Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Altered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of lactate have been described in neurodegenerative diseases and related to mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal degeneration. We investigated the relationship between CSF lactate levels, disease severity, and biomarkers associated with neuroaxonal damage in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).', 'One-hundred eighteen subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) were included, along with one-hundred fifty seven matched controls. CSF levels of lactate, tau protein, and neurofilament light were detected at the time of diagnosis. Patients were followed-up for a mean of 5 years. Progression index (PI), multiple sclerosis severity scale (MSSS), and Bayesian risk estimate for multiple sclerosis (BREMS) were assessed as clinical measures of disease severity and progression. Differences between groups and correlation between CSF lactate, disease severity and CSF biomarkers of neuronal damage were explored.', 'CSF lactate was higher in RRMS patients compared to controls. A negative correlation was found between lactate levels and disease duration. Patients with higher CSF lactate concentration had significantly higher PI, MSSS, and BREMS scores at long-term follow-up. Furthermore, CSF lactate correlated positively and significantly with CSF levels of both tau protein and neurofilament light protein.
Answer: Measurement of CSF lactate may be helpful, in conjunction with other biomarkers of tissue damage, as an early predictor of disease severity in RRMS patients. A better understanding of the alterations of mitochondrial metabolic pathways associated to RRMS severity may pave the way to new therapeutic targets to contrast axonal damage and disease severity.
Is cerebrospinal fluid lactate associated with multiple sclerosis disease progression?

Context: The aim of this study was to examine the utility of a hierarchical algorithm incorporating codes from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health--ICF (WHO, 2001) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases-ICD (WHO, 1994) to classify reasons for eligibility of young children in early intervention.', 'The database for this study was a nationally representative enrollment sample of more than 5,500 children in a longitudinal study of early intervention. Reasons for eligibility were reviewed and matched to the closest ICF or ICD codes under one of four major categories (Body Functions/Structures, Activities/Participation, Health Conditions, and Environmental Factors).', 'The average number of reasons for eligibility provided per child was 1.5, resulting in a population summary exceeding 100%. A total of 305 ICF and ICD codes were used with most (77%) of the children having codes in the category of Body Function/Structures. Forty-one percent of the sample had codes of Health Conditions, whereas the proportions with codes in the Activities/Partipication and Environmental Categories were 10 and 5%, respectively.
Answer: The results demonstrate that ICD and ICF can be jointly used as a common language to document disability characteristics of children in early intervention.
Do iCF and ICD codes provide a standard language of disability in young children?

Context: Uric acid is a well known antioxidant; however, the relationship between serum uric acid levels and oxidative stress-caused disorders including cardiovascular diseases is not clear yet. Transthoracic Doppler echocardiographic measurement of coronary flow reserve is a useful tool to investigate coronary flow reserve and coronary microvascular functions. In this study, we investigated the possible association between serum uric acid concentrations and coronary flow reserve in healthy adults.', 'One hundred healthy volunteers with normal uric acid levels, between 18 and 55 years of age, were included in this study. The study group was divided into two with regard to the serum uric acid levels. Coronary diastolic peak flow velocities were measured at baseline and after dipyridamole infusion (0.56 mg/kg over 4 min) using echocardiography.', 'Coronary flow reserve and hyperemic mean peak flow velocity were significantly greater in participants with lower serum uric acid concentrations (< or =234 micromol/l for women, < or =302 micromol/l for men) than in those with higher serum uric acid concentrations (>234 micromol/l for women, >302 micromol/l for men) (2.91+/-0.5 vs. 2.47+/-0.5, P<0.001; 66.8+/-11.4 vs. 61.1+/-16.5, P=0.04). The baseline mean peak flow velocity was significantly greater in participants with higher serum uric acid concentrations than in those with lower serum uric acid concentrations (24.7+/-4.1 vs. 23.1+/-2.4, P=0.02).
Answer: Lower serum uric acid concentrations might be regarded as indicative of coronary microvascular and conductance vessel functionality.

Are coronary flow reserve and coronary microvascular functions strongly related to serum uric acid concentrations in healthy adults?