Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: Three surgical approaches: cochleostomy (C), round window (RW), and extended round window (ERW); and two electrodes types: lateral wall (LW) and perimodiolar (PM), account for the vast majority of cochlear implantations. The goal of this study was to analyze the relationship between surgical approach and electrode type with final intracochlear position of the electrode array and subsequent hearing outcomes.', 'Comparative longitudinal study.', 'One hundred postlingually implanted adult patients were enrolled in the study. From the postoperative scan, intracochlear electrode location was determined and using rigid registration, transformed back to the preoperative computed tomography which had intracochlear anatomy (scala tympani and scala vestibuli) specified using a statistical shape model based on 10 microCT scans of human cadaveric cochleae. Likelihood ratio chi-square statistics were used to evaluate for differences in electrode placement with respect to surgical approach (C, RW, ERW) and type of electrode (LW, PM).', 'Electrode placement completely within the scala tympani (ST) was more common for LW than were PM designs (89% vs. 58%; P\u2009<\u20090.001). RW and ERW approaches were associated with lower rates of electrode placement outside the ST than was the cochleostomy approach (9%, 16%, and 63%, respectively; P\u2009<\u20090.001). This pattern held true regardless of whether the implant was LW or PM. When examining electrode placement and hearing outcome, those with electrode residing completely within the ST had better consonant-nucleus-consonant word scores than did patients with any number of electrodes located outside the ST (P\u2009=\u20090.045).
Example Output: Do impact of electrode design and surgical approach on scalar location and cochlear implant outcomes?

Example Input: Chronic idiopathic urticaria is a common skin disorder characterized by recurrent, transitory, itchy weals for more than 6 weeks. An autoimmune origin has been suggested based on the findings of auto-antibodies (Abs) directed against either the alpha subunit of the high-affinity IgE receptor or the IgE molecule in nearly half of the patients.', 'To identify other autoantigen targets in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria.', "We used pooled IgG derived from 133 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria to screen a random peptide library to identify disease-relevant autoantigen peptides. Among the identified peptides, one was recognized by the vast majority of patients' sera. Abs against this peptide were affinity purified from the patients' sera and assayed for their ability to induce histamine release from basophils.", "We identified a peptide that showed similarity with the low-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilonRII/CD23) expressed on lymphomonocytes and eosinophils. Anti-peptide IgG Abs purified from the patients' sera bound cell surface CD23 and were able to induce histamine release from basophils. This effect appeared to be mediated by the release of major basic protein from eosinophils upon engagement of CD23. The same effects were obtained with the sera from mice immunized with the CD23 peptide.
Example Output: Do in chronic idiopathic urticaria autoantibodies against Fc epsilonRII/CD23 induce histamine release via eosinophil activation?

Example Input: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an intra-aortic filter on postoperative outcomes in high-risk cardiac surgical patients.', 'An intra-aortic filter was used in 316 (4.9%) of 6442 cardiac surgical cases from 2003 to 2013. A retrospective analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) registry data was performed for 204 patients with filter placement who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n = 89), valve replacement (n = 63) or combined CABG and valve replacement (n = 52), matched with 1224 patients without filter placement by STS mortality scores based on propensity scores. Generalized linear modelling was used to compare rates of complications as well as the length of stay and time in the intensive care unit (ICU). A P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.', 'Overall, patients with filters before matching had a significantly higher risk of death than did the patients without filters: 12.0% of patients with filters had an STS mortality risk score ≥4 vs 7.7% of patients without filters (P = 0.027). After analysis of the composite end-point of all STS major morbidities, the matched filter group had fewer overall complications (6.8 vs 13.2%, P = 0.02). The rate of postoperative respiratory failure was lower in the filter group (2.5 vs 7.0%, P = 0.01). Rates of stroke and new-onset haemodialysis, while not statistically different, were almost 50% lower in the filter group. Length of stay in the hospital and in the ICU was not significantly different; however, in patients with postoperative complications, time in the ICU (163 vs 189 h, P = 0.02) was shorter for the filter patients.
Example Output:
Does selective use of the intra-aortic filter in high-risk cardiac surgical patients lead to better postoperative outcomes?