This task involves creating questions from a given passage that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning). 
The generated questions must require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. Try to use a variety of reasoning types in your questions (some of the sample reasoning types are illustrated in the 'positive examples' field) and also have a variety of answer types (spans, numbers, dates). A span is a continuous phrase taken directly from the passage or question. In such questions, the answer spans are recommended to be five words. Questions with answer type "number", are expected to start with "How many". For instance, "How long did an event last?" can be phrased as "How many years did an event last?". To increase diversity, try to create more questions for which the answer will be multiple spans. Please create questions that require AT LEAST 2 arithmetic operations as illustrated in the 'positive examples' field. You are encouraged to try DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS of operations and not just limit to the combinations shown in those examples. The more challenging questions you create, the better it is.

Ex Input:
Passage: In order to regain control of the custom duties, the emperor John VI Kantakouzenos made preparations to lower Constantinople's duties and most tariffs to undercut the Genoese in Galata. Still recovering from the civil war of 1341-1347, the emperor, with great difficulty, raised 50,000 hyperpyra from private sources  for a shipbuilding program for the expected war to come. When the tariffs and custom duties were finally lowered, merchant shipping coming through the strait bypassed Genoese Galata and diverted their ships across the Golden Horn to Byzantine Constantinople. The Genoese, financially hard-hit from this policy, declared war on the Empire, and in August 1348, a flotilla of ships sailed across the Horn and attacked the Byzantine fleet; despite their large scale preparations, the Byzantine fleet was destroyed by early 1349. The Byzantines retaliated by burning wharves and warehouses along the shore and catapulted stones and burning bales of hay into Galata, setting major parts of the city on fire. After several weeks of fighting, plenipotentiaries from Genoa came and negotiated a peace agreement. The Genoese agreed to pay a war indemnity of 100,000 hyperpyra and evacuated the land behind Galata which they illegally occupied; last, they promised never to attack Constantinople. In return the Byzantines surrendered nothing, but the Genoese custom duties remained in effect.

Ex Output:
Approximately how many years did it take for the Byzantine fleet to be destroyed after August 1348?


Ex Input:
Passage: As of the census of 2000, 750,097 people, 286,098 households, and 197,693 families resided in the county.  The population density was 1,553 people per square mile (599/km²). The 297,434 housing units averaged 238 units/km² (616 units/sq mi).  The Race (United States Census) of the county was 86.46% White, 7.46% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 4.02% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.75% from other races, and 1.16% from two or more races.  About 2.04% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, 17.5% were of German people, 16.7% Irish people, 14.3% Italian people, 6.5% English people, and 5.0% Polish people ancestry according to 2000 United States Census. Around 90.5% spoke English language, 2.0% Spanish language, 1.1% korean language, and 1.0% Italian language as their first language.  Historically, much of western Montgomery County is part of the Pennsylvania Dutch Country, with a great many descendants of German language-speaking settlers from the 18th century.

Ex Output:
Did more people have Italian or Polish ancestry?


Ex Input:
Passage: The Patriots first loss of the season came in Cincinnati, as the Patriots struggled to gain any offense against a great Bengals defense. Tom Brady's consecutive games with a TD pass streak ended at 52, two games short of Drew Brees' record, against the same team which he had started the streak in 2010. From start to finish the Bengals defensive line led by Geno Atkins made mince meat of the Patriots offensive line. Brady was hit and sacked early and often on the day. Both teams' defenses played extremely well in the game The first quarter was tough, physically demanding, and scoreless with both teams' first two drives ending in punts. Andy Dalton drove the Bengals to the Patriots' 9-yard line, but was intercepted by Brandon Spikes. The scoring started in the second quarter. After a Bengals punt, two completions and a 15-yard penalty moved the ball to the Bengals 32 yard-line. However, Blount fumbled late in the 2nd quarter after being tackled by Carlos Dunlap with Reggie Nelson recovering at the Cincinnati 30. Dalton sustained a short, 49-yard drive that ended in a 39-yard field-goal by Mike Nugent. The big play was an 18-yard catch by A. J. Green on 3rd-and-5. The Patriots punted on their next possession, but forced a three-and-out on their next drive. Brady led the Patriots to the Bengals 24-yard line and Stephen Gostowski kicked a 42-yard field goal with 13 seconds remaining in the first half to tie the game at 3-3. Cincinnati scored on their second drive of the second half. Marching down the field on a 13-play, 59-yard drive, eating 6:17 off the clock, that culminated in a 50-yard field goal by Nugent. On their first possession of the fourth quarter, the Bengals scored the only touchdown of the day, with a 14-play, 93-yard drive, taking 7:48 off the clock, scoring on a 1-yard touchdown run by BenJarvus Green-Ellis on 4th-and-goal, extending the lead to 13-3. Giovani Bernard had a 28-yard run on 3rd-and-15, to the Bengals 30 on the drive. On their next drive, the Patriots, aided by a 53-yard completion to Dobson, though Dobson momentarily fumbled, drove all the way to the Bengals 1-yard line, but Blount was stuffed for no gain on 1st-down and two straight incompletions for the Patriots to settle for a 19-yard field goal by Gostkowski, trimming the deficit to 13-6. On the Bengals next drive, McCourty forced Bernard to fumble with Mayo recovering at the Bengals 46. On the drive, Brady launched a deep pass to Dobson, who caught it momentarily, but it was punched out by Terrence Newman. After an incomplete pass intended for Amendola, Brady was sacked by Wallace Gilberry and the Patriots punted. After a Bengals three-and-out, the Patriots drove to the Cincinnati 27 yard line before throwing a final fade intended for Dobson, but the ball was under-thrown and intercepted by Pacman Jones with 0:17 seconds remaining, and the Patriots lost for the first time of the season. Brady completed just 18 of 38 passes for 197 yards and 4 sacks. Danny Amendola had 4 catches for 55 yards in his first game since the season-opener due to a knee injury. The Bengals out-gained the Patriots 348-241, had more first downs 21-15, led in time of possession 35:44-24:16. Both teams had two turnovers apiece.

Ex Output:

How many more first downs did the Bengals have compared to the Patriots?