In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[EX Q]: By averaging this quantity, the reduction of a certain intermolecular function to an angle-independent form for polar fluids can be performed in order to express conformal-solution theory. For liquid metals, the upper bound of this quantity can be obtained by the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality. It is equal to the negative product of Boltzmann's constant, temperature, and the natural log of the partition function. The change in this quantity is equal to the maximum work accompanying a process, and it is defined as internal energy minus the product of temperature and entropy. For 10 points, name this quantity symbolized by either A or F, a type of free energy named for a German scientist.
[EX A]: Science

[EX Q]: This man was the subject of a 1949 Henry Cowell opera designed as a satire against Dwight Eisenhower. He died in exile after a conservative coup led by his successor, Ramn Freire. When his father became viceroy of Peru, he was sent to London, where he met Francisco de Miranda and joined the independentist Lautaro Lodge. He began his public life as a deputy to the Cabildo from La Laja. His cavalry charge at the battle of Chacabuco allowed him to enter Santiago in triumph along with Jose de San Martin in March 1818. FTP, name this descendant of Irish officers in Spanish service, the first ruler of an independent Chile.
[EX A]: History

[EX Q]: This god transformed the elderly couple Baucis and Philemon into trees and transformed the godless Lycaon into a wolf. This deity killed Porphyrion for trying to rape his wife. Leda, the wife of Tyndareus, was approached by this god in the form of a swan and he dressed as Amphitryon to seduce Alcmene. This god's father Cronos ate a rock in place of him, and Athena sprang fully formed from this god's head. This brother of Hades and Poseidon is married to his sister Hera. For 10 points, name this supreme deity of Olympus and Greek god of thunder.
[EX A]:
Social Science