Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) and inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) selectively dilate the pulmonary circulation in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) associated with pulmonary hypertension. PDE5 inhibitors administered at doses that decrease pulmonary artery pressures have been shown to worsen arterial oxygenation. We investigated the efficacy of doses of PDE5 inhibitors that do not reduce pulmonary artery pressure alone (subthreshold doses) to improve the response to inhaled NO in an animal model of ALI.', 'Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-treated with 0.5 mg/kg Escherichia coli 0111:B4 endotoxin and 16 to 18 h later, their lungs were isolated perfused and ventilated. The thromboxane mimetic U46619 was used to induce pulmonary hypertension. After the determination of subthreshold doses of two different PDE5 inhibitors, either 50 microg zaprinast or 10 ng sildenafil was added to the perfusate and the decrease of pulmonary artery pressure measured in the presence and absence of inhaled NO.', 'In the presence of 4 or 10 ppm NO, zaprinast (-1.6 +/- 0.4 and -2.9 +/- 0.6 mmHg, respectively) and sildenafil (-1.9 +/- 0.4 and -2.4 + 0.3 mmHg, respectively) improved responsiveness to inhaled NO compared to lungs from rats treated with LPS only (0.7 +/- 0.1 and -1.0 +/- 0.1 mmHg, respectively; P<0.05). Neither zaprinast nor sildenafil prolonged the pulmonary vasodilatory response to inhaled NO.

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
To determine the prognostic role of co-morbidity in medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).', "Between 2000 and 2007, 88 consecutive early-stage medically inoperable NSCLC patients were treated by linac-based SBRT. The dose was either 45 Gy or 67.5 Gy in three fractions prescribed to the isocenter. Baseline co-morbidities were retrospectively retrieved by consultation of a formal electronic registry of diagnoses as well as patients' charts. The age-adjusted Charlson Co-morbidity Index (CCI) was scored for each patient and subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis.", 'With a median follow-up of 44 months, the actuarial local control rate at 4 years was 89% while the median overall survival was 22 months. The median age-adjusted CCI score was 5. The age-adjusted CCI was a significant predictor of overall survival on both univariate (p=0.002) and multivariate analysis (p=0.011). Patients with an age-adjusted CCI score of 3 or less had a median survival of 41 months versus only 11 months for those scoring 6 or more.

Ex Output:
1


Ex Input:
Interleukin-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine known to play a role in host defense and pathologic inflammation in murine models of lung injury. The relationship between interleukin-17A and inflammation in human lung injury is unknown. Our primary objective was to determine whether interleukin-17A levels are associated with alveolar measures of inflammation and injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our secondary objective was to test whether interleukin-17A levels are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome-related outcomes.', 'Observational study.', 'Six North American medical centers.', 'We studied two groups of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: 1) patients previously enrolled in a placebo-controlled clinical trial of omega-3 fatty acids performed at five North American medical centers (n = 86, acute respiratory distress syndrome 1), and 2) patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome admitted to an ICU who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 140, acute respiratory distress syndrome 2). In acute respiratory distress syndrome 1, we used paired serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained within 48 hours of acute respiratory distress syndrome onset, whereas in acute respiratory distress syndrome 2, we used plasma obtained within the first 24 hours of ICU admission.', 'None.', 'We measured circulating interleukin-17A in acute respiratory distress syndrome 1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome 2. We also measured interleukin-17A, neutrophil counts, and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from acute respiratory distress syndrome 1. We found that bronchoalveolar lavage interleukin-17A was strongly associated with higher bronchoalveolar lavage percent neutrophils (p < 0.001) and bronchoalveolar lavage total protein (p < 0.01) in acute respiratory distress syndrome1. In both acute respiratory distress syndrome 1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome 2, elevated interleukin-17A was associated with higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (p < 0.05).

Ex Output:

1