TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Positive Train Control Enforcement 
and Implementation Act of 2015''.

SEC. 2. ENSURING SAFE IMPLEMENTATION OF POSITIVE TRAIN CONTROL ON 
              POISONOUS OR TOXIC-BY-INHALATION AND PASSENGER RAIL 
              LINES.

    Section 20157 of title 49, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)(1)--
                    (A) by striking ``18 months after the date of 
                enactment of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008'' 
                and inserting ``60 days after the date of enactment of 
                the Positive Train Control Enforcement and 
                Implementation Act of 2015'';
                    (B) by striking ``develop'' and inserting 
                ``revise'';
                    (C) by striking ``December 31, 2015'' and inserting 
                ``December 31, 2018, or the deadline determined 
                appropriate by the Secretary pursuant to paragraph 
                (2)''; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``parts'' and 
                inserting ``sections'';
            (2) by striking subsection (a)(2) and inserting the 
        following:
            ``(2) Authority to extend deadline.--
                    ``(A) The Secretary may extend the deadline 
                described in paragraph (1) of this subsection, 
                applicable to each carrier or entity required to submit 
                a plan under paragraph (1), for a period not to exceed 
                12 months if such a carrier or entity demonstrates to 
                the satisfaction of the Secretary that such carrier or 
                entity--
                            ``(i) will not be able to implement a 
                        positive train control system by the deadline 
                        described in paragraph (1) due to technical, 
                        programmatic, or operational challenges, such 
                        as availability of public funding, spectrum, 
                        technology, and interoperability standards;
                            ``(ii) has taken actions to address such 
                        challenges and mitigate risks to successful 
                        implementation of a positive train control 
                        system; and
                            ``(iii) has made good faith efforts to 
                        implement the plan described in paragraph (1).
                    ``(B)(i) The Secretary may grant an additional one-
                time extension of the deadline described in paragraph 
                (1), applicable to each carrier or entity required to 
                submit a plan under paragraph (1), not to exceed 12 
                months, if such a carrier or entity, or a group 
                thereof, is not able to fully implement a positive 
                train control system on or before the date that is the 
                last day of the extension granted under subparagraph 
                (A), and such carrier or entity--
                            ``(I) demonstrates to the satisfaction of 
                        the Secretary that implementing a positive 
                        train control system was delayed due to 1 or 
                        more circumstances beyond the control of the 
                        carrier or entity, such as a delay in Federal 
                        approval of a plan, testing, or certification; 
                        or
                            ``(II) demonstrates to the satisfaction of 
                        the Secretary--
                                    ``(aa) that such carrier or entity 
                                will not be able to implement a 
                                positive train control system by the 
                                deadline described in paragraph (1) due 
                                to technical, programmatic, or 
                                operational challenges;
                                    ``(bb) due diligence in its efforts 
                                to fully implement a positive train 
                                control system; and
                                    ``(cc) that substantial progress 
                                has been made in deploying positive 
                                train control, to the extent feasible.
                    ``(ii) A demonstrating carrier or entity under 
                clause (i) must certify to the Secretary in writing 
                that such carrier or entity will be in full compliance 
                with the requirements of this section on or before the 
                date that is the last date of the extension granted 
                under clause (i).
            ``(3) Implementation.--
                    ``(A) The revised plan shall--
                            ``(i) describe how the railroad carrier or 
                        entity will provide for interoperability of the 
                        system with movements of trains of other 
                        railroad carriers or entities over its lines;
                            ``(ii) to the extent practical, provide for 
                        implementation of the system in a manner that 
                        addresses areas of greater risk before areas of 
                        lesser risk;
                            ``(iii) comply with this section and 
                        subpart I of part 236 of title 49, Code of 
                        Federal Regulations; and
                            ``(iv) include a detailed schedule and 
                        sequence for fully implementing a positive 
                        train control system in accordance with this 
                        section and such regulations.
                    ``(B) The railroad carrier shall implement a 
                positive train control system in accordance with such 
                plan.'';
            (3) by striking subsections (c) and (d) and inserting the 
        following:
    ``(c) Progress Reports.--Not later than January 1, 2017, and 
annually thereafter until full implementation of positive train control 
systems has been completed, each railroad carrier or entity required to 
revise and transmit a plan under subsection (a) shall submit to the 
Secretary a report on the progress of such carrier or entity toward 
implementing positive train control systems.
    ``(d) Reports.--
            ``(1) Congressional notification.--Not later than April 1, 
        2018, the Secretary shall transmit to the Committee on 
        Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of 
        Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
        Transportation of the Senate a report on the progress of the 
        railroad carriers in implementing positive train control 
        systems.
            ``(2) Public availability.--The Secretary shall make 
        available to the public on the Department of Transportation's 
        Internet Web site each progress report submitted pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) and subsection (c).''; and
            (4) in subsection (h)--
                    (A) by striking ``The Secretary'' and inserting the 
                following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary''; and
                    (B) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Provisional operation.--In lieu of the requirements 
        of paragraph (1), the Secretary may authorize a railroad 
        carrier or other entity to commence operation in revenue 
        service of a positive train control system or component to the 
        extent necessary to enable the safe implementation of positive 
        train control systems in phases.''.

SOLUTION: Positive Train Control Enforcement and Implementation Act of 2015 This bill extends deadlines and modifies requirements for railroad carriers and providers of intercity or commuter rail passenger transportation to implement positive train control (PTC) systems.  (A PTC system is a communications and signaling system designed to prevent train-to-train collisions, over-speed derailments, incursions into established work zone limits, and the movement of a train through a switch left in the wrong position. Railroads which carry passengers or have high-volume freight traffic with certain hazardous materials are required to implement a PTC system.)  Within 60 days of enactment of this bill, each Class I railroad carrier (the largest operators by revenue) and provider of intercity or commuter rail passenger transportation must submit to the Department of Transportation (DOT) a plan for implementing PTC by December 31, 2018, instead of the December 31, 2015, deadline required under current law. DOT may extend the deadline if specified requirements are met.  The revised plan must include a detailed schedule and sequence for fully implementing PTC in a manner that complies with specified regulations, and railroads must implement PTC in accordance with the plan.  DOT may authorize a railroad carrier or other entity to begin the provisional operation of a PTC system without the required certification if it is necessary to enable the safe implementation of PTC in phases. 

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Protecting Consumer Access to 
Generic Drugs Act of 2007''.

SEC. 2. UNFAIR AND DECEPTIVE ACTS AND PRACTICES RELATED TO NEW DRUG 
              APPLICATIONS.

    (a) Conduct Prohibited.--It shall be unlawful for any person to 
directly or indirectly be a party to any agreement resolving or 
settling a patent infringement claim in which--
            (1) an ANDA filer receives anything of value; and
            (2) the ANDA filer agrees not to research, develop, 
        manufacture, market, or sell, for any period of time, the drug 
        that is to be manufactured under the ANDA involved and is the 
        subject of the patent infringement claim.
    (b) Exceptions.--Notwithstanding subsection (a)(1), subsection (a) 
does not prohibit a resolution or settlement of a patent infringement 
claim in which the value received by the ANDA filer includes no more 
than--
            (1) the right to market the drug that is to be manufactured 
        under the ANDA involved and is the subject of the patent 
        infringement claim, before the expiration of--
                    (A) the patent that is the basis for the patent 
                infringement claim; or
                    (B) any other statutory exclusivity that would 
                prevent the marketing of such drug; and
            (2) the waiver of a patent infringement claim for damages 
        based on prior marketing of such drug.
    (c) Enforcement.--A violation of subsection (a) shall be treated as 
an unfair and deceptive act or practice and an unfair method of 
competition in or affecting interstate commerce prohibited under 
section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45). The 
Federal Trade Commission shall enforce this Act in the same manner, by 
the same means, and with the same jurisdiction as though all applicable 
terms and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act were 
incorporated into and made a part of this Act.
    (d) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Agreement.--The term ``agreement'' means anything that 
        would constitute an agreement for purposes of section 5 of the 
        Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45).
            (2) Agreement resolving or settling.--The term ``agreement 
        resolving or settling'', in reference to a patent infringement 
        claim, includes any agreement that is contingent upon, provides 
        a contingent condition for, or is otherwise related to the 
        resolution or settlement of the claim.
            (3) ANDA.--The term ``ANDA'' means an abbreviated new drug 
        application for the approval of a new drug under section 505(j) 
        of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 355(j)).
            (4) ANDA filer.--The term ``ANDA filer'' means a party that 
        has filed an ANDA with the Food and Drug Administration.
            (5) Patent infringement.--The term ``patent infringement'' 
        means infringement of any patent or of any filed patent 
        application, extension, reissuance, renewal, division, 
        continuation, continuation in part, reexamination, patent term 
        restoration, patent of addition, or extension thereof.
            (6) Patent infringement claim.--The term ``patent 
        infringement claim'' means any allegation made to an ANDA 
        filer, whether or not included in a complaint filed with a 
        court of law, that its ANDA or drug to be manufactured under 
        such ANDA may infringe any patent.

SEC. 3. FTC RULEMAKING.

    The Federal Trade Commission may, by rule promulgated under section 
553 of title 5, United States Code, exempt certain agreements described 
in section 2 if the Commission finds such agreements to be in 
furtherance of market competition and for the benefit of consumers. 
Consistent with the authority of the Commission, such rules may include 
interpretive rules and general statements of policy with respect to the 
practices prohibited under section 2.

SEC. 4. FORFEITURE OF 180-DAY EXCLUSIVITY PERIOD UNDER THE FFDCA.

    Section 505(j)(5)(D)(i) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 
(21 U.S.C. 355(j)(5)(D)(i)) is amended--
            (1) in subclause (I)(bb)--
                    (A) by redesignating subitem (CC) as subitem (EE); 
                and
                    (B) by inserting after subitem (BB) the following:

                                                    ``(CC) In a 
                                                declaratory judgment 
                                                action described in 
                                                subitem (AA), a court 
                                                dismisses the action 
                                                for lack of subject 
                                                matter jurisdiction, 
                                                either with or without 
                                                prejudice.

                                                    ``(DD) The 
                                                applicant files with 
                                                the Secretary a 
                                                covenant by the patent 
                                                owner that the patent 
                                                owner will not sue the 
                                                applicant for 
                                                infringement with 
                                                respect to the 
                                                patent.''; and

            (2) in subclause (V), by inserting ``section 2 of the 
        Protecting Consumer Access to Generic Drugs Act of 2007 or'' 
        after ``that the agreement has violated''.

SEC. 5. NOTICE AND CERTIFICATION OF AGREEMENTS.

    (a) Notice of All Agreements.--Section 1112(c)(2) of the Medicare 
Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (21 
U.S.C. 3155 note) is amended by--
            (1) striking ``the Commission the'' and inserting ``the 
        Commission (1) the''; and
            (2) inserting before the period at the end the following: 
        ``; and (2) a description of the subject matter of any other 
        agreement the parties enter into within 30 days of an entering 
        into an agreement covered by subsection (a) or (b)''.
    (b) Certification of Agreements.--Section 1112 of such Act is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(d) Certification.--The Chief Executive Officer or the company 
official responsible for negotiating any agreement required to be filed 
under subsection (a), (b), or (c) shall execute and file with the 
Assistant Attorney General and the Commission a certification as 
follows: `I declare under penalty of perjury that the following is true 
and correct: The materials filed with the Federal Trade Commission and 
the Department of Justice under section 1112 of subtitle B of title XI 
of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act 
of 2003, with respect to the agreement referenced in this 
certification: (1) represent the complete, final, and exclusive 
agreement between the parties; (2) include any ancillary agreements 
that are contingent upon, provide a contingent condition for, or are 
otherwise related to, the referenced agreement; and (3) include written 
descriptions of any oral agreements, representations, commitments, or 
promises between the parties that are responsive to subsection (a) or 
(b) of such section 1112 and have not been reduced to writing.'.''.

SOLUTION: Protecting Consumer Access to Generic Drugs Act of 2007 - Prohibits, as an unfair and deceptive act or practice and an unfair method of competition in or affecting interstate commerce, any person from being a party to any agreement resolving or settling a patent infringement claim in which: (1) an abbreviated new drug (generic) application filer receives anything of value; and (2) such filer agrees not to research, develop, manufacture, market or sell the generic drug. Excludes a resolution or settlement that includes no more than: (1) the right to market the generic drug before the expiration of the patent or other exclusivity period; or (2) the waiver of a patent infringement claim for damages.

Authorizes the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to exempt agreements in furtherance of market competition and for the benefit of consumers.

Amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to provide that a generic drug applicant forfeits market exclusivity for failing to market the drug 75 days after: (1) a court dismisses a declaratory judgment action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction; or (2) the applicant files with the Secretary of Health and Human Services a covenant that the patent owner will not sue the applicant for patent infringement. Deems an applicant to have forfeited market exclusivity if the applicant enters into an agreement that violates this Act.

Amends the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 to revise reporting requirements related to agreements between a generic drug applicant and a brand name drug company to include: (1) a description of the subject matter of other agreements between the parties; and (2) a certification that the materials filed represent the complete, final, and exclusive agreement between the parties.

PROBLEM: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Rigs to Reefs Act of 2003''.

SEC. 2. AUTHORITY TO USE DECOMMISSIONED OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS PLATFORMS 
              FOR MARICULTURE, ARTIFICIAL REEF, OR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.

    (a) In General.--The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 
1301 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 9 the following:

``SEC. 10. USE OF DECOMMISSIONED OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS PLATFORMS FOR 
              MARICULTURE, ARTIFICIAL REEF, OR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.

    ``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall issue regulations under 
which the Secretary may authorize use of an offshore oil and gas 
platform that is decommissioned from service for oil and gas purposes 
for culture of marine organisms, an artificial reef, or scientific 
research.
    ``(b) Limitation on Liability.--A person that used an offshore oil 
and gas platform for oil and gas purposes and that does not have any 
ownership or control of the platform shall not be liable under Federal 
law for any costs or damages arising from such platform after the date 
the platform is used for culture of marine organisms, an artificial 
reef, or scientific research under this section, unless such costs or 
damages arise from--
            ``(1) use of the platform by the person for development or 
        production of oil or gas; or
            ``(2) another act or omission of the person.
    ``(c) Other Leasing and Use Not Affected.--This section, and the 
use of any offshore oil and gas platform for culture of marine 
organisms, an artificial reef, or scientific research under this 
section, shall not affect--
            ``(1) the authority of the Secretary to lease any area 
        under this Act; or
            ``(2) any activity otherwise authorized by a lease under 
        this Act.''.
    (b) Deadline for Regulations.--The Secretary of the Interior shall 
issue regulations under subsection (a) by not later than 180 days after 
the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (c) Study and Report on Effects of Removal of Platforms.--Not later 
than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Secretary of Interior, in consultation with other Federal agencies as 
necessary, shall study and report to the Congress regarding how the 
removal of offshore oil and gas platforms from the outer Continental 
Shelf would affect existing fish stocks and coral populations.

SEC. 3. CREDIT FOR COSTS RELATING TO CONVERTING OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS 
              PLATFORMS FOR USE IN CULTURING MARINE ORGANISMS.

    (a) In General.--Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to business-related 
credits) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 45G. CREDIT FOR COSTS RELATING TO CONVERTING OFFSHORE OIL AND 
              GAS PLATFORMS FOR CULTURING MARINE ORGANISMS.

    ``(a) General Rule.--For purposes of section 38, the marine 
organisms culturing credit is an amount equal to 30 percent of the 
qualified marine organisms culturing expenditures of the taxpayer 
during the taxable year.
    ``(b) Qualified Marine Organisms Culturing Expenditures.--For 
purposes of subsection (a), the term `qualified marine organisms 
culturing expenditures' means, with respect to a platform owned by the 
taxpayer--
            ``(1) amounts paid or incurred for maintaining an offshore 
        oil and gas platform from the time such platform is 
        decommissioned from service for oil and gas purposes to the 
        time it is converted for use in the culture of marine 
        organisms, including costs of moving such platform to the 
        reefing location, if applicable,
            ``(2) an amount equal to the excess (if any) of--
                    ``(A) the costs of converting such platform for use 
                in the culture of marine organisms, over
                    ``(B) the amount that could have been received if 
                such platform were sold as scrap on shore.
    ``(c) Election.--This section shall apply to any taxpayer for any 
taxable year only if such taxpayer elects (at such time and in such 
manner as the Secretary may by regulations prescribe) to have this 
section apply for such taxable year.''.
    (b) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Subsection (b) of section 38 of such Code is amended by 
        striking ``plus'' at the end of paragraph (14), by striking the 
        period at the end of paragraph (15) and inserting ``, plus'', 
        and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(16) the marine organisms culturing credit determined 
        under section 45G(a).''.
            (2) No carryback before effective date.--Subsection (d) of 
        section 39 of such Code (relating to carryback and carryforward 
        of unused credits) is amended by adding at the end the 
        following new paragraph:
            ``(11) No carryback of section 45g credit before effective 
        date.--No portion of the unused business credit for any taxable 
        year which is attributable to the credit determined under 
        section 45G may be carried back to a taxable year ending before 
        January 1, 2004.''.
            (3) The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of 
        subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding at 
        the end the following new item:

                              ``Sec. 45G. Credit for costs relating to 
                                        converting offshore oil and gas 
                                        platforms for culturing marine 
                                        organisms.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2003.

SOLUTION:
Rigs to Reefs Act of 2003 - Amends the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act to instruct the Secretary of the Interior to issue regulations authorizing the use for culture of marine organisms, an artificial reef, or scientific research of any offshore oil and gas platform decommissioned from service for oil and gas purposes.

Denies liability under Federal law of any former owner of an offshore oil and gas platform for costs or damages arising from use of it for culture of marine organisms, an artificial reef, or scientific research, unless such costs or damages arise from: (1) use of the platform by the person for development or production of oil or gas; or (2) another act or omission.

Amends the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to business-related credits) to establish an income tax credit for costs relating to converting offshore oil and gas platforms for culturing marine organisms.