In this task your given two statements. You must judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label the instances as "cause" or "effect" based on your judgment. The sentences are separated by a newline character.

[Q]: The teacher tore up the student's exam.
He caught the student cheating.
[A]: cause


[Q]: The bully stuck his foot out in front of his classmate.
The bully's classmate tripped.
[A]: effect


[Q]: I apologized to my friend.
My friend forgave me.
[A]:
effect