Given a passage with a context and an answer, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Context: To investigate serum beta2-glycoprotein I-low-density lipoprotein (β2-GPI-LDL) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and to further evaluate the associations of β2-GPI-LDL with ox-LDL in vivo and with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications.', 'We determined β2-GPI-LDL, ox-LDL and small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) levels in 236 T2DM patients with or without microvascular complications and 75 controls. The correlation analyses, multiple linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses were performed, respectively.', 'Compared with controls, β2-GPI-LDL and ox-LDL levels were significantly elevated in both groups of T2DM patients and those with microvascular complications exhibited the more significant increase than those without complications. Serum β2-GPI-LDL levels were positively correlated with ox-LDL as well as sdLDL-C levels in T2DM patients. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that ox-LDL was one of the independent determinants of β2-GPI-LDL levels. Logistic regression analyses indicated that elevated β2-GPI-LDL and ox-LDL levels had significant predictive values for diabetic microvascular complications.
Answer: Elevated serum β2-GPI-LDL levels may be a serological hallmark of enhanced LDL oxidation in vivo and closely associated with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications.
[A]: Are elevated beta2-glycoprotein I-low-density lipoprotein levels associated with the presence of diabetic microvascular complications?


[Q]: Context: We investigated in vitro whether IL-1beta and TGF-beta1 affect pancreatic cancer cell growth, adhesion to the extracellular matrix and Matrigel invasion.', 'Adhesion to fibronectin, laminin and type I collagen, and Matrigel invasion after stimulation with saline, IL-1beta and TGF-beta1 were evaluated using three primary and three metastatic pancreatic cancer cell lines.', 'Extracellular matrix adhesion of control cells varied independently of the metastatic characteristics of the studied cell lines, whereas Matrigel invasion of control cells was partly correlated with the in vivo metastatic potential. IL-1beta did not influence extracellular matrix adhesion, whereas it significantly enhanced the invasiveness of three of the six cell lines. TGF-beta1 affected the adhesion of one cell line, and exerted contrasting effects on Matrigel invasion of different cell lines.
Answer: IL-1beta enhances the invasive capacity of pancreatic cancer cells, whereas TGF-beta1 has paradoxical effects on pancreatic cancer cells; this makes it difficult to interfere with TGF-beta1 signaling in pancreatic cancer treatment.
[A]: Is pancreatic cancer cells invasiveness mainly affected by interleukin-1beta not by transforming growth factor-beta1?


[Q]: Context: Current approaches for the treatment of gingival exposure are often time- and cost-consuming and/or rather invasive. We previously observed a strong correlation between the presence of gingival excess and midfacial depression and here propose an easy 1-step correction technique as a new strategy to improve gingival exposure.', 'From February 2004 to December 2012, 42 patients with gingival exposure associated with different degrees of midfacial depression, defined by Frankfort horizontal plane-labrale superius-subspinale angle and sella-nasion-A point angle, were treated by implantation of an inverted m-shaped expanded polytetrafluoroethylene at the base of the piriform aperture in a subperiosteal location. Patient pictures were taken preoperatively and postoperatively to assess gingival exposure at rest and fullest smile, as well as measurements of upper lip length, nasolabial angle, and facial convexity angle. A postoperative patient satisfaction survey was performed.', 'The average maximum gingival exposure was 5.52 ± 1.64 mm preoperatively and significantly decreased to 1.79 ± 0.67 mm at 6 months after surgery (P < 0.05) along with a significantly improved nasolabial angle from initially 85.3° ± 6.21° to 95.2° ± 7.1° (P < 0.05). The majority of patients (90.5%) rated their postoperative outcome as highly improved and improved. Temporary discomfort involving upper lip numbness, foreign body sensation, and stiff smiling expression was complained at 1 month postoperatively and gradually returned to normal after 3 months. No late recurrence or other complications were seen in any of the patients.
Answer: For cases involving midface depression, the present technique provides an effective and permanent treatment strategy to improve excessive gingival exposure. This single-step approach is a safe and technically easy therapeutic option which is associated with high patient acceptance.
[A]:
Does correction of Midface Depression Using an Inverted m-shaped Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Implant improve Gingival Exposure?