TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: Melamine resin is formed by dehydration of this compound, while barbiturates can also be formed by addition of this compound to malonic acid. Other uses of this compound include separation of racemic mixtures. Originally produced by a reaction between silver cyanate with ammonium chloride, it is now made in indusrial quantities by heating carbon dioxide with ammonia. When arginine is split, it forms an ornithine molecule and a molecule of this; the principal end product of mammalian nitrogen metabolism. First isolated by H.M. Rouelle, FTP, name the compound used to disprove the theory of vitalism when, in 1828 Friedrich Wohler, first synthesized it from inorganic materials.

SOLUTION: Science

PROBLEM: One conflict in this country saw the Duke of Guise fight for the throne with two other men named Henry. This country signed the Evian Accords in 1962 with Algeria. In the 8th century, this was the site where Charles Martel was victorious at the Battle of Tours. This country was led by (*) Nicolas Sarkozy until the 2012 elections. For 10 points, name this country once led by Charles de Gaulle.

SOLUTION: History

PROBLEM: For an undulator, the most prominent value for this quantity is proportional to the Lorentz gamma\n squared over the sum one plus the product of the Lorentz gamma squared and the angle squared. For\n alternating current in a conductor, the skin depth is given by the square root of the quantity two over the\n product of permeability, conductivity, and this quantity. The levels of the quantum harmonic oscillator are\n quantized in discrete units of this quantity. The energy of a photon is given by Planck's constant times this\n quantity, and for a pendulum, this quantity is given by the square root of the gravitational acceleration over\n the length. For ten points, identify this quantity in physics which is the inverse of the period and has units\n of inverse seconds, or hertz.

SOLUTION:
Science