instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Health Equity and Accountability 
through Research Act of 2009''.

SEC. 2. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MINORITY HEALTH AND HEALTH DISPARITIES.

    (a) Redesignation.--
            (1) In general.--Title IV of the Public Health Service Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 281 et seq.) is amended--
                    (A) in section 401(b)(24), by striking ``National 
                Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities'' and 
                inserting ``National Institute for Minority Health and 
                Health Disparities''; and
                    (B) in subpart 6 of part E--
                            (i) in the subpart heading, by striking 
                        ``Center'' and inserting ``Institute'';
                            (ii) in the headings of sections 485E and 
                        485H, by striking ``center'' and inserting 
                        ``institute''; and
                            (iii) by striking (other than in section 
                        485E(i)(1)) the term ``Center'' each place it 
                        appears and inserting ``Institute''.
            (2) References.--Any reference in any law, map, regulation, 
        document, paper, or other record of the United States to the 
        National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities shall 
        be deemed to be a reference to the National Institute for 
        Minority Health and Health Disparities.
    (b) Duties; Authorities; Funding.--Section 485E of the Public 
Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 287c-31) is amended--
            (1) by amending subsection (e) to read as follows:
    ``(e) Duties of the Director.--
            ``(1) Interagency coordination of minority health and 
        health disparity activities.--With respect to minority health 
        and health disparities, the Director of the Institute shall 
        plan, coordinate, and evaluate research and other activities 
        conducted or supported by the institutes and centers of the 
        National Institutes of Health. In carrying out the preceding 
        sentence, the Director of the Institute shall evaluate the 
        minority health and health disparity activities of each of such 
        institutes and centers and shall provide for the periodic 
        reevaluation of such activities. Such institutes and centers 
        shall be responsible for providing information to the 
        Institute, including data on clinical trials funded or 
        conducted by these institutes and centers.
            ``(2) Consultations.--The Director of the Institute shall 
        carry out this subpart (including developing and revising the 
        plan and budget required by subsection (f) in consultation with 
        the heads of the institutes and centers of the National 
        Institutes of Health, the advisory councils of such institutes 
        and centers, and the advisory council established pursuant to 
        subsection (j).
            ``(3) Coordination of activities.--The Director of the 
        Institute--
                    ``(A) shall act as the primary Federal official 
                with responsibility for coordinating all research and 
                activities conducted or supported by the National 
                Institutes of Health on minority or other health 
                disparities;
                    ``(B) shall represent the health disparities 
                research program of the National Institutes of Health, 
                including the minority health and other health 
                disparities research program, at all relevant executive 
                branch task forces, committees, and planning 
                activities; and
                    ``(C) shall maintain communications with all 
                relevant agencies of the Public Health Service, 
                including the Indian Health Service, and various other 
                departments and agencies of the Federal Government to 
                ensure the timely transmission of information 
                concerning advances in minority health disparities 
                research and other health disparities research among 
                these various agencies for dissemination to affected 
                communities and health care providers.'';
            (2) by amending subsection (f) to read as follows:
    ``(f) Strategic Plan.--
            ``(1) In general.--Subject to the provisions of this 
        section and other applicable law, the Director of the 
        Institute, in consultation with the Director of NIH, the 
        Directors of the other institutes and centers of the National 
        Institutes of Health, and the advisory council established 
        pursuant to subsection (j), shall--
                    ``(A) annually review and revise a strategic plan 
                (referred to in this section as `the plan') and budget 
                for the conduct and support of all minority health 
                disparity research and other health disparity research 
                activities of the institutes and centers of the 
                National Institutes of Health that include time-based 
                targeted objectives with measurable outcomes and assure 
                that the annual review and revision of the plan uses an 
                established trans-National Institutes of Health process 
                subject to timely review, approval, and dissemination;
                    ``(B) ensure that the plan and budget establish 
                priorities among the health disparities research 
                activities that such agencies are authorized to carry 
                out;
                    ``(C) ensure that the plan and budget establish 
                objectives regarding such activities, describe the 
                means for achieving the objectives, and designate the 
                date by which the objectives are expected to be 
                achieved;
                    ``(D) ensure that all amounts appropriated for such 
                activities are expended in accordance with the plan and 
                budget;
                    ``(E) annually submit to Congress a report on the 
                progress made with respect to the plan; and
                    ``(F) create and implement a plan for the systemic 
                review of research activities supported by the National 
                Institutes of Health that are within the mission of 
                both the Institute and other institutes and centers of 
                the National Institutes of Health, including by 
                establishing mechanisms for--
                            ``(i) tracking minority health and health 
                        disparity research conducted within the 
                        institutes and centers assessing the 
                        appropriateness of this research with regard to 
                        the overall goals and objectives of the plan;
                            ``(ii) the early identification of 
                        applications and proposals for grants, 
                        contracts, and cooperative agreements 
                        supporting extramural training, research, and 
                        development, that are submitted to the 
                        institutes and centers that are within the 
                        mission of the Institute;
                            ``(iii) providing the Institute with the 
                        written descriptions and scientific peer review 
                        results of such applications and proposals;
                            ``(iv) enabling the institutes and centers 
                        to consult with the Director of the Institute 
                        prior to final approval of such applications 
                        and proposals; and
                            ``(v) reporting to the Director of the 
                        Institute all such applications and proposals 
                        that are approved for funding by the institutes 
                        and centers.
            ``(2) Certain components of plan and budget.--With respect 
        to health disparities research activities of the agencies of 
        the National Institutes of Health, the Director of the 
        Institute shall ensure that the plan and budget under paragraph 
        (1) provide for--
                    ``(A) basic research and applied research, 
                including research and development with respect to 
                products;
                    ``(B) research that is conducted by the agencies;
                    ``(C) research that is supported by the agencies;
                    ``(D) proposals developed pursuant to solicitations 
                by the agencies and for proposals developed 
                independently of such solicitations; and
                    ``(E) behavioral research and social sciences 
                research, which may include cultural and linguistic 
                research in each of the agencies.
            ``(3) Minority health disparities research.--The plan and 
        budget under paragraph (1) shall include a separate statement 
        of the plan and budget for minority health disparities 
        research.'';
            (3) by amending subsection (h) to read as follows:
    ``(h) Research Endowments.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Director of the Institute shall 
        carry out a program to facilitate minority health and health 
        disparities research and other health disparities research by 
        providing research endowments at--
                    ``(A) centers of excellence under section 736; and
                    ``(B) centers of excellence under section 485F.
            ``(2) Eligibility.--The Director of the Institute shall 
        provide for a research endowment under paragraph (1) only if 
        the institution involved meets the following conditions:
                    ``(A) The institution does not have an endowment 
                that is worth in excess of an amount equal to 50 
                percent of the national average of endowment funds at 
                institutions that conduct similar biomedical research 
                or training of health professionals.
                    ``(B) The application of the institution under 
                paragraph (1) regarding a research endowment has been 
                recommended pursuant to technical and scientific peer 
                review and has been approved by the advisory council 
                established pursuant to subsection (j).
                    ``(C) The institution at any time was deemed to be 
                eligible to receive a grant under section 736 and at 
                any time received a research endowment under paragraph 
                (1).''; and
            (4) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(k) Funding.--
            ``(1) Full funding budget.--
                    ``(A) In general.--With respect to a fiscal year, 
                the Director of the Institute shall prepare and submit 
                directly to the President, for review and transmittal 
                to Congress, a budget estimate for carrying out the 
                plan for the fiscal year, after reasonable opportunity 
                for comment (but without change) by the Secretary, the 
                Director of the National Institutes of Health, the 
                directors of the other institutes and centers of the 
                National Institutes of Health, and the advisory council 
                established pursuant to subsection (j). The budget 
                estimate shall include an estimate of the number and 
                type of personnel needs for the Institute.
                    ``(B) Amounts necessary.--The budget estimate 
                submitted under subparagraph (A) shall estimate the 
                amounts necessary for the institutes and centers of the 
                National Institutes of Health to carry out all minority 
                health and health disparities activities determined by 
                the Director of the Institute to be appropriate, 
                without regard to the probability that such amounts 
                will be appropriated.
            ``(2) Alternate budgets.--
                    ``(A) In general.--With respect to a fiscal year, 
                the Director of the Institute shall prepare and submit 
                to the Secretary and the Director of the National 
                Institutes of Health the budget estimates described in 
                subparagraph (B) for carrying out the plan for the 
                fiscal year. The Secretary and such Director shall 
                consider each of such estimates in making 
                recommendations to the President regarding a budget for 
                the plan for such year.
                    ``(B) Description.--With respect to the fiscal year 
                involved, the budget estimates referred to in 
                subparagraph (A) for the plan are as follows:
                            ``(i) The budget estimate submitted under 
                        paragraph (1).
                            ``(ii) A budget estimate developed on the 
                        assumption that the amounts appropriated will 
                        be sufficient only for--
                                    ``(I) continuing the conduct by the 
                                institutes and centers of the National 
                                Institutes of Health of existing 
                                minority health and health disparity 
                                activities (if approved for 
                                continuation), and continuing the 
                                support of such activities by the 
                                institutes and centers in the case of 
                                projects or programs for which the 
                                institutes or centers have made a 
                                commitment of continued support; and
                                    ``(II) carrying out activities that 
                                are in addition to activities specified 
                                in subclause (I), only for which the 
                                Director determines there is the most 
                                substantial need.
                            ``(iii) Such other budget estimates as the 
                        Director of the Institute determines to be 
                        appropriate.
    ``(l) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated $1,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2010 and such sums as may 
be necessary for each of fiscal years 2011 through 2014, to carry out 
this section.''.
answer:
Health Equity and Accountability through Research Act of 2009 - Amends the Public Health Service Act to rename the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities as the National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities. Revises and expands the duties of the Director of such Institute relating to coordination of research activities conducted by the National Institute of Health (NIH) and review of a strategic plan and budget for minority health disparity research.


question:
SECTION 1. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) The United States must have adequate infrastructure and 
        policies in place under the Department of Homeland Security to 
        protect against potential terrorists attempting to enter the 
        United States along the Southwest Border.
            (2) According to top government officials, several Al Qaeda 
        leaders believe operatives can pay their way into the country 
        through Mexico and also believe illegal entry is more 
        advantageous than legal entry for operational security reasons.
            (3) Official border patrol records reveal a disturbing 
        trend on the southern border indicating a growth in other than 
        Mexicans (OTMs), many from countries of interest, crossing into 
        the United States--between 2003 and 2004 the increase was at 
        least 35 percent.
            (4) Because of budget constraints, the U.S. Immigration and 
        Customs Enforcement Office of Detention and Removal does not 
        have sufficient bed space to detain all illegal immigrants from 
        special interest countries therefore releasing them on personal 
        recognizance.
            (5) The Department of Homeland Security estimates that up 
        to 90 percent of these immigrants do not appear for their 
        immigration hearings.
            (6) The Department of Homeland Security needs more 
        personnel at the borders with the necessary security clearances 
        and equipment to adequately screen and detain immigrants coming 
        to the United States.
            (7) The Secretary of Homeland Security should provide 
        appropriate training for inspectors, and associated support 
        staff, on an ongoing basis to utilize new technologies and to 
        ensure that the proficiency levels of such personnel are 
        acceptable to protect the borders of the United States.

SEC. 2. IMPROVEMENT IN SECURITY CLEARANCE PROCESS ALONG THE UNITED 
              STATES-MEXICO BORDER AND INCREASE IN DETENTION BEDS.

    (a) Improvement in Security Clearance Process.--The Secretary of 
Homeland Security shall--
            (1) expeditiously implement policies ensuring that 
        personnel of the Department of Homeland Security along the 
        United States-Mexico border have the security clearances 
        required to access information necessary to adequately screen 
        immigrants entering the United States at such border, including 
        IDENT and IAFIS databases and databases used by the 
        Department's inspectors in secondary inspections;
            (2) develop the interagency agreements and information 
        technology infrastructure necessary for border agents to 
        adequately screen immigrants entering the United States at such 
        border; and
            (3) explore information sharing programs with countries of 
        interest to adequately screen immigrants entering our borders.
    (b) Increase in Detention Beds.--Subject to the availability of 
appropriations, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall increase by 
the amount necessary the number of detention beds needed to detain all 
immigrants apprehended by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
    (c) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that the 
Office of Detention and Removal Operation should be placed under the 
operational control of the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection, since the largest client of such office is the Border 
Patrol.

SEC. 3. STUDY OF PERSONNEL LEVELS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Homeland Security shall contract 
with an independent entity to undertake a study to determine the 
necessary level and allocation of personnel, including support staff, 
at United States ports of entry and border patrol sectors.
    (b) Items to Be Included.--Such study shall take into account at 
least the following:
            (1) The overall mission of U.S. Customs and Border 
        Protection.
            (2) Threat and vulnerability information pertaining to the 
        Nation's borders and ports of entry
            (3) The impact of new border security programs, policies 
        and technologies, and the level of cross-training received by 
        all staff.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment 
of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate 
congressional committees, as defined in section 2(2) of the Homeland 
Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101(2)), a report on the study conducted 
under this section.

SEC. 4. ONGOING TRAINING OF BORDER SECURITY PERSONNEL.

    The Secretary of Homeland Security shall provide appropriate 
training for all border security personnel, and associated support 
staff on an ongoing basis to utilize new technologies and to ensure 
that the proficiency levels of such personnel are acceptable to protect 
the borders of the United States.

SEC. 5. PROMPT AND PROPER ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that--
            (1) prosecutors and immigration judges are critical for the 
        prompt and proper enforcement of our immigration laws, and are 
        an important part of a comprehensive strategy; and
            (2) an insufficient number of prosecutors and immigration 
        judges currently exists to enforce the immigration laws of the 
        United States.
    (b) Authorization.--There are hereby authorized to be appropriated 
amounts necessary to provide for appropriate staff increases for 
judicial and prosecutorial offices, commensurate with other personnel 
increases directed in this Act.

SEC. 6. REPORT ON DETENTION AND REMOVAL OPERATIONS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees (as defined in section 2(2) of 
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101(2))) a report on 
detention and removal operations, detailing the amount of additional 
detention space and resources required to detain all persons presenting 
a possible threat to homeland security.
    (b) Information to Be Included.--The report shall include 
information on--
            (1) alternatives to detention, including electronic 
        monitoring, telephone, and voice recognition programs for those 
        on bond, and conducting deportation proceedings prior to 
        prisoners' release from Federal, State, and local prisons; and
            (2) countries to which removal is problematic.

SEC. 7. COMPREHENSIVE BORDER SECURITY STRATEGY.

    The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the heads 
of all other Federal agencies with border-related functions or with 
facilities or lands on or along the border, shall submit to the 
appropriate congressional committees (as defined in section 2 of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101)) unclassified and 
classified versions of a unified, comprehensive strategy to secure the 
land borders of the United States. Such strategy shall be submitted not 
later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act and 
shall include a description of the actions already taken to implement 
the strategy.
answer:
Requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to: (1) ensure that Department of Homeland Security personnel along the U.S.-Mexico border have the security clearances required to access information to adequately screen entering immigrants; (2) develop the interagency agreements and information technology infrastructure necessary for such screening; (3) explore information sharing programs with countries of interest; and (4) increase by the amount necessary the number of detention beds needed to detain all immigrants apprehended by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP).

Expresses the sense of Congress that the Office of Detention and Removal Operations should be placed under the operational control of the Commissioner of CBP (currently, under U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement).

Requires the Secretary to: (1) contract with an independent entity to study the necessary level and allocation of personnel at U.S. ports of entry and border patrol sectors; (2) provide ongoing training for all border security personnel; and (3) submit a report on detention and removal operations and a unified, comprehensive border security strategy to appropriate congressional committees.

Expresses the sense of Congress that: (1) prosecutors and immigration judges are critical for the prompt and proper enforcement of immigration laws and are an important part of a comprehensive strategy; and (2) there is an insufficient number of prosecutors and immigration judges for immigration enforcement. Authorizes appropriations for staff increases.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Corporate Responsibility and 
Taxpayer Protection Act of 2017''.

SEC. 2. TAX ON EMPLOYERS WITH EMPLOYEES RECEIVING CERTAIN FEDERAL 
              BENEFITS.

    (a) In General.--The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by 
inserting after chapter 36 the following new chapter:

   ``CHAPTER 37--EMPLOYERS WITH EMPLOYEES RECEIVING CERTAIN FEDERAL 
                                BENEFITS

``SEC. 4501. EMPLOYERS WITH EMPLOYEES RECEIVING CERTAIN FEDERAL 
              BENEFITS.

    ``(a) Imposition of Tax.--There is hereby imposed on each large 
employer a tax equal to 100 percent of the qualified employee benefits 
with respect to such employer for the taxable year.
    ``(b) Large Employer.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of this section, the term 
        `large employer' means, with respect to a calendar year, an 
        employer who employed an average of at least 500 full-time 
        employees on business days during the preceding calendar year.
            ``(2) Rules for determining employer size.--For purposes of 
        this subsection--
                    ``(A) Application of aggregation rule for 
                employers.--All persons treated as a single employer 
                under subsection (b), (c), (m), or (o) of section 414 
                of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall be treated 
                as 1 employer.
                    ``(B) Full-time equivalents treated as full-time 
                employees.--Solely for purposes of determining whether 
                an employer is an applicable large employer under this 
                paragraph, an employer shall, in addition to the number 
                of full-time employees for any month otherwise 
                determined, include for such month a number of full-
                time employees determined by dividing the aggregate 
                number of hours of service of employees who are not 
                full-time employees for the month by 120.
                    ``(C) Employers not in existence in preceding 
                year.--In the case of an employer which was not in 
                existence throughout the preceding calendar year, the 
                determination of whether such employer is a large 
                employer shall be based on the average number of 
                employees that it is reasonably expected such employer 
                will employ on business days in the current calendar 
                year.
                    ``(D) Predecessors.--Any reference in this 
                subsection to an employer shall include a reference to 
                any predecessor of such employer.
    ``(c) Qualified Employee Benefits.--For purposes of this section:
            ``(1) In general.--The term `qualified employee benefits' 
        means, with respect to a person for a taxable year, the sum the 
        qualified Federal benefits for which individuals who are 
        employees of such person for such taxable year.
            ``(2) Qualified federal benefits.--The term `qualified 
        Federal benefits' means, with respect to an individual, the 
        following:
                    ``(A) The dollar value of supplemental nutrition 
                assistance for which the household (as defined in 
                section 3(m) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008) 
                that includes such individual is eligible.
                    ``(B) The dollar value of meals that such 
                individual or dependents of such individual are 
                eligible for under the school lunch program under the 
                Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act and the 
                school breakfast program under section 4 of the Child 
                Nutrition Act of 1966.
                    ``(C) The aggregate amount of the monthly 
                assistance payments for rental of a dwelling unit that 
                the household of such individual was a member of is 
                eligible to have made of its behalf pursuant to section 
                8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937.
                    ``(D) The amount of payments made under section 
                1903 of the Social Security Act with respect to 
                expenditures made by a State under a State Medicaid 
                plan under title XIX of such Act (or a waiver of such 
                plan) for medical assistance for such individual or for 
                dependents of such individual.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendments.--The table of chapters for subtitle D of 
such Code is amended by inserting after the item relating to chapter 36 
the following new item:

   ``Chapter 37--Employers With Employees Receiving Certain Federal 
                              Benefits''.

    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this Act apply with 
respect to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017.
answer:

Corporate Responsibility and Taxpayer Protection Act of 2017  This bill amends the Internal Revenue Code to impose a tax on large employers whose employees receive certain federal benefits during the year. A &quot;large employer&quot; is an employer who employed an average of at least 500 full-time employees on business days during the preceding year. The tax is equal to the benefits that the employees receive under: (1) the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly known as the food stamp program), (2) the school lunch and school breakfast programs administered under the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act and the Child Nutrition Act of 1966, (3) section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937, and (4) Medicaid.