In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Input: Consider Input: Phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids a b s t r a c t The stereoselective synthesis of epi-thieno analogues of the phenanthroquinolizidine bioactive alkaloids (À)-Cryptopleurine and (À)-(15R)-Hydroxycryptopleurine was achieved in five steps starting from easily available enantiopure (S)-2-aminoadipic acid used as chiral pool and nitrogen atom source. During these investigations, both p-cationic cyclization of chiral N-thienylmethyl-6-oxopipecolinic acids into pure (S)keto-lactams and theirs regioselective and diastereoselective reduction, considered as key steps of this sequence, were studied. Of particular interest, the FriedeleCrafts cyclization using (CF 3 CO) 2 O/BF 3 $Et 2 O show that near the expected keto-lactams, enamides and enamidones containing trifluoromethyl residue were isolated. A mechanism leading to the latter products with high synthetic potential was discussed.

Output: Use of chiral-pool approach into epi-thieno analogues of the scarce bioactive phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids


Input: Consider Input: Several studies suggest that the open reading frame 3 (ORF3) gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is related to viral infectivity and pathogenicity, but its function remains unknown. Here, we propose a structure model of the ORF3 protein consisting of four TM domains and forming a tetrameric assembly. ORF3 protein can be detected in PEDV-infected cells and it functions as an ion channel in both Xenopus laevis oocytes and yeast. Mutation analysis showed that Tyr170 in TM4 is important for potassium channel activity. Furthermore, viral production is reduced in infected Vero cells when ORF3 gene is silenced by siRNA. Interestingly, the ORF3 gene from an attenuated PEDV encodes a truncated protein with 49 nucleotide deletions, which lacks the ion channel activity.

Output: PEDV ORF3 encodes an ion channel protein and regulates virus production


Input: Consider Input: The response to the novel coronavirus outbreak in China suggests that many of the lessons from the 2003 SARS epidemic have been implemented and the response improved as a consequence. Nevertheless some questions remain and not all lessons have been successful. The national and international response demonstrates the complex link between public health, science and politics when an outbreak threatens to impact on global economies and reputations. The unprecedented measures implemented in China are a bold attempt to control the outbreakwe need to understand their effectiveness to balance costs and benefits for similar events in the future.


Output: Epidemiology and Infection SARS to novel coronavirus -old lessons and new lessons