In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Educational Technology Utilization 
Extension Assistance Act''.

SEC. 2. PURPOSE.

    It is the purpose of this Act to improve the utilization of 
educational technologies in elementary and secondary education by 
creating an educational technology extension service based at 
undergraduate institutions of higher education.

SEC. 3. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds the following:
            (1) Extension services such as the Manufacturing Extension 
        Partnership and the Agricultural Extension Service have proven 
        to be effective public/private partnerships to integrate new 
        technologies and to improve utilization of existing 
        technologies by small to medium sized manufacturers and the 
        United States agricultural community.
            (2) Undergraduate institutions of higher education working 
        with non-profit organizations, State, and Federal agencies can 
        tailor educational technology extension programs to meet 
        specific local and regional requirements.
            (3) Undergraduate institutions of higher education, often 
        with the assistance of the National Science Foundation, have 
        for the past 20 years been integrating educational technologies 
        into their curricula, and as such they can draw upon their own 
        experiences to advise elementary and secondary school educators 
        on ways to integrate a variety of educational technologies into 
        the educational process.
            (4) Many elementary and secondary school systems, 
        particularly in rural and traditionally under served areas, 
        lack general information on the most effective methods to 
        integrate their existing technology infrastructure, as well as 
        new educational technology, into the educational process and 
        curriculum.
            (5) Most Federal and State educational technology programs 
        have focused on acquiring educational technologies with less 
        emphasis on the utilization of those technologies in the 
        classroom and the training and infrastructural requirements 
        needed to efficiently support those types of technologies. As a 
        result, in many instances, the full potential of educational 
        technology has not been realized.
            (6) Our global economy is increasingly reliant on a 
        workforce not only comfortable with technology, but also able 
        to integrate rapid technological changes into the production 
        process. As such, in order to remain competitive in a global 
        economy, it is imperative that we maintain a work-ready labor 
        force.
            (7) According to ``Teacher Quality: A Report on the 
        Preparation and Qualifications of Public School Teacher'', 
        prepared by the Department of Education, only 1 in 5 teachers 
        felt they were well prepared to work in a modern classroom.
            (8) The most common form of professional development for 
        teachers continue to be workshops that typically last no more 
        than one day and have little relevance to teachers' work in the 
        classroom.
            (9) A 1998 national survey completed by the Department of 
        Education found that only 19 percent of teachers had been 
        formally mentored by another teacher, and that 70 percent of 
        these teachers felt that this collaboration was very helpful to 
        their teaching.

SEC. 4. PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.

    (a) General Authority.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation, in cooperation with the Secretary of Education and the 
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall 
provide assistance for the creation and support of regional centers for 
the utilization of educational technologies (hereinafter in this Act 
referred to as ``ETU Centers'').
    (b) Functions of Centers.--
            (1) Establishment.--ETU Centers may be established at any 
        institution of higher education, but such centers may include 
        the participation of non-profit entities, organizations, or 
        groups thereof.
            (2) Objectives of centers.--The objective of the ETU 
        Centers is to enhance the utilization of educational 
        technologies in elementary and secondary education through--
                    (A) advising of elementary and secondary school 
                administrators, school boards, and teachers on the 
                adoption and utilization of new educational 
                technologies and the utility of local schools' existing 
                educational technology assets and infrastructure;
                    (B) participation of individuals from the private 
                sector, universities, State and local governments, and 
                other Federal agencies;
                    (C) active dissemination of technical and 
                management information about the use of educational 
                technologies; and
                    (D) utilization, where appropriate, of the 
                expertise and capabilities that exists in Federal 
                laboratories and Federal agencies.
            (3) Activities of centers.--The activities of the ETU 
        Centers shall include the following:
                    (A) The active transfer and dissemination of 
                research findings and ETU Center expertise to local 
                school authorities, including but not limited to school 
                administrators, school boards, and teachers.
                    (B) The training of teachers in the integration of 
                local schools existing educational technology 
                infrastructure into their instructional design.
                    (C) The training and advising of teachers, 
                administrators, and school board members in the 
                acquisition, utilization, and support of educational 
                technologies.
                    (D) Support services to teachers, administrators, 
                and school board members as agreed upon by ETU Center 
                representatives and local school authorities.
                    (E) The advising of teachers, administrators, and 
                school board members on current skill set standards 
                employed by private industry.
    (c) Program Administration.--
            (1) Proposed rules.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation, after consultation with the Secretary of Education 
        and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology, shall publish in the Federal Register, within 90 
        days after the date of the enactment of this Act, a proposed 
        rules for the program for establishing ETU Centers, including--
                    (A) a description of the program;
                    (B) the procedure to be followed by applicant;
                    (C) the criteria for determining qualified 
                applicants; and
                    (D) the criteria, including those listed in the 
                following sections, for choosing recipients of 
                financial assistance under this section from among 
                qualified applicants.
            (2) Final rules.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation shall publish final rules for the program under this 
        Act after the expiration of a 30-day comment period on such 
        proposed rules.
    (d) Eligibility and Selection.--
            (1) Applications required.--Any undergraduate institution 
        of higher education, consortia of such institutions, non-profit 
        organizations, or groups thereof may submit an application for 
        financial support under this section in accordance with the 
        procedures established under subsection (c). In order to 
        receive assistance under this Act, an applicant shall provide 
        adequate assurances that will contribute 50 percent or more of 
        the proposed Center's capital and annual operating and 
        maintenance costs.
            (2) Selection.--The Director of the National Science 
        Foundation, in conjunction with the Secretary of Education and 
        the Director of the National Institute of Standards and 
        Technology, shall subject each application to competitive, 
        merit review. In making a decision whether to approve such 
        application and provide financial support under this section, 
        the Director of the National Science Foundation shall consider 
        at a minimum--
                    (A) the merits of the application, particularly 
                those portions of the application regarding the 
                adaption of training and educational technologies to 
                the needs of particular regions;
                    (B) the quality of service to be provided;
                    (C) the geographical diversity and extent of 
                service area, with particular emphasis on rural and 
                traditionally underdeveloped areas; and
                    (D) the percentage of funding and amount of in-kind 
                commitment from other sources.
            (3) Evaluation.--Each ETU Center which receives financial 
        assistance under this section shall be evaluated during its 
        third year of operation by an evaluation panel appointed by the 
        Director of the National Science Foundation. Each evaluation 
        panel shall measure the involved Center's performance against 
        the objectives specified in this section. Funding for an ETU 
        Center shall not be renewed unless the evaluation is positive.

SEC. 6. DEFINITION.

    As used in this Act, the term ``institution of higher education'' 
has the meaning given that term by section 101 of the Higher Education 
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).
[EX A]: Educational Technology Utilization Extension Assistance Act - Requires the Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF), in cooperation with the Secretary of Education and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to provide assistance for the creation and support of regional centers for the utilization of educational technologies (ETU Centers).  Allows ETU Centers to be established at any institution of higher education, and to include the participation of non-profit entities and organizations. 
Requires ETU Centers to enhance the use of educational technologies in elementary and secondary education through: (1) advising school administrators, school boards, and teachers on adopting and using new educational technologies and the usefulness of local schools' existing educational technology assets and infrastructure; (2) participation of individuals from the private sector, universities, State and local governments, and other Federal agencies; (3) active dissemination of technical and management information about the use of educational technologies; and (4) appropriate use of the expertise and capabilities that exist in Federal laboratories and Federal agencies. 
Requires ETU Centers' activities to include: (1) active transfer and dissemination of research findings and ETU Center expertise to local school authorities; (2) training teachers in integrating schools' existing educational technology infrastructure into their instructional design; (3) training and advising teachers, administrators, and school board members in acquiring, using, and supporting educational technologies; (4) support services to teachers, administrators, and school board members; and (5) advising teachers, administrators, and school board members on current skill set standards employed by private industry. 
Sets forth requirements for program administration and application and selection procedures.  Allows any undergraduate institution of higher education, consortia of such institutions and non-profit organizations to apply for financial support in accordance with the procedures.  Requires each applicant to provide adequate assurances that it will contribute 50 percent or more of the proposed ETU Center's capital and annual operating and maintenance costs. 
Requires the NSF Director, in conjunction with the Secretary of Education and the NIST Director, to subject each application to competitive merit review, including specified considerations. Requires each ETU Center to be evaluated during its third year of operation.  Requires a positive evaluation for renewal of funding.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Orphan Works Act of 2006''.

SEC. 2. LIMITATION ON REMEDIES IN CASES INVOLVING ORPHAN WORKS.

    (a) Limitation on Remedies.--Chapter 5 of title 17, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 514. Limitation on remedies in cases involving orphan works
    ``(a) Limitation on Remedies.--
            ``(1) Conditions.--Notwithstanding sections 502 through 
        505, in an action brought under this title for infringement of 
        copyright in a work, the remedies for infringement shall be 
        limited under subsection (b) if the infringer sustains the 
        burden of proving, and the court finds, that--
                    ``(A) before the infringing use of the work began, 
                the infringer, a person acting on behalf of the 
                infringer, or any person jointly and severally liable 
                with the infringer for the infringement of the work--
                            ``(i) performed and documented a reasonably 
                        diligent search in good faith to locate the 
                        owner of the infringed copyright; but
                            ``(ii) was unable to locate the owner; and
                    ``(B) the infringing use of the work provided 
                attribution, in a manner reasonable under the 
                circumstances, to the author and owner of the 
                copyright, if known with a reasonable degree of 
                certainty based on information obtained in performing 
                the reasonably diligent search.
            ``(2) Definitions; requirements for searches.--
                    ``(A) Owner of infringed copyright.--For purposes 
                of paragraph (1), the `owner' of an infringed copyright 
                in a work is the legal or beneficial owner of, or any 
                party with authority to grant or license, an exclusive 
                right under section 106 applicable to the infringement.
                    ``(B) Requirements for reasonably diligent 
                search.--(i) For purposes of paragraph (1), a search to 
                locate the owner of an infringed copyright in a work--
                            ``(I) is `reasonably diligent' only if it 
                        includes steps that are reasonable under the 
                        circumstances to locate that owner in order to 
                        obtain permission for the use of the work; and
                            ``(II) is not `reasonably diligent' solely 
                        by reference to the lack of identifying 
                        information with respect to the copyright on 
                        the copy or phonorecord of the work.
                    ``(ii) The steps referred to in clause (i)(I) shall 
                ordinarily include, at a minimum, review of the 
                information maintained by the Register of Copyrights 
                under subparagraph (C).
                    ``(iii) A reasonably diligent search includes the 
                use of reasonably available expert assistance and 
                reasonably available technology, which may include, if 
                reasonable under the circumstances, resources for which 
                a charge or subscription fee is imposed.
                    ``(C) Information to guide searches.--The Register 
                of Copyrights shall receive, maintain, and make 
                available to the public, including through the 
                Internet, information from authoritative sources, such 
                as industry guidelines, statements of best practices, 
                and other relevant documents, that is designed to 
                assist users in conducting and documenting a reasonably 
                diligent search under this subsection. Such information 
                may include--
                            ``(i) the records of the Copyright Office 
                        that are relevant to identifying and locating 
                        copyright owners;
                            ``(ii) other sources of copyright ownership 
                        information reasonably available to users;
                            ``(iii) methods to identify copyright 
                        ownership information associated with a work;
                            ``(iv) sources of reasonably available 
                        technology tools and reasonably available 
                        expert assistance; and
                            ``(v) best practices for documenting a 
                        reasonably diligent search.
    ``(b) Limitations on Remedies.--The limitations on remedies in a 
case to which subsection (a) applies are the following:
            ``(1) Monetary relief.--
                    ``(A) General rule.--Subject to subparagraph (B), 
                an award for monetary relief (including actual damages, 
                statutory damages, costs, and attorney's fees) may not 
                be made, other than an order requiring the infringer to 
                pay reasonable compensation for the use of the 
                infringed work.
                    ``(B) Exceptions.--(i) An order requiring the 
                infringer to pay reasonable compensation for the use of 
                the infringed work may not be made under subparagraph 
                (A) if--
                            ``(I) the infringement is performed without 
                        any purpose of direct or indirect commercial 
                        advantage and primarily for a charitable, 
                        religious, scholarly, or educational purpose, 
                        and
                            ``(II) the infringer ceases the 
                        infringement expeditiously after receiving 
                        notice of the claim for infringement,
                unless the copyright owner proves, and the court finds, 
                that the infringer has earned proceeds directly 
                attributable to the infringement.
                    ``(ii) If the infringer fails to negotiate in good 
                faith with the owner of the infringed work regarding 
                the amount of reasonable compensation for the use of 
                the infringed work, the court may award full costs, 
                including a reasonable attorney's fee, against the 
                infringer under section 505, subject to section 412.
            ``(2) Injunctive relief.--
                    ``(A) General rule.--Subject to subparagraph (B), 
                the court may impose injunctive relief to prevent or 
                restrain the infringing use, except that, if the 
                infringer has met the requirements of subsection (a), 
                the relief shall, to the extent practicable, account 
                for any harm that the relief would cause the infringer 
                due to its reliance on having performed a reasonably 
                diligent search under subsection (a).
                    ``(B) Special rule for new works.--In a case in 
                which the infringer recasts, transforms, adapts, or 
                integrates the infringed work with the infringer's 
                original expression in a new work of authorship, the 
                court may not, in granting injunctive relief, restrain 
                the infringer's continued preparation or use of that 
                new work, if the infringer--
                            ``(i) pays reasonable compensation to the 
                        owner of the infringed copyright for the use of 
                        the infringed work; and
                            ``(ii) provides attribution to the owner of 
                        the infringed copyright in a manner that the 
                        court determines is reasonable under the 
                        circumstances.
                    ``(C) Treatment of parties not subject to suit.--
                The limitations on remedies under this paragraph shall 
                not be available to an infringer that asserts in an 
                action under section 501(b) that neither it nor its 
                representative acting in an official capacity is 
                subject to suit in Federal court for an award of 
                damages to the copyright owner under section 504, 
                unless the court finds that such infringer has-- 
                            ``(i) complied with the requirements of 
                        subsection (a) of this section;
                            ``(ii) made a good faith offer of 
                        compensation that was rejected by the copyright 
                        owner; and
                            ``(iii) affirmed in writing its willingness 
                        to pay such compensation to the copyright owner 
                        upon the determination by the court that such 
                        compensation was reasonable under paragraph (3) 
                        of this subsection.
                    ``(D) Construction.--Nothing in subparagraph (C) 
                shall be deemed to authorize or require, and no action 
                taken pursuant to subparagraph (C) shall be deemed to 
                constitute, an award of damages by the court against 
                the infringer.
                    ``(E) Rights and privileges not waived.--No action 
                taken by an infringer pursuant to subparagraph (C) 
                shall be deemed to waive any right or privilege that, 
                as a matter of law, protects such infringer from being 
                subject to suit in Federal court for an award of 
                damages to the copyright owner under section 504.
            ``(3) Reasonable compensation.--In establishing reasonable 
        compensation under paragraph (1) or (2), the owner of the 
        infringed copyright has the burden of establishing the amount 
        on which a reasonable willing buyer and a reasonable willing 
        seller in the positions of the owner and the infringer would 
        have agreed with respect to the infringing use of the work 
        immediately before the infringement began.
    ``(c) Preservation of Other Rights, Limitations, and Defense.--This 
section does not affect any right, limitation, or defense to copyright 
infringement, including fair use, under this title. If another 
provision of this title provides for a statutory license when the 
copyright owner cannot be located, that provision applies in lieu of 
this section.
    ``(d) Copyright for Derivative Works.--Notwithstanding section 
103(a), the infringing use of a work in accordance with this section 
shall not limit or affect the copyright protection for a work that uses 
the infringed work.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 5 of 
title 17, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following new item:

``514. Limitation on remedies in cases involving orphan works''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply only to infringing uses that commence on or after June 1, 2008.

SEC. 3. REPORT TO CONGRESS ON AMENDMENTS.

    The Register of Copyrights shall, not later than December 12, 2014, 
report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate on the 
implementation and effects of the amendments made by section 2, 
including any recommendations for legislative changes that the Register 
considers appropriate.

SEC. 4. INQUIRY ON REMEDIES FOR SMALL COPYRIGHT CLAIMS.

    (a) In General.--The Register of Copyrights shall conduct an 
inquiry with respect to remedies for copyright infringement claims 
seeking limited amounts of monetary relief, including consideration of 
alternatives to disputes currently heard in the United States district 
courts. The inquiry shall cover infringement claims to which section 
514 of title 17, United States Code (as added by section 2 of this 
Act), apply, and other infringement claims under title 17, United 
States Code.
    (b) Procedures.--The Register of Copyrights shall publish notice of 
the inquiry under subsection (a), providing a period during which 
interested persons may submit comments on the inquiry, and an 
opportunity for interested persons to participate in public roundtables 
on the inquiry. The Register shall hold the public roundtables at such 
times as the Register considers appropriate.
    (c) Report to Congress.--The Register of Copyrights shall, not 
later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, prepare 
and submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate a 
report on the inquiry conducted under this section, including such 
recommendations that the Register considers appropriate.
[EX A]: Orphan Works Act of 2006 - Limits the remedies available in a copyright infringement action if the infringer proves that: (1) the infringer performed and documented a reasonably diligent search in good faith to locate the copyright owner before using the work, but was unable to locate the owner; and (2) the infringing use of the work provided attribution to the author and owner of the copyright, if known.

Requires the Register of Copyrights to make information available from authoritative sources to assist users in conducting and documenting a reasonably diligent search.

Permits an award of reasonable compensation for the use of the infringed work, except if: (1) the infringement is performed without any commercial advantage and for primarily a charitable, religious, scholarly, or educational purpose; and (2) the infringer ceases the infringement expeditiously after receiving notice of the claim for infringement.

Allows the court to impose injunctive relief to prevent or restrain the infringing use, but such relief shall account for harm caused to the infringer due to reliance on having performed a reasonably diligent search. Prohibits the court from imposing injunctive relief that restrains the continued preparation or use of a new work that recasts, transforms, adapts, or integrates the infringed work with the infringer's original expression in a new work of authorship if the infringer pays reasonable compensation and provides attribution to the copyright owner.

Requires the Register of Copyrights to conduct an inquiry with respect to remedies for copyright infringement claims seeking limited amounts of monetary relief, including consideration of alternatives to disputes currently heard in the U.S. district courts.

[EX Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Stop Canadian Trash Act''.

SEC. 2. CUSTOMS USER FEES FOR COMMERCIAL TRUCKS TRANSPORTING FOREIGN 
              MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE.

    (a) In General.--Section 13031 of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget 
Reconciliation Act of 1985 (19 U.S.C. 58c) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2), by inserting ``or $500 if such 
        truck is transporting foreign municipal solid waste'' before 
        the end period;
            (2) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``No fee'' and 
        inserting ``Except for the fee charged for each arrival of a 
        commercial truck that is transporting foreign municipal solid 
        waste, no fee''; and
            (3) in subsection (b)(7), by striking ``No fee'' and 
        inserting ``Except for the fee charged for each arrival of a 
        commercial truck that is transporting foreign municipal solid 
        waste, no fee''.
    (b) Definitions.--Subsection (c) of such section is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(6) Foreign municipal solid waste.--The term `foreign 
        municipal solid waste' means municipal solid waste generated 
        outside of the customs territory of the United States.
            ``(7) Municipal solid waste.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `municipal solid waste' 
                means--
                            ``(i) all waste materials, collected or 
                        handled by any means, discarded for disposal by 
                        households, including single and multifamily 
                        residences, hotels, and motels; and
                            ``(ii) all waste materials, collected or 
                        handled by any means, discarded for disposal 
                        that were generated by commercial, 
                        institutional, municipal, or industrial 
                        sources, including--
                                    ``(I) rubbish;
                                    ``(II) food;
                                    ``(III) yard waste;
                                    ``(IV) paper;
                                    ``(V) clothing;
                                    ``(VI) appliances;
                                    ``(VII) consumer product packaging;
                                    ``(VIII) disposable diapers;
                                    ``(IX) office supplies;
                                    ``(X) cosmetics;
                                    ``(XI) glass and metal food 
                                containers;
                                    ``(XII) household hazardous waste;
                                    ``(XIII) debris resulting from 
                                construction; and
                                    ``(XIV) remodeling, repair, or 
                                demolition of structures.
                    ``(B) Exception.--The term `municipal solid waste' 
                does not include any of the following:
                            ``(i) Any solid waste identified or listed 
                        as a hazardous waste under section 3001 of the 
                        Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6921), 
                        except for household hazardous waste.
                            ``(ii) Any solid waste, including 
                        contaminated soil and debris, resulting from a 
                        response to a release or threatened release of 
                        a hazardous substance which, had such response 
                        occurred within the United States, would 
                        constitute--
                                    ``(I) a response action taken under 
                                section 104 or 106 of the Comprehensive 
                                Environmental Response, Compensation, 
                                and Liability Act (42 U.S.C. 9604 and 
                                9606); or
                                    ``(II) a response action taken 
                                under a State law with authorities 
                                comparable to the authorities of such 
                                section 104 or 106.
                            ``(iii) Recyclable materials that have been 
                        separated, at the source of the waste, from 
                        waste otherwise destined for disposal or that 
                        have been managed separately from waste 
                        destined for disposal.
                            ``(iv) Any waste being used solely as 
                        feedstock for the purpose of alternative energy 
                        production.
                            ``(v) Any medical waste that is segregated 
                        from or not mixed with solid waste.
                            ``(vi) Solid waste generated incident to 
                        the provision of service in interstate, 
                        intrastate, foreign, or overseas air 
                        transportation.''.

SEC. 3. INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED TO CUSTOMS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
promulgate regulations requiring each importer of foreign municipal 
solid waste (as defined section 13031(c) of the Consolidated Omnibus 
Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (19 U.S.C. 58c(c))) to provide, with 
respect to each truck carrying foreign municipal solid waste that 
enters the customs territory of the United States, the following 
information:
            (1) The cubic feet of the foreign municipal solid waste in 
        the truck.
            (2) The specific type and content of such waste.
            (3) Any other information the Secretary of Homeland 
        Security deems appropriate.
    (b) Penalties.--Any person who fails to provide, or falsifies, the 
information required by this section, or any regulation issued under 
this section, shall, in addition to any other civil or criminal penalty 
that may be imposed under title 18, United States Code, under title 42, 
United States Code, or under any other provision of law, be assessed a 
civil penalty by the Secretary of Homeland Security of not more than 
$10,000 for each such failure or falsification.
[EX A]:
Stop Canadian Trash Act - Amends the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 to require the Secretary of the Treasury to charge and collect a $500 fee for the provision of customs services for the arrival of a truck that is transporting foreign municipal solid waste.

Defines "municipal solid waste" to mean waste materials discarded for disposal by households or that were generated by commercial, institutional, municipal, or industrial sources, excluding certain hazardous waste, separated recyclable materials, waste being used solely as feedstock for alternative energy production, segregated medical waste, and solid waste generated incident to the provision of service in interstate, intrastate, foreign, or overseas air transportation.

 Directs the Secretary of Homeland Security (DHS) to require each importer of foreign municipal solid waste to provide, with respect to each truck carrying such waste into U.S. customs territory, the cubic feet, specific type, and content of such waste.

Establishes a civil penalty for each failure to provide or falsification of information required by this Act.