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In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
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Objective: To focus on the potential beneficial effects of the pleiotropic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) on attenuating progression of diabetic kidney disease in reducing the long-term effect of the acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition. , were analyzed, and patients with diabetes weaning from dialysis-requiring AKI were identified. Cox proportional hazards models and inverse-weighted estimates of the probability of treatment were used to adjust for treatment selection bias. The outcomes were incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, and hospitalized heart failure. Results: Of a total of 6165 patients with diabetes weaning from dialysis-requiring AKI identified, 5635 (91.4%) patients were DPP4i nonusers and 530 (8.6%) patients were DPP4i users. Compared with DPP4i nonusers, DPP4i users had a lower risk of ESRD (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70-0.94; P¼.04) and allcause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.23-0.34; P<.001) after adjustments for CKD, advanced CKD, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker use. In contrast, the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and hospitalized heart failure did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor users had a lower risk of ESRD and mortality than did nonusers among patients with diabetes after weaning from dialysis-requiring AKI. Therefore, a prospective study of AKI to CKD transitions after episodes of AKI is needed to optimally target DPP4i interventions.
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Patients and Methods: Data from the National Health Insurance Research Database from


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Coronaviruses strains 229E and OC43 have been associated with various respiratory illnesses ranging from the self-resolving common cold to severe pneumonia. Although chronic underlying conditions are major determinants of severe respiratory virus infections, few data about coronavirus-related pneumonia in immunocompromised patients are available. Here we report 2 well-documented cases of pneumonia related to coronavirus 229E, each with a different clinical presentation. Diagnosis was made on the basis of viral culture and electron microscopy findings that exhibited typical crown-like particles and through amplification of the viral genome by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. On the basis of this report, coronaviruses should be considered as potential causative microorganisms of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.
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Coronavirus 229E-Related Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients


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The constituents of Cimicifuga plants have been extensively investigated, and the principal metabolites are 9,19cyclolanostane triterpenoid glycosides, which are distributed widely in Cimicifuga plants, but not in other members of the Ranunculaceae family, and are considered to be characteristics of the Cimicifuga genus. This type of triterpenoid glycoside possesses several important biological activities. More than 120 cycloartane triterpene glycosides have been isolated from Cimicifuga simplex Wormsk. The aim of this review article is to summarize all the major findings based on the available scientific literatures on C. simplex, with a focus on the identified 9,19-cyclolanostane triterpenoid glycosides. Biological studies of cycloartane triterpene glycosides from Cimicifuga spp. are also discussed. Cimicifuga simplex; Ranunculaceae; Cycloartenol triterpenoid saponins; Biological effects [CLC Number] R284, R965 [Document code] A [Article ID] These authors have no any conflict of interest to declare. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved and biological perspectives. C. simplex, also known as Ku lou ya gen and Long yan gen, is an important species in the original Chinese drug Shengma. In Chinese traditional medicine, as along with other Cimicifuga species, it has been used to clear heat, relieve toxicity, disperse exterior pathogen, promote eruption, and lift spirit [3] . Plant-based formulations for various medicinal applications use different preparation methods, including powders, alcohol extracts, water extracts, and honey processed pills. The roots of C. simplex have been used to treat headache, toothache, aphtha, sore throat, measles, rectocele, and uterine prolapse [11] . The most important biologically active components of C. simplex are the cycloartenol triterpenoid saponins which have good immunosuppressive activities [12] . C. simplex Wormsk. ex DC. (Shengma in Chinese) is a deciduous perennial herb, and is widely distributed in China [13] . Currently, more than 120 cycloartane-type triterpenoids from Cimicifuga simplex have been isolated by several groups [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] , including compounds of cycloartanol type, 16,23-dione type, shengmanol type, hydroshengmanol type, cimifugenin type, cimiacerogenin type, and the cimigenol type. The chemical structures of these cycloartenol triterpenoid saponins are shown in Fig.s 1−7 and are listed in Table 1 . The isolation scheme WU Lun, et al. / Chin J Nat Med, 2015, 13(2): 8189 -82 -for the 9,19-cyclolanostane triterpenoid glycosides from C. simplex is shown in Fig. 8 .
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Cycloartenol triterpenoid saponins from Cimicifuga simplex (Ranunculaceae) and their biological effects