instruction:
In this task, you're given a question, along with three passages, 1, 2, and 3. Your job is to determine which passage can be used to answer the question by searching for further information using terms from the passage. Indicate your choice as 1, 2, or 3.
question:
Question: Did either of the teams Duke City lost to in the 2008 Western Regional go on to win the championship? Passage 1:Duke City's all-star travel team, the Mueñcas Muertas, represented the league at the first WFTDA Championships in 2006, where they finished 19th out of 20 teams. At the 2007 WFTDA Western Regional Tournament Duke City won their opening game 110-82 over the Rocky Mountain Rollergirls, but then lost to Tucson Roller Derby in the quarterfinals, 166-41. At the 2008 Western Regional, Duke City opened with a victory over Pikes Peak Derby Dames and then upset the defending WFTDA Champion Kansas City Roller Warriors 132-117, automatically qualifying for Championships. Duke City then lost to Bay Area in the semifinals and Rat City Rollergirls in the third place game to finish Westerns in fourth place. At Championships in Portland, Duke City lost their opening round game to Gotham Girls Roller Derby 182-25. At the 2009 Western Regional, Duke City lost the fifth place game to Bay Area 105-103 to finish in sixth place. As the eighth seed at the 2009 Western Playoff, Duke City lost their opening games to Tucson and Denver, before falling to Sacred City Derby Girls to finish in tenth place.
 Passage 2:When Joseph left Girton, the First World War was at a critical state; the Battle of the Somme had begun on 1 July 1916. Joseph wanted to assist the war effort, and after considering work on the land or in a munitions factory, took up part-time welfare work in Islington. In the autumn of 1916 she began teaching at Eothen, a small private school for girls in Caterham, founded and run by the Misses Catharine and Winifred Pye. In 1917 Holst's ten-year-old daughter Imogen started at the school; soon, under Joseph's guidance the young pupil was composing her own music. Joseph extended her own musical activities by joining the orchestra at Morley College, where Holst was the director of music and where her brother Edwin had played the cello before the war. At first she played the double-bass, but later took French horn lessons, possibly from Adolph Borsdorf; later still, at very short notice, she taught herself the timpani part for a summer concert. By 1918 she was a member of the Morley committee that on 9 March organised and produced an opera burlesque, English Opera as She is Wrote, in which English, Italian, German, French and Russian opera styles were parodied in successive scenes. The performance was a great success and was repeated at several venues. It may have inspired Holst to use parody in his own opera, The Perfect Fool, which he began composing in 1918. In her spare time Joseph founded and ran a choir for Kensington nannies, which took part in local singing contests as the "Linden Singers".
 Passage 3:He was principal investigator on the REFLECT trial for flosequinan which ran from 1987-1989 and the following PROFILE trial from 1991-1994. He was PI on a study of amlodipine that ran from 1987-1989 and the following PRAISE trial from 1992-1995 and PRAISE 2 from 1996-1999; the PROMISE trial for milrinone 1988-1990; the ATLAS trial for lisinopril from 1993-1997; the PRECISE trial for carvedilol from 1993-1995 and the following COPERNICUS trial from 1997-2002; the ENABLE trial (1999-2001) and REACH-1 trial (1997-2003) for bosentan; the OVERTURE trial (1999-2002) for omapatrilat; REVIVE I and II (2001-2006) for levosimendan; and the TRUE-AHF trial of ularitide that started in 2013. He also chaired the steering committee for the RADIANCE trial from 1989-1992 which studied the use of digoxin in people who were also treated with ACE inhibitors and chaired the steering committee for the RENEWAL trial (1999-2002) for etanercept. He was also the co-PI of the PARADIGM-HF trial that led to the approval of valsartan/sacubitril.

answer:
1


question:
Question: How many years had Irving R. Kaufman been a judge by the time he presided over the trial in which Civello was sentenced to five years for conspiracy? Passage 1:Babyface and fellow songwriter/producer Daryl Simmons first met each other as teenagers in Indianapolis, Indiana. The two played in a couple of bands together and later joined the funk outfit Manchild. The band recorded two albums before disbanding in the late 1970s. Cincinnati based band Midnight Star came to perform in Indianapolis, which became good friends with Babyface and Simmons. Babyface then left Indianapolis for Cincinnati to write songs with Midnight Star - one of which became the song "Slow Jam" from their 1983 album No Parking on the Dance Floor as well as a couple of songs produced by Midnight Star founding member Reggie Calloway on The Whispers' 1984 album So Good. Around that same time, Calloway was producing the debut album for the band The Deele, who had just gotten signed to SOLAR Records. Group members L.A. Reid and Darnell Bristol asked Babyface to join, which led him to ask Simmons to help with songwriting and touring duties. 
 Passage 2:Gerhart Hass was born in Berlin roughly two years before the Nazis took power and transformed Germany into a one-party dictatorship. By the time he left school in 1949 half of Berlin and a large area surrounding the city were being administered as the Soviet occupation zone. He joined the Free German Youth ("Freie Deutsche Jugend" / FDJ), becoming a district secretary for what was in effect the youth wing of the ruling party in what was relaunched, in October of that year, as the German Democratic Republic, a new kind of one-party dictatorship. The next year Hass transferred to Berlin's Humboldt University and embarked on a degree course in History. After a year, however, in 1951 he was recommended for a transfer abroad. For five years he studied History at the Zhdanov University in Leningrad (as the Saint Petersburg State University was then known), and it was from Leningrad that he emerged in 1956 with a History Degree.
 Passage 3:One year after Civello ascended to power, he made a fateful trip that would shed a glaring light on him and La Cosa Nostra in Dallas for years to come. Following the assassination of Albert Anastasia, chief of one of the Five Families of New York, a meeting of mob leaders from cities throughout the United States and Canada was called in order to install Carlo Gambino as Anastasia's successor. A suspiciously large number of black Cadillacs and Lincolns in and around Apalachin, New York, the tiny Upstate New York town where the mob conference was gathering, alerted local law enforcement to investigate. Over 60 underworld bosses were detained and indicted at the Apalachin Meeting, including Civello. Noted federal judge Irving R. Kaufman presided over the 1960 trial in which Civello was sentenced to five years for a conspiracy charge stemming from the Apalachin meeting. Civello retained Houston defense attorney Percy Foreman, and the conviction was reversed on appeal in 1961.

answer:
3


question:
Question: In what city did Barnett teach Maramduke Barton? Passage 1:John Francis Barnett was the son of John Barnett's brother, Joseph Alfred, also a professor of music. John Francis carried on the traditions of the family as a composer and teacher. He obtained a queen's scholarship at the Royal Academy of Music, studied under William Sterndale Bennett and developed into an accomplished pianist, visiting Germany to study in 1857 and playing Mendelssohn's Piano Concerto No. 2 in D minor at a Gewandhaus concert at Leipzig in 1860. His teachers at the Conservatoire in Leipzig included the great pianist Ignaz Moscheles, who had been a pupil of Beethoven. Back in Britain, Barnett enjoyed a successful career as a pianist for some years but concentrated increasingly on composition and teaching. He became noticed as a composer with his symphony in A minor (1864), and followed this with a number of compositions for orchestra, strings and piano. His cantata The Ancient Mariner premiered at Birmingham in 1867, and another, Paradise and the Peri, in 1870, both successfully. In 1873 his most important work, the oratorio The Raising of Lazarus, was written, and in 1876 produced at Hereford. During this period, Barnett also composed several other minor cantatas and piano pieces, and he took an active part as a professor at the Guildhall School of Music and one of the founder-professors of the Royal College of Music, where his students included Marmaduke Barton.
 Passage 2:J. Griffyth Fairfax, a British poet, translator, and politician, was born in Sydney, the only child of Charles Burton Fairfax and Florence Marie, née Frazer. Educated at Winchester School and New College, Oxford, Fairfax served in the 15th Indian Division for the duration of the First World War, and rose to the rank of Captain in the Army Service Corps. Fairfax was a Member of the UK House of Commons representing the borough constituency of Norwich for the Conservative and Unionist Party from the 1924 election until the 1929 election. His first volume of poetry was published in 1908. He was also active in literary circles and had an influence on and was influenced by his friend Ezra Pound.
 Passage 3:RTÉ One airs a variety of programmes each week, both homegrown programming and imported programming. A typical week of programming on RTÉ One would be as follows: On Sunday night RTÉ's flagship talent show The Voice of Ireland airs at 18.30, with the results show following soap opera Fair City at 20.30. Dragon's Den airs at 21.30 on Sunday nights. On Monday nights at 21.35, there is a questions and answers style show called Claire Byrne Live  hosted by Claire Byrne. The long running chat show The Late Late Show hosted by Ryan Tubridy airs Friday nights from 21.35, it is the longest running chat show in the world. On Saturday night, game show  The Million Euro Challenge  airs at around 20.15, The Saturday Night Show airs at around 21.45, similar to The Late Late Show it has a variety of celebrity guests and music performances. Irish soap opera Fair City airs four times a week on RTÉ One, it airs Sundays at 20:30, Tuesdays, and Thursdays at 20.00, and Wednesdays at 19.30, Fair City is similar to the British format for soap operas such as Coronation Street. RTÉ One also airs British soap opera EastEnders weekly at the same times as BBC One. RTÉ One also air a host of films throughout the week including the midweek movie on Wednesday at 21:30 and the big big movie (usually a children's film) Saturdays at 18:30. RTÉ One also air news coverage throughout the week including a 13:00, 18:00, and 21:00 news broadcast every day.

answer:

1