Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Bilateral lower extremity venous duplex scanning for acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has been advocated because of the high incidence of occult contralateral leg involvement. We investigated the clinical necessity of such a policy.', 'The results from 2996 venous duplex studies performed during the past 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 1694 of these scans were performed on patients with symptoms, of whom 248 (15%) were found to have an acute DVT. Symptoms were limited to one side in 198 patients, whereas bilateral complaints were noted in 50 patients.', 'Among the patients with symptoms of acute DVT, 72 (29%) had bilateral involvement. Bilaterality was more likely in patients with bilateral symptoms than in those with only unilateral symptoms (56% vs 22%; p < 0.005). Of the patients with unilateral symptoms and bilateral DVT, all of them had either acute (80%) or acute and chronic (20%) thrombosis in the symptomatic leg. The contralateral asymptomatic limb had fewer acute and more chronic DVT (41% and 55%, respectively). No patient from the entire group admitted with symptoms had an acute DVT in the asymptomatic limb without a concomitant acute DVT in the symptomatic leg. Unilateral scanning would decrease the examination time by 21% and potentially increase total reimbursement for symptomatic venous scans by 9% compared with routine bilateral duplex scanning.
[A]: Is contralateral duplex scanning for deep venous thrombosis unnecessary in patients with symptoms?


[Q]: Prepubertal children and early adolescents with bipolar disorders (PEA-BP) who participate in the ongoing study "Phenomenology and Course of Pediatric Bipolar Disorders" have a high prevalence of ultradian (within 24-hour periods) rapid cycling. Based on a case-control finding reported in bipolar (BP) adults of an association between rapid and ultradian rapid cycling with the low-activity allele of catechol-O-methyltransferase (l-COMT), study of linkage and linkage disequilibrium of l-COMT in the PEA-BP population seemed warranted.', "Genotypes on a subset of the larger PEA-BP sample, for whom trio blood collection was complete (i. e., probands and both of their biological parents), were used to perform transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs). Diagnoses were established from a comprehensive battery that included WASH-U-KSADS (Washington University Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia) given to both mothers and children and from consensus conferences. Probands with PEA-BP (N = 52) were 10.9 +/- 2.8 years old at index episode; had a mean age of BP onset at 8.0 +/- 3.8 years; were severely impaired, with a mean Children's Global Assessment Scale score of 44.5 +/- 8.9; and manifested the cardinal features of BP (84.6% had euphoric mood, 76.9% had grandiosity, and 57.7% had psychosis). Ultradian rapid cycling occurred in 75%. Genotyping of the single nucleotide polymorphism at COMT was performed using automated capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformational polymorphism with detection by laser-induced fluorescence.", 'Transmission disequilibrium tests were not significant for preferential transmission of l-COMT for the ultradian rapid-cycling subgroup or for the entire PEA-BP sample.
[A]: Is ultradian rapid cycling in prepubertal and early adolescent bipolarity in transmission disequilibrium with val/met COMT alleles?


[Q]: Remission, the primary goal of treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), is the absence of significant signs or symptoms and the return to a state of normal functioning. A recent study found that the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increased after antidepressant treatment in remitted patients. This study evaluated serum BDNF levels in MDD patients with chronic maintenance treatment, and compared these between remission and nonremission groups.', 'Serum BDNF levels were measured in 34 MDD patients and 35 healthy controls. The severity of depression was measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D). The MDD patients were divided into remission and nonremission groups according to a cutoff total Ham-D score of either ≤7 or ≤6.', 'Serum BDNF levels differed significantly between the remission, nonremission, and healthy control groups (P<0.05). The Bonferroni post hoc test confirmed that serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in the nonremission group than in the healthy-control group (P<0.05), but did not differ significantly between the remission and healthy-control groups.
[A]:
Are lower serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels associated with failure to achieve remission in patients with major depression after escitalopram treatment?