In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.

[Q]: Context_1 : Seili is the second studio album by Finnish pop singer Jenni Vartiainen. It was released by Warner Music Finland digitally on 31 March 2010, with the official physical release following on 14 April. From 31 March to the official physical release date, the album was sold at €19 in conjunction with "Ilta-Sanomat". The album was re-released on 14 January 2011, in a limited vinyl edition. The Finnish-language album, incorporating electro and synthpop elements along with melancholic piano ballads, is named after the island Seili (Själö in Swedish), located off the south-west coast of Finland. The album was produced and co-written by Jukka Immonen with Vartiainen writing also two of the songs. The main lyricists were Teemu Brunila and Mariska who contributed to the thematical dualism of the album—Brunila wrote the happier songs about publicity and finding love while Mariska wrote the lyrics for the songs that deal with darker and more serious themes, such as death. Another lyricist was Paula Vesala (from the pop rock duo PMMP). Vartiainen participated more in the production than with her debut album "Ihmisten edessä", by playing for example piano and kantele. Context_2 : A Wonderful Christmas with Ashanti is the second holiday album by American R&B recording artist Ashanti. Originally released to iTunes on December 3, 2013 as a five-song EP, the collection featured recordings from the Lifetime original movie "Christmas In The City". On October 27, 2014, it was re-issued as a full-length album in the form of a Deluxe Edition to digital retailers with three newly recorded songs. Furthermore, the album was given a physical release exclusively to Target stores in the U.S. on the same date, with an additional two exclusive songs. In a 2014 interview with "Arise Entertainment 360", Ashanti revealed that her parents, sister and cousin provided backing vocals for her rendition of "White Christmas", which was recorded for the expanded 2014 re-issue of the album. Context_3 : Between Friends is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer Tamia, first released by Gallo Records in South Africa on May 12, 2006 (see 2006 in music). The album was released on November 14, 2006 in the United States and on November 20, 2006 in the United Kingdom (In HMV stores) on Image Entertainment. "Between Friends" was entirely produced by Shep Crawford, besides three tracks by Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins. It peaked at number 66 on the US "Billboard" Hot 200 selling 18,000 copies in its first week. To date it has sold about 370,000 copies in the US, 120,000 in South Africa and more than 800,000 worldwide. A Gift Between Friends is a 2-disc album comprising a re-release of "Between Friends" and featuring some new Christmas songs by Tamia. It was released on October 27, 2007. Context_4 : "Every Heartbeat" is a 1991 single by American Christian singer Amy Grant. It was released as the third single from the "Heart In Motion" album, though it was the second from the album to be released to mainstream pop radio. After the unexpected major success of Grant's previous single, "Baby Baby," which topped both the United States' "Billboard" Hot 100 and Adult Contemporary charts, there seemed the question on how to follow it up. The chosen single was "Every Heartbeat," and although it did not hit number one, it still managed to make the #2 spot on the Hot 100 and the Adult Contemporary chart for one and six weeks respectively. In both cases Every Heartbeat was kept from the top spot by Bryan Adams' song "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You". Charlie Peacock wrote the song's music and chorus lyrics, with Grant and Wayne Kirkpatrick composing the remaining lyrics. In 2004, Sixpence None The Richer covered "Every Heartbeat" on the album "Full Circle: A Celebration of Songs and Friends", which commemorated Charlie Peacock's 20-year anniversary as a solo recording artist. Mark Lowry parodied the song with the title "Every Teacher". In 2014, the song was included on Grant's remix compilation album titled "In Motion: The Remixes". A digital remix EP was released on iTunes in support of the album which charted at number 13 on the "Billboard" Hot Dance Club Songs chart. In 1992 Kids Incorporated covered "Every Heartbeat" in the Season 8 episode "Old Friends". Context_5 : The Wayne B. Nottingham Prize is awarded annually at the Physical Electronics Conference (PEC), a conference that focuses on new research results in the field of surface science and in the sub-fields of physics and chemistry of interfaces. The prestigious Nottingham Prize was established from contributions given in memory of Professor Wayne B. Nottingham of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by his many friends and associates. It was first given in March 1966 at MIT and in March thereafter until February,1974 when the PEC was held at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, NJ. This was to avoid overlap in time with the American Physical Society "March" meeting which in the 1970s was about 30 times larger than the PEC. Unfortunately the weather in February led to icy roads and delays in the scheduled events. In 1975 the PEC was moved to June where it still is today. The prize currently consists of a certificate and in 1974 was $200 but has increased recently to $1500, and is awarded to the best student paper presented at the conference. A student paper is defined as a paper based on a Ph.D. thesis whose date of submission to the faculty is no earlier than one year before the meeting at which the Prize is given. Context_6 : Smith v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84 (2003) , was a court case in the United States which questioned the constitutionality of the Alaska Sex Offender Registration Act's retroactive requirements. Under the Act, any sex offender must register with the Department of Corrections or local law enforcement within one business day of entering the state. This information is forwarded to the Department of Public Safety, which maintains a public database. Fingerprints, social security number, anticipated change of address, and medical treatment after the offense are kept confidential. The offender's name, aliases, address, photograph, physical description, driver's license number, motor vehicle identification numbers, place of employment, date of birth, crime, date and place of conviction, and length and conditions of sentence are part of the public record, maintained on the Internet. Context_7 : The Finnish sauna is a substantial part of Finnish culture. There are five million inhabitants and over three million saunas in Finland - an average of one per household. For Finnish people the sauna is a place to relax with friends and family, and a place for physical and mental relaxation as well. Finns think of saunas not as a luxury, but as a necessity. Before the rise of public health care and nursery facilities, almost all Finnish mothers gave birth in saunas. Context_8 : Adam Ant (born Stuart Leslie Goddard; 3 November 1954) is an English singer and musician. He gained popularity as the lead singer of new wave group Adam and the Ants and later as a solo artist, scoring 10 UK top ten hits from 1980 to 1983, including three UK No. 1 singles. He has also worked as an actor, appearing in over two dozen films and television episodes from 1985 to 2003. Context_9 : "Friends" b/w "Kick"/"Physical", also known as The B-sides, was the final single from Adam and the Ants. All three songs were written by Adam Ant, and were early fan favorites among "Antpeople." "Friends" and "Physical" were performed at a John Peel session on 10 July 1978. All three tracks had previously been recorded in 1978 for the Ants' first label Decca Records. "Kick" at RAK Studios in Chalbert Street, London, produced by Snips, "Friends" and "Physical" at Decca's own studio at Broadhurst Gardens, West Hampstead, produced by Ant himself. Context_10 : Pythagoras of Samos or Pythagoras of Rhegion, (Ancient Greek: Πυθαγόρας , fl. 5th century BC) was a statuary from Samos whom Pliny the Elder expressly distinguishes from the more renowned Pythagoras from Rhegion. Pliny does however say that the sculptor bore a remarkable personal likeness to the mathematician. There is no precise indication of his date. Philip Smith accepted the opinion of Karl Julius Sillig (1801—1855) that Pliny's date of Olympiad 87 (c. 428 BC) ought to be referred to this artist rather than to a different Pythagoras, from Rhegium; other writers consider it possible he lived closer to the beginning of the 5th century BC. Modern writers consider it certain these two were the same artist, and that this Pythagoras was one of the Samian exiles who moved to Zankle at the beginning of the 5th century BC and came under the power of the tyrant Anaxilas in Rhegium. While a Samian by birth, he was a pupil of Clearchus of Rhegium. fact_1 : "Friends" b/w "Kick"/"Physical", also known as The B-sides, was the final single from Adam and the Ants. fact_2 :  All three songs were written by Adam Ant, and were early fan favorites among "Antpeople." fact_3 : Adam Ant (born Stuart Leslie Goddard; 3 November 1954) is an English singer and musician. Question: What is the date of birth of the artist who wrote the songs "Friends" and "Physical"?
[A]: 3 November 1954


[Q]: Context_1 : Kirsty Ellen Duncan (born October 31, 1966) is a Canadian politician and medical geographer from Ontario, Canada. Duncan is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Liberal Party of Canada in the Toronto riding of Etobicoke North and was appointed Minister of Science, on the advice of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, on November 4, 2015. She is also currently an adjunct professor at the University of Toronto and has published a book about her 1998 expedition to uncover the cause of the 1918 Spanish flu epidemic. Context_2 : The 42nd Canadian Parliament is the current Parliament of Canada, with the membership of its Lower House, the House of Commons of Canada, having been determined by the results of the 2015 federal election held on October 19, 2015, and with at least seven new appointees to its Upper House, the Senate of Canada, on the Constitutional advice of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to Governor General David Johnston. Parliament officially resumed on December 3, 2015 with the election of a new Speaker, Geoff Regan, followed by a Speech from the Throne the following day. The current Speaker of the Senate of Canada is George Furey, who was appointed Speaker of the Canadian Senate on the Constitutional advice of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, to replace Leo Housakos, on December 3, 2015. Context_3 : Daniel Christmas (born September 10, 1956) is a Canadian Mi’kmaw from the Membertou First Nation in Nova Scotia. As part of a group of community leaders, he helped turn Membertou from being nearly bankrupt into one of the most successful Canadian First Nations. Christmas is a former advisory services director for the Union of Nova Scotia Indians. On October 27, 2016, Christmas was named to the Senate of Canada by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to sit as an independent. At the time of his appointment, he was an advisor to the Membertou First Nation. Context_4 : Wanda Thomas Bernard (born August 1, 1953) is a Canadian social worker and educator from East Preston, Nova Scotia. Bernard is the first Black Canadian to have an academic tenure position and become a full professor at Dalhousie University, where her research focuses on anti-oppression and diversity. Bernard was one of the founding members of the Association of Black Social Workers. In 2004, she was awarded the Order of Canada for her work addressing racism and diversity in the field of social work, and in 2014, she was awarded the Order of Nova Scotia. On October 27, 2016, Bernard was named to the Senate of Canada by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to sit as an independent. At the time of her appointment, she was the chair of the Nova Scotia Advisory Council on the Status of Women. She is the first African Nova Scotian woman to serve in the Senate Chamber. Context_5 : Justin Trudeau's tenure as prime minister began on November 4, 2015, when the first Cabinet headed by him was sworn in by Governor General David Johnston. Trudeau was invited to form the 29th Canadian Ministry and become Prime Minister of Canada following the 2015 election, where Trudeau's Liberal Party won a majority of the seats in the Canadian House of Commons, leading to the resignation of Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper. Context_6 : Marilou McPhedran {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born July 22, 1951) is a Canadian lawyer and human rights advocate. She was the Principal (dean) of the University of Winnipeg Global College in Manitoba, Canada between 2008 and 2012. In 1985, McPhedran became the youngest lawyer to be named a Member of the Order of Canada in recognition of her co-leadership of the Ad Hoc Committee of Canadian Women on the Constitution. The Ad Hoc Committee was a grass roots movement for strengthening equality rights during the drafting of the Constitution of Canada. In 2001, McPhedran was named one of Canada’s 10 most influential women’s rights activists by Homemaker’s Magazine. In October 2016, McPhedran was named to the Senate of Canada by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to sit as an independent. Context_7 : Robert Lorne Stanfield, PC, QC (April 11, 1914 – December 16, 2003) was the 17th Premier of Nova Scotia and leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. He was born into an affluent Nova Scotia clothing manufacturing and political family in 1914. He graduated from Dalhousie University and Harvard Law School in the 1930s. Stanfield became the leader of the Nova Scotia Progressive Conservative Party in 1948, and after a rebuilding period, led the party to government in 1956. As premier, he won three straight elections. His government was credited with modernizing the way the province delivered education and medical services. In 1967, he resigned as premier and became the leader of the federal Progressive Conservative Party. He was the leader of the "Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition" and fought three general elections, losing each time to the Liberals under Pierre Trudeau. He resigned as leader in 1976 and from public office in 1979. In retirement, he lived mostly in Ottawa, and died there in 2003 from complications due to pneumonia. He is sometimes referred to as "the best prime minister Canada never had". As one of Canada's most distinguished and respected statesmen, he was one of several people granted the style "The Right Honourable" who were not so entitled by virtue of an office held. Context_8 : Stéphane Maurice Dion {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 28 September 1955) is a Canadian diplomat, political scientist, and former politician who has been the Canadian ambassador to Germany and special envoy to the European Union since May 2017. Dion was Minister of Foreign Affairs under Prime Minister Justin Trudeau from 2015 until he was shuffled out of Cabinet in 2017. He was also the Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada and the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons from 2006 to 2008. Context_9 : Lawrence Paul (June 29, 1925 – May 1, 2010) was a Canadian Mi'kmaq leader and First Nations activist. Paul served as the chief of the Membertou First Nation of Nova Scotia from 1967 to 1969. Paul also co-founded the Union of Nova Scotia Indians. Context_10 : Justin Pierre James Trudeau (born December 25, 1971) is a Canadian politician. He is the 23rd and current Prime Minister of Canada and leader of the Liberal Party. The second youngest prime minister after Joe Clark, he is also, as the eldest son of former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, the first to be related to a previous holder of the post. fact_1 :  On October 27, 2016, Christmas was named to the Senate of Canada by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to sit as an independent. fact_2 :  He is the 23rd and current Prime Minister of Canada and leader of the Liberal Party. Question: Daniel Christmas (born September 10, 1956) is a Canadian Mi’kmaw from the Membertou First Nation in Nova Scotia, Christmas was named to the Senate of Canada by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, to sit as an independent, a Canadian politician, and which ordinal number, Prime Minister of Canada and leader of the Liberal Party?
[A]: 23rd


[Q]: Context_1 : The University of Southern California (USC or SC) is a private research university located in Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1880, it is the oldest private research university in California. USC has historically educated a large number of the region's business leaders and professionals. In recent decades, the university has also leveraged its location in Los Angeles to establish relationships with research and cultural institutions throughout Asia and the Pacific Rim. An engine for economic activity, USC contributes $8 billion annually to the economy of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and California. Context_2 : Claude J. Summers (born 1944) is an American literary scholar, and the William E. Stirton Professor Emeritus in the Humanities and Professor Emeritus of English at the University of Michigan-Dearborn. He taught at the university from 1970 until his retirement in 2002. He was promoted to associate professor in 1973 and to professor in 1977. He became the William E. Stirton Professor in Humanities in 1989, and became professor emeritus in 2002. He has published extensively on 17th and 20th century English literature. Context_3 : Carver Middle High School is a public school located in Carver, Massachusetts. This school was formerly two different schools, Carver Middle School (6–8) and Carver High School (9–12) in one building with both schools sharing the library and auditorium. The school became under one principal in 2008–09 school year. This school became officially Carver Middle High School the following school year. It is located at 60 South Meadow Rd. and has an enrollment of 489 students in grades 6–8, and 537 students in grades 9–12. The school's mascot is the Crusaders and the school colors are Maroon and Silver/Gray. The principal is Mr. Scott Knief. The assistant principals are Christine Cabral, (6–8), Mark Souza (9–12), and Michael Schultz Context_4 : George A. Bray is an American obesity researcher. As of 2016, he is a University Professor emeritus and formerly the chief of the division of clinical obesity and metabolism at Louisiana State University's Pennington Biomedical Research Center (PBRC) in Baton Rouge. He is also a Boyd Professor emeritus at PBRC, and a professor of medicine emeritus at the Louisiana State University Medical Center. Context_5 : La Martinière College is an educational institution located in Lucknow, the capital of the Indian State of Uttar Pradesh. The college consists of two schools on different campuses for boys and girls. La Martinière Boys' College was founded in 1845 and La Martinière Girls' College was established in 1869. The Boys' College is the only school in the world to have been awarded royal battle honours for its role in the defence of Lucknow during the mutiny of 1857. The two Lucknow colleges are part of the La Martinière family of schools founded by the French adventurer Major General Claude Martin. There are two La Martinière Colleges in Kolkata and three in Lyon. La Martinière provides a liberal education and the medium of instruction is the English language. The schools cater for pupils from the ages of five through to 17 or 18, and are open to children of all religious denominations. The schools have day scholars and boarders. It is one of the most prestigious colleges of India and often features in the top schools of India. Context_6 : Jose ben Jochanan (Hebrew: יוסי בן יוחנן‎ ‎ , Yose ben Yochanan or Joseph ben Johanan) was Nasi (president) of the Sanhedrin in the 2nd century BCE. He was a native of Jerusalem. He and Jose ben Joezer were the successors and, it is said, the disciples of Antigonus of Sokho, and the two together formed the first of a series of duumvirates that transmitted the traditional law; in each pair one, according to tradition, was a prince and a president ("nasi"), and the other vice-president, of the Sanhedrin (Av Beth Din). One of Jose's sayings was: "Let thy house be opened wide; and let the needy be thy household; and prolong not converse with woman". A disagreement between the two colleagues with regard to halakhic decisions gave rise to the formation of two different schools. Both men were opposed to Hellenism, and both belonged to the Hasideans. Jose ben Joezer and Jose ben Johanan were the last of the "eshkolot", or "wise men" (from Hebrew "Eshkolot", "bunches [of grapes]", poet. "abounding in wisdom"). Context_7 : Rick Comley (born January 20, 1947) is a former collegiate ice hockey player and former head coach at Michigan State University. He finished his 38-year coaching career with a 783-615-110 (.556) record. In 2007, he became the third coach in NCAA history to win a national championship at two different schools. Context_8 : Donald Boone Whitmire (July 1, 1922 – May 3, 1991) was an American football tackle between 1941–1944 for the University of Alabama and at the United States Naval Academy. He is one of only four college football players to ever be named as an All-American at two different schools. In 1956, Whitmire was elected into the College Football Hall of Fame. Context_9 : Arcola Community Unit School District 306 is a unified school district based in a southern Douglas County settlement named Arcola, Illinois. The district is composed of an elementary school and a consolidated junior senior high school. The junior senior high school, although consolidated, is still regarded as two different schools. Students enter the district as prekindergarteners or kindergarteners in Arcola Elementary School, which educates the students until sixth grade under supervision of principal Gary Philippi. Graduates of the elementary school move on to Arcola Junior High School, and will remain there until seventh grade; afterwards, students complete their precollegiate education at Arcola High School. Principal Steve Groll directs both schools; the entire faculty of either school is identical, as is the mascot, which is the Purple Rider. The district superintendent is Jean Chrostowski; she broadcasts monthly podcasts to her district. Context_10 : Ian Irving Mitroff (born 1938) is an American organizational theorist, consultant and Professor Emeritus at the USC Marshall School of Business and the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California He is noted for a wide range of contributions in the field of organizational theory from contributions on strategic planning assumptions and management information systems, to the subjective side of the workplace and spirituality, religion, and values. fact_1 : Ian Irving Mitroff (born 1938) is an American organizational theorist, consultant and Professor Emeritus at the USC Marshall School of Business and the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California He is noted for a wide range of contributions in the field of organizational theory from contributions on strategic planning assumptions and management information systems, to the subjective side of the workplace and spirituality, religion, and values. fact_2 : The University of Southern California (USC or SC) is a private research university located in Los Angeles, California. fact_3 :  Founded in 1880, it is the oldest private research university in California. Question: When was the university at which Ian Irving Mitroff was Professor Emeritus of two different schools founded?  
[A]:
1880