Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

Example Input: Parasympathetic dysfunction is an independent risk factor for mortality in heart failure for which there is no specific pharmacologic treatment. This article aims to determine the effect of pyridostigmine, an anticholinesterase agent, on the integrated physiologic responses to dynamic exercise in heart failure.', 'Patients with chronic heart failure (n = 23; 9 female; age = 48 +/- 12 years) were submitted to 3 maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests on treadmill in different days. The first test was used for adaptation and to determine exercise tolerance. The other tests were performed after oral administration of pyridostigmine (45 mg, 3 times/day, for 24 hours) or placebo, in random order. All patients were taking their usual medication. Pyridostigmine reduced cholinesterase activity by 30%, inhibited the chronotropic response throughout exercise, up to 60% of maximal effort (pyridostigmine = 108 +/- 3 beats/min vs. placebo = 113 +/- 3 beats/min; P = .040), and improved heart rate reserve (pyridostigmine = 73 +/- 5 beats/min vs. placebo = 69 +/- 5 beats/min; P = 0.035) and heart rate recovery in the first minute after exercise (pyridostigmine = 25 +/- 2 beats/min vs. placebo = 22 +/- 2 beats/min; P = .005), whereas peak heart rate was similar to placebo. Oxygen pulse, an indirect indicator of stroke volume, was higher under pyridostigmine during submaximal exercise.
Example Output: 0

Example Input: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic cancer (PCa) are characterized by intrapancreatic neuropathic alterations, including increased neural density and hypertrophy, pancreatic neuritis and neural invasion (NI) by cancer cells in PCa. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of these neuropathic changes on the quality of pancreatic innervation, intrapancreatic glia, and visceral pain.', 'Pancreatic nerve fiber qualities were characterized by immunohistochemical visualization of various markers, including those for sympathetic (tyrosine hydroxylase, TH) and cholinergic innervation (choline acetyltransferase, ChAT), as well as the glial transcription factor, Sox10, and the neuroepithelial progenitor cell marker, Nestin, in normal pancreas (NP, n=16), CP (n=20), and PCa (n=20) patients. The neural immunoreactivity scores of these markers were correlated with the severity of intrapancreatic neuropathic changes and with abdominal pain sensation of patients.', 'Pancreatic sympathetic innervation was significantly reduced in CP and PCa, whereas parasympathetic innervation did not show major changes. Nestin neuro-immunoreactivity was stronger, and Sox10-immunoreactivity was weaker in CP and PCa than in NP. Pancreatic sympathetic and cholinergic innervation was noticeably decreased in patients with severe pancreatic neuritis, NI by cancer cells, or abdominal pain. Moreover, the neural immunoreactivity for Sox10 and Nestin also varied with intrapancreatic neuropathic alterations and abdominal pain.
Example Output: 1

Example Input: Fentanyl reduces the amount of propofol necessary to prevent responses to surgical stimuli. However, opioids have relatively little effect on consciousness. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that fentanyl minimally alters the effect-site concentration of propofol associated with awakening. Fifty women having gynecologic laparotomy with propofol anesthesia were randomly allocated into the following target effect-site fentanyl concentrations: 0.8, 1.0, 1.4, 2.0, and 3.0 ng/mL. Fentanyl was continued at the designated rate through the initial postoperative phase. The propofol effect-site concentration associated with eye opening in response to verbal command was regarded as the awakening concentration. The estimated propofol effect-site concentrations at awakening did not differ significantly among the groups and were 1.9 +/- 0.5 micro g/mL with a fentanyl effect-site concentration of 0.8 ng/mL; 1.6 +/- 0.4 micro g/mL with 1.0 ng/mL of fentanyl; 1.6 +/- 0.2 micro g/mL with 1.4 ng/mL of fentanyl; 1.7 +/- 0.4 micro g/mL with 2.0 ng/mL of fentanyl; and 1.6 +/- 0.34 micro g/mL with 3.0 ng/mL of fentanyl (mean +/- SD). Seventy percent of the subjects in the 0.8 ng/mL fentanyl group spontaneously complained of pain, whereas none of the patients in the 2 or 3 ng/mL groups did. Five (56%) of 9 women in the 3 ng/mL group had a postoperative respiratory rate <6 breaths/min. Heart rate in one of these women decreased to <40 bpm. These data suggest that the optimal fentanyl effect-site concentration in patients recovering from gynecologic laparoscopy is between 1.4 and 2.0 ng/mL.
Example Output:
0