Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: Context: Early metastasis in node-negative breast cancer indicates that breast cancer cells obviously can bypass the lymph nodes and disseminate directly hematogenous to distant organs. For this purpose, we evaluated the prognostic value of blood-borne, HER2-positive circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the peripheral blood from 42 breast cancer patients with a median follow-up of 95 months.', 'Cells were isolated by the patented combined buoyant density gradient and immunomagnetic separation procedure and analyzed by immunocytochemistry.', 'We detected one to eight CTCs in the peripheral blood of 17 of 35 patients (48.6%) presenting no overt metastasis. As a positive control, 7 of 7 (100%) patients with metastatic disease presented positive. Healthy persons and patients (n = 32) operated for nonmalignant diseases presented negative for CTCs. The presence and frequency of HER2-positive CTCs correlated with a significantly decreased disease-free survival (P < 0.005) and overall survival (P < 0.05). Interestingly, in 12 patients with HER2-positive CTCs, the primary tumor was negative for HER2 as assessed by immunohistochemical score and fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Answer: This study provides some evidence of a prognostic effect of HER2-positive CTCs in stage I to III breast cancer. Future studies have to determine the outcome of patients treated with HER2-targeting therapies with respect to HER2-positive CTC levels because it is not unlikely that high levels of HER2-positive CTCs reflect the activity of the tumor and may predict response to trastuzumab.
Example Output: Do hER2-positive circulating tumor cells indicate poor clinical outcome in stage I to III breast cancer patients?

Example Input: Context: Impaired neurodevelopmental outcome represents a major morbidity for survivors of infant heart surgery for congenital heart defects. Previous studies in these neonates have reported preoperative microcephaly, periventricular leukomalacia, and other findings. The hypothesis of this study is that preoperative cerebral blood flow is substantially diminished and might relate to preoperative neurologic conditions.', 'Preoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Cerebral blood flow measurements in infants with congenital heart defects were obtained by using a novel noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging technique, pulsed arterial spin-label perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral blood flow was measured before the operation under standard ventilation and repeated after increased carbon dioxide.', 'A total of 25 term infants were studied. The average age at the time of the operation was 4.4 +/- 4.6 days. Congenital heart defects varied widely. Microcephaly occurred in 24% (6/25). Baseline cerebral blood flow was 19.7 +/- 9.2 mL . 100 g -1 . min -1 (8.0-42.2 mL . 100 g -1 . min -1 ). Five patients had cerebral blood flow measurements of less than 10 mL . 100 g -1 . min -1 . Mean hypercarbic cerebral blood flow increased to 40.1 +/- 20.3 mL . 100 g -1 . min -1 (11.4-94.0 mL . 100 g -1 . min -1 , P < .001). Pairwise analyses found that low hemoglobin levels were associated with higher baseline cerebral blood flow values ( P = .04). Periventricular leukomalacia occurred in 28% (7/25) and was associated with decreased baseline cerebral blood flow values ( P = .05) and a smaller change in cerebral blood flow with hypercarbia ( P = .003).
Answer: Structural brain abnormalities are common in these neonates before surgical intervention. Preoperative cerebral blood flow for this cohort was low and drastically reduced in some patients. Low cerebral blood flow values were associated with periventricular leukomalacia. Carbon dioxide reactivity was preserved but might be compromised by some aspects of the cardiac anatomy. The full spectrum of cerebral blood flow measurements with this technique in congenital heart defects and their long-term significance require continued investigation.
Example Output: Is preoperative cerebral blood flow diminished in neonates with severe congenital heart defects?

Example Input: Context: Cachexia has a devastating impact on survival and quality of life for many cancer patients and contributes to nearly one-third of all cancer deaths; also, it is associated with poor responses to chemotherapy and survival. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of cancer-associated cachexia (CAC), coupled with effective therapeutic approaches, will improve management of progressive functional impairment in cancer patients. Salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside in Rhodiola rosea L, has been reported to possess potential anti-fatigue, anti-ageing, and anti-Alzheimer's disease properties. It is widely consumed as a nutritional supplement, but its effects on CAC and the possible mechanism remain a mystery.", 'In the murine models of cachexia induced by CT-26 and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumour, respectively, main features of CAC were determined after treatment of salidroside or chemotherapy. In vitro experiments were performed using murine C2C12 myotubes, which were treated by tumour necrosis factor-α. Levels of several critical muscle-related signal proteins such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) were examined using western blot both in vitro and in vivo.', 'In the present study, we showed the exciting effect of salidroside on the treatment of CAC. In CT-26 and LLC models, respectively, salidroside treatment could effectively preserve the tumour-free body weight, decrease loss of adipose and gastrocnemius muscles, alleviate tumour burden, and prolong their survival time. Additionally, in combined chemotherapy, salidroside could synergistically enhance the anti-tumour activity of cisplatin, especially decreased or eliminated chemotherapy-induced cachexia. Further analysis demonstrated that salidroside could significantly increase expression of mTOR, p-mTOR, and MyHC in gastrocnemius muscle. Also, results in vitro showed that salidroside could not only obviously increase mTOR, p-mTOR, and MyHC expression in C2C12 myotubes but also effectively rescue their down-regulation induced by tumour necrosis factor-α.
Answer: In the current study, the exciting effect of salidroside on CAC suggested that salidroside supplementation might be a promising approach for a multi-targeted therapy for the treatment of CAC.
Example Output:
Does salidroside alleviate cachexia symptoms in mouse models of cancer cachexia via activating mTOR signalling?