In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

He gave the example of a chicken which comes to expect a never-ending source of food as it is fattened up only to one day then be slaughtered in a work which refuted inductive reasoning as a source of absolute certainty. In another of his works, he regards one of the titular activities as a Catholic practice designed to prevent incest, leading to his expulsion from a teaching post. In addition to The Problem of Philosophy and Marriage and Morals, he wrote The Scientific Outlook and delivered the Mans Peril broadcast on BBC. Jean-Paul Sartre attended his tribunal, where he exposed American atrocities in Vietnam, years after his winning the Nobel prize in 1950 for literature. His most famous work developed the theory of types in mathematical logic. For ten points, name this philosopher who wrote Principia Mathematica along with Alfred North Whitehead.
Social Science

He may have suggested Wang Lung use his daughter Diao Chan to bring down a mutual rival, and before the discovery of the Yinqueshan Han Strips, this man's commentaries on The Art of War served as its primary source material. After leading the campaigns against (*) Dong Zhuo, he used emperor Xian to support his wars in the north, which led to victory of Yuan Shao at the Battle of Guandu. Despite drastically outnumbering Sun Quan and Liu Bei, this man lost the Battle of Red Cliffs, dooming his Kingdom of Wei to mismanagement. For 10 points, identify this figure of China's Three Kingdom's period, considered the epitome of ruthless cunning in Chinese history.
History

In one of this author's stories, the preserved corpse of John Torrington, an explorer on the Franklin Expedition, fascinates Jane, whose companion Vincent dies mysteriously. Another of her stories stars character who "felt like a god-damned owl" while searching for someone to help her bury a grain of wheat. In addition to "The Age of Lead" and "The Little Red Hen Tells All", which come from this author's Wilderness Tips and Good Bones respectively, she wrote a novel in which chapters from the point-of-view of soon-to-be-hanged maids are interspersed with a retelling of book 22 of the Odyssey by the titular character. This author of The Penelopiad wrote a novel which features two chapters called "The Toxique" and stars Tony, Charis, and Roz, whose boyfriends were all once stolen by the mysterious Zenia. For 10 points, name this author of The Robber Bride who wrote about Iris and Laura Chase in The Blind Assassin and also penned Oryx & Crake and The Handmaid's Tale.

Literature