In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Q: In 1999, McIlroy created an adversary for this algorithm that guarantees that it will run in worst-case time. Its worst-case runtime can be avoided by switching to heapsort after a certain recursion depth, a construction known as introsort. Like mergesort, it is easily parallelizable, and its runtime can be decreased by first selecting the median of the unsorted input list. It was invented by C.A.R. Hoare, and its second phase is the partition function, which splits the original list into lists of elements that are greater or less than the chosen pivot value. For 10 points, identify this divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm which runs in big O of n log n time, named for its speed.

A: Science
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Q: Its official beginning was the attempted murder and subsequent suicide committed by Mangel Pande, whose unit was disbanded by General Hearshey as a result. Three weeks later, the 3rd Light Cavalry openly refused orders, and fighting soon spread from Meerut, with the greatest violence coming at Cawnpore and the siege of Lucknow. The arrival of reinforcements under Colin Campbell led to its eventual end in 1859. Catalyzed by the use of beef and pork fat in Enfield rifle cartridges, FTP, name this 19th-century rebellion against the British in northern India.

A: History
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Q: Dante Gabriel Rosetti described how this man "stayed the knout's red-ravening fangs. " His reign saw the introduction of the markka currency after he reestablished the Diet of Finland, and this man appointed Pyotr Shubalov as head of his secret police. In addition to establishing local assemblies called zemstvos, he passed an army statute implemented by Dmitry Milyutin which provided military training for all young men. He gave broad powers to his interior minister Mikhail Loris-Melikhov, whose namesake constitution was still being planned when the terrorist group People's Will assassinated this man. FTP, name this Russian czar who emancipated the serfs.

A:
History
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