In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.
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Question: Chronic infection and cancer are associated with suppressed T cell responses in the presence of cognate antigen. Recent work identified memory-like CXCR5 + TCF1 + CD8 + T cells that sustain T cell responses during persistent infection and proliferate upon anti-PD1 treatment. Approaches to expand these cells are sought. We show that blockade of interferon type 1 (IFN-I) receptor leads to CXCR5 + CD8 + T cell expansion in an IL-27-and STAT1-dependent manner. IFNAR1 blockade promoted accelerated cell division and retention of TCF1 in virus-specific CD8 + T cells. We found that CD8 + T cell-intrinsic IL-27 signaling safeguards the ability of TCF1 hi cells to maintain proliferation and avoid terminal differentiation or programmed cell death. Mechanistically, IL-27 endowed rapidly dividing cells with IRF1, a transcription factor that was required for sustained division in a cell-intrinsic manner. These findings reveal that IL-27 opposes IFN-I to uncouple effector differentiation from cell division and suggest that IL-27 signaling could be exploited to augment self-renewing T cells in chronic infections and cancer.

Answer: IL-27 promotes the expansion of self-renewing CD8 + T cells in persistent viral infection


Question: The cellular role of DNA is relatively limited, perhaps because of the restrictions imposed by bonding between complementary strands. Outside the cell, however, nanoengineers are uncovering the many hidden talents of DNA. The DNA sequence is able to process information in biochemical assays, its structure is an ideal building material, and its folding pathway allows DNA to move and respond to its environment. Here, I review several innovative applications of designed DNA molecules, some underlying design principles and the prospects for future developments. The applications of new DNA-based technologies range from molecular diagnostics to protein purification and from therapeutics to the assembly of tiny electronic circuits. These uses exploit the properties of DNA at three levels -sequence only, structure (which depends on sequence) and folding pathways (which depend on both sequence and structure) -as the following examples show. By taking their cue from the genetic code found in nature, nanoengineers are now using DNA sequences in vitro to direct the synthesis and evolution of molecules with new functions and reactive properties. When attached to other molecules, detection methods that exploit DNA sequences allow complementary molecules to be identified at extremely low concentrations. DNA sequences can also be used, in a non-biological setting, to control the layout of electronic components in a nanocircuit. DNA strands can fold into stable structures that have valuable functional and material properties. Sensitive methods for detecting DNA have been extended to detect proteins and other macromolecular targets of DNA aptamers -that is, nucleic-acid molecules that have high binding specificity for their targets. Lattices and even three-dimensional (3D) objects have been self-assembled from rigid DNA structures. DNA lattices can organize proteins and nanoelectronic components on a surface with unprecedented precision, making it possible to gain a better understanding of the properties and interactions of proteins. The folding pathway of a DNA molecule to its stable structure allows it to move and perform mechanical functions. The energy released in DNA-folding pathways has been used in vitro to drive motors, providing the ability to release, grab or cleave target molecules and even to control the release of drugs, depending on the outcome of certain diagnostic tests. This review focuses on the recent developments in generating rationally designed DNA molecules and their applications. The past decade has seen huge advances in the development of design principles, particularly by exploiting DNA structure and folding pathways, but also in applications of designed DNA sequences. Together, techniques for the in vitro selection or molecular evolution of DNA molecules from random pools have given spectacular yields, including DNA aptamers and enzymes, which can inhibit the expression of harmful genes or disrupt protein function. Excellent reviews of selected DNA molecules can be found elsewhere 1-3 ; this paper includes only examples of designed DNA molecules, or molecules that combine both selected and designed Abstract | Long admired for its informational role in the cell, DNA is now emerging as an ideal molecule for molecular nanotechnology. Biologists and biochemists have discovered DNA sequences and structures with new functional properties, which are able to prevent the expression of harmful genes or detect macromolecules at low concentrations. Physical and computational scientists can design rigid DNA structures that serve as scaffolds for the organization of matter at the molecular scale, and can build simple DNA-computing devices, diagnostic machines and DNA motors. The integration of biological and engineering advances offers great potential for therapeutic and diagnostic applications, and for nanoscale electronic engineering.

Answer: Designed DNA molecules: principles and applications of molecular nanotechnology


Question: Despite the availability of an inactivated vaccine that has been licensed for >50 years, the influenza virus continues to cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Constant evolution of circulating influenza virus strains and the emergence of new strains diminishes the effectiveness of annual vaccines that rely on a match with circulating influenza strains. Thus, there is a continued need for new, efficacious vaccines conferring cross-clade protection to avoid the need for biannual reformulation of seasonal influenza vaccines. Recombinant virus-vectored vaccines are an appealing alternative to classical inactivated vaccines because virus vectors enable native expression of influenza antigens, even from virulent influenza viruses, while expressed in the context of the vector that can improve immunogenicity. In addition, a vectored vaccine often enables delivery of the vaccine to sites of inductive immunity such as the respiratory tract enabling protection from influenza virus infection. Moreover, the ability to readily manipulate virus vectors to produce novel influenza vaccines may provide the quickest path toward a universal vaccine protecting against all influenza viruses. This review will discuss experimental virus-vectored vaccines for use in humans, comparing them to licensed vaccines and the hurdles faced for licensure of these next-generation influenza virus vaccines.

Answer:
Virus-Vectored Influenza Virus Vaccines