In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.

Question: Which war occured first, the Seven Years' war or the Napoleonic Wars? Passage 1:France–United Kingdom relations are the relations between the governments of the French Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK). The historical ties between France and the UK, and the countries preceding them, are long and complex, including conquest, wars, and alliances at various points in history. The Roman era saw both areas, except northern England and Scotland, conquered by Rome, whose fortifications exist in both countries to this day, and whose writing system introduced a common alphabet to both areas; however, the language barrier remained. The Norman conquest of England in 1066 decisively shaped English history, as well as the English language. In the medieval period, the countries were often bitter enemies, with both nations' monarchs claiming control over France. Some of the noteworthy conflicts include the Hundred Years' War and the French Revolutionary Wars which were French victories, and the Seven Years' War, Second Hundred Years’ War and Napoleonic Wars, from which Britain emerged victorious.
 Passage 2:It wasn't until the early 1970s when Cook won a prize in an important singing competition in Chicago, that she drew the attentiont of the opera world. She made her international opera debut in 1971 singing Zerbinetta in Richard Strauss's Ariadne auf Naxos touring with the Glyndebourne Festival Opera. In 1972 she joined the roster at the Theater Bremen as one of their principal sopranos, where she remained until 1975 and continued to perform as a guest until 1980. She appeared there and in other German opera houses in roles such as Adina in Donizetti's L'elisir d'amore, Constanze in Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail, Despina in his Così fan tutte, the title role in Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor, Olympia in Offenbach's Les contes d'Hoffmann, Philine in Mignon by Ambroise Thomas, the Queen in Die Verurteilung des Lukullus, the Queen of the Night in Mozart's Die Zauberflöte, and Zerbinetta.
 Passage 3:Lieutenant-General Sir William Henry Goldney Baker (7 December 1888 – 28 December 1964) was a British officer who served in the British Indian Army. Commissioned into the Indian Army in 1910 he served in France during the First World War with the 34th Poona Horse and later the Cheshire Regiment, of which he was temporary commander of the 1st battalion. Bakerwas mentioned in dispatches three times and awarded the Distinguished Service Order. In 1918 he fought the Marris in India with the 31st Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers. Baker held a series of staff officer positions after the war before being promoted to lieutenant-colonel and receiving command of Probyn's Horse in 1935. He was promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier and commanded troops in action in Waziristan in 1936 and 1937, being again mentioned in dispatches. During the Second World War Baker was an aide-de-camp to King George VI and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general.

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Question: Where was the prime minister who survived a vote of confidence after the 1906 election born? Passage 1:Heftye served one term in Kristiania city council, from 1907 to 1910. On 19 March 1908, when the Knudsen's First Cabinet assumed office, he was appointed for his second term as Minister of Defence. He resigned already on 10 April the same year, because Prime Minister Gunnar Knudsen refused to seek a vote of confidence in Parliament, a form of investiture. This was a problematic question at that time, as Norway had made important steps towards parliamentarism, but not formalized the process with change of government. Former Prime Minister Christian Michelsen had asked for a vote of confidence following the 1906 general election, and survived. When he retired from politics in 1907 due to illness, Jørgen Løvland took over, but he was felled in 1908. In early 1908, the Liberal Party had evicted 24 legislators who supported Christian Michelsen and the endeavors of the Coalition Party (later leading to the creation of the Liberal Left Party), and hence, when Knudsen took over, he had no way of achieving a parliamentary majority. In that situation he could not expect to survive a vote of confidence. It has been said that parliamentarism works best in a two-party system, which Norway did not have at that time, and has never had since, although the Coalition Party tried to implement it. On the other hand, Knudsen and his cabinet resigned following the 1909 general election, which the Liberal Party lost. Such an action is not required by law, but if not carried through, the cabinet would most likely face a vote of no confidence.
 Passage 2:Baker grew up in Shreveport, Louisiana, and attended Oklahoma State University. He was drafted by the Twins in the second round of the 2003 amateur entry draft and reached the major leagues in 2005. In 2006, he made their starting rotation out of Spring training but struggled and was sent to the minor leagues for most of the rest of the season. Beginning 2007 in the minors, he was called up in May and nearly threw a perfect game on August 31. He went 11–4 in 2008 and posted a 3.45 earned run average (ERA). In 2009, Baker logged a career-high 200 innings and started the American League (AL) tiebreaker game against the Detroit Tigers which the Twins won to advance to the postseason. He had a 12–9 record in 2010 but battled injuries towards the end of the year and was left out of the Twins' postseason rotation. Injuries limited Baker in 2011 again, but he was the only Twins' pitcher to post a winning record. He missed 2012 after undergoing Tommy John surgery; this also caused him to miss most of 2013, which he spent with the Chicago Cubs. He began 2014 in the minor leagues but was later added to the Texas Rangers' roster.
 Passage 3:The tubercle effect is a phenomenon where tubercles or large 'bumps' on the leading edge of an airfoil can improve its aerodynamics. The effect, while already discovered, was analyzed extensively by Frank E. Fish et al in the early 2000 onwards. The tubercle effect works by channeling flow over the airfoil into more narrow streams, creating higher velocities. Another side effect of these channels is the reduction of flow moving over the wingtip and resulting in less parasitic drag due to wingtip vortices. Using computational modeling, it was determined that the presence of tubercles produces a delay in the angle of attack until stall, thereby increasing maximum lift and decreasing drag. Fish first discovered this effect when looking at the fins of humpback whales. These whales are the only known organisms to take advantage of the tubercle effect. It is believed that this effect allows them to be much more maneuverable in the water, allowing for easier capture of prey. The tubercles on their fins allow them to do aquatic maneuvers to catch their prey.

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Question: Which of the tv channels that shown "Made Up Stories" had been in operation the longest? Passage 1:By August 1940 the Battle of Britain was intensifying. Most of the battles thus far were in daylight, leaving night-fighter crews frustrated. Now based at RAF Digby in Lincolnshire and operating from the satellite airfield at Wellingore the unit formed part of No. 12 Group RAF defending British air space north of London. On the night of 24 August 1940 Braham took off and patrolled the Humberside area. The Blenheim was piloted by Braham, and contained air gunner Sergeant Wilsdon and aircraftman and trained radar operator N. Jacobson. Braham was directed to an aircraft held in searchlights but he closed too fast and overshot. His gunner succeeded in damaging the aircraft sufficiently and a searchlight crew saw it crash into the sea. It was identified as a Heinkel He 111. Braham's only other interaction with the enemy occurred at Ternhill, when a Junkers Ju 88 dropped bombs on the airfield destroying 13 Avro Ansons and damaged 20 more. Braham survived the attack uninjured.
 Passage 2:Formed in 2006, Go:Audio signed to Epic Records in May 2007. Their promotional single, Woodchuck, was released to many radio and music television stations in late January the following year to promote the 4-track Woodchuck EP. It received heavy rotation, most notably from Kerrang! 105.2 which helped make the accompanying music video one of the most played on YouTube in the United Kingdom that month. The band's first official single, "Made Up Stories" was released on 26 May 2008 and the video, in which a hand-picked group of fans participated, was frequently shown on Kerrang!, Scuzz and Fizz TV (now known as Starz TV). Following the single's release the band announce via their MySpace page that their debut album would carry the same title. Recording for the album took place in Sussex, England and was completed by early June 2008 for a 25 August release. The album was leaked in late June 2008, and a decision was made to delay the release date until 19 January 2009. The second single from Made Up Stories was "She Left Me", released on August 11, the first day of their UK headline tour. The band debuted an acoustic version of the track on 6 August on Rocklouder.co.uk. "She Left Me" just missed on reaching the UK Top 40, peaking at No. 41.
 Passage 3:As Chancellor Kohl was strongly committed to European integration and French–German cooperation in particular; he was also a steadfast ally of the United States and supported Reagan's more aggressive policies in order to weaken the Soviet Union. Kohl's 16-year tenure was the longest of any German Chancellor since Otto von Bismarck. He oversaw the end of the Cold War and the German reunification, for which he is generally known as Chancellor of Unity. Together with French President François Mitterrand, Kohl was the architect of the Maastricht Treaty, which established the European Union (EU) and the euro currency. Kohl was also a central figure in the eastern enlargement of the European Union, and his government led the effort to push for international recognition of Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina when the states declared independence. He played an instrumental role in solving the Bosnian War. Domestically, Kohl's policies focused on economic reforms and later also on the process of integrating the former East Germany into the reunited Germany, and he moved the federal capital from the "provisional capital" Bonn back to Berlin, although he himself never resided there because the government offices were only relocated in 1999. Kohl also greatly increased federal spending on arts and culture. After his chancellorship, Kohl's reputation suffered domestically because of his role in the CDU donations scandal and he had to resign from his honorary chairmanship of the CDU after little more than a year in January 2000, but he was partly rehabilitated in later years. The later Chancellor Angela Merkel started her political career as Kohl's protegée.


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