Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Diastolic runoff in the abdominal aorta, with subsequent circulatory mesenteric insufficiency, has been postulated as a cause of necrotizing enterocolitis in term infants with congenital heart disease. With this study we sought to determine whether Doppler-flow characteristics in the abdominal aorta can predict which infants are at specific risk, independent of gestational age and type of congenital heart disease.', 'We conducted a case-control study of term infants with congenital heart disease and proven necrotizing enterocolitis (n = 18) compared with gestational age-matched and diagnosis-matched control subjects (n = 20). Abdominal aortic Doppler velocities, time intervals, and reversals were analyzed. Groups were compared, and independent risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis were determined.', 'The groups were similar with regard to weight, pulse pressure, use of prostaglandins or inotropes, presence of a patent ductus arteriosus, and systolic function. However, 47% of the case subjects with necrotizing enterocolitis had persistent retrograde diastolic flow in the abdominal aorta compared with 15% of the control subjects. When adjusting for multiple risk factors, persistent diastolic flow reversal remained the only factor significantly associated with necrotizing enterocolitis.
Is persistent diastolic flow reversal in abdominal aortic Doppler-flow profiles associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in term infants with congenital heart disease?

In rats, oral oleoyl-estrone (OE) decreases food intake and body lipid content. The aim of this study was to determine whether OE treatment affects the energy metabolism of pregnant rats and eventually, of their pups; i.e. changes in normal growth patterns and the onset of obesity after weaning.', 'Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with daily intragastric gavages of OE in 0.2 ml sunflower oil from days 11 to 21 of pregnancy (i.e. 10 nmol oleoyl-estrone/g/day). Control animals received only the vehicle. Plasma and hormone metabolites were determined together with variations in cellularity of adipose tissue.', "Treatment decreased food intake and lowered weight gain during late pregnancy, mainly because of reduced adipose tissue accumulation in different sites. OE-treated pregnant rats' metabolic pattern after delivery was similar to that of controls. Neonates from OE-treated rats weighed the same as those from controls. They also maintained the same growth rate up to weaning, but pups from OE-treated rats slowed their growth rate afterwards, despite only limited differences in metabolite concentrations.
Does treatment of pregnant rats with oleoyl-estrone slow down pup fat deposition after weaning?

To examine the relationship between sperm strict morphology and sperm chromatin integrity.', 'Prospective study.', 'Infertility clinic.', 'Eighty-seven consecutive semen samples from non-azoospermic men presenting for infertility evaluation and 6 samples from fertile donors.', 'Assessment of standard semen parameters and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) parameters (%DFI [DNA fragmentation index] and %HDS [high DNA stainability]). Evaluation of %HDS and %DFI after treatment with dithiothreitol (a thiol-reducing agent used to decondense sperm nuclei) was also undertaken.', 'Relationship between sperm strict morphology defects and SCSA parameters (%DFI and %HDS).', 'We observed significant relationships between the percentage of normal sperm forms and both %HDS (r = -0.40) and sperm motility (r = 0.32). We also found significant relationships between sperm head defects and both %HDS (r = 0.40) and sperm concentration (r = -0.39). Sperm tail, midpiece, and neck defects were not significantly related to the SCSA parameters. Treatment of spermatozoa with dithiothreitol (to induce decondensation) resulted in a substantial increase in %HDS but no measurable change in %DFI.

Is sperm head morphology related to high deoxyribonucleic acid stainability assessed by sperm chromatin structure assay?