Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
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Question: Context: Completeness of cytoreduction is a significant predictor of long-term outcome after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Imaging has limited sensitivity to identify peritoneal metastases and therefore predict whether complete cytoreduction is possible. We reviewed our experience using laparoscopy to determine candidates for complete cytoreduction and HIPEC.', 'This single-center, retrospective study examined patients from 2007 to 2014 who underwent laparoscopy to determine complete cytoreduction (CC-0/1)/HIPEC candidacy. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected.', 'A total of 145 laparoscopies were performed on 141 patients, 72 (51.1\xa0%) of whom were female, with a median age of 53\xa0years (range 20-79). The primary site was appendiceal in 67 (47.5\xa0%) patients, colorectal in 43 (30.5\xa0%), mesothelioma in 17 (12.1\xa0%), unknown in 9 (6.4\xa0%), small bowel in 3 (2.1\xa0%), gastric in 1, and ovarian in 1 (0.7\xa0% each). Overall, 115 (81.6\xa0%) patients had prior abdominal surgery, 111 (76.6\xa0%) had evidence of disease on imaging, and 117 (80.7\xa0%) underwent prior chemotherapy, with a median of 5.9\xa0weeks between the last treatment and laparoscopy (0.9-498.9\xa0weeks). Four (2.8\xa0%) intraoperative complications were observed (one liver laceration, two enterotomies, and one air embolus), and nine (6.2\xa0%) postoperative complications [four (2.8\xa0%) Clavien grade (CG) I, three (2.8\xa0%) CG II, one (0.7\xa0%) CG III (return to operating room) and one (0.7\xa0%) CG IV (transient ischemic attack)]. Forty-eight patients deemed candidates by laparoscopy underwent CRS/HIPEC (positive predictive value 82.8\xa0%).
Answer: Diagnostic laparoscopy is a safe, feasible, and accurate staging tool in patients with suspected peritoneal metastases being considered for CRS.

Answer: Is laparoscopy Safe and Accurate to Evaluate Peritoneal Surface Metastasis Prior to Cytoreductive Surgery?


Question: Context: Loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin gene (PGRN) were identified in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with ubiquitin-immunoreactive neuronal inclusions (FTLD-U). We assessed whether PGRN also contributes to genetic risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) in an extended Belgian AD patient group (n = 779, onset age 74.7 +/- 8.7 years).', 'A mutation analysis of the PGRN coding region was performed. The effect of missense mutations was assessed using in silico predictions and protein modeling. Risk effects of common genetic variants were estimated by logistic regression analysis and gene-based haplotype association analysis.', 'We observed seven missense mutations in eight patients (1.3%). Convincing pathogenic evidence was obtained for two missense mutations, p.Cys139Arg and p.Pro451Leu, affecting PGRN protein folding and leading to loss of PGRN by degradation of the misfolded protein. In addition, we showed that PGRN haplotypes were associated with increased risk for AD.
Answer: Our data support a role for PGRN in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease (AD). Further, we hypothesize that at least some PGRN missense mutations might lead to loss of functional protein. Whether the underlying pathology in our cases proves to be AD, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, or a combination of the two must await further investigations.

Answer: Does genetic variability in progranulin contribute to risk for clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease?


Question: Context: To determine whether concentrations of heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) measured before hospital discharge predict critical cardiac events in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).', '92 consecutive patients with DCM were enrolled and followed up for four years.', 'Serum concentrations of H-FABP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin T before hospital discharge and survival rate.', '23 patients died of cardiac causes, received a left ventricular assist device or underwent heart transplantation during the four-year follow up. Univariate analyses showed that New York Heart Association functional class, heart rate, ejection fraction, serum H-FABP and plasma BNP were significant variables. According to multivariate analysis, serum H-FABP and plasma BNP concentrations were independent predictors of critical cardiac events. Cardiac troponin T before hospital discharge was not a predictor. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for death from critical cardiac events was similar between H-FABP and BNP. Patients with an H-FABP concentration at or above the median (> or = 5.4 ng/ml) had a significantly lower survival rate than those below the median, according to analysis by log rank test (p < 0.0001). When combined with BNP concentration at or above the median (> or = 138 pg/ml), H-FABP below the median predicted the worst prognosis among the combinations.
Answer: The concentration of serum H-FABP before discharge from hospital may be an independent predictor for critical cardiac events in DCM.

Answer:
Is heart-type fatty acid binding protein a novel prognostic marker in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy?