TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: A failed naval expedition led by this country's Blanco Encalada resulted in the 1837 Treaty of Paucarpata, while its 1925 Constitution began its Presidential Republic period. This modern day country was captured in a campaign led by Pedro de Valdivia; that campaign saw fighting against its native Araucanian or Mapuche Indians. This country's Patria Vieja period of independence was ended at the Disaster of Rancagua. Its independence campaign was led by men like the Carrera Brothers and Bernardo O'Higgins, and the 19th century saw the flourishing of its free port Valparaiso. For 10 points, name this South American country led in the 20th century by Salvador Allende and Augusto Pinochet.

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: One character in this work almost drowns in a shower when she sits on the drain, and another is left by his wife because he compares humans to computers. Other events include the Duke di Angelis quartet deciding to play a piece without instruments and the break-in of sailors who believe that the apartment is a brothel. Upstairs, another character dictates a theory to Aubade while cradling a dying bird in his hands. Describing a lease-breaking party thrown by Meatball Mulligan, for 10 points, name this work in which the thermometer always reads thirty-seven degrees and Callisto envisions a "heat-death for his culture," a short story by Thomas Pynchon.

SOLUTION: Literature

PROBLEM: Along with the heart, this organ is severely damaged in Alagille syndrome, which results from the deletion of a gene coding for the JAG1 protein. The Child-Pugh scale is used to evaluate damage to this organ, which can also occur when veins leading to it are occluded in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Morrison's pouch lies behind this this organ, which is suspended by the coronary ligament. It is one of the major sites of damage as a result of copper accumulation in Wilson's disease, and it is attached to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by the falciform ligament. Red blood cells are broken down in this organ by macrophages called Kupffer cells, and this organ receives blood through the portal vein system. For 10 points, identify this site of gluconeogenesis, a four-lobed, bile-secreting organ.

SOLUTION:
Science