Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Input: Consider Input: Context: Cancer cells frequently exhibit resistance to the cytotoxic effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Pretreatment of TRAIL-resistant cells with cisplatin sensitizes them to this ligand. Cisplatin also has been shown to enhance adenoviral transgene expression.', 'This study aims to evaluate the ability of cisplatin to enhance the expression and the cytotoxic effect of the tumor-specific adenoviral vector Ad/gTRAIL, which expresses a green fluorescent protein-TRAIL fusion protein.', 'Cultured cancer cells and normal human cells were infected with Ad/gTRAIL with or without cisplatin pretreatment. Adenoviral transgene expression was determined by using flow cytometry to measure green fluorescent protein fluorescence. Cytotoxicity was measured by using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assays and an apoptosis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.', 'Green fluorescent protein-TRAIL fusion protein expression was significantly enhanced by cisplatin pretreatment in cancer cells. Cisplatin treatment before Ad/gTRAIL infection resulted in a 2- to 12-fold increase in green fluorescent protein fluorescence intensity across cancer lines. Although Ad/gTRAIL induced mild cytotoxicity in all cancer lines (inhibitory concentration of 50% values of >500 pfu/cell), pretreatment with cisplatin resulted in a dose-dependent enhancement of Ad/gTRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity, as indicated by the drastic reduction of inhibitory concentration of 50% values to 4 to 42 pfu/cell in all cell lines. There was no cytotoxicity noted in normal cells treated with both cisplatin and Ad/gTRAIL.
Answer: Cisplatin pretreatment enhances Ad/gTRAIL cytotoxicity in malignant cells while not affecting normal cells. The mechanisms underlying this effect might include both enhancement of the susceptibility of cisplatin-treated cells to TRAIL and cisplatin-mediated enhancement of TRAIL expression in Ad/gTRAIL infected cells. These findings provide a rationale for development of Ad/gTRAIL-based therapy for thoracic malignancies.

Output: Does cisplatin enhance apoptosis induced by a tumor-selective adenovirus expressing tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand?


Input: Consider Input: Context: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) on the lifespan, growth characteristics, and tumorigenicity of normal human ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells.', 'Low-passage primary cultures of normal human OSE cells were transfected with hTERT and the resulting cell lines were characterized.', 'The ectopic expression of hTERT stabilized the telomeres of the OSE cultures above 8 kb. The hTERT-transfected OSE cell lines grew beyond the normal lifespan seen in OSE cells and propagated in culture for more than 40 passages before senescing. Moreover, the hTERT-transfected cells demonstrated extensive proliferative capacity as evidenced by their ability to continuously grow even when seeded at low dilutions. The morphologic features and normal differentiation patterns seen in normal OSE cells were likewise retained by the hTERT-transfected cells. In addition, the cultures remained responsive to physiologic concentrations of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta. Changes associated with neoplastic transformation like anchorage-independent growth, tumorigencity and karyotypic instability were not observed.
Answer: We were able to show that the ectopic expression of hTERT in normal human OSE: 1) resulted in cultures with greater growth potential and longer lifespan and 2) did not induce a transformed phenotype previously seen in viral oncogene-transfected OSE cells. The established cell lines would not only provide sufficient material for comprehensive studies to investigate the normal physiology of OSE cells, but could also help in the understanding of the early steps of ovarian carcinogenesis.

Output: Does telomerase prolong the lifespan of normal human ovarian surface epithelial cells without inducing neoplastic phenotype?


Input: Consider Input: Context: Understanding what causes changes in the flux of free fatty acids (FFA) is important to elucidate the etiology of metabolic syndrome. The first aim of this study was to test whether or not hormones and the autonomic nervous system influence blood FFA levels. A secondary aim was to test by means of a multiple group path analysis whether the consumption of fermented red ginseng (FRG; Panax ginseng) would influence those causal relationships.', 'Ninety-three postmenopausal women (age 50-73\xa0yr) were randomly divided into two groups. One group (44 women; age, 58.4\xa0±\xa05.9\xa0yr; body mass index, 23.6\xa0±\xa02.5\xa0kg/m(2)) was supplied placebo capsules and the other group (49 women, age 58.4\xa0±\xa05.5\xa0yr; body mass index, 22.9\xa0±\xa02.4\xa0kg/m(2)) was supplied FRG capsules. Both prior to and after the study (2\xa0wk), blood samples were collected from the participants and several blood variables were measured and analyzed.', 'Squared multiple correlations of FFA were 0.699 in the placebo group and 0.707 in the FRG group. The unstandardized estimate of estradiol (E2) for FFA was 0.824 in both groups.
Answer: The path coefficients of cortisol and the branchial pulse for FFA were significantly different between the FRG group and the placebo group.


Output: Are free-fatty-acid-regulating effects of fermented red ginseng mediated by hormones and by the autonomic nervous system?