instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Sunshine in Academic Admissions 
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Citizens and taxpayers have a right to know whether 
        federally funded institutions of higher education are treating 
        student applications differently depending on the student's 
        race, color, or national origin, and, if so, the way in which 
        these factors are weighted and the consequences to students and 
        prospective students of these decisions.
            (2) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 codified this 
        right, forbidding in statute discrimination on the basis of 
        race, color, or national origin by federally funded 
        institutions, which includes nearly all colleges and 
        universities.
            (3) This prohibition has largely been ignored by the 
        Supreme Court, which has allowed racially discriminatory 
        admissions.
            (4) However, in Fisher v. University of Texas, the United 
        States Supreme Court in 2013 affirmed that strict scrutiny 
        should be applied to university admissions programs to ensure 
        diversity is not defined as ``mere racial balancing,'' but has 
        a compelling state interest to achieve diversity. The Fisher 
        case clarified that any such discrimination is only permitted 
        if it is necessary to achieve the educational benefits of a 
        racially diverse student body.
            (5) Therefore, colleges and universities must reevaluate 
        their use of racially selective admissions policies. The costs 
        of such policies cannot outweigh the supposed benefits. If a 
        less discriminatory means could achieve similar results, the 
        discrimination is not permissible.
            (6) In order to ensure that these limitations are followed, 
        colleges and federally funded institutions of higher education 
        must make public through annual reports their use of race, 
        color, and national origin, for admissions decisions so that 
        Federal and State enforcement agencies and interested persons 
        can monitor the schools.
            (7) Additionally, college and universities must provide 
        evidence sufficient to demonstrate that any such discrimination 
        does not exceed the limits imposed by the Fisher case.
            (8) Academic ``mismatch'' refers to a significant 
        discrepancy in academic qualifications between various groups 
        within a student body, and is encouraged when universities 
        lower their academic standards to artificially achieve a 
        particular composition.
            (9) Mismatch works a harm because it sets particular 
        students up for lower than average achievement, higher dropout 
        rates, less competitive majors and, perhaps most damaging, a 
        disproportionately large student loan burden.

SEC. 3. REPORT ON CONSIDERATION OF RACE, COLOR, OR NATIONAL ORIGIN IN 
              STUDENT ADMISSIONS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, each institution of 
higher education participating in programs under title IV of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 shall submit to the Secretary of Education a 
report in accordance with this section.
    (b) Contents of Report.--
            (1) Disclosure of consideration of race, color, or national 
        origin in student admissions.--The report shall include a 
        statement indicating whether race, color, or national origin is 
        given weight in the student admissions process of the 
        institution or any department of the institution.
            (2) Additional disclosures.--If the disclosure under 
        paragraph (1) states that race, color, or national origin is 
        given weight in the student admissions process of an 
        institution or department, then the report shall include the 
        following information with respect to the institution or 
        department:
                    (A) The racial, color, and national origin groups 
                for which membership is considered a plus factor or a 
                minus factor and, in addition, how membership in a 
                group is determined for individual students.
                    (B) A description of how group membership is 
                considered, including the weight given to such 
                consideration and whether targets, goals, or quotas are 
                used.
                    (C) A statement explaining why group membership is 
                given weight, including the determination of the 
                desired level claimed and, with respect to the 
                diversity rationale, its relationship to the particular 
                educational mission of the institution or department.
                    (D) A description of the consideration that has 
                been given to racially neutral or less discriminatory 
                alternatives as a means for achieving the same goals 
                for which group membership is considered.
                    (E) A description of how frequently the need to 
                give weight to group membership is reassessed and how 
                that reassessment is conducted.
                    (F) An identification of the factors other than 
                race, color, or national origin that are collected in 
                the admissions process. If the factors described in the 
                preceding sentence include grades or class rank in high 
                school, scores on standardized tests (including the ACT 
                and SAT), legacy status, sex, State residency, economic 
                status, or other quantifiable criteria, then all raw 
                admissions data for applicants regarding these factors, 
                along with each individual applicant's race, color, and 
                national origin and the admissions decision made by the 
                school regarding that applicant, shall accompany the 
                report in computer-readable form, with the name of the 
                individual student redacted but with appropriate links, 
                so that it is possible for the Secretary of Education 
                or other interested persons to determine through 
                statistical analysis the weight being given to race, 
                color, and national origin, relative to other factors.
                    (G) An analysis, and also the underlying data 
                needed to perform an analysis, of whether there is a 
                correlation--
                            (i) between membership in a group favored 
                        on account of race, color, or national origin 
                        and the likelihood of enrollment in a 
                        remediation program, relative to membership in 
                        other groups;
                            (ii) between such membership and graduation 
                        rates, relative to membership in other groups; 
                        and
                            (iii) between such membership and the 
                        likelihood of defaulting on education loans, 
                        relative to membership in other groups.
    (c) Public Availability.--The institution shall make the report 
publicly available.

SEC. 4. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed to allow or permit 
preference or discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national 
origin.

SEC. 5. DEFINITION.

    In this Act, the term ``institution of higher education'' has the 
meaning given the term in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002), except that the term does not include an 
institution of higher education outside the United States.
answer:
Sunshine in Academic Admissions Act This bill requires each institution of higher education that participates in a program under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 to submit an annual report to the Department of Education that states whether the institution gives weight to race, color, or national origin in the admissions process and, if yes, provides certain additional disclosures.  The institution must make the report publicly available. 


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Consumer Telephone Records 
Protection Act of 2006''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds that--
            (1) telephone records can be of great use to criminals 
        because the information contained in call logs listed in such 
        records include a wealth of personal information;
            (2) many call logs reveal the names of many users' doctors, 
        public and private relationships, business associates, and 
        more;
            (3) although other personal information, such as social 
        security numbers may appear in public documents, which can be 
        accessed by data brokers, the only warehouse of telephone 
        records is located at the telephone companies themselves; and
            (4) telephone records may be accessed without authorization 
        of the customer by--
                    (A) an employee of the telephone company selling 
                the data;
                    (B) ``pretexting'', whereby a data broker or other 
                person pretends to be the owner of the phone and 
                convinces the telephone company's employees to release 
                the data to them; or
                    (C) unauthorized access of accounts via the 
                Internet; and
            (5) because telephone companies encourage customers to 
        manage their accounts online, many set up the online capability 
        in advance. Many customers never access their Internet 
        accounts, however. If someone seeking the information activates 
        the account before the customer, he or she can gain unfettered 
        access to the telephone records and call logs of that customer.

SEC. 3. PRIVACY PROTECTION FOR CUSTOMER INFORMATION OF 
              TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIERS.

    (a) Prohibition on Obtaining Customer Information by False 
Pretenses.--It shall be unlawful for any person to obtain or attempt to 
obtain, or cause to be disclosed or attempt to cause to be disclosed to 
any person, customer proprietary network information relating to any 
other person by--
            (1) making a false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or 
        representation to an officer, employee, or agent of a 
        telecommunications carrier; or
            (2) by providing, through any means including the Internet, 
        any document or other information to a telecommunications 
        carrier or an officer, employee, or agent of a 
        telecommunications carrier, knowing that the document or other 
        information is forged, counterfeit, lost, or stolen, was 
        obtained fraudulently or without the customer's consent, or 
        contains a false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or 
        representation.
    (b) Prohibition on Solicitation of a Person to Obtain Customer 
Information Under False Pretenses.--It shall be unlawful to request a 
person to obtain customer proprietary network information of a 
telecommunications carrier, knowing that the person will obtain, or 
attempt to obtain, the information from the telecommunications carrier 
in the manner described in subsection (a).
    (c) Prohibition on Sale or Other Disclosure of Customer Information 
Obtained Under False Pretenses.--It shall be unlawful for any person to 
sell customer proprietary network information relating to any other 
person, knowing that such information was obtained in the manner 
described in subsection (a).
    (d) Nonapplicability to Law Enforcement Agencies.--No provision of 
this section shall be construed so as to prevent any action by a law 
enforcement agency, or any officer, employee, or agent of such agency, 
to obtain customer proprietary network information of a 
telecommunications carrier in connection with the performance of 
official duties of the agency.

SEC. 4. TELECOMMUNICATIONS CARRIER NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENT.

    Section 222 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 222) is 
amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (g) the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(h) Notice of Violations.--The Commission shall by regulation 
require each telecommunications carrier to notify the customer of any 
incidents in which such telecommunications carrier becomes or is made 
aware in which customer proprietary network information relating to 
such customer is disclosed to someone other than the customer in 
violation of this section or section 3 of the Consumer Telephone 
Records Protection Act of 2006.''.

SEC. 5. ENFORCEMENT BY THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION.

    A violation of section 3 shall be treated as an unfair or deceptive 
act or practice in violation of section 5 of the Federal Trade 
Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45). All of the functions and powers of the 
Federal Trade Commission under that Act are available to the Commission 
to enforce compliance by any person with such section, irrespective of 
whether that person is engaged in commerce or meets any other 
jurisdictional tests in the Federal Trade Commission Act, including the 
power to enforce the provisions of such section in the same manner as 
if the violation had been a violation of a Federal Trade Commission 
trade regulation rule.

SEC. 6. CRIMINAL PENALTY.

    (a) In General.--Whoever knowingly and intentionally violates 
section 3 shall be fined in accordance with title 18, United States 
Code, or imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both.
    (b) Enhanced Penalties for Aggravated Cases.--Whoever violates 
section 3 while violating another law of the United States or as part 
of a pattern of any illegal activity involving more than $100,000, or 
more than 50 customers of a telecommunications carrier, in a 12-month 
period shall be fined twice the amount provided in section 3571 of 
title 18, or imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both.

SEC. 7. DEFINITIONS.

    As used in this Act, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Customer proprietary network information.--The term 
        ``customer proprietary network information'' has the meaning 
        given such term in section 222(h)(1) of the Communications Act 
        of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 222(h)(1)).
            (2) Telecommunications carrier.--The term 
        ``telecommunications carrier'' has the meaning given such term 
        in section 3(44) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
        153(44)).
answer:
Consumer Telephone Records Protection Act of 2006 - Prohibits any person from obtaining or causing the disclosure of, or requesting another person to obtain, customer proprietary network information relating to another person by: (1) making a false statement to a telecommunications carrier; or (2) providing any information knowing that it is counterfeit, that it was obtained fraudulently or without the customer's consent, or that it contains a false statement. Prohibits a person from selling customer information relating to any other person knowing it was obtained in such manner.

Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to direct the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to require each telecommunications carrier to notify a customer when proprietary network information relating to such customer is disclosed in violation of such prohibitions.

Treats a violation as an unfair or deceptive act or practice in violation of the Federal Trade Commission Act. Gives all of the functions and powers of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) under that Act to the FCC to enforce compliance. Prescribes penalties, which double for violations that are part of a pattern of illegal activity.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Medicare Diabetes Prevention Act of 
2013''.

SEC. 2. DIABETES PREVENTION UNDER THE MEDICARE PROGRAM.

    (a) Coverage of Diabetes Prevention Program Services.--
            (1) Coverage of services.--
                    (A) In general.--Section 1861(s)(2) of the Social 
                Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(s)(2)) is amended--
                            (i) in subparagraph (EE), by striking 
                        ``and'' after the semicolon at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (FF), by inserting 
                        ``and'' after the semicolon at the end; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following 
                        new subparagraph:
            ``(GG) items and services furnished under a diabetes 
        prevention program (as defined in subsection (iii)(1)) to an 
        eligible diabetes prevention program individual (as defined in 
        subsection (iii)(2));''.
                    (B) Definitions.--Section 1861 of the Social 
                Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x) is amended by adding at 
                the end the following new subsection:

  ``Diabetes Prevention Program; Eligible Diabetes Prevention Program 
       Individual; Qualified Diabetes Prevention Program Provider

    ``(iii)(1)(A) The term `diabetes prevention program' means a 
program that--
            ``(i) meets the criteria described in subparagraph (B); and
            ``(ii) is furnished by a qualified diabetes prevention 
        program provider (as defined in paragraph (3)(A)).
    ``(B) The Secretary shall establish the criteria for a diabetes 
prevention program. Such criteria shall be in accordance with the 
standards under the National Diabetes Prevention Program, as 
established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and 
shall require that the program complies with the Federal regulations 
(concerning the privacy of individually identifiable health 
information) promulgated under section 264(c) of the Health Insurance 
Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. In establishing such 
criteria, the Secretary may also consider other factors or clinical 
evidence as the Secretary determines appropriate.
    ``(C) Items and services furnished under a diabetes prevention 
program may be furnished in a community setting, as defined by the 
Secretary.
    ``(D) The Secretary shall establish procedures under which a 
qualified diabetes prevention program provider may contract with a 
diabetes prevention program delivery partner to furnish the items and 
services under a diabetes prevention program. For purposes of this 
subsection, the term `diabetes prevention program delivery partner' 
means an entity, including non-profit organizations, public and private 
hospitals, State and local departments of public health, and Federally 
qualified health centers, that meets criteria established by the 
Secretary. Such criteria shall be in accordance with the standards 
under the National Diabetes Prevention Program, as established by the 
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In establishing such 
criteria, the Secretary may also consider other factors or clinical 
evidence as the Secretary determines appropriate.
    ``(2)(A) The term `eligible diabetes prevention program individual' 
means an individual at risk for diabetes (as defined in subsection 
(yy)(2)) who would benefit from items and services under a diabetes 
prevention program, as determined based on criteria established by the 
Secretary.
    ``(B) The criteria established under subparagraph (A) shall be in 
accordance with the standards under the National Diabetes Prevention 
Program, as established by the Centers for Disease Control and 
Prevention. In establishing such criteria, the Secretary may also 
consider other factors or clinical evidence as the Secretary determines 
appropriate.
    ``(3)(A)(i) The term `qualified diabetes prevention program 
provider' means any entity, including a Federally qualified health 
center, that the Secretary determines--
            ``(I) is appropriate to furnish items and services under a 
        diabetes prevention program; and
            ``(II) meets criteria established by the Secretary, in 
        consultation with the Centers for Disease Control and 
        Prevention.
    ``(ii) A qualified diabetes prevention program provider may be, as 
determined appropriate by the Secretary, a supplier (as defined in 
subsection (d)), a provider of services (as defined in subsection (u)), 
a health insurance or services company, a community-based organization, 
or any other appropriate entity.
    ``(B) A qualified diabetes prevention program provider shall--
            ``(i) furnish the items and services under the diabetes 
        prevention program through a delivery partner (pursuant to 
        paragraph (1)(D)) unless no such delivery partner is available;
            ``(ii) manage and track the outcomes of a diabetes 
        prevention program (including attendance and weight loss of 
        participating individuals) through defined systems, including 
        outcomes of programs furnished under contract with a diabetes 
        prevention program delivery partner as defined in paragraph 
        (1)(D);
            ``(iii) implement business processes to manage program 
        workflow, such as eligibility, reporting, claims billing, class 
        scheduling, and enrollment;
            ``(iv) manage and verify billing accuracy and beneficiary 
        eligibility (as described in paragraph (2));
            ``(v) comply with applicable laws and regulations and 
        ensure such compliance by a diabetes prevention program 
        delivery partner;
            ``(vi) perform various forms of engagement with, and 
        outreach to, eligible diabetes prevention program individuals, 
        including those participating in programs furnished under 
        contract with a diabetes prevention program delivery partner;
            ``(vii) comply with all program integrity requirements as 
        established by the Secretary; and
            ``(viii) perform such other functions as established by the 
        Secretary.''.
            (2) Amount of payment.--Section 1833(a)(1) of the Social 
        Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395l(a)(1)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``and (Z)'' and inserting ``(Z)''; 
                and
                    (B) by inserting before the semicolon at the end 
                the following: ``, and (AA) with respect to items and 
                services furnished under a diabetes prevention program 
                (as defined in section 1861(iii)(1)), the amount paid 
                shall be 100 percent of (i) except as provided in 
                clause (ii), the lesser of the actual charge for the 
                items and services or the amount determined under the 
                fee schedule that applies to such items and services 
                under this part, as determined by the Secretary, and 
                (ii) in the case of such items and services that are 
                covered OPD services (as defined in subsection 
                (t)(1)(B)), the amount determined under subsection 
                (t)''.
            (3) Waiver of application of deductible.--The first 
        sentence of section 1833(b) of the Social Security Act (42 
        U.S.C. 1395l(b)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``and'' before ``(10)''; and
                    (B) by inserting before the period the following: 
                ``, and (11) such deductible shall not apply with 
                respect to items and services under a diabetes 
                prevention program (as defined in section 
                1861(iii)(1))''.
            (4) Assignment of claims.--Section 1842(b)(18)(C) of the 
        Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395u(b)(18)(C)) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following new clause:
            ``(vii) A qualified diabetes prevention program provider 
        (as defined in section 1861(iii)(3)(A)).''.
            (5) Exclusion of items and services under a diabetes 
        prevention program from skilled nursing facility prospective 
        payment system.--Section 1888(e)(2)(A)(ii) of the Social 
        Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395yy(e)(2)(A)(ii)) is amended by 
        inserting ``items and services under a diabetes prevention 
        program (as defined in section 1861(iii)(1)),'' after 
        ``qualified psychologist services,''.
            (6) Inclusion in federally qualified health center 
        services.--Section 1861(aa)(3) of the Social Security Act (42 
        U.S.C. 1395x(aa)(3)) is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the comma at 
                the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by adding after subparagraph (B) the following 
                new subparagraph:
            ``(C) items and services under a diabetes prevention 
        program (as defined in section 1861(iii)(1)),''.
            (7) Special consideration for the dual eligible 
        population.--In implementing the amendments made by this 
        subsection, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall 
        give special consideration to the needs of individuals who are 
        dually eligible for benefits under the Medicare and Medicaid 
        programs.
            (8) Evaluation and report to congress.--
                    (A) Evaluation.--The Secretary of Health and Human 
                Services shall conduct an evaluation on the coverage of 
                items and services under a diabetes prevention program 
                under the Medicare program, as added by the amendments 
                made by this subsection. Such evaluation shall include 
                an analysis of--
                            (i) the impact of the provision of such 
                        coverage on Medicare beneficiaries, including 
                        the impact on various populations, such as 
                        individuals who are dually eligible for 
                        benefits under the Medicare and Medicaid 
                        programs, and the impact of the provision of 
                        such coverage on health disparities;
                            (ii) the rate at which physicians refer 
                        eligible diabetes prevention program 
                        individuals to diabetes prevention programs 
                        under the Medicare program;
                            (iii) Medicare beneficiary participation 
                        levels in diabetes prevention programs under 
                        the Medicare program and the awareness of 
                        Medicare beneficiaries of the benefit;
                            (iv) the health outcomes resulting from 
                        completion of a diabetes prevention program 
                        under the Medicare program;
                            (v) program integrity protections important 
                        to diabetes prevention programs under the 
                        Medicare program; and
                            (vi) other areas determined appropriate by 
                        the Secretary.
                    (B) Report.--Not later than January 1, 2019, the 
                Secretary of Health and Human Services shall submit to 
                Congress a report on the evaluation conducted under 
                subparagraph (A), together with recommendations for 
                such legislation and administrative actions as the 
                Secretary determines appropriate.
            (9) Effective date.--The amendments made by paragraphs (1) 
        through (6) shall apply with respect to services furnished on 
        or after January 1, 2015.
    (b) Inclusion of Referral Rates to Diabetes Prevention Programs in 
the Medicare Physician Quality Reporting System.--Section 
1848(k)(2)(C)(i) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-
4(k)(2)(C)(i)) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
sentence: ``For purposes of reporting data on quality measures for 
covered professional services furnished during 2018 and each subsequent 
year, the quality measures specified under this paragraph shall include 
a measure with respect to referrals of eligible diabetes prevention 
program individuals (as defined in paragraph (2) of section 1861(iii)) 
to diabetes prevention programs (as defined in paragraph (1) of such 
section).''.
    (c) Inclusion of Diabetes Risk Assessment in Medicare Personalized 
Prevention Plan.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1861(hhh)(2)(C) of the Social 
        Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(hhh)(2)(C)) is amended by 
        inserting before the period at the end the following: ``, and 
        an assessment of whether the individual is an individual at 
        risk for diabetes (as defined in subsection (yy)(2))''.
            (2) Effective date.--The amendments made by this subsection 
        shall apply to personalized prevention plans created or updated 
        on or after January 1, 2015.

SEC. 3. FINDINGS; SENSE OF THE SENATE REGARDING DIABETES PREVENTION 
              UNDER THE MEDICAID PROGRAM.

    (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
            (1) The prevalence and cost of diabetes is a significant 
        concern for State Medicaid programs. By 2021, the Medicaid 
        program is expected to cover 13,000,000 people with diabetes 
        and about 9,000,000 people who may have pre-diabetes. By 2021, 
        States will spend an estimated $83,000,000,000 on individuals 
        with diabetes or pre-diabetes.
            (2) The National Diabetes Prevention Program, as 
        established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 
        has been proven to reduce the onset of diabetes in at-risk 
        adults by 58 percent, using a cost-effective, community-based 
        intervention.
    (b) Sense of the Senate.--It is the sense of the Senate that the 
National Diabetes Prevention Program presents an opportunity for States 
to reduce the incidence of diabetes among individuals enrolled in their 
Medicaid programs.
answer:

Medicare Diabetes Prevention Act of 2013 - Amends title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act to provide coverage of diabetes prevention program services to an eligible diabetes prevention program individual. Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to establish the criteria for a diabetes prevention program in accordance with the standards under the National Diabetes Prevention Program established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Excludes items and services under a diabetes prevention program from the skilled nursing facility prospective payment system. Includes: (1) items and services under a diabetes prevention programs among federally qualified health center services, (2) rates of referrals of eligible individuals to diabetes prevention programs among the quality measures for covered professional services in the Medicare physician quality reporting system, and (3) an individual's diabetes risk assessment in the individual's Medicare personalized prevention plan. Expresses the sense of the House that the National Diabetes Prevention Program presents an opportunity for states to reduce the incidence of diabetes among individuals enrolled in their Medicaid programs.