TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: Matousek developed a method for analyzing covered objects by taking the difference between two close measurements called the spatially-offset variety of spectroscopy named for this effect, which has another variety with competing explanations proposed by Albrecht and Creighton and by Jeanmaire and Van Duyne, and occurs on rough metal surfaces. Another form can, due to the properties of the Kramers-Heisenberg formula, dominate the x-ray fluorescence spectrum. This effect, which comes in the aforementioned surface-enhanced and resonance varieties, was discovered independently by Mandelstam and Landsburg. This process can be described as a photon exciting a molecule into a virtual energy state, and it sees energy either absorbed or released in its Stokes and anti-Stokes forms. For 10 points, name this process by which a photon is inelastically scattered.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: Early in his career he was forced to share power with John Carteret, but was eventually able to force his resignation. He spent time in jail for graft during a period of Tory ascendancy, but was most popular for his economic policies, including his establishment of the sinking fund to reduce the national debt, which he had also addressed with his resolution of the South Sea Bubble crisis. However, he was forced from office due to British failures in the early stages of the War of the Austrian Succession. FTP, who was this first official Prime Minister of Britain

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: At one point during this work, one of the title figures delivers a monologue in which he laments that hes "not old enough to do without women, and not young enough to go and look for one without shame. " In the second act, one figure acts out the real life incident in which her father attempted to hire her as a prostitute for Madame Pace, and the two younger children will say nothing as long as another character is not present. As this work opens, the titular figures are preparing to rehearse the play Mixing It Up, and it ends with The Boy's suicide while The Manager concludes, "Pretence Reality To hell with it all!... I've lost a whole day over these people. " FTP, identify this play about dramatic creations that demand a creator, written by Luigi Pirandello.

SOLUTION:
Literature