TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
PROBLEM: Context: It is recommended that dentists screen for dental anxiety (DA) so that fearful patients may be better managed. The main aim of this study was to determine what dentists are being taught in relation to DA as well as whether and how anxious patients are identified in the clinic.', 'Two hundred and forty-six practising dentists (adjusted response rate = 40.1%), from a random sample of registered Australian dentists, completed a mailed questionnaire.', "Dentists estimated that high DA affected 23.3% of children and 19.4% of adults seen. Only 3.7% of dentists reported using a published scale for screening DA, with the most common reason being lack of awareness (56.5%). Approximately one-half of responding dentists directly asked their patients about DA and this was more common among younger dentists (χ(2) = 7.75, p = 0.021). There were few differences in DA screening by other practitioner or practice characteristics (p > 0.05). Only one-third of dentists had received undergraduate training related to DA and only 41.7% considered this to be 'good' or better. Almost 37% of respondents expressed an interest in future training opportunities.
Answer: The use of formal, validated scales for screening DA is minimal. Training in anxiety management appears to be low and is an area that could be expanded upon.

SOLUTION: Does dental anxiety screening practices and self-reported training need among Australian dentists?

PROBLEM: Context: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis, as a majority of patients present with advanced disease. Current adjuvant strategies for metastatic patients include mitotane or other cytotoxic agents and carry a significant morbidity as well as a low (<10 %) 5-year survival. Withanolides, including withaferin A, are novel chemotherapeutic agents with potent targeted effects in medullary thyroid cancer and a number of solid malignancies with low toxicity in vivo. We hypothesize that novel naturally derived withanolides will have potent targeted anti-cancer activity against ACCs.', 'In vitro cell viability of ACC cell lines (Y1 and SW13) was measured using MTS cell proliferation assay. Cell cycle and apoptotic analysis studied using annexin V/propidium iodide staining on flow cytometry (FC) and targeted molecular mechanisms of withanolide cytotoxicity were assessed using standard Western blot analysis.', 'All the withanolides potently reduced ACC cell viability on MTS assay with 7- to 185-fold higher selectivity than normal fibroblasts. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated a shift in cell cycle arrest from G1/G0 to G2/M with induction of apoptosis at nanomolar concentrations of withanolides. Unlike current ACC therapeutics, withanolides modulated expression of several key oncogenic pathway proteins in ACCs by Western blot, including Jagged 1, MAPK, and Akt/mTOR pathway proteins in a dose-dependent manner after 24 h drug treatment of SW13 cells.
Answer: These results demonstrate the first evidence of the anticancer efficacy of withanolides in ACC cells and provide support for future translational evaluation of these compounds as novel therapeutic agents for ACC patients.

SOLUTION: Are withanolides potent novel targeted therapeutic agents against adrenocortical carcinomas?

PROBLEM: Context: To explore the importance of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in granulosa cells in the ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation.', 'Prospective study.', "A women's hospital in China.", 'One hundred infertile women undergoing ovarian stimulation with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH).', 'These women were divided into three groups: poor, moderate, and high responders, according to the number of follicles with diameter >/=14 mm. The FSHR expression at both mRNA and protein levels was determined by either reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or Western blot in granulosa cells. E(2) concentrations in serum and FSH levels in serum/follicular fluid (FF) were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.', 'Relative expression of mRNA and protein of FSHR in granulosa cells, serum E(2), FSH level in serum and FF, and the number of mature follicles.', 'The expression of FSHR, at both the mRNA and protein levels, was significantly different among the three groups, with the lowest expression in the poor responders. The level of FSHR protein was positively correlated with the peak level of serum E(2) and the number of mature oocytes. FSH levels in FF and the dosage of rFSH used were significantly different among the three groups, with the highest values in the poor responders.
Answer: Different levels of FSHR expression in granulosa cells result in different ovarian response, and lower expression of FSHR may account for poor ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation, which suggests the critical role of FSHR in the ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation.

SOLUTION:
Is poor ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation associated with low expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in granulosa cells?