TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: author claimed that there is no right to hold a bird of prey accountable for being a bird of prey. Ernst Haeckel latched onto this philosopher's idea of the "world riddle. " A renowned translator and interpreter of this philosopher's works was Walter Kaufman. This thinker chastised his prior love of Wagner in an "attempt at self-criticism" appended to a work in which he contrasted the Dionysian and Apollonian aspects of the title art form. He described the "blond beast" in his treatment of ethics, On the Genealogy of Morals. For 10 points, name this philosopher who proclaimed "God is Dead" in The Gay Science and wrote The Birth of Tragedy.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: He incorporated Eastern ideas, free-jazz tendencies and boundless energy in such pieces as My Favorite Things, Sun Ship and Meditations. His first jazz recordings were with Dizzy Gillespie's band; he joined the original Miles Davis Quintet in 1955, but was booted because of heroin addiction two years later. He then quit heroin, had a religious awakening and rejoined Miles Davis in early 1958. He would leave, however, to form his own quartet. For 10 points-name this tenor saxophonist whose masterwork was 1964's A Love Supreme.

SOLUTION: Fine Arts

PROBLEM: Its leader demanded the confiscation of all church lands, and John Ball backed the demand that mandatory work on church lands be ended. Begun in Brentwood, the ruler during this event made several promises at Mile End shortly after the house of his uncle, John of Gaunt, had his palace torched. In the aftermath, the Prior at Bury St. Edmonds was beheaded, and (*) Cambridge University's privileges were handed over to the town. Simon of Sudbury and Sir Robert Hales were killed during it, and its leader was slain at Smithfield. In the build-up to this insurrection, the government attempted to fix maximum wages through the Statute of Laborers. FTP, identify this insurrection brought on by a poll tax, led by Wat Tyler and named for the lower-class citizens who made up its ranks.

SOLUTION:
History