In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question separated with a 
. You have to answer the question based on the context.

Example Input: It is interesting to observe that the baseline model amplifies the bias in the training data set as measured by INLINEFORM0 and INLINEFORM1 . From measurements using the described bias metrics, our method effectively mitigates bias in language modelling without a significant increase in perplexity. 
 Question: how is mitigation of gender bias evaluated?
Example Output: Using INLINEFORM0 and INLINEFORM1

Example Input: Wikilinks can be seen as a large-scale, naturally-occurring, crowd-sourced dataset where thousands of human annotators provide ground truths for mentions of interest. This means that the dataset contains various kinds of noise, especially due to incoherent contexts. We prepare our dataset from the local-context version of Wikilinks, and resolve ground-truth links using a Wikipedia dump from April 2016. We use the page and redirect tables for resolution, and keep the database pageid column as a unique identifier for Wikipedia entities. We discard mentions where the ground-truth could not be resolved (only 3% of mentions). 
 Question: How was a quality control performed so that the text is noisy but the annotations are accurate?
Example Output: The authors believe that the Wikilinks corpus  contains ground truth annotations while being noisy. They discard mentions that cannot have ground-truth verified by comparison with Wikipedia.

Example Input: In order to provide directions for future work, we analyze the errors made by the classifier trained on the extended features on the four prediction tasks.

Errors on Intention (I) prediction: The lack of background is a major problem when identifying trolling comments. Non-cursing aggressions and insults This is a challenging problem, since the majority of abusive and insulting comments rely on profanity and swearing.  Another source of error is the presence of controversial topic words such as “black”,“feminism”, “killing”, “racism”, “brown”, etc. that are commonly used by trolls. Errors on Disclosure (D) prediction: A major source of error that affects disclosure is the shallow meaning representation obtained from the BOW model even when augmented with the distributional features given by the glove vectors. Errors on Interpretation (R) prediction: it is a common practice from many users to directly ask the suspected troll if he/she is trolling or not.  Errors on Response Strategy (B) prediction: In some cases there is a blurry line between “Frustrate” and “Neutralize”.  Another challenging problem is the distinction between the classes “Troll” and “Engage”.  
 Question: What is an example of a difficult-to-classify case?
Example Output:
The lack of background Non-cursing aggressions and insults the presence of controversial topic words   shallow meaning representation directly ask the suspected troll if he/she is trolling or not a blurry line between “Frustrate” and “Neutralize” distinction between the classes “Troll” and “Engage”