instruction:
In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
question:
Purpose: To provide recommendations and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital preparations for an influenza pandemic or mass disaster with a specific focus on protection of patients and staff. Methods: Based on a literature review and expert opinion, a Delphi process was used to define the essential topics including protection of patients and staff. Results: Key recommendations include: (1) prepare infection control and occupational health policies for clinical risks relating to potential disease transmission; (2) decrease clinical risks and provide adequate facilities through advanced planning to maximise capacity by increasing essential equipment, drugs, supplies and encouraging staff availability; (3) create robust systems to maintain staff confidence and safety by minimising non-clinical risks and maintaining or escalating essential services; (4) prepare formal reassurance plans for legal protection; (5) provide assistance to staff working outside their normal domains. Conclusions: Judicious planning and adoption of protocols for protection of patients and staff are necessary to optimise outcomes during a pandemic.
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Chapter 6. Protection of patients and staff during a pandemic


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Ca 2+ is one of the most universal and versatile signaling molecules and is involved in almost every aspect of cellular processes. Viruses are adept at utilizing the universal Ca 2+ signal to create a tailored cellular environment that meets their own demands. This review summarizes most of the known mechanisms by which viruses perturb Ca 2+ homeostasis and utilize Ca 2+ and cellular Ca 2+ -binding proteins to their benefit in their replication cycles. Ca 2+ plays important roles in virion structure formation, virus entry, viral gene expression, posttranslational processing of viral proteins and virion maturation and release. As part of the review, we introduce an algorithm to identify linear "EF-hand" Ca 2+ -binding motifs which resulted in the prediction of a total of 93 previously unrecognized Ca 2+ -binding motifs in virus proteins. Many of these proteins are nonstructural proteins, a class of proteins among which Ca 2+ interactions had not been formerly appreciated. The presence of linear Ca 2+ -binding motifs in viral proteins enlarges the spectrum of Ca 2+ -virus interplay and expands the total scenario of viral calciomics. (J.J. Yang). for structural integrity or functionality; and (3) critical virus-host interactions depend on cellular Ca 2+ -regulated proteins or pathways. This review, which aims to stimulate future studies on the roles of Ca 2+ in virus infection, is focused on such interplay by highlighting recent discoveries in the biological roles of Ca 2+ in virus infection. 0143-4160/$ -see front matter
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Viral calciomics: Interplays between Ca 2+ and virus


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Background: We evaluated tuberculosis (TB) acquisition rate and risk factors among health care workers (HCWs) exposed to index TB patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study on exposed HCWs from August 2016 to January 2018 at a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Demographic factors and TB exposure episodes per HCW were obtained. A modified Poisson regression model was used to identify factors associated with TB infection. Results: A total of 32 TB exposure events occurred during the study period. A total of 881 HCWs with 1,536 exposure episodes were screened with QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube assay (QFT-GIT) at baseline and 8 weeks. A total of 129 (14.6%) HCWs had positive QFT-TB at baseline, whereas 22 (2.5%) HCWs had QFT-GIT conversion, with a latent TB infection (LTBI) rate of 1.14 cases per 100 exposure episodes per year. Foreign nationality, non-Chinese ethnicity, and age above 40 years were independently associated with baseline LTBI, whereas having >2 TB exposure episodes and working in internal medicine, medical subspecialties, and psychiatry wards were associated with QFT-GIT conversion. Discussion: The QFT-GIT conversion rate among screened HCWs is low. Foreign HCWs with LTBI likely came from countries with higher TB transmission. Targeted prevention of repeated TB exposures can reduce QFT-GIT conversion. Conclusions: The study results will guide TB contact tracing protocols in health care institutions.
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A retrospective review of tuberculosis exposure among health care workers in a tertiary hospital