The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898
Part IX: SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
Chapter XLV
OF IRREGULAR PROCEEDINGS
Section 529: Irregularities which do not vitiate proceedings
529. If any Magistrate not empowered by law to do any of the following things, namely:–
 
 
(a) to issue a search-warrant under section 98;
 
 
(b) to order, under section 155, the police to investigate an offence;
 
 
(c) to hold an inquest under section 176;
 
 
(d) to issue process, under section 186, for the apprehension of a person within the local limits of his jurisdiction who has committed an offence outside such limits;
 
 
(e) to take cognizance of an offence under section 190, sub-section (1), clause (a), or clause (b);
 
 
(f) to transfer a case under section 192;
 
 
(g) to tender a pardon under section 337 or section 338;
 
 
(h) to sell property under section 524 or section 525; or
 
 
(i) to withdraw a case and try it himself under section 528;
 
 
erroneously in good faith does that thing, his proceedings shall not be set aside merely on the ground of his not being so empowered.
Section 530: Irregularities which vitiate proceedings
530. If any Magistrate, not being empowered by law in this behalf, does any of the following thins, namely:–
 
 
(a) attaches and sells property under section 88;
 
 
(b) issues a search-warrant for a letter, parcel or other thing in the Post Office, or a telegram in the Telegraph Department;
 
 
(c) demands security to keep the peace;
 
 
(d) demands security for good behaviour;
 
 
(e) discharges a person lawfully bound to be of good behaviour;
 
 
(f) cancels a bond to keep the peace;
 
 
(g) makes an order under section 133 as to a local nuisance;
 
 
(h) prohibits, under section 143, the repetition or continuance of a public nuisance;
 
 
(i) issues an order under section 144;
 
 
(j) makes an order under Chapter XII;
 
 
(k) takes cognizance, under section 190, sub-section (1) clause (c), of an offence;
 
 
(l) passes a sentence, under section 349, on proceedings recorded by another Magistrate;
 
 
(m) calls, under section 435, for proceedings;
 
 
(n) makes an order for maintenance;
 
 
(o) revises, under section 515, an order passed under section 514;
 
 
(p) tries an offender;
 
 
(q) tries an offender summarily; or
 
 
(r) decides an appeal;
 
 
his proceedings shall be void.
Section 531: Proceedings in wrong place
531. No finding, sentence or order of any Criminal Court shall be set aside merely on the ground that the inquiry, trial or other proceeding in the course of which it was arrived at or passed, took place in a wrong sessions division, district,  or other local area, unless it appears that such error has in fact occasioned a failure of justice.
Section 533: Non-compliance with provisions of section 164 or 364
533.(1) If any Court, before which a confession or other statement of an accused person recorded or purporting to be recorded under section 164 or section 364 is tendered or has been received in evidence, finds that any of the provisions of either of such sections have not been complied with by the Magistrate recording the statement, it shall take evidence that such person duly make the statement recorded; and, notwithstanding anything contained in the Evidence Act, 1872, section 91, such statement shall be admitted if the error has not injured the accused as to his defence on the merits.
(2) The provisions of this section apply to Courts of Appeal, Reference and Revision.
Section 535: Effect of omission to prepare charge
535.(1) No finding or sentence pronounced or passed shall be deemed invalid merely on the ground that no charge was framed, unless, in the opinion of the Court of appeal or revision, a failure of justice has in fact been occasioned thereby.
 
 
(2) If the Court of appeal or revision thinks that a failure of justice has been occasioned by an omission to frame a charge, it shall order that a charge be framed, and that the trial be recommenced from the point immediately after the framing of the charge.
Section 537: Finding or sentence when reversible by reason of error or omission in charge or other proceedings
537. Subject to the provisions hereinbefore contained, no finding, sentence or order passed by a Court of competent jurisdiction shall be reversed or altered under Chapter XXVII or on appeal or revision on account–
 
 
(a) of any error, omission or irregularity in the complaint, summons, warrant, charge, proclamation, order, judgment or other proceedings before or during trial or in any inquiry or other proceedings under this Code, or
 
 

 
 

 
 
Explanation–In determining whether any error, omission or irregularity in any proceeding under this Code has occasioned a failure of justice, the Court shall have regard to the fact whether the objection could and should have been raised at an earlier stage in the proceedings.
Section 538: Attachment not illegal, person making same not trespasser for defect or want of form in proceedings
538. No. attachment made under this Code shall be deemed unlawful, nor shall any person making the same be deemed a trespasser, on account of any defect or want of form in the summons, conviction, writ of attachment or other proceedings relating thereto.