TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a sentence in the Japanese language and your task is to convert it into the English language. In translation, keep numbers as it is and make it sentence case (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and noun).
PROBLEM: この発見は脳のインシュリン信号を阻害するラットの遺伝子異常の研究によってなされた。

SOLUTION: The finding was made by studying a genetic abnormality in rats that blocks insulin signaling in the brain.

PROBLEM: 事前運動は特に激しいもので、最右翼のスイス国民党を除き、ほとんどの政党は賛成を呼びかけていた（一方、スイス国民党はカリスマ的な存在であるクリストフ・ブラッカーが同様に個人的に賛成を呼びかけていた）。

SOLUTION: The campaign was especially harsh, most governmental parties calling for acceptance, except the far-right wing Swiss People's Party (though Swiss People's Party's charismatic figure Christoph Blocher personally called for acceptance as well).

PROBLEM: 最大の二酸化炭素排出国であるアメリカと中国の2つの国に地球温暖化対策のため「最大の処置」をするよううながした。

SOLUTION:
He urged the two largest carbon-emitting countries - the United States and China - to make what he called the "boldest moves" to fight global warming.