Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: To study the presence of citrullinated proteins in inflammatory conditions and in clinically non-affected tissues of controls.', 'Synovial biopsy specimens from 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 10 healthy controls were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, muscle tissue from 5 patients with polymyositis and from 7 healthy controls, intestinal tissue from macroscopically affected and non-affected areas from 10 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and tonsil tissues from 4 chronically inflamed tonsils were studied.', 'Citrullinated proteins were present in all synovial biopsy specimens from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, whereas only three of 10 healthy synovial biopsy specimens showed scarce amounts of citrullination. Citrullination was also present in all myositis-affected muscles, whereas it was absent in the muscle tissues of controls. All tonsil biopsy specimens studied were positive for citrulline. Even though more frequently detected in the macroscopically affected colonic areas, no marked difference was observed in the pattern or extent of citrullination between the macroscopically affected and non-affected intestinal IBD tissues.

A: 1
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Q: The authors set out to analyze if a simple comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) could objectively identify elderly patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) who can be effectively treated with anthracycline-containing immunochemotherapy.', 'CGA was performed in 84 consecutive patients with DLCL aged >65 years and diagnosed at a single institution. Treatment with curative versus palliative intent was chosen according to clinical judgment. Cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, Oncovin (vincristine), and prednisone (CHOP) or CHOP-like regimens were given to 62 (74%) patients. The outcome of patients was analyzed according to both the treatment received and the results of CGA.', 'According to CGA, 42 (50%) patients were classified as "fit." They were younger (P < .0001) and had less frequent systemic symptoms (P = .03). These patients received curative treatment by clinical judgment. Their response rate (92.5% vs 48.8%; P < .0001) and median survival (not reached vs 8 months; P < .0001) were significantly better than those of 42 patients considered "unfit" by CGA. Among unfit patients, 20 had actually received curative and 22 palliative therapy. These subgroups did not differ in any geriatric or lymphoma-related characteristic. Their outcome was similar irrespectively of the type of treatment received (median survival, 8 vs 7 months; P = nonsignificant). Lymphoma rather than toxicity was the main cause of failure/death also among unfit patients treated aggressively.

A: 0
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Q: Microchimerism may play a part in transfusion complications. The aim of this study was to examine whether establishment of post-transfusion microchimerism was related to leukocyte content.', 'Twenty non-pregnant female patients, without known malignant or immunological diseases, mean age 68 years, receiving 2-4 units of red blood cell concentrates during elective surgery, were included. One or two of the units were from male donors. Ten patients received buffy-coat depleted red blood cell concentrates, leukocyte count 108-109 per unit, and 10 patients received red blood cells leukoreduced by prestorage leukocyte filtration, with a leukocyte count of <106 per unit. EDTA samples were collected in vacuum tubes before and after 1 week and 6 months after transfusion. The tubes were frozen and stored at -400 degrees C. Genomic DNA was isolated and PCR performed using four primer sets amplifying markers on the Y-chromosome.', 'Microchimerism was detected in a total of eight out of the 20 patients. In three patients microchimerism was detected only before transfusion. These patients had given birth to one or two boys each, and had no history of previous transfusion. Two patients receiving buffy-coat depleted red blood cell concentrates and two patients receiving leukoreduced red blood cell concentrates had detectable microchimerism 1 week after transfusion. The age of the transfused red blood cell concentrates was 6, 24, 8 and 7 days, respectively. One patient receiving leukoreduced red blood cell concentrates had detectable microchimerism after 6 months. The age of this concentrate was 22 days.

A:
0
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