instruction:
In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
question:
to the extent that cooper may be read to permit proof only by probable cause, it is overruled.
answer:
overruling


question:
but abatie held that district courts may take additional evidence whenever "[procedural] irregularities have prevented full development of the administrative record," abatie, 458 f.3d at 973, and to the extent that our earlier cases conflict with abatie, a later en banc decision, those cases are no longer good law.
answer:
overruling


question:
1993) (en   banc)); see also perry, 408 u.s. at 601-02 (holding that mutually explicit understanding could give rise to protected property interest).
answer:

non-overruling