Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a major concern for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients because it is a leading cause of falls and is associated with poor quality of life. The pathophysiology is unknown but it is hypothesized that it relates to cognitive abnormalities; particularly executive and visuospatial dysfunction. However, prior results have been discrepant. Pharmacologic subtypes of FOG include those that are responsive and unresponsive to levodopa.", 'To determine whether executive and visuospatial dysfunction are associated specifically with the levodopa unresponsive subtype of FOG.', '135 PD subjects completed a single assessment included FOG questionnaire, UPDRS motor scale, comprehensive cognitive battery and measure of hallucinations. Analyses compared unresponsive (n\xa0=\xa016), responsive (n\xa0=\xa020) and no FOG (n\xa0=\xa099) subtypes.', 'The unresponsive subtype had a significantly older age of onset of PD than the responsive group (p\xa0=\xa0.03) and had worse motor scores (p\xa0=\xa0.003) than the no FOG group. Longer disease duration was associated with the responsive group compared to the no FOG group (p\xa0=\xa0.002). The unresponsive FOG group had significantly poorer visuospatial ability (p\xa0=\xa0.001) and executive functioning (p\xa0=\xa0.02) than both the no and responsive FOG subgroups. These latter groups were not significantly different. The responsive FOG group was associated with the presence of hallucinations.
[A]: Do freezing of gait subtypes have different cognitive correlates in Parkinson 's disease?


[Q]: To determine microRNA (miRNA) expression in human blastocysts relative to advanced maternal age and chromosome constitution.', "Cryopreserved human blastocysts were warmed and underwent a trophectoderm biopsy for comprehensive chromosomal screening. Select blastocysts were then lysed, reverse transcribed, and pre-amplified prior to running real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using an internal constant housekeeping miRNA. Significant microRNA's of interest were then analyzed for their predicted genes and biological pathways. Additional cryopreserved blastocysts were warmed and stained for the SIRT1 protein for validation.", 'Human blastocysts exhibit unique miRNA expression profiles in relation to maternal age and chromosome constitution. miR-93 was exclusively expressed in blastocysts from women in their forties and further up-regulated with an abnormal chromosome complement. Up-regulated miR-93 resulted in an inverse down-regulation of targets like SIRT1, resulting in reduced oxidative defense.
[A]: Do human blastocysts exhibit unique microrna profiles in relation to maternal age and chromosome constitution?


[Q]: To determine the effects of supplemental fiber on plasma p-cresol, stool frequency, and quality of life (QoL) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.', 'In a 12-week single-blind study, participants were provided with control muffins and supplements (5.5\xa0g sucrose/day) for 2\xa0weeks, muffins containing 10\xa0g/day pea hull fiber and control supplements for 4\xa0weeks, and muffins with 10\xa0g/day pea hull fiber and 15\xa0g/day inulin as a supplement for 6\xa0weeks.', 'Individuals with CKD (n\xa0=\xa013; 6 males, 7 females; aged 65\xa0±\xa03\xa0years; estimated glomerular filtration rate <50\xa0mL/minute/1.73(2)) completed the study.', 'Plasma p-cresol was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, stool frequency by 5-day journals, and QoL by the KDQOL-36™.', 'Plasma p-cresol decreased from 7.25\xa0±\xa01.74\xa0mg/L during week 1 to 5.82\xa0±\xa01.72\xa0mg/L during week 12 (P\xa0<\xa0.05), and in participants with high compliance (>70% inulin intake), from 6.71\xa0±\xa01.98\xa0mg/L to 4.22\xa0±\xa01.16\xa0mg/L (P\xa0<\xa0.05). Total fiber intake increased from 16.6\xa0±\xa01.7\xa0g/day during control to 26.5\xa0±\xa02.4\xa0g/day (P\xa0<\xa0.0001) with the added pea hull and to 34.5\xa0±\xa02.2\xa0g/day with pea hull and inulin (P\xa0<\xa0.0001). Stool frequency increased from 1.4\xa0±\xa00.2 stools/day during control to 1.9\xa0±\xa00.3 stools/day during both fiber periods (P\xa0<\xa0.05). No change in overall QoL was observed.
[A]:
Does fiber supplementation lower plasma p-cresol in chronic kidney disease patients?