In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and a question based on the context. You have to classify the questions into "Extractive", "Abstractive", or "Yes-no" questions. Extractive questions can be answered by concatenating extracts taken from a context into a summary while answering abstractive questions involves paraphrasing the context using novel sentences. Yes-no question is a question whose expected answer is one of two choices, one that affirms the question and one that denies the question. Typically, the choices are either yes or no.

Input: Consider Input: We began with evaluating standard MT paradigms, i.e., PBSMT BIBREF3 and NMT BIBREF1 . As for PBSMT, we also examined two advanced methods: pivot-based translation relying on a helping language BIBREF10 and induction of phrase tables from monolingual data BIBREF14 .

As for NMT, we compared two types of encoder-decoder architectures: attentional RNN-based model (RNMT) BIBREF2 and the Transformer model BIBREF18 . In addition to standard uni-directional modeling, to cope with the low-resource problem, we examined two multi-directional models: bi-directional model BIBREF11 and multi-to-multi (M2M) model BIBREF8 .

After identifying the best model, we also examined the usefulness of a data augmentation method based on back-translation BIBREF17 . 
 Question: what was the baseline?

Output: Extractive


Input: Consider Input: Noticeably, despite being both based on and integrated into a BERT$_\text{base}$ model, our architecture even outperforms a standalone BERT$_\text{large}$ model by a large margin. 
 Question: What models other than standalone BERT is new model compared to?

Output: Abstractive


Input: Consider Input: We apply our adaptively sparse Transformers on four machine translation tasks.  IWSLT 2017 German $\rightarrow $ English BIBREF27: 200K sentence pairs.

KFTT Japanese $\rightarrow $ English BIBREF28: 300K sentence pairs.

WMT 2016 Romanian $\rightarrow $ English BIBREF29: 600K sentence pairs.

WMT 2014 English $\rightarrow $ German BIBREF30: 4.5M sentence pairs. 
 Question: What tasks are used for evaluation?


Output: Abstractive