TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
PROBLEM: detention of the van, its driver, and its passenger exceeded the valid reason for the initial stop and violated the Fourth Amendment. The subsequent search of the vehicle was an unconstitutional search, and the drugs and drug paraphernaha discovered were fruit of the poisonous tree. The trial court’s denial of appellants’ motions to suppress should have been granted. In light of this holding, we need not address the third point, that omissions of facts in Ramsey’s affidavit for search warrant undermined the drug dog’s reliability and amounted to a Franks violation; or the fourth point, that the search warrant was objectively unreasonable and that there was no basis for a nighttime search. Reversed and remanded. Hart, Robbins, and Neal, JJ. te, 84 Md. App. 243, 578 A.2d 816 (1990) (<HOLDING>). In this case, after Ramsey determined that 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that coming from the wrong neighborhood does not give rise to reasonable suspicion (B) holding innocent facts when considered together can give rise to reasonable suspicion (C) holding that the fact that defendant granted consent to police to search some items and then refused to give consent to additional searches cannot support a finding of reasonable suspicion (D) holding the drivers refusal to consent to search of automobile did not give rise to reasonable suspicion that vehicle contained narcotics (E) holding that refusal to consent to search cannot support a finding of reasonable suspicion

SOLUTION: (D)

PROBLEM: because it was made by physicians and nursing home administrators who are private parties. The Supreme Court explained its rationale: “Those decisions ultimately turn on medical judgments made by private parties according to professional standards that are not established by the State.” Id. at 1008, 102 S.Ct. 2777. The Court distinguished situations where the state “affirmatively command[ed]” the discharge or transfer of Medicaid patients, id. at 1005, 102 S.Ct. 2777, or where medical judgments were made by utilization review committees mandated by federal regulation. See id. at 1008, 102 S.Ct. 2777. A key inquiry under Blum and its progeny is which entity made the decision being challenged. See id. at 1005, 102 S.Ct. 2777; see also Kraemer v. Heckler, 737 F.2d 214, 220 (2d Cir.1984) (<HOLDING>); Catanzano v. Dowling, 60 F.3d 113, 117 (2d 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that evidence contrary to an administrators decision does not make the decision arbitrary and capricious so long as a reasonable basis appears for the decision (B) holding  2254d authorizes federal court to review state courts decision only and not explanation of decision (C) holding that state courts failure to discuss or even to be aware of federal precedent does not in itself render the decision contrary to federal law (D) holding that a party losing in state court may not seek what would amount to appellate review of that decision in federal court based on the claim that the decision violates the losers federal rights (E) holding that the decision of a utilization review committee may well constitute state action where the decisionmaking process itself appears to be governed largely by federal guidelines

SOLUTION: (E)

PROBLEM: The USDA asserts authority to prescribe “restrictions on the use of a product,” including “limits on distribution of the product.” 9 C.F.R § 102.5(d). That regulation is the asserted basis for USDA’s decision to prohibit Creekstone’s “use” of a biological product for private BSE testing. Creekstone contends that USDA’s “use” regulation exceeds its authority to regulate “preparation, sale, barter, exchange, or shipment,” but Creekstone’s reading of the statute is too narrow. The principle of expressio unius est exclusio alterius will not restrict the application of a statute that also contains expansive modifiers such as “as may be necessary to prevent” and “or otherwise to carry out this chapter.” Compare NLRB v. Beverly Enterprises-Massachusetts, Inc., 174 F.3d 13, 32 (1st Cir.1999) (<HOLDING>)(emphasis added). See also United States v. 
 Holding statements: (A) recognizing equitable powers necessary and appropriate to carry out the provisions of this title (B) holding that 1 usc  1 does not apply except where it is necessary to carry out the evident intent of the statute (C) holding that the nlrb has the authority to interpret cbas in the first instance where its interpretation is for the purpose of enforcing a statutory right which congress considered necessary to allow labor and management to get on with the process of reaching fair terms and conditions of employment (D) holding grant of authority to an agency to adopt rules necessary to carry out this chapter clearly vested in the agency authority to interpret a statute (E) holding that terms of 29 usc  156 authorizing the nlrb to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of the act grant the nlrb broad rulemaking authority

SOLUTION:
(E)