Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Ex Input:
Thailand has the lowest incidence of gastric cancer in the world. Helicobacter pylori infection, a low serum pepsinogen I/II ratio, and interleukin (IL)-1beta-511 polymorphisms are suspected to be risk factors for gastric cancer.', 'A total of 167 Thais, comprising 56 cancer patients and 111 volunteers without cancer, underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopic examination and three fixed-point biopsies; a cancer tissue biopsy was also done, and blood samples were collected. The subjects without cancer were divided into normal subjects and chronic gastritis patients. IL-1beta-511 polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the serum levels of pepsinogen I and II were determined by a radioimmunoassay. Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody and tissue pathology were tested in all groups.', 'The pepsinogen I/II ratio was significantly lower in the gastric cancer group than in the normal and chronic gastritis groups [odds ratio (OR), 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-4.80; P = 0.025]. Gastric cancer patients were positive for the H. pylori IgG antibody more frequently than negative (OR, 2.946; 95% CI, 1.4-6.39; P = 0.005). However, only 15 (27%) cancer patients were both positive for H. pylori IgG antibody and had low serum pepsinogen I/II. The C/C genotype was found more frequently in the gastric cancer group than in the group with a normal gastric mucosa (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.50-0.81; P = 0.014).

Ex Output:
0


Ex Input:
Recurrent prostate cancer remains a major problem. Staging, grading and prostate specific antigen level at surgery are helpful but still imperfect predictors of recurrence. For this reason there is an imperative need for additional biomarkers that add to the prediction of currently used prognostic factors.', 'We evaluated the extent of promoter methylation of\xa0genes previously reported as aberrantly methylated in prostate cancer (AIM1,\xa0APC, CCND2, GPX3, GSTP1, MCAM, RARβ2, SSBP2 and TIMP3) by quantitative fluorogenic methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. We used cancer tissue from a nested case-control study of 452 patients surgically treated for prostate cancer. Recurrence cases and controls were compared and the association between methylation extent and recurrence risk was estimated by logistic regression adjusting for patient age at prostatectomy, prostatectomy year, stage, grade, surgical margins and preprostatectomy prostate specific antigen. All statistical tests were 2-sided with p ≤0.05 considered statistically significant.', 'The extent of GSTP1 methylation was higher in patients with recurrence than in controls (p = 0.01), especially patients with early disease, ie organ confined or limited extraprostatic extension (p = 0.001). After multivariate adjustment GSTP1 promoter methylation at or above the median was associated with an increased risk of recurrence, including in men with early disease (each p\xa0= 0.05).

Ex Output:
1


Ex Input:
We sought to describe the degree of long-term left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute transmural myocardial infarction with preserved LV systolic function, and to evaluate whether Doppler echocardiographic parameters in the early phase could predict this process.', 'A total of 60 patients without heart failure and with LV ejection fraction > or = 0.40 (mean 0.48 +/- 0.054), were followed up with Doppler echocardiographic examinations at baseline, 3 months, and 1 and 2 years.', 'There was a significant increase in LV end-diastolic volume index of 7% (P =.006) and LV end-systolic volume index of 8% (P =.03), and no change in ejection fraction. This remodeling was confined to 7 patients (12%) with a significant increase in LV end-diastolic volume index above 20 mL/m(2). There was also a significant increase in the deceleration time of both the early mitral filling wave (Delta early mitral filling wave = 58 milliseconds, P <.0005) and the diastolic forward component of pulmonary venous flow (Delta diastolic forward component of pulmonary venous flow = 61 milliseconds, P <.0005), and a shift in filling pattern with increasing prevalence of abnormal relaxation. Changes in end-diastolic volume index were predicted by baseline early mitral filling wave less than 100 milliseconds, but the most powerful predictors of 2-year remodeling were volume changes at 3 months.

Ex Output:

0