instruction:
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
question:
A paper by Whlean et al. found that it can be used more effectively than the Lopatin method with fast-reacting kerogens in defining the oil or gas production windows in sediments. A similar equation that produces the same output can generate concave, convex, or linear like this equation, but has the advantage of being able to be applied to all mixed phase reactions and is known as the Eyring equation. One component in it is related to the frequency of molecular collisions. It can be modified in the case where the pre-exponential factor is proportional to T raised to a constant, an equation also modified by B, a temperature independent constant. Originally discovered experimentally by J. J. Hood, FTP, identify this equation that relates how temperature affects the velocity of a chemical reaction, named for its Swedish formulator.
answer:
Science


question:
The differential of this quantity, which is given in general by minus Boltzmanns constant times the thermodynamic temperature times the natural logarithm of the partition function, is non-positive for isothermal, isometric processes, so it is minimized for equilibria in constant-temperature, constant-volume systems. It gives the available useful energy from a closed system, so it is usually symbolized A from the German for work. The p-V Legendre transform of a similar quantity named for Gibbs, it is given by the internal energy minus the absolute temperature times the entropy. For 10 points, name this thermochemical quantity, a thermodynamic potential named for a German physicist.
answer:
Science


question:
Seven years after the book was published, Shigeru Nakayama (she-GAY-ru nah-kah-YAH-mah) convinced the author to write a "Postscript--1969" which suggests a project for sociological study of a certain kind of community. The introduction considers a "role for history," and subsequent chapters take on anomaly, crisis, and the nature and necessity of the titular occurrences, which appear as invisible revolutionary changes in world view. FTP, identify this book, first published in 1962 by MIT professor Thomas Kuhn, which introduced the concept of "paradigm shifts. "
answer:

Social Science