Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Context: Recently, the Arg389Gly beta1-adrenoceptor (beta1AR) gene polymorphism has been detected. The Arg variant exhibited increased responsiveness to agonist-induced stimulation in vitro. Functional studies in isolated human atrial muscle strips and in-vivo studies revealed contradictory results regarding the functional relevance of this polymorphism. We sought to characterize the functional consequences of the Arg389Gly beta1-AR polymorphism in 30 consecutive healthy male volunteers in vivo.', 'beta1-AR genotype was determined by PCR and restriction analysis, which was confirmed by DNA sequencing. We compared heart rate, blood pressure, and contractile response of the various genotype carriers with a modified dobutamine stress echocardiography protocol.', 'Subjects homozygous for the Arg389 beta1AR showed a significantly higher increase in fractional shortening upon cumulative doses of dobutamine as compared to subjects carrying one or two copies of the Gly389 allele. A statistically significant difference was observed at a dobutamine dose of 10 microg/kg/min (46.5 +/- 1.3 vs. 41.8 +/- 1.0 %; P = 0.023) and was maximal at 40 microg/kg/min (61.9 +/- 1.4 vs. 52.8 +/- 1.6; P = 0.001). As a result, the systolic blood pressure response to dobutamine was significantly enhanced in individuals homozygous for the Arg389 allele, whereas the effect on heart rate did not differ between the two groups. Normalization for changing afterload conditions by calculating the pressure-dimension ratio revealed similar effects, indicating that the beta1AR-mediated effects are mainly a result of increased myocardial inotropy.
Answer: These data indicate that the Arg389Gly beta1AR polymorphism is functionally relevant in vivo and determines contractile responsiveness to catecholamines in humans.

Ex Output:
Does the Arg389Gly beta1-adrenoceptor gene polymorphism determine contractile response to catecholamines?


Ex Input:
Context: The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of intraoperative application of steroid suspension and coating of the electrode contacts with a thin film of iridium oxide on the intracochlear impedance development after cochlear implantation and on the impedance difference before and after stimulation.', 'Time-dependent development of intracochlear impedances was investigated in 4 different groups of adult patients up to 4 years after implantation. Additionally, during rehabilitation period just after first fitting, impedances before and after stimulation were measured as to investigate the influence of electrical stimulation on the impedances. Results from standard Nucleus 24 Contour (control), standard Nucleus 24 Contour with intraoperative application of steroids, iridium-coated Nucleus 24 Contour, and iridium-coated Nucleus 24 Contour with intraoperative application of steroids were compared.', 'Steroid application reduced impedances significantly throughout the observation period of up to 4 years after implantation. Iridium oxide coating had no effect. Differences between the groups were mainly found on the basal and middle parts of the cochlea, but not close to the tip of the array, also indicating that postoperative fibrous tissue growth is stronger in the basal region of the cochlea. Group mean values of the stimulation effect were not influenced by the different treatments. Nevertheless, only in both steroid-treated groups a correlation between the impedance before stimulation and the stimulation effect was found.
Answer: Although the differences between control and steroid-treated groups decrease with time, single intraoperative intracochlear steroid deposition was proven to lower postoperative impedances during first 3 to 4 years after implantation probably because of reduction of fibrous tissue growth.

Ex Output:
Do the long-term effects of modified electrode surfaces and intracochlear corticosteroids on postoperative impedances in cochlear implant patients?


Ex Input:
Context: To analyse prospectively results of HAL-RAR technique by evaluating pain, perioperative complications and clinical outcome after two years followup.', 'A prospective study design including 30 consecutive patients with haemorrhoids grade III-IV treated from June 2012. After discharge, patients received a specific questionnaire to record postoperative pain, delayed complications, evolution/disappearance of the symptoms that led to the surgical intervention (bleeding, prolapse, itching, pain and soiling). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure pain. Outpatient follow-up was carried out at 7 days, and 1, 6 and 12 months and annually thereafter. Pre, intra and postoperative data (including physical examination) had been recorded prospectively.', 'The median operating time (range) was 40 (26-60) minutes. Average hospital stay (range) was 11 (3-25) hours. No postoperative complications were observed in 29 cases (96.6%). Median follow-up was 26 (12-36) months. All the patients attended the follow-up. Mean postoperative pain was VAS\xa0=\xa01.7 on the seventh day and it was practically non-existent (VAS\xa0=\xa00.7) 1 month after the procedure. 87.5% of patients confirmed complete relief of symptoms after 30 days and 93% of patients feel free of symptoms 6 months after the procedure. No patient has experienced late complications as dyschezia, urgency, soiling or faecal incontinence. After 24 months follow-up, recurrence of bleeding and prolapse was observed in only 1 patient; 93% of patients have considered results of HAL-RAR as very good or excellent.
Answer: HAL-RAR is safe and almost painless technique and it has very good results in the control of haemorrhoidal symptoms. This procedure should be considered as an effective first treatment option for haemorrhoids.

Ex Output:

Is hAL-RAR ( Doppler guided haemorrhoid artery ligation with recto-anal repair ) a safe and effective procedure for haemorrhoids . Results of a prospective study after two-years follow-up?