In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
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Question: Protein chips have emerged as a promising approach for a wide variety of applications including the identification of protein-protein interactions, protein-phospholipid interactions, small molecule targets, and substrates of proteins kinases. They can also be used for clinical diagnostics and monitoring disease states. This article reviews current methods in the generation and applications of protein microarrays. Understanding complex cellular systems will require the identification and analysis of each of its components and determining how they function together and are regulated. A critical step in this process is to determine the biochemical activities of the proteins and how these activities themselves are controlled and modified by other proteins. Traditionally, the biochemical activities of proteins have been elucidated by studying single molecules, one experiment at a time. This process is not optimal, as it is slow and labor intensive. In contrast to this traditional approach, high-throughput scientific methods have been developed in the last decade to optimize the study of large numbers of molecules, including DNA, proteins and metabolites. DNA microarrays in particular have proved valuable in genomic research (Schena et al., 1995) . They have been used to study gene expression patterns, to locate transcription factor binding sites, and to detect sequence mutations and deletions on a grand scale. However, DNA microarrays tell us only about the genes themselves and provide little information regarding the functions of the proteins they encode. More recently high throughput approaches have been developed for the study of proteins, including profiling of proteins using mass spectrometry (Gavin et al.,

Answer: Protein Microarray Technology Types of protein microarrays


Question: Ten strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were titrated as plaqueforming units in primary chick embryo fibroblast cells. In the absence of trypsin, plaques were only formed by Beaudette-42 and Iowa-609 strains. When trypsin was incorporated in the overlay medium of cell monolayers, all the IBV strains tested produced plaques within 4days after inoculation. Incorporation of 20--40 ~xg of trypsin per ml of the overlay medium seemed to be suitable for plaque formation of IBV. A preliminary investigation was made of the mode of action of trypsin.

Answer: Archives of Virology Plaque Formation by Avian Infectious Bronehitis Virus in Primary Chick Embryo Fibroblast Cells in the Presence of Trypsin


Question: To understand mechanisms of viral diarrhea further, we studied ileal ion transport in vitro in relation to mucosal changes and epithelial differentiation in transmissible gastroenteritis in piglets, an invasive viral enteritis thought to involve mainly proximal intestine. In infected pigs, at the height of diarrhea, short-circuited ileal epithelium failed actively to transport Na+ and Cl-, and there was a defect of glucose-mediated Na+ transport. The Clsecretory response to theophylline remained intact. Conductance measurements indicate that paracellular permeability may be reduced and transcellular transport may be altered. A mucosal lesion was observed at the time of the transport changes, characterized by villus blunting, crypt hyperplasia, and immature crypt-type enterocytes on the villus epithelium, deficient in disaccharidase and (Na+, K+)A TPase activity but rich in thymidine kinase. Consideration of the major determinants of diarrhea in this invasive enteritis must take into account not only altered mucosal function and differentiation but also the extent of intestinal involvement, including the ileum, a major site of fluid absorption in the intestine.

Answer:
Determinants of Diarrhea in Viral Enteritis The Role of Ion Transport and Epithelial Changes in the Ileum in Transmissible Gastroenteritis in Piglets