In this task your given two statements. You must judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label the instances as "cause" or "effect" based on your judgment. The sentences are separated by a newline character.

Q: My ears were ringing.
I went to a concert.

A: cause
****
Q: My friend paid for my ticket.
I paid her back.

A: effect
****
Q: The boy read the novel aloud to his grandfather.
His grandfather was blind.

A:
cause
****