instruction:
Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.
question:
To determine the association of ethanol intoxication with hypoglycemia in ED patients.', 'Retrospective, laboratory log review of 953 consecutive patients who were evaluated for ethanol intoxication in an urban university hospital ED over a three-month period. Simultaneous serum glucose determination was carried out for each patient and associations between ethanol level and glucose were sought.', 'Glucose concentrations were unavailable for 16 patients (1.7%). Of the remaining patients, 584 patients had detectable ethanol concentrations (ethanol-positive), and 353 had no detectable ethanol (ethanol-negative). Ethanol concentrations (mean +/- SD) in the ethanol-positive group were 50.11 +/- 24.08 mmol/L (231 +/- 111 mg/dL), and glucose concentrations were 5.83 +/- 1.94 mmol/L (105 +/- 35 mg/dL). Hypoglycemia [glucose < 3.72 mmol/L (67 mg/dL)] was observed for five (0.9%) ethanol-positive patients. It was classified as mild-moderate [2.78-3.66 mmol/L (50-66 mg/dL)] for four patients (0.7%) and severe [< 2.78 mmol/L (50 mg/dL)] for one (0.2%). Ethanol concentrations ranged from 25.60 to 68.33 mmol/L (118 to 315 mg/dL). There was no correlation between ethanol and glucose concentrations in any subset of the ethanol-positive patients population. In the ethanol-positive group, patients who had several ethanol-positive visits (56 patients, mean 3.6 visits/patient) accounted for four of the five episodes of hypoglycemia, including the one episode of severe hypoglycemia. The frequency of hypoglycemia in repeat visitors (2.0%) was higher than that in the group of patients without repeat visits (0.2%). In the ethanol-negative group, there were four (1.1%) episodes of mild-moderate hypoglycemia and no severely hypoglycemic patients. Hypoglycemia was not more likely to occur among ethanol-positive patients than it was among ethanol-negative patients.
answer:
1


question:
We examined hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and nuclear factor-kappaB in acquired cystic disease of the kidney associated with renal cell carcinoma to elucidate the roles of these factors in cyst formation and subsequent tumor transformation.', 'Immunohistochemical expression of hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB (active form) were examined in 20 normal kidney samples obtained from nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma and 25 kidneys with acquired cystic disease associated renal cell carcinoma from 23 patients on dialysis.', 'Only faint or weak immunostaining for hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB was observed in normal kidney tissues. In nontumor areas of the kidneys with acquired cystic disease expressions of these 3 proteins was up-regulated in tubular and cyst epithelial cells. Acquired cysts were classified into 3 types according to cyst epithelium morphology, namely flat, cuboidal and hyperplastic. Hyperplastic cysts were the predominant cysts expressing hypoxia-inducible protein 2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. Although up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible protein 2, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB was observed in renal cell carcinoma, positive hypoxia-inducible protein 2 immunostaining was detected predominantly in papillary renal cell carcinoma, while positive hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB immunostaining was prominent in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
answer:
1


question:
The mechanisms and immune pathways associated with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are not fully understood. Immunological changes during acute exacerbation of CRS may provide valuable clues to the pathogenesis and perpetuation of the disease.', 'To characterize local and systemic immune responses associated with acute worsening of sinonasal symptoms during exacerbation in CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) compared to controls.', 'This was a non-interventional prospective study of individuals with CRSwNP and normal controls. Subjects underwent a baseline visit with collection of nasal secretions, nasal washes, and serum specimens. Within 3\xa0days of acute worsening of sinonasal symptoms, subjects underwent a study visit, followed by a post-visit 2\xa0weeks later. The sinonasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22) scores and immunological parameters in the specimens were analysed using a novel, unsupervised learning method and by conventional univariate analysis.', 'Both CRSwNP patients and control subjects showed a significant increase in SNOT-22 scores during acute exacerbation. Increased nasal levels of IL-6, IL-5, and eosinophil major basic protein were observed in CRSwNP patients. A network analysis of serum specimens revealed changes in a set of immunological parameters, which are distinctly associated with CRSwNP but not with controls. In particular, systemic increases in VEGF and GM-CSF levels were notable and were validated by a conventional analysis.
answer:

1