In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Question: Context: To provide optimal treatment of heterogeneous triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), we need biomarkers that can predict the chemotherapy response.', 'We retrospectively investigated BRCAness in 73 patients with breast cancer who had been treated with taxane- and/or anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Using multiplex, ligation-dependent probe amplification on formalin-fixed core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens before NAC and surgical specimens after NAC. BRCAness status was assessed with the assessor unaware of the clinical information.', 'We obtained 45 CNB and 60 surgical specimens from the 73\xa0patients. Of the 45 CNB specimens, 17 had BRCAness (38.6% of all subtypes). Of the 23 TNBC CNB specimens, 14\xa0had BRCAness (61% of TNBC cases). The clinical response rates were significantly lower for BRCAness than for non-BRCAness tumors, both for all tumors (58.8% vs. 89.3%, P\xa0= .03) and for TNBC (50% vs. 100%, P\xa0= .02). All tumors that progressed with taxane therapy had BRCAness. Of the patients with TNBC, those with non-BRCAness cancer had pathologic complete responses significantly more often than did those with BRCAness tumors (77.8%\xa0vs. 14.3%, P\xa0= .007). After NAC, the clinical response rates were significant lower for BRCAness than for non-BRCAness tumors in all subtypes (P\xa0= .002) and in TNBC cases (P\xa0= .008). After a median follow-up of 26.4 months, 6 patients-all with BRCAness-had developed recurrence. Patients with BRCAness had shorter progression-free survival than did those with non- BRCAness (P\xa0=\xa0.049).\Question: Does bRCAness predict resistance to taxane-containing regimens in triple negative breast cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy?

Answer: Identifying BRCAness can help predict the response to taxane, and changing regimens for BRCAness TNBC might improve patient survival. A larger prospective study is needed to further clarify this issue.


Question: Context: . We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention, targeting staff-patient communication, in improving emergency department patient satisfaction.', 'We undertook a pre- and post-intervention study in a university-affiliated emergency department, over a 12-month period. The intervention included communication workshops, a patient education film, and a patient liaison nurse. At the patient level, the patient liaison nurse ensured optimal staff-patient community communication and played a role in staff communication education. The intervention was evaluated using patient surveys (containing general and communication-specific satisfaction items scored out of 100), complaint rates, and patient liaison nurse activity data.', "A total of 321 and 545 patients returned questionnaires in the pre- and post-intervention periods, respectively. Significant improvements were observed in patients' perceptions of being 'informed about delays' [score difference, 5.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.6-10.0], that 'staff cared about them as a person' (difference, 4.4; 95% CI, 0.7-8.1), the overall emergency department facility assessment (difference, 3.9; 95% CI, 0.4-7.5) and overall emergency department care (difference, 3.8; 95% CI, 0.3-7.3). Non-significant improvements were seen in all other satisfaction items. In the post-intervention period, there was a 22.5% (95% CI, 14.6-32.8) decrease in the number of complaints received and a decrease in the complaint rate of 0.7 (95% CI, -0.3 to 1.6) complaints per 1000 patients. The patient liaison nurse activities included orientation of the patient including (i) explanation of tests, procedures, and delays; (ii) communication with a range of hospital staff; and (iii) general comfort measures including analgesia quality control.\Question: Does a multifaceted intervention improve patient satisfaction and perceptions of emergency department care?

Answer: Significant improvements in a variety of patient satisfaction measures were achieved with an intervention comprising staff communication workshops, a patient education film, and a patient liaison nurse.


Question: Context: During short-term hypoxia, Hypoxia Inducible Factors (particular their subunits HIF-1α and HIF-2α) regulate the expression of many genes including the potent angiogenesis stimulator VEGF. However, in some pathological conditions chronic hypoxia occurs and is accompanied by reduced angiogenesis.', 'We investigated the effect of prolonged hypoxia on the proliferation and sprouting ability of human microvascular endothelial cells and the involvement of the HIFs and Dll4/Notch signaling.', 'Human microvascular endothelial cells (hMVECs), cultured at 20% oxygen for 14 days and seeded on top of 3D fibrin matrices, formed sprouts when stimulated with VEGF-A/TNFα. In contrast, hMVECs precultured at 1% oxygen for 14 days were viable and proliferative, but did not form sprouts into fibrin upon VEGF-A/TNFα stimulation at 1% oxygen. Silencing of HIF-2α with si-RNA partially restored the inhibition of endothelial sprouting, whereas HIF-1α or HIF-3α by si-RNA had no effect. No involvement of Dll4/Notch pathway in the inhibitory effect on endothelial sprouting by prolonged hypoxia was found. In addition, hypoxia decreased the production of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), needed for migration and invasion, without a significant effect on its inhibitor PAI-1. This was independent of HIF-2α, as si-HIF-2α did not counteract uPA reduction.\Question: Does hIF-2α Expression regulate Sprout Formation into 3D Fibrin Matrices in Prolonged Hypoxia in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells?

Answer:
Prolonged culturing of hMVECs at 1% oxygen inhibited endothelial sprouting into fibrin. Two independent mechanisms contribute. Silencing of HIF-2α with si-RNA partially restored the inhibition of endothelial sprouting pointing to a HIF-2α-dependent mechanism. In addition, reduction of uPA contributed to reduced endothelial tube formation in a fibrin matrix during prolonged hypoxia.