Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Breast reconstruction (BR) following mastectomy for breast cancer has been shown to improve quality of life and body image; however, there is significant geographic variation in BR rates. We explored factors associated with BR following mastectomy.', 'This is a population-based data linkage study consisting of cancer registry records linked to hospital inpatient episodes for 4104 women aged 20\u2009years and over-diagnosed with a first primary invasive localized stage breast cancer between 1997 and 2012 in Queensland, Australia, who underwent a mastectomy. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model predictors of BR.', 'Overall, 481 women (11.7%) underwent reconstruction. Proportions increased over time and were higher for younger women. Younger age, more recent diagnosis, living in high or very high accessibility areas or less disadvantaged areas, smaller tumours and attending a private or high-volume hospital independently increased the odds of reconstruction. The geographical disparity reduced significantly over time.
Answer: Geographical barriers to accessing BR have reduced; however, continued monitoring and further research to inform strategies to further reduce subgroup disparities remain a priority.

Output: Does geographical disparity in breast reconstruction following mastectomy have reduced over time?


Input: Consider Input: Context: To determine the efficacy of the National Athletic Trainers' Association Board of Certification (NATABOC) clinical experience requirements and individual student characteristics to predict candidate outcomes on the NATABOC certification examination.", 'For all subjects, we gathered survey information and examination scores. The survey information included age, sex, route to certification, previous athletic training and allied health experience, and clinical education experiences.', 'A total of 269 subjects, 22.25% of all first-time candidates for the June and November 1993 NATABOC examinations, were included in this study.', 'Data were analyzed for standard descriptive statistics and parametric linear regression and correlational relationships.', 'Total clinical hours, high-risk sport experiences, and previous athletic training experience were not predictive of examination outcomes. Although our results indicated a relationship between previous allied health experience and both outcome on the written section of the examination and age and outcome on the oral/practical section, these characteristics also were not predictive of examination outcomes.
Answer: Gaining clinical experience hours in excess of 400 hours beyond the 800-or 1500-hour requirement may yield no greater benefit for an entry-level professional than less time. The quality, rather than the quantity, of clinical experiences should be evaluated. More emphasis should be placed on the achievement of an entry level of clinical competency, rather than on total hour collection. Also, because high-risk sport experiences did not predict outcomes on the NATABOC examination, the emphasis of clinical education should be on students' receiving a more structured clinical experience, in which they are progressively required to assume greater responsibilities integrating both cognitive and psychomotor skills, while working under the supervision of a certified athletic trainer.

Output: Are clinical Experiences Predictive of Outcomes on the NATABOC Examination?


Input: Consider Input: Context: The effect of grape seed indigestible fraction (GSIF) on cecal enzyme activity was studied.', 'Beta-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase, azoreductase, nitroreductase and nitrate reductase were measured in the cecal content of adult Wistar rats fed with a fiber-free diet supplemented with 5% cellulose or 5% GSIF as the source of dietary fiber for 4 weeks.', 'The intake of GSIF did not affect body weight gain nor food intake. However, GSIF caused a significant increase in cecal content, cecal wall and fresh and dry stool weight. Bacterial enzyme activities were lower in the GSIF-fed group than in the cellulose-fed group, although the difference was also significant for nitroreductase and beta-glucuronidase.
Answer: Adaptation to a diet containing GSIF led to changes in microbial activity that involved a decrease in reductive and hydrolytic enzymatic activities implicated in the conversion of procarcinogens into carcinogens.


Output: Do indigestible components of grape seeds modify cecal enzyme activity in rats?