ikatkov/journal-of-student-research-hs-articles huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Nanjing River Treatment Based on PPP
Authors: Wang Howard; Hongying Ji
Date: 10-27-2021

The PPP model is an essential tool to understand how different stakeholders cooperate and their respective roles in river management in Nanjing. This article adopts a qualitative research approach to do research design and uses semi-structured interviews to collect data. After analyzing, we find that the government, enterprise, and NGOs work together collaboratively to achieve a win-win situation within the PPP model. Although NGOs are not included in the original PPP model, in our study, we found that in the practice of river management in Nanjing, NGOs served asa bridge, connecting the public and private sectors.
Win At Any Cost: Examining Personality Correlates of Achievement in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Winston Park; Matthew Herman
Date: 10-23-2021

Achievement in sports is often attributed to being highly competitive or doing “whatever it takes” to win as opposed to being agreeable. The current consensus is that these traits, manifested as hypercompetitiveness, Machiavellianism, and agreeableness, tend to be highly related within adult populations and athletes. Machiavellianism, the “whatever it takes' ' attribute and hypercompetitiveness have been found to be positively correlated with one another while both are negatively correlated with agreeableness. Previous studies have failed to examine the same phenomenon in individual-sport adolescent athlete populations, in addition to how these trends may influence athletic achievement. In this study, a random sampling of an adolescent athlete population was given a battery of personality scales: The Hypercompetitive Attitude Scale, the MACH-IV, and an IPIP Agreeableness Measure. The participants’ highest national rankings in their sport were also examined. Previous findings in adult populations were replicated in this study, as Machiavellianism and hypercompetitiveness were found to have a strong negative correlation with agreeableness(r= -0.678, p= 0.000039, and r= -0.690, p= 0.000025, respectively). Machiavellianism displayed a moderate, positive correlation with hypercompetitiveness(r= 0.496, p= 0.005312). However, the differences in Machiavellianism and hypercompetitiveness between those who had achieved a rank of at least top 15 in the country and other participants were not found to be statistically significant. These results show that athletic achievement in adolescents was not significantly affected by the personality traits of Machiavellianism and hypercompetitiveness. Additional research is needed to discover what personality traits constitute a champion.&nbsp;  &nbsp;
Between Nationalism and Beaconism  How Do Chinese Students in the United States Think of the Social and Cultural Issues.
Authors: Jun Wang; Henry L. Cheng
Date: 10-14-2021

This study investigated how Chinese people in the U.S. view racism and racial issues from the perspective of Chinese university students in the U.S.. The research is based on Critical Race Theory (CRT) to define racism and found that the majority of Chinese college students regard the situation as a problematic one, and they are supportive of civil rights movements such as Black Lives Matter and Stop Asian Hate. Additionally, though most of the interviewees have not heard of CRT, through their responses to other questions, they show acceptance of the concepts of CRT; for example, almost all of the interviewees responded that they would consider racism as a social problem instead of a personal one.
Identification of Novel Protein Targets for Fenugreek to Treat Diabetes: A Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Haasini Nandyala, Ariel Pham , Anushka Wagle, Hansika Daggolu, Amrita Guha , Reya Sankar , Chloe Chan, Dipti Venkatesh ; Gayathri Renganathan
Date: 10-10-2021

Abstract: Trigonella foenum-graecum has been shown to have anti-diabetic potential through a wide variety of in-vivo assays as well as by inhibiting enzymes such as alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase. Studies have indicated the therapeutic potential of different phytoconstituents found in Trigonella foenum-graceum including diosgenin trigonelline, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, leucine, and L-lysine. This study aims to find novel protein targets that these specific phytoconstituents from fenugreek can bind to, thereby helping to treat diabetes mellitus. Through multiple stages of molecular docking and analyzing the binding sites in comparison to previously reported inhibitors, a suitable and novel target protein for four of the compounds was found and the relevance to diabetes was discussed, setting up these compounds as novel inhibitors for the target proteins.
Meeting the Real “Gini” of India:  An Analysis of Indian Respondents’ Perceptions of Income Inequality in India
Authors: Aman Gulati; Ms. Kah Ying
Date: 10-10-2021

Based on our fraught human history of widespread revolts, it is often presumed that income inequality can disrupt the status-quo. In recent years, researchers have come to question this connection between actual inequality and adverse political results. The findings show that most people around the world are unable to gauge societal inequality through relative comparisons, and are uncertain about both the magnitude and directionality of the gap. The aim of this study was twofold: 1) to assess the disparity between Indian respondents’ perceived and actual ratings of income inequality in India using a Gini Coefficient score; and 2) to identify factors that influenced these ratings. Almost 250 respondents from a wide cross-section of India participated in an online survey to give their perceived ratings of India’s Gini coefficient score along with the factors that influenced their responses.&nbsp; Over 90.2% considered the degree of inequality in India to be far higher than the actuality, thus showing the great extent to which they consider their country to be an unequal one. The analysis identifies “Quality of Governance” as the only statistically significant predictor for improving income inequality, showing that the government is considered to be the primary bearer of responsibility for providing quality education and healthcare, which is sadly lacking. Nonetheless, the findings constitute a “call to action” for the Indian Government to implement more effective policies to tackle these issues. Future studies could delve deeper into the problem to determine the extent to which governance influences perceived income inequality in India.
Theresienstadt Ghetto: Propaganda, Paintings, and Protest  A case study analysis
Authors: Navya Agarwal; Ms. Kah Ying Cho
Date: 10-10-2021

Throughout history, art has been used to express, emote, and empathize. It has provided a lens to understand history beyond figures and statistics, through the eyes of the people. The aim of this research study was to conduct a case study analysis of an art movement that emerged from the Theresienstadt Ghetto as a protest movement against the endeavor by the Nazis to use the Jewish inmates and their work as a tool of propaganda during the Holocaust. This paper consists of two parts. First, a detailed discussion of the environment of Theresienstadt was presented to show its evolution from the Nazis’ deceptive intent to put forth the illusion that it was a haven for Jewish people to the deterioration of living conditions and the audacious birth of an artistic hub upon the initiative of the Jewish inmates. Second, an in-depth analysis of four key works of art created in Theresienstadt, namely Transport Arrival by Leo Haas, a sketch by Helga Weissova, The Song is Over by Pavel Fantl, and Film and Reality by Bedrich Fritta, showcased the extraordinary courageous spirit of the artists in optimizing the meager resources they had to fight against their oppressors.
Understanding the Significance & Complexity of the Brady Rule
Authors: Prisha Mehta; Ryne Sandel
Date: 10-10-2021

My independent study final product is a means of demonstrating the importance and complexity of evidentiary disclosure in the American criminal justice system. To accomplish this, I designed an experiment to evaluate the impact of Brady violations on the outcome of a criminal trial or plea negotiation. The experiment involved presenting two different versions of a fictional criminal case to forty-four volunteer participants, who were randomly organized into two even groups: Group A and Group B. Version A of the case included the totality of the evidence collected during the discovery phase of the case while Version B of the case omitted a single piece of “exculpatory” evidence to produce the effect of a Brady violation. After reading the given facts, participants in both groups A and B were asked to answer questions regarding the defendant’s culpability and the wisest course of legal action. Participants were given a specified period between three weeks and three days to review the facts and submit their answers to the experimental questions. The results of this experiment and my supporting research on federal and state disclosure regimes show that the “materiality” clause in the Brady Rule subjects prosecutors to highly subjective and vague criteria that 1) can easily be exploited by prosecutors with malicious intents and 2) increase the risk of unintended Brady violations by good-meaning prosecutors.
Is the Copenhagen Interpretation Compatible with Philosophical Realism?
Authors: Leshang Pang; Dylan Bianchi
Date: 10-10-2021

How are quantum mechanics and realism related? This paper will discuss whether or not the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics and the doctrine of philosophical realism are compatible. To answer this question, this paper will first introduce quantum mechanics and the Copenhagen Interpretation in terms of the particle in the box experiment. Then, philosophical realism will be introduced and defined.&nbsp; Finally, the relationship between the Copenhagen Interpretation and philosophical realism will be evaluated. Several points of the Copenhagen Interpretation appear to contradict philosophical realism; thus, it can be concluded that the Copenhagen Interpretation is not compatible with philosophical realism.
Inhibitory effect of Garlic oil, Clove oil and Thyme oil on Micrococcus Luteus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Authors: Fadi Al-Shoaibi; Surya Benedicts
Date: 10-10-2021

This study is aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Garlic, Thyme and Clove essential oils against Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Using natural oils to fight the bacteria will limit the usage of antibiotics, reducing the probability of antibiotic resistance which is a global increasing problem. Also, it will eliminate antibiotic side-effects such as vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, Which occurs around 1 in 10 people (NHS, 2019). Antibiotics also have an effect the biofilm layer, causing a decrease in immunity. Micrococcus luteus has shown no growth in the trail run when the extracts where undiluted, nor in the main investigation when dilutions took place. This reveals the susceptibility of the bacteria to the following essential oils. Staphylococcus epidermidis has shown to be more resistant than micrococcus luteus. The oils however have produced a diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ), which means the oils are effective. Clove essential oil has produced the smallest inhibition zones in all concentrations carried out, suggesting that it’s the least effective extract. Thyme oil and clove oil have produced similar results; however, Thyme has shown a stronger antimicrobial effect at the 30 and 40% concentrations, whereas garlic has shown a stronger effect using the 20% concentration which has the highest coefficient of variation at 32.00% suggesting that it’s the least precise result.&nbsp; These results indicate that these essential oils have strong antimicrobial properties suggesting a potential clinical relevance in tackling bacteria.
The Forgotten Third: A Comparison of China, US, and the European Union’s AI Development
Authors: Théo Abramo; Emma Campbell-Mohn
Date: 10-10-2021

In the 21st century, great power competition dominates the field of international relations. Much has been written about the US and China rivalry for technological dominance, specifically in artificial intelligence. But these analyses are missing one essential player: Europe. I ask will China use its advancements in artificial intelligence to overtake the United States as a superpower, disrupting the US hegemon, just as the United States once did in a post-cold war era with the USSR. &nbsp;Europe is developing its own strategy and capabilities to rival those of the US and China. I use a cross-country qualitative case study method to examine advancements in artificial intelligence across the US, China, and Europe, specifically France and Germany. To determine each states’ leadership and capabilities, I compare them across their AI dreams, hardware, research, and ecosystem. In this comparison I find that whilst China’s numbers outcompete the US and Europe in total output, there are multiple criterium, notably in top tier development, where there is still a significant gap China needs to close between its rivals. Thus, providing an opportunity for Europe, specifically France and Germany, to develop and lead certain criterium regarding core AI development. This paper contributes to existing scholarship on artificial intelligence and US-China relations by adding the European dimension.
Mathematical Modeling of the Origami Navel Shell
Authors: Gurmeher Kaur, Crystal Soong; Professor Jasleen Kaur
Date: 10-10-2021

The well-known Nautilus shell has been modeled extensively both by mathematicians and origamists. However, there is wide disagreement on the best-fitting mathematical model — partly because there is significant variability across different Nautilus Shells found in nature, and no single model can describe all of them well. Origami structures, however, have precise repeatable folding instructions, and do not exhibit such variability. Ironically, no known mathematical models exist for these structures. In this research, we mathematically model a prominent origami design, the Navel Shell by Tomoko Fuse, believed to be based on the Nautilus.  We use first-principles geometric and trigonometric constructs for developing a non-smooth Geometric Model of the ideal origami spiral. We then search for the best-fitting parametric smooth spiral approximation, by formulating the fitting problem as a minimization problem over four unknowns. We write a Python computer program for searching the space numerically. Our evaluations show that: (i) the Smooth spiral is an excellent fit for the Geometric Model; (ii) our models for Origami Navel Shell are different from prior mathematical models for the Nautilus shell, but they come close to a recent model for a rare species of Nautilus; (iii) the Geometric Model explains the outer edges of origami images quite well and helps identify construction errors in the inner edges; and (iv) the Smooth Model helps understand how well the ideal Navel Shell matches different variants of the Nautilus species. We hope our research lays the foundation for further mathematical modeling of origami structures.&nbsp;
Predicting Parkinson’s: Using Neural Networks to Evaluate the Genetic Risk Factors Behind the Disease
Authors: Andrew Yuan, Isha Jagadish, Trisha Gongalore; Joseph Alzagatiti
Date: 10-10-2021

To date, researchers do not know the exact reasons for the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta that leads to Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Thus, it is extremely difficult to predict whether or not a patient is likely to develop the disease later on, as their risk increases with age. However, once patients present with the common symptoms indicative of the illness, a substantial amount of dopaminergic neurons are already lost. Seeing as there are no current avenues of replacing those neurons, predictive diagnosis and preventive measures could be of extraordinary help in devising treatments. Our aim was to use the significant research into possible high-risk genetic factors from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to formulate a predictive neural network model for Parkinson’s. We analyzed patient genomes for mutations in the top 20 genes associated with PD, as well as 21 genes implicated in axon guidance pathways, to determine whether the patients were at high or low risk for Parkinson’s. Our model produced an accuracy and AUROC of 94%. We found this significant because it showed a strong correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) we analyzed and PD. We believe our model can be further improved upon by adding considerations for other investigated risk factors, such as patient age, familial history of disease, or gut microbiota inconsistencies among others.
Pathology of Gliomas and the Role Immunotherapy Plays in Combatting Glioma Proliferation
Authors: Divya Kothakapa; Anush Swaminathan
Date: 10-10-2021

Glioma, a type of tumor arising from the brain and/or spinal cord, is a relatively broad term, encompassing three main types of glial cell tumors: astrocytoma, ependymoma, and oligodendroglioma. A prognosis for a glioma can often be extremely poor, with an overall survival rate of 54.84%. With around 20,000 gliomas being diagnosed each year, it is imperative that effective treatments are developed for management of these tumors. A popular treatment pathway for the treatment of gliomas is surgery along with chemo-radiation therapy such as Temozolomide. This current treatment plan, though, has a moderate effect on lengthening glioma patients’ prognoses. The average survival of this plan is 3 to 6 months. New treatments in the field of immunotherapies may have promising effects for glioma patients’ prognoses. Arising developments in immunotherapy glioma treatment and management is an important field to investigate to further improve the effectivity of cancer treatment for glioma patients. Certain immunotherapies in trials have proven to make impactful improvements to glioma prognoses, one trial showing an increase of 2 months in median survival. This literature review will focus on the pathology and characteristics of the proliferation of malignant glioma cells and the role immunotherapy plays in combatting glioma proliferation
The New Final Frontier: A Case Study Analysis of Private Sector’s Increasing Role in the Space Industry
Authors: Damini Rana; Dr. Mritunjay Sharma
Date: 10-10-2021

Historically, any endeavors, involving the term ‘space’, were perceived as operations undertaken by large government organizations with an emphasis on the scientific aspect, rather than a business one. However, over the last two decades, the structure of the space industry is rapidly being transformed and privatized due to the growth in commercial applications and the catalyzing entry of billionaires such as Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos. This paper offers a case study analysis of the private sector’s growing influence in the space industry through a combination of a quantitative analysis and an in-depth review of the surrounding literature. The results show that the commercial economy now accounts for almost 80% of the monetary size of the space industry and is expected to drive most of the growth in future. Further, a forecast of the future size of the space economy suggests it could touch almost US$1.5 trillion by 2040, dominated by the private sector. A regression analysis conducted to assess the quantum of private sector investment that will be required if the industry is to achieve its forecasted potential in the upcoming decades revealed that private investments must go up to US$48billion by 2025.
Inequality in India: Through the Lens of Differences in Water Quality
Authors: Aditi Gaur; Ms. Kah Ying Choo
Date: 10-10-2021

India is ranked as the worst country in the world, in terms of number of people lacking access to safe water. This study examines&nbsp; the socio-economic inequity of India through the lens of privileged Indian respondents’ perceptions of the water quality accessible to communities of different socio-economic status. To address this aim, a survey was conducted to measure the level of social awareness around this issue among privileged Indian respondents with regards to their ratings of the safety of the water in three different communities: their own, the underprivileged, and India as a whole.&nbsp;&nbsp; Respondents rated their water quality to be the highest, followed by India as a whole, and then the underprivileged. The main reasons they offered for their ratings were: the government’s failure to set up an adequate infrastructure for piping water without polluting it and the inability of the underprivileged to afford water filters in India. Despite the gravity of the health problems that can ensue from the lack of access to safe water, the lack of accountability for the government, and apathy from the privileged residents, can be attributed to the deeply entrenched discrimination in India, which is founded upon its caste tradition and its pursuit&nbsp; of the capitalist agenda in the ‘90s. Therefore, it is vital that the Indian government and people take responsibility for providing safe water to all by: increasing awareness amongst all communities;&nbsp; provision of water filters for all, and the eventual changing of the piping system in the long term.
Tense of Psychological Distancing Self Talk and Test Performance Among GT High School Students
Authors: Nikitha Kota; Amanda Venta
Date: 10-10-2021

Test taking is ubiquitous in academic life. Often, a student’s desire to perform well in these evaluative situations leads them to experience test-anxiety. However, test-anxiety has been repeatedly correlated with reduced test performance. Research suggests that reappraisal interventions promote the reduction of test anxiety which may result in improved test performance. But can linguistic tense mediate the effect of these interventions? If so, are these interventions helpful for GT students for whom test anxiety is a significant concern? This intervention study tested whether reading a message containing a type of reappraisal technique, objective psychological distancing, in a certain linguistic tense could reduce test anxiety and improve test performance for high school GT algebra students. Two hours before taking an exam, students read one of three messages: a first-person distancing, a third-person distancing, or a control message. There existed a slight improvement in student test performance from the control condition to the distancing conditions, yet this trend was not statistically significant. &nbsp;
Kinematic analysis of Felix Baumgartner's stratospheric jump in 2012  Modeling the various forces involved in an unusual skydive
Authors: Josemaria Zavala; Magister
Date: 10-10-2021

The present investigation shows a kinematic analysis of Baumgartner’s stratospheric jump, based on a scientific report by Red Bull. The modeling was carried out using the different forces that intervened in the event (velocity, acceleration, etc.), making it possible to generate a mathematical model capable of extrapolating data and allowing us a better appreciation of such scientific achievement. All the mathematical exploration has been carried out with ten decimal places; however, they will be rounded to four in writing. The action plan was based on obtaining the velocities by placing points on a velocity model belonging to an approximate graph of a Red Bull scientific report, which was put into the GeoGebra Classic 5 program to find the velocities. After this, we proceeded to find the accelerations and the formula of the function that models them. Finally, this formula was integrated to acquire the mathematical model of the velocities.