TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraphs, some supporting facts and an answer of a question. Your task is to generate question for given answer based on set of context paragraphs, supporting facts and an answer.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : Beyond Witch Mountain is a 1982 American Television science fiction-fantasy film and a sequel to "Escape to Witch Mountain" (1975) and "Return from Witch Mountain" (1978). Although Eddie Albert returned to play Jason O'Day from the original 1975 movie, the parts of Tony and Tia were recast with actors comparable in age to Ike Eisenmann and Kim Richards when they first played the parts. Tracey Gold from "Growing Pains" played Tia, and Andy Freeman played Tony. The parts of Aristotle Bolt, Lucas Deranian and Uncle Bené were also recast. Context_2 : Escape to Witch Mountain is a science fiction novel written by Alexander H. Key in 1968. It was adapted into a film of the same name by Walt Disney Productions in 1975, directed by John Hough. A remake directed by Peter Rader was released in 1995. "Race to Witch Mountain", a new telling directed by Andy Fickman, opened theatrically March 13, 2009. Context_3 : The Treasure Island Development is a 405 acre major redevelopment project under construction on Treasure Island and parts of Yerba Buena Island in San Francisco Bay between San Francisco and Oakland, within San Francisco city limits. The Treasure Island Development Authority (TIDA) is a nonprofit organization formed to oversee the economic development of the former naval station. Treasure Island's development was set to break ground during mid-2012. However, on April 12, 2013, The San Francisco Chronicle reported that the deal has collapsed, with the Chinese investors from China Development Bank and China Railway Construction Corporation withdrawing from the project. The Treasure Island Project is now being developed by a joint venture between Lennar Corporation and Kenwood Investments. The development is expected to cost US$ . Context_4 : Treasure Island Causeway, part of County Road 150, is a series of three bridges (the outer ones fixed, the middle one a bascule drawbridge) crossing Boca Ciega Bay between Treasure Island and St. Petersburg in Pinellas County, Florida. The bridge is owned and maintained by the City of Treasure Island, which used to charge all motorists $1.00 toll, until June, 2006, when the first span of the bridge was reopened with no toll booth. Residents of two St. Petersburg waterfront communities (Causeway Isles and Yacht Club Estates) used to pay a $10 annual road tax to the City of Treasure Island to help support road and median maintenance. That tax was eliminated in the spring of 2007. Treasure Island's ownership of the causeway in St. Petersburg was part of a land agreement entered into when these two cities were born: St. Petersburg's founding fathers purchased the Municipal Beach on the shores of the neighboring Gulf of Mexico community, Treasure Island, outside its own city limits to ensure that residents would have direct access to the Gulf of Mexico for generations to come. Context_5 : Treasure Island Resort & Casino began as a bingo hall in 1984 called Island Bingo. This building started as a 30,000-square-foot space that seated 1,400 people. Through its time of success it began to grow further into Treasure Island after Congress passed the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988. This act required states to negotiate gaming compacts with the Tribe as a way to strengthen tribal governments and improve the quality of life on reservations. This act contributed to much tribal success for Prairie Island Indian Community in addition to the entire state of Minnesota. Shortly after this in 1989, Prairie Island Indian Community signed a compact with the State of Minnesota which allowed it to expand its gaming operation. In 1991, the 30,000-square-foot building was expanded with a 25,000-square-foot addition that created room for additional games. Not long after this in 1992, the casino was expanded by an additional 25,000 square feet. Growth in the Prairie Island Indian Community was shown through this with the opening of a community center, health care facility as well as improvement to tribal water and sewer systems. In 1993, a 78,000-square-foot expansion was added which created three new restaurants, valet parking, state-of-the-art kitchen, a gift shop, players club, ballroom and a new entertainment area. In the following year, a 137-slip marina and 95-site RV park would open. Growth continued as 9,854-square-foot addition for business offices is established in 1995. In 1996, Treasure Island made a big step with a $20 million addition and redesign. A strategic marketing shift changed the name to Treasure Island Resort & Casino with the addition of new theming and a 250-room hotel transformed Treasure Island into a destination resort. The total square footage has 350,000 with 25,000 square feet designed for meeting space. In 2001, an additional 200,000 feet were added to the casino, which included a new great entry, higher ceilings to improve air quality, additional games, 70,000-square-foot office space and 60,000-square-foot warehouse. An expansion that was completed in fall 2008 included 230 new hotel rooms, 30,000-square-foot event center and a bowling center complete with an arcade area. In 2015, Tado Steakhouse was constructed, Tradewinds Buffet was remodeled and the water park & spa construction began. The Lagoon and Wave Spa opened February 9, 2016. Context_6 : Treasure Island is a 1950 live action adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions, adapted from the Robert Louis Stevenson's 1883 novel "Treasure Island". It stars Bobby Driscoll as Jim Hawkins and Robert Newton as Long John Silver. "Treasure Island" is notable for being Disney's first completely live-action film and the first screen version of "Treasure Island" made in color. It was filmed in England on location and at Denham Film Studios, Buckinghamshire. Context_7 : Return from Witch Mountain is a 1978 American science fiction–adventure film and a sequel to "Escape to Witch Mountain" (1975), produced by Walt Disney Productions. It was written by Malcolm Marmorstein and is based on the novel by Alexander Key. Ike Eisenmann, Kim Richards, and Denver Pyle reprise their roles as Tony, Tia, and Uncle Bené—humanoid extraterrestrials with special powers including telepathy and telekinesis. The two main villains are played by Bette Davis as Letha Wedge, a greedy woman using the last of her money to finance the scientific experiments of Dr. Victor Gannon, played by Christopher Lee. Context_8 : Race to Witch Mountain is a 2009 American science fiction adventure thriller film and a remake of the 1975 Disney film "Escape to Witch Mountain", which is based on the 1968 novel of the same name by Alexander Key. The film is directed by Andy Fickman and stars Dwayne Johnson, AnnaSophia Robb, Alexander Ludwig, Ciarán Hinds, and Carla Gugino. Context_9 : The Secret of Treasure Island is a 1938 Columbia movie serial based on Robert Louis Stevenson's novel "Treasure Island". The serial is broken into fifteen chapters. Reporter Larry Kent travels to an island in the Caribbean to investigate the disappearance of his colleague, and discovers that the island contains a lost treasure trove of gold. Kent meets Toni Morrell, the daughter of a shipmate whose partner knew the location of the treasure, who helps him in his investigation and they search for the treasure together. During their investigation they are opposed by a villain named Collins and Dr. X., who attempts to kill Kent. Kent defeats Dr. X. in the final installment of the serial. Context_10 : Silver: Return to Treasure Island, is a novel by former British Poet Laureate Andrew Motion, published by Jonathan Cape on 15 March 2012. The book follows Jim Hawkins, son of the character of the same name in Robert Louis Stevenson's 1883 novel "Treasure Island", as he and Nat, daughter of Long John Silver, also a character in "Treasure Island", return to the island visited by their fathers to claim abandoned bar silver. fact_1 : Treasure Island is a 1950 live action adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions, adapted from the Robert Louis Stevenson's 1883 novel "Treasure Island". fact_2 : Race to Witch Mountain is a 2009 American science fiction adventure thriller film and a remake of the 1975 Disney film "Escape to Witch Mountain", which is based on the 1968 novel of the same name by Alexander Key. Answer: Treasure Island

SOLUTION: Which Disney film was made first, Treasure Island or Race to Witch Mountain?

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Pietro Germi (] ; 14 September 1914 – 5 December 1974) was an Italian actor, screenwriter, and director. Germi was born in Genoa, Liguria, to a lower-middle-class family. He was a messenger and briefly attended nautical school before deciding on a career in acting. Context_2 : Fritz the Cat is a 1972 American adult animated comedy film written and directed by Ralph Bakshi. It was Bakshi's feature film debut and is loosely based on the Fritz the Cat comic strips by Robert Crumb. It was the first animated feature film to receive an X rating in the United States. Context_3 : The Texas Softball Hall of Fame was founded in 1985 by Ralph Hall, Jr., in the Houston, Texas area in the United States. The Texas Softball Hall of Fame has produced over 867 tournaments, 716 leagues, and 1,592 events since its founding. It has also awarded over 19,000 champions, and directed more than 2,000,000 participants. They have played adult slow-pitch softball games at 30 different locations and on 69 different fields in and around the Houston area. Ralph Hall is a writer of "Ralph Said What?" and of numerous thoughts on softball and baseball. Ralph Said What? can be compared to a Yogi Berra type of humor. Context_4 : Ralph J. Bunche House, also known as the Ralph Bunche Peace & Heritage Center and located in South Los Angeles, United States, was the Victorian-Bungalow style boyhood home of Nobel Peace Prize winner Ralph Bunche. It was declared a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument (No. 159) by the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission in 1976, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Context_5 : "I Love Lisa" is the fifteenth episode of "The Simpsons"<nowiki>'</nowiki> fourth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 11, 1993. In the episode, Lisa gives Ralph Wiggum a Valentine's Day card when she sees that he has not received any. Ralph reads too much into Lisa's gesture and, much to Lisa's dismay, relentlessly pursues her with affection. Lisa snaps at Ralph and angrily tells him they are not together and that she never liked him. Heartbroken, Ralph channels his feelings into his performance as George Washington in the school's President's Day pageant. After a thunderous applause from the audience, he is able to accept Lisa as just a friend. Context_6 : Ralph is an unincorporated community in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, United States. Ralph is located near U.S. Route 11 and U.S. Route 43, 16.4 mi southwest of Tuscaloosa. Ralph has a post office with ZIP code 35480, which opened on March 3, 1900. Ralph was originally known as Hickman, in honor of the first postmaster, William P. Hickman. In 1900, the name was changed to Ralph, either for Ralph Stewart, the son of the postmaster at the time, or Kathleen Ralf Stewart, the wife of said postmaster. Context_7 : The Pietro and Maria Botto House, also known as Pietro Botto House, at 83 Norwood Street, Haledon in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States, is where leaders of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) union spoke to the 15,000 striking workers of the Paterson Silk Strike of 1913. Context_8 : How the World Sees America is a video blog run by global correspondent Amar C. Bakshi and sponsored by "The Washington Post" and Newsweek Magazine. It features daily articles, which include text and short video clips, about citizens around the world impacted by the United States politically, economically and culturally. Context_9 : Polo Ralph Lauren vs United States Polo Association became an ongoing legal battle after the first lawsuit in 1984. Ralph Lauren, the core designer and owner of the sportswear and fragrance line Polo Ralph Lauren of the Ralph Lauren Corporation, filed his first lawsuit against U.S. Polo Association, the governing body of the game of polo in the U.S., in 1984 on claims of trademark infringement. A series of lawsuits has since then been filed. USPA filed countersuits but the court had always ruled in favor of Ralph Lauren until a 2014 dismissal of Lauren’s lawsuit. The two merchandise companies are currently disputing the use of the double horsemen logo used on a sunglass line launched by USPA. Context_10 : Ralph Bakshi (born October 29, 1938) is an American director of animated and live-action films. In the 1970s, he established an alternative to mainstream animation through independent and adult-oriented productions. Between 1972 and 2015, he directed ten theatrically released feature films, six of which he wrote. He has been involved in numerous television projects as director, writer, producer and animator. fact_1 :  Germi was born in Genoa, Liguria, to a lower-middle-class family. fact_2 : Ralph Bakshi (born October 29, 1938) is an American director of animated and live-action films. Answer: no

SOLUTION: Are Pietro Germi and Ralph Bakshi both from the United States?

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Centranthus is a flowering plant genus comprising herbs and subshrubs native to Southern Europe. It is in the Caprifoliaceae family. There are about twelve species in the genus. Some "Centranthus" are known as introduced species in other parts of the world, including "Centranthus ruber" in the western United States and "Centranthus macrosiphon" in Western Australia. Context_2 : Propagule pressure (also termed introduction effort) is a composite measure of the number of individuals of a species released into a region to which they are not native. It incorporates estimates of the absolute number of individuals involved in any one release event (propagule size) and the number of discrete release events (propagule number). As the number of releases or the number of individuals released increases, propagule pressure also increases. Propagule pressure can be defined as the quality, quantity, and frequency of invading organisms (Groom, 2006). Propagule pressure is a key element to why some introduced species persist while others do not (Lockwood, 2005). Species introduced in large quantities and consistent quantities prove more likely to survive, whereas species introduced in small numbers with only a few release events are more likely to go extinct (Lockwood, 2005). Propagule pressure is a composite measure to the number of individuals released into a non-native region (Lockwood, 2005). Three approaches are used to study and measure propagule pressure. One approach introduces a specific amount of propagules into controlled plots. A second approach allows introduced species to mature and colonize naturally while observing native and non-native species during the colonization. The final approach used to study and measure propagule pressure utilizes past records of the numbers of individuals introduced, including natural introductions and intentional introductions (Colautti et al., 2003). Context_3 : Lappula squarrosa is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by several common names, including European stickseed, bur forget-me-not, bluebur, and bristly sheepbur. It is native to Europe and Asia, where it is common, and it is an introduced species in much of North America and Africa. It is well known as a noxious weed where it is naturalized and also in many parts of its native range. This is an annual herb producing an erect stem often with sprays of many long, bending branches, its form varying in different regions and climates. The plant may approach a meter in height. The stems are lined with linear to oval leaves up to 5 centimeters long and coated in whitish hairs, and the herbage emits a scent generally considered unpleasant. The inflorescence is a long, leafy raceme of tiny flowers near the ends of the branches. Each flower is 2 to 4 millimeters wide with five light blue corolla lobes. White-flowered plants are occasionally seen. The fruit is a cluster of four nutlets which are coated in hooked prickles. The seeds are dispersed when the prickles get caught on animal coats and human clothing, and when they are moved by wind. Context_4 : This is a list of reptiles which are found in the U.S. state of Florida. This list includes both native and introduced species. Introduced species are put on this list only if they have an established population (large breeding population, numerous specimens caught, invasive, etc.). Three out of the four orders of reptiles can be found in Florida, with the Tuatara order being absent. Though many sources has different amounts (due to introduced species), this lists 118 species, which is about right. Context_5 : An introduced species (alien species, exotic species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species) is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. The impact of introduced species is highly variable. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem, while other introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. Context_6 : Arabis , or rockcress, is a genus of flowering plants, within the family Brassicaceae, subfamily Brassicoideae. Context_7 : Arabis glabra, commonly known as tower rockcress or tower mustard, is a tall, slim, grey-green plant with small creamy flowers at the top of the stem. It usually grows on poor chalky or sandy soils, in open situations. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, and it is widespread in North America where it is also probably native. It can be found in many other parts of the world as an introduced species. Context_8 : Chorispora tenella is a species of plant in the mustard family known by several common names, including purple mustard, blue mustard, musk mustard, and crossflower. This mustard is native to Eurasia but is well known in other parts of the world, particularly in temperate regions, as an introduced species and a noxious weed. This is an annual herb reaching a maximum of half a meter in height and covered abundantly in sticky foliage. The four tiny flower petals emerge from a loose tube of sepals and spread into a corolla about a centimeter wide. The flowers are lavender in color and a field heavily infested with purple mustard can take on a distinct lavender wash. The plant has a strong scent which is generally considered unpleasant. The fruits are long upturned cylindrical capsules about 4 centimeters long containing round, reddish-brown seeds. This is a tenacious weed which can be troublesome in agriculture. It reduces yields in grain fields and when it is consumed by dairy cattle it gives their milk a bad taste and odor. This plant reproduces by seed, so any control method preventing the plants from setting seed is effective. Context_9 : A complete list of introduced species for even quite small areas of the world would be dauntingly long. Humans have introduced more different species to new environments than any single document can hope to record. This list is generally for established species with truly wild populations—not kept domestically—that have been seen numerous times, and have breeding populations. While most introduced species can cause negative impact to new environments they reach, some can have positive impact, just for conservation purpose. Context_10 : Seabirds include some of the most threatened taxa anywhere in the world. For example, of extant albatross species, 82% are listed as threatened, endangered, or critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The two leading threats to seabirds are accidental bycatch by commercial fishing operations and introduced mammals on their breeding islands. Mammals are typically brought to remote islands by humans either accidentally as stowaways on ships, or deliberately for hunting, ranching, or biological control of previously introduced species. Introduced mammals have a multitude of negative effects on seabirds including direct and indirect effects. Direct effects include predation and disruption of breeding activities, and indirect effects include habitat transformation due to overgrazing and major shifts in nutrient cycling due to a halting of nutrient subsidies from seabird excrement. There are other invasive species on islands that wreak havoc on native bird populations (e.g. brown snakes on Guam), but mammals are by far the most commonly introduced species to islands and the most detrimental to breeding seabirds. Despite efforts to remove introduced mammals from these remote islands, invasive mammals are still present on roughly 80% of islands worldwide. fact_1 :  Some "Centranthus" are known as introduced species in other parts of the world, including "Centranthus ruber" in the western United States and "Centranthus macrosiphon" in Western Australia. fact_2 : Arabis , or rockcress, is a genus of flowering plants, within the family Brassicaceae, subfamily Brassicoideae. Answer: Centranthus

SOLUTION:
Which is generally considered an introduced species, Centranthus  or Arabis?