Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Context: Histamine-related drugs are commonly used in the treatment of vertigo and related vestibular disorders. The site of action of these drugs however has not been elucidated yet. Recent works on amphibians showed that histamine H3 receptor antagonists, e.g. betahistine, inhibit the afferent discharge recorded from the vestibular nerve. To assess the expression of H3 histamine receptors in vestibular neurons, we performed mRNA RT-PCR and immunofluorescence experiments in mouse Scarpa's ganglia.", 'RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of H3 receptor mRNA in mouse ganglia tissue. H3 protein expression was found in vestibular neurons characterized by large and roundish soma, which labeled for calretinin and calbindin.
Answer: The present results are consistent with calyx and dimorphic, but not bouton, afferent vestibular neurons expressing H3 receptors. This study provides a molecular substrate for the effects of histamine-related antivertigo drugs acting on (or binding to) H3 receptors, and suggest a potential target for the treatment of vestibular disorders of peripheral origin.

A: Do calyx and dimorphic neurons of mouse Scarpa 's ganglion express histamine H3 receptors?
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Q: Context: In patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been shown to improve in parallel with improvement in disease severity.', 'To evaluate the role of pruritus (itch) in mediating the relationship between improvements in disease severity and HRQOL.', 'Data from a phase 2 clinical trial, in which 142 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis received ixekizumab or placebo, were used for this posthoc analysis. Relationships between improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Itch Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), as well as in individual DLQI domains (symptoms and feelings, treatment, work and school, daily activities, leisure, and personal relationships) from baseline to week 16 were determined. Multiple hierarchical linear regressions and Sobel tests were conducted to evaluate the results.', 'Improvement in PASI was highly correlated with pruritus improvement and improvements in DLQI total and domain scores at week 16 (P\xa0<\xa00·01). Multiple hierarchical linear regression analyses showed a statistically significant (P\xa0<\xa00·01) association between improvement in pruritus and improvement in DLQI total score and each of the six DLQI domain scores after adjusting for improvement in PASI. Sobel tests indicated that pruritus had a significant mediation effect (P\xa0<\xa00·05) on the association of PASI improvement with improvement in DLQI total score and all domains except the personal relationships score.
Answer: Pruritus appears to be an important mediator of the association between improvements in disease severity and HRQOL in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.

A: Is itching a significant problem and a mediator between disease severity and quality of life for patients with psoriasis : results from a randomized controlled trial?
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Q: Context: The aim of this retrospective single-center study was to assess the authors' results in mitral-aortic double valve replacement (DVR), with attention focused on the risk factors of in-hospital mortality (HM). As the initial results showed a strong relationship between HM and aortic prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM), this led to an assessment of the impact of PPM on the early results of DVR.", "Data from 196 consecutive patients (mean age 60 +/- 10 years) who had undergone DVR between January 1996 and December 2011 at the authors' institution were analyzed. A statistical comparison was made of groups defined by the presence/absence of in-hospital death, postoperative complications, and aortic PPM. A logistic regression analysis of the factors associated with HM and their postoperative evolution was also conducted.", 'Surgery was mostly performed on an elective basis (89.3%), using mainly bileaflet mechanical valves (93.9%). The rate of associated coronary bypass (CABG) was 11.2%. Aortic PPM (i.e., an effective orifice area index (EOAI) < or = 0.85 cm2/m2) was noted in 28.1% of patients. HM (6.63%) was significantly related to PPM (p < 0.002), greater age (p < 0.003), a smaller EOAI (p = 0.005), associated CABG (p < 0.008), and a longer aortic cross-clamp time (p < 0.03). Patients with aortic PPM had a significantly worse early outcome, with higher overall (p < 0.0007) and cardiac (p < 0.05) complication rates, a longer intensive care unit stay (p < 0.03), and an almost six-fold higher rate of HM (16.4% versus 2.8%; p < 0.002). PPM and age as risk factors were included in a predictive model of HM based on logistic regression; a similar model for postoperative complications highlighted PPM, age and cardiopulmonary bypass time as significant risk factors.
Answer: Aortic PPM greatly affects the postoperative outcome of DVR, as it is related to an increased complication rate and a higher in-hospital mortality. A strategy of avoiding PPM but without taking additional risks might improve the early results of DVR.

A:
Does aortic prosthesis-patient mismatch strongly affect early results of double valve replacement?
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