In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Due to increased use of imaging techniques, adrenal incidentalomas are frequently detected. The majority are non-hyperfunctioning adrenocortical tumors. We have previously shown that expression of the gene CYP17, coding for the enzyme in the cortisol pathway, correlates with cortisol release from adrenocortical tumors in vitro. The aim of this study was to compare clinical data with mRNA expression of CYP17 and CYP11B1 in adrenocortical tumors from patients with and without Cushing's syndrome and to identify adrenal tumors that may cause subclinical Cushing's syndrome.", 'A retrospective study of 34 patients undergoing adrenalectomy due to an adrenal tumor.', 'Clinical data were collected. In the adrenal gland the mRNA expression of the genes CYP17 and CYP11B1 was studied with in situ hybridisation technique.', "The median ratio of CYP17/CYP11B1 expression in tumors from patients with Cushing's syndrome was significantly higher than the median ratio in the non-hyperfunctioning tumors. Tumors from 2 patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome had ratios within the upper range for non-hyperfunctioning tumors.\Question: Does increased ratio of mRNA expression of the genes CYP17 and CYP11B1 indicate autonomous cortisol production in adrenocortical tumors?

Output: The ratio between the expression of the genes CYP17 and CYP11B1 in tumors from patients with Cushing's syndrome is significantly higher than in the non-hyperfunctioning tumors. This indicates that 17alpha-hydroxylase is a major determinant of cortisol overproduction. The patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome in this study are too few to draw any firm conclusions although the results suggest that subclinical Cushing's syndrome may be identified post-operatively with this method.


Input: Consider Input: Context: To test whether extension of the C-terminus of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) alpha-subunit (halpha) alters the bioactivity of the recombined alphabeta heterodimer.', 'The stop codon of halpha was mutated to produce a 24 amino acid extension.', 'The extended halpha (alpha(+24)) was co-expressed with hCGbeta in COS-7 cells and the receptor binding and in vivo bioactivity of the secreted hormone was compared with its wild-type counterpart.', 'This extension did not impair the binding of hCG to rat LH/CG receptors and provoked a sixfold reduction in its stimulatory activity of testosterone secretion in rat Leydig cells.\Question: Does human chorionic gonadotropin with C-elongated alpha-subunit retain full receptor binding and partial agonist activity?

Output: The extension of alpha by itself does not lead to inhibition of the alphabeta heterodimer to LH receptors but the structure of the extension appears to play an important role. It is thus possible that one-chain hCG chimeras with the beta N-terminus fused to the alpha C-terminus might be active.


Input: Consider Input: Context: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury may occur after renal transplantation, thoracoabdominal aortic surgery, and renal artery interventions.', 'To investigate the therapeutic effects of aprotinin on tissue protection against I/R injury in a rat model. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, was also tested to assess the experimental model.', 'Twenty-four rats were categorized into 3 groups of 8 rats each: those receiving isotonic sodium chloride solution (control group); NAC, 150 mg/kg; and aprotinin, 40,000 KIU/kg. The animals underwent unilateral nephrectomy after 60 minutes of warm ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion of the kidney. Malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation marker, and antioxidant glutathione levels were measured in the kidney parenchyma. Tissue samples were obtained for histologic analysis.', 'Compared with the control group, the NAC group demonstrated significantly low levels of malondialdehyde (P = .04) and high levels of glutathione (P = .01). At histopathologic analysis, less acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and cellular swelling was noted in the NAC group (P = .002 and P = .005, respectively). In the aprotinin group, histopathologic analysis revealed less tissue damage in terms of ATN (P < .001, cellular swelling (P < .001), and vacuolysis (P = .002). Compared with the NAC group, ATN (P = .01), vacuolysis (P = .04), and congestion (P = .05) were significantly less in the aprotinin group.\Question: Does serine protease inhibitor aprotinin ameliorate renal injury in a rat model of ischemia-perfusion injury?


Output: Our results suggest that administration of aprotinin attenuates renal I/R injury. This observation has potential application for kidney preservation for transplantation, for aortic surgery, and for renal artery interventions by protecting cells from free radical damage.