In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
--------
Question: Context: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Despite the advances in therapy over the years, its mortality remains high. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteases 1 (SENP1) in NSCLC tissues and its role in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. We also investigated the association between the expression level of SENP1 and the clinicopathological features and survival of the patients.', 'A SENP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was constructed and transfected into the NSCLC cells. VEGF gene expression was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemistry staining was used to assess the expression of SENP1 in 100 NSCLC patients and its association with the clinicopathological features and survival was analyzed.', 'VEGF expression was significantly higher in NSCLC tissues than in normal lung tissues. Inhibition of SENP1 by siRNA was associated with decreased VEGF expression. SENP1 was over-expressed in 55 of the 100 NSCLC samples (55%) and was associated with a moderate and low histological tumor grade (3.6%, 38.2%, and 58.2% in high, moderate and low differentiated tumors, respectively, P = 0.046), higher T stage (10.9% in T1, and 89.1% in T2 and T3 tumor samples, P < 0.001) and TNM stage (10.9% in stage I, and 89.1% in stages II and III tumor samples, P < 0.001). The rate of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in the SENP1 over-expression group (76.4%) than that in the SENP1 low expression group (33.3%, P < 0.001). Sixty three patients received postoperative chemotherapy, including 34 with SENP1 over-expression and 29 with SENP1 low expression. Among the 34 patients with SENP1 over-expression, 22 (64.7%) patients developed recurrence or metastasis, significantly higher than those in the low expression group 27.6% (8/29) (P = 0.005). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (P = 0.015), TNM stage (P = 0.001), and SENP1 expression level (P = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors for the survival of NSCLC patients.\Question: Does over-expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier proteases 1 predict chemo-sensitivity and poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer?

Answer: SENP1 may be a promising predictor of survival, a predictive factor of chemo-sensitivity for NSCLC patients, and potentially a desirable drug target for lung carcinoma target therapy.


Question: Context: Microalbuminuria and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation are both predictors for cardiac events in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether microalbuminuria correlated with coronary endothelium-dependent vasodilation.', 'We evaluated 84 patients (47 men, mean age 50.5 +/- 5.9 years) with type 2 diabetes for 9.4 +/- 3.4 years, without angiographic coronary stenosis and without major cardiovascular risk factors or other confounding factors, for endothelium investigation. Quantitative coronary angiography was used to assess coronary artery response to cold pressor testing, used to assess endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and to isosorbide dinitrate (endothelium-independent vasodilation).', 'Endothelium-dependent vasodilation differed in the patients with and without microalbuminuria (changes in coronary artery diameter during cold pressor testing: -15.0 +/- 1.9% vs. -10.2 +/- 1.3%, respectively, P < 0.05) and correlated with urinary albumin excretion rate (r = -0.39, P = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.29, P < 0.01), and left ventricular mass index (r = -0.24, P < 0.05). Independent predictors for endothelium-dependent vasodilation were urinary albumin excretion rate (beta -0.04 [95% CI -0.07 to -0.01], P < 0.005) and left ventricular mass index (-0.26 [-0.49 to -0.05], P < 0.05). Endothelium-independent vasodilation was similar in both groups.\Question: Is impaired coronary endothelium-dependent vasodilation associated with microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and angiographically normal coronary arteries?

Answer: Type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria have a more severely impaired coronary endothelium-dependent vasodilation than those with normoalbuminuria. These data suggest a common pathophysiological process for both coronary vasomotor abnormalities and microalbuminuria.


Question: Context: Studies have revealed a phenomenon called skin-deep resilience, which develops in upwardly mobile African American youth. They perform well in school, maintain good mental health, and avoid legal problems. Despite outward indications of success, they also show evidence of worse health in biomarker studies. Here we extend this research, asking whether it manifests in differential susceptibility to upper respiratory infection, and if it emerges in European Americans as well.', 'The sample included 514 adults in good health, as judged by physician examination and laboratory testing. Participants completed questionnaires about lifecourse socioeconomic conditions, conscientiousness, psychosocial adjustment, and lifestyle factors. They were subsequently inoculated with a rhinovirus that causes upper respiratory infection, and monitored in quarantine for 5 days the development of illness.', "Consistent with past work, African Americans from disadvantaged backgrounds displayed indications of skin-deep resilience. To the extent these participants were high in conscientiousness, they fared better across multiple domains of psychosocial functioning, as reflected in educational attainment, symptoms of depression, and close relationship quality (p values = .01-.04). But analyses of these participants' susceptibility to infection revealed the opposite pattern; higher conscientiousness was associated with a greater likelihood of becoming ill following inoculation (p value = .03). In European Americans, there was no evidence of skin-deep resilience; conscientiousness was associated with better psychosocial outcomes, but not infection risk.\Question: Does viral challenge reveal further evidence of skin-deep resilience in African Americans from disadvantaged backgrounds?

Answer:
These observations suggest that resilience may be a double-edged sword for African Americans from disadvantaged backgrounds. The same characteristics associated with academic success and psychological adjustment forecast increased vulnerability to health problems. (PsycINFO Database Record