In this task, you're given a paragraph from the research paper and your task is to generate a suitable title for the research paper based on the given paper. Under 100 words is a good title length.

Ex Input:
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) have been recognized as important antiviral effectors of the innate immune system, both in cell culture and in infected humans. In particular, polymorphisms of the human IFITM3 gene have been shown to affect disease severity and progression in influenza A virus (FLUAV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, respectively. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are commonly used to model human infections and the experimental inoculation of these animals with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is one of the best models for HIV/AIDS in humans. However, information on the role of IFITM3 in SIV infection of rhesus macaques is currently lacking. We show that rhesus macaque (rh) IFITM3 inhibits SIV and FLUAV entry in cell culture, although with moderately reduced efficiency as compared to its human counterpart. We further report the identification of 16 polymorphisms in the rhIFITM3 gene, three of which were exonic and synonymous while the remainder was located in non-coding regions. Employing previously characterized samples from two cohorts of SIV-infected rhesus macaques, we investigated the relationship between these rhIFITM3 polymorphisms and both AIDS-free survival time and virus load. In cohort 1, several intronic polymorphisms were significantly associated with virus load or survival. However, an association with both parameters was not observed and significance was lost in most cases when animals were stratified for the presence of MHC allele Mamu-A1*001. Moreover, no significant genotype-phenotype associations were detected in cohort 2. These results suggest that, although IFITM3 can inhibit SIV infection in cell culture, genetic variation in rhIFITM3 might have only a minor impact on the course of SIV infection in experimentally infected animals.

Ex Output:
Rhesus macaque IFITM3 gene polymorphisms and SIV infection


Ex Input:
All coronaviruses (CoVs), including the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), encode a nucleocapsid (N) protein that harbors two independent RNA binding domains of known structure, but poorly characterized RNA binding properties. We show here that the Nterminal domain (NTD) of N protein from mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a virus most closely related to SARS-CoV, employs aromatic amino acidnucleobase stacking interactions with a triple adenosine motif to mediate high-affinity binding to single-stranded RNAs containing the transcriptional regulatory sequence (TRS) or its complement (cTRS). Stoichiometric NTD fully unwinds a TRS-cTRS duplex that mimics a transiently formed transcription intermediate in viral subgenomic RNA synthesis. Mutation of the solvent-exposed Y127, positioned on the β-platform surface of our 1.75 Å structure, binds the TRS far less tightly and is severely crippled in its RNA unwinding activity. In contrast, the C-terminal domain (CTD) exhibits no RNA unwinding activity. Viruses harboring Y127A N mutation are strongly selected against and Y127A N does not support an accessory function in MHV replication. We propose that the helix melting activity of the coronavirus N protein NTD plays a critical accessory role in subgenomic RNA synthesis and other processes requiring RNA remodeling.

Ex Output:
Coronavirus N Protein N-Terminal Domain (NTD) Specifically Binds the Transcriptional Regulatory Sequence (TRS) and Melts TRS-cTRS RNA Duplexes


Ex Input:
The year 2003 promises to begin a time of change for the Federal Depository Library program (FDLP). In January 2003 the Hon. Bruce James was appointed Public Printer of the United States and declared his intention to accelerate the modernization of the GPO. At the spring 2003 Depository Library Council meeting in Reno NV, he stated, ''The nineteenth century isn't coming back to the GPO.'' Depository librarians have responded enthusiastically to this idea, attending the meeting in record numbers for a Council meeting not held in Washington, DC, and offering their ideas for the future of the FDLP. The GPO is undergoing an internal reorganization and is engaged in several pilot projects, including one for an all-electronic depository at the University of Arizona. At the time of this writing, GPO is seeking partners for an all-electronic depository in a law library, virtual reference service, and web-based training. Of particular interest is a proposal to revamp the inspection process with locally based ''consultants'' who would visit libraries in their assigned geographic area once per quarter to offer advice and training. Progress continues toward a mostly electronic FDLP, with 60% of FDLP titles being distributed online this year. Earlier this year, GPO unveiled a redesigned home page for GPO Access. The GPO Access databases continue to grow, and staff members are engaged in efforts to improve the performance of the system in the face of an average of 32 million retrievals per month. Regardless of format, the Federal Government continues to produce an overwhelming amount of interesting and useful information. In keeping with the war on terrorism and the recent war with Iraq, this year's notable documents selections contain numerous titles relating

Ex Output:

US government (depository items)