TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you will be shown a prompt from a judicial decision and multiple holding statements derived from citations following text in a legal decision.  Holdings represent the governing legal rule when the law is applied to a particular set of facts. There are five answer choices for each citing text. The correct answer is the holding statement that corresponds to the citing text. You should write an incorrect option. Even though there exist multiple wrong answers, we only need a single wrong answer. There is a <HOLDING> token in the position of the citing text prompt where the holding statement was extracted.
PROBLEM: of finality which is essential to the operation of our criminal justice system.” Sawyer v. Smith, 497 U.S. 227, 242, 110 S.Ct. 2822, 111 L.Ed.2d 193 (1990). Petitioner claims that Apprendi falls within the narrow scope of the second category of exceptions and is therefore applicable to his case retroactively. The Second Circuit has not yet addressed the question of whether Apprendi should be considered a “watershed rule,” falling within the Teague exceptions. However, every Circuit Court which has considered this question has held that Apprendi should not be applied retroactively on collateral review. United States v. Sanders, 247 F.3d 139, 146 (4th Cir.2001); Jones v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1227, 1236 (9th Cir.2001); see, e.g., Abdullah v. United States, 240 F.3d 683, 687 (8th Cir.2001)(<HOLDING>); Browning v. United States, 241 F.3d 1262, 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that petitioner was barred from bringing apprendi claim on second or successive motion to vacate because supreme court had not made apprendi retroactive to cases on collateral review (B) holding apprendi is not retroactive (C) holding that apprendi does not apply on collateral review (D) holding that until the supreme court rules otherwise apprendi is not a new rule of constitutional law made retroactive to cases on collateral review  that was previously unavailable (E) holding that the apprendi decision is not applicable on collateral review

SOLUTION: holding apprendi is not retroactive

PROBLEM: Chief Judge: The appellant, Craig G. Falk, appeals from a July 8, 1996, Board of Veterans’ Appeals (BVA or Board) decision denying his claim service connection for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As the appellant has limited his appeal to the denial of that claim, the Court deems the appellant to have abandoned his right to appeal with respect to the denial of entitlement to benefits under 38 U.S.C. § 1151. Bucklinger v. Brown, 5 Vet.App. 435, 436 (1993); see also Carbino v. West, 168 F.3d 32, 34-35 (Fed.Cir.1999) (<HOLDING>). Upon consideration of the pleadings of the 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that an issue not presented to the trial court will not be considered on appeal (B) holding that issues not presented in an appellants initial brief to the court need not be considered under this courts rules (C) holding that claims not raised in an appellants initial brief to our court are waived (D) holding that issues not raised in an appellants initial brief are deemed abandoned (E) holding an appellant may not use the reply brief to argue issues not argued in the initial brief

SOLUTION: holding that an issue not presented to the trial court will not be considered on appeal

PROBLEM: was inconsistent with his obligations as a debtor-in- possession and merited a finding of mismanagement sufficient to justify the appointment of a Chapter 11 Trustee. This Court was unimpressed by the Debtor’s post hoc justification for his violation of his fiduciary obligations and his diversion of estate assets. At the October 15th hearing, the Debtor argued that his purchase of the WSFS Claim resulted in a net benefit to his estate that should inoculate his bad acts. Whether or not his purchase of the WSFS Claim resulted in a net benefit to his estate is irrelevant. See, e.g., In re Free, 466 B.R. 48, 54 (Bankr.W.D.Pa.2012) (refusing to credit debtor’s “no harm, no foul” defense to alleged misconduct); In re Johnson, Bky. No. 05-14164, 2009 WL 65246, *13 (Bankr.D.Del. Jan. 9, 2009) (<HOLDING>); In re Coram Healthcare Corp., 271 B.R. 228, 
 Holding statements: (A) holding that the purpose of the bankruptcy codes avoidance provisions is to prevent a debtor from making transfers that diminish the bankruptcy estate to the detriment of creditors (B) recognizing that noncompliance with bankruptcy codes disclosure requirements may not be excused by a no harm no foul defense (C) holding no irreparable harm and thus no jurisdiction where no existing employeeemployer relationship (D) holding that trial court abused its discretion in ordering disclosure of informants identity based solely on defense counsels unsworn representations that disclosure would be relevant and helpful to his defense (E) holding that no seizure occurred where officers boarded bus and began questioning passengers gave passengers no reason to believe that they required an answer and tjhere was no application of force no intimidating movement no overwhelming show of force no brandishing of weapons no blocking of exits no threat no command not even an authoritative tone of voice

SOLUTION:
holding that the purpose of the bankruptcy codes avoidance provisions is to prevent a debtor from making transfers that diminish the bankruptcy estate to the detriment of creditors