In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling

[EX Q]: now, en banc, we overrule bailey and hold that lumpkin does not apply retroactively.
[EX A]: overruling

[EX Q]: william hardy inc., v. commissioner, supra, 82 f.2d 249, is overruled, and the order will be affirmed.
[EX A]: overruling

[EX Q]: app. 2004) (quoting 2003 minn. laws 1st spec. sess. ch. 2, art. 9,  1, at 1446), review denied (minn.
[EX A]:
non-overruling