instruction:
In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question based on the context. You have to classify the questions into "Extractive", "Abstractive", or "Yes-no" questions. Extractive questions can be answered by concatenating extracts taken from a context into a summary while answering abstractive questions involves paraphrasing the context using novel sentences. Yes-no question is a question whose expected answer is one of two choices, one that affirms the question and one that denies the question. Typically, the choices are either yes or no.
question:
We thus try to remove the language-specific information from the representations by centering the representations of sentences in each language so that their average lies at the origin of the vector space. 
 Question: Are language-specific and language-neutral components disjunctive?
answer:
Yes-no


question:
First, in order to deal with the unseen relations, we propose to break the relation names into word sequences for question-relation matching. Second, noticing that original relation names can sometimes help to match longer question contexts, we propose to build both relation-level and word-level relation representations. Third, we use deep bidirectional LSTMs (BiLSTMs) to learn different levels of question representations in order to match the different levels of relation information. Finally, we propose a residual learning method for sequence matching, which makes the model training easier and results in more abstract (deeper) question representations, thus improves hierarchical matching. 
 Question: What they use in their propsoed framework?
answer:
Extractive


question:
Specifically, we group the models based on the objective function it optimizes. We believe this work can aid the understanding of the existing literature.  We believe that the performance of these models is highly dependent on the objective function it optimizes - predicting adjacent word (within-tweet relationships), adjacent tweet (inter-tweet relationships), the tweet itself (autoencoder), modeling from structured resources like paraphrase databases and weak supervision.  
 Question: How do they encourage understanding of literature as part of their objective function?
answer:

Abstractive