Generate an explanation for the given claim using the provided supporting material from the paragraph. Please consider the following points while generating an output. 1) The claim will always have supporting proof in the paragraph, and the paragraph will have a clear point of view supporting the claim. 2) There can be instances where direct correlation to the claim is not available. Make use of the sentences in the paragraph to provide a corresponding output supporting the claim. 3) The explanation should be at least one and at most twelve sentences long.

Input: Consider Input: Paragraph: The National Park Service and the U.S. Public Health Service told the San Francisco Chronicle they launched an investigation after employees and visitors reported the problems this month. Federal officials said they haven’t identified the illness or the origin of the outbreak. Park officials said those who had gotten sick are getting better or already recovered. Federal officials were working with Aramark, the concessionaire that operates Yosemite’s restaurants, snack shops and hotels, to clean up and disinfect food service facilities in the park, including the famous Ahwahnee Hotel, Yosemite spokesman Scott Gediman said. “The park is reminding all employees and visitors to wash their hands frequently and stay home if they experience any symptoms of a gastrointestinal illness,” Gediman said in a statement. A message seeking comment from a spokesman for Aramark has not been returned. Aramark received numerous complaints from visitors about poor food quality, shuttle service and other services since it began managing Yosemite’s concessions four years ago. The Ahwahnee Hotel lost its prestigious four-diamond rating by AAA, a distinction the luxury hotel held since 1991, and is now listed as a three-diamond hotel. Visitors to the hotel at the foot of the iconic Half Dome have included Queen Elizabeth II and U.S. presidents. Claim: Stomach illness outbreak at Yosemite prompts major clean-up.

Output: Federal health officials are inspecting Yosemite National Park’s food service areas after at least a dozen people have fallen ill with stomach issues.


Input: Consider Input: Paragraph: Prime Minister Shinzo Abe declared a state of emergency in Tokyo and six other prefectures last week in response to the coronavirus outbreak. While many businesses in Tokyo and elsewhere are now shut, most convenience stores have stayed open as they are considered essential. There are around 58,000 convenience stores throughout Japan. Most are open 24 hours and sell everything from pre-made bento lunches to beer and neckties. They also offer package delivery and bill payment services. “I actually feel safer,” said 53-year-old restaurant owner Isao Otsuka, who was shopping at one of the roughly 150 7-Eleven stores, mainly in Tokyo, that have installed the transparent plastic curtains. 7-Eleven’s owner, Seven & i Holdings, has asked convenience store workers to wear masks, check their temperatures, wash their hands frequently and sterilise surfaces. The new coronavirus spreads from person to person through small droplets from the nose or mouth via coughing or sneezing, according to the World Health Organization. Scientists have also said the virus can remain infectious in droplets in the air for hours and on surfaces for days. Japan had recorded 7,411 cases of infection and 138 deaths from the virus as of Monday, public broadcaster NHK said, with more than 2,000 cases in Tokyo, a sharp rise from late March. Claim: With plastic sheets, Japan's convenience stores target social distancing.

Output: Some of Japan’s ubiquitous convenience stores have taken a novel approach to social distancing by hanging plastic sheets from the ceiling to provide a barrier between customers and staff at the cash register during the coronavirus pandemic.


Input: Consider Input: Paragraph: There was no discussion of the potential cost of the drug. Since the story briefly discusses “a similar drug” it could have at least given the cost of that drug. As it is, cost is unaddressed – a huge vacuum. The benefits are quantified. Women who received Iniparib plus chemotherapy lived an average of 12.3 months while those receiving chemotherapy alone lived an average of 7.7 months. Tumor volume decreased in 50% of the women receiving Iniparib & 33% of women receiving only chemotherapy. While the researcher believed the drug was well-tolerated, the article should have included information about demonstrated side effects, even minor ones. The author also should have noted if the study was powered to detect differences since the study cohort was so small. The evaluation of the evidence was good. The piece included cautionary quotes from the researcher. Quotes from a journal editorial also specified drawbacks of the study. Three of the four drawbacks listed were not explained in the piece. Explanations would have been helpful especially since the piece termed the chemotherapy regimen “commonly used” but one drawback was “the unconventional chemotherapy regimen.” There is no disease mongering. The article does not include information about Dr. O’Shaugnessy’s funding from the drug company for consulting & travel. Observations from other researchers about the study would have provided needed perspective about the results. Alternative treatments are not mentioned but the piece explains that metastatic triple-negative breast cancer is very difficult to treat & that many currently available treatments are not effective. The story notes that the drug is experimental & that the results reported are from a Phase 2 trial. Results from a larger Phase 3 trial of 500 women will be available in 2-3 months. Information about whether the drug has FDA approval or whether it is currently used for treating other diseases would have been helpful. The piece states that Iniparib is from a new class of drugs called PARP inhibitors. It also notes that a similar drug has shown benefits in women with BRCA I or BRCA II mutations. The piece includes information beyond that available in the press release from Sanofi-Aventis. Claim: Experimental Drug Helps Fight Aggressive Breast Cancer: Report


Output: This article reports on a study and accompanying editorial published in The New England Journal of Medicine. The piece details the results of a Phase 2 trial for the experimental cancer drug Iniparib which was developed to treat triple-negative breast cancer. There were appropriate caveats in the body of the story – “we really don’t know if this is going to end up benefitting patients”…”both excitement and caution are appropriate in interpreting the trial”…”some clear drawbacks should be noted.”  Metastasized triple-negative breast cancer is difficult to treat. If the results of this study hold up in already ongoing larger trials, PARP inhibitors may be a new class of drugs that might be more effective than current therapies. The story deserves credit for showing restraint in covering the results of this study. However, it would have been better if the story had included more key details on costs, harms and potential conflicts of interest.