Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
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Question: To compare rates of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) among women who did and did not receive an intrauterine device (IUD) the day they sought emergency contraception (EC) or pregnancy testing.', 'Women, 15 to 45\xa0years of age, who sought EC or pregnancy testing from an urban family planning clinic completed surveys at the time of their clinic visit (August 22, 2011, to May 30, 2013) and 3 months after their clinic visit. The surveys assessed contraceptive use and symptoms, testing, and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STI) and PID. We reviewed the medical records of participants who reported IUD placement within 3\xa0months of enrollment and abstracted de-identified electronic medical record (EMR) data on all women who sought EC or pregnancy testing from the study clinic during the study period.', 'During the study period, 1,060 women visited the study clinic; 272 completed both enrollment and follow-up surveys. Among survey completers with same-day IUD placement, PID in the 3\xa0months after enrollment was not more common (1/28 [3.6%]; 95% CI, 0%-10.4%) than among women who did not have a same-day IUD placed (11/225 [4.9%]; 95% CI, 2.7%-8.6%; p\xa0=\xa0.71). Chart review and EMR data similarly showed that rates of PID within 3\xa0months of seeking EC or pregnancy testing were low whether women opted for same-day or delayed IUD placement.

Answer: 1


Question: To assess the influence of vascular clamping and ischemia time on long-term post-operative renal function following partial nephrectomy (PN) for cancer in a solitary kidney.', 'This is a retrospective study including 259\xa0patients managed by PN between 1979 and 2010 in 13\xa0centers. Clamping use, technique choice (pedicular or parenchymal clamping), ischemia time, and peri-operative data were collected. Pre-operative and last follow-up glomerular filtration rates were compared. A multivariate analysis using a Cox model was performed to assess the impact of ischemia on post-operative chronic renal failure risk.', 'Mean tumor size was 4.0±2.3cm and mean pre-operative glomerular filtration rate was 60.8±18.9mL/min. One hundred and six patients were managed with warm ischemia (40.9%) and 53\xa0patients with cold ischemia (20.5%). Thirty patients (11.6%) have had a chronic kidney disease. In multivariate analysis, neither vascular clamping (P=0.44) nor warm ischemia time (P=0.1) were associated with a pejorative evolution of renal function. Pre-operative glomerular filtration rate (P<0.0001) and blood loss volume (P=0.02) were significant independent predictive factors of long-term renal failure.

Answer: 1


Question: Religious involvement may help individuals with chronic medical illness cope better with physical disability and other life changes. We examine the relationships between religiosity, depressive symptoms, and positive emotions in persons with major depression and chronic illness.', '129 persons who were at least somewhat religious/spiritual were recruited into a clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of religious vs. secular cognitive behavioral therapy. Reported here are the relationships at baseline between religious involvement and depressive symptoms, purpose in life, optimism, generosity, and gratefulness using standard measures.', 'Although religiosity was unrelated to depressive symptoms (F=0.96, p=0.43) and did not buffer the disability-depression relationship (B=-1.56, SE 2.90, p=0.59), strong relationships were found between religious indicators and greater purpose, optimism, generosity, and gratefulness (F=7.08, p<0.0001).

Answer:
1