Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[Q]: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed Medline and Latin American and Caribbean Health Science literature databases were searched, and searches made by hand of identified papers, to source relevant data. (BIOSIS Previews) were searched. There were no language restrictions.', 'Studies were evaluated by two reviewers independently. Only clinical trials were included that were published in the English, Spanish and Portuguese languages and were performed on humans. Articles were excluded when the examiners were not calibrated; when they did not compare manual and electronic probing techniques; when they did not measure the clinical attachment level (CAL); and when the subjects did not present destructive periodontal disease or had already received periodontal treatment.', 'The quality of the identified studies was assessed and standardised data extracted. Only two studies met all the selection criteria so no meta-analysis was performed.', 'Only two of the 37 identified articles were included in the review. The results of these two studies showed that the mean variance and the absolute mean difference between CAL measurements for the two types of probes were not statistically different.
[A]: Do manual and electronic probes have similar reliability in the measurement of untreated periodontitis?


[Q]: ID4 gene is a member of the inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) family proteins that inhibit DNA binding of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. The epigenetic inactivation of ID4 gene on colorectal cancer (CRC) development and its clinical significance was assessed.', 'In CRC cell lines, ID4 methylation status of the promoter region was assessed by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing. The mRNA expression level was assessed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. The methylation status of 9 normal epithelia, 13 adenomas, 92 primary CRCs, and 26 liver metastases was assessed by methylation-specific PCR. ID4 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry analysis of tissue specimen.', 'CRC cell lines were shown to be hypermethylated, and mRNA expression was suppressed and could be restored by 5-aza-cytidine treatment. In clinical specimens from normal epithelia, adenomas, primary CRCs, and liver metastases, the frequency of ID4 hypermethylation was 0 of 9 (0%), 0 of 13 (0%), 49 of 92 (53%), and 19 of 26 (73%), respectively, with a significant elevation according to CRC pathological progression. Methylation status of primary CRCs significantly correlated with histopathological tumor grade (P = 0.028). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed ID4 expression of normal colon epithelia, adenomas, and unmethylated primary CRCs but not hypermethylated CRC specimens. Among 76 American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I to IV patients who had undergone curative surgical resection, overall survival was significantly poorer in patients with hypermethylated ID4 bearing tumors (P = 0.0066).
[A]: Does epigenetic inactivation of ID4 in colorectal carcinomas correlate with poor differentiation and unfavorable prognosis?


[Q]: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common among patients on chronic dialysis. Despite severe clinical manifestations, the indication for bypass surgery is controversial, because of the high morbidity and mortality rate of these patients. The less invasive percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is a possible alternative, but data about PTA in dialysis patients are scarce.', 'We followed 107 dialysis patients (mean age 67+/-10, 75 males) with 132 ischaemic limbs (97% with critical limb ischaemia and ischaemic foot lesions or rest pain) consecutively treated by PTA.', 'PTA was successful in 97% of cases. Median follow-up was 22 months. Cumulative limb salvage rates at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months were 86, 84, 84 and 62%, respectively. Log-rank test showed an association between major amputation and baseline presence of foot lesions (P=0.04). This association was confirmed by a Cox survival multivariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR)=7.03, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.1-43.0, P=0.035]. Limb salvage without any new intervention on the same leg was achieved in 70% of the cases, and was associated with the absence of diabetes mellitus (P=0.01), lower number of treated lesions (P=0.04) and proximal level (iliac and/or femoro-popliteal) of PTA (P<0.001). Independent predictors were diabetes mellitus (HR=3.47, 95% CI=1.31-9.17, P=0.01) and proximal PTA (HR=0.28, 95% CI=0.08-0.94, P=0.04). Fifty-three (49%) patients died during follow-up. Patients older than 67 years (the median value in our sample) had a 2.4-fold increase in mortality risk (95% CI=1.4-4.1, P<0.001).
[A]:
Is percutaneous transluminal angioplasty feasible and effective in patients on chronic dialysis with severe peripheral artery disease?