In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.

[EX Q]: Context: The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of a newly synthesized molecule named paracetamol acetohydroxamic acid (PaCaHa) on human neoplastic cell lines.', 'A549, CRL 2923, HeLa, and ARPE were treated with various concentrations of PaCaHa and DMSO (vehicle control). The cytotoxic/cytostatic effects of PaCaHa were determined after a 24-h incubation period and compared to the DMSO control. The cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects were determined by the trypan blue dye exclusion and MTT methods.', 'A higher susceptibility to PaCaHA was found in CRL 2923 and HeLa cells, while A549 and ARPE cells were less responsive to PaCaHa. The percent of cytotoxicity resulting from 400 µg/mL of PaCaHa were >90 for CRL-2923 and HeLa, 68 for A549, and 64 for ARPE cells. The cytotoxic difference between CRL-2923/HeLa and ARPE/A549 cells was significant (P < 0.05).\Question: Does paCaHa inhibit proliferation of human cancer cells in vitro?
[EX A]: PaCaHa showed dose dependent cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on three distinct human cancer cell lines. The differential effect of PaCaHa on different cancer cell lines suggests that PaCaHa could have a potential antitumor effect on specific cancer types. These results support further comprehensive studies on PaCaHa and its derivatives.

[EX Q]: Context: Mucus hypersecretion and neutrophil infiltration are important characteristics of airway inflammation. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation induces mucus and inflammatory cytokine secretion from airway epithelial cells. To elucidate the roles of EGFR in airway inflammation, the in vitro effects on mucin production and interleukin (IL) 8 secretion from cultured airway epithelial cells and the in vivo effects on mucus hypersecretion and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal mucosa of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 were examined.', 'The in vitro effects of AG1478 treatment of cultured NCI-H292 cells on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α induced MUC5AC mucin and IL-8 secretion were evaluated. Hypertrophic and metaplastic changes of goblet cells, mucus production and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal epithelium were induced by intranasal instillation of LPS in vivo, and the inhibitory effects of AG1478 by intraperitoneal injection or intranasal instillation were examined.', 'AG1478 (1-1000 nM) significantly inhibited both LPS-induced and TNF-α-induced secretion of MUC5AC and IL-8 from cultured NCI-H292 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of MUC5AC and IL-8 messenger RNAs was also significantly inhibited. Intranasal instillation of AG1478 one hour after intranasal LPS instillation significantly inhibited LPS-induced goblet cell metaplasia, mucus production, and neutrophil infiltration in rat nasal epithelium, as did intraperitoneal injection of AG1478 one hour before LPS instillation.\Question: Does epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor AG1478 inhibit mucus hypersecretion in airway epithelium?
[EX A]: These results indicated that EGFR transactivation plays an important role in mucin and IL-8 secretion from airway epithelial cells. Intranasal instillation of an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor may be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of upper airway inflammation.

[EX Q]: Context: Chronic high-frequency electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate region is currently being investigated clinically as a therapy for treatment of refractory depression. Experimental DBS of the homologous region, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), in rodent models has previously demonstrated anti-depressant-like effects. Our goal was to determine if structural remodeling accompanies the alterations of brain function previously observed as a result of chronic DBS.', 'Here we applied 6h of high-frequency bilateral VMPFC DBS daily to 8 9-week old C57Bl/6 mice for 5days. We investigated the "micro-lesion" effect by using a sham stimulation group (8 mice) and a control group (8 mice with a hole drilled into the skull only). Whole brain anatomy was investigated post-mortem using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and areas demonstrating volumetric expansion were further investigated using histology and immunohistochemistry.', 'The DBS group demonstrated bilateral increases in whole hippocampus and the left thalamus volume compared to both sham and control groups. Local hippocampal and thalamic volume increases were also observed at the voxel-level; however these increases were observed in both DBS and sham groups. Follow-up immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus revealed DBS increased blood vessel size and synaptic density relative to the control group whereas the sham group demonstrated increased astrocyte size.\Question: Does deep brain stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex cause reorganization of neuronal processes and vasculature?
[EX A]:
Our work demonstrates that DBS not only works by altering function with neural circuits, but also by structurally altering circuits at the cellular level. Neuroplastic alterations may play a role in mediating the clinical efficacy of DBS therapy.