You are given a background paragraph that describes one or more causal or qualitative relationships such as a relationship in economics or a scientific law and a story that makes use of the concepts or the relationship described in the provided paragraph. You are also given a question about the story that requires an understanding of the relationship described in the background paragraph and the story. You need to come up with an answer to the given question; the answer will be a span from either the question or the story. In order to correctly answer the given question, you need to understand the relationship mentioned in the background paragraph and should be able to use it to understand that in the story. Your answer can not consist of any word that is not mentioned in any of these: the background paragraph, the story, or the question. You can directly copy and paste a span from the story or the question while answering the given question.

[Q]: Background Paragraph: The example of someone having a positive experience with a drug is easy to see how drug dependence and the law of effect works. The tolerance for a drug goes up as one continues to use it after having a positive experience with a certain amount the first time.[38] It will take more and more to get that same feeling. This is when the controlled substance in an experiment would have to be modified and the experiment would really begin. The law of work for psychologist B. F. Skinner almost half a century later on the principles of operant conditioning, "a learning process by which the effect, or consequence, of a response influences the future rate of production of that response.[39]. 
Story: The Dope Dogs met to discuss their experiences. They all said they always had a great experience using dope and used the same amount each time. They told how many times they used dope. Ryan used it 14 times, Roger used it 21 times, Joe used it 33 times, Juan used it 44 times, Jack used it 55 times, Albert used it 54 times, and Jonathan used it 66 times. 
Question: Who has a higher tolerance for dope: Ryan or Albert?
[A]: Albert.


[Q]: Background Paragraph: Light may transfer its energy to matter rather than being reflected or transmitted by matter. This is called absorption . When light is absorbed, the added energy increases the temperature of matter. If you get into a car that has been sitting in the sun all day, the seats and other parts of the car’s interior may be almost too hot to touch, especially if they are black or very dark in color. That’s because dark colors absorb most of the sunlight that strikes them. 
Story: There are two cats sitting outside in the sun. One of them has white fur and one of them has black fur. Tina sees them and goes to pet them both.         
                                                  Robert is planning a beach trip and needs to buy a new lounge chair to sit in because his old one is broken. At the store he sees two chairs that he likes. One of the chairs is dark blue and one of the chairs is light blue. 
Question: If left in the sun at the beach which chair color would become warmer the dark blue chair or the light blue chair?
[A]: the dark blue chair.


[Q]: Background Paragraph: Many chemicals that were once commonly used were later found out to be harmful to the environment , to human health, or both. The element lead was once a common additive to gasoline and to paint. Plumbing pipes were once typically made of lead. Only since the 1970s has the danger of lead become apparent. It causes brain damage and small children (who often chewed on objects painted with lead-based paint) are particularly susceptible. The use of lead in gasoline, paint, and plumbing pipes is now banned and new materials are being developed to replace the hazardous lead components. 
Story: Hank and Brian both grew up in the 1950s. They enjoyed playing with toys, but they each had a personal favorite. Hank's favorite toy as a child was his wooden baseball bat. Brian's favorite toy was a metal model car set that came with paint a child could use to paint the car however they wanted. They both have very fond memories of their childhood and Hank still has the baseball bat and his grandchildren now use it when they visit him. 
Question: Which child was less likely exposed to dangerous amounts of lead?
[A]:
Hank.