Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

[EX Q]: Fructus mume (F. mume) has been used as a traditional treatment for ulcer, cough, and digestive problems for many years in Asian countries. Previous studies have demonstrated that F. mume extracts alleviate cognitive deficits in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and in mice with scopolamine treatments. The present experiment was conducted to examine the effects of F. mume on cognitive impairments in 5XFAD transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) mutations.", 'F. mume was administered daily to 5XFAD mice at 12 weeks of age and continued for 90 days. Cognitive function was evaluated using a spatial memory version of the Morris water maze task, the object/location novelty recognition test, and contextual fear conditioning at 24 weeks of age. To elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying the memory improving effects of F. mume in 5XFAD mice, we examined alterations in hippocampal cholinergic function.', 'Vehicle-treated 5XFAD mice exhibited hippocampus-dependent memory impairments compared with non-transgenic littermates, which was reversed in F. mume-treated 5XFAD mice. In addition, reduced hippocampal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) levels in 5XFAD mice were reversed by F. mume treatment, indicating that F. mume enhances the effects of cholinergic neuronal function.
[EX A]: Do fructus mume extracts alleviate cognitive impairments in 5XFAD transgenic mice?

[EX Q]: In chronic pain, increased activity from intact or damaged peripheral nerve endings results in an enhanced response in central pain transmission systems, a mechanism known as central sensitization. Central sensitization can also be invoked in human experimental models. Therefore, these models may be useful to characterize novel analgesics in humans. The anticonvulsant gabapentin has demonstrated efficacy in patients with neuropathic pain, but its mode of action remains unclear. This study examined the effects of gabapentin on signs of central sensitization (brush and pinprick hyperalgesia) in a human model of capsaicin-evoked pain, using a gabapentin dosing regimen similar to that used in the clinic. The aims were to determine whether gabapentin, dosed in a manner similar to that used in the clinic, affected the various components of central sensitization and to assess the utility of this model for characterizing novel analgesics.', 'Intradermal capsaicin (100 microg/20 microl) was administered in the volar forearm of 41 male human volunteers to induce pain and clinical signs of central sensitization. Gabapentin (titrated to 2,400 mg daily) or placebo was given orally for 15 days in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design. The capsaicin test was conducted at baseline and after gabapentin or placebo. Endpoints were the size of areas of brush-evoked allodynia (with cotton gauze) and pinprick hyperalgesia (with von Frey filament), and the intensity of ongoing brush- and pinprick-evoked pain.', 'Gabapentin significantly reduced the area of brush allodynia compared with placebo (P </= 0.05) and insignificantly attenuated the area of pinprick hyperalgesia. Gabapentin had no significant effect on spontaneous and evoked pain intensity.
[EX A]: Does chronic oral gabapentin reduce elements of central sensitization in human experimental hyperalgesia?

[EX Q]: Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair (EVAR) is associated with a decreased incidence of perioperative cardiac complications compared with open repair. However, EVAR is not associated with long-term survival benefit. This study assessed the effect of perioperative asymptomatic cardiac damage after EVAR on long-term prognosis.', "In 220 patients undergoing elective EVAR, routine sampling for levels of cardiac troponin T and electrocardiography (ECG) were performed on days 1, 3, and 7 during the patient's hospital stay. Elevated cardiac troponin T was defined as serum concentrations >or=0.01 ng/mL. Asymptomatic cardiac damage was defined as cardiac troponin T release without symptoms or ECG changes. The median follow-up was 2.9 years. Survival status was obtained by contacting the Office of Civil Registry.", 'Release of cardiac troponin T (median, 0.08 ng/mL) occurred in 24 of 220 patients, of whom 20 (83%) were asymptomatic and without ECG changes. Patients with asymptomatic cardiac damage had a mortality rate of 49% [corrected] after 2.9 years vs 15% [corrected] for patients without perioperative cardiac damage (P < .001). Also after adjustment for clinical risk factors and medication use applying multivariate Cox regression analysis, asymptomatic cardiac damage was associated with a 2.3-fold increased risk for death (95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.1). Statin use was associated with a reduced long-term risk for death (hazard ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.9).
[EX A]:
Is perioperative asymptomatic cardiac damage after endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair associated with poor long-term outcome?