In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.

[Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Family Telephone Connection 
Protection Act of 2005''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    The Congress finds that:
            (1) The telephone is the primary method by which 
        individuals correspond and maintain contact with family members 
        who are incarcerated in correctional institutions.
            (2) Except for emergency purposes, family members are not 
        allowed to call people incarcerated in correctional 
        institutions; incarcerated persons are typically allowed to 
        call family members and other pre-approved individuals only 
        through payphones physically located on the premises of 
        correctional institutions.
            (3) Inmate telephone service in correctional institutions 
        often is limited to collect calling.
            (4) Regardless of whether the prisoners' calls are placed 
        collect or through a debit account, the prisoners' family 
        members typically pay for the calls, either through their 
        telephone bills, in the case of collect calls received from 
        prisoners, or by making deposits directly into prisoners' debit 
        accounts.
            (5) Innocent citizens are paying excessive telephone 
        charges simply due to having a family member or loved one who 
        is incarcerated.
            (6) The rates for calls from correctional institutions are 
        some of the highest rates in the United States, with some per-
        minute charges reaching $1 and service or connection charges of 
        $3.95 per call.
            (7) Information compiled by the Congress and the Federal 
        Communications Commission shows that the high rates are due in 
        part to the lack of competition between telephone companies 
        that provide long distance inmate telephone service to 
        correctional institutions.
            (8) There are no competitive forces providing incentives 
        for those carriers to lower prices or operate efficiently 
        because, unlike the mass market, only one carrier is typically 
        permitted to provide long distance inmate telephone service 
        within each correctional institution.
            (9) High calling rates also are due in part to commissions 
        that carriers pay to correctional institution administrators 
        for the exclusive right to provide long distance inmate 
        telephone service in a correctional facility. In some cases, 
        such commissions account for 50 percent or more of the total 
        charges.
            (10) The collection of such commissions by correctional 
        institution administrators and state departments of correction 
        based upon interstate telecommunications revenues is a burden 
        on interstate commerce.
            (11) Due to the lack of competition for telephone services 
        within correctional institutions, families of people in prison, 
        many of whom have low incomes, cannot choose the long distance 
        carrier with the lowest calling rates and must pay the 
        excessive rates charged by the carrier having the exclusive 
        right to provide long distance service to the correctional 
        institution from which the call originates.
            (12) It is the policy of the United States to ensure that 
        all Americans are afforded just and reasonable communications 
        services, including those families that pay rates for inmate 
        telephone service.
            (13) It is clear from various studies that maintaining 
        frequent and meaningful communications between people who are 
        incarcerated and family members is key to the successful social 
        reintegration of formerly incarcerated individuals. Such 
        contact reduces recidivism and facilitates rehabilitation, 
        which in turn reduces crime and the future costs of 
        imprisonment.
            (14) Frequent communications between incarcerated persons 
        and family members is burdened, and in some cases, prevented, 
        by excessive inmate telephone service rates. Excessive inmate 
        telephone service rates thus weaken the family and community 
        ties that are necessary for successful reentry into society by 
        persons who were formerly incarcerated and the reduction in 
        crime resulting from successful reentry.
            (15) The Commission has the expertise and authority to 
        regulate inmate telephone service. Because parties to 
        Commission rulemaking proceedings have raised issues regarding 
        its authority to implement meaningful relief for excessive 
        inmate telephone service rates, Congress finds it necessary and 
        appropriate to reaffirm that the Commission has the authority 
        to implement the types of relief set forth in this Act.

SEC. 3. RESTRICTIONS ON THE PROVISION OF INMATE TELEPHONE SERVICE.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 226(a) of the Communications Act of 1934 
(47 U.S.C. 226(a)) is amended adding at the end the following new 
paragraphs:
            ``(10) The term `collect' or `collect call' refers to a 
        telephone call from a person incarcerated in a correctional 
        institution that is billed to the subscriber receiving the 
        call.
            ``(11) The term `commission' refers to a fee or other 
        payment by a provider of inmate telephone service to an 
        administrator of a correctional institution, department of 
        correction, or similar entity, based upon, or partly upon, 
        inmate telephone service revenue.
            ``(12) The term `debit account' refers to the payment of 
        inmate telephone service through a prisoner's prepaid card or 
        other account, which can be accessed only through an access 
        code, personal identification number, or similar identifier.
            ``(13) The term `inmate telephone service' includes the 
        provision of telephone service enabling persons incarcerated in 
        correctional institutions to originate interstate calls at 
        payphones or other telephones that are designated for 
        prisoners' personal use, regardless of whether the calls are 
        collect, paid through a debit account, or paid through any 
        other means.
            ``(14) The term `provider of inmate telephone service' 
        means any common carrier that provides inmate telephone service 
        or any other person determined by the Commission to be 
        providing inmate telephone service.''.
    (b) Regulations.--Section 226 is further amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (k); and
            (2) inserting after subsection (h) the following new 
        subsections:
    ``(i) Regulation of Inmate Telephone Service.--
            ``(1) Rates.--In order to ensure that charges for inmate 
        telephone service are just, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory, 
        the Commission shall consider, either in a rulemaking 
        proceeding that is pending as of the date of enactment of the 
        Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2005 or in a new 
        rulemaking proceeding, the following types of regulation of 
        inmate telephone service, all of which are within the 
        Commission's jurisdiction and authority:
                    ``(A) prescribing a maximum uniform per-minute 
                compensation rate;
                    ``(B) prescribing a maximum uniform service 
                connection or other per-call compensation rate;
                    ``(C) prescribing variable maximum compensation 
                rates depending on such factors as carrier costs, the 
                size of the correctional facility served, and other 
                relevant factors identified by the Commission;
                    ``(D) requiring providers of inmate telephone 
                service to offer both collect calling and debit account 
                services;
                    ``(E) prohibiting the payment of commissions by 
                providers of inmate telephone service to administrators 
                of correctional institutions, departments of 
                correction, and similar entities; and
                    ``(F) requiring administrators of correctional 
                institutions, departments of correction, and similar 
                entities to allow more than one provider of inmate 
                telephone service to provide interstate inmate 
                telephone service at a correctional institution in 
                order that prisoners have a choice of such providers.
            ``(2) Scope.--The regulations adopted by the Commission 
        shall be technologically neutral and shall not jeopardize 
        legitimate security and penelogical interests. To the extent 
        the Commission regulations reduce or eliminate the revenue 
        derived by administrators of correctional institutions, 
        departments of correction, and similar entities from the 
        receipt of commissions, such effects of Commission regulations 
        shall not be considered as jeopardizing or otherwise affecting 
        legitimate security or penelogical interests.
            ``(3) Deadlines and periodic review.--The Commission shall 
        prescribe regulations to implement the provisions of this 
        subsection within one year after the date of enactment of the 
        Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2005. The 
        Commission shall review, on a triennial basis, the regulations 
        promulgated under this subsection, including whether any 
        Commission-established compensation rates should be modified.
            ``(4) State preemption.--To the extent that any State 
        requirements are inconsistent with the Commission's regulations 
        affecting or pertaining to interstate inmate telephone service, 
        including restrictions on the payment of commissions based upon 
        interstate inmate telephone service revenues or earnings, the 
        Commission's regulations on such matters shall preempt such 
        State requirements.
    ``(j) Inmate Telephone Service Fully Subject to Sections 251 and 
252.--
            ``(1) Inmate telephone service is fully subject to the 
        requirements of sections 251 and 252 of this Act.
            ``(2) No provider of inmate telephone service may block or 
        otherwise refuse to carry a call placed by an incarcerated 
        person on the grounds that the provider has no contractual or 
        other arrangement with the local exchange carrier serving the 
        intended recipient of the call or other common carrier involved 
        in any portion of the transmission of the call.''.
[A]: Family Telephone Connection Protection Act of 2005 - Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to direct the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to consider the following types of regulation of inmate telephone service: (1) prescribing a maximum uniform per-minute rate (paid to telephone service providers); (2) prescribing a maximum uniform service connection or other per-call rate; (3) prescribing variable maximum rates depending on factors such as carrier costs or the size of the correctional facility; (4) requiring providers of inmate telephone service to offer both collect calling and debit account services; (5) prohibiting the payment of commissions by such providers to administrators of correctional facilities; and (6) requiring such administrators to allow more than one service provider at a facility so that prisoners have a choice.


[Q]: SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

     This Act may be cited as the ``Zero Gravity, Zero Tax Act of 
2003''.

SEC. 2. EXCLUSION OF SPACE-RELATED INCOME FROM GROSS INCOME.

    (a) In General.--Part III of subchapter B of chapter 1 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to items specifically excluded 
from gross income) is amended by redesignating section 140 as section 
140A and inserting after section 139 the following new section:

``SEC. 140. SPACE-RELATED INCOME.

    ``(a) General Rule.--Gross income shall not include space-related 
income.
    ``(b) Space-Related Income.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of this section, the term 
        `space-related income' means--
                    ``(A) income derived from the sale by the taxpayer 
                to an unrelated person of--
                            ``(i) any product or article which is 
                        produced by the taxpayer in outer space, and
                            ``(ii) any service provided by the taxpayer 
                        in or from outer space,
                    ``(B) income of an individual attributable to 
                services performed in or from outer space by such 
                individual in a trade or business, and
                    ``(C) any amount not described in subparagraph (A) 
                or (B) which is interest, rent, royalty, or similar 
                amount received with respect to production or service 
                described in subparagraph (A) or (B).
            ``(2) Exception for telecommunications services, etc.--
        Paragraph (1)(A)(ii) shall not apply to--
                    ``(A) any telecommunications service provided from 
                earth orbit,
                    ``(B) any service provided by a weather or other 
                earth observation satellite, and
                    ``(C) any other service provided on or before the 
                date of the enactment of this section of transporting 
                property to or from outer space.
            ``(3) Exception for wages.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply 
        to wages (as defined in section 3401) received by any employee 
        of an employer.
            ``(4) Proportional allocation between space-based and 
        earth-based activities.--In the case of any product or article 
        which is produced partly in space, space-related income shall 
        be an amount which bears the same ratio to the amount of gross 
        income attributable to the sale of such product or article as 
        the expenses attributable to producing such product or article 
        in space bears to the total expenses incurred in producing such 
        product or article.
            ``(5) Produced.--For purposes of this section, the term 
        `produced' includes created, fabricated, developed, grown, 
        manufactured, extracted, processed, cured, and aged.
    ``(c) Exclusion From Tariffs, Etc.--Any product--
            ``(1) which is manufactured in outer space, and
            ``(2) which was--
                    ``(A) launched from, and returned to Earth, within 
                the United States, or
                    ``(B) Manufactured at a facility in outer space 
                which is owned by 1 or more United States persons, 
                shall be exempt from all Federal excises, imposts, and 
                duties and any other Federal tariffs.
    ``(d) Phaseout of Benefits.--In the case of a taxable year 
beginning after December 31, 2012, the amount excluded under subsection 
(a) shall be reduced (but not below zero) by x/10th's of the amount 
excludable without regard to this subsection, where `x' is the number 
of years such taxable year is after the last taxable year beginning 
before January 1, 2013. A similar rule shall apply to the benefits 
under subsection (c).''.
    (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for part III of 
subchapter B of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by striking the last 
item and inserting the following new items:

                              ``Sec. 140. Space-related income.
                              ``Sec. 140A. Cross references to other 
                                        Acts.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2003.

SEC. 3. CREDIT FOR PURCHASE OF QUALIFIED SPACE COMPANY STOCK.

    (a) In General.--Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to business related 
credits) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 45G. SPACE COMPANY INVESTMENT CREDIT.

    ``(a) General Rule.--For purposes of section 38, the space company 
investment credit determined under this section for any taxable year is 
the amount paid in the taxable year for the purchase of qualified stock 
in a qualified space company.
    ``(b) Qualified Space Company.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) In general.--The term `qualified space company' means 
        a domestic C corporation if for the 3-taxable-year period 
        ending with the taxable year immediately preceding the taxable 
        year in which qualified stock is purchased--
                    ``(A) the average annual gross receipts of such 
                entity does not exceed $100,000,000, and
                    ``(B) more than 70 percent of such gross receipts 
                are derived from space-based business.
            ``(2) Space-based business.--The term `space-based 
        business' means a business whose gross receipts are 
        substantially space-related income, as defined in section 
        140(b).
            ``(3) Aggregation rules.--Rules similar to the rules of 
        section 1202(d)(3) shall apply.
    ``(c) Qualified Stock.--For purposes of this section--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        section, the term `qualified stock' means any stock in a 
        domestic C corporation if--
                    ``(A) as of the date of issuance of such stock, 
                such corporation is a qualified space company, and
                    ``(B) except as provided in subsections (f) and 
                (h), such stock is acquired by the taxpayer at its 
                original issue (directly or through an underwriter)--
                            ``(i) in exchange for money or other 
                        property (not including stock), or
                            ``(ii) as compensation for services 
                        provided to such corporation (other than 
                        services performed as an underwriter of such 
                        stock).
            ``(2) Active business requirement.--Stock in a corporation 
        shall not be treated as qualified stock unless, during 
        substantially all of the taxpayer's holding period for such 
        stock--
                    ``(A) such corporation meets active business 
                requirements substantially similar to the requirements 
                of section 1202(e), determined on the basis that the 
                qualified trade or business is a space-based business, 
                and
                    ``(B) such corporation is a C corporation.
            ``(3) Certain purchase by corporation of its own stock.--
        Rules similar to the rules of section 1202(c)(3) shall apply.
    ``(e) Recapture.--If, during any taxable year ending with or within 
the 10-year period beginning on the date qualified stock was purchased 
by the taxpayer, the issuer of such stock ceases to a qualified space 
company, the tax under this chapter for such taxable year shall be 
increased by the aggregate decrease in the credits allowed under 
section 38 for all prior taxable years which would have resulted solely 
from reducing to zero any credit determined under subsection (a) with 
respect to such stock.
    ``(f) Termination.--This section shall not apply to stock acquired 
after December 31, 2011.''.
    (b) Credit Allowed as Part of General Business Credit.--Section 
38(b) of such Code (defining current year business credit) is amended 
by striking ``plus'' at the end of paragraph (14), by striking the 
period at the end of paragraph (15) and inserting ``, plus'', and by 
adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(16) space company investment credit determined under 
        section 45G(a).''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) Section 39(d) of such Code is amended by adding at the 
        end the following new paragraph:
            ``(11) No carryback of space company investment credit 
        before january 1, 2004.--No portion of the unused business 
        credit for any taxable year which is attributable to the space 
        company investment credit determined under section 45G may be 
        carried back to a taxable year beginning before January 1, 
        2004.''.
            (2) Subsection (c) of section 196 of such Code is amended 
        by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (9), by striking 
        the period at the end of paragraph (10) and inserting ``, 
        and'', and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(11) the space company investment credit determined under 
        section 45G(a).''.
            (3) The table of sections for subpart D of part IV of 
        subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding at 
        the end the following new item:

                              ``Sec. 45G. Space Company Investment 
                                        Credit.''.
    (d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to costs paid or incurred in taxable years beginning after 
December 31, 2003.

SEC. 4. CAPITAL GAINS EXCLUSION.

    (a) In General.--(1) Part I of subchapter P of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986 (relating to treatment of capital gains) is amended by 
adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 1203. EXCLUSION FOR GAINS FROM SALE OR EXCHANGE OF STOCK OF 
              QUALIFIED SPACE CORPORATIONS.

    ``(a) In General.--Gross income shall not include gain on the sale 
or exchange of any stock of a qualified space corporation.
    ``(b) Qualified Space Corporation.--For purposes of subsection (a), 
the term `qualified space corporation' means, with respect to any 
taxable year, a domestic corporation which is a C corporation if--
            ``(1) such corporation is organized exclusively for 
        providing to unrelated persons--
                    ``(A) any product or article which is produced 
                (within the meaning of section 140(b)(5)) by the 
                corporation in outer space, or
                    ``(B) any service provided by the corporation in or 
                from outer space, and
            ``(2) At least 90 percent of the expenses of such 
        corporation are attributable to the active conduct of a trade 
        or business of providing a product, article, or service 
        described in paragraph (1).
Such term shall not include a corporation providing a service, product, 
or article described in section 140(b)(2).''.
    (2) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for part I of 
subchapter P of such Code is amended by adding at the end the following 
new item:

                              ``Sec. 1203. Exclusion for gains from 
                                        sale or exchange of stock of 
                                        qualified space 
                                        corporations.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2003.
[A]: Zero Gravity, Zero Tax Act of 2003 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to exclude from gross income: (1) space-related income; and (2) gain on the sale or exchange of any stock of a qualified space corporation.Establishes a space company investment credit for the purchase of qualified stock in a qualified space company.


[Q]: SECTION 1. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Manufacturing Extension Partnership services are 
        available in all 50 States and at 392 locations.
            (2) The Manufacturing Extension Partnership delivers 
        critical services to small and midsized manufacturers, 
        providing access to public and private resources that enhance 
        growth, improve productivity, and expand capacity.
            (3) The Manufacturing Extension Partnership helps 
        manufacturers position themselves as strong long-term 
        competitors in domestic and international markets.
            (4) Of the 7 million jobs lost in the recession as of 
        February 2009, over 2 million were from the manufacturing 
        sector, and the Manufacturing Extension Partnership reported 
        creating or retaining over 57,000 manufacturing jobs in the 
        most recent surveyed year.
            (5) The Manufacturing Extension Partnership has delivered 
        $1.44 billion in cost savings annually and $10.5 billion in 
        increased or retained sales in a single year.
            (6) Every dollar contributed by the Federal Government to 
        the Manufacturing Extension Partnership is matched 2-to-1 by 
        State and local governments and participating manufacturers.
            (7) The recession has strained many State budgets, and 23 
        State Manufacturing Extension Partnership Centers reported a 
        decrease or elimination of State funding in 2009.
            (8) When a State decreases or eliminates funding for the 
        Manufacturing Extension Partnership, the cost-share burden is 
        shifted to small manufacturers who are unlikely to be able to 
        afford increased contributions during an economic downturn, and 
        the availability of Manufacturing Extension Partnership 
        services is jeopardized.
            (9) A reduction in the matching requirement for 
        participants in the Manufacturing Extension Partnership will 
        greatly alleviate the burden on State budgets and small 
        manufacturers and preserve the Manufacturing Extension 
        Partnership's ability to provide critical services to small 
        manufacturers and create much-needed jobs in the manufacturing 
        sector.

SEC. 2. HOLLINGS MANUFACTURING EXTENSION PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM.

    Section 25(c) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278k(c)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, unless otherwise 
        determined under paragraph (3)(C)'' before the period at the 
        end;
            (2) in paragraph (3)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by striking ``not less than 50 percent 
                        of the costs incurred for the first 3 years and 
                        an increasing share for each of the last 3 
                        years'' and inserting ``the applicant's share 
                        of the costs incurred (in this subsection 
                        referred to as `cost share')''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``For purposes of the 
                        preceding sentence, the'' and inserting 
                        ``The'';
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and (D) as 
                subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively;
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the 
                following new subparagraph:
                    ``(C) The Secretary shall by rule establish 
                appropriate criteria to be considered in determining a 
                Center's cost share. A Center's cost share shall in no 
                case exceed 50 percent of the costs incurred by such 
                Center. The Secretary shall review each Center's cost 
                share annually and at such other times as the Secretary 
                considers appropriate. An adjustment to a Center's cost 
                share in a year shall not affect the amount of Federal 
                funds such Center receives in such year.''; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (D), as redesignated by 
                subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by striking ``50 percent'' and 
                        inserting ``cost share''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``Center's contribution'' 
                        and inserting ``Center's cost share''; and
            (3) in paragraph (5)--
                    (A) in the 6th sentence, by striking ``at declining 
                levels''; and
                    (B) in the last sentence--
                            (i) by striking ``Funding'' and inserting 
                        ``Unless otherwise determined under paragraph 
                        (3)(C), funding''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``one third'' and 
                        inserting ``50 percent''.
[A]:
Amends the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act to reduce the matching funds requirement for participants in the Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program (providing services to small and mid-sized manufacturers) from not less than 50% of the costs incurred for the first three years and an increasing share for each of the last three years to no more than 50% of the costs incurred by a participating Regional Center for the Transfer of Manufacturing Technology. Directs the Secretary of Commerce to establish criteria to determine a Center's cost share.