Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Q: Context: Macroprolactinemia is a frequent finding in hyperprolactinemic individuals, usually without clinical impact. Data on biological activity of macroprolactin (bbPRL) are controversial and mostly based on a heterologous rat Nb2 cell bioassay. Biological activity of bbPRL observed in vitro but not in vivo may be due to its high molecular weight, preventing its passage through capillary barrier. Alternatively, bbPRL bioactivity may differ depending on the prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR) species specificity.', 'The objective of the study was to characterize the bioactivity of bbPRL in a homologous bioassay: Ba/F-3 cells stably expressing the human PRLR.', "Chromatography-purified bbPRL from macroprolactinemic individuals (group I, n = 18) and monomeric PRL from hyperprolactinemic patients without macroprolactinemia (group II, n = 5) were tested in Nb2 and Ba/F-LLP bioassays. Both groups were followed up at the neuroendocrinology outpatients' clinic.", 'Biological activity of bbPRL presented in the two bioassays was measured.', 'In group I, no patient had hypogonadism. Mean ratio bioactivity to immunoactivity of bbPRL in the Nb2 assay was 0.69. There was no dose-response in 15 of the 18 samples tested in Ba/F-LLP assay. In group II, three patients had galactorrhea and all five had hypogonadism. Mean ratio bioactivity to immunoactivity of monomeric PRL samples was 1.35 in Nb2 and 0.91 in Ba/F-LLP assay.
Answer: Whereas both bioassays achieve similar results with respect to monomeric PRL activity, our results indicate that the activity displayed by bbPRL toward the rat receptor may be inappropriate because it is not observed in the human PRLR-mediated assay, consistent with the apparent absence of bioactivity in vivo.

A: Does human macroprolactin display low biological activity via its homologous receptor in a new sensitive bioassay?
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Q: Context: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinopathy resulting from diabetes mellitus (DM) which was classified into non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR). Without an early screening and effective diagnosis, patients with PDR will develop serious complications. Therefore, we sought to identify special serum microRNAs (miRNAs) that can serve as a novel non-invasive screening signature of PDR and test its specificity and sensitivity in the early diagnosis of PDR.', 'In total, we obtained serum samples from 90 PDR cases, 90 matched NPDR patients and 20 controls. An initial screening of miRNA expression was performed through TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA). The candidate miRNAs were validated by individual reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) arranged in an initial and a two-stage validation sets. Moreover, additional double-blind testing was performed in 20 patients clinically suspected of having DR to evaluate the diagnostic value and accuracy of the serum miRNA profiling system in predicting PDR.', 'Three miRNAs were significantly increased in patients with PDR compared with NPDR after the multiple stages. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the validated three-serum miRNAs signature were 0.830, 0.803 and 0.873 in the initial and two validation sets, respectively. Combination of miR-21, miR-181c, and miR-1179 possessed a moderate ability to discrimination between PDR and NPDR with an area under ROC value of 0.89. The accuracy rate of the three-miRNA profile as PDR signature was 82.6%.
Answer: These data provide evidence that serum miRNAs have the potential to be sensitive, cost-effective biomarkers for the early detection of PDR. These biomarkers could serve as a dynamic monitoring factor for detecting the progression of PDR from NPDR.

A: Do serum miRNA biomarkers serve as a fingerprint for proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
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Q: Context: To study the effect of dexamethasone on postextubation stridor (PS) incidence and reintubation rate due to PS in a high-risk paediatric intensive care population.', 'All children aged between 4 wk and 6 y, who were intubated for at least 24 h and extubated between August 1999 and May 2002, were retrospectively included (n=60). Medical records of the included patients were studied; records of patients treated with dexamethasone prior to and following extubation (n=23) were compared with control patients who had not received prophylactic medication (n=37).', 'Nine patients in the control group developed significant postextubation stridor, necessitating nebulized epinephrine or glucocorticosteroids. In six of these children, reintubation as a result of postextubation stridor was indicated. None of the patients treated with dexamethasone developed severe postextubation stridor or required reintubation.
Answer: The risk of postextubation stridor is relatively high in the group of children aged between 4 wk and 6 y with intubation exceeding 24 h. We found dexamethasone to be effective in preventing reintubation due to postextubation stridor in this paediatric high-risk group.

A:
Does dexamethasone reduce reintubation rate due to postextubation stridor in a high-risk paediatric population?
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