Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

[Q]: The main objective of the present study was the investigation of possible influence of lens opacification on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measurements.', 'Eighty-six eyes of 64 patients (mean age 73.4 ± 8.3 years) were included in the study. MPOD was prospectively measured using the one-wavelength reflection method (Visucam500, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) before and after cataract extraction, with implantation of a blue-light filtering intraocular lens (AlconSN60WF). The median of the maximum optical density (MaxOD) and the median of the mean optical density (MeanOD) measurements of macular pigment across the subject group were evaluated.', 'Statistically significant differences were noticed between pre-operative and post-operative measurements, the absolute values were generally lower after cataract extraction. The following median (lower/upper quartile) differences across the group were determined: MaxOD -33.8 % (-46.2 to -19.1 %), MeanOD -44.0 % (-54.6 to -26.6 %). Larger changes were observed in elderly patients [<70 years of age (n\u2009=\u200925 eyes): MaxOD -13.4 % (-20.5 to 3.6 %), MeanOD -23.6 % (-30.5 to -15.3 %) versus patients ≥70 years (n\u2009=\u200961 eyes) MaxOD -40.5 % (-53.2 to -30.1 %), MeanOD -47.2 % (-57.8 to -40.1 %)] and in patients with progressed stage of cataract. MaxOD for lens opacification grade 1 (n\u2009=\u20099 eyes): -27.4 % (-42.1 to -19.6 %), grade 2 (n\u2009=\u200926 eyes): -35.0 % (-44.2 to -25.3 %), grade 3 (n\u2009=\u200921 eyes): -34.4 % (-45.4 to -11.4 %), grade 4 (n\u2009=\u200925 eyes): -32.6 % (-53.2 to -6.4 %), and grade 5 (n\u2009=\u20095 eyes): -53.5 % (-61.7 to -38.7 %) and MeanOD for cataract stage 1 (n\u2009=\u20099 eyes): -42.6 % (-46.0 to -26.0 %), stage 2 (n\u2009=\u200926 eyes): -44.1 % (-51.8 to -26.2 %), stage 3 (n\u2009=\u200921 eyes): -45.7 % (-54.7 to -24.7 %), stage 4 (n\u2009=\u200925 eyes): -39.5 % (-59.4 to -26.1 %), and stage 5 (n\u2009=\u20095 eyes): -57.0 % (-66.1 to -51.4 %).
[A]: 1


[Q]: This study was conducted to measure the corneal thickness changes associated with wearing 30-day tisilfocon A (Dk = 163) and 6-day etafilcon A (Dk = 28) contact lenses. The probable cause of the outcomes is discussed.', 'Thirty subjects were fitted with Menicon Z rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses and a control group (n = 30) was fitted with ACUVUE hydrogel lenses, at two study sites. After a 2-week period of daily wear, subjects began prolonged wear. Measurements were performed at the dispensing visit, and then at the 2-week daily wear, the 1-week, 6-month, and 12-month extended- and continuous-wear visits.', 'Repeated measures analysis of covariance was performed on mean corneal thickness. There was a significant increase in corneal thickness in the hydrogel lens extended-wear group compared to the RGP group (P = 0.03). The mean corneal thickness in the ACUVUE group was 2.58% higher at the 2-week daily wear visit, 2.38% higher at the 1-week extended-wear visit, 2.96% higher at the 6-month, and 2.97% higher at the 1-year visit compared to the RGP continuous-wear patients.
[A]: 1


[Q]: Adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea is poor. Risk factors for nonadherence are not well understood but may reflect individual or neighborhood socioeconomic factors. We sought to determine the association of socioeconomic status and initial CPAP adherence.', 'Retrospective cohort study, 2005 to 2006.', 'Philadelphia VA Medical Center.', 'Of 330 consecutive veterans who met study criteria for initiation of CPAP therapy for newly diagnosed sleep apnea, 266 had complete data for study inclusion.', 'N/A.', 'Through a multivariable logistic regression model, using an outcome of objectively measured CPAP use - 4 h daily during the first week of treatment, we tested whether patients from higher socioeconomic neighborhoods had higher CPAP adherence. We measured neighborhood socioeconomic status with an index derived from the 2000 U.S. Census at the block group-level composed of median household income, male and female employment, adult high school completion, married households, and minority composition.', 'CPAP adherence > 4 h occurred on 48.9% of 1,805 patient-days observed for the 266 subjects. After adjustment for individual sociodemographic characteristics and medical comorbidity, the probability of daily CPAP use 4 h ranged from 34.1% (95% CI, 26.4-42.7) for subjects from a low socioeconomic neighborhood (5th percentile) to 62.3% (95% CI, 53.8-70.1) for subjects from a high (95th percentile) neighborhood.
[A]:
1