Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Q: To determine if adolescents with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) demonstrate worse language skills than their siblings with normal hearing (NH).', 'Case-control study of 12-17-year-old adolescents with UHL (20 cases) compared with sibling controls with NH (13 controls).', "Scores on the oral portion of the Oral and Written Language Scales (OWLS) and the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF) were the primary outcome measure. Wechsler's Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence (WASI) scores were also used as an outcome measure.", 'Adolescents with UHL demonstrated worse overall and expressive language scores than controls, (98 vs. 114, P=0.001; 100 vs. 114, P=0.006) and had significantly lower full scale (98 vs. 112, P=0.017), verbal (101 vs. 113, P=0.032), and performance IQ (95 vs. 107, P=0.037).

A: 1
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Q: Three-dimensional (3D) surface matching is a novel method to administer deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) radiation therapy for left-sided breast cancer to reduce cardiac exposure. We analyzed port (x-ray) films to assess patient setup accuracy and treatment times to assess the practical workflow of this system.', 'The data from 50 left-sided breast cancer patients treated with DIBH were studied. AlignRT (London, UK) was used. The distance between the field edge and the anterior pericardial shadow as seen on the routine port films (dPORT), and the corresponding distance seen on the digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) from the planning (dDRR) were compared as a quantitative measure of setup accuracy. Variations of dPORT - dDRR over the treatment course were assessed. In a subset of 21 patients treated with tangential beams alone, the daily treatment durations were analyzed to assess the practical workflow of this system.', 'Considering all 50 patients, the mean absolute systematic uncertainty between dPORT and dDRR was 0.20 cm (range, 0 to 1.22 cm), the mean systematic uncertainty was -0.07 cm (range, -1.22 to 0.67 cm), and their mean random uncertainty was 0.19 cm (range, 0 to 0.84 cm). There was no significant change in dPORT - dDRR during the course of treatment. The mean patient treatment duration for the 21 patients studied was 11 minutes 48 seconds. On intrapatient assessments, 15/21 had nonsignificant trends toward reduced treatment durations during their course of therapy. On interpatient comparisons, the mean treatment times declined as we gained more experience with this technique.

A: 1
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Q: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells express the cell surface antigen CD33 that can function as a downregulator of cell growth, mediating growth arrest and apoptosis. The protein kinase Syk is an essential element in several cascades coupling certain antigen receptors to cell responses. Recently we reported that CD33 recruits Syk for its signaling in AML cell lines. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism(s) of Syk engagement in CD33 signaling in primary AML samples.', 'We investigated 25 primary AML samples for their proliferative response (3H-thymidine incorporation) and biochemical changes (Western blot analysis) to anti-CD33 mAb treatment.', 'Proliferation studies demonstrated that 14 (56%) of AML samples were responsive (R) while 11 (44%) were nonresponsive (n-R) to inhibitory antibody activity. Seven of 25 AML samples (28%) expressed undetectable levels of Syk. However, cells from two of these patients expressed the ZAP-70 protein kinase. In Syk/ZAP-70(+) samples, CD33 ligation inhibited proliferation in 70% of cases, while none of the Syk/ZAP-70(-) samples was responsive. There were significant biochemical differences between responder and nonresponder AML populations. In responder samples, CD33 ligation induced phosphorylation of CD33 andSyk and formation of the CD33/Syk complex. In nonresponder samples, CD33 was not phosphorylated, and Syk was in complex with the SHP-1 protein phosphatase constitutively.

A:
1
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