TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: When it interacts with ryanodine receptors, this element upregulates its own release, and this compound forms the cell plates of coccolithophores. Stimulation of Gq ("g-sub-q") opens a channel that allows for this ion's movement, and proteins that bind this ion have an EF hand motif. Cellular concentrations of this ion are regulated by IP3. Parafollicular cells of the (*) thyroid produce a compound that reduces the concentration of this ion in blood, and its intestinal absorption requires vitamin D. This ion interacts with Troponin to stimulate muscle contraction, and the lumens of sarcoplasmic reticula have high concentrations of this ion. For 10 points, name this divalent cation that is stored in bones.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: This writer distinguished between learning through description and learning through acquaintance in a work that introduces the Cartesian method of doubt with the example of a table. This man attempted to solve the problem of negative existentials in a work that claimed that "Aristotle" was not a name but a description. That work by this man also criticized Meinong and rejects the distinction between propositions and truth values proposed in (*) Frege's On Sense and Reference. This author of The Problems of Philosophy and "On Denoting" introduced his namesake paradox in naive set theory in a work that attempted to explain mathematics with axiomatic logic. For 10 points, name this British philosopher who co-wrote Principia Mathematica with Alfred North Whitehead.

SOLUTION: Social Science

PROBLEM: This instrument plays a long solo over a timpani roll at the beginning of Sibelius' Symphony No. 1. This instrument evolved from the older chalmeau, a word that also names this instrument's lower register. Multiple concertos for two soloists playing this instrument were composed by Franz Krommer, while virtuosos of this instrument include Julian Bliss and Sabine Meyer. Mozart's concerto in A minor for this instrument was written for Anton Stadler, while Stravinsky wrote the Ebony Concerto for Woody Herman. A glissando for this instrument opens Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue and it represents the cat in Peter and the Wolf. For 10 points, identify this single-reed woodwind performed by Benny Goodman.

SOLUTION:
Fine Arts