TASK DEFINITION: Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.
PROBLEM: Is weight-training exercise intervention harmful to women with or at risk of breast cancer-related lymphoedema?', 'Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised trials.', 'Women with or at risk of breast cancer-related lymphoedema.', 'Progressive weight-training exercise.', 'The primary outcomes were severity (volume difference) and incidence of arm lymphoedema. Secondary outcomes included muscle strength of the upper and lower limbs, quality of life and body mass index.', 'Eleven studies from eight trials involving 1091 women were included. Weight-training exercise of low to moderate intensity with relatively slow progression significantly improved the upper limb strength (SMD 0.93, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.12) and lower limb strength (SMD 0.75, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.04) without increasing the arm volume (SMD -0.09, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.05) or incidence of breast cancer-related lymphoedema (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.15). No significant effects were noted for body mass index (SMD -0.10, 95% -0.31 to 0.11). Some aspects of quality of life may improve with weight training. PARTICIPANTS in all trials used pressure garments and received supervision; no trials used high-intensity weight training.

SOLUTION: Is weight training harmful for women with breast cancer-related lymphoedema : a systematic review?

PROBLEM: Cognitive changes after ischemic stroke are often overlooked, particularly acutely and in patients with mild or transient deficits. We assessed patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA)/minor stroke with serial cognitive screening tests. We tested the hypothesis that mild acute deficits are transient and improve after TIA/minor stroke.', 'Patients with acute TIA/minor ischemic stroke, without a history of cognitive impairment, presenting with a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score ≤3 were assessed <72 hours of onset. Patients were administered the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at days 1, 7, 30, and 90. Cognitive impairment was defined as MoCA <26 and MMSE ≤26.', 'One hundred patients with a median (interquartile range) National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score of 1 (2) and median age of 68 (20) years were included. Baseline median MoCA score (26 [4]) was lower than the MMSE (29 [2]; P<0.0001). Cognitive impairment was detected in 54 of 100 patients (54%) with MoCA and 16 of 100 (16%; P=0.001) with MMSE. MoCA scores improved at day 7 (27 [5]), day 30 (28 [2]), and day 90 (28 [2]; P<0.0001). Resolution of cognitive deficits was because of resolution of recall deficits.

SOLUTION: Do serial montreal cognitive assessments demonstrate reversible cognitive impairment in patients with acute transient ischemic attack and minor stroke?

PROBLEM: High arginase-1 (Arg) expression by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) is known to inhibit antitumor T-cell responses through depletion of l-arginine. We have previously shown that nitric oxide (NO), an immune mediator produced from l-arginine, is a potent radiosensitizer of hypoxic tumor cells. This study therefore examines whether Arg(+) overexpressing MDSC may confer radioresistance through depleting the substrate for NO synthesis.', 'MDSC and Arg expression were studied in preclinical mouse CT26 and 4T1 tumor models and further validated in rectal cancer patients in comparison with healthy donors. The radioprotective effect of MDSC was analyzed in hypoxic tumor cells with regard to l-arginine depletion.', 'In both mouse tumors and cancer patients, MDSC expansion was associated with Arg activation causing accelerated l-arginine consumption. l-Arginine depletion in turn profoundly suppressed the capacity of classically activated macrophages to synthesize NO resulting in impaired tumor cell radiosensitivity. In advanced cT3-4 rectal cancer, circulating neutrophils revealed Arg overexpression approaching that in MDSC, therefore mounting a protumor compartment wherein Arg(+) neutrophils increased from 17% to over 90%.

SOLUTION:
Do myeloid-derived suppressor cells reveal radioprotective properties through arginase-induced l-arginine depletion?