Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Ex Input:
Recent studies have indicated a protective role of physiological autophagy in ischemic heart disease. However, the underlying mechanisms of autophagy regulation after ischemia are poorly understood. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles released from cells that play critical roles in mediating cell-to-cell communication through the transfer of microRNAs. In this study, we observed that miR-30a was highly enriched in exosomes from the serum of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in vivo and culture medium of cardiomyocytes after hypoxic stimulation in vitro. We also found that hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α regulates miR-30a, which efficiently transferred via exosomes between cardiomyocytes after hypoxia. Inhibition of miR-30a or release of exosomes increased the expression of the core autophagy regulators beclin-1, Atg12, and LC3II/LC3I, which contributed to maintaining the autophagic response in cardiomyocytes after hypoxia. Taken together, the present study showed that exosomes from hypoxic cardiomyocytes regulate autophagy by transferring miR-30a in a paracrine manner, which revealed a new pathway of autophagy regulation that might comprise a promising strategy to treat ischemic heart disease.

Ex Output:
Does exosomal transfer of miR-30a between cardiomyocytes regulate autophagy after hypoxia?


Ex Input:
To observe the effects of Sanhuangyinchi decoction (SHYCD) pretreatment on acute hepatic failure (AHF) induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats and explore the possible mechanisms involving antioxidant stress and cell apoptosis-related protein expression.', 'Forty-eight SD rats were randomized equally into control group, AHF model group, high-, medium- and low-dose SHYCD groups, and Bicyclol group. Five days after administration of the corresponding drugs, the rats were challenged with peritoneal D-galactosamine (700 mg/kg) plus LPS (10 ug/kg) injections to induce AHF acute hepatic failure except for those in the control group. At 48 h after the injections, blood samples were collected from the rats to detect the levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, PT, INR and FIB, and pathological changes and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the liver were examined; immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect caspase-3 protein expression in the liver.', 'The levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, TP and INR in the 3 SHYCD groups and Bicyclol group significantly decreased (P<0.05) while FIB significantly increased in comparison with those in the model group. SHYCD obviously ameliorated the pathological changes, enhanced SOD activity (P<0.05), and decreased MDA levels (P<0.05) and caspase-3 expression (P<0.05) in the liver tissue. SHYCD at the medium dose produced similar effects to Bicyclol (P>0.05) and showed better effects at the high dose than Bicyclol (P<0.05).

Ex Output:
Does [ Sanhuangyinchi decoction pretreatment ameliorate acute hepatic failure in rats by suppressing antioxidant stress and caspase-3 expression ]?


Ex Input:
The long noncoding RNA HOTAIR has been reported to be a good biomarker for poor prognosis in a variety of human cancers. However, whether HOTAIR could serve as novel biomarker to predict prognosis in cervical cancer or not is unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of HOTAIR in cervical cancers and to investigate the relationship between this lncRNA expression levels and existing clinicopathological factors and patient survival.', 'We examined the expression of HOTAIR in 218 cervical cancer tissues and matched 218 adjacent normal tissues using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and analyzed its correlation with the clinical parameters.', 'The results showed that HOTAIR expression in cervical cancer tissues was significantly upregulated compared with the matched nontumorous tissues (P < 0.0001). Increased HOTAIR expression was significantly correlated with FIGO stage (P < 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001), depth of cervical invasion (P < 0.0001), tumor size (P = 0.006) and age (P = 0.020), but not other clinical characteristics. Moreover, cervical cancer patients with HOTAIR higher expression have shown significantly poorer overall survival (P < 0.0001) and disease-free survival (P < 0.0001) than those with lower HOTAIR expression. Univariate (P < 0.0001, HR = 4.566, 95 % CI 2.122-9.825) and multivariate (P = 0.012, HR = 2.863, 95 % CI 1.263-76.490). Cox regression analyses showed that HOTAIR expression served as an independent predictor for overall survival.

Ex Output:

Does overexpression of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR predict a poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer?