instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: To determine whether fertilization rate serves as a biological assay, reflects oocyte quality, and may be used to help predict patient implantation rate.', 'Retrospective cohort study.', 'Academic center.', 'Couples undergoing 3603 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles from 2001 to 2007.', 'None.', 'We compared the implantation rate among cycles with high versus low fertilization rate. Univariate analyses were performed to determine the association of implantation rate with potential confounding variables: age, day-3 follicle-stimulating hormone level, day-3 estradiol level, antral follicle count, oocyte number, cycle attempts, embryo grading, and number of embryos transferred. Multivariate analysis was then performed to determine whether the fertilization rate remained an independent predictor.', 'Cutoffs for fertilization rate were 50% for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and 75% for conventional insemination. Higher ICSI fertilization was statistically significantly associated with the implantation rate (25.2% vs. 17.8 %). After adjusting for variables associated with implantation rate, fertilization rate for ICSI remained a strong independent predictor of implantation. Higher conventional insemination fertilization was statistically significantly associated with implantation (32.1% vs. 25.7%) and remained a statistically significant predictor after adjustment.\Question: Is fertilization rate an independent predictor of implantation rate?
answer:
Fertilization is a strong, independent predictor of implantation rate and may be useful in modeling to guide decision making for the number of embryos to transfer.


question:
Context: To determine whether macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptor mRNA and receptor protein that can bind 125I-hCG.', 'Macrophages isolated from term pregnancy human decidua were used for LH/hCG receptor detection by in situ hybridization for receptor mRNA and immunocytochemistry for a macrophage marker, CD68, performed alone and in combination, reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction, Western and ligand blotting. The LH/hCG receptor presence in macrophages in late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea was determined by sequential performance of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry.', 'The macrophages present in term pregnancy human decidua and late luteal phase human endometria and corpora lutea contain LH/hCG receptors.\Question: Do macrophages in human reproductive tissues contain luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors?
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This is the first demonstration of macrophages present in human reproductive tissues containing LH/hCG receptors. The receptor presence suggests that LH and hCG may regulate macrophage functions in gonadal as well as in non-gonadal target tissues.


question:
Context: The ability of Yersinia pestis to form a biofilm is an important characteristic in flea transmission of this pathogen. Y. pestis laterally acquired two plasmids (pPCP1and pMT1) and the ability to form biofilms when it evolved from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are thought to play a crucial role in the processes of biofilm formation and pathogenesis.', 'A pPCP1-derived sRNA HmsA (also known as sR084) was found to contribute to the enhanced biofilm formation phenotype of Y. pestis. The concentration of c-di-GMP was significantly reduced upon deletion of the hmsA gene in Y. pestis. The abundance of mRNA transcripts determining exopolysaccharide production, crucial for biofilm formation, was measured by primer extension, RT-PCR and lacZ transcriptional fusion assays in the wild-type and hmsA mutant strains. HmsA positively regulated biofilm synthesis-associated genes (hmsHFRS, hmsT and hmsCDE), but had no regulatory effect on the biofilm degradation-associated gene hmsP. Interestingly, the recently identified biofilm activator sRNA, HmsB, was rapidly degraded in the hmsA deletion mutant. Two genes (rovM and rovA) functioning as biofilm regulators were also found to be regulated by HmsA, whose regulatory effects were consistent with the HmsA-mediated biofilm phenotype.\Question: Does plasmid pPCP1-derived sRNA HmsA promote biofilm formation of Yersinia pestis?
answer:

HmsA potentially functions as an activator of biofilm formation in Y. pestis, implying that sRNAs encoded on the laterally acquired plasmids might be involved in the chromosome-based regulatory networks implicated in Y. pestis-specific physiological processes.