TASK DEFINITION: In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.
PROBLEM: In 2007, this city began a controversial underground rail project called the Crossrail. In 2009, its mayor, Boris Johnson, saved a woman from a mugging while biking to work. In 2005, this city was rocked by a series of coordinated terrorist attacks on July 7. This city is in the process of constructing an Aquatics Centre, a Velopark (VELL-oh-park), and a Handball Arena as it is hosting the 2012 Summer Olympics. For 10 points, name this capital of the United Kingdom.

SOLUTION: Fine Arts

PROBLEM: This work is thought to have been commissioned to replace a lost work on a similar topic by Lorenzo Di Medici. Some of the flora depicted in this work include cattails in the lower left corner and pink flowers falling down next to the central figure. (*) Horae waits behind the title figure and throws a pink cloth over her, while another figure, Zephyr, blows wind behind her to propel her towards shore. For 10 points, identify this work in which the title goddess stands upon a shell in the ocean, a painting by Sandro Botticelli.

SOLUTION: Fine Arts

PROBLEM: One result of this effect was explained by the creation of quasiparticles in a quantum fluid by Laughlin, and Dyakonov and Perel predicted a version of it dependent on spin. It can be used to find hole density in a semiconductor, and von Klitzing showed that under certain situations this effect is quantized. This effect distinguishes between a negative current and a positive current flowing in the opposite direction, and it creates a Lorentz force, resulting in the deflection of charge carriers by a magnetic field. For 10 points, name this effect in which a potential difference is created across a conductor by a perpendicular magnetic field.

SOLUTION:
Science