Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: To assess the impact of an audiovisual (AV) biofeedback on intra- and interfraction tumor motion for lung cancer patients.', 'Lung tumor motion was investigated in 9 lung cancer patients who underwent a breathing training session with AV biofeedback before 2 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sessions. The breathing training session was performed to allow patients to become familiar with AV biofeedback, which uses a guiding wave customized for each patient according to a reference breathing pattern. In the first MRI session (pretreatment), 2-dimensional cine-MR images with (1) free breathing (FB) and (2) AV biofeedback were obtained, and the second MRI session was repeated within 3-6 weeks (mid-treatment). Lung tumors were directly measured from cine-MR images using an auto-segmentation technique; the centroid and outlier motions of the lung tumors were measured from the segmented tumors. Free breathing and AV biofeedback were compared using several metrics: intra- and interfraction tumor motion consistency in displacement and period, and the outlier motion ratio.', 'Compared with FB, AV biofeedback improved intrafraction tumor motion consistency by 34% in displacement (P=.019) and by 73% in period (P<.001). Compared with FB, AV biofeedback improved interfraction tumor motion consistency by 42% in displacement (P<.046) and by 74% in period (P=.005). Compared with FB, AV biofeedback reduced the outlier motion ratio by 21% (P<.001).

Answer: 1


Question: Previous studies have shown that giving other foods while breastfeeding increases the risk of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. The mechanism is speculated to be increased inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.', 'In a prospective longitudinal study, we compared fecal calprotectin, a marker of intestinal inflammatory disease, in healthy U.S. infants 0-6 months of age who were exclusively breastfed compared to those given additional liquids or solids.', 'In comparison to infants who were mixed-fed, fecal calprotectin was significantly higher in the exclusively breastfed group (p = 0.01) by a mean of 60 mg/kg (SE = 23).

Answer: 0


Question: 12/15 lipoxygenase (12/15LO) has been implicated as a mediator of inflammation and atherosclerosis. In the current study, we identified mechanisms through which 12/15LO mediates monocyte:endothelial interactions in vivo in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (apoEKO), a well-characterized mouse model of atherosclerosis.', 'In apoEKO mice that are also deficient in 12/15LO (doubleKO), monocyte adhesion to aorta in vivo was reduced by 95% in doubleKO mice compared with apoEKO mice. Inhibition of 12/15LO in apoEKO mice in vivo using CDC (Cinnamyl-3,4-Dihydroxy-a-Cyanocinnamate) prevented monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelium in apoEKO mice. Aortic endothelium of apoEKO mice had significant activation of rhoA compared with doubleKO aortic endothelium. Further, apoEKO aorta displayed significant activation of NF-kappaB. DoubleKO aorta displayed little nuclear localization of NF-kappaB. Finally, we found significant upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on apoEKO aortic endothelium compared with doubleKO endothelium. Inhibition of rhoA and PKCalpha significantly reduced NF-kappaB activation, ICAM-1 induction, and monocyte adhesion to aorta.

Answer:
1