instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Commission on the Removal of 
Mexican-Americans to Mexico Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS; PURPOSE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) From 1929 through 1941, Federal, State, and local 
        Government authorities and certain private sector entities 
        throughout the United States undertook an aggressive program to 
        forcibly remove individuals of Mexican ancestry from the United 
        States.
            (2) As many as 1,200,000 individuals of Mexican ancestry 
        who were United States citizens were forcibly removed to 
        Mexico.
            (3) These men, women, and children were removed outside the 
        United States in response to public pressure to curtail the 
        employment of Mexican-Americans, most of whom were United 
        States citizens or residing legally in the United States, 
        during the Depression.
            (4) Massive raids were conducted on Mexican-American 
        communities, and many of the people who were removed were never 
        able to return to the United States, their country of birth.
            (5) These raids targeted individuals of Mexican ancestry, 
        even when such individuals were United States citizens or 
        permanent legal residents.
            (6) These raids also separated such United States citizens 
        and permanent legal residents from their families and deprived 
        them of their livelihoods and constitutional rights.
            (7) No official inquiry into this matter has been made.
    (b) Purpose.--It is the purpose of this Act to establish a fact 
finding commission to determine whether United States citizens and 
permanent legal residents were forcibly removed to Mexico from 1929 to 
1941 in violation of law as a result of past directives of Federal, 
State and local governments and the impact of such removal on those 
individuals, their families, and the Mexican-American community in the 
United States, and to recommend appropriate remedies.

SEC. 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMISSION.

    There is established a commission to be known as the ``Commission 
on the Removal of Mexican-Americans to Mexico''.

SEC. 4. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION.

    The Commission shall--
            (1) review the facts and circumstances surrounding the 
        removal of certain United States citizens and permanent legal 
        residents to Mexico from 1929 to 1941, and the impact of such 
        actions on these individuals, their families, and the Mexican-
        American community in the United States;
            (2) review past directives of Federal, State, and local 
        governments that required the removal of these individuals to 
        Mexico and any other information related to these directives; 
        and
            (3) submit to Congress a written report of its findings and 
        recommendations.

SEC. 5. MEMBERSHIP.

    (a) Number and Appointment.--The Commission shall be composed of 
seven members, who shall be appointed within 90 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act as follows:
            (1) Three members appointed by the President.
            (2) Two members appointed by the Speaker of the House of 
        Representatives, in consultation with the minority leader of 
        the House of Representatives.
            (3) Two members appointed by the President pro tempore of 
        the Senate, in consultation with the minority leader of the 
        Senate.
    (b) Qualifications.--Members appointed under subsection (a) shall 
possess knowledge or expertise related to human rights, civil rights, 
immigration, labor, business, or other pertinent qualifications.
    (c) Term of Office.--Each member shall be appointed for the life of 
the Commission.
    (d) Quorum.--Four members of the Commission shall constitute a 
quorum, but a lesser number may hold hearings.
    (e) Initial Meeting.--The initial meeting of the Commission shall 
be called by the President within one hundred and twenty days after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, or within thirty days after the date 
on which legislation is enacted making appropriations to carry out this 
Act, whichever is later.
    (f) Chairperson and Vice Chairperson.--The Commission shall elect a 
chairperson and vice chairperson from among its members. The term of 
office of each shall be for the life of the Commission.
    (g) Vacancies.--A vacancy in the Commission shall not affect its 
powers and shall be filled in the same manner in which the original 
appointment was made.

SEC. 6. POWERS.

    (a) Hearings.--
            (1) In general.--The Commission or on the authorization of 
        the Commission, any subcommittee or member thereof, may for the 
        purpose of carrying out this Act, hold hearings, sit and act at 
        times and places, take testimony, and receive evidence as the 
        Commission or any subcommittee or member considers appropriate.
            (2) Location.--The Commission may hold public hearings in 
        any city of the United States that it finds appropriate.
    (b) Subpoena Power.--
            (1) In general.--The Commission may issue subpoenas 
        requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the 
        production of any evidence relating to any matter under 
        investigation by the Commission which the Commission is 
        empowered to investigate by this Act.
            (2) Failure to obey a subpoena.--If a person refuses to 
        obey a subpoena issued under paragraph (1), the Commission may 
        apply to a United States district court for an order requiring 
        that person to appear before the Commission to give testimony, 
        produce evidence, or both, relating to the matter under 
        investigation. The application may be made within the judicial 
        district where the hearing is conducted or where such person is 
        found, resides, or transacts business. Any failure to obey the 
        order of the court may be punished by the court as civil 
        contempt.
            (3) Service of subpoena.--A subpoena of the Commission 
        shall be served in the manner provided for subpoenas issued by 
        a United States district court under the Federal Rules of Civil 
        Procedure for the United States district courts.
            (4) Service of process.--All process of any court to which 
        application is made under paragraph (2) may be served in the 
        judicial district in which the person required to be served 
        resides or may be found.
    (c) Obtaining Official Data.--The Commission may secure directly 
from any department or agency of the United States, or from any State 
or local government, information necessary to enable it to carry out 
this Act. Upon request of any member, the head of such department or 
agency shall furnish such information to the Commission.
    (d) Contract Authority.--To the extent or in the amounts provided 
in advance in appropriation Acts, the Commission may contract with and 
compensate government and private agencies or persons for any services, 
supplies, or other activities necessary to enable the Commission to 
carry out its duties under this Act.

SEC. 7. STAFF.

    (a) In General.--The Commission may appoint and fix the pay of such 
additional staff as it considers appropriate.
    (b) Applicability of Certain Civil Service Laws.--Any staff of the 
Commission may be appointed without regard to the provisions of title 
5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive 
service, and may be paid without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 
and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to 
classification and General Schedule pay rates.
    (c) Experts and Consultants.--The Commission may procure temporary 
and intermittent services under section 3109(b) of title 5, United 
States Code.
    (d) Administrative Support Services.--Upon request of the 
Commission, the Administrator of General Services shall provide to the 
Commission, on a reimbursable basis, the administrative support 
services necessary for the Commission to carry out its duties under 
this Act.

SEC. 8. REPORT.

    The Commission shall submit to Congress a written report not later 
than the date which is one year after the date of the initial meeting 
called pursuant to section 5(d) of this Act. The report shall contain a 
detailed statement of the findings and conclusions of the Commission, 
together with its recommendations for legislative actions that the 
Commission considers appropriate.

SEC. 9. TERMINATION.

    The Commission shall terminate 30 days after submitting the report 
under section 8.

SEC. 10. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
            (1) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the 
        Commission on the Removal of Mexican-Americans to Mexico 
        established under section 3.
            (2) Member.--The term ``member'' means a member of the 
        Commission.
            (3) State.--The term ``State'' means any State of the 
        United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of 
        Puerto Rico, and any other commonwealth, possession, or 
        territory of the United States.
answer:
Commission on the Removal of Mexican-Americans to Mexico This bill establishes the Commission on the Removal of Mexican-Americans to Mexico, which shall: (1) review the facts and circumstances surrounding the 1929-1941 removal of certain U.S. citizens and permanent legal residents to Mexico and the impact of such actions on such individuals, their families, and the Mexican-American community; (2) review federal, state, and local government directives that required such removal and any other related information; and (3) report its findings, conclusions, and any recommendations for legislative actions. 


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SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Budget Surplus Dividend Act of 
1997''.

SEC. 2. 50 PERCENT OF FEDERAL BUDGET SURPLUS TO REIMBURSE EMPLOYERS AND 
              EMPLOYEES FOR A PORTION OF THEIR SOCIAL SECURITY TAXES.

    (a) In General.--Subpart C of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to refundable credits) 
is amended by redesignating section 35 as section 36 and by inserting 
after section 34 the following new section:

``SEC. 35. CREDIT FOR PORTION OF SOCIAL SECURITY TAXES.

    ``(a) Allowance of Credit.--In the case of a taxable year to which 
this section applies, there shall be allowed as a credit against the 
tax imposed by this subtitle for the taxable year an amount equal to 
the applicable percentage of the taxpayer's social security taxes for 
the taxable year.
    ``(b) Taxable Years to Which Section Applies.--This section shall 
apply to any taxable year beginning in the first calendar year 
beginning after a fiscal year if there is a Federal budget surplus for 
such fiscal year of more than $1,000,000,000.
    ``(c) Applicable Percentage.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `applicable percentage' means--
                    ``(A) the base percentage with respect to so much 
                of the taxpayer's social security taxes as does not 
                exceed $3,000, and
                    ``(B) the phasedown percentage with respect to so 
                much of the taxpayer's social security taxes as exceeds 
                $3,000.
            ``(2) Base percentage.--The term `base percentage' means, 
        for taxable years beginning in a calendar year, the percentage 
        which the Secretary estimates will result in a reduction of 
        revenues to the Treasury by reason of this section for such 
        taxable year equal to 50 percent of the Federal budget surplus 
        for the most recent fiscal year ending before such calendar 
        year. Proper adjustments shall be made in the percentage 
        determined under the preceding sentence with respect to any 
        subsequent fiscal year to the extent that prior estimates were 
        in excess of or less than the proper percentage.
            ``(3) Phasedown percentage.--The term `phasedown 
        percentage' means the base percentage reduced (but not below 
        zero) by the number of percentage points which bears the same 
        ratio to the base percentage as--
                    ``(A) the excess of the taxpayer's social security 
                taxes over $3,000 bears to
                    ``(B) the excess of the maximum social security 
                taxes over $3,000.
            ``(4) Maximum social security taxes.--The term `maximum 
        social security taxes' means the amount which would be the 
        social security taxes of the taxpayer if the amount on which 
        such taxes are determined were equal to the maximum amount of 
        remuneration which may be taken into account under section 
        3101(a).
            ``(5) Special rules.--
                    ``(A) Dollar limitations on per employee basis.--
                The dollar limitations in paragraphs (1) and (3) shall 
                be applied on a per employee basis.
                    ``(B) Self-employed individuals.--Paragraphs (1) 
                and (3) shall be applied by substituting `$6,000' for 
                `$3,000' each place it appears in the case of the taxes 
                referred to in subparagraph (C) or (D) of subsection 
                (d)(1).
    ``(d) Social Security Taxes.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `social security taxes' means, 
        with respect to any taxpayer for any taxable year--
                    ``(A) the taxes imposed by sections 3101 and 
                3201(a) (relating to taxes on employees) on amounts 
                received by the taxpayer during the calendar year in 
                which the taxable year begins,
                    ``(B) the taxes imposed by sections 3111 and 
                3221(a) (relating to taxes on employers) on amounts 
                paid by the taxpayer during the calendar year in which 
                the taxable year begins,
                    ``(C) the taxes imposed by section 1401 on the 
                self-employment income of the taxpayer for the taxable 
                year, and
                    ``(D) the taxes imposed by section 3211(a)(1) on 
                amounts received by the taxpayer during the calendar 
                year in which the taxable year begins.
            ``(2) Coordination with special refund of social security 
        taxes.--The term `social security taxes' shall not include any 
        taxes to the extent the taxpayer is entitled to a special 
        refund of such taxes under section 6413(c).
            ``(3) Special rule.--Any amounts paid pursuant to an 
        agreement under section 3121(l) (relating to agreements entered 
        into by American employers with respect to foreign affiliates) 
        which are equivalent to the taxes referred to in paragraph 
        (1)(A) shall be treated as taxes referred to in such 
        paragraph.''
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for subpart C of 
part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by 
striking the item relating to section 35 and inserting the following:

                              ``Sec. 35. Credit for portion of social 
                                        security taxes.
                              ``Sec. 36. Overpayments of tax.''
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997.

SEC. 3. APPROPRIATION TO USE 25 PERCENT OF FEDERAL BUDGET SURPLUS TO 
              REDUCE OUTSTANDING PUBLIC DEBT.

    There is hereby appropriated for the first fiscal year following 
each fiscal year for which there is a Federal budget surplus an amount 
equal to 25 percent of such surplus for purpose of paying at maturity, 
or to redeem or buy before maturity, obligations of the Government 
included in the public debt. An obligation of the Government that is 
paid, redeemed, or bought with funds appropriated by the preceding 
sentence shall be canceled and retired and may not be reissued.

SEC. 4. USE 25 PERCENT OF FEDERAL BUDGET SURPLUS TO INCREASE NONDEFENSE 
              DISCRETIONARY SPENDING LIMITS.

    For the first fiscal year following each fiscal year for which 
there is a Federal budget surplus, the Director of the Office of 
Management and Budget shall increase (on a pro rata basis between the 
applicable nondefense categories for that fiscal year) the 
discretionary spending limit for new budget authority under section 
251(c) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 
by an amount equal to 25 percent of such surplus and shall adjust the 
outlays flowing from that budget authority accordingly.
answer:
Budget Surplus Dividend Act of 1997 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to allocate credits to taxpayers for social security taxes, during any year in which there is a Federal budget surplus of more than $1 billion, so as to utilize 50 percent of such surplus.  Requires that, during any such year, the remainder of such surplus shall be split and used to:  (1) reduce the outstanding public debt; and (2) increase nondefense discretionary spending limits.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Space Tourism Promotion Act of 
2001''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds that--
            (1) humans have long had a yearning to travel in space and 
        experience conditions beyond Earth's atmosphere;
            (2) forty years of human space flight experience have 
        demonstrated the feasibility of safe travel to and from space 
        as well as the ability of humans to live and work in space;
            (3) the Nation's human space flight program has developed 
        technologies and operational procedures that the private sector 
        could make use of to enable American citizens to experience 
        space travel;
            (4) space tourism has the potential to become a significant 
        industry and a powerful stimulus for advances in space 
        transportation;
            (5) the Federal Government could play an important role in 
        stimulating the development of space tourism by means of 
        guaranteed loans, tax credits, expeditious establishment of a 
        straightforward and predictable regulatory structure, and 
        research and development in technologies that may enable the 
        private sector to develop operational passenger-carrying space 
        transportation systems and on-orbit habitations;
            (6) as the agency of the Federal Government primarily 
        responsible for the development of America's commercial sector, 
        the Department of Commerce, and in particular its Office of 
        Space Commercialization, should have the lead role in 
        encouraging the growth of space tourism;
            (7) as the agency of the Federal Government currently 
        responsible for regulating America's commercial space 
        transportation industry, the Federal Aviation Administration, 
        and in particular its Office of Commercial Space 
        Transportation, should have the lead role in establishing the 
        regulatory structure necessary to ensure the safety of United 
        States space tourism;
            (8) as the agency of the Federal Government responsible for 
        carrying out the major share of the Nation's civil space 
        activities, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
        should continue its traditional role of conducting research and 
        development related to new space technologies and systems and 
        facilitating their transfer to the private sector;
            (9) it is an appropriate role for the Federal Government to 
        undertake measures to encourage the development of space 
        tourism in the United States; and
            (10) at the same time, it is an inappropriate role and a 
        misallocation of taxpayer-provided resources for the Federal 
        Government to compete with the private sector in the provision 
        of transportation vehicles or facilities for space tourism.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act--
            (1) terms that are defined in the Federal Credit Reform Act 
        of 1990 have the meaning given those terms in that Act; and
            (2) the term ``space tourism'' means travel to, from, or 
        within outer space, or to the surface of a body in space other 
        than Earth, or habitation in outer space, for the purpose of 
        recreation.

SEC. 4. LOAN GUARANTEES.

    (a) Authority.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary of Commerce may guarantee up 
        to 85 percent of the value of loans for the purpose of 
        developing transportation systems, habitation facilities, or 
        other infrastructure required for space tourism.
            (2) Limitation.--The maximum aggregate amount of loan 
        commitments that may be guaranteed under this section by the 
        Secretary of Commerce at any one time shall be $2,000,000,000.
            (3) Administrative fee.--The Secretary of Commerce is 
        authorized to collect from any borrower, and to the extent 
        provided for in advance in appropriations Acts to use, an 
        amount not to exceed 0.5 percent of the amount borrowed, for 
        covering the administrative expenses and other annual costs to 
        the Department of Commerce of the loan guarantee.
    (b) Terms and Conditions.--A loan guaranteed under this section 
shall be on such terms and conditions as the Secretary of Commerce may 
prescribe.
    (c) Term of Loans.--Loans guaranteed under this section shall be 
for a term of not to exceed 20 years, or 100 percent of the useful life 
of the substantial portion of the physical assets to be financed by the 
loans, whichever is shorter, as determined by the Secretary of 
Commerce.
    (d) Lien on Interests in Assets.--Upon providing a loan guarantee 
to a borrower under this section, the Secretary of Commerce shall have 
liens which shall be superior to all other liens on assets of the 
borrower equal to 85 percent of the unpaid balance of the loan subject 
to the guarantee.
    (e) Protection.--No loan shall be guaranteed under this section 
unless the Secretary of Commerce determines that the borrower is 
responsible and that adequate provision is made for servicing the loan 
on reasonable terms and for protecting the interests of the United 
States.
    (f) Validity.--A loan guarantee under this section shall be 
conclusive evidence that such guarantee has been properly obtained, and 
that the underlying loan qualifies for such guarantee. In an action for 
fraud or material misrepresentation by the holder of a loan guaranteed 
under this section, such guarantee shall be presumed to be valid, 
legal, and enforceable.
    (g) Forbearance.--The Secretary of Commerce may approve an 
agreement, between the parties to a loan guaranteed under this section, 
that provides for forbearance for the benefit of the borrower if the 
forbearance will result in no cost to the Federal Government.
    (h) Administration and Oversight Responsibility.--The Office of 
Space Commercialization shall be responsible for the administration and 
oversight of this section on behalf of the Department of Commerce.

SEC. 5. CAPITAL GAINS EXCLUSION.

    (a) In General.--Part I of subchapter P of chapter 1 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to items specifically excluded 
from gross income) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
section:

``SEC. 1203. EXCLUSION OF GAINS FOR QUALIFIED SPACE TOURISM 
              CORPORATIONS.

    ``(a) In General.--Gross income shall not include gain on the sale 
or exchange of any stock of a qualified space tourism corporation held 
for more than one year.
    ``(b) Qualified Space Tourism Corporation.--For purposes of 
subsection (a), the term `qualified space tourism corporation' means, 
with respect to any taxable year, a domestic corporation which is a C 
corporation if--
            ``(1) such corporation is organized exclusively for 
        providing to unrelated persons any service of space tourism (as 
        defined in section 3 of the Space Tourism Promotion Act of 
        2001), and
            ``(2) such corporation derives at least 75 percent of its 
        gross receipts from the active conduct of a trade or business 
        of providing a service described in paragraph (1).
    ``(c) Certain Purchases by Corporations of Its Own Stock.--For 
purposes of this section, rules similar to the rules of section 
1202(c)(3) shall apply.
    ``(d) Related Person.--Persons shall be treated as related to each 
other if such persons would be treated as a single employer under the 
regulations prescribed under section 52(b). In the case of a 
corporation which is a member of an affiliated group of corporations 
filing a consolidated return, such corporation shall be treated as 
providing services related to space tourism to an unrelated person if 
such services are provided to such a person by another member of such 
group.
    ``(e) Termination.--This section shall not apply to sales or 
exchanges after December 31, 2011.''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for part I of 
subchapter P of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following 
new item:

                              ``Sec. 1203. Exclusion of gains for 
                                        qualified space tourism 
                                        corporations.''
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to sales and exchanges in taxable years beginning after December 
31, 2001.

SEC. 6. ESTABLISHMENT OF REGULATORY STANDARDS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation shall issue 
regulations to govern--
            (1) activities necessary to ensure the safe operation of 
        passenger-carrying launch and reentry vehicles and spacecraft 
        for space tourism, to the extent to which regulatory procedures 
        have not previously been established by law; and
            (2) activities related to the provision of and safe 
        operation of habitable facilities in outer space for space 
        tourism purposes.
    (b) Orbital Debris Avoidance.--Not later than 2 years after the 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation 
shall issue regulations to prevent, to the extent practicable, the 
growth of orbital debris resulting from activities associated with 
space tourism.
    (c) Legal Regime.--Activities taking place on space tourism 
habitation facilities and passenger-carrying launch and reentry 
vehicles and spacecraft for space tourism licensed or otherwise 
regulated by the Secretary of Transportation shall be governed by the 
laws of the United States.

SEC. 7. USE OF FEDERAL FACILITIES.

    (a) Prohibition Against Certain Uses of Federal Facilities.--
            (1) In general.--Launch, reentry, and space travel vehicles 
        owned by the Federal Government shall not be used for the 
        transport of any individuals other than those engaged in or 
        supporting the conduct of official business of the United 
        States or the conduct of scientific or engineering research and 
        development, except in emergency situations.
            (2) International space station.--The United States portion 
        of the International Space Station shall not be visited or 
        occupied by any individuals other than those engaged in or 
        supporting the conduct of official business of the United 
        States or the conduct of scientific or engineering research and 
        development, and those authorized by relevant international 
        agreements, except in emergency situations.
    (b) Use of Other Federal Facilities.--The use of other Federal 
facilities and infrastructure, such as launch ranges and data relay 
satellites, shall be made available to commercial entities engaged in 
space tourism on a cost-reimbursable basis to the extent that excess 
capacity exists at the time the commercial entity requests the use of 
such facilities and infrastructure.
answer:

Space Tourism Promotion Act of 2001 - Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to guarantee up to 85 percent of the value of loans for developing transportation systems, habitation facilities, or other infrastructure required for space tourism.Amends the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude from gross income gain on the sale or exchange of any stock of a qualified space tourism corporation held for more than a year.Requires the Secretary of Transportation to issue regulations to: (1) govern activities necessary to ensure the safe operation of passenger-carrying launch and reentry vehicles and spacecraft for space tourism and activities related to the provision and safe operation of habitable facilities in outer space for space tourism; and (2) prevent the growth of orbital debris resulting from activities associated with space tourism.Prohibits: (1) the use of launch, reentry, and space travel vehicles owned by the Government for the transport of any individuals other than those engaged in or supporting the conduct of official business or scientific or engineering research and development (R&D), except in emergencies; and (2) the U.S. portion of the International Space Station from being visited or occupied by any individuals other than those engaged in or supporting the conduct of such business or R&D and those authorized by relevant international agreements, except in emergencies.Requires the use of other Federal facilities and infrastructure, such as launch ranges and data relay satellites, to be made available to commercial entities engaged in space tourism on a cost-reimbursable basis to the extent that excess capacity exists.