Given a passage, construct a question on the basis of the information present in the passage. Construct the question in such a way that (i) it is unambiguous, (ii) it is answerable from the passage, (iii) its answer is unique (iv) it answer uses text phrases from the passage. Avoid creating questions that (i) can't be answered correctly without actually understanding the passage and (ii) uses the same words or phrases given in the passage.

Example Input: As HPV-induced cases of oral malignancy increase, it is important to understand the molecular differences between HPV positive and negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs aberrantly expressed in cancer. We analyzed global piRNA expression patterns to define the HNSCC piRNA transcriptome and assess whether HPV infection status associates with changes in piRNA levels.', 'A total of 498 HNSCC small RNA sequencing libraries were acquired from the Cancer Genomics Hub (cgHUB) Data Repository and a custom sequence analysis pipeline was developed to deduce piRNA expression from raw sequencing data. Expression matrices were aligned to clinicopathological features in order to analyze piRNA expression patterns across different HNSCC groups. The association of a piRNA signature with HPV-positive patient survival was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazard model.', 'Analysis of piRNA levels between HNSCC and non-malignant tissues revealed distinct expression patterns, with 87 piRNAs exclusively expressed in tumor samples. HPV infection status affected the expression of 41 of these piRNAs. Eleven (26.8%) piRNAs were significantly downregulated in HPV16/18 tumors compared to other HPV types. Remarkably, expression of a combination of five-piRNAs in HPV-positive HNSCC tumors was associated with worse overall survival.
Example Output: Is hPV status associated with altered PIWI-interacting RNA expression pattern in head and neck cancer?

Example Input: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the implementation of evidence-based guidelines and subsequent feedback to surgeons in the management of acute pancreatitis.', 'An evidence-based Pancreatitis Proforma was developed. Data were prospectively recorded (01/06/2005-30/09/2007). Audit feedback (AFB) was performed at 9 months. A final analysis was performed comparing outcomes pre- and post-audit feedback.', '372 patients were included. Median age (range) was 57 (12-96) years. 168 (45.2%) patients were admitted pre-AFB. Post-AFB, there was a significant increase in the number of patients whose diagnosis was made within 48 hours (135/168 (80.4%) vs 189/204 (92.6%), p<0.001) and who underwent definitive treatment for mild biliary pancreatitis (33/61 (54.1%) vs 56/70 (80.0%), p=0.002). Post-AFB there was also a significant reduction in the number of computed tomography (CT) scans performed for patients with mild acute pancreatitis (23/85 (27.1%) vs 13/99 (13.1%), p=0.018). Mortality (9/168 (5.4%) vs 3/204 (1.4%), p=0.040) also decreased. On multivariate analysis, AFB was an independent factor for change in the use of CT scans (p=0.015) and management of patients with mild biliary pancreatitis (p=0.039).
Example Output: Is closing the audit loop necessary to achieve compliance with evidence-based guidelines in the management of acute pancreatitis?

Example Input: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and QT dispersion (QTd) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).', 'Sixty patients(mean age 62.72 ± 12.48 years) included 46 male, (mean age 60.89 ± 12.70 years)and 14 female (mean age 68.71± 9.86 years) were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their eGFR using the 6 variable MDRD equation. Group 1 consisted of patients with estimated eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m(2) and Group 2 consisted of patients witheGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m(2).', 'Baseline patient characteristics were homogeneous in both groups except for age, gender and smoking.Also, the extent of CAD was similar in both groups (p > 0.05) QTd values were found higher in group 1 than those of group 2 (57.23 ± 40.65 ms vs. 31.23 ± 14.47 ms, p = 0.002). After adjustment for age, gender and smoking using one-way ANCOVA test, statistically significant difference in QTd still existedbetween the groups (p=0.038).
Example Output:
Does qT dispersion increase with low glomerular filtration rate in patients with coronary artery disease?