TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a sentence from the research paper and your task is to classify the given sentence into the following categories: Background (Why is this problem important? What relevant works have been created before? What is still missing in the previous works? What are the high-level research questions? How might this help other research or researchers?), Purpose (What specific things do the researchers want to do? What specific knowledge do the researchers want to gain? What specific hypothesis do the researchers want to test?), Method (How did the researchers do the work or find what they sought? What are the procedures and steps of the research?), or Finding (What did the researchers find out? Did the proposed methods work? Did the thing behave as the researchers expected?). 
PROBLEM: cell apoptosis , and interferon ( IFN ) signalling was studied by flow cytometric analysis and quantitative RT - ( q ) PCR using shBCN1-MDBK cells.

SOLUTION: method

PROBLEM: Here we report the cloning and characterization of the cDNA and gene encoding porcine DC-SIGN ( pDC-SIGN ).

SOLUTION: purpose

PROBLEM: However , little is known about JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ) - infected immature dendritic cells ( iDCs ).

SOLUTION:
background