TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
PROBLEM: This review examines the question of whether exercise can be used as an experimental model to further our understanding of innate antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) and their role in susceptibility to infection at mucosal surfaces. There is strong evidence to suggest that AMPs, in combination with cellular and physical factors, play an important role in preventing infection. Although AMPs act directly on microorganisms, there is increasing recognition that they also exert their protective effect via immunomodulatory mechanisms, especially in noninflammatory conditions. Further studies that manipulate physiologically relevant concentrations of AMPs are required to shed light on the role they play in reducing susceptibility to infection. Evidence shows that in various form prolonged and/or exhaustive exercise is a potent modulator of the immune system, which can either sharpen or blunt the immune response to pathogens. The intensity and duration of exercise can be readily controlled in experimental settings to manipulate the degree of physical stress. This would allow for an investigation into a potential dose-response effect between exercise and AMPs. In addition, the use of controlled exercise could provide an experimental model by which to examine whether changes in the concentration of AMPs alters susceptibility to illness.

SOLUTION: Antimicrobial peptides and proteins, exercise and innate mucosal immunity

PROBLEM: Food security in the Middle East is directly affected by a challenging combination of ongoing destructive conflicts, a global economic downturn, widespread poverty, high population growth, corruption, intolerance, and the potentially damaging consequences of climate change. Many Arab countries demonstrate nearly all the features of those countries classified as poor, less developed, or failing to achieve the eight Millennium Goals. Even the economies of the richer oil-exporting countries in the Region have been seriously damaged by the downturn in oil and gas prices as new sources come on stream elsewhere and demand falls as a result of renewable sources of energy becoming available. Climate change predictions for the Region are worrisome even if most of the environmental commitments made by countries at the UN Climate Change Conference in Paris at the end of 2015 are delivered. Large parts of the Region already suffer from periods of extreme temperatures and shortages of fresh water, so harsher conditions of higher temperatures and weather extremes pose special problems for inhabitants and policymakers, with heightened geopolitical risks and uncertainties. Agriculture is especially vulnerable. Modern agricultural technologies with improved cultivars and livestock breeds must displace poor agricultural and pastoral practices. Larger-scale, bettercapitalised production units are required with policy shifts to remove marketdistorting subsidies, tariffs, and other regulatory impedances. Agricultural "roadmaps" are needed to encourage the most appropriate crops and maintain livestock in the most appropriate places. The trading of meat, dairy products and many types of crops to water-poor regions can be regarded as an efficient way to 261 redistribute water. In unsettled times, food security requires protection of foodproducing, food-processing, and food-distribution industries are protected along with research and development facilities, and the maintenance of skilled personnel. There are doubts as to whether agencies of the United Nations, other international agencies, donor countries and charities are able to provide adequate humanitarian aid and humanitarian intervention to enable safeguarding of displaced peoples and ensuring the resumption of normal peaceful conditions essential for food security to be guaranteed. Promises of aid funds must become reality, followed by the establishment of functional supply and transport networks, and rapid transition to self-reliance thereafter. Food security and social stability are inextricably linked. The solution to the food-security problems in the Region ultimately lies in the actions of governments, businesses and individuals. Governments need embedded scientific and technological expertise, strong civil-society institutions, integrity, and a particular focus on high-quality education.

SOLUTION: Food Security in an Insecure Future

PROBLEM: Vaxign is the first web-based vaccine design system that predicts vaccine targets based on genome sequences using the strategy of reverse vaccinology. Predicted features in the Vaxign pipeline include protein subcellular location, transmembrane helices, adhesin probability, conservation to human and/or mouse proteins, sequence exclusion from genome(s) of nonpathogenic strain(s), and epitope binding to MHC class I and class II. The precomputed Vaxign database contains prediction of vaccine targets for > 70 genomes. Vaxign also performs dynamic vaccine target prediction based on input sequences. To demonstrate the utility of this program, the vaccine candidates against uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) were predicted using Vaxign and compared with various experimental studies. Our results indicate that Vaxign is an accurate and efficient vaccine design program.

SOLUTION:
Methodology Report Vaxign: The First Web-Based Vaccine Design Program for Reverse Vaccinology and Applications for Vaccine Development