TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: Late in his reign, this king put down revolts led by Ashina of Elam and Nidintu-Bel of Babylon. Other rebellions during his rule include one caused by his brother Artaphernes's response to a request for help from Naxos, leading to an uprising by Aristagoras of Miletus. This man also defeated the Margian leader Frada, as well as a usurper called Gaumata who may have impersonated his brother Bardiya. Those feats are recorded in the trilingual Behistun Inscription, and as king, this man notably succeeded the conqueror of Egypt, Cambyses II. He is best known, however, for ordering an invasion that ended with a decisive defeat by the general Miltiades at the Battle of Marathon. For 10 points, identify this Persian ruler, the father of Xerxes I.

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: In one of this author's short stories, the title character is killed after taking a boy hostage, after which his body is dumped in an unused mine and stinks up the village. In addition to The Catch, this author has recently completed the trilogy The Flaming Green Tree, a work he claims will be his last. Other works by him include a four-volume collection that contains a story about the boy Eeyore, Teach Us to Outgrow Our Madness, and a novel about children who are taken to a remote village after a plague breaks out. The birth of Bird's child with a brain hernia parallels this man's own experiences with his retarded son and is central to his A Personal Matter. FTP, identify this author of Nip the Bud, Shoot the Kids, who also wrote about the brothers Mitsu and Takashi in The Silent Cry.

SOLUTION: Literature

PROBLEM: This work contains a discussion of recognizing oneself in a mirror and recognizing the self in "the mirror of possibility. " It claims that while the loss "of an arm, a leg, five dollars, a wife" will be noticed by a religious fanatic, he will not notice that he has lost the self. According to this work, even "feminine youthfulness" is informed by the the titular phenomenon, which it explains can be caused by blind ambition or what its author terms the need to be "Caesar or nothing. " Scattered throughout are references to plays like Macbeth and Richard II, and it explains the "defiance" and "weak" types of a certain phenomenon. This work ultimately asserts that true Christians are the only ones who can escape the title condition. For 10 points, name this work published under the pseudonym "Anti-Climacus" whose title malady is described as "despair," a book by Soren Kierkegaard. 

SOLUTION:
Social Science