In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. The four incorrect answers are other holding statements. You should find the correct option. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.

Ex Input:
I. Jurisdiction The Court of Federal Claims has “jurisdiction to render judgment on an action by an interested party objecting to ... a proposed award or the award of a contract or any alleged violation of statute or regulation in connection with a procurement or a proposed procurement,” 28 U.S.C. § 1491(b)(1) (2012). A party is an “interested party” with standing to bring suit under 28 U.S.C. § 1491(b)(1) if the party “is an ’ actual or prospective bidder whose direct economic interest would be affected by the award of the contract.” Orion Tech., Inc. v. United States, 704 F.3d 1344, 1348 (Fed.Cir.2013). A bidder has a direct economic interest if it suffered a competitive injury or prejudice. Myers Investigative & Sec. Servs., Inc. v. United States, 275 F.3d 1366, 1370 (Fed.Cir.2002) (<HOLDING>). In a post-award bid protest, the protestor 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that prejudice or injury is a necessary element of standing (B) recognizing that allegation of state action is a necessary element of a  1983 claim (C) holding that an assertion of prejudice is not a showing of prejudice (D) holding that actual prejudice is not a necessary element of an insurers untimely notice defense (E) holding that an antitrust injury is a necessary element of a  2 claim

Ex Output:
(A)


Ex Input:
constructive, or judicially imposed lien, or (4) asserted against real or personal property. See Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 51.903; Cardenas v. Wilson, 428 S.W.3d 130, 132 (Tex. App.Houston [1st Dist.] 2014, no pet.) (noting that 51.903 inquiry into mechanic’s lien determines only that mechanic’s lien is provided by Texas law, not whether the underlying mechanic’s lien was valid). If the motion requires greater inquiry, then it is a motion for declaratory judgment. See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 37.004(a) (West 2015); State Bar of Tex. v. Heard, 603 S.W.2d 829, 833 (Tex. 1980) (“We look to the substance of a plea for relief to determine the nature of the pleading, not merely at the form of title given to it.”); Nguyen, 2016 WL 2343893, at *2 (citing Becker, 2010 WL 877569, at *2-3 (<HOLDING>)). A motion for declaratory judgment must be 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that in ruling on a motion for summary judgment the trial court is limited to the grounds raised in the motion (B) holding motion requesting more relief than section 51903 provides was motion for declaratory judgment (C) holding that motion accepting judgment but requesting findings of fact and conclusions of law was not directed against the judgment (D) holding that substance of motion to extend time was a section 1301f motion rather than a section 1301g motion and that trial court did not abuse discretion in denying the section 1301f motion (E) holding that the courts denial of either a motion to dismiss or a motion for summary judgment is not a final judgment and is not reviewable 

Ex Output:
(B)


Ex Input:
delivery of the parcel. Once the beeper alerted, indicating that the package had been opened, Honolulu police officers executed the search warrant, recovered the parcel, and arrested Hernandez. After Hernandez was advised of her Miranda rights, she signed a statement of rights and waiver form. Prior to signing the waiver form, Hernandez wrote, “I think I want to answer questions at this time with out [sic] a lawyer.” She then provided a statement implicating herself and her co-defendants as being involved in a conspiracy to possess crystal methamphetamine with intent to distribute it. After her statement was typed, Hernandez reviewed it, and initialed the beginning and end of each paragraph. On May 31, 2000, Hernandez filed a motion to suppress the c S.Ct. 2395, 65 L.Ed.2d 410 (1980) (<HOLDING>); United States v. Gill, 280 F.3d 923, 929 (9th 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that an fbi agents investigation of the written contents of a notebook that was lawfully in the possession of the fbi constituted a search that violated the defendants fourth amendment rights (B) holding that the sca violates the fourth amendment to the extent that it allows government agents to obtain the contents of emails without a warrant (C) holding that insurance investigators were not agents of the government for fourth amendment purposes because they had an independent reason to investigate the scene (D) holding that even though federal agents obtained mailed packages of videos lawfully they nevertheless violated the fourth amendment when they viewed the videos without a warrant (E) recognizing cause of action for damages against federal agents acting under their authority who allegedly violated plaintiffs fourth amendment rights

Ex Output:

(D)