Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: The etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease remain unknown. However, neutrophil infiltration into the inflammatory lesion is an important process in inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we used rat trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) ileitis as a Crohn's disease model, and investigated the effects of oral IS-741 (which inhibits the expression of Mac-1, a cell adhesion molecule) on leukocyte-endothelial interactions.", 'Rat ileitis was induced by the intraluminal injection of a TNBS solution (160 mg/kg in 50% ethanol) at a site 10 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. The rats then received oral IS-741 (50 mg/kg) or saline for 7 days. On the day 8 after the initial administration of IS-741 or saline, we determined the visible damage score, and assessed myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Concentrations of cytokines in the ileum, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also investigated the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and Mac-1 positive cells by histological examinations.', 'The administration of IS-741 resulted in a significant reduction of the visible damage score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and mucosal IL-8 levels in the ileum as compared with the saline administration. IS-741 also dramatically reduced the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and Mac-1 positive cells into the inflamed lesions.

Output: 0


Input: Consider Input: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the implementation of evidence-based guidelines and subsequent feedback to surgeons in the management of acute pancreatitis.', 'An evidence-based Pancreatitis Proforma was developed. Data were prospectively recorded (01/06/2005-30/09/2007). Audit feedback (AFB) was performed at 9 months. A final analysis was performed comparing outcomes pre- and post-audit feedback.', '372 patients were included. Median age (range) was 57 (12-96) years. 168 (45.2%) patients were admitted pre-AFB. Post-AFB, there was a significant increase in the number of patients whose diagnosis was made within 48 hours (135/168 (80.4%) vs 189/204 (92.6%), p<0.001) and who underwent definitive treatment for mild biliary pancreatitis (33/61 (54.1%) vs 56/70 (80.0%), p=0.002). Post-AFB there was also a significant reduction in the number of computed tomography (CT) scans performed for patients with mild acute pancreatitis (23/85 (27.1%) vs 13/99 (13.1%), p=0.018). Mortality (9/168 (5.4%) vs 3/204 (1.4%), p=0.040) also decreased. On multivariate analysis, AFB was an independent factor for change in the use of CT scans (p=0.015) and management of patients with mild biliary pancreatitis (p=0.039).

Output: 1


Input: Consider Input: Hyperdensity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) on unenhanced CT is a recognized sign associated with brain's early ischemia. The number of studies which showed a hyperdense posterior cerebral artery (HPCA) sign in posterior circulation infarct is relatively small. We investigated the prevalence of the HPCA sign, correlations with ischemic lesion volume, and stroke risk factors. We also determined the association with prothrombotic and inflammatory markers which have not been studied before.", 'In the group of 376 patients with a first acute stroke consecutively admitted to Emergency Department, early signs of brain infarction were visible in 221 (58%) cases. Fifty five (25%) subjects had ischemic lesions in the brain supplied by the posterior circulation. We analyzed the unenhanced CT scans, calculated the density of the posterior cerebral arteries, infarct volume, and assessed the relation of the HPCA sign to other factors.', 'The HPCA sign appeared on CT scans of 12 (22%) patients with evidence of the posterior circulation infarct. The density (in Hounsfield units) of the affected PCA was 46.5 comparing to 20.2 of an intact vessel (p<0.0001). The stroke volume was larger when the HPCA sign was observed (medians: 17.6 vs. 4.3 cm(3), p=0.02); in multivariate analysis this association was still significant (OR=1.07; 95% CI, 0.99-1.13). The C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels were significantly higher (p=0.02 for both factors) in patients with the HPCA sign in the univariate analysis.


Output: 0