instruction:
In this task, you are given a passage which has a question and the context. You have to generate an answer to the question based on the information present in the context.
question:
Context: We measured the effect of two weight adjusted i.v. doses (0.2 mg per 70 kg and 0.4 mg per 70 kg) of the potent opioid buprenorphine on analgesia and respiratory depression in healthy volunteers. The aim of the study was to compare buprenorphine's behaviour with respect to the occurrence of ceiling (or apparent maximum) in these typical micro-opioid protein-(MOP) receptor effects.", 'Ten subjects (5 males) received 0.2 mg per 70 kg, 10 others (5 males) 0.4 mg per 70 kg i.v. buprenorphine. Steady-state inspired minute ventilation at a fixed end-tidal Pco(2) of 7 kPa was measured before drug infusion and at regular intervals after drug infusion. Experimental pain was induced using transcutaneous electrical stimulation and a gradually increasing current. Pain tolerance was measured at regular intervals before and after drug infusion. The studies lasted 8 h.', 'After infusion of the drug ventilation showed a rapid decline and reached peak depression between 150 and 180 min after drug administration. This effect was dose-independent with respect to timing and magnitude. At peak respiratory depression minute ventilation was 13.1 (sd 1.8) litre min(-1) in the 0.2 mg group vs 12.0 (sd 1.3) litre min(-1) in the 0.4 mg group (n.s.). At buprenorphine 0.2 mg a small short-lived analgesic effect was observed with a maximum increase in pain tolerance current of 6.7 (sd 2.8) mA occurring at 75 min after drug administration. Peak analgesic effect was 29% above baseline current. In contrast, buprenorphine 0.4 mg caused a large and long-lived analgesic effect with a maximum increase in pain tolerance current of 23.8 (sd 7.4) mA occurring at 130 min after drug administration. Peak analgesic effect was 160% above baseline current (0.4 vs 0.2 mg, P<0.01).\Question: Does buprenorphine induce ceiling in respiratory depression but not in analgesia?
answer:
While buprenorphine's analgesic effect increased significantly, respiratory depression was similar in magnitude and timing for the two doses tested. We conclude that over the dose range tested buprenorphine displays ceiling in respiratory effect but none in analgesic effect.


question:
Context: Earlier exposure to laparoscopic techniques is thought to be beneficial for medical students. Reports have demonstrated that practice improves performance in laparoscopies. In this study, we intended to evaluate whether medical students' interest in surgery is affected by the amount of practice and the performance on a laparoscopic simulator.", 'A laparoscopic simulation curriculum was introduced at Taipei Medical University, Wan-Fang Medical Center. Study participants included 36 sixth-year and 14 seventh-year students who were divided according to whether they had indicated an interest (group A) or not (group B) in surgery. The students had twice-a-week practice sessions for 2 weeks. They underwent baseline measurement (BM) before training and posttraining measurement (PTM). Self-guided practice on the simulator was allowed. The learning outcomes were assessed comparing the BM and PTM scores by using the interquartile range (IQR) test. We also tested the correlation between total score and number of self-guided practice sessions.', 'All study participants showed improvement. No differences were observed between BM and PTM scores and between 6th- and 7th-year medical students. Significant differences were found in PTM scores between groups A and B (P < .001). Analysis of variance with a post hoc test for different groups revealed that the PTMs were significantly higher for both the 6th- and 7th-year medical students in group A than for those in group B (P < .001). Total performance scores were improved with a higher number of self-guided practice sessions. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between the number of self-guided practice sessions and total performance score (P < .001).\Question: Does students ' Interest in Surgery affect Laparoscopic Practicing Performance?
answer:
Those clerks and interns interested in surgery who had more sessions for self-guided practice, displayed more improvement than those not interested in surgery did. Improvement in performance correlated highly with trainees' number of self-guided practice sessions.


question:
Context: To assess the prognostic value of coronary CT angiography (CTA) for prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) over a long-term follow-up period.', 'A total of 1469 low-to-intermediate-risk patients (65.9 years; 44.2% females) were included in our prospective cohort study. CTA was evaluated for (i) stenosis severity (minimal <10%; mild <50%; moderate 50-70%; severe >70%), (ii) plaque types (calcified, mixed dominantly calcified, mixed dominantly non-calcified, non-calcified), and (iii) high-risk plaque criteria [low-attenuation plaque (LAP) quantified by HU, napkin-ring (NR) sign, spotty calcification <3 mm, and remodelling index (RI)]. Over a follow-up of mean 7.8 years, MACE rate was 41 (2.8%) and 0% in patients with negative CTA. MACE rate increased along with stenosis severity by CTA (from 1.3 to 7.8%) (P < 0.001) and was higher in T3/T4 plaques than in T2/T1 (7.8 vs. 1.9%; P < 0.0001). LAP density was lower (35.2 HU ± 32 vs. 108.8 HU ± 53) (P < 0.001) and both NR-sign prevalence with n = 26 (63.4%) vs. n = 40 (28%) and LAP <30, <60, and <90 HU prevalence with 46.3-78% vs. 2.4-7% were higher in the MACE group (P < 0.001). On univariate and unadjusted multivariable proportional Hazards model, LAP <60 HU and NR were the strongest MACE predictors (HR 4.96; 95% CI: 2.0-12.2 and HR 3.85; 95% CI: 1.7-8.6) (P < 0.0001), while spotty calcification (HR 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.3, P < 0.001), stenosis severity, and plaque type (HR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3 and HR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1-2.6) (P < 0.001) were less powerful. After adjusting for risk factors, CTA stenosis severity, and plaque type, LAP <60 HU and the NR sign remained significant (P < 0.001), while the effect of NR sign was even enhancing. HRP criteria were independent predictors from other risk factors.\Question: Are the high-risk criteria low-attenuation plaque < 60 HU and the napkin-ring sign the most powerful predictors of MACE : a long-term follow-up study?
answer:

Prognosis is excellent over a long-term period if CTA is negative and worsening with an increasing non-calcifying plaque component. LAP <60 HU and NR sign are the most powerful MACE predictors.