Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Example Input: Angiotensin II stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth, and is considered to be an important mediator of intimal thickening after vascular injury. Recent evidence has indicated that VSMC apoptosis plays a major role in the response to balloon injury, and we therefore examined the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibition on VSMC apoptosis and vascular lesion formation in the rat model of balloon injury.', 'Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to carotid artery balloon injury and randomised to a standard diet or a diet supplemented with 1 mg/ml captopril in the drinking water. Animals were sacrificed 2 and 14 days after injury for assessment of apoptosis and proliferation by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry, respectively. At 14 days post injury, vessel cross-sections were subjected to microscopic morphometry and total cell numbers were determined.', 'At 2 days after balloon injury, captopril-treated animals displayed a significant increase in the percentage of TUNEL-positive VSMCs in the medial area (12 +/- 4% vs. 1 +/- 1%; P < 0.05) as compared to controls. This increase in early apoptosis was associated with decreased intimal cellularity 14 days post injury (238 +/- 47 cells/cross-section vs. 449 +/- 75 cells/cross-section; P < 0.05), and a reduction of neointimal formation (0.13 +/- 0.02 mm2 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.04 mm2; P < 0.05). The fraction of PCNA-positive VSMCs per cross-section 2 or 14 days after injury was not significantly altered by captopril administration.
Example Output: 1

Example Input: Mammalian thioredoxin reductases (TrxR) are selenoproteins with important roles in antioxidant defense and redox regulation, principally linked to functions of their main substrates thioredoxins (Trx). All major forms of TrxR are intracellular while levels in serum are typically very low.', 'Serum TrxR levels were determined with immunoblotting using antibodies against mouse TrxR1 and total enzyme activity measurements were performed, with serum and tissue samples from mouse models of liver injury, as triggered by either thioacetamide (TAA) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).', 'TrxR levels in serum increased upon treatment and correlated closely with those of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), an often used serum biomarker for liver damage. In contrast, Trx1, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase or selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase levels in serum displayed much lower increases than TrxR or ALT.
Example Output: 0

Example Input: Rhesus macaques serve a critical role in the study of human biomedical research. While both Indian and Chinese rhesus macaques are commonly used, genetic differences between these two subspecies affect aspects of their behavior and physiology, including response to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can play an important role in both establishing ancestry and in identifying genes involved in complex diseases. We sequenced the 3' end of rhesus macaque genes in an effort to identify gene-based SNPs that could distinguish between Indian and Chinese rhesus macaques and aid in association analysis.", "We surveyed the 3' end of 94 genes in 20 rhesus macaque animals. The study included 10 animals each of Indian and Chinese ancestry. We identified a total of 661 SNPs, 457 of which appeared exclusively in one or the other population. Seventy-nine additional animals were genotyped at 44 of the population-exclusive SNPs. Of those, 38 SNPs were confirmed as being population-specific.
Example Output:
0