TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
PROBLEM: Context: Talin-1 is a cytoskeleton protein that participates in cell migration and plays a role in tumor formation, migration, and metastasis in different types of cancer. Chinese investigators have observed that the levels of Talin-1 protein and mRNA expression in HCC tissues are significantly lower than in the adjacent non-cancerous tissue. However, Japanese investigators have reported that Talin-1 is upregulated in HCC. Tln2 as homologous gene of Tln-1, which encodes a very similar protein, but the role of Talin-2 is very little known in primary liver cancer (PLC). We investigated whether the expression of Talin-1 in PLC may be associated with the histological subtype as well as the role of Talin-1 in tumor cell invasion and migration using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.', 'We measured the mRNA expression levels of Talin-1 and Talin-2 in five human liver cancer cell lines and normal human liver cell (LO2 cell line) by real-time PCR and the protein expression levels of Talin-1 by Western blot. Migration and invasion of the cells were assessed using transwell assays and cell scratch experiments, respectively, and proliferation was assessed by soft AGAR colony formation.', 'Talin-1 and Talin-2 expression differed significantly between the five human liver cancer cell lines and LO2 cell line (p<0.05). Compared with the LO2 cell line, the invasion and migration capabilities of the five cancer cell lines differed significantly (p<0.05). Similarly, the colony-forming ability differed (p<0.05).\Question: Does talin-1 correlate with reduced invasion and migration in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells?

SOLUTION: High levels of Talin-1 expression are correlated with reduced invasion and migration as well as decreased malignancy in human liver cancer cell lines; the suppression of Talin-1 promotes invasion and migration. In addition, Talin-2 may be correlated with invasion and migration in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

PROBLEM: Context: To investigate the impact of prophylactic hyperoxic ventilation with Fio2 0.6 on the physiologic limit of acute normovolemic anemia.', 'Prospective, controlled, randomized experimental study.', 'Experimental animal laboratory of a university hospital.', 'Fourteen anesthetized domestic pigs.', 'Animals were randomly ventilated with either Fio2 0.21 (group 0.21, n = 7) or Fio2 0.6 (group 0.6, n = 7), and acute anemia was induced by isovolemic blood-for-hydroxy-ethylstarch (HES) exchange using a 6% HES solution (130/0.4).', 'The blood-for-HES-exchange was continued until a sudden decrease of total body oxygen consumption indicated the onset of oxygen supply dependency (primary end point); the corresponding hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was defined as "critical" (Hb(crit)). Secondary end points were changes in myocardial function, central hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and tissue oxygenation. Compared with room air ventilation (Fio2 0.21), hyperoxic ventilation with Fio2 0.6 enabled a larger blood-for-HES-exchange (139%, 124/156) of circulating blood volume vs. 87% (68/94, p < .05), until Hb(crit) was reached (1.5 g/dL [1.4/2.1] vs. 2.4 g/dL [2.0/2.8], p < .05). At Hb 2.4 g/dL (i.e., Hb(crit) in group 0.21), animals of group 0.6 still presented with superior oxygen transport, tissue oxygenation, and hemodynamic stability. However, hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables were found deteriorated more severely at Hb 1.5 g/dL (i.e., Hb(crit) of group 0.6) compared with group 0.21 at Hb 2.4 g/dL.\Question: Does hyperoxic ventilation increase the tolerance of acute normovolemic anemia in anesthetized pigs?

SOLUTION: During cell-free volume replacement, hyperoxic ventilation with Fio2 0.6 generates a readily usable plasmatic oxygen reserve and thereby increases the tolerance toward acute normovolemic anemia.

PROBLEM: Context: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and the phenotypic expression of a gene coding for a putative collagenase. This gene (AHA_0517) was identified in Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966 genome and named colAh. We constructed and characterized an Aeromonas piscicola AH-3::colAh knockout mutant. Collagenolytic activity of the wild-type and mutant strains was determined, demonstrating that colAh encodes for a collagenase. ColAh-collagen interaction was assayed by Far-Western blot, and cytopathic effects were investigated in Vero cells. We demonstrated that ColAh is a gluzincin metallopeptidase (approx. 100 kDa), able to cleave and physically interact with collagen, that contributes for Aeromonas collagenolytic activity and cytotoxicity. ColAh possess the consensus HEXXH sequence and a glutamic acid as the third zinc binding positioned downstream the HEXXH motif, but has low sequence similarity and distinct domain architecture to the well-known clostridial collagenases. In addition, these results highlight the importance of exploring new microbial collagenases that may have significant relevance for the health and biotechnological industries.\Question: Does aeromonas piscicola AH-3 express an extracellular collagenase with cytotoxic properties?

SOLUTION:
Collagenases play a central role in processes where collagen digestion is needed, for example host invasion by pathogenic micro-organisms. We identified a new collagenase from Aeromonas using an integrated in silico/in vitro strategy. This enzyme is able to bind and cleave collagen, contributes for AH-3 cytotoxicity and shares low similarity with known bacterial collagenases. This is the first report of an enzyme belonging to the gluzincin subfamily of the M9 family of peptidases in Aeromonas. This study increases the current knowledge on collagenolytic enzymes bringing new perspectives for biotechnology/medical purposes.