Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

The stress electrocardiogram (sECG) is routinely used to screen individuals for underlying cardiac pathology before an exercise programme is prescribed. The underlying assumption is that the cardiac responses elicited during the sECG test are similar to those achieved during participation in sporting activities. However, this premise may be incorrect since the physical demands of different modes of exercise vary substantially.', "Ten veteran league squash players (LSP), 10 social squash players (SSP), 10 league runners (LR), 10 social runners (SR) and 10 sedentary individuals (SED) were recruited for the study. All subjects completed a lifestyle questionnaire, a full medical examination and a routine sECG. Thereafter each subject's heart rate (HR) was monitored on two separate occasions while participating in sporting activity.", 'No sECG exercise-induced abnormalities were observed, although five subjects showed resting abnormalities. Maximal HR during the sECG, and maximal and mean HR during the field tests, were not significantly different between groups. However, maximal HR was significantly higher in all groups during their sporting activities than during stress testing in the laboratory (P < 0.01).
Do veteran athletes exercise at higher maximum heart rates than are achieved during standard exercise ( stress ) testing?

Prostasomes are small (40-500 nm), granule-like bodies, found in normal epithelial cells of the prostate and secreted into the prostate duct system. Also poorly differentiated prostate cancer cells are producing prostasomes, since we could isolate and purify prostasomes from vertebral metastases with biochemical methods. To find out whether these prostasomes are secreted into extracellular sites of the metastases, we used electron microscopy.', 'Small biopsies from vertebral metastases of prostate cancer, taken directly from the operating field at surgery, were immediately fixated, embedded in plastic and processed for electron microscopy.', 'We found that prostasomes could be identified extracellularly in the interstitial tissues as well as in the cytoplasm of the metastatic cells.
Are prostasomes secreted from poorly differentiated cells of prostate cancer metastases?

Recurrence and subsequent acquired chemoresistance to platinum-based treatments constitute major hurdles to ovarian carcinoma therapy. Our objective was to examine the involvement of Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic protein in resistance to cisplatin.', 'We described the effect of cisplatin on cell cycle and apoptosis induction in sensitive (IGROV1 and OAW42) and resistant (IGROV1-R10 and SKOV3) ovarian carcinoma cell lines. We correlated it with Bcl-xL mRNA and protein expression after exposure to cisplatin. We then used bcl-xS gene transfer to impede Bcl-xL activity.', 'Our study showed that Bcl-xL basal expression was high in both sensitive and resistant cell lines, as well as in all the studied ovarian tumor samples. Thus, Bcl-xL basal expression could not allow to predict sensitivity. Wondering whether variation of Bcl-xL level in response to cisplatin could be a better determinant of sensitivity, we investigated the expression of this protein in the cell lines after treatment. Cisplatin-induced down-regulation of Bcl-xL was strictly associated with apoptosis and absence of recurrence in vitro. Conversely, the maintenance of Bcl-xL expression in response to cisplatin appeared as a sine qua non condition to escape to treatment. To try to sensitize SKOV3 cells by impeding anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-xL, we transfected bcl-xS gene in these cells. Bcl-xS exogenous expression was only slightly cytotoxic on its own, but highly sensitized SKOV3 resistant cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and delayed recurrence.

Is absence of Bcl-xL down-regulation in response to cisplatin associated with chemoresistance in ovarian carcinoma cells?