Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: To investigate the association between adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood and asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and eczema in adolescence.', 'Longitudinal birth cohort study of 1328 members born in the city of Nijmegen. Information on ear-nose-throat surgery was documented at 2, 4, and 8 years of age. In 1055 cohort members the incidence of asthma, AR, and eczema at 21 years of age was determined using the International Study of Asthma and Allergic disease in Childhood Core Questionnaire. To analyse the association between adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood and asthma, AR, and eczema at age 21 years, relative risks (RR) were calculated.', 'Six hundred and ninety-three (66%) members completed the questionnaire at age 21 years, of whom 104 (15%) had undergone adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy and 262 (38%) reported atopic disease. Children who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy before the age of 8 years were not more likely to develop asthma, AR, or eczema at the age of 21 years than children who did not; RR 0.93 (95% confidence limits (CL) 0.52-1.64), RR 0.94 (CL 0.68-1.30), and RR 1.00 (CL 0.59-1.68), respectively.

A: Is adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy in childhood associated with atopic disease later in life?
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Q: To examine the effect of TRIB3 on endoplasmic reticulum stress induced β-cell apoptosis and to investigate the mechanism with a specific emphasis on the role of NF-κB pathway.', 'We investigated the effect of TRIB3 on ER stress-induced β-cell apoptosis in INS-1 cells and primary rodent islets. The potential role of TRIB3 in ER stress inducer thapsigargin (Tg)-induced β-cell apoptosis was assessed using overexpression and siRNA knockdown approaches. Inducible TRIB3 β-cells, regulated by the tet-on system, were used for sub-renal capsule transplantation in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice, to study the effect of TRIB3 on ER stress-induced β-cell apoptosis in vivo. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining both in vivo and in vitro, while the molecular mechanisms of NF-κB activation were investigated.', 'TRIB3 was induced in ER-stressed INS-1 cells and rodent islets, and its overexpression was accompanied by increased β-cell apoptosis. Specifically, TRIB3 overexpression enhanced Tg-induced INS-1 derived β-cell apoptosis both in vitro and in sub-renal capsular transplantation animal model. Additionally, knockdown of Trib3 blocked Tg-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, the induction of TRIB3 during ER stress resulted in the activation of NF-κB and aggravated INS-1 derived β-cell apoptosis, while inhibiting the NF-κB pathway significantly abrogated this response and prevented β-cell apoptosis, both in vitro and in sub-renal capsular transplantation animal model.

A: Does tRIB3 alter endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced β-cell apoptosis via the NF-κB pathway?
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Q: Gastrin and pepsinogens reflect the functional state of the gastric mucosa.', 'To evaluate whether serum gastrin and pepsinogens correlate with the different grades of severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).', "In all, 388 patients with heartburn not taking any form of acid suppressive therapy were matched-controlled for age and gender and sub-classified into four groups: group 1 non-erosive reflux disease (NERD); group 2, erosive reflux disease (ERD) Los Angeles (LA) A and B, group 3, ERD LA C and D; group 4 Barrett's oesophagus (BO). Fasting serum was analysed for gastrin 17, pepsinogen I, pepsinogen II und Helicobacter pylori using specific EIA tests (GastroPanel; Biohit, Plc).", 'Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance.', 'There was a significant difference among the four groups with respect for pepsinogen I, but not for pepsinogen II, the pepsinogen I pepsinogen II ratio, H. pylori serology and gastrin levels. Pepsinogen I was the lowest in NERD and the highest in BO (median 91.6, mean +/- standard deviation 106.2 +/- 51.6 vs. median 114.7, mean +/- standard deviation 130.4 +/- 70.6; P = 0.046). Pepsinogen I levels were higher in H. pylori positive subjects. After adjusting for H. pylori status, the differences in pepsinogen I across patient groups were no longer statistically significant (P = 0.298).

A:
Do serum gastrin and pepsinogens correlate with the different grades of severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease : a matched case-control study?
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