In this task you will be given a text passage from a trivia quiz. You should choose the category this question belongs to from these categories: History, Science, Social Science, Fine Arts, Literature. You can only choose one category, so if in doubt, please choose the closest match.

Q: This quantity can be defined as minus the temperature times the derivative of entropy with respect to particle number. The Gibbs factor is a generalization of the Boltzmann factor that takes this quantity into account. Usually defined as the derivative of the Helmholtz free energy with respect to particle number, FTP name this quantity which governs particle flow, as particles flow from systems with higher values to systems with lower values.

A: Science
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Q: This molecule facilitates the Griesbaum reaction and cleaves an alkene to forms an aldehyde or a ketone in a 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition, the Criegee mechanism. In the Chapman Cycle, this diamagnetic compound with a bent geometry is replenished by a paramagnetic, diatomic molecule. In that reaction, this molecule is formed by the absorption of a photon with a wavelength of less than 280 nanometers. It can be depleted by chlorofluorocarbons, making the Earth more susceptible to ultraviolet radiation. For 10 points, name this molecule found in a namesake atmospheric "layer", a triatomic allotrope of oxygen.

A: Science
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Q: This country is the setting of a novel whose unnamed protagonist has a romantic encounter with a woman he gives the mythical name Ylajali; that protagonist nearly eats a pencil out of desperation but refuses a free breakfast from the city because he does not want to reveal his poverty. Another novel set in this country is about a woman who later dies of the plague after breaking off an engagement with Simon Darre to elope with (*) Erlend Nikuasson. The novel Hunger is set in this country, as are The Wreath, The Wife, and The Cross, which make up the Kristin Lavransdatter trilogy. For 10 points, name this home country of Knut Hamsun and Sigrid Undset, as well as the author of Peer Gynt, Henrik Ibsen.

A:
Literature
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