Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Toenail onychomycosis is a common disease that can have serious adverse effects on the quality of life (QOL) of patients.', 'To evaluate the impact of itraconazole pulse therapy on the QOL of patients with toenail onychomycosis.', 'A total of 20 patients with disto-lateral subungual toenail onychomycosis were treated with itraconazole 200 mg twice daily for 1 week every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. The patients were asked to complete a QOL questionnaire before treatment and on the last follow-up visit (week 48). A score of 0-4 was given according to the five possible responses to each question and these were summed to give the final score of the patient. The mean of the final scores of the patients before and after treatment were compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test.', 'At 48 weeks after commencing treatment, 14 patients (70%) responded to treatment (nine patients were cured with almost totally clear toenails and five patients improved), and 16 patients (80%) were mycologically cured (negative KOH smear and culture). The mean of the QOL scores of the patients before treatment was 18.0+/-7.8, which reduced to 13.1+/-11.3 after treatment (two-tailed, p=0.009).

A: Does itraconazole pulse therapy improve the quality of life of patients with toenail onychomycosis?
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Q: The age gap between participants in trials and patients who could benefit from the drugs studied has been widely documented across different clinical areas. Patients with dementia included in clinical research are systematically younger than those in the general population. We examined the age gap between participants in recent clinical trials testing interventions for Alzheimer's disease and epidemiological data.", "We systematically searched literature databases (MedLine, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library) and ClinicalTrials.gov from 2000 to July 2015 to retrieve clinical trials testing pharmacologic treatments for Alzheimer's disease, other than cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. We included ongoing and completed phase II/III randomized clinical trials, irrespective of their publication status. From each study reporting the participants' ages, we extracted size of sample, mean age, and standard deviation, and estimated the proportions of participants in different age classes. The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease by age class in the USA population was used for comparison.", "We included 165 clinical trials testing almost 100 different compounds, which enrolled or planned to enroll about 74,300 participants. Seventy-nine of these trials, accounting for about 26,800 participants, reported the age of the participants. The weighted mean age was 73.6 years (standard deviation, 8.2). People younger than 80 years were highly represented in clinical trials (78 %), despite the fact that those aged 80 and older form the majority (72 %) of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Only 8 % of clinical trial participants were 85 years or older.

A: Are older patients still under-represented in clinical trials of Alzheimer 's disease?
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Q: Korean red ginseng (ginseng, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has traditionally been used in the treatment of most ageing-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, but the mechanism of the effects is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ginseng on obesity in a mouse model of female obesity (obese female db/db mouse) and to investigate the mechanism of anti-obesity effects.', 'After female db/db (B6.Cg-m Lepr(db)/++/J) mice were treated with 5% (w/w) ginseng for 13 weeks, variables and parameters of obesity and disorders related to obesity were examined. Blood vessel density and the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis were also measured.', 'Mice treated with ginseng for 13 weeks had less body weight and lower adipose tissue mass compared to control, untreated mice. The size of adipocytes was smaller in visceral adipose tissues of ginseng-treated mice. Obesity-related complications, such as hepatic steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia, were markedly improved in treated mice. Blood vessel density was lower in visceral adipose tissue sections from treated mice than those from control mice. Concomitantly, mRNA levels for VEGF-A and FGF-2 were lower in both visceral adipose tissue from treated mice and treated 3T3-L1 cells compared to those from untreated controls. Protein levels for VEGF were also lower in visceral adipose tissue from treated mice. In contrast, ginseng increased mRNA expression of genes responsible for energy expenditure and fatty acid β-oxidation in visceral adipose tissue during ginseng-induced weight reduction.

A:
Does ginseng treatment reverse obesity and related disorders by inhibiting angiogenesis in female db/db mice?
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