In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Ex Input:
appellate review that is not founded upon any factual findings made at the trial court level, but is based upon an independent review and analysis of the contract within the four corners of the document, is not subject to the manifest error rule of law.

Ex Output:
non-overruling


Ex Input:
we therefore disapprove the discussion in russell v. roberts, supra, 39 cal.app.3d at pages 394-395, and the dicta in goodyear v. mack, supra, 159 cal.app.3d at pages 659-660, and shepherd v. robinson, supra, 128 cal.app.3d at page 626.

Ex Output:
overruling


Ex Input:
we therefore recede from lewis.

Ex Output:

overruling