Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: To derive a nomogram of fetal maxillary bone length (MAX) for a Chinese population and to study whether first-trimester maternal serum levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is an independent predictor of fetal MAX.', 'This was a prospective observational study over 10 months examining Chinese women with a singleton pregnancy who attended the first-trimester screening program for Down syndrome. The subjects had the fetal crown-rump length (CRL), nuchal translucency, MAX, maternal serum PAPP-A and free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (fbeta-hCG) levels measured. A nomogram of MAX was derived using normal pregnancies with reliable dates. The correlations between MAX, CRL, PAPP-A and fbeta-hCG levels were studied, after correction for gestational dependency using Z-score transformation for the ultrasound markers (Z-MAX and Z-CRL), and logarithmic transformation of multiple of gestation-specific medians for the biochemical markers (log10PAPP-A multiples of the median (MoM) and log10fbeta-hCG MoM), using the Pearson test and multiple regression analysis.', 'During the study period, 607 Chinese women met the inclusion criteria. The mean gestational age at the first-trimester screening was 12 + 4 weeks (SD, 4 days). Curve estimation analysis showed that a linear relationship fit best between MAX and CRL (MAX (mm) = -0.01 + 0.101 * CRL (mm); r = 0.826; P < 0.0001), and between MAX and gestational age (MAX (mm) = -8.465 + 0.170 * gestational age (day); r = 0.754; SD = 0.71; P < 0.0001). There were significant positive correlations between Z-MAX and Z-CRL (r = 0.627; P = < 0.0001), Z-MAX and log10PAPP-A MoM (r = 0.239; P = < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed that both Z-CRL (P = < 0.0001) and log10 PAPP-A MoM (P = 0.048) were independent predictors for Z-MAX.

A: 1
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Q: To determine whether full-scale simulation (SIM) is superior to interactive problem-based learning (PBL) for teaching medical students acute care assessment and management skills.', 'Randomized controlled trial.', 'Simulation center at a U.S. medical school.', 'Thirty-one fourth-year medical students in a week-long acute care course.', 'After institutional review board approval and informed consent, eligible students were randomized to either the SIM or PBL group. On day 1, all subjects underwent a simulator-based initial assessment designed to evaluate their critical care skills. Two blinded investigators assessed each student using a standardized checklist. Subsequently, the PBL group learned about dyspnea in a standard PBL format. The SIM group learned about dyspnea using the simulator. To equalize simulator education time, the PBL group learned about acute abdominal pain on the simulator, whereas the SIM group used the PBL format. On day 5, each student was tested on a unique dyspnea scenario.', "Mean initial assessment and final assessment checklist scores and their change for the SIM and PBL groups were compared using the Student's t-test. A p < .05 was considered significant. The SIM and PBL groups had similar mean (PBL 0.44, SIM 0.47, p = .64) initial assessment scores (earned score divided by maximum score) and were deemed equivalent. The SIM group performed better than the PBL group on the final assessment (mean, PBL 0.53, SIM 0.72, p < .0001). When each student's change in score (percent correct on final assessment minus percent correct on the initial assessment) was compared, SIM group students performed better (mean improvement, SIM 25 percentage points vs. PBL 8 percentage points, p < .04)

A: 1
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Q: Inactivating mutations in the Forkhead Box transcription factor F1 (FOXF1) gene locus are frequently found in patients with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins, a lethal congenital disorder, which is characterized by severe abnormalities in the respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. In mice, haploinsufficiency of the Foxf1 gene causes alveolar capillary dysplasia and developmental defects in lung, intestinal, and gall bladder morphogenesis.', 'Although FOXF1 is expressed in multiple mesenchyme-derived cell types, cellular origins and molecular mechanisms of developmental abnormalities in FOXF1-deficient mice and patients with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins remain uncharacterized because of lack of mouse models with cell-restricted inactivation of the Foxf1 gene. In the present study, the role of FOXF1 in endothelial cells was examined using a conditional knockout approach.', 'A novel mouse line harboring Foxf1-floxed alleles was generated by homologous recombination. Tie2-Cre and Pdgfb-CreER transgenes were used to delete Foxf1 from endothelial cells. FOXF1-deficient embryos exhibited embryonic lethality, growth retardation, polyhydramnios, cardiac ventricular hypoplasia, and vascular abnormalities in the lung, placenta, yolk sac, and retina. Deletion of FOXF1 from endothelial cells reduced endothelial proliferation, increased apoptosis, inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, and decreased expression of endothelial genes critical for vascular development, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptors Flt1 and Flk1, Pdgfb, Pecam1, CD34, integrin β3, ephrin B2, Tie2, and the noncoding RNA Fendrr. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that Flt1, Flk1, Pdgfb, Pecam1, and Tie2 genes are direct transcriptional targets of FOXF1.

A:
1
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