instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
To determine the impact of the time interval from the end of sperm preparation (TSP) to intrauterine insemination (IUI) on the outcome.', 'Prospective multicentre cohort study.', 'Seven French centers (assisted reproduction group in northeastern France, four academic centers, and three clinics).', 'Eight hundred sixty-two IUI cycles (709 patients) managed by gonadotropins were studied.', 'Cycles were stimulated by either FSH or hMG, and hCG was administrated when the leading follicle diameter measured >15 mm. IUIs were performed ∼ 36 hours after ovulation triggering.', 'Generalized linear mixed models for binary outcomes were used to model clinical pregnancy (CP) to assess the effect of TSP adjusted for other predictors (such as maternal age, semen quality, and indication of IUI treatment).', 'The TSP effect was significant, featuring an inverse U-shaped curve admitting an optimum interval of ∼ 40-80 minutes improving CP compared with other values. Other significant predictors were total motile spermatozoa inseminated, maternal age, and unexplained infertility.
answer:
Is clinical success of intrauterine insemination cycles affected by the sperm preparation time?


question:
To investigate the influence of metabolic syndrome on prostate-specific antigen levels by considering prostate volume and plasma volume.', 'We retrospectively analyzed 4111 men who underwent routine check-ups including prostate-specific antigen and transrectal ultrasonography. The definition of metabolic syndrome was based on the modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Prostate-specific antigen mass density (prostate-specific antigen × plasma volume / prostate volume) was calculated for adjusting plasma volume and prostate volume. We compared prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen mass density levels of participants with metabolic syndrome (metabolic syndrome group, n = 1242) and without metabolic syndrome (non-prostate-specific antigen metabolic syndrome group, n = 2869). To evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome on prostate-specific antigen, linear regression analysis for the natural logarithm of prostate-specific antigen was used.', 'Patients in the metabolic syndrome group had significantly older age (P < 0.001), larger prostate volume (P < 0.001), higher plasma volume (P < 0.001) and lower mean serum prostate-specific antigen (non-metabolic syndrome group vs metabolic syndrome group; 1.22 ± 0.91 vs 1.15 ± 0.76 ng/mL, P = 0.006). Prostate-specific antigen mass density in the metabolic syndrome group was still significantly lower than that in the metabolic syndrome group (0.124 ± 0.084 vs 0.115 ± 0.071 μg/mL, P = 0.001). After adjusting for age, prostate volume and plasma volume using linear regression model, the presence of metabolic syndrome was a significant independent factor for lower prostate-specific antigen (prostate-specific antigen decrease by 4.1%, P = 0.046).
answer:
Is prostate-specific antigen lowering effect of metabolic syndrome influenced by prostate volume?


question:
The relative contribution of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) to cognitive dysfunction in comparison with the underlying brain pathology is not yet understood in children with lesional focal epilepsy.', 'The current study investigated the association of IEDs with intellectual functioning in 103 children with medication-resistant focal epilepsy. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to determine the independent contribution of IED features on intellectual functioning, after controlling for effects of lesional pathology, epilepsy duration, and medication. Exploratory analyses were conducted for language and memory scores as well as academic skills available in a subset of participants.', 'The results reveal that IEDs have a negative association with IQ with independent, additive effects documented for frequent and bilaterally distributed IEDs as well as discharge enhancement in sleep. Left-lateralized IEDs had a prominent effect on verbal intelligence, in excess of the influence of left-sided brain pathology. These effects extended to other cognitive functions, most prominently for sleep-enhanced IEDs to be associated with deficits in expressive and receptive language, reading, spelling and numerical skills.
answer:

Do interictal epileptiform discharges have an independent association with cognitive impairment in children with lesional epilepsy?