In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
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Question: Context: To detect the resistin expression of white adipose tissue in diet-induced obese (DIO) versus diet-resistant (DR) rats, and to investigate the relationship of mutated resistin and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation.', 'RT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect gene /protein expression. 3T3-L1 cells were cultured, transfected, and induced to differentiation using 0.5 mmol/L 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (MIX), 1 mg/L insulin, and 1 micromol/L dexamethasone. Oil red O staining was applied to detect the degree of preadipocytes differentiation.', 'Expression of resistin mRNA was upregulated in DIO rats and downregulated in DR rats. However, the expression levels varied greatly within the groups. Sequencing of the resistin genes from DIO and DR rats revealed a Leu9Val (C25G) missense mutation within the signal peptide in one DR rat. The mutant resistin inhibited preadipocyte differentiation. Local experiments and Western blotting with tagged resistin fusion proteins identified both mutant and wild type proteins in the cytoplasm and secreted into the culture medium. Computer predictions using the Proscan and Subloc programs revealed four putative phosphorylation sites and a possible leucine zipper motif within the rat resistin protein.\Question: Does a mutation in signal peptide of rat resistin gene inhibit differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes?

Answer: Resistin-increased differentiation may be inhibited by the mutation-containing precursor protein, or by the mutant non-secretory resistin isoform.


Question: Context: Monitoring renal function is crucial in children undergoing chemotherapy. To date, a combination of routine serum creatinine (SCR) monitoring with occasional determination of creatinine clearance ratio (CCR) is widely used as clinical standard for this purpose. Both methods have their limitations regarding diagnostic value (SCR) or practicability (CCR), especially in young children. Diagnostic alternatives, such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation formulas have not been proved to be superior. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether serum cystatin C (CysC) may have a diagnostic impact on pediatric patients.', 'CysC, SCR, several GFR estimation formulas (Counahan-Barratt, Ghazali-Barratt, Schwartz, Shull, Traub), and CCR were studied in 80 pediatric cancer patients (age range: 0.17-17.9 years) during their chemotherapy. Special attention was given to children under the age of 3 in whom accurate urine collection for CCR is difficult.', 'All parameters correlated similarly well with CCR. Total accuracy was 66% and 67% for CysC and SCR, respectively. In very young children (<3 years), correlation with CCR was for CysC r = -0.74 with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.646, and for SCR r = -0.27 with AUC = 0.594. Total accuracy was 60% for CysC, 50% for SCR.\Question: Is serum cystatin C a suitable marker for routine monitoring of renal function in pediatric cancer patients , especially of very young age?

Answer: CysC represents a suitable marker for monitoring renal function in pediatric cancer patients. In young children (<3 years), CysC may have a better diagnostic value than SCR. Future studies should show if CysC can improve renal monitoring by replacing SCR, especially in very young children.


Question: Context: The mainstay of toxoplasmosis treatment targets the folate biosynthetic pathways and has not changed for the last 50 years. The activity of these chemotherapeutic agents is restricted to one lifecycle stage of Toxoplasma gondii, they have significant toxicity, and the impending threat of emerging resistance to these agents makes the discovery of new therapies a priority. We now demonstrate that auranofin, an orally administered gold containing compound that was FDA approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has activity against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro (IC50\u200a=\u200a0.28 µM) and in vivo (1 mg/kg).', 'Replication within human foreskin fibroblasts of RH tachyzoites was inhibited by auranofin. At 0.4 µM, auranofin inhibited replication, as measured by percent infected fibroblasts at 24 hrs, (10.94% vs. 24.66% of controls; p\u200a=\u200a0.0003) with no effect on parasite invasion (16.95% vs. 12.91% p\u200a=\u200a0.4331). After 18 hrs, 62% of extracellular parasites treated with auranofin were non-viable compared to control using an ATP viability assay (p\u200a=\u200a0.0003). In vivo, a previously standardized chicken embryo model of acute toxoplasmosis was used. Fourteen day old chicken embryos were injected through the chorioallantoic vein with 1×104 tachyzoites of the virulent RH strain. The treatment group received one dose of auranofin at the time of inoculation (1 mg/kg estimated body weight). On day 5, auranofin-treated chicken embryos were 100% protected against death (p\u200a=\u200a0.0002) and had a significantly reduced parasite load as determined by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and by the number of parasites quantified by real-time PCR.\Question: Is auranofin highly efficacious against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in an in vivo experimental model of acute toxoplasmosis?

Answer:
These results reveal in vitro and in vivo activity of auranofin against T. gondii, suggesting that it may be an effective alternative treatment for toxoplasmosis.