Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: The relationship of bipolar disorder (BD) and altered thyroid function is increasingly recognized. Recently, a behavioral phenotype of co-occurring deviance on the Anxious/Depressed (A/D), Attention Problems (AP), and Aggressive Behavior (AB) syndrome scales has been identified as the Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP), which itself has been linked to BD. This study tested for differences in thyroid function within a sample of n=114 psychiatric children and adolescents with and without the CBCL-DP.', 'A CBCL-DP score was generated based on the composite of the crucial CBCL syndrome scales (A/D, AP, AB). Participants with a CBCL-DP score >or=2.5 SDs above average constituted the CBCL-DP subgroup (n=53). Those with CBCL-DP scores of 1 SD or less above average percentile were regarded as controls (n=61). Groups were compared regarding serum levels of TSH, fT3 and fT4.', 'In participants showing the CBCL-DP, basal serum TSH was elevated compared to controls. More CBCL-DP subjects than controls showed subclinical hypothyroidism. No differences were observed for serum fT3 and fT4 levels.
Example Output: Is severe affective and behavioral dysregulation in youth associated with increased serum TSH?

Example Input: Inadequate nutrition in very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants is known to be associated with growth failure and poor neurological outcomes. We aimed to investigate the association of early aggressive protein and energy intakes with weight gain and 18-month neurodevelopmental outcomes in VLBW infants.', "A total of 90 infants among 129 infants who survived to discharge were included and divided into two groups (early aggressive nutrition [n = 52] vs conventional nutrition [n = 38]). Clinical findings were compared between the two groups and daily protein and energy intakes were collected for the first 4 weeks of life. Multiple regression analyses tested the association between weekly protein or energy intakes and the result of each category of the Denver Developmental Screening Test II at 18 months' corrected age or weight gain.", "The early aggressive nutrition group had higher rates of normal language development and lower rates of growth failure (<10th percentile) at both 40 weeks' and 18 months' corrected age compared to the conventional nutrition group. After controlling for the confounding variables, higher first week protein and energy intakes each independently contributed to normal language development (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]; 9.4 [1.8-49.6] per 1\u2009g/kg of protein increase and 1.7 [1.1-2.8] per 10\u2009kcal/kg of energy increase). Higher first-week protein intake was associated with a higher weight at 40 weeks' corrected age (r = 0.41, P = 0.005).
Example Output: Does early aggressive nutrition enhance language development in very low-birthweight infants?

Example Input: Performance status [Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG)] is a physician-assigned score indicating a patient's fitness for treatment. Functional assessment of cancer therapy-esophagus (FACT-E) is a patient-reported, health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) instrument containing an oesophageal cancer subscale (ECS). Our objective was to assess the discriminative ability of pretreatment FACT-E and ECS when compared with performance status in predicting survival in patients with Stage II-III oesophageal cancer.", 'Patient data from four prospective studies were pooled together. These four studies included oesophageal patients who received chemoradiation either as neoadjuvant therapy or as definitive therapy. Three separate Cox regressions were performed considering FACT-E, ECS and ECOG as the main predictors, respectively. Receiver-operating characteristics analyses were performed.', 'Of the 120 curative intent patients, 39.8% (n = 51), 58.6% (n = 75) and 1.6% (n = 2) had ECOG 0, 1 and 2, respectively. On Cox regression analysis, pretreatment FACT-E (P = 0.04) and ECS (P = 0.004) but not ECOG (P = 0.27) were independently associated with overall survival. ECOG could not discriminate between survivors and non-survivors (P = 0.28) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.56 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45-0.66], whereas FACT-E (P = 0.02) and ECS (P < 0.001) were discriminative with AUC = 0.63 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and AUC = 0.69 (95% CI: 0.60-0.79), respectively.
Example Output:
Is pretreatment quality-of-life score a better discriminator of oesophageal cancer survival than performance status?