TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
PROBLEM: SECTION 1. AMENDMENT AND EXTENSION OF IRISH PEACE PROCESS CULTURAL AND 
              TRAINING PROGRAM.

    (a) Irish Peace Process Cultural and Training Program Act.--
        (1) Program participant requirements.--Section 2(a) of the 
    Irish Peace Process Cultural and Training Program Act of 1998 (8 
    U.S.C. 1101 note) is amended by adding at the end the following:
        ``(5) Program participant requirements.--An alien entering the 
    United States as a participant in the program shall satisfy the 
    following requirements:
            ``(A) The alien shall be a citizen of the United Kingdom or 
        the Republic of Ireland.
            ``(B) The alien shall be between 21 and 35 years of age on 
        the date of departure for the United States.
            ``(C) The alien shall have resided continuously in a 
        designated county for not less than 18 months before such date.
            ``(D) The alien shall have been continuously unemployed for 
        not less than 12 months before such date.
            ``(E) The alien may not have a degree from an institution 
        of higher education.''.
        (2) Extension of program.--Section 2 of the Irish Peace Process 
    Cultural and Training Program Act of 1998 (8 U.S.C. 1101 note) is 
    amended--
            (A) in subsection (a)(3), by striking ``the third program 
        year and for the 4 subsequent years,'' and inserting ``each 
        program year,''; and
            (B) by amending subsection (d) to read as follows:
    ``(d) Sunset.--
        ``(1) Effective October 1, 2008, the Irish Peace Process 
    Cultural and Training Program Act of 1998 is repealed.
        ``(2) Effective October 1, 2008, section 101(a)(15)(Q) of the 
    Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(Q)) is 
    amended--
            ``(A) by striking `or' at the end of clause (i);
            ``(B) by striking `(i)' after `(Q)'; and
            ``(C) by striking clause (ii).''.
        (3) Cost-sharing.--Section 2 of the Irish Peace Process 
    Cultural and Training Program Act of 1998 (8 U.S.C. 1101 note), as 
    amended by paragraph (2), is further amended--
            (A) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections 
        (d) and (e), respectively; and
            (B) by inserting after subsection (b), the following new 
        subsection:
    ``(c) Cost-sharing.--The Secretary of State shall verify that the 
United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland continue to pay a reasonable 
share of the costs of the administration of the cultural and training 
programs carried out pursuant to this Act.''.
        (4) Technical amendments.--The Irish Peace Process Cultural and 
    Training Program Act of 1998 (8 U.S.C. 1101 note) is amended--
            (A) by striking ``Attorney General'' each place such term 
        appears and inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security''; and
            (B) by striking ``Immigration and Naturalization Service'' 
        each place such term appears and inserting ``Department of 
        Homeland Security''.
    (b) Immigration and Nationality Act.--
        (1) Requirements for nonimmigrant status.--Section 
    101(a)(15)(Q) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
    1101(a)(15)(Q)) is amended--
            (A) by striking ``Attorney General'' each place such term 
        appears and inserting ``Secretary of Homeland Security''; and
            (B) in clause (ii)(I)--
                (i) by striking ``35 years of age or younger having a 
            residence'' and inserting ``citizen of the United Kingdom 
            or the Republic of Ireland, 21 to 35 years of age, 
            unemployed for not less than 12 months, and having a 
            residence for not less than 18 months''; and
                (ii) by striking ``36 months)'' and inserting ``24 
            months)''.
        (2) Foreign residence requirement.--Section 212 of the 
    Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182) is amended--
            (A) by redesignating the subsection (p) as added by section 
        1505(f) of Public Law 106-386 (114 Stat. 1526) as subsection 
        (s); and
            (B) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(t)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), no person admitted 
under section 101(a)(15)(Q)(ii)(I), or acquiring such status after 
admission, shall be eligible to apply for nonimmigrant status, an 
immigrant visa, or permanent residence under this Act until it is 
established that such person has resided and been physically present in 
the person's country of nationality or last residence for an aggregate 
of at least 2 years following departure from the United States.
    ``(2) The Secretary of Homeland Security may waive the requirement 
of such 2-year foreign residence abroad if the Secretary determines 
that--
        ``(A) departure from the United States would impose exceptional 
    hardship upon the alien's spouse or child (if such spouse or child 
    is a citizen of the United States or an alien lawfully admitted for 
    permanent residence); or
        ``(B) the admission of the alien is in the public interest or 
    the national interest of the United States.''.

                               Speaker of the House of Representatives.

                            Vice President of the United States and    
                                               President of the Senate.

SOLUTION: Amends the Irish Peace Process Cultural and Training Program Act of 1998 (IPPCTPA) and the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) to revise the nonimmigrant alien eligibility qualifications for participants in the Irish Peace Process Cultural and Training Program. Sets a minimum age of 21 (retaining the current age 35 maximum) and requires that the individual: (1) be a citizen of the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland; (2) have been unemployed continuously for at least 12 months; (3) have resided continuously for at least 18 months in Northern Ireland or one of designated border counties of the Republic of Ireland; and (4) not have a degree from an institution of higher education.

Requires the Department of Homeland Security to report to Congress each program year (currently, the third program year and the four subsequent years) on the number of aliens admitted under the program who have overstayed their visas.

Extends the authority of the IPPCTPA through FY 2008.

Requires the Secretary of State to verify that the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland continue to pay a reasonable share of costs for administration of IPPCTPA programs.

Amends the INA to reduce from 36 to 24 months the temporary period of the visit to the United States for participation in the program.

Denies any such person eligibility to apply for nonimmigrant status, an immigrant visa, or permanent residence until he or she has resided and been physically present in the country of nationality or last residence for an aggregate of a least two years following departure from the United States. Authorizes the Secretary of Homeland Security to waive this requirement if: (1) departure from the United States would impose exceptional hardship upon the alien's spouse or child (if such spouse or child is a U.S. citizen or a lawfully resident alien); or (2) the admission of the alien is in the U.S. public or national interest.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Sunshine in Academic Admissions 
Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Citizens and taxpayers have a right to know whether 
        federally funded institutions of higher education are treating 
        student applications differently depending on the student's 
        race, color, or national origin, and, if so, the way in which 
        these factors are weighted and the consequences to students and 
        prospective students of these decisions.
            (2) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 codified this 
        right, forbidding in statute discrimination on the basis of 
        race, color, or national origin by federally funded 
        institutions, which includes nearly all colleges and 
        universities.
            (3) This prohibition has largely been ignored by the 
        Supreme Court, which has allowed racially discriminatory 
        admissions.
            (4) However, in Fisher v. University of Texas, the United 
        States Supreme Court in 2013 affirmed that strict scrutiny 
        should be applied to university admissions programs to ensure 
        diversity is not defined as ``mere racial balancing,'' but has 
        a compelling state interest to achieve diversity. The Fisher 
        case clarified that any such discrimination is only permitted 
        if it is necessary to achieve the educational benefits of a 
        racially diverse student body.
            (5) Therefore, colleges and universities must reevaluate 
        their use of racially selective admissions policies. The costs 
        of such policies cannot outweigh the supposed benefits. If a 
        less discriminatory means could achieve similar results, the 
        discrimination is not permissible.
            (6) In order to ensure that these limitations are followed, 
        colleges and federally funded institutions of higher education 
        must make public through annual reports their use of race, 
        color, and national origin, for admissions decisions so that 
        Federal and State enforcement agencies and interested persons 
        can monitor the schools.
            (7) Additionally, college and universities must provide 
        evidence sufficient to demonstrate that any such discrimination 
        does not exceed the limits imposed by the Fisher case.
            (8) Academic ``mismatch'' refers to a significant 
        discrepancy in academic qualifications between various groups 
        within a student body, and is encouraged when universities 
        lower their academic standards to artificially achieve a 
        particular composition.
            (9) Mismatch works a harm because it sets particular 
        students up for lower than average achievement, higher dropout 
        rates, less competitive majors and, perhaps most damaging, a 
        disproportionately large student loan burden.

SEC. 3. REPORT ON CONSIDERATION OF RACE, COLOR, OR NATIONAL ORIGIN IN 
              STUDENT ADMISSIONS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, each institution of 
higher education participating in programs under title IV of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 shall submit to the Secretary of Education a 
report in accordance with this section.
    (b) Contents of Report.--
            (1) Disclosure of consideration of race, color, or national 
        origin in student admissions.--The report shall include a 
        statement indicating whether race, color, or national origin is 
        given weight in the student admissions process of the 
        institution or any department of the institution.
            (2) Additional disclosures.--If the disclosure under 
        paragraph (1) states that race, color, or national origin is 
        given weight in the student admissions process of an 
        institution or department, then the report shall include the 
        following information with respect to the institution or 
        department:
                    (A) The racial, color, and national origin groups 
                for which membership is considered a plus factor or a 
                minus factor and, in addition, how membership in a 
                group is determined for individual students.
                    (B) A description of how group membership is 
                considered, including the weight given to such 
                consideration and whether targets, goals, or quotas are 
                used.
                    (C) A statement explaining why group membership is 
                given weight, including the determination of the 
                desired level claimed and, with respect to the 
                diversity rationale, its relationship to the particular 
                educational mission of the institution or department.
                    (D) A description of the consideration that has 
                been given to racially neutral or less discriminatory 
                alternatives as a means for achieving the same goals 
                for which group membership is considered.
                    (E) A description of how frequently the need to 
                give weight to group membership is reassessed and how 
                that reassessment is conducted.
                    (F) An identification of the factors other than 
                race, color, or national origin that are collected in 
                the admissions process. If the factors described in the 
                preceding sentence include grades or class rank in high 
                school, scores on standardized tests (including the ACT 
                and SAT), legacy status, sex, State residency, economic 
                status, or other quantifiable criteria, then all raw 
                admissions data for applicants regarding these factors, 
                along with each individual applicant's race, color, and 
                national origin and the admissions decision made by the 
                school regarding that applicant, shall accompany the 
                report in computer-readable form, with the name of the 
                individual student redacted but with appropriate links, 
                so that it is possible for the Secretary of Education 
                or other interested persons to determine through 
                statistical analysis the weight being given to race, 
                color, and national origin, relative to other factors.
                    (G) An analysis, and also the underlying data 
                needed to perform an analysis, of whether there is a 
                correlation--
                            (i) between membership in a group favored 
                        on account of race, color, or national origin 
                        and the likelihood of enrollment in a 
                        remediation program, relative to membership in 
                        other groups;
                            (ii) between such membership and graduation 
                        rates, relative to membership in other groups; 
                        and
                            (iii) between such membership and the 
                        likelihood of defaulting on education loans, 
                        relative to membership in other groups.
    (c) Public Availability.--The institution shall make the report 
publicly available.

SEC. 4. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

    Nothing in this Act shall be construed to allow or permit 
preference or discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national 
origin.

SEC. 5. DEFINITION.

    In this Act, the term ``institution of higher education'' has the 
meaning given the term in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002), except that the term does not include an 
institution of higher education outside the United States.

SOLUTION: Sunshine in Academic Admissions Act This bill requires each institution of higher education that participates in a program under title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 to submit an annual report to the Department of Education that states whether the institution gives weight to race, color, or national origin in the admissions process and, if yes, provides certain additional disclosures.  The institution must make the report publicly available. 

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLES.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Sustaining our Most Advanced 
Researchers and Technology Jobs Act of 2012'' or the ``SMART Jobs 
Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITION OF STEM FIELD.

    Section 101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 
1101(a)) is amended by inserting after paragraph (36) the following new 
paragraph:
            ``(36A) The term `STEM field' means a field of study or 
        occupation included on the most recent STEM-designated Degree 
        Program List published by the Department of Homeland Security 
        referred to in section 214.2(f)(11)(C)(2) of title 8, Code of 
        Federal Regulations (or similar successor regulation).''.

SEC. 3. VISAS FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS IN MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING, 
              TECHNOLOGY, OR THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES.

    (a) New STEM Nonimmigrant Visa Category.--Section 101(a)(15)(F) of 
the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(F)) is 
amended--
            (1) in clause (i)--
                    (A) by inserting ``(except for a graduate program 
                described in clause (iv))'' after ``full course of 
                study'';
                    (B) by striking ``214(l)'' and inserting 
                ``214(m)''; and
                    (C) by striking the comma at the end and inserting 
                a semicolon;
            (2) in clause (ii)--
                    (A) by inserting ``or clause (iv)'' after ``clause 
                (i)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``, and'' and inserting a 
                semicolon;
            (3) in clause (iii), by adding ``and'' at the end; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(iv) an alien described in clause (i) who has 
                been accepted and plans to attend an accredited 
                graduate program in a STEM field at an institution of 
                higher education (as defined in section 101 of the 
                Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001)) for the 
                purpose of obtaining an advanced degree;''.
    (b) Requirements for Obtaining an F-4 Visa.--Section 214(m) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1184(m)) is amended--
            (1) by striking the matter preceding paragraph (1) and 
        inserting the following:
    ``(m) Nonimmigrant Elementary, Secondary, and Post-Secondary School 
Students.--''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(3)(A) An alien who obtains the status of a nonimmigrant under 
section 101(a)(15)(F)(iv) shall demonstrate an intent to--
            ``(i) return to the country of residence of such alien 
        immediately after the completion or termination of the graduate 
        program qualifying such alien for such status; or
            ``(ii) obtain employment in the United States in a STEM 
        field and become a permanent resident of the United States upon 
        the completion of the graduate program, which was the basis for 
        such nonimmigrant status.
    ``(B) A visa issued to an alien under section 101(a)(15)(F)(iv) 
shall be valid--
            ``(i) during the intended period of study in a graduate 
        program described in such section;
            ``(ii) for an additional period, not to exceed 1 year 
        beyond the completion of the graduate program, if the alien is 
        actively pursuing an offer of employment in a STEM field; and
            ``(iii) for an additional period, not to exceed 6 months, 
        while the alien's application for adjustment of status under 
        section 245(i)(4) is pending.
    ``(C) An alien shall qualify for adjustment of status to that of a 
person admitted for permanent residence if the alien--
            ``(i) has the status of a nonimmigrant under section 
        101(a)(15)(F)(iv);
            ``(ii) has successfully earned an advanced degree in a STEM 
        field at an institution of higher education (as defined in 
        section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
        1001)); and
            ``(iii) is employed full-time in the United States in a 
        position in a STEM field.''.
    (c) Adjustment of Status.--Section 245(i) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1255(i)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(4) The Secretary of Homeland Security may adjust the status of 
an alien who meets the requirements under section 214(m)(3) to that of 
an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence if the alien--
            ``(A) makes an application for such adjustment;
            ``(B) is eligible to receive an immigrant visa;
            ``(C) is admissible to the United States for permanent 
        residence; and
            ``(D) remits a fee in an amount to be determined by the 
        Secretary.''.
    (d) Use of Fees.--
            (1) Job training; scholarships.--Section 286(s)(1) of the 
        Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1356(s)(1)) is 
        amended by inserting ``and 80 percent of the fees collected 
        under section 245(i)(4)'' before the period at the end.
            (2) Fraud prevention and detection.--Section 286(v)(1) of 
        the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1356(v)(1)) is 
        amended by inserting ``and 20 percent of the fees collected 
        under section 245(i)(4)'' before the period at the end.

SEC. 4. ALIENS NOT SUBJECT TO NUMERICAL LIMITATIONS ON EMPLOYMENT-BASED 
              IMMIGRANTS.

    (a) In General.--Section 201(b)(1) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1151(b)(1)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
            ``(F) Aliens who have earned an advanced degree in a STEM 
        field and have been working in a STEM field in the United 
        States under a nonimmigrant visa during the 3-year period 
        preceding their application for an immigrant visa under section 
        203(b).''.
    (b) Applicability.--The amendments made by subsection (a) shall 
apply to any visa application--
            (1) pending on the date of the enactment of this Act; or
            (2) filed on or after such date of enactment.

SEC. 5. ANNUAL REPORT ON STEM NONIMMIGRANT VISAS.

    (a) Requirement for Report.--The Secretary of Homeland Security 
shall submit to Congress an annual report on the nonimmigrant visas 
granted pursuant to clause (iv) of section 101(a)(15)(F) of the 
Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(F)), as added by 
section 3(a).
    (b) Content.--Each report required by subsection (a) shall include 
the following:
            (1) The number of nonimmigrant visas granted during the 
        previous year pursuant to clause (iv) of section 101(a)(15)(F) 
        of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as added by section 
        3(a).
            (2) The countries of origin of the aliens granted 
        nonimmigrant visas pursuant to such clause (iv).
            (3) The number of degrees granted to such aliens and the 
        fields of such degrees.
            (4) A description of the employers of such aliens.

SOLUTION:
Sustaining our Most Advanced Researchers and Technology Jobs Act of 2012 or the SMART Jobs Act - Amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to establish an F-4 nonimmigrant visa for an alien who has been accepted and plans to attend an accredited graduate program for a degree in a STEM field (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) at an institution of higher education in the United States.

Requires an F-4 alien to demonstrate an intent to: (1) return to his or her country of residence upon completion or termination of such qualifying graduate program, or (2) obtain U.S. employment in a STEM field and become a permanent U.S. resident upon completion of the graduate program which was the basis for such nonimmigrant status.

States that an F-4 visa shall be valid: (1) during the intended period of graduate study, (2) for an additional one year period if the alien is pursuing an offer of STEM field employment, and (3) for an additional six month period while the alien's application for permanent resident status adjustment is pending.

States that an alien shall qualify for permanent resident status adjustment if he or she: (1) has F-4 status and has earned an advanced STEM field degree at an institution of higher education, and (2) is employed full-time in the United States in a STEM field position.