1970, Rochester Area Colleges has numerous area public and private colleges as members, and provides numerous collaborative working opportunities for colleges and their students. The purpose of the association is to support the functions of career development, placement and experiential education in the region. University of Rochester is generally regarded as the premier institution within the consortium. Context_5 : Goatmother Industrial is an art producing entity currently based in Philadelphia, PA. Established in 2003, it serves as an identifying moniker for numerous art and sound related activities by artist Mark Rice. Originally based in Bloomington, Indiana, Rice took the title with him to the East Coast in 2009, where he has since attained his Masters of Fine Arts in printmaking at the Rhode Island School of Design. He is on an 11-month artist residency at Hub-Bub, an art gallery and performance space located in Spartanburg, South Carolina. Rice then taught Drawing, Art History, and Art Appreciation courses at USC Upstate and surrounding community colleges. In from 2013, Rice relocated to Philadelphia and for several years worked as the printmaking instructor and product coordinator at the Center for Creative Works, a non-profit vocational day program for adults with intellectual, physical, and developmental disabilities focused on therapeutic creative expression located in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. Rice currently teaches printmaking courses at Tyler School of Art. Context_6 : The Southern Vermont Arts Center is a multi-disciplinary arts organization in Manchester, Vermont. It is located on the west side of West Road, at the former Yester House country estate. The center includes art galleries with permanent and rotating exhibits, the area's largest sculpture park, a performance space, and educational facilities. Its grounds are open to the public for recreational pursuits, with trails for hiking and cross-country skiing. The center's campus is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Context_7 : Artspace in Richmond, Virginia began in 1988 and is a non-profit, artist-run 501-C3 gallery and performance space currently located south of the James River in the Manchester area of the city at Zero East 4th Street in the art complex Plant Zero. The gallery began as Artspace 1306 in a donated, rent-free space at 1306 Cary Street in Richmond's historic Shockoe Slip. Upon the loss of its free space, the gallery moved to North 18th Street in Shockoe Bottom, retaining its original name of Artspace 1306. The gallery's next move as Artspace 1306 was to a much larger building at 6 East Broad Street in Jackson Ward, and the name of the gallery was changed at the request of the Richmond post office to Artspace, removing its former street number to prevent confusion at the new location. Artspace was the first of the Shockoe Bottom art galleries incorporated as non-profit organizations to locate on Broad Street, and it became an anchor gallery for Richmond's First Friday Art Walk and a popular and long-lasting venue for the Arts and Cultural District formed for Broad Street and Downtown Richmond. Context_8 : Alina Troyano, more commonly known as Carmelita Tropicana, is a Cuban-American stage and film lesbian actress who lives and works in New York City. Troyano burst on New York’s downtown performing arts scene in the eighties with her alter ego, the spitfire Carmelita Tropicana and her counterpart, the irresistible archetypal Latin macho Pingalito Betancourt, followed by performances as Hernando Cortez’s horse and la Cucaracha Martina from her childhood fairy tales in Cuba. In Tropicana’s work humor and fantasy become subversive tools to rewrite history. In 1999, she received an Obie Award for Sustained Excellence in Performance. She is the sister of the independent film director Ela Troyano, who directed "Carmelita Tropicana: Your Kunst Is Your Waffen". Both form part of the alternative arts scene in the East Village and Lower East Side. Tropicana started her career in the early 1980s performing at the WOW Café Theater (a woman's theater collective) and now performs extensively in spaces such as Performance Space 122 and Dixon Place. In 2010, Tropicana served as a co-hostess to Vaginal Davis' performance piece "Speaking from the Diaphragm" at Performance Space 122. Tropicana often collaborates with her sister and with other performers such as Marga Gomez. She is the author of a collection of performance pieces and short essays called "I, Carmelita Tropicana: Performing between Cultures" that includes four performance scripts, a screenplay, and three essays. Some of her work was featured in tatiana de la tierra's magazine "Esto no tine nombre", which gave voice to Latina lesbians all over the world and published the artistic pieces of Latina lesbians like Tropicana's. Context_9 : Ishmael Houston-Jones (born 1951, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA) is a choreographer, author, performer, teacher, curator, and arts advocate known for his improvisational dance and language work. This work has been performed in New York City, across the United States, in Europe, Canada, Australia and Latin America. Houston-Jones and Fred Holland shared a 1984 New York Dance and Performance Bessie Award for their work "Cowboys, Dreams and Ladders" performed at The Kitchen and he shared another Bessie Award in 2011 with writer Dennis Cooper and composer Chris Cochrane for the 2010 revival of their 1985 collaboration, "THEM". "THEM" was performed at Performance Space 122 (PS 122) New York's American Realness Festival, Springdance in Utrecht, Tanz im August in Berlin, REDCAT in Los Angeles, Centre Pompidou in Paris, and at TAP,Theatre and Auditorium of Poitiers, France . The 1985 premier performance of THEM at PS122 was part of New York's first AIDS benefit. Context_10 : The Kitchen is a non-profit, multi-disciplinary art and performance space located at 512 West 19th Street, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It was founded in Greenwich Village in 1971 by Steina and Woody Vasulka, taking its name from the original location, the kitchen of the Mercer Arts Center, where artists working mostly in video showed their work. Although first intended as a location for the exhibition of video art, The Kitchen soon expanded its mission to include other forms of art, both plastic and performance. In 1974, The Kitchen relocated to a building at the corner of Wooster and Broome Streets in SoHo, and incorporated as a not-for-profit arts organization. In 1987 it moved to its current location. fact_1 : The Kitchen is a non-profit, multi-disciplinary art and performance space located at 512 West 19th Street, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. fact_2 :  It was founded in Greenwich Village in 1971 by Steina and Woody Vasulka, taking its name from the original location, the kitchen of the Mercer Arts Center, where artists working mostly in video showed their work. fact_3 :  Two of New York's private colleges, New York University (NYU) and the New School, are located in Greenwich Village. Question: How many New York private colleges are there in this region where the non-profit, multi-disciplinary art and performance space The Kitchen is founded?
[A]:
Two