instruction:
In this task, you are given text for US Congressional and California state bills, your task is to generate a summary for this bill.
question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Native American Education 
Opportunity Act''.

SEC. 2. NATIVE AMERICAN EDUCATION OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--Part B of title XI of the Education Amendments of 
1978 (25 U.S.C. 2000 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating section 1141 as section 1142; and
            (2) by inserting after section 1140 the following:

``SEC. 1141. BUREAU FUNDING OF TRIBAL-BASED EDUCATION SAVINGS ACCOUNT 
              PROGRAMS.

    ``(a) Program Authorized.--
            ``(1) Bureau disbursements.--At the request of Tribes, the 
        Secretary of the Interior shall, for the 2018-2019 school year 
        and each subsequent school year, disburse not more than 90 
        percent of the amounts made available under sections 1127 and 
        1130 for the school year to such Tribes that administer 
        education savings account programs to enable the Tribes to 
        award grants to education savings accounts for ESA eligible 
        students for such school year, in accordance with subsection 
        (b).
            ``(2) Applicability.--This section shall apply with respect 
        to ESA eligible students who have submitted their application 
        for participation under this section to the Tribe of which the 
        student is an enrolled member on or after January 1, 2018.
            ``(3) Account administration.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A Tribe may enter into an 
                agreement with a nonprofit entity for the 
                administration of the accounts created through the 
                Tribe's education savings account program.
                    ``(B) Nonprofit entity defined.--In this paragraph, 
                the term `nonprofit entity' means an entity that is 
                described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue 
                Code of 1986 and is exempt from taxation under section 
                501(a) of such Code.
            ``(4) Use of funds.--Funds disbursed to a Tribe under this 
        section may be used for--
                    ``(A) private school tuition and fees;
                    ``(B) textbooks, curriculum, and instructional 
                materials;
                    ``(C) academic, Native language, or cultural 
                tutoring;
                    ``(D) educational services and therapies for 
                students with special needs;
                    ``(E) tuition and fees for a non-public online 
                learning program;
                    ``(F) educational technology;
                    ``(G) examination fees; or
                    ``(H) transportation to and from a school not to 
                exceed $2,000 per year, per ESA eligible student.
    ``(b) Disbursements.--
            ``(1) Amount.--The amount disbursed by the Secretary of the 
        Interior under subsection (a) to a Tribe shall be, with respect 
        to each ESA eligible student for which the Tribe awards a grant 
        under this section for a school year, the lesser of--
                    ``(A) the amount of the grant provided by the Tribe 
                to the education savings account of the ESA eligible 
                student for the applicable school year; and
                    ``(B) 90 percent of the amount that the Secretary 
                would provide to a Bureau-funded school on behalf of 
                such student for the applicable school year under 
                sections 1127 and 1130.
            ``(2) Quarterly disbursements.--A Tribe that receives a 
        disbursement amount under subsection (a) shall make quarterly 
        grant distributions of such amount to education savings 
        accounts for ESA eligible students.
            ``(3) Limitation.--A Tribe shall allocate not more than 15 
        percent of the amount received per pupil under this section to 
        the administration of the education savings account programs of 
        the Tribe.
            ``(4) Roll over and remaining funds in an account.--Not 
        more than 50 percent of an ESA eligible student's total grant 
        amount for a school year made under this section may roll over 
        for use to the following school year.
    ``(c) Effect on Allotments.--For purposes of any calculation 
regarding the total number of eligible Indian students under section 
1127, the Secretary shall include all ESA eligible students who 
participate in an education savings account program under this section.
    ``(d) Rule of Construction.--A grant awarded to an ESA eligible 
student under this section shall be considered assistance to the 
student and shall not be considered assistance to a school that enrolls 
the ESA eligible student or any other educational service provider from 
which the ESA eligible student receives services.
    ``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) ESA eligible student.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The term `ESA eligible student' 
                means an individual who--
                            ``(i) is--
                                    ``(I) an elementary school or 
                                secondary school student who attended a 
                                Bureau-funded school in the semester 
                                preceding the date on which the student 
                                first applies for participation in an 
                                education savings account program; or
                                    ``(II) a child who will be eligible 
                                to attend a Bureau-funded school for 
                                kindergarten or any other elementary 
                                school grade in the next semester that 
                                will start after the date on which the 
                                student first applies for participation 
                                in an education savings account 
                                program;
                            ``(ii) will not be attending a Bureau-
                        funded school, receiving an education savings 
                        account from another Tribe, or attending a 
                        public elementary school or secondary school, 
                        while the student is participating in an 
                        education savings account program of a Tribe; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) meets any eligibility requirements 
                        of the education savings account program of the 
                        Tribe in which the student applies to 
                        participate.
                    ``(B) Period of eligibility.--A student who meets 
                the requirements of clauses (i) and (iii) of 
                subparagraph (A) for a school year and who was an 
                enrolled member of the Tribe to which the student 
                submitted an application for participation in the 
                education savings account program of the Tribe at the 
                time of submitting the application to the Tribe shall 
                be deemed to meet the requirements of such clauses 
                until the date on which the student graduates high 
                school or reaches the age of 21 years, whichever occurs 
                first.
            ``(2) Education savings account program.--The term 
        `education savings account program' means a program 
        administered by a Tribe in which the Tribe awards a grant to an 
        account controlled by a parent of an elementary school or 
        secondary school student from which the parent may purchase 
        goods and services needed for the education of the student.
            ``(3) Parent.--The term `parent' means a parent, guardian, 
        custodian, or other person with the authority to act on behalf 
        of an ESA eligible student.
            ``(4) Tribe.--The term `Tribe' means any recognized Indian 
        tribe included on the current list published by the Secretary 
        of the Interior under section 104 of the Federally Recognized 
        Indian Tribe Act of 1994 (25 U.S.C. 5131).''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 1126(c) of the Education 
Amendments of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 2006(c)) is amended by striking ``section 
1141(12)'' and inserting ``section 1142(12)''.
    (c) GAO Study.--Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall--
            (1) conduct a review of the implementation of the 
        amendments made by this Act during the preceding 3-year period, 
        including any factors impacting increased participation in 
        education savings account programs established pursuant to the 
        amendments made by this Act;
            (2) submit a report describing the results of the review 
        under paragraph (1) to--
                    (A) the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate; 
                and
                    (B) the Subcommittee on Indian, Insular and Alaska 
                Native Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources of 
                the House of Representatives; and
            (3) publish the report under paragraph (2).
answer:
Native American Education Opportunity Act This bill amends the Education Amendments of 1978 to require the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), at the request of a federally recognized Indian tribe, to &nbsp;provide funds for tribal education savings account programs to make grants to education savings accounts for students who: (1)&nbsp;attended or will be eligible to attend a BIA-funded school; (2) will not be attending a BIA-funded school, receiving an education savings account from another tribe, or attending public elementary or secondary school while participating in the program; and (3) meet program eligibility requirements. Funds may be used for:   private school tuition and fees;  textbooks, curriculum, and instructional materials;  academic, Native language, or cultural tutoring;  educational services and therapies for students with special needs;  tuition and fees for a private online learning program;  educational technology;  examination fees; or  transportation to and from school.   Three years after this bill's enactment, the Government Accountability Office must review the implementation of the bill, including any factors impacting increased participation in education savings account programs.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Safe and Reliable Air Travel Act of 
2013''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds the following:
            (1) Sequestration is having a devastating effect on the 
        Nation's air traffic control system.
            (2) Sequestration imposes a reduction in funding of $637 
        million on the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for the 
        remainder of fiscal year 2013.
            (3) The FAA plans to furlough the vast majority of the 
        FAA's nearly 47,000 employees, including nearly 15,000 air 
        traffic controllers, for approximately one day during each two-
        week pay period in order to comply with sequestration.
            (4) The furloughs began on Sunday, April 21, 2013, and are 
        scheduled to continue through the end of the fiscal year on 
        September 30, 2013. Approximately 10 percent of the FAA's air 
        traffic controllers are expected to be on furlough on any given 
        day during this period.
            (5) The furloughs are causing hundreds of flights to be 
        delayed, resulting in scheduling difficulties for airlines and 
        inconveniences for passengers.
            (6) The FAA reported that approximately 400 flights were 
        delayed nationwide on April 21, 2013, as a result of the 
        furloughs.
            (7) The FAA reported that more than 1,200 flights were 
        delayed nationwide on April 22, 2013, as a result of the 
        furloughs.
            (8) More delays are expected in the coming months during 
        the peak summer travel season.
            (9) The effects of multiple flight delays at airports 
        across the Nation can be compounded as delays at one airport 
        cause planes to arrive late at other airports and also cause 
        passengers to miss connecting flights.
            (10) Air carriers operating in United States air space 
        transport more than 700 million passengers every year.
            (11) Civil aviation accounts for 10 million jobs, is 
        responsible for more than 5 percent of the United States gross 
        domestic product, and contributes $1.3 trillion to the economy 
        every year.
            (12) Businesses of all sizes depend upon a reliable 
        commercial air transportation system. Business travelers 
        account for millions of trips each month.
            (13) Flight delays for business travelers interfere with 
        business plans and result in business meetings being delayed, 
        cancelled, or missed.
            (14) Flight delays affecting the transportation of air 
        cargo also interfere with business.
            (15) The Nation's economy depends upon a reliable 
        commercial air transportation system.
            (16) The FAA also plans to close 149 air traffic control 
        towers at small airports across the Nation on June 15, 2013, in 
        order to comply with sequestration. Despite their size, these 
        airports are an important part of the Nation's air 
        transportation system and economy.
            (17) Air traffic control is a critical government function 
        that is necessary to ensure the safety of air travel and the 
        flying public.
            (18) Inadequate staffing of airport control towers poses a 
        serious threat to public safety.
            (19) Without the service of experienced air traffic 
        controllers in all of the Nation's Federal air traffic control 
        towers, there is an increased risk of accidents involving 
        planes during departure, flight, and landing. Such accidents 
        could result in a tragic loss of life.
            (20) The sequestration of funds associated with the 
        operation of air traffic control towers by the FAA interferes 
        with the safety, reliability, and efficiency of the Nation's 
        air transportation system.
            (21) The operation of air traffic control towers by the 
        FAA, including the compensation paid to air traffic control 
        personnel employed by the FAA, should be exempted from 
        sequestration.

SEC. 3. EXEMPTION FROM SEQUESTRATION FOR OPERATION OF AIR TRAFFIC 
              CONTROL TOWERS.

    (a) In General.--Section 255 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency 
Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 905) is amended by adding at the 
end the following new subsection:
    ``(k) Operation of Air Traffic Control Towers.--The following funds 
shall be exempt from reduction under any order issued under this part:
            ``(1) Funds made available for the operation of air traffic 
        control towers by the Federal Aviation Administration, 
        including compensation paid to air traffic control personnel 
        employed by the Federal Aviation Administration.
            ``(2) Funds made available for the operation of contract 
        air traffic control towers under section 47124 of title 49, 
        United States Code.''.
    (b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by section 1 shall apply to 
the Presidential sequestration order for fiscal year 2013 issued under 
section 251A of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act 
of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901a) and any subsequent sequestration order issued 
under that Act.
answer:
Safe and Reliable Air Travel Act of 2013 - Amends the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act) to exempt from reduction, under any sequestration ordered by the President, funds made available for the operation of: (1) air traffic control towers by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), including compensation paid to FAA air traffic control personnel; and (2) contract air traffic control towers.


question:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Great Ape Protection Act''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

    (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
            (1) Advances in scientific knowledge reveal that our 
        nearest living relatives, great apes (including chimpanzees, 
        bonobos, gorillas, orangutans and gibbons), bear an exceedingly 
        close genetic relationship to humans.
            (2) Great apes are highly intelligent and social animals 
        and research laboratory environments involving invasive 
        research cannot meet their complex social and psychological 
        needs.
            (3) Confinement of great apes for purposes of invasive 
        research causes these intelligent and sentient animals to 
        experience harmful stress and suffering, such as profound 
        depression and withdrawal, self mutilation that can result in 
        physical wounding, hair pulling, rocking, and other traumatized 
        or psychotic behaviors.
            (4) Invasive research performed on great apes, and the 
        breeding of great apes for these purposes, are economic in 
        nature and substantially affect interstate commerce.
            (5) The majority of invasive research and testing conducted 
        on great apes in the United States is for the end purpose of 
        developing drugs, pharmaceuticals, and other products to be 
        sold in the interstate market.
            (6) The total costs associated with great ape research have 
        a direct economic impact on interstate commerce.
            (7) Care in a research laboratory for a single great ape 
        over the lifespan of the great ape of more than 50 years can 
        cost between $300,000 and $500,000, compared to an approximate 
        cost of $275,000 for high quality care in a sanctuary.
            (8) An overwhelming majority of invasive research 
        procedures performed on great apes involve some element of 
        interstate commerce, such that great apes, equipment, and 
        researchers have traveled across state lines.
            (9) The regulation of animals and activities as provided in 
        this Act are necessary to effectively regulate interstate and 
        foreign commerce.
            (10) Australia, Austria, Japan, the Netherlands, New 
        Zealand, Sweden, and the United Kingdom have banned or severely 
        limited experiments on great apes and several other countries 
        and the European Union are considering similar bans as well.
            (11) The National Research Council (NRC) report entitled 
        ``Chimpanzees in Research and Strategies for their Ethical 
        Care, Management, and Use,'' concluded that--
                    (A) there is a ``moral responsibility'' for the 
                long-term care of chimpanzees used for scientific 
                research;
                    (B) there should be a moratorium on further 
                chimpanzee breeding;
                    (C) euthanasia as a means of general chimpanzee 
                population control is unacceptable; and
                    (D) sanctuaries should be created to house 
                chimpanzees in a manner consistent with high standards 
                of lifetime care, social enrichment, and cognitive 
                development.
            (12) In December 2000, the Chimpanzee Health Improvement, 
        Maintenance, and Protection (CHIMP) Act was signed into law, 
        requiring the Federal Government to provide for permanent 
        ``retirement'' of chimpanzees who are identified ``as no longer 
        being needed in research''.
            (13) In May 2007, the National Institutes of Health's 
        National Center for Research Resources' (NCRR) decided to 
        permanently end funding for the breeding of Government-owned 
        chimpanzees for research.
    (b) Purposes.--The purpose of this Act is to--
            (1) prohibit invasive research and the funding of such 
        research both within and outside of the United States on great 
        apes;
            (2) prohibit the transport of great apes for purposes of 
        invasive research;
            (3) prohibit the breeding of great apes for purposes of 
        invasive research; and
            (4) require the permanent retirement of federally owned 
        great apes.

SEC. 3. PROHIBITIONS.

    (a) Invasive Research Prohibition.--No person shall conduct 
invasive research on a great ape.
    (b) Federal Funding Prohibition.--No Federal funds may be used to 
conduct invasive research on a great ape.
    (c) Transport Prohibition.--No person shall knowingly import, 
export, transport, move, deliver, receive, possess, rent, loan, 
purchase, or sell a great ape for the purpose of conducting invasive 
research on such great ape.
    (d) Breeding Prohibition.--No person shall breed a great ape for 
use in invasive research.
    (e) Exemption.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to limit or 
prevent individualized medical care performed on a great ape by a 
licensed veterinarian for the benefit of the great ape.

SEC. 4. RETIREMENT.

    (a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), the Secretary of Health 
and Human Services shall provide for the permanent retirement of all 
great apes owned or under the control of the Federal Government that 
have been used for invasive research.
    (b) Exception.--The Secretary of Health and Human Services may 
provide for the euthanizing of a great ape owned or under the control 
of the Federal Government that has been used for invasive research if 
euthanasia is in the best interests of such great ape, as determined by 
an attending veterinarian and endorsed by a second, unaffiliated 
veterinarian.

SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act:
     (a) Great Ape.--The term ``great ape'' includes a chimpanzee, 
gorilla, bonobo, orangutan, or gibbon.
    (b) Invasive Research.--The term ``invasive research''--
            (1) means any experimental research that may cause death, 
        bodily injury, pain, distress, fear, injury, or trauma to a 
        great ape, including--
                    (A) the testing of any drug or intentional exposure 
                to a substance that may be detrimental to the health of 
                a great ape;
                    (B) research that involves penetrating or cutting 
                the body or removing body parts, restraining, 
                tranquilizing, or anesthetizing a great ape; or
                    (C) isolation, social deprivation, or other 
                experimental physical manipulations that may be 
                detrimental to the health or psychological well-being 
                of a great ape; and
            (2) does not include--
                    (A) close observation of natural or voluntary 
                behavior of a great ape, provided that the research 
                does not require removal of the great ape from the 
                social group or environment of such great ape or 
                require an anesthetic or sedation event to collect data 
                or record observations; or
                    (B) post-mortem examination of a great ape 
                following the natural death of such great ape.
    (c) Permanent Retirement.--The term ``permanent retirement''--
            (1) means that a great ape is placed in a suitable 
        sanctuary that will provide for the lifetime care of the great 
        ape and such great ape will not be used in further invasive 
        research; and
            (2) does not include euthanasia.
    (d) Person.--The term ``person'' means--
            (1) an individual, corporation, partnership, trust, 
        association, or any other private entity,
            (2) any officer, employee, agent, department, or 
        instrumentality of the Federal Government, a State, 
        municipality, or political subdivision of a State; or
            (3) any other entity subject to the jurisdiction of the 
        United States.
    (e) Suitable Sanctuary.--The term ``suitable sanctuary'' means--
            (1) the system referred to in section 481C(a) of the Public 
        Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 287a-3a(a)); or
            (2) a comparable privately funded sanctuary approved by the 
        Secretary of Health and Human Services.

SEC. 6. EFFECTIVE DATE.

    This Act shall take effect on the date that is 3 years after the 
date of the enactment of this Act.
answer:

Great Ape Protection Act - Prohibits: (1) persons from conducting invasive research on great apes; (2) federal funds from being used to conduct such research; (3) persons from knowingly importing, exporting, transporting, moving, delivering, receiving, possessing, renting, loaning, purchasing, or selling great apes for such research; and (4) persons from breeding great apes for use in such research.

Declares that this Act does not limit or prevent individualized medical care performed on great apes by licensed veterinarians for the benefit of the great apes.

Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to provide for the permanent retirement of all great apes that are owned or under the control of the federal government and that have been used for invasive research. Authorizes the Secretary to provide for the euthanizing of such apes if it is in their best interest as determined by an attending veterinarian and endorsed by a second, unaffiliated veterinarian.

Defines "invasive research" to mean experimental research that may cause death, bodily injury, pain, distress, fear, injury, or trauma to great apes. Excludes: (1) close observation of natural or voluntary behavior, provided that it does not require the removal of apes from their social group or environment or require an anesthetic or sedation event to collect data or record observations; or (2) post-mortem examinations of great apes following their natural death.