In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[Q]: to the extent that cooper may be read to permit proof only by probable cause, it is overruled.
[A]: overruling


[Q]: plaintiff's motion should have been denied, since the new evidence that plaintiff submitted in support of renewal, a loan document purporting to reduce the interest rate to the legal rate in the event of a finding of usury, would not change the prior determination that the loan was criminally usurious (see bakhash v winston, 134 ad3d 468 [1st dept 2015]; cplr 2221[e][2]).
[A]: non-overruling


[Q]: see smith v. babcock & wilcox constr. co., 913 s.w.2d 467, 468 (tex. 1995) (per curiam).
[A]:
non-overruling