In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
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Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Wind Energy Research and Development 
Act of 2009''.

SEC. 2. WIND ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall carry out a program 
of research and development to--
            (1) improve the energy efficiency, reliability, and 
        capacity of wind turbines;
            (2) optimize the design and adaptability of wind energy 
        systems to the broadest practical range of atmospheric 
        conditions; and
            (3) reduce the cost of construction, generation, and 
        maintenance of wind energy systems.
    (b) Program.--The program under this section shall focus on 
research and development of--
            (1) new materials and designs to make larger, lighter, less 
        expensive, and more reliable rotor blades;
            (2) technologies to improve gearbox performance and 
        reliability;
            (3) automation, materials, and assembly of large-scale 
        components to reduce manufacturing costs;
            (4) low-cost transportable towers greater than 100 meters 
        in height to capitalize on improved wind conditions at higher 
        elevations;
            (5) advanced computational modeling tools to improve--
                    (A) the reliability of aeroelastic simulations of 
                wind energy systems;
                    (B) understanding of the interaction between each 
                wind turbine component;
                    (C) siting of wind energy systems to maximize 
                efficiency and minimize variable generation;
                    (D) integration of wind energy systems into the 
                existing electric grid to ensure reliability; and
                    (E) understanding of the wake effect between upwind 
                and downwind turbine operations;
            (6) advanced control systems and blade sensors to improve 
        performance and reliability under a wide variety of wind 
        conditions;
            (7) advanced generators, including--
                    (A) medium-speed and low-speed generators;
                    (B) direct-drive technology; and
                    (C) the use of advanced magnets in generator 
                rotors;
            (8) wind technology for offshore applications;
            (9) methods to assess and mitigate the effects of wind 
        energy systems on radar and electromagnetic fields;
            (10) wind turbines with a maximum electric power production 
        capacity of 100 kilowatts or less;
            (11) technical processes to enable--
                    (A) scalability of transmission from remotely 
                located renewable resource rich areas; and
                    (B) optimization of advanced infrastructure design, 
                including high voltage transmission; and
            (12) other research areas as determined by the Secretary.

SEC. 3. WIND ENERGY DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall conduct a wind 
energy demonstration program. In carrying out this section, the 
Secretary shall ensure that--
            (1) the program is of sufficient size and geographic 
        diversity to measure wind energy system performance under the 
        full productive range of wind conditions in the United States;
            (2) demonstration projects carried out under this program 
        are--
                    (A) conducted in collaboration with industry and, 
                as appropriate, with academic institutions; and
                    (B) located in various geographic areas 
                representing various wind class regimes; and
            (3) data collected from demonstration projects carried out 
        under this program is useful for carrying out section 2(b).
    (b) Cost-Sharing.--The Secretary shall carry out the program under 
this section in compliance with section 988(a) through (d) and section 
989 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16352(a) through (d) 
and 16353).

SEC. 4. EQUAL OPPORTUNITY.

    In carrying out this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall--
            (1) coordinate with the Office of Minority Economic Impact 
        and with the Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business 
        Utilization; and
            (2) provide special consideration to applications submitted 
        by institutions, businesses, or entities containing majority 
        representation by individuals identified in section 33 or 34 of 
        the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 
        1885a or 1885b).

SEC. 5. COMPETITIVE AWARDS.

    Awards under section 2 and section 3 shall be made on a competitive 
basis with an emphasis on technical merit.

SEC. 6. COORDINATION AND NONDUPLICATION.

    To the maximum extent practicable the Secretary of Energy shall 
coordinate activities under this Act with other programs of the 
Department of Energy and other Federal research programs.

SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy 
to carry out this Act $200,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2010 
through 2014.

            Passed the House of Representatives September 9, 2009.

            Attest:

                                            LORRAINE C. MILLER,

                                                                 Clerk.

Answer: Wind Energy Research and Development Act of 2009 - Directs the Secretary of Energy to carry out a research and development program to: (1) improve the energy efficiency, reliability, and capacity of wind turbines; (2) optimize the design and adaptability of wind energy systems to the broadest practical range of atmospheric conditions; and (3) reduce the cost of construction, generation, and maintenance of such systems.





Directs the Secretary to conduct a wind energy demonstration program to measure wind energy system performance under the full productive range of wind conditions in the United States.

Requires awards under such programs to be made on a competitive basis with an emphasis on technical merit.

Requires the Secretary, in carrying out this Act, to: (1) coordinate with the Office of Minority Economic Impact and with the Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization; and (2) provide special consideration to applications submitted by institutions, businesses, or entities containing majority representation of women, minorities, or persons with disabilities in science and engineering.

Authorizes appropriations.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Trade Complaint and Litigation 
Accountability Improvement Measures Act'' or the ``Trade CLAIM Act''.

SEC. 2. REVIEW OF DETERMINATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE 
              REPRESENTATIVE BY THE COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE.

    Section 1581 of title 28, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (i)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
                striking ``subsections (a)-(h)'' and inserting 
                ``subsections (a)-(h) and (k)''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by striking ``subsections 
                (a)-(h)'' and inserting ``subsections (a)-(h) and 
                (k)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) The Court of International Trade shall have exclusive 
jurisdiction of any civil action commenced by a petitioner requesting 
that the United States Trade Representative take action under section 
301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2411) to review de novo any 
determination, finding, or action of the United States Trade 
Representative under section 301(a), 302(a)(2), 304(a)(1), 
305(a)(2)(A)(ii), 306(b), or 307(a)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 
U.S.C. 2411(a), 2412(a)(2), 2414(a)(1), 2415(a)(2)(A)(ii), 2416(b), and 
2417(a)(1)).''.

SEC. 3. CONSIDERATION BY THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE OF 
              PETITIONS TO ENFORCE UNITED STATES TRADE RIGHTS.

    (a) Actions by United States Trade Representative.--Section 301 of 
the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2411) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1) in the flush text at the end, 
                by striking ``, subject to the specific direction, if 
                any, of the President regarding any such action,''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``in any case in which'' and 
                        inserting ``if'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A)(ii)(II), by 
                        striking ``; or'' and inserting a semicolon; 
                        and
                            (iii) by striking subparagraph (B) and 
                        inserting the following:
                    ``(B) the foreign country has--
                            ``(i) agreed to imminently eliminate the 
                        act, policy, or practice, or
                            ``(ii) agreed to a solution to imminently 
                        relieve the burden or restriction on United 
                        States commerce resulting from the act, policy, 
                        or practice;
                    ``(C) the Trade Representative finds that it is 
                impossible for the foreign country to achieve the 
                results described in subparagraph (B), but the foreign 
                country agrees to provide to the United States 
                compensatory trade benefits that are equivalent in 
                value to the burden or restriction on United States 
                commerce resulting from the acts, policy, or practice;
                    ``(D) in extraordinary cases, the Trade 
                Representative finds that the taking of action under 
                this subsection would have an adverse impact on the 
                United States economy substantially out of proportion 
                to the benefits of such action, taking into account the 
                impact of not taking such action on the credibility of 
                the provisions of this chapter; or
                    ``(E) the Trade Representative finds that the 
                taking of action under this subsection would cause 
                serious harm to the national security of the United 
                States.''; and
            (2) in subsection (c)(1)(D)--
                    (A) by amending clauses (i) and (ii) to read as 
                follows:
                            ``(i) imminently eliminate the act, policy, 
                        or practice that is the subject of the action 
                        to be taken under subsection (a) or (b),
                            ``(ii) imminently relieve the burden or 
                        restriction on United States commerce resulting 
                        from the act, policy, or practice, or''; and
                    (B) by amending subclause (I) of clause (iii) to 
                read as follows:
                                    ``(I) are equivalent in value to 
                                the burden or restriction on United 
                                States commerce resulting from the act, 
                                policy, or practice, and''.
    (b) Initiation of Investigations.--Section 302 of the Trade Act of 
1974 (19 U.S.C. 2412) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking the period and 
        inserting ``based on whether the petitioner has alleged facts 
        that, if assumed to be true, would meet the criteria set forth 
        in section 301(a)(1).''; and
            (2) in subsection (c), by striking ``(a) or''.
    (c) Consultations.--Section 303 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 
2413) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking ``mutually acceptable 
        resolution'' and inserting ``resolution acceptable to the Trade 
        Representative, the foreign country, and the petitioner (if 
        any)''; and
            (2) in subsection (b)(1)(A), by striking ``after consulting 
        with'' and inserting ``with the consent of''.
    (d) Implementation of Actions.--Section 305(a)(1) of the Trade Act 
of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2415(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``, subject to 
the specific direction, if any, of the President regarding any such 
action,''.
    (e) Monitoring of Foreign Compliance.--Section 306(b) of the Trade 
Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2416(b)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``the Trade 
        Representative considers'' and inserting ``the Trade 
        Representative or the petitioner (if any) considers''; and
            (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``the Trade 
        Representative considers'' and inserting ``the Trade 
        Representative or the petitioner (if any) considers''.
    (f) Modification and Termination of Action.--Section 307(a)(1) of 
the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2417(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``, 
subject to the specific direction, if any, of the President with 
respect to such action,''.

Answer: Trade Complaint and Litigation Accountability Improvement Measures Act or the Trade CLAIM Act - Amends the federal judicial code to grant the Court of International Trade exclusive jurisdiction of any civil action commenced by a petitioner requesting de novo review of a U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) decision concerning the enforcement of U.S. trade rights.

Amends the Trade Act of 1974 to revise requirements concerning the enforcement of U.S. trade rights with respect to presidential authority and the responsibility of the USTR.

Permits the USTR to take further action to enforce U.S. rights, based on the USTR's monitoring, when a petitioner considers that the actions of a foreign country in implementing a measure have not been satisfactory.


Question: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Electronic Mailbox Protection Act of 
1997''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The Internet has increasingly become a critical mode of 
        global communication and now presents unprecedented 
        opportunities for the development and growth of global commerce 
        and an integrated worldwide economy.
            (2) In order for global commerce on the Internet to reach 
        its full potential, individuals and entities using the Internet 
        and other online services should be prevented from engaging in 
        activities that prevent other users and Internet service 
        providers from having a reasonably predictable, efficient, and 
        economical online experience.
            (3) Unsolicited electronic mail can be an important 
        mechanism through which commercial vendors, nonprofit 
        organizations, and other providers of services recruit members, 
        advertise, and attract customers in the online environment.
            (4) The receipt of unsolicited electronic mail may result 
        in undue monetary costs to recipients who cannot refuse to 
        accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such 
        mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and 
        discarding such mail, or for both.
            (5) Unsolicited electronic mail sent in bulk may impose 
        significant monetary costs on the Internet service providers, 
        businesses, and educational and non-profit institutions that 
        carry and receive such mail, as there is a finite volume of 
        mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can 
        handle at any one point in time. The sending of such mail is 
        increasingly and negatively affecting the quality of service 
        provided to customers of Internet service providers.
            (6) While many senders of bulk unsolicited electronic mail 
        provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or 
        ``opt-out'' of) receipt of unsolicited electronic mail from 
        such senders in the future, other senders provide no such 
        ``opt-out'' mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of 
        recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in 
        the future, or both.
            (7) An increasing number of senders of bulk unsolicited 
        electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mail 
        so as to prevent recipients from responding to such mail 
        quickly and easily.
            (8) Many senders of unsolicited electronic mail collect (or 
        ``harvest'') electronic mail addresses of potential recipients 
        without the knowledge of their intended recipients and in 
        violation of the rules or terms of service of the fora from 
        which such addresses are collected.
            (9) Because recipients of unsolicited electronic mail are 
        unable to avoid the receipt of such mail through reasonable 
        means, such mail may threaten the privacy of recipients. This 
        privacy threat is enhanced for recipients whose electronic mail 
        software or server alerts them to new mail as it arrives, as 
        unsolicited electronic mail thereby disrupts the normal 
        operation of the recipient's computer.
            (10) In legislating against certain abuses on the Internet, 
        Congress and the States should be very careful to avoid 
        infringing in any way upon constitutionally protected rights, 
        including the rights of assembly, free speech, and privacy.
            (11) In order to realize the full potential for online 
        electronic commerce, senders of bulk unsolicited electronic 
        mail should be required to abide by the requests of electronic 
        mail recipients, Internet service providers, businesses, and 
        educational and non-profit institutions to cease sending such 
        mail to such recipients, providers, businesses, and educational 
        and non-profit institutions.

SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON CERTAIN ACTIVITIES THAT MISAPPROPRIATE THE 
              RESOURCES OF ONLINE SERVICE PROVIDERS.

    (a) In General.--Whoever, in or affecting interstate or foreign 
commerce--
            (1) initiates the transmission of an unsolicited electronic 
        mail message from an unregistered or fictitious Internet 
        domain, or an unregistered or fictitious electronic mail 
        address, for the purpose of--
                    (A) preventing replies to such message through use 
                of a standard reply mechanism in the recipient's 
                electronic mail system; or
                    (B) preventing receipt of standard notices of non-
                delivery;
            (2) uses a computer program or other technical mechanism or 
        procedure to disguise the source of unsolicited electronic mail 
        messages for the purpose of preventing recipients, or recipient 
        interactive computer services, from implementing a mail 
        filtering tool to block the messages from reaching the intended 
        recipients;
            (3) initiates the transmission of an unsolicited electronic 
        mail message and fails to comply with the request of the 
        recipient of the message, made to the sender or the listserver 
        as appropriate, to cease sending electronic messages to the 
        recipient in the future;
            (4) distributes a collection or list of electronic mail 
        addresses, having been given prior notice that one or more of 
        the recipients identified by such addresses does not wish to 
        receive unsolicited electronic mail and knowing that the 
        recipient of such addresses intends to use such addresses for 
        the purpose of sending unsolicited electronic mail;
            (5) initiates the transmission of an unsolicited electronic 
        mail message to a recipient despite having been given prior 
        notice (either directly or through a standard method developed, 
        adopted, or modified by an Internet standard setting 
        organization (such as the Internet Engineering Task Force or 
        the World Wide Web Consortium) to better facilitate pre-emptive 
        consumer control over bulk unsolicited electronic mail) that 
        the recipient does not wish to receive such messages;
            (6) registers, creates, or causes to be created an Internet 
        domain or applies for, registers, or otherwise obtains the use 
        of an Internet electronic mail account for the sole or primary 
        purpose of initiating the transmission of an unsolicited 
        electronic mail message in contravention of paragraph (1) or 
        (2);
            (7) directs an unsolicited electronic mail message through 
        the server of an interactive computer service to one or more 
        subscribers of the interactive computer service, knowing that 
        such action is in contravention of the rules of the interactive 
        computer service with respect to bulk unsolicited electronic 
        mail messages;
            (8) knowing that such action is in contravention of the 
        rules of the interactive computer service concerned, accesses 
        the server of the interactive computer service and uses a 
        computer program to collect electronic mail addresses of 
        subscribers of the interactive computer service for the purpose 
        of sending such subscribers unsolicited electronic mail or 
        distributing such addresses knowing that the recipient of such 
        addresses intends to use such addresses for the purpose of 
        sending unsolicited electronic mail; or
            (9) initiates the transmission of bulk unsolicited 
        electronic mail messages and divides the mailing of such 
        messages into smaller mailings for the purpose of circumventing 
        another provision of this Act,
shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 per 
individual violation.
    (b) Enforcement.--The Federal Trade Commission shall have the 
authority to commence civil actions under subsection (a).

SEC. 4. RECOVERY OF CIVIL DAMAGES.

    (a) In General.--Any person whose interactive computer service or 
electronic mailbox is intentionally misused or infiltrated, or whose 
requests for cessation of electronic mail messages have been ignored, 
in violation of section 3 may in a civil action recover from the person 
or entity which engaged in that violation such relief as may be 
appropriate.
    (b) Relief.--In an action under this section, appropriate relief 
includes--
            (1) such preliminary and other equitable or declaratory 
        relief as may be appropriate;
            (2) actual monetary loss from a violation, statutory 
        damages of not more than $500 for each violation, and, if the 
        court finds that the defendant's actions were particularly 
        egregious, willful, or knowing violations of section 3, the 
        court may, in its discretion, increase the amount of an award 
        to an amount equal to not more than 10 times the amount 
        available hereunder; and
            (3) a reasonable attorney's fee and other litigation costs 
        reasonably incurred.

SEC. 5. STATE LAW.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed to prevent any State from 
enforcing any State law that is consistent with this Act. No cause of 
action may be brought and no liability may be imposed under any State 
or local law that is inconsistent with this Act.

SEC. 6. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION STUDY INTO EFFECTS OF UNSOLICITED 
              ELECTRONIC MAIL.

    Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
the Federal Trade Commission shall submit to Congress a report 
detailing the effectiveness of, enforcement of, and the need, if any, 
for Congress to modify the provisions of this Act.

SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Bulk unsolicited electronic mail message.--The term 
        ``bulk unsolicited electronic mail message'' means any 
        substantially identical unsolicited electronic mail message 
        with 25 or more intended recipients.
            (2) Electronic mail address.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``electronic mail 
                address'' means a destination (commonly expressed as a 
                string of characters) to which electronic mail can be 
                sent or delivered.
                    (B) Inclusion.--In the case of the Internet, the 
                term ``electronic mail address'' may include an 
                electronic mail address consisting of a user name or 
                mailbox (commonly referred to as the ``local part'') 
                and a reference to an Internet domain (commonly 
                referred to as the ``domain part'').
            (3) Initiates the transmission.--The term ``initiates the 
        transmission'', in the case an electronic mail message, refers 
        to the action of the original sender of the message and not to 
        any intervening computer service that may handle or retransmit 
        the message, unless the intervening computer service 
        retransmits the message with an intent to engage in activities 
        prohibited by this Act.
            (4) Interactive computer service.--The term ``interactive 
        computer service'' has the meaning given that term in section 
        230(e)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
        230(e)(2)).
            (5) Internet.--The term ``Internet'' has the meaning given 
        that term in section 230(e)(1) of the Communications Act of 
        1934 (47 U.S.C. 230(e)(1)).
            (6) Internet domain.--The term ``Internet domain'' refers 
        to a specific computer system (commonly referred to as a 
        ``host'') or collection of computer systems attached to or able 
        to be referenced from the Internet which are assigned a 
        specific reference point on the Internet (commonly referred to 
        as the ``Internet domain name'') and registered with an 
        organization recognized by the computer industry as a 
        registrant of Internet domains.
            (7) Listserver.--The term ``listserver'' refers to a 
        computer program that provides electronic mailing list 
        management functions, including functions that allow 
        individuals to subscribe and unsubscribe to and from electronic 
        mailing lists.
            (8) Mail filtering tool.--The term ``mail filtering tool'' 
        means any computer program, procedure, or mechanism used by an 
        individual recipient or interactive computer service to block, 
        return, reroute, or otherwise screen or sort incoming 
        electronic mail messages.
            (9) Server.--The term ``server'' refers to any computer 
        that provides support or services of any kind, including 
        electronic mailboxes, to other computers (commonly referred to 
        as ``clients'').
            (10) Unsolicited electronic mail message.--The term 
        ``unsolicited electronic mail message'' means any electronic 
        mail other than electronic mail sent by persons to others with 
        whom they have a prior relationship, including a prior business 
        relationship, or mail sent by a source to recipients where such 
        recipients, or someone authorized by them, have at any time 
        affirmatively requested to receive communications from that 
        source.

SEC. 8. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    This provisions of this Act shall take effect 45 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act.

Answer:
Electronic Mailbox Protection Act of 1997 - Subjects to a $5,000 civil penalty any person who, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce:  (1) initiates the transmission of an unsolicited electronic mail message from an unregistered or fictitious electronic mail address to prevent replies through use of a standard reply mechanism in the recipient's electronic mail system or to prevent receipt of standard notices of non-delivery; (2) uses a technical mechanism or procedure to disguise the source of unsolicited electronic mail messages to prevent recipients or recipient interactive computers services from implementing a mail filtering tool to block the messages from reaching the intended recipients; (3) initiates the transmission of an unsolicited electronic mail message and fails to comply with the request of the recipient, made to the sender or listserver, to cease sending electronic messages to the recipient in the future; (4) distributes electronic mail addresses having been given prior notice that addressees do not wish to receive unsolicited electronic mail and knowing that the recipient of such addresses intends to use such addresses for that purpose; (5) initiates the transmission of an unsolicited electronic mail message to a recipient despite having been given prior notice that the recipient does not wish to receive such messages; (6) registers, creates, or causes to be created an Internet domain or obtains the use of an Internet electronic mail account for the purpose of initiating the transmission of an unsolicited electronic mail message in contravention of this Act; (7) directs an unsolicited electronic mail message through the server of an interactive computer service to subscribers of the interactive computer service, knowing that such action is in contravention of the rules of the interactive computer service with respect to bulk unsolicited electronic mail messages; (8) knowing that such action is in contravention of the rules of the interactive computer service concerned, accesses the server of the interactive computer service and uses a computer program to collect electronic mail addresses of subscribers to send unsolicited electronic mail or distributes such addresses knowing that the recipient intends to use the addresses to send unsolicited electronic mail; or (9) initiates the transmission of bulk unsolicited electronic mail messages and divides the mailing of such messages into smaller mailings to circumvent another provision of this Act. 
Vests authority in the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to commence civil actions under this Act. 
Sets forth provisions allowing recovery of civil damages for persons whose interactive computer service or electronic mailbox is intentionally misused or infiltrated, or whose requests for cessation of electronic mail messages have been ignored, in violation of this Act. 
Requires the FTC to report to the Congress on the effectiveness of, enforcement of, and the need, if any, for the Congress to modify the provisions of this Act.