TASK DEFINITION: Generate an explanation for the given claim using the provided supporting material from the paragraph. Please consider the following points while generating an output. 1) The claim will always have supporting proof in the paragraph, and the paragraph will have a clear point of view supporting the claim. 2) There can be instances where direct correlation to the claim is not available. Make use of the sentences in the paragraph to provide a corresponding output supporting the claim. 3) The explanation should be at least one and at most twelve sentences long.
PROBLEM: Paragraph: There is also the revival of the humble foam roller, which experts say, like old-time push-ups, squats and planks, has never been more popular. Anita Golden, fitness manager at a Crunch gym in New York City, said she’ll be giving clients a foam roller called the GRID. “We’ve always had foam rollers in the club but now more people are using them as a way to ease post-workout muscles, prevent injuries and exercise the core,” Golden said. When it comes to big-ticket items, Colleen Logan of Icon Health and Fitness, which manufactures a number of fitness brands, said the treadmill remains the most popular gift. “Treadmills continue to lead the industry in terms of home fitness purchases,” said Logan. They account for about 57 percent of fitness purchases, while elliptical trainers and stationary bicycles are a distant second and third place at about 8 percent each. The average home treadmill costs about $700, said Logan, but the technology revolution has transformed even this stalwart at the high end. The ultimate splurge, at $4,000, she said, is the Boston Marathon Treadmill, which allows users to adjust speed in 1/10 of a mile per hour increments without touching the console. It also lets users run a virtual Boston Marathon. For people on a smaller budget, there is the iFit app that lets the iPhone capture a favorite vacation run or bike ride in Hawaii, store it in data centers all over the world which collectively are referred to as the “cloud,” and download it to an iFit-enabled treadmill at home. “You’ll view the exact route and experience the same terrain again,” Logan explained. Devices, gadgets and apps proliferate as tech-savvy fitness becomes more accessible, according to Jessica Matthews of the American Council on Exercise (ACE). “There’s a lot of interest in on-body monitoring devices as ways to motivate and track progress,” she said. “They run the gamut from basic devices to track hours, steps, and caloric expenditure to full-body tracking.”  Nike+ Sportsband has a series of small lights on the wrist band that change from red to green as the runner nears his goal, while the BodyMedia FIT Armband tracks everything from the number of calories burned to the quality and quantity of sleep. ACE also studied fitness DVDs released for the holidays. “We evaluated them for quality of instruction, safety, effectiveness and design of workout,” Matthews said. Among the best were “Amy Dixon’s Breathless Body Vol.2: The Edge.” Matthews called it a challenging cardio workout best suited to those on your list with “an established base of fitness.”  “Jessica Smith’s 10 Pounds Down Better Body Blast” also got a thumbs up for its well-rounded routine and clarity of instruction. For people seeking a mind-body approach, Matthews praised “STOTT Pilates Intense Body Blast: Pilates Interval Training: Level I,” which she said is accessible for someone new to fitness. “They do a great job queuing movements and creating flow,” she said. Richard Cotton of the American College of Sports Medicine suggests giving the fitness novice the gift of a personal trainer. “The best is human assistance,” he said. “Another way is a beginner group exercise class.”  He also suggests a gift certificate for shoes at a running store equipped with a treadmill. “You need shoes that fit your gait,” he said. “People should always get their gait analyzed.”  Golden likes to cite the law of reciprocity to the personal trainers she manages. “I always tell them to get their clients something,” she said. And what does the personal trainer want for Christmas? “I like the roller, or a new jump rope,” she said. “Fitness people aren’t hard to please. Get me a new yoga mat and I’m happy.” Claim: Holiday fitness gifts trend from high-tech to basic.

SOLUTION: Looking for the perfect holiday present for a fitness fan? Gift offerings this year range from apps that can store a run in the country to be viewed later to gadgets so sophisticated they measure quality of sleep as well as calories burned.

PROBLEM: Paragraph: This study was published in December, 2007 in        the Journal of Environmental Health. It was co-authored by Anne        LaGrange Loving and John Perz. The authors collected 76 lemon slices from 21 restaurants on 43 visits in        Patterson, New Jersey. They swabbed both the lemon slice and the        glass on which the slice had been placed and immediately after the glass        had been brought to them. The result was that they found        contamination on both the flesh and the rind of most of the lemon wedges,        although they did not research how it got there. Some of it could        have arrived with the fruit from the field, some of it could have been        through contamination from the hands of employees. Some of it could        have been from contaminated work surfaces. The U.S. Food and Drug        Administration conducted a study in 2004 of both fast food and full        service restaurants. The conclusion was that there was poor personal        hygiene on the part of employees at 31 percent of the fast food        restaurants and more than 41 percent of the full service restaurants. Comments Claim:  The forwarded email appears to be an article        featuring the findings of microbiologist Anne LaGrange Loving who found        that two-thirds of the lemons tested from 21 restaurants were contaminated        with bacteria when added as slices to beverages.   

SOLUTION: Contaminated Lemon Slices in Restaurants 

PROBLEM: Paragraph: Images that appeared on the Internet in early 2005 were photographs of a 10-month-old Egyptian girl named Manar Maged who was born with craniopagus parasiticus, a very rare birth defect that develops when an embryo starts to split into identical twins but does not complete the process. Often the second, undeveloped twin forms as an extra limb or trunk, but in Magar’s extremely unusual case it formed as a second head attached to her skull. The twin could blink and smile but was not capable of independent life:    On 19 February 2005, Manar underwent a 13-hour operation performed by a 13-member surgical team to remove her conjoined twin. As of  mid-April 2005, Reuters reported that Manar had been transferred out of intensive care and was eating normally:  “She has been transferred to ordinary care two weeks ago and she is showing good signs of improvement as she can eat normally without the aid of a tube,” said Abla el-Alfy, a consultant in the paediatric intensive care at Benha Children’s Hospital, north of Cairo. She said Manar’s mother was allowed to have direct contact with her baby after being separated for almost two months after the operation on Feb. 19. “Manar is bonding well with her mother,” Alfy said. Doctors have said Manar’s case was extremely rare and just surviving the operation was a big achievement. “I think she will be able to leave hospital as soon as we feel that her mother is capable of taking care of her,” said Alfy, adding that Maged’s medication was being reduced. Manar had five subsequent surgeries to insert valves to drain excess fluid from her brain. Unfortunately, on 25 March 2006, a little over a year after her original surgery, and just days shy of what would have been her 2nd birthday, Manar Maged died. During the few hours she was in the hospital prior to her death, she was found to be suffering from a brain infection, pneumonia, and heart trouble. Her condition deteriorated rapidly after she failed to respond to medication. Claim: Photographs show an infant Egyptian girl with a second head.

SOLUTION:
There had been ten previous surgical cases like Maged’s, but she was the only one to survive the procedure.