Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[Q]: The IL-1 family of cytokines is known to play an important role in inflammation therefore understanding the mechanism by which they are produced is paramount. Despite the recent plethora of publications dedicated to the study of these cytokines, the mechanism by which they are produced in the airway following endotoxin, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exposure is currently unclear. The aim was to determine the mechanism by which the IL-1 cytokines are produced after LPS inhaled challenge.', 'Mice were challenged with aerosolised LPS, and lung tissue and bronchiolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected. Targets were measured at the mRNA and protein level; caspase activity was determined using specific assays.', 'BALF IL-1b/IL-18, but not IL-1a, was dependent on Ice Protease-Activating Factor (IPAF), and to a lesser extent Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC). Interestingly, although we measured an increase in mRNA expression for caspase 1 and 11, we could not detect an increase in lung enzyme activity or a role for them in IL-1a/b production. Further investigations showed that whilst we could detect an increase in caspase 8 activity at later points in the time course (during resolution of inflammation), it appeared to play no role in the production of IL-1 cytokines in this model system.
[A]: 0


[Q]: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare microwave disinfection with chemical disinfection of dental gypsum casts.', 'A total of 120 casts were prepared from a silicone mold using Type III dental stone. Of the 120 casts, 60 casts were contaminated with 1 ml suspension of Staphylococcus aureus and 60 casts were contaminated with 1 ml suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Then, the casts were disinfected with microwave irradiation and chemical disinfection using the microwave oven and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite. Bacteriologic procedures were performed; the cfu/ml for each cast was calculated as a weighted mean. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test.', 'The untreated casts showed Brain heart infusion broth counts of 106 log cfu/ml compared to irradiated and chemically disinfected casts, in which 105 log reduction of cfu/ml was seen. These results satisfied the requirements of current infection control guidelines for the dental laboratory. The results obtained for chemical disinfection were in equivalence with microwave disinfection.
[A]: 0


[Q]: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The only curative treatment is surgery. As hepatocellular carcinoma is often associated with liver cirrhosis, patients are at risk for postoperative liver failure. In the recent years, platelets are thought to play an important role in liver regeneration.The aim of this study was to discover the relevance of postoperative platelet counts after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.', 'Data of 68 patients who underwent liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma between July 2007 and July 2012 in a single centre were analysed. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were evaluated in regard to postoperative platelet counts. Comparative analysis between patients with platelet counts ≤100 2x109/ l and >100 x109/ l at d1 was performed in regard to postoperative outcome.', 'Within this cohort, 43 patients (63%) suffered from histologically proven liver cirrhosis. Postoperative mortality was statistically significant associated with postoperative reduced platelet counts. Comparative analysis showed significantly elevated postoperative bilirubin levels and lower prothrombin time in patients with platelet counts ≤ 100 1x109/ l at d1.
[A]:
1