instruction:
Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
question:
We investigated the effects of pulsed ultrasound on swelling, muscle soreness perception, relaxed-elbow extension angle, and muscular strength.', 'Eight sets of concentric and eccentric actions induced delayed-onset muscle soreness of the elbow flexors. Group 1 received 20% pulsed ultrasound treatments (1-MHz, 7 minutes, 1.5 W/ cm(2) temporal peak intensity) twice a day immediately after postexercise assessments and at 3, 24, 27, 48, 51, 72, and 75 hours postexercise. Group 2 received sham treatments immediately after postexercise assessments and at 3,27, 51, and 75 hours postexercise and true treatments of pulsed ultrasound at 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise. Group 3 received sham treatments of no ultrasonic output immediately after postexercise assessments and at 3, 24, 27, 48, 51, 72, and 75 hours postexercise.', 'Thirty-six college-age females.', 'We recorded upper-arm circumference, perceived soreness, relaxed-elbow extension angle, and elbow-flexion strength before (pretest), immediately postexercise, and at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours postexercise.', 'We noted differences over time but no treatment effect between groups or interactions between time and group for upper-arm circumference, perceived soreness, relaxed-elbow extension angle, or elbow-flexion strength.
answer:
Does pulsed ultrasound fail to diminish delayed-onset muscle soreness symptoms?


question:
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is, from the onset, characterized by various neurological deficits such as an alteration of sensation and a decrease in muscle strength. We investigated if afferent A-beta fibre-mediated reflexes are changed in lower extremities affected by acute RSD.', 'The involvement of these fibres was determined by analyzing reflex responses from the tibialis anterior (TA) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles after electrical stimulation of the sural nerve. The reflexes were studied during walking on a treadmill to investigate whether the abnormalities in gait of the patients were related either to abnormal amplitudes or deficient phase-dependent modulation of reflexes. In 5 patients with acute RSD of the leg and 5 healthy volunteers these reflex responses were determined during the early and late swing phase of the step cycle.', 'No significant difference was found between the RSD and the volunteers. During early swing the mean amplitude of the facilitatory P2 responses in BF and TA increased as a function of stimulus intensity (1.5, 2 and 2.5 times the perception threshold) in both groups. At end swing the same stimuli induced suppressive responses in TA. This phase-dependent reflex reversal from facilitation in early swing to suppression in late swing occurred equally in both groups.
answer:
Are leg muscle reflexes mediated by cutaneous A-beta fibres normal during gait in reflex sympathetic dystrophy?


question:
We investigated interindividual differences in the shape, slope and setpoint of the pituitary-thyroid axis (PTA) in normal persons. Based on these physiological data we propose a novel bivariate concept for the interpretation of thyroid function tests which is less biased by interindividual differences in the PTA than the currently used univariate approach.', 'In two separate trials (A and B), healthy volunteers were given small, increasing doses of T3 (7.5-45 micrograms/day orally) over 5 days. The regulation characteristics of the individual PTAs and the effects of age and gender were assessed by general linear regression models. In addition, serum samples were collected from normal persons to establish the proposed bivariate approach for the interpretation of thyroid function tests.', 'The regulatory characteristics of the PTA were determined in a total of 21 normal volunteers (eight females, 13 males; age 24-49 years). Single blood samples were collected from 257 normal volunteers. The participants had no history of pituitary or thyroid disease.', 'Free and total thyroid hormone and TSH concentrations were determined in the serum. All samples from one person were analysed in the same assay in duplicate.', 'A log-linear relationship between T3 and TSH was found to describe best the individual PTA (multiple r = 0.96). However, significant differences in the setpoint (P < 0.001) and to a lesser degree in the slope (P < or = 0.05) of the PTA were detected; this variability was not dependent on age or gender. Since these findings invalidate the assumptions on which the current univariate interpretation of thyroid function tests is based, we propose a novel model for the evaluation of thyroid function tests derived from the experimentally determined shape and average slope of the PTA.
answer:

Do interindividual differences in the pituitary-thyroid axis influence the interpretation of thyroid function tests?