TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: Bloodstone, agate, and onyx are chalcedonic varieties of this mineral. Other color variations arise from substituting atoms for silicon; iron for citrine and amethysts, titanium for the rose variety. When cemented it makes sandstone and when fused, silica glass. For ten points, identify this mineral composed of crystalline silicon dioxide.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: Protrusions of this substance in the spine are called Schmorl's nodes, and Tietze syndrome occurs when this is inflammed. Its fibro type can be found in symphyses, while the pinna is composed of its elastic type. The hyaline type of this substance is covered by the perichondrium. (*)  Intervertebral discs are made of this substance, which heals slowly due to its lack of blood vessels. Chondrocytes are cells found in this substance, and during endochondral ossification, it is replaced with bone. Patients with osteoarthritis have a loss of this substance, which normally helps lubricate joints. For ten points, name this connective tissue which makes up the human nose and ear.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: One tactic in this battle was inspired by the Battle of Nicopolis, where infantrymen dug palings into the ground to drive off cavalry. Sir Thomas Erpingham led troops in this battle against the Count of Vendome and the Duke of Bourbon. Humphrey, the Duke of Gloucester, was wounded in this battle, which saw French armored troops led by Charles d'Albret get [*] stuck in the mud while English longbowmen picked them off. Leading to the Treaty of Troyes, for 10 points, name this battle fought on St. Crispin's day, 1415, that saw the French routed by England's Henry V in the Hundred Years' War.

SOLUTION:
History