instruction:
In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
question:
A maximum independent set for this data structure can be found in linear time by adding alternating levels. In this structure, any two vertices or nodes must be connected by a single simple path, and thus it is connected and acyclic. By using (*) union-find with disjoint sets, one type of this structure containing all the vertices of a connected graph can be constructed. One variety of this data structure can be used to easily implement a binary search. This structure also comes in red-black and self-balancing-binary varieties. For 10 points, identify this data structure from computer science, a hierarchical graph in which "leaf" nodes ultimately flow from a "root" node.
answer:
Science


question:
Ostwald ripening is a consequence of this quantity's dependence on particle size. This quantity is plotted against temperature in an Ellingham diagram, and the Margules and van Laar equations relate this quantity to the activity coefficient. Phillips and Williams modified a diagram plotting this quantity over the Faraday constant against the oxidation state, the (*) Frost diagram. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter appears in a namesake expression giving the "partial molar" value of this quantity, also generally referred to as chemical potential. It is equivalent to the work done under constant pressure and temperature, and this quantity "of formation" is negative for thermodynamically stable compounds. For 10 points, give this thermodynamic quantity, whose change is equal to the change in enthalpy minus the product of temperature and the change in entropy, which is named after an American scientist.
answer:
Science


question:
He once kicked Yama to death, making everyone immortal for a time. He also beheaded his father-in-law Daksha, then gave him a goat's head. At the request of Bhagiratha, he agreed to break the fall of the goddess Ganga with his hair. His wife once saved him by strangling him after he caught the secretions of the serpent Vasuki during the churning of the oceans, turning his throat blue. Cursed by the sage Bhrigu to be worshipped in the form of the phallic lingam, FTP name this father of Ganesha and husband of Parvati, often called the destroyer.
answer:

Social Science