In this task, You are given an open-domain question that can be answered based on factual information. Your task is to provide \*short\* answer (in a few words only) for the given question. The short answer can be one or more entities or it can also be boolean \*yes\* or \*no\*.

Q: what was the effect of colonial resistance to the townshend taxes

A: Boston Massacre of 1770
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Q: when did no smoking in public places start

A: In 1995
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Q: who is arathorn in the lord of rings

A:
the father of Aragorn
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