In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question based on the context. You have to classify the questions into "Extractive", "Abstractive", or "Yes-no" questions. Extractive questions can be answered by concatenating extracts taken from a context into a summary while answering abstractive questions involves paraphrasing the context using novel sentences. Yes-no question is a question whose expected answer is one of two choices, one that affirms the question and one that denies the question. Typically, the choices are either yes or no.

Input: Consider Input: One common point in all the approaches yet has been the use of only textual features available in the dataset. Our model not only incorporates textual features, modeled using BiLSTM and augmented with an attention mechanism, but also considers related images for the task. 
 Question: What are the differences with previous applications of neural networks for this task?

Output: Abstractive


Input: Consider Input: Understanding a user's intent and sentiment is of utmost importance for current intelligent chatbots to respond appropriately to human requests. However, current systems are not able to perform to their best capacity when presented with incomplete data, meaning sentences with missing or incorrect words. This scenario is likely to happen when one considers human error done in writing. In fact, it is rather naive to assume that users will always type fully grammatically correct sentences.  
 Question: How do the authors define or exemplify 'incorrect words'?

Output: Abstractive


Input: Consider Input: We compare our method to the following baselines: (1) Single-task CNN: training a CNN model for each task individually; (2) Single-task FastText: training one FastText model BIBREF23 with fixed embeddings for each individual task; (3) Fine-tuned the holistic MTL-CNN: a standard transfer-learning approach, which trains one MTL-CNN model on all the training tasks offline, then fine-tunes the classifier layer (i.e. $\mathrm {M}^{(cls)}$ Figure 1 (a)) on each target task; (4) Matching Network: a metric-learning based few-shot learning model trained on all training tasks; (5) Prototypical Network: a variation of matching network with different prediction function as Eq. 9 ; (6) Convex combining all single-task models: training one CNN classifier on each meta-training task individually and taking the encoder, then for each target task training a linear combination of all the above single-task encoders with Eq. ( 24 ).  
 Question: Do they compare with the MAML algorithm?


Output: Yes-no