TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: The lemma named for this person states that if a prime number divides a product, then it divides a   factor of that product. Janos Bolyai and Nikolai Lobachevsky developed a system that was notable  for not following all of this person's rules. A so-called orchard is named for this person because of   his algorithm for finding greatest common divisors. A book he wrote states that if a line segment  intersects two lines, then the lines meet on the side of the segment where the interior angle sum is  less than two right angles, the last of his five postulates. Name this mathematician whose Elements  was a standard text of geometry.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: A weight of the nth power of this parameter is imputed to contributions to elements of an S matrix by nth-order Feynman diagrams; thus, this number can be considered the order of expansion in perturbative quantum electrodynamics. This constant is a measure of the electron anomalous magnetic moment, which explains its role in the relativistic splitting of atomic spectral lines that is its namesake. The coupling constant for the electromagnetic interactions of electrons, it is equal to the square of the ratio of the electron and Planck charges, or, in cgs units, the electron charge squared divided by the speed of light times Diracs constant. For ten points, name this physical constant usually denoted alpha and equal to about one over one hundred thirty-seven.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: According to the midrash, it was created on the fifth day, and it's carcass finds many uses, both as an excellent material for building a sukkah as told by the prayer at the end of Sukkot and as one of three creatures used as food for the people. According to Rashi, it was one of the Taninim, and there were originally both a male and a female, but Yahweh killed the female out of fear that their offspring would wipe out the human race. It bears thematic resemblance to a seven-headed creature slain by Baal in Canaanite myth. For 10 points, name this Biblical monster, companion of the ziz and the behemoth, a giant sea serpent that gives a name to a work about absolutist governance.

SOLUTION:
Social Science