Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Context: Increased oxidative stress and myocyte apoptosis co-exist in the remote non-infarcted myocardium (RM) following a large myocardial infarction. We proposed that these phenomena are causally related.', 'On day 3 after induction of myocardial infarction, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive probucol and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (MI-T), or vehicle only (MI) for 7 weeks. Control rats (C) received vehicle. At 7 weeks, lipidperoxidation within the RM was assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, which were significantly increased in MI vs. C, while MI-T was not different from C. There was a significant increase in cardiac myocytes positive for in situ TdT-UTP nick-end labeling within the RM in MI vs. C, which was inhibited in MI-T. Furthermore, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation was clearly demonstrated on agarose gels from RM in the MI group, while it was much less apparent on gels from RM in the C and MI-T groups. Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in p53, Bax and caspase-3 protein expression within the RM of MI vs. C, all of which were inhibited in the MI-T group. Furthermore, there was evidence for an increase in caspase-3 activity within the RM from MI vs. C, which was normalized in the MI-T group.
Answer: Long-term treatment with the antioxidants probucol and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuates oxidative stress, myocyte apoptosis, caspase-3 like activity and the expression of p53, bax and caspase-3 within RM in rats after a large myocardial infarction.
Do antioxidants attenuate myocyte apoptosis in the remote non-infarcted myocardium following large myocardial infarction?

Context: Adipose tissue is responsible for releasing various adipokines that have been related to insulin resistance. Understanding the relationship of these adipokines to insulin resistance may foster the development of new treatments for diabetes.', 'The primary objective of this study was to determine whether an association between retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and insulin resistance exists in nonobese individuals without a family history or diagnosis of diabetes. The secondary objective was to determine by a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan which adipose tissue depot most closely relates to RBP4 levels.', 'Cross-sectional analysis of 92 study participants ranging in age from 20 to 83 yr was performed. The range of body mass index (BMI) was from 18 to 30 kg/m(2). Exclusion criteria were a BMI greater than 30 kg/m(2), family history of diabetes, or a diagnosis of diabetes. Insulin sensitivity was determined by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Body fat was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan.', 'RBP4 values were lower in females (35.8 +/- 1.7 microg/ml) compared with males (39.9 +/- 1.4 microg/ml; P = 0.06). RBP4 levels were found to correlate negatively with insulin sensitivity (r = -0.32; P = 0.002) and positively with age (r = 0.38; P < 0.001). RBP4 levels did not correlate with BMI (r = -0.13; P = 0.22), trunk fat (r = 0.16; P = 0.22), or percent body fat (r = 0.07; P = 0.65). However, RBP4 levels did correlate with percent trunk fat (r = 0.36; P = 0.001).
Answer: These findings indicate a relationship between RBP4, insulin sensitivity, and percent trunk fat in individuals who may not have features of insulin resistance.
Is retinol-binding protein 4 associated with insulin resistance and body fat distribution in nonobese subjects without type 2 diabetes?

Context: The DAZ family genes boule, daz and dazl encode RNA binding proteins essential for fertility of diverse animals including human. dazl has bisexual expression in both mitotic and meiotic germ cells, whereas daz has male premeiotic expression, and boule is largely a unisexual meiotic regulator. Although boule has been proposed as the ancestor for dazl/daz by gene duplication, it has been identified only in invertebrates and mammals. It has, however, remained unclear when and how the DAZ family has evolved in vertebrates.', "This study was aimed at identifying and characterizing the DAZ family genes in fish as the basal vertebrate. We show that boule and dazl coexist in medaka and stickleback. Similar to the medaka dazl (Odazl), the medaka boule (Obol) is maternally supplied and segregates with primordial germ cells. Surprisingly, Obol is expressed in adult germ cells at pre-meiotic and meiotic stages of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. However, the maximal meiotic Obol expression in spermatocytes contrasts with the predominant pre-meiotic Odazl expression in spermatogonia, and the diffuse cytoplasmic Obol distribution in early oocytes contrasts with the Odazl concentration in the Balbinani's body.
Answer: The identification of fish boule and dazl genes provides direct evidence for the early gene duplication during vertebrate evolution. Our finding that Obol exhibits bisexual expression in both embryonic and adult germ cells considerably extends the diversity of boule expression patterns and offers a new insight into the evolutions of DAZ family members, expression patterns and functions in animal fertility.

Is boule present in fish and bisexually expressed in adult and embryonic germ cells of medaka?