Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Recently, a novel clade Botrytis cinerea group S was found to be common in B. cinerea populations from Germany and New Zealand. Fenhexamid, an effective antibotrytis fungicide, has not been registered in China, but our preliminary study detected fenhexamid-resistant (HydR) isolates from strawberry in Zhejiang Province.', 'Genetic identification of 639 B. cinerea isolates from strawberry found that 331 (62.9%) belonged to B. cinerea group S. The frequency of HydR isolates ranged from 0 to 37.5% among the nine locations. Of the 74 HydR isolates, 71 were B. cinerea group S and moderately resistant to fenhexamid (HydR). Seven new mutations S9G, P57A, P269L, V365A, E368D, E375K and A378T in the target gene erg27 were reported for the first time. Sixty-two (83.8%) HydR isolates simultaneously carried P57A and A378T mutations, and further transformation assays showed that integration of one copy of erg27(P57A) (,) (A378T) into a wild-type strain led to partial resistance. Detached fruit studies showed that fenhexamid at the recommended field rate could control the disease incited by moderately resistant isolates but not by highly resistant isolates.

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
Organ/space surgical site infections (OSIs) constitute an important postoperative metric. We sought to assess the impact of a previously described air leak test (ALT) on the incidence of OSI following major hepatectomies.', 'A single-institution hepatobiliary database was queried for patients who underwent a major hepatectomy without biliary-enteric anastomosis between January 2009 and June 2015. Demographic, clinicopathologic, and intraoperative data-including application of ALT-were analyzed for associations with postoperative outcomes, including OSI, hospital length of stay (LOS), morbidity and mortality rates, and readmission rates.', 'Three hundred eighteen patients were identified who met inclusion criteria, of whom 210 had an ALT. ALT and non-ALT patients did not differ in most disease and treatment characteristics, except for higher rates of trisegmentectomy among ALT patients (53 vs. 34\xa0%, p\u2009=\u20090.002). ALT patients experienced lower rates of OSI and 90-day morbidity than non-ALT patients (5.2 vs. 13.0\xa0%, p\u2009=\u20090.015 and 24.8 vs. 40.7\xa0%, p\u2009=\u20090.003, respectively). In turn, OSI was the strongest independent predictor of longer LOS (OR\u2009=\u20094.89; 95\xa0% CI, 2.80-6.97) and higher rates of 30- (OR\u2009=\u200932.0; 95\xa0% CI, 10.9-93.8) and 45-day readmissions (OR\u2009=\u200929.4; 95\xa0% CI, 10.2-84.6).

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is used to distinguish between two classes of voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC)--TTX sensitive (TTXS) and TTX resistant (TTXR). The resistance of TTXR VGSCs is thought to result from a low binding affinity of TTX, although at high TTX concentrations channel block does occur. Here, we show that, at concentrations below those which produce block, TTX can bind to TTXR VGSCs.', 'Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings were made from dissociated rat dorsal root ganglion neurones that expressed both TTXS and TTXR sodium currents. Voltage-gated calcium currents were blocked by 10 microM extracellular lanthanum chloride. TTXS, but not TTXR, current was suppressed by using a holding potential of -50 mV, and the effect of TTX on the isolated TTXR current was explored.', 'Extracellular application of 0.5 microM TTX produced a 40% increase in TTXR current amplitude, a negative shift in the voltage-dependence of current activation (approximately -8 mV) and inactivation (approximately -10 mV) and increased rates of current activation and inactivation. The effect of TTX on current amplitude was dose-dependent (EC50 = 364 nM). Removal of lanthanum prevented the effect of TTX on TTXR current amplitude, whereas reducing extracellular calcium did not.

Ex Output:

1