In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

[Q]: In one work, this thinker consults with a monk to better understand the concept of proximate power. This thinker divided hypotheses into three categories depending on what absurdities would be implied by accepting the hypothesis as true or false. This man participated in the Formulary Controversy with a series of letters in which he attacked Antonio Escobar's use of casuistry and lambasted the moral lapses of the Jesuits. After a carriage accident and a subsequent religious vision, he published his Memorial, which led to him taking up the cause of the Jansenists. He is the namesake of an idea that suggests that the belief in God represents the possibility of infinite gain while only imposing a finite loss. For 10 points, name this author of the Provincial Letters and Pensees, a French philosopher who is the namesake of a "wager" and a mathematical triangle.
[A]: Social Science


[Q]: One work set in this country sees one character relinquish his throne to his son, who eventually has an affair with his own son's wife. Another work from this country centers on 108 bandits who occupy the title location. One novel from this country which produced The Outlaws of the Marsh centers on the retrieval of Buddhist scriptures from India and centers on Sun Wukong ["woo-kong"], who is the Monkey King. For 10 points, name this Asian country, whose classical novels include Dream of the Red Chamber and Journey to the West, which was written during the Ming dynasty.
[A]: Literature


[Q]: Several generals were killed in this nation in 1965 by the September 30th Movement. This country's independence was recognized in a document signed by Queen Juliana and Mohammed Hatta. A recent ruler of this country was called Gus Dur, and it's also been ruled by Megawati. An earlier leader of this country hosted an influential 1955 meeting of developing nations at the Bandung Conference. For 10 points, name country once ruled by Sukarno, the most populous Muslim country.
[A]:
History