instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
Cocaine and alcohol are frequently used simultaneously and this combination is associated with enhanced toxicity. We recently showed that active cocaine abusers have a markedly enhanced sensitivity to benzodiazepines. Because both benzodiazepines and alcohol facilitate GABAergic neurotransmission we questioned whether cocaine abusers would also have an enhanced sensitivity to alcohol that could contribute to the toxicity. In this study we compared the effects of alcohol (0.75 g/kg) on regional brain glucose metabolism between cocaine abusers (n = 9) and controls (n = 10) using PET and FDG. Alcohol significantly decreased whole brain metabolism and this effect was greater in controls (26+/-6%) than in abusers (17+/-10%) even though they had equivalent levels of alcohol in plasma. Analysis of the regional measures showed that cocaine abusers had a blunted response to alcohol in limbic regions, cingulate gyrus, medial frontal and orbitofrontal cortices.
answer:
Do cocaine abusers show a blunted response to alcohol intoxication in limbic brain regions?


question:
In vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-treated patients with severe hemorrhage, guidelines recommend prompt VKA reversal with prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and vitamin K. The aim of this observational cohort study was to evaluate the impact of guideline concordant administration of PCC and vitamin K on seven-day mortality.', 'Data from consecutive patients treated with PCC were prospectively collected in 44 emergency departments. Type of hemorrhage, coagulation parameters, type of treatment and seven-day mortality mortality were recorded. Guideline-concordant administration of PCC and vitamin K (GC-PCC-K) were defined by at least 20 IU/kg factor IX equivalent PCC and at least 5 mg of vitamin K performed within a predefined time frame of eight hours after admission. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the effect of appropriate reversal on seven-day mortality in all patients and in those with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).', 'Data from 822 VKA-treated patients with severe hemorrhage were collected over 14 months. Bleeding was gastrointestinal (32%), intracranial (32%), muscular (13%), and "other" (23%). In the whole cohort, seven-day mortality was 13% and 33% in patients with ICH. GC-PCC-K was performed in 38% of all patients and 44% of ICH patients. Multivariate analysis showed a two-fold decrease in seven-day mortality in patients with GC-PCC-K (odds ratio (OR)\u2009=\u20092.15 (1.20 to 3.88); P\u2009=\u20090.011); this mortality reduction was also observed when only ICH was considered (OR\u2009=\u20093.23 (1.53 to 6.79); P\u2009=\u20090.002).
answer:
Is guideline-concordant administration of prothrombin complex concentrate and vitamin K associated with decreased mortality in patients with severe bleeding under vitamin K antagonist treatment ( EPAHK study )?


question:
Most children are transiently colonized with Streptococcus pneumoniae, but very few develop invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Host genetic variation of innate immunity may predispose to IPD. We investigated the effect of genetic variation in the mannose-binding lectin gene, MBL2, on susceptibility and disease severity of IPD in previously healthy children aged <5 years.', 'IPD cases were identified through national registries. DNA was obtained from the Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank. Pneumococcal serotypes were determined by Quellung reaction. The associations between MBL2 diplotypes and IPD susceptibility, serotypes, and outcome were investigated using logistic regression analysis.', 'We included 372 cases with meningitis, 907 with bacteremia, and 1263 age- and sex-matched controls; 2372 individuals were successfully genotyped and assigned MBL2 diplotypes. The median age in our combined case series was 13 months. Children with defective diplotypes were not at higher risk for meningitis than children with other diplotypes (odds ratio [OR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], .56-1.28). Similar results were found for bacteremia (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, .68-1.15) as well as for all cases (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, .70-1.09). There was no association with susceptibility to recurrent IPD (n = 12) for children with defective diplotypes compared with cases with a single episode (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, .07-4.13) and with all controls (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, .06-3.56). There was no association between diplotypes and mortality or between diplotypes and pneumococcal serotypes.
answer:

Are mannose-binding lectin gene , MBL2 , polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to invasive pneumococcal disease in children?