Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Input: Consider Input: del(17p), del(11q), and associated p53 dysfunction predict for short survival and chemoresistance in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is activated by DNA damage and mediates DNA double-strand break repair. We hypothesized that inhibiting DNA-PK would sensitize CLL cells to drug-induced DNA damage and that this approach could increase the therapeutic index of agents used to treat CLL.', 'Fifty-four CLL cases were characterized for poor prognosis markers [del(17p), del(11q), CD38, and ZAP-70]. In selected cases, DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) expression and activity and p53 function were also measured. Ex vivo viability assays established sensitivity to fludarabine and chlorambucil and also tested the ability of a novel DNA-PK inhibitor (NU7441) to sensitize CLL cells to these drugs. The effects of NU7441 on fludarabine-induced DNA damage repair were also assessed (Comet assays and detection of gammaH2AX).', 'DNA-PKcs levels correlated with DNA-PK activity and varied 50-fold between cases but were consistently higher in del(17p) (P = 0.01) and del(11q) cases. NU7441 sensitized CLL cells to chlorambucil and fludarabine, including cases with del(17p), del(11q), p53 dysfunction, or high levels of DNA-PKcs. NU7441 increased fludarabine-induced double-strand breaks and abrogated drug-induced autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at Ser2056. High DNA-PK levels predicted for reduced treatment-free interval.

Output: 1


Input: Consider Input: We aimed at analyzing the frequency, clinical characteristics, and trends associated with the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of type 1 diabetes on the basis of long-term follow-up data.', 'A total of 106 pediatric diabetes centers in Germany and Austria participated in this study. Data from 14,664 patients with type 1 diabetes collected between 1995 and 2007 were suitable for evaluation. DKA was defined and classified according to the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes consensus guidelines.', 'DKA was observed in 21.1% of patients. The frequency of DKA, including the severe form, remained unchanged throughout the 13-year observation period. The frequency of DKA was particularly striking among children <5 years of age (26.5%).

Output: 1


Input: Consider Input: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the relationship between graft placement and in situ graft force after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.', 'Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained for twelve human cadaveric knees. The knees, in intact and deficient-ACL states, were subjected to external loading conditions as follows: an anterior tibial load of 89 N at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° of flexion and a combined rotatory (simulated pivot-shift) load of 5 Nm of internal tibial torque and 7 Nm of valgus torque at 0°, 15°, and 30° of flexion. Three ACL reconstructions were performed in a randomized order: from the center of the tibial insertion site to the center of the femoral insertion site (Mid), the center of the tibial insertion site to a more vertical femoral position (S1), and the center of the tibial insertion site to an even more vertical femoral position (S2). The reconstructions were tested following the same protocol used for the intact state, and graft in situ force was calculated for the two loadings at each flexion angle. MRI was used to measure the graft inclination angle after each ACL reconstruction.', 'The mean inclination angle (and standard deviation) was 51.7° ± 5.0° for the native ACL, 51.6° ± 4.1° for the Mid reconstruction (p = 0.85), 58.7° ± 5.4° for S1 (p < 0.001), and 64.7° ± 6.5° for S2 (p < 0.001). At 0°, 15°, and 30° of knee flexion, the Mid reconstruction showed in situ graft force that was closer to that of the native ACL during both anterior tibial loading and simulated pivot-shift loading than was the case for S1 and S2 reconstructions. At greater flexion angles, S1 and S2 had in situ graft force that was closer to that of the native ACL than was the case for the Mid reconstruction.


Output: 0