instruction:
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
question:
Context_1 : Charlotte d'Amboise (born May 11, 1964) is an American actress and dancer. She has played starring roles in musical theatre, and has been nominated for two Tony Awards and won the Los Angeles Ovation Awards for Best Leading Actress in a Musical for "Chicago". She has also appeared in films. Context_2 : Casey Nicholaw (born 1962) is an American theatre director, choreographer and performer. He has been nominated for Tony Awards for directing and choreographing "The Drowsy Chaperone" (2006) and "Something Rotten!" (2015), for choreographing "Monty Python's Spamalot" (2005), and choreographing "The Book of Mormon" (2011), winning for his co-direction of the latter with Trey Parker. He also was nominated for the Drama Desk Awards for Outstanding Direction and Choreography for "The Drowsy Chaperone" (2006) and "Something Rotten!" (2015) and for Outstanding Choreography for "Spamalot" (2005). Context_3 : The Drowsy Chaperone is a musical with book by Bob Martin and Don McKellar and music and lyrics by Lisa Lambert and Greg Morrison. It is a parody of American musical comedy of the 1920s. The story concerns a middle-aged, asocial musical theatre fan; as he plays the record of his favorite musical, the (fictional) 1928 hit "The Drowsy Chaperone", the show comes to life onstage as he wryly comments on the music, story, and actors. "The Drowsy Chaperone" debuted in 1998 at The Rivoli in Toronto and opened on Broadway on 1 May 2006. The show was nominated for multiple Broadway (2006) and London (2008) theatre awards, winning five Tony Awards and seven Drama Desk Awards. The show has had major productions in Toronto, Los Angeles, New York, London, Melbourne and Japan, as well as two North American tours. Context_4 : Stephen Flaherty (born September 18, 1960) is an American composer of musical theatre. He works most often in collaboration with the lyricist/bookwriter Lynn Ahrens. They are best known for writing the Broadway musicals "Once on This Island", which was nominated for eight Tony Awards, "Seussical", which was nominated for the Grammy Award, and "Ragtime", which was nominated for twelve Tony Awards and won Best Original Score. Flaherty was also nominated for two Academy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards with Lynn Ahrens for his songs and song score for the animated film musical "Anastasia". Context_5 : Chad Beguelin (born September 24, 1969) is an American playwright and four-time Tony Award nominee. He wrote the book for Disney's "Aladdin", as well as additional lyrics for the score. He was nominated for Best Original Book and Best Original Score for "Aladdin". He is also known for his collaborations with composer Matthew Sklar, having written the lyrics and co-written the book for the Broadway musical "The Wedding Singer" and the lyrics for the Broadway musical "Elf the Musical". Beguelin was nominated for two Tony Awards for his work on "The Wedding Singer", as well as a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lyrics. Context_6 : Monty Python's Spamalot is a musical comedy adapted from the 1975 film "Monty Python and the Holy Grail". Like the film, it is a highly irreverent parody of the Arthurian Legend, but it differs from the film in many ways. The original 2005 Broadway production, directed by Mike Nichols, won three Tony Awards, including the Tony Award for Best Musical, and received 14 Tony Award nominations. During its initial run of over 1,500 performances, it was seen by more than two million people and grossed over $175 million. Context_7 : John Lee Beatty is an American scenic designer who has created set designs for more than 110 Broadway shows and has designed for other productions. He has won two Tony Awards, for "Talley's Folly" (1980) and "The Nance" (2013), and been nominated for 13 more, and he has won five Drama Desk Awards and been nominated for 10 others. Context_8 : Eugene Clair "Gene" Persson (January 12, 1934 – June 6, 2008) was an American actor, theatrical and film producer. He was, perhaps, best known for his work as the co-producer and co-creator of the original 1967 production of the Broadway musical comedy, "You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown", as well as the show's 1999 Broadway revival, which won two Tony Awards. Context_9 : Glenn Slater (born 1968) is an American lyricist who collaborates with Alan Menken and other musical theatre composers. He was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Original Score for the Broadway version of "The Little Mermaid" at the 62nd Tony Awards in 2008, his second Tony nomination for "Sister Act" at the 65th Tony Awards in 2011, and his third Tony nomination for "School of Rock" at the 70th Tony Awards in 2016. Context_10 : John Arthur Lithgow ( ; born October 19 , 1945) is an American actor, musician, singer, comedian, voice actor, and author. He has received two Tony Awards, six Emmy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, an American Comedy Award, four Drama Desk Awards and has also been nominated for two Academy Awards and four Grammy Awards. Lithgow has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and has been inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. fact_1 : Casey Nicholaw (born 1962) is an American theatre director, choreographer and performer. fact_2 :  He has been nominated for Tony Awards for directing and choreographing "The Drowsy Chaperone" (2006) and "Something Rotten! fact_3 :  It is a parody of American musical comedy of the 1920s. Question: Who was nominated for two Tony Awards for a parody of an American musical comedy of the 1920s?
answer:
Casey Nicholaw


question:
Context_1 : The Shreds are an indie rock band based in Nevada City, California. Their debut CD, "Stranger", was released in June 2009, produced by five-time Academy Award nominated motion picture sound editor, Michael Herbick. The band members are Dylan Rodrigue (vocals & guitar), Blake Severn (vocals & bass) and Griffin Meyer (drums). As winners of the 2008 Sacramento News & Reviews' Jammies competition, The Shreds were selected by Sacramento producer & musician David Houston for a 25-hour recording project. In March 2009 they won the John Lennon Educational Bus Battle for the Bus in Sacramento, winning a full-day recording project using their state-of-the-art mobile audio/video recording studio recording the "A Very Dark Green" music video. They were also nominated in 2009 for a Sacramento News & Reviews Sammies Award (Outstanding Teen Band category). Context_2 : Escape the Fate is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2005 and originally from Pahrump, Nevada. The group consists of Robert Ortiz (drummer), Craig Mabbitt (lead vocalist), TJ Bell (rhythm guitarist, bassist and vocalist), Kevin "Thrasher" Gruft (lead guitarist, bassist, backing vocalist) and touring musician Max Georgiev (bassist). The group was founded by original vocalist Ronnie Radke, bassist Max Green and lead guitarist Monte Money. The band has had 10 official members and 5 touring members and throughout 2010-2013 had a fluctuating lineup, and has recorded 5 album with 4 different studio lineups. Context_3 : The Replacements were an American rock band formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1979. Initially a punk rock band, they are considered pioneers of alternative rock. The band was composed of the guitarist and vocalist Paul Westerberg, guitarist Bob Stinson, bass guitarist Tommy Stinson and drummer Chris Mars for most of its career. Following several acclaimed albums, including "Let It Be" and "Tim", Bob Stinson left the band in 1986, and Slim Dunlap joined as lead guitarist. Steve Foley replaced Mars in 1990. Towards the end of the band's career, Westerberg exerted more control over the creative output. The group disbanded in 1991, with the members eventually pursuing various projects. A reunion was announced on October 3, 2012. The Replacements never had significant commercial success, except for "I'll Be You", which hit number 1 on the "Billboard" Alt Rock chart, but they influenced numerous alternative rock acts. Context_4 : Escape the Fate is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2005 and originally from Pahrump, Nevada. They are signed to Eleven Seven Music. The group consists of Robert Ortiz (drummer), Craig Mabbitt (lead vocalist), TJ Bell (rhythm guitarist and vocalist), Kevin "Thrasher" Gruft (lead guitarist) and touring musician Max Georgiev (bassist). s of 2013 , Ortiz is the last founding member in the current lineup of the group. Context_5 : Panic! at the Disco is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2004 and featuring the current lineup of vocalist Brendon Urie, accompanied on tour by bassist Dallon Weekes, guitarist Kenneth Harris and drummer Dan Pawlovich. Founded by childhood friends Ryan Ross, Spencer Smith, Brent Wilson and Urie, Panic! at the Disco recorded its first demos while its members were in high school. Shortly after, the band recorded and released its debut studio album, "A Fever You Can't Sweat Out" (2005). Popularized by the second single, "I Write Sins Not Tragedies", the album was certified double platinum in the US. In 2006, founding bassist Brent Wilson was fired from the band during an extensive world tour and subsequently replaced by Jon Walker. Context_6 : The Academy Is... was an American rock band from Chicago, Illinois, formed in 2003. Before disbanding, they were signed by the Decaydance imprint of the Fueled by Ramen label. They were originally known as "The Academy", but added the "Is..." in 2004 to avoid legal complications with other established bands already under that name. The band released three studio albums, "Almost Here", "Santi", and "Fast Times at Barrington High", and four EPs. The band announced its break-up on 8 October 2011. In May 2015, lead singer William Beckett announced that the band would reunite at Riot Fest 2015 in Chicago. In addition the core members of the band Beckett, Mike Carden and Adam Siska, as well as Andy Mrotek and Ian Crawford (both of whom had not originally been part of the band), reunited for a farewell tour that took place during December 2015. Context_7 : Imagine Dragons is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, consisting of lead vocalist Dan Reynolds, lead guitarist Wayne Sermon, bassist and keyboardist Ben McKee, and drummer Daniel Platzman. The band first gained exposure in 2012 with the releases of their debut studio album "Night Visions" and its first single "It's Time". "Billboard" placed them at the top of their "Year In Rock" rankings for 2013, and named them their "Breakthrough Band of 2013". "Rolling Stone" named their single "Radioactive" from "Night Visions" the "biggest rock hit of the year", and MTV called them "the year's biggest breakout band". "Night Visions" peaked at number two on the weekly US "Billboard" 200 chart and the UK Albums Chart. The band's second studio album "Smoke + Mirrors" was released in 2015, and reached number one in the US, Canada and the UK. After touring for their sophomore record, the band took a brief hiatus to focus on their personal lives. During the latter half of 2016, they began recording their third studio album, "Evolve", released in 2017. While all three albums were commercially successful, critical reception was mixed. Context_8 : The Big F was an American rock band that was formed in Los Angeles, California in 1988 by guitarist Mark Christian and former members of Berlin, bassist and vocalist John Crawford and drummer Rob Brill. Context_9 : Ian Miles Crawford (born September 29, 1988) is an American musician and vocalist born in Eugene, Oregon. He is most prominently known being a guitarist and backing vocalist for groups including The Cab, Panic! at the Disco, Never Shout Never, and The Academy Is... In 2016, he founded the rock and roll group The Contestants, which released their debut studio album, "No Contest", in May 2016. Context_10 : Tremonti is an American heavy metal band founded and fronted by lead vocalist and guitarist Mark Tremonti, best known as the guitarist of the American rock band Creed, and the lead guitarist of American rock band Alter Bridge. The band also consists of rhythm guitarist Eric Friedman and drummer Garrett Whitlock. Bassist Wolfgang Van Halen was in the band between 2012 to 2017. What originally started as a Mark Tremonti solo project evolved into a fully fledged band after the release of the group's first album, "All I Was", in July 2012. That album featured Tremonti himself playing guitar in addition to lead vocals, and the band was joined by Tremonti's Creed and Alter Bridge bandmate Brian Marshall playing bass on tour until his departure later that year. He was replaced by Van Halen bassist Wolfgang Van Halen, who contributed to the band's second album, "Cauterize", which was released on June 9, 2015. The band also has another album, entitled "Dust", in April 2016, serving as a continuation to "Cauterize". fact_1 :  He is most prominently known being a guitarist and backing vocalist for groups including The Cab, Panic! fact_2 :  at the Disco, Never Shout Never, and The Academy Is... In 2016, he founded the rock and roll group The Contestants, which released their debut studio album, "No Contest", in May 2016. fact_3 :  at the Disco is an American rock band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2004 and featuring the current lineup of vocalist Brendon Urie, accompanied on tour by bassist Dallon Weekes, guitarist Kenneth Harris and drummer Dan Pawlovich. Question:  Ian Crawford has been a guitarist for the American rock band from what Nevada city?
answer:
Las Vegas


question:
Context_1 : Conflict theories are perspectives in sociology and social psychology that emphasize a materialist interpretation of history, dialectical method of analysis, a critical stance toward existing social arrangements, and political program of revolution or, at least, reform. Conflict theories draw attention to power differentials, such as class conflict, and generally contrast historically dominant ideologies. It is therefore a macro level analysis of society. Karl Marx is the father of the social conflict theory, which is a component of the four paradigms of sociology. Certain conflict theories set out to highlight the ideological aspects inherent in traditional thought. While many of these perspectives hold parallels, conflict theory "does not" refer to a unified school of thought, and should not be confused with, for instance, peace and conflict studies, or any other specific theory of social conflict. Context_2 : Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that analyzes class relations and societal conflict, that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, and a dialectical view of social transformation. Marxist methodology uses economic and sociopolitical inquiry and applies that to the critique and analysis of the development of capitalism and the role of class struggle in systemic economic change. Context_3 : Marxism is a form of socioeconomic analysis that explores class relations and societal conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and a dialectical view of social transformation – it originates from the mid-to-late 19th century works of German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Context_4 : The first Korean student movement begun in 1919, when students took part in the Sam-il Movement of 1 March to call for the end of Japanese colonization. The student movement has since then played a major part in several big political changes in Korea. Before liberation of Korea from Japanese rule in 1945, the main focus of the student movement was opposing this rule and demanding Korea's independence. After 1945, the student movement was mainly concerned with righting the wrongs in Korean government. Students rose for instance against the South Korea's government of Syngman Rhee after the rigged elections in March 1960. 1980 marked a turning point in the South Korean student movement. After the Gwangju massacre in May 1980, the student movement got a clear vision, partly based on Marxism, and had a pivotal role in the democratization of South Korean society. Student activism is still common on the 21st century South Korean political scene. Context_5 : Capital. Volume I: The Process of Production of Capital (German: "Das Kapital. Erster Band. Buch I: Der Produktionsprocess des Kapitals" ) is an 1867 economics book by German philosopher Karl Marx. In this, the only part of Marx's multi-volume "" to be published during his lifetime, Marx critiques capitalism chiefly from the standpoint of its production processes. After Marx's death, Friedrich Engels compiled and expanded his friend's notes into volumes "II" (1885) and "III" (1894). Context_6 : The Gwangju Student Independence Movement (Hangul: 광주 학생 독립 운동 Hanja:光州學生獨立運動), or Gwangju Student Movement was a Korean independence movement in Gwangju against the 22 August 1910 to 15 August 1945 Japanese rule of Korea. The Gwangju Student Independence Movement took place in October and November 1929. It is considered the second-most important Korean independence movement in the period of the Japanese occupation, with the March 1st Movement considered the most important. The Gwangju Student Independence Movement spread out throughout the Korean Peninsula. Context_7 : The German student movement (also called 68er-Bewegung, movement of 1968, or soixante-huitaires) was a protest movement that took place during the late 1960s in West Germany. It was largely a reaction against the perceived authoritarianism and hypocrisy of the West German government and other Western governments, and the poor living conditions of students. A wave of protests—some violent—swept West Germany, fueled by violent over-reaction by the police and encouraged by contemporary protest movements across the world. Following more than a century of conservatism among German students, the German student movement also marked a significant major shift to the left and radicalization of student activism. Context_8 : Marxist aesthetics is a theory of aesthetics based on, or derived from, the theories of Karl Marx. It involves a dialectical and materialist, or dialectical materialist, approach to the application of Marxism to the cultural sphere, specifically areas related to taste such as art, beauty, etc. Marxists believe that economic and social conditions, and especially the class relations that derive from them, affect every aspect of an individual's life, from religious beliefs to legal systems to cultural frameworks. From one classic Marxist point of view, the role of art is not only to represent such conditions truthfully, but also to seek to improve them (social/socialist realism); however, this is a contentious interpretation of the limited but significant writing by Marx and Engels on art and especially on aesthetics. For instance, Nikolay Chernyshevsky, who greatly influenced the art of the early Soviet Union, followed the secular humanism of Ludwig Feuerbach more than he followed Marx. Context_9 : Various Marxist authors have focused on Marx's method of analysis and presentation (historical materialist and logically dialectical) as key factors both in understanding the range and incisiveness of Karl Marx's theoretical writing in general and "Das Kapital " in particular. One of the clearest and most instructive examples of this is his discussion of "the value-form", which acts as a primary guide or key to understanding the logical argument as it develops throughout the volumes of "Das Kapital ". Context_10 : K. Ramakrishna Pillai (1878–1916) was a nationalist writer, journalist, editor, and political activist. He edited "Swadeshabhimani" (The Patriot), the newspaper which became a potent weapon against the rule of the British and the erstwhile princely state of Travancore (Kerala, India) and a tool for social transformation. His criticism of the Diwan of Travancore, P. Rajagopalachari and the Maharajah led to the eventual confiscation of the newspaper. Ramakrishna Pillai was arrested and exiled from Travancore in 1910. Vrithantha Pathra Pravarthanam (1912) and Karl Marx (1912) are among his most noted works in Malayalam, Vrithantha Pathra pravarthanam being the first book on journalism in Malayalam and Karl Marx, the first ever biography of Karl Marx in any Indian language. fact_1 :  After the Gwangju massacre in May 1980, the student movement got a clear vision, partly based on Marxism, and had a pivotal role in the democratization of South Korean society. fact_2 : Marxism is a form of socioeconomic analysis that explores class relations and societal conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and a dialectical view of social transformation – it originates from the mid-to-late 19th century works of German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Question: The first Korean student movement begun in 1919, when students took part in the Sam-il Movement of 1 March to call for the end of Japanese colonization, after the Gwangju massacre in May 1980, the student movement got a clear vision, partly based on which form of socioeconomic analysis that explores class relations and societal conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and a dialectical view of social transformation – it originates from the mid-to-late 19th century works of the German philosopher Karl Marx?
answer:

Marxism