In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``National Park Centennial Act of 
2004''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds:
            (1) The National Park Service was established to conserve 
        the national parks, their scenery, natural and historic 
        objects, and wildlife for the enjoyment, in such manner and by 
        such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of 
        future generations.
            (2) The central purpose of the establishment of our 
        national parks is being challenged by chronic funding 
        shortfalls, which have created annual shortfalls in operational 
        funding that exceed $600,000,000, and have amassed a 
        maintenance backlog estimated by the General Accounting Office 
        at between $4,080,000,000 and $6,800,000,000.
            (3) Without providing the Park Service the resources 
        necessary to operate and maintain our national parks, future 
        generations will receive diminished visitor services, will 
        experience a continually weakening system that is less and less 
        able to fulfill its mission, and will inherit a national park 
        system than has been left to them in worse condition that it 
        was left to their ancestors.
            (4) The annual appropriations process has proved incapable 
        of fully addressing the debilitating funding shortfalls of the 
        national parks, making it necessary to supplement what the 
        appropriations process is able to accomplish.
            (5) It is necessary to ensure that fiscal resources devoted 
        to the national parks are spent wisely and effectively, making 
        strong congressional oversight over annual appropriations 
        extremely important.
            (6) Congress can enhance the resources available for 
        national park operations and ensure adequate oversight over 
        Park Service spending by removing from the appropriations 
        process a series of funding responsibilities that are outside 
        the core operating budgets for the national parks.
    (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to eliminate the annual 
operating deficit and the maintenance backlog in the national parks by 
the centennial anniversary of the National Park System by enabling 
Congress to focus on overseeing and fully funding the core operations 
of the national parks in the annual appropriations process.

                        TITLE I--CENTENNIAL FUND

SEC. 101. CENTENNIAL FUND FOR PRESERVING AMERICA'S NATIONAL PARKS.

    (a) Establishment.--There is established in the Treasury of the 
United States a fund which shall be known as the ``National Park 
Centennial Fund'', hereinafter in this Act referred to as the 
``Centennial Fund''. In each fiscal year beginning in fiscal year 2005, 
the Secretary of the Treasury shall deposit in the Centennial Fund 
amounts set forth in subsection (b) sufficient to fund the programs 
identified in titles II, III, and IV.
    (b) Appropriations.--There are hereby appropriated to the 
Centennial Fund in each fiscal year, the following amounts:
            (1) Amounts equivalent to the amounts designated in the 
        fiscal year concerned under section 6097 of the Internal 
        Revenue Code of 1986.
            (2) Any additional amounts necessary to make the total 
        amounts deposited to the Centennial Fund each fiscal year equal 
        to the total amount listed in section 103.

SEC. 102. DESIGNATION OF OVERPAYMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE BENEFIT 
              OF UNITS OF THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter A of chapter 61 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new part:

   ``PART IX--DESIGNATION OF OVERPAYMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE 
              BENEFIT OF UNITS OF THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM

``Sec. 6097. Designation.

``SEC. 6097. DESIGNATION.

    ``(a) In General.--In the case of an individual, with respect to 
each taxpayer's return for the taxable year of the tax imposed by 
chapter 1, such taxpayer may designate that--
            ``(1) a specified portion (but not less than $1) of any 
        overpayment of tax for such taxable year, and
            ``(2) any cash contribution which the taxpayer includes 
        with such return, shall be used for the benefit of units of the 
        National Park System.
    ``(b) Manner and Time of Designation.--A designation under 
subsection (a) may be made with respect to any taxable year only at the 
time of filing the return of the tax imposed by chapter 1 for such 
taxable year. Such designation shall be made in such manner as the 
Secretary prescribes by regulations except that such designation shall 
be made either on the first page of the return or on the page bearing 
the taxpayer's signature.
    ``(c) Overpayments Treated as Refunded.--For purposes of this 
title, any portion of any overpayment of tax designated under 
subsection (a) shall be treated as being refunded to the taxpayer as of 
the last date prescribed for filing the return of tax imposed by 
chapter 1 (determined without regard to extensions) or, if later, the 
date the return is filed.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of parts for subchapter A of 
chapter 61 of such Code is amended by adding at the end thereof the 
following new item:

   ``Part IX. Designation of overpayments and contributions for the 
            benefit of units of the National Park System''.

    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004.

SEC. 103. PROGRAM ALLOCATION.

    The following amounts shall be deposited in the Centennial Fund 
from amounts designated under section 102 (and from the General Fund of 
the Treasury to the extent the amounts so designated are less than the 
total amounts specified in this section for the fiscal year concerned). 
Such amounts shall, without further appropriation, be available to the 
Secretary of the Interior until expended:
            (1) Fiscal year 2005: $100,000,000.
            (2) Fiscal year 2006: $125,000,000.
            (3) Fiscal year 2007: $150,000,000.
            (4) Fiscal year 2008: $175,000,000.
            (5) Such sums as may be necessary through fiscal year 2016.

SEC. 104. DISTRIBUTION OF FUND.

    There are hereby created within the Centennial Fund 3 accounts, 
designated for the following purposes:
            (1) National Park Backlog Elimination Fund (60 percent).
            (2) Natural Resource Challenge Fund (20 percent).
            (3) Cultural Resource Challenge Fund (20 percent).

SEC. 105. PATRIOTS FOR PARKS PROMOTION.

    There are hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of 
the Interior such sums as necessary for a public awareness campaign 
about the existence of the National Park Centennial Fund created in 
section 101 and the ability of taxpayers to contribute to it through 
the tax checkoff created in section 6097 of the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1986.

      TITLE II--ELIMINATING THE NATIONAL PARK MAINTENANCE BACKLOG

SEC. 201. BACKLOG ELIMINATION.

    (a) In General.--Sixty percent of the funds deposited into the 
Centennial Fund shall be used to eliminate the backlog of unmet needs 
in the National Parks, as identified in the Facility Condition Index 
(hereinafter in this Act referred to as the ``FCI'') of the National 
Park Service.
    (b) Priorities.--(1) The Secretary of the Interior shall prepare, 
as part of the annual budget proposal, a priority list for projects to 
be funded under this section. Moneys shall be made available from the 
fund, without further appropriation, effective October 15 of each 
calendar year, for the projects identified on the priority list, unless 
prior to such date, legislation is enacted establishing a different 
priority list.
    (2) In preparing the list of projects to be funded under this 
section, the Secretary of the Interior shall give priority to projects 
that--
            (A) are identified in the park unit's general management 
        plan;
            (B) are listed in the FCI;
            (C) are identified by the Secretary of the Interior as 
        necessary to prevent immediate damage to the park unit's 
        natural, cultural, or historic resources, with priority given 
        to projects with the most significant benefit to conservation 
        of resources or visitor education; and
            (D) are identified as necessary to promote public health 
        and safety.
    (c) Overhead.--National Parks undertaking projects under this 
section may allocate up to 8 percent of the funds for such projects for 
oversight of such projects and other associated overhead 
responsibilities.

                 TITLE III--PROTECTING NATURAL WONDERS

SEC. 301. NATURAL RESOURCE CHALLENGE.

    (a) Natural Resource Protection.--Twenty percent of the funds 
deposited into the Centennial Fund shall be used to protect natural 
resources within the parks.
    (b) Project Description.--The Secretary of the Interior shall 
prepare, as part of the annual budget proposal, a description of 
projects to be funded under this section. Moneys shall be made 
available from the Centennial Fund, without further appropriation, 
effective October 15 of each calendar year for activities that include 
each of the following:
            (1) Natural resource inventories.
            (2) Monitoring efforts including air and water quality 
        monitoring.
            (3) Protection of native and endangered species and their 
        habitats.
            (4) Control of nonnative species.
            (5) Resource planning.
            (6) Increase collaboration with scientists.
            (7) Authorized environmental restoration projects.
            (8) Use of parks for learning.
            (9) Establishment of partnerships with nonpark entities for 
        the purpose of leveraging Federal funds allocated to natural 
        resource protection.

                TITLE IV--PROTECTING NATIONAL TREASURES

SEC. 401. CULTURAL RESOURCE CHALLENGE.

    (a) Cultural Resources.--Twenty percent of the funds deposited into 
the Centennial Fund shall be used to protect cultural resources within 
the national parks.
    (b) Project Description.--The Secretary of the Interior shall 
prepare, as part of the annual budget proposal, a description of 
projects to be funded under this section. Moneys shall be made 
available from the fund, without further appropriation, effective 
October 15 of each calendar year for activities that include each of 
the following:
            (1) Cultural or historic resources not listed on the FCI.
            (2) Documenting and preserving archaeological sites.
            (3) Preserving collections and archives.
            (4) Ethnographic activities.
            (5) Evaluating and protecting cultural landscapes.
            (6) Establishment of partnerships with non-park entities 
        for the purpose of leveraging Federal funds allocated to 
        cultural resource protection.

                TITLE V--MEETING ANNUAL OPERATING NEEDS

SEC. 501. PROGRESS ON ANNUAL APPROPRIATIONS.

    (a) GAO Report.--The General Accounting Office annually shall 
submit to the Committee on Appropriations, Committee on Government 
Reform, and Committee on Resources of the United States House of 
Representatives and to the Committee on Appropriations, Committee on 
Government Affairs, and Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of 
the United States Senate a report that describes each of the following:
            (1) The progress of Congress in eliminating the annual 
        operating fund deficit in the National Park System, defined as 
        in excess of $600,000,000 based on a fiscal year 2002 estimate 
        of then-complete national park business plans, and projection 
        of when such deficit will be eliminated, based on funding 
        levels and trends.
            (2) A comparison of business plan estimates of national 
        park needs versus actual funds appropriated to such parks.
            (3) Any differences in the Park Service's business plan 
        methodology for the estimate in paragraph (2) of this 
        subsection compared to that used in fiscal year 2003.
            (4) Management improvement measures undertaken by 
        individual park units and by the National Park Service as a 
        whole, including actual realized savings and actual impact on 
        visitor services and resource protection.
            (5) Adjustments in, and the total number of, full-time 
        equivalent and actual positions dedicated to resource 
        protection, visitor services, interpretation, and other 
        employment categories.
            (6) Any adjustments made in service to the public, 
        including but not limited to adjustments to visitor center 
        hours and the number or quality of ranger-led tours.
            (7) Any changes in the Park Service's level of effort due 
        to partnership or other leveraged activities.
            (8) Any new requirements and assessments placed on the 
        parks for unbudgeted expenses, including, but not limited to, 
        homeland security, natural disasters, and employee cost-of-
        living adjustments.
            (9) An assessment of the accuracy and completeness of the 
        Facility Condition Index described in Title I of this Act, 
        including adjustments made to such Index on an annual basis.
    (b) Business Plan Implementation Pilot (Demonstration) Program.--In 
consultation with the Director of the National Park Service, at least 
60 percent of the amounts provided under Titles II, III, and IV shall 
be distributed to national parks that have completed comprehensive 
business plans under the Business Plan Initiative of the National Park 
Service.
    (c) Education and the National Parks.--The Secretary of Education 
is hereby authorized to provide grants to elementary and secondary 
schools to enter into cooperative agreements with the National Park 
Service for the purpose of distance learning and onsite education 
programs for the following purposes:
            (1) Connecting students to the history of our Nation 
        through the national parks.
            (2) Using the parks to facilitate scientific instruction.
    (d) Intent of Congress to Supplement Annual Appropriations for 
National Park Service.--Amounts made available by this Act are intended 
by the Congress to supplement, and not detract from, annual 
appropriations for the National Park Service.

Answer: National Park Centennial Act of 2004 - Establishes the National Park Centennial Fund (Fund) in the Treasury.

Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow individual taxpayers to designate overpayments and contributions for the benefit of the National Park System. Allocates such amounts to the Fund (along with necessary amounts from the General Fund to the extent that such amounts are inadequate in any fiscal year) for expenditure by the Secretary of the Interior.

Creates within the Fund the National Park Backlog Elimination Fund, the Natural Resource Challenge Fund, and the Cultural Resource Challenge Fund.

Authorizes appropriations for a public awareness campaign about the Fund and the ability of taxpayers to make tax-related contributions.

Requires a specified percentage of Fund deposits to be used: (1) for the elimination of the backlog of unmet needs in the national parks as identified in the Facility Condition Index of the National Park Service (NPS); (2) to protect natural resources within the parks; and (3) to protect cultural resources within the parks. Requires a majority of such percentages to be distributed to those national parks that have completed comprehensive business plans under the Business Plan Initiative of the NPS.

Directs the Government Accountability Office annually to submit a report on the National Park System to specified congressional committees.

Authorizes the Secretary of Education to provide grants to elementary and secondary schools for cooperative agreements with the NPS providing distance learning and onsite education programs.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``John R. Justice Prosecutors and 
Defenders Incentive Act of 2007''.

SEC. 2. LOAN REPAYMENT FOR PROSECUTORS AND DEFENDERS.

    Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 
(42 U.S.C. 3711 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

     ``PART JJ--LOAN REPAYMENT FOR PROSECUTORS AND PUBLIC DEFENDERS

``SEC. 3111. GRANT AUTHORIZATION.

    ``(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to encourage 
qualified individuals to enter and continue employment as prosecutors 
and public defenders.
    ``(b) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Prosecutor.--The term `prosecutor' means a full-time 
        employee of a State or local agency who--
                    ``(A) is continually licensed to practice law; and
                    ``(B) prosecutes criminal cases at the State or 
                local level.
            ``(2) Public defender.--The term `public defender' means an 
        attorney who--
                    ``(A) is continually licensed to practice law; and
                    ``(B) is--
                            ``(i) a full-time employee of a State or 
                        local agency or a nonprofit organization 
                        operating under a contract with a State or unit 
                        of local government, that provides legal 
                        representation to indigent persons in criminal 
                        cases; or
                            ``(ii) employed as a full-time Federal 
                        defender attorney in a defender organization 
                        established pursuant to subsection (g) of 
                        section 3006A of title 18, United States Code, 
                        that provides legal representation to indigent 
                        persons in criminal cases.
            ``(3) Student loan.--The term `student loan' means--
                    ``(A) a loan made, insured, or guaranteed under 
                part B of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 
                (20 U.S.C. 1071 et seq.), excluding a loan under 
                section 428C of such Act, except as provided under 
                subparagraph (C);
                    ``(B) a loan made under part D or E of title IV of 
                the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087a et 
                seq. and 1087aa et seq.), excluding a loan under 
                section 455(g) of such Act, except as provided under 
                subparagraph (C); and
                    ``(C) a loan made under section 428C or 455(g) of 
                the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1078-3 and 
                1087e(g)) to the extent that such loan was used to 
                repay a Federal Direct Stafford Loan, a Federal Direct 
                Unsubsidized Stafford Loan, or a loan made under 
                section 428 or 428H of such Act.
    ``(c) Program Authorized.--The Attorney General shall establish a 
program by which the Department of Justice shall assume the obligation 
to repay a student loan, by direct payments on behalf of a borrower to 
the holder of such loan, in accordance with subsection (d), for any 
borrower who--
            ``(1) is employed as a prosecutor or public defender; and
            ``(2) is not in default on a loan for which the borrower 
        seeks forgiveness.
    ``(d) Terms of Agreement.--
            ``(1) In general.--To be eligible to receive repayment 
        benefits under subsection (c), a borrower shall enter into a 
        written agreement that specifies that--
                    ``(A) the borrower will remain employed as a 
                prosecutor or public defender for a required period of 
                service of not less than 3 years, unless involuntarily 
                separated from that employment;
                    ``(B) if the borrower is involuntarily separated 
                from employment on account of misconduct, or 
                voluntarily separates from employment, before the end 
                of the period specified in the agreement, the borrower 
                will repay the Attorney General the amount of any 
                benefits received by such employee under this section;
                    ``(C) if the borrower is required to repay an 
                amount to the Attorney General under subparagraph (B) 
                and fails to repay such amount, a sum equal to that 
                amount shall be recoverable by the Federal Government 
                from the borrower (or such borrower's estate, if 
                applicable) by such methods as are provided by law for 
                the recovery of amounts owed to the Federal Government;
                    ``(D) the Attorney General may waive, in whole or 
                in part, a right of recovery under this subsection if 
                it is shown that recovery would be against equity and 
                good conscience or against the public interest; and
                    ``(E) the Attorney General shall make student loan 
                payments under this section for the period of the 
                agreement, subject to the availability of 
                appropriations.
            ``(2) Repayments.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Any amount repaid by, or 
                recovered from, a borrower or the estate of a borrower 
                under this subsection shall be credited to the 
                appropriation account from which the amount involved 
                was originally paid.
                    ``(B) Merger.--Any amount credited under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be merged with other sums in 
                such account and shall be available for the same 
                purposes and period, and subject to the same 
                limitations, if any, as the sums with which the amount 
                was merged.
            ``(3) Limitations.--
                    ``(A) Student loan payment amount.--Student loan 
                repayments made by the Attorney General under this 
                section shall be made subject to such terms, 
                limitations, or conditions as may be mutually agreed 
                upon by the borrower and the Attorney General in an 
                agreement under paragraph (1), except that the amount 
                paid by the Attorney General under this section shall 
                not exceed--
                            ``(i) $10,000 for any borrower in any 
                        calendar year; or
                            ``(ii) an aggregate total of $60,000 in the 
                        case of any borrower.
                    ``(B) Beginning of payments.--Nothing in this 
                section shall authorize the Attorney General to pay any 
                amount to reimburse a borrower for any repayments made 
                by such borrower prior to the date on which the 
                Attorney General entered into an agreement with the 
                borrower under this subsection.
    ``(e) Additional Agreements.--
            ``(1) In general.--On completion of the required period of 
        service under an agreement under subsection (d), the borrower 
        and the Attorney General may, subject to paragraph (2), enter 
        into an additional agreement in accordance with subsection (d).
            ``(2) Term.--An agreement entered into under paragraph (1) 
        may require the borrower to remain employed as a prosecutor or 
        public defender for less than 3 years.
    ``(f) Award Basis; Priority.--
            ``(1) Award basis.--Subject to paragraph (2), the Attorney 
        General shall provide repayment benefits under this section on 
        a first-come, first-served basis, and subject to the 
        availability of appropriations.
            ``(2) Priority.--The Attorney General shall give priority 
        in providing repayment benefits under this section in any 
        fiscal year to a borrower who--
                    ``(A) received repayment benefits under this 
                section during the preceding fiscal year; and
                    ``(B) has completed less than 3 years of the first 
                required period of service specified for the borrower 
                in an agreement entered into under subsection (d).
    ``(g) Regulations.--The Attorney General is authorized to issue 
such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of 
this section.
    ``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2008 
and such sums as may be necessary for each succeeding fiscal year.''.

Answer: John R. Justice Prosecutors and Defenders Incentive Act of 2007- Amends the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 to direct the Attorney General to assume the obligation to repay student loans for borrowers who agree to remain employed, for at least three years, as: (1) state or local criminal prosecutors; or (2) state, local, or federal public defenders in criminal cases. Allows a borrower and the Attorney General to enter into an additional loan repayment agreement, after the required three-year period, for a successive period of service which may be less than three years. Limits the amount paid under such program on behalf of any borrower to $10,000 per calendar year and $60,000 total.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``High-Need Physician Workforce 
Incentives Act of 2007''.

SEC. 2. HIGH-NEED PHYSICIAN SPECIALTY WORKFORCE INCENTIVES.

    Page E of title VII of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
294n et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

    ``Subpart 3--High-Need Physician Specialty Workforce Incentives

``SEC. 775. SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to alleviate 
critical shortages of physicians in the fields of family practice, 
internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency medicine, general surgery, and 
obstetrics-gynecology.
    ``(b) Grants.--The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of 
the Health Resources and Services Administration, shall make grants to 
critical shortage health facilities to carry out a scholarship program 
described in this section.
    ``(c) Scholarships.--A health facility receiving a grant under this 
section shall use the grant to enter into contracts with eligible 
individuals under which--
            ``(1) the facility agrees to provide the individual with a 
        scholarship for each school year (not to exceed 4 school years) 
        in which the individual is enrolled as a full-time student in a 
        school of medicine or a school of osteopathic medicine; and
            ``(2) the individual agrees--
                    ``(A) to maintain an acceptable level of academic 
                standing;
                    ``(B) to complete a residency in the field of 
                family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, 
                emergency medicine, general surgery, or obstetrics-
                gynecology; and
                    ``(C) after completing the residency, to serve as a 
                physician at such facility in such field for a time 
                period equal to the greater of--
                            ``(i) one year for each school year for 
                        which the individual was provided a scholarship 
                        under this section; or
                            ``(ii) two years.
    ``(d) Amount of Scholarship.--
            ``(1) In general.--The amount paid by a health facility to 
        an individual through a scholarship under this section shall 
        not exceed $30,000 for any school year.
            ``(2) Considerations.--In determining the amount of a 
        scholarship to be provided to an individual under this section, 
        a health facility may take into consideration the individual's 
        financial need, geographic differences, and educational costs.
            ``(3) Exclusion from gross income.--For purposes of the 
        Internal Revenue Code of 1986, gross income shall not include 
        any amount received as a scholarship under this section.
    ``(e) Application of Certain Provisions.--The provisions of subpart 
III of part D of title III shall, except as inconsistent with this 
section, apply to the program established under this section in the 
same manner and to the same extent as such provisions apply to the 
National Health Service Corps Scholarship Program established in such 
subpart.
    ``(f) Definitions.--In this subsection:
            ``(1) The term `critical shortage health facility' means a 
        public or private nonprofit health facility that does not serve 
        a health professional shortage area (as such term is defined in 
        section 332), but has a critical shortage of physicians (as 
        determined by the Secretary) in the field of family practice, 
        internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency medicine, general 
        surgery, or obstetrics-gynecology.
            ``(2) The term `eligible individual' means an individual 
        who is enrolled or accepted for enrollment as a full-time 
        student in an accredited school of medicine or school of 
        osteopathic medicine.
    ``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out this section, 
there is authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2008 through 2012.

``SEC. 776. LOAN REPAYMENT PROGRAM.

    ``(a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to alleviate 
critical shortages of physicians in the fields of family practice, 
internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency medicine, general surgery, and 
obstetrics-gynecology.
    ``(b) Loans.--The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of 
the Health Resources and Services Administration, shall establish a 
program of entering into contracts with eligible individuals under 
which--
            ``(1) the individual agrees to serve--
                    ``(A) as a physician in the field of family 
                practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency 
                medicine, general surgery, or obstetrics-gynecology; 
                and
                    ``(B) in an area that is not a health professional 
                shortage area (as such term is defined in section 332), 
                but has a critical shortage of physicians (as 
                determined by the Secretary) in such field; and
            ``(2) the Secretary agrees to pay, for each year of such 
        service, not more than $35,000 of the principal and interest of 
        the undergraduate or graduate educational loans of the 
        individual.
    ``(c) Service Requirement.--A contract entered into under this 
section shall allow the individual receiving the loan repayment to 
satisfy the service requirement described in subsection (b)(1) through 
employment in a solo or group practice, a clinic, a public or private 
nonprofit hospital, or any other appropriate health care entity.
    ``(d) Application of Certain Provisions.--The provisions of subpart 
III of part D of title III shall, except as inconsistent with this 
section, apply to the program established in this section to the same 
extent and in the same manner as such provisions apply to the National 
Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program established in such 
subpart.
    ``(e) Definition.--In this section, the term `eligible individual' 
means an individual with a degree in medicine or osteopathic medicine.
    ``(f) Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out this section, 
there is authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2008 through 2012.

``SEC. 777. PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN RETENTION AND MEDICAL HOME 
              ENHANCEMENT GRANTS.

    ``(a) Grants.--The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of 
the Health Resources and Services Administration, shall make grants to 
States to provide care management fees to physicians in medically 
underserved communities to support the provision of targeted, 
accessible, continuous, coordinated, and patient-centered care through 
a qualified medical home.
    ``(b) Qualified Medical Homes.--
            ``(1) In general.--In this section, the term `qualified 
        medical home' means a physician-directed practice that is 
        certified as a qualified medical home in accordance with this 
        subsection.
            ``(2) Actions by secretary.--Not later than 90 days after 
        the date of the enactment of this subpart, the Secretary 
        shall--
                    ``(A) designate one or more objective external 
                private-sector entities to certify physician-directed 
                practices as qualified medical homes; and
                    ``(B) issue requirements for such certification.
            ``(3) Requirements.--The requirements referred to in 
        paragraph (2)(B) shall set forth a certification process 
        whereby--
                    ``(A) a physician-directed practice, in 
                consultation with the State where the practice is 
                located, submits an application on a voluntary basis to 
                an entity designated by the Secretary under paragraph 
                (2)(A); and
                    ``(B) the entity certifies the practice as a 
                qualified medical home if the practice demonstrates 
                that the practice has capabilities to achieve 
                improvements in the management and coordination of care 
                of patients described in paragraph (4) by incorporating 
                attributes of the care management model described in 
                paragraph (5).
            ``(4) Eligible patients.--The patients referred to in 
        paragraph (3)(B)--
                    ``(A) are patients determined by the State involved 
                under criteria developed by the Secretary to be 
                underserved, special needs, or high risk patients; and
                    ``(B) shall include individuals who--
                            ``(i) are eligible for medical assistance 
                        under title XIX of the Social Security Act;
                            ``(ii) are eligible for child health 
                        assistance under title XXI of the Social 
                        Security Act; or
                            ``(iii) otherwise lack health insurance.
            ``(5) Care management model.--The care management model 
        referred to in paragraph (3)(B) is a model that uses health 
        information technology and other physician-practice innovations 
        to improve the management and coordination of patient care. 
        Such a model includes the following conditions:
                    ``(A) Physicians advocate for their patients to 
                support the attainment of optimal, patient-centered 
                outcomes that are defined by a care planning process 
                driven by a partnership between physicians, patients, 
                and the patient's family.
                    ``(B) Evidence-based medicine and clinical 
                decision-support tools guide decision making.
                    ``(C) Physicians in the practice accept 
                accountability for continuous quality improvement 
                through voluntary engagement in performance measurement 
                and improvement.
                    ``(D) Patients actively participate in 
                decisionmaking; patients take personal responsibility 
                for their own health through diet and lifestyle 
                changes; and feedback is sought to ensure that 
                patients' expectations are being met.
                    ``(E) Information technology is utilized 
                appropriately to support optimal patient care, 
                performance measurement, patient education, and 
                enhanced communication.
                    ``(F) Patients and families participate in quality 
                improvement activities at the practice level.
    ``(c) Amount of Care Management Fee.--
            ``(1) In general.--As a condition on the receipt of a grant 
        under this section, a State shall agree to determine the amount 
        of each care management fee provided through the grant in 
        accordance with the guidance issued by the Secretary under 
        paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Guidance.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue guidance 
        for determining the amount of a care management fee to be 
        provided through a grant under this section. Such guidance 
        shall take into account the costs of implementation, additional 
        time by participating physicians, and training associated with 
        compliance with this section. Such guidance shall include--
                    ``(A) recognition of the value of physician and 
                clinical staff work associated with patient care that 
                falls outside the face-to-face visit, such as the time 
                and effort spent on educating family caregivers and 
                arranging appropriate follow-up services with other 
                health care professionals, such as nurse educators;
                    ``(B) recognition of expenses that the qualified 
                medical home will incur to acquire and utilize health 
                information technology, such as clinical decision 
                support tools, patient registries, and electronic 
                medical records;
                    ``(C) additional performance-based reimbursement 
                payments based on reporting on evidence-based quality, 
                cost of care, and patient experience measures;
                    ``(D) reimbursement for separately identifiable e-
                mail and telephonic consultations, either as 
                separately-billable services or as part of a global 
                management fee;
                    ``(E) recognition of the specific circumstances and 
                expenses associated with physician practices of fewer 
                that 5 full-time employees in implementing the 
                attributes of a qualified medical home and care 
                management model described in subsection (b); and
                    ``(F) recognition and sharing of savings that may 
                result from a qualified medical home.
    ``(d) Application.--A State seeking a grant under this section 
shall submit an application to the Secretary at such time, in such 
manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require. 
Each such application shall describe the methodologies to be used by 
the State to determine the amount of care managements fees to be 
provided through the grant.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out this section, 
there is authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2008 through 2012.

``SEC. 778. COMPREHENSIVE GERIATRIC TRAINING GRANTS.

    ``(a) Grants.--The Secretary, acting through the Administrator of 
the Health Resources and Services Administration, shall make grants to 
board-certified entities to establish or expand geriatric fellowship 
programs described in subsection (b).
    ``(b) Geriatric Fellowship Programs.--A geriatric fellowship 
program funded through a grant under this section shall provide 1-year 
fellowships to train physicians practicing in rural areas or in the 
field of family practice, internal medicine, emergency medicine, 
general surgery, or obstetrics-gynecology, at any time during their 
careers, in geriatric medicine.
    ``(c) Amount.--As a condition on the receipt of a grant under this 
section, an entity shall agree to expend not more than $50,000 of the 
grant per fellow.
    ``(d) Preference.--In awarding grants under this section, the 
Secretary shall give preference to entities seeking to establish or 
expand a fellowship program in a rural area, a suburban area, or a 
medically underserved community.
    ``(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out this section, 
there is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2008 through 2012.

``SEC. 779. REPORTS TO CONGRESS.

    ``Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the 
High-Need Physician Workforce Incentives Act of 2007, and annually 
thereafter, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Congress--
            ``(1) identifying the number of grants and loans made under 
        this section during the preceding 12-month period; and
            ``(2) describing the results achieved through such grants 
        and loans, including the extent to which such grants and loans 
        met the needs of the physician workforce in rural areas and in 
        the fields of family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, 
        emergency medicine, general surgery, and obstetrics-
        gynecology.''.

SEC. 3. EXEMPTION FROM GROSS INCOME FOR CERTAIN COMPENSATION PAID TO 
              PHYSICIANS BY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS FOR SERVICE IN MEDICALLY 
              UNDERSERVED AREAS.

    (a) In General.--Part III of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to items specifically excluded 
from gross income) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
section:

``SEC. 139B. CERTAIN COMPENSATION PAID TO PHYSICIANS BY LOCAL 
              GOVERNMENTS FOR SERVICE IN MEDICALLY UNDERSERVED AREAS.

    ``(a) In General.--Gross income does not include compensation 
received by a physician (as defined in section 1861(r) of the Social 
Security Act) from a local government (as defined in section 
1393(a)(5)) for qualified medical service.
    ``(b) Qualified Medical Service.--For purposes of this section, the 
term `qualified medical service' means medical care described in 
section 213(d)(1)(A) which is performed--
            ``(1) in a medically underserved community (as defined in 
        section 799B(6) of the Public Health Service Act), and
            ``(2) under a contract with the local government referred 
        to in subsection (a) for the performance of such services for a 
        period of not less than 4 years.
    ``(c) No Exemption From Employment Taxes.--Compensation shall not 
fail to be taken into account as wages under any provision of subtitle 
C solely because such compensation is excluded from gross income under 
this section.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for part III of 
subchapter B of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by inserting after 
the item relating to section 139A the following new item:

``Sec. 139B. Certain compensation paid to physicians by local 
                            governments for service in medically 
                            underserved areas.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

Answer:
High-Need Physician Workforce Incentives Act of 2007 - Amends the Public Health Service Act to require the Secretary of Health and Human Services, acting through the Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration, to make grants to critical shortage health facilities for scholarships to individuals agreeing to serve as a physician at such facility after completing residency in the fields of family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, emergency medicine, general surgery, or obstetrics-gynecology. Excludes such scholarship funds from an individual's gross income.

Requires the Secretary, acting through the Administrator, to: (1) establish a loan repayment program for individuals agreeing to serve as physicians in specified fields in areas that are not health professional shortage areas, but that have a critical shortage of physicians in such field; (2) make grants to states to provide care management fees to physicians in medically underserved communities to support the provision of targeted, accessible, continuous, coordinated, and patient-centered care through a qualified medical home; and (3) make grants to board-certified entities to establish or expand geriatric fellowship programs to train physicians practicing in rural areas or in specified fields in geriatric medicine.

Amends the Internal Revenue Code to exclude from an individual's gross income compensation received by a physician from a local government for medical care performed: (1) in a medically underserved community; and (2) under a contract with the local government for a period of not less than four years.