Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Example Input: Primary: to evaluate predictivity of liver stiffness (LS), spleen stiffness (SS), and their ratio assessed by real-time 2D shear wave elastography (RT-2D-SWE) for adverse outcomes (hepatic decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma or death; "event") in compensated liver cirrhosis (LC) patients. Secondary: to evaluate ability of these measures to discriminate between cirrhotic patients with/without esophageal varices (EV).', 'Predictivity of LS, SS, and LS/SS was assessed in a retrospectively analyzed cohort of compensated LC patients (follow-up cohort) and through comparison with incident patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC) (cross-sectional cohort). Both cohorts were used to evaluate diagnostic properties regarding EV.', 'In the follow-up cohort (n=44) 18 patients (40.9%) experienced an "event" over a median period of 28 months. LS≥21.5 kPa at baseline was independently associated with 3.4-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-10.4, P=0.026) higher risk of event. Association between SS and outcomes was weaker (P=0.056), while there was no association between LS/SS ratio and outcomes. Patients with DC (n=43) had higher LS (35.3 vs 18.3 kPa, adjusted difference 65%, 95% CI 43%-90%; P<0.001) than compensated patients at baseline. Adjusted odds of EV increased by 13% (95% CI 7.0%-20.0%; Plt;0.001) with 1 kPa increase in LS. At cut-offs of 19.7 and 30.3 kPa, LS and SS had 90% and 86.6% negative predictive value, respectively, to exclude EV in compensated patients.
Example Output: 1

Example Input: Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and Nrf2 is the transcriptional factor central in cellular antioxidant responses. In the present study, we investigate the effect of a dihydrolipoic acid derivative lipoicmethylenedioxyphenol (LMDP) on the progression of atherosclerosis and test whether its effect on atherosclerosis is mediated by Nrf2.', 'Both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning and en face analysis reveal that 14 weeks of treatment with LMDP markedly reduced atherosclerotic burden in a rabbit balloon vascular injury model. Myograph analyses show decreased aortic contractile response to phenylephrine and increased aortic response to acetylcholine and insulin in LMDP-treated animals, suggesting that LMDP inhibits atherosclerosis through improving vascular function. A role of Nrf2 signaling in mediating the amelioration of vascular function by LMDP was supported by increased Nrf2 translocation into nuclear and increased expression of Nrf2 target genes. Furthermore, chemotaxis analysis with Boydem chamber shows that leukocytes isolated from LMDP-treated rabbits had reduced chemotaxis, and knock-down of Nrf2 significantly reduced the effect of LMDP on the chemotaxis of mouse macrophages.
Example Output: 1

Example Input: We previously demonstrated that even a low dose of bone marrow cells (BMCs) established donor-specific tolerance if mixed with splenocytes (SPLCs). In this study, T-cell subsets CD4 (CD4SP) and CD8 (CD8SP) of donor SPLCs were investigated for their contribution to the enhancement of BMC engraftment leading to donor-specific tolerance in sublethally irradiated mice.', 'Sublethally irradiated C57BL/6 recipient mice were intravenously injected BMCs mixing with CD4SP or CD8SP harvested from BALB/c donor mice. The degree of chimerism in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and in the SPLCs was analyzed using FACS, mixed lymphocyte reaction, and skin graft transplantation 3 months after injection.', 'Recipients injected with 3 x 10(6) donor BMCs admixed with 10 x 10(6) donor CD8SP established chimerism. However, recipients injected with the same dose of BMCs admixed with 5 x 10(6) CD4SP, 10 x 10(6) CD4SP, and 5 x 10(6) CD8SP did not established chimerism. CD8SP contained 44% of Ly6A/E (Stem Cell Antigen-1 (Sca-1))-positive cells based on FACS analysis, whereas only 6% of CD4SP were positive for Ly6A/E. MLR supernates of donor SPLCs chimeric mice using admixture with CD8SP dominated by Th2 cytokines. In contrast, mixting with MLR supernates from failed chimera showed dominant Th1 cytokines.
Example Output:
0