Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Neuroblastoma, a frequently occurring solid tumour in children, remains a therapeutic challenge as existing imaging tools are inadequate for proper and accurate diagnosis, resulting in treatment failures. Nanoparticles have recently been introduced to the field of cancer research and promise remarkable improvements in diagnostics, targeting and drug delivery. Among these nanoparticles, quantum dots (QDs) are highly appealing due to their manipulatable surfaces, yielding multifunctional QDs applicable in different biological models. The biocompatibility of these QDs, however, remains questionable.', 'We show here that QD surface modifications with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) alter QD physical and biological properties. In human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, NAC modified QDs were internalized to a lesser extent and were less cytotoxic than unmodified QDs. Cytotoxicity was correlated with Fas upregulation on the surface of treated cells. Alongside the increased expression of Fas, QD treated cells had increased membrane lipid peroxidation, as measured by the fluorescent BODIPY-C11 dye. Moreover, peroxidized lipids were detected at the mitochondrial level, contributing to the impairment of mitochondrial functions as shown by the MTT reduction assay and imaged with confocal microscopy using the fluorescent JC-1 dye.
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Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with hippocampal sclerosis has widespread effects on structural and functional connectivity and often entails cognitive dysfunction. EEG is mandatory to disentangle interactions in epileptic and physiological networks which underlie these cognitive comorbidities. Here, we examined how interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) affect cognitive performance.', 'Thirty-four patients (right TLE=17, left TLE=17) were examined with 24-hour video-EEG and a battery of neuropsychological tests to measure intelligence quotient and separate frontal and temporal lobe functions. Hippocampal segmentation of high-resolution T1-weighted imaging was performed with FreeSurfer. Partial correlations were used to compare the number and distribution of clinical interictal spikes and sharp waves with data from imagery and psychological tests.', 'The number of IEDs was negatively correlated with executive functions, including verbal fluency and intelligence quotient (IQ). Interictal epileptic discharge affected cognitive function in patients with left and right TLE differentially, with verbal fluency strongly related to temporofrontal spiking. In contrast, IEDs had no clear effects on memory functions after corrections with partial correlations for age, age at disease onset, disease duration, and hippocampal volume.
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Low plasma IgG levels have long been reported as an important complication of the nephrotic syndrome. Few studies in vivo have evaluated IgG synthesis in nephrotic patients and no data are available on the effect of dietary protein restriction on the rate of IgG synthesis.', 'We compared the IgG synthesis rates of seven nephrotic patients who assumed, for 4 weeks, either a normal protein diet (NPD) (1.20+/-0.06 g/kg/day) or a low-protein diet (LPD) (0.66+/-0.04 g/kg/day) with those of seven normal subjects (matched for age and body mass index). The post-absorptive fractional synthesis rate (FSR) and absolute synthesis rate (ASR) of IgG were evaluated during the last 120 min of a 5 h 5,5,5-D3-l-leucine infusion.', 'Compared with controls, in nephrotic patients the plasma IgG levels and pool were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while IgG FSR and ASR were increased by 4- and 2.5-fold, respectively (P<0.05). The LPD regimen did not affect plasma IgG FSR, ASR, circulating concentrations and intravascular pool (P = NS). There was a significant negative correlation between plasma IgG FSR and the IgG intravascular pool in nephrotic patients evaluated during both the NPD (r = -0.828; P<0.05) and LPD (r = -0.861; P<0.05) regimens.

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