Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[EX Q]: Context: Decisions involving risk often must be made under stressful circumstances. Research on behavioral and brain differences in stress responses suggest that stress might have different effects on risk taking in males and females.', 'In this study, participants played a computer game designed to measure risk taking (the Balloon Analogue Risk Task) fifteen minutes after completing a stress challenge or control task. Stress increased risk taking among men but decreased it among women.
Answer: Acute stress amplifies sex differences in risk seeking; making women more risk avoidant and men more risk seeking. Evolutionary principles may explain these stress-induced sex differences in risk taking behavior.
[EX A]: Does acute stress increase sex differences in risk seeking in the balloon analogue risk task?

[EX Q]: Context: Anemia is an established adverse risk factor in cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of preoperative anemia is not well defined in heart surgery. This study evaluates the effect of preoperative anemia on early clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.', 'A retrospective, observational, cohort study of prospectively collected data was undertaken on 7,738 consecutive patients undergoing heart surgery between April 2003 and February 2009. Of these, 1,856 patients with preoperative anemia were compared to 5,882 patients without anemia (control group). According to the World Health Organization, anemia was defined as hemoglobin level\u2009<\u200913 g/dl for men and <12 g/dl for women. Selection bias not controlled by multivariable methods was assessed with propensity-adjustment method.', 'Overall mortality was 2.1%. Preoperative anemia was associated with tripling in the risk of death (4.6% vs 1.5%, p\u2009<\u20090.0001) and postoperative renal dysfunction (18.5% vs 6.5%, p\u2009<\u20090.0001). There was also a significant difference between the anemic and non-anemic group in the risk of postoperative stroke (1.9% vs 1.1%, p\u2009=\u20090.008), atrial fibrillation (36.7% vs 33%, p\u2009=\u20090.003) and length of hospital stay\u2009>\u20097 days (54% vs 36.7%, p\u2009<\u20090.0001). In propensity-adjusted, multivariable logistic regression, preoperative anemia was an independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 2.03), postoperative renal dysfunction (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.43 to 2.1) and length of hospital stay\u2009>\u20097 days (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.47).
Answer: In patients undergoing heart surgery, preoperative anemia is associated with an increased risk of mortality and postoperative morbidity.
[EX A]: Does preoperative anemia increase mortality and postoperative morbidity after cardiac surgery?

[EX Q]: Context: Nasal vaccination is an effective therapeutic regimen for preventing otitis media. Since cholera toxin (CT) is toxic, an alternative adjuvant is required for the development of a nasal vaccine. The efficacy of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) as a mucosal adjuvant was examined.', 'Mice were immunized intranasally with P6 protein of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and adjuvant, CT, or CpG ODN, and P6-specific antibody responses were examined. The expression of P6-specific cytokine mRNA in splenic CD4 T cells was also determined. In addition, NTHi challenges were performed and the NTHi was quantified in nasal washes.', 'P6-specific IgA in nasal wash and serum IgG titers were elevated significantly after nasal immunization. The IgG1/IgG2a ratio in serum from P6+CpG-immunized mice was less than that of P6+CT-immunized mice. Although IL-6 was expression similarly in both groups, IFN-gamma expression was greater in P6+CpG-immunized mice than in P6+CT-immunized mice. Enhanced clearance of NTHi from the nasopharynx was also shown equally in both groups.
Answer: These results indicate that CpG ODN might be an effective mucosal adjuvant, acting by mechanisms that are different from CT. These findings suggest that nasal vaccination with P6 and CpG ODN might be an effective regimen for the induction of NTHi-specific protective immunity.
[EX A]:
Does nasal vaccination with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide induce protective immunity against non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in the nasopharynx?