Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: Oesophageal cancer is generally associated with late presentation and poor prognosis. Therefore palliative surgery has been largely superseded by less invasive non-surgical techniques. Once palliation is indicated, the aims of the management should be: the maintenance of oral intake, minimizing hospital stay, relief of pain, elimination of reflux and regurgitation and the prevention of aspiration.', 'This study was a review of all published English language data on the palliation of malignant dysphagia between 1994-1999. The Medline and Bids databases were searched and other references were derived from the material perused.

A: 0
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Q: To analyze whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ2) rs1801282 (Pro12Ala) polymorphism is associated with the response to pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin treatment in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients, and whether it is able to predict the outcome of HCV treatment.', 'Retrospective follow-up study.', 'Two hundred eighty-five naive patients, who started HCV-treatment, were genotyped for PPARγ2 and interleukin 28B polymorphisms. Genetic data were analyzed under dominant inheritance model. Sustained virological response (SVR) was defined as undetectable HCV viremia through 24 weeks after the end of HCV treatment.', 'The variables significantly associated with SVR in a multivariate analysis were HCV-genotype (GT) 3 {adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.66 [95% of confidence interval (95% CI): 3.96 to 14.81] P < 0.001}, HCV-viremia <500,000 IU/mL [aOR = 2.20 (95% CI: 1.16 to 4.15] P = 0.015), no/mild liver fibrosis (F < 2) [aOR = 1.92 (95% CI: 1.08 to 3.42) P = 0.026], IL28B rs12980275 AA genotype [aOR = 2.70 (95% CI: 1.54 to 4.71) P < 0.001], and PPARγ2 rs1801282 CG/GG genotype [aOR = 2.93 (95% CI: 1.27 to 6.72) P = 0.011]. When PPARγ2 rs1801282 genotype was included in a decision tree analysis, HCV-GT3 patients with CG/GG genotype had increased SVR from 80.3% to 100%. In GT1/4 patients, rs12980275 AA carriers had increased SVR from 58.7% to 78.6%, and rs12980275 AG/GG carriers had increased SVR from 28.7% to 35.7%. The overall percentage of patients correctly classified was 71.6% and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.766 ± 0.028.

A: 1
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Q: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical value of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT-3D-TEE) for percutaneous transcatheter closure of multiple secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) using a Chinese domestic occluder device.', 'From July 2008 to September 2011, 37 patients (mean age 28.4 ± 9.7 years; 24 females) with multiple secundum ASDs underwent percutaneous transcatheter closure in our institution with custom-made occluder devices. RT-3D-TEE was used to clarify the diagnosis and to help determine the operation scheme before the procedure, for real-time monitoring and guiding the operation during the procedure, and for evaluating the result shortly after the procedure.', 'The custom-made atrial septal occluders were successfully implanted in 36 patients under RT-3DTEE guidance. Twenty-seven patients were implanted with two devices and 9 patients with a single device. In two patients where the distance between the two defects was less than 7 mm (5.5 mm and 6 mm), double occluder devices were also successfully implanted. One patient underwent surgery for the complication of unstable occluder and increased residual shunt after closure. No other severe complications were observed.

A:
0
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