In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

Q: to the extent that cooper may be read to permit proof only by probable cause, it is overruled.

A: overruling
****
Q: we now expressly overrule the bowers and braden courts and hold that the plaintiff's minority does not toll the medical malpractice statute of repose.

A: overruling
****
Q: r., 254 s.w.2d 394 (1953) and other cases are in conflict with our holding today, they are overruled."

A:
overruling
****