ikatkov/journal-of-student-research-hs-articles huggingface dataset:
Shoulder Dysfunction in High School Tennis Players - an exploratory study
Authors: Sandheep Ranganathan; Coach Jo
Date: 11-30-2022

Previous studies have investigated sports activity related shoulder dysfunction, such as scapular dyskinesis and glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), mainly in high-level tennis players. The prevalence of these dysfunctions in comparatively low to moderate level tennis players, such as those at the high school level is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of scapular dyskinesis and GIRD at the high school level and identify some of the factors that makes a high school tennis player more susceptible to developing shoulder dysfunction. A survey related to sports-related shoulder dysfunction was developed in collaboration with physical therapists and was completed by twenty-seven high school level tennis players. The results show that players who have more years of experience, played tennis more often on a weekly basis, and were on the varsity team are more likely to develop shoulder pain and dysfunction. The average number of symptoms increased with years of playing experience and a higher frequency of playing tennis every week, with more than 40% of players on the varsity team reporting a decrease in the velocity, control, and arm motion during their serve. While male players reported more symptoms related to pain, decreased performance and strength, female players reported almost three times more occurrence of lower shoulders compared to male players. Players who consistently did workouts for shoulder and back muscles were less likely to develop shoulder pain and dysfunction, regardless of their level of experience and gender.
The Effect of Talking to Plants in Order to Improve Emotions and Reduce Stress in High School Students
Authors: Amelia Gandhi
Date: 11-30-2022

This study was designed to see if students could improve their emotional state and/or reduce stress by talking to a plant.&nbsp; One of the major benefits of using plants to study feelings or stress is that implementation of the plant does not need to be standardized in order to measure mood or emotional feeling. Plants make excellent listeners because they do not talk back.&nbsp; They allow a person to express their feelings and emotions without interruption or reciprocal feedback. Volunteer high school students, 9th through 12th grade, were given a plant and asked to document their pre-discussion feelings, talk to the plant for 15 minutes about anything they wanted, then document their post-discussion feelings. The study was conducted for 4 weeks through self-guided surveys.&nbsp; The analysis showed a decrease in stress and nervousness across all grade-levels, with an increase in relaxation.
The Effectiveness of Counterconditioning and Extinction in Extinguishing Learning
Authors: Pradnya Rajalakshmi
Date: 11-30-2022

Counterconditioning and extinction are two different forms of learning that inhibit the expression of a learned unwanted behavior by either eliminating the behavior (extinction) or replacing it altogether with a wanted behavior (counterconditioning). While counterconditioning has been shown to be more effective than extinction in some cases, both of these techniques can be vulnerable to the relapse of an unwanted behavior. Separate work has also shown that learning to inhibit unwanted behavior can be more effective if done across multiple different contexts rather than a single experimental context. A systematic comparison of extinction and counterconditioning across single and multiple contexts is, however, lacking. This research paper aims to identify the effectiveness of each of these learning techniques across a single context as well as multiple contexts to identify which is the most suitable for removing unwanted learned behavior. A two-by-two between-subjects design was used wherein four groups completed a learning task in either single or multiple contexts and with either extinction or counterconditioning. It was hypothesized that the counterconditioning group in multiple contexts should turn out to be more effective in extinguishing learning. The results did not support this hypothesis and instead suggest that these methods were all similarly effective at reducing unwanted behaviors.
Supply Chain Disruption Factors and Influences in Industrial Manufacturing and Technology Industries
Authors: Adrish Kar; Joshua Eaton
Date: 11-30-2022

Objective: This paper investigates the main supply chain disruption factors and influences in a set of industrial manufacturing and technology industries as well as the relationships that exist between them. Background: Disruption factors are obstacles that impede a manufacturing company filling customer orders and are treated as the main causal factors in this study. The number of unfilled orders of an industry is any obligation to provide a good or service that has not been met and is used as the main response variable in this research. Methods: Principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis are both variable reduction techniques that were utilized together in order to isolate latent constructs behind disruption factors and identify significant disruption factors contributing to the unfilled orders for each industry. Results: Across a majority of manufacturing industries, insufficient supply of materials, equipment limitations, logistics/transportation constraints, and storage limitations were observed to be amplified significantly as disruption factors by the pandemic. Conclusions: This research reveals the disruption factors that were exacerbated by the pandemic in a set of certain industrial manufacturing and technology industries that were not extensively examined by previous research and strongly corroborate existing literature on the general challenges imposed by the pandemic on supply chain networks. This work also provides a future research objective of improving supply chain resilience.
Digital Marketing in the Makeup Industry - Attraction and Retention of Generation Z
Authors: Meghna Sahu; Kyle Karnuta
Date: 11-30-2022

This study investigates the changing nature of marketing, especially by the makeup industry, as Generation Z increasingly employs its growing purchasing power. What do attraction and retention marketing tactics look like as brands seek to win Generation Z consumers? The research investigated the significance of Generation Z’s purchasing power, and found that younger consumers value personal connections, authenticity, and engaging with brands over digital platforms. Specifically in the makeup industry, social media, beauty influencer partnerships, and storytelling are employed to attract Generation Z. Brand communities, satisfying consumers, and loyalty programs are used to retain the younger consumers. A case study of the makeup brand Glossier illustrates how a digitally native brand uses digital tactics to win over the tech-savvy generation.
Are Hate Crime Enhancements Warranted in American Law?
Authors: Joshua Zhang
Date: 11-30-2022

Hate crimes are crimes that have an unusual bias upon a certain group due to their specific identity. In the American legal system, it has been a long-time controversy surrounding whether a hate crime enhancement is warranted for those classified as such. This paper first seeks to examine the rationality of hate crime enhancements, using established hate crime legislature to analyze its purpose. Then it will apply such a framework to evaluate whether the legislature abides with legal philosophy and constitutional rights through the lens of moral culpability, past landmark cases, and implementation observances. The paper will explain that legal philosophy deems it impossible to assess motive, a key component of hate crimes. It will also challenge the current supreme court and landmark rulings upon hate crime legislature and points out an unconstitutional logical loophole. Flaws of implementation on demographics and due process are also pointed out as limitations. Through the three-prong analysis, although a justification for current hate crime enhancements is present due to the potential physical and mental damages, it is concluded that they are unconstitutional, unwarranted, and must be limited to ensure the justice of the American legal system.
The malfeasance of the juvenile justice system through social institutions
Authors: Kareena Mehra; Amber
Date: 11-30-2022

I will be exploring how social institutions impact the behavior of adolescent delinquents. I am analyzing the environment and rehabilitative system inside juvenile jail that could increase or decrease the juvenile’s behavior. Some factors that can contribute to institutionalized corruption and criminal behavior are race-based and socioeconomic-based stereotypes towards adolescents from communities of color. In my analysis, I will be following the stories of two case studies. Case study #1 follows a caucasian man, whereas case study #4 follows a black man, however, both these young men are of different ages. There is a clear distinction between how the two go in and out of the system. I will highlight some key points of each juvenile’s home life where we see minor factions resulting in life-altering sentences. While questioning fundamental aspects of a working functioning society I ask, how do the home and street environments of different races influence or perpetuate juvenile behavior? I expect to open a wall to misconceptions made about the juvenile system and expose maltreatment towards troubled youth by elaborating and expanding the research done on their origins.&nbsp; I collected findings such as a lack of resources to support the youths’ physical needs in juvenile centers, the lack of protection from government officials when sentencing youth in the courtrooms, and how the youths’ adolescent and personal change and development can contribute to juvenile behavior.&nbsp;
The Relationship between Developmental Factors and the Big Five personality Traits
Authors: Alexander Ji; Ana Patricia Esqueda
Date: 11-30-2022

The Big Five personality traits theory is a well-accepted taxonomy of personality traits in personality psychology, which consists of five dimensions: openness to experiences, conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness. Understanding the Big Five personality theory is critical to recognizing each individual's underlying nature and characteristics. While there is a plethora of research on the impacts and influences of the Big Five personality traits, little is known about the relationship between an individual's developmental factors and their Big Five personality traits. Without understanding the behaviour between development and personality, accurate and reliable causational experiments in personality psychology cannot exist. This study attempts to provide insight into how an individual's developmental factors are correlated with their Big Five personality traits. The original data was collected from surveys distributed to high schoolers studying in an American curriculum. This exploratory study concluded that an individual's familial relationship quality during childhood was correlated with some of the most significant deviations from the mean score of each Big Five personality trait. Individuals with married but separated parents had the highest scores in agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness to experiences than any other developmental factor. Overall, the findings of this research indicated the complex relationship between an individual's Big Five personality traits and their development factors, providing information necessary for future causation experiments in personality psychology.
Predicting Diabetic Retinopathy Using Machine Learning
Authors: Nathan Zhang
Date: 11-30-2022

Over the last 3 decades, advances in laser surgery and intraocular drug delivery have decreased the risk of diabetic retinopathy. However, the use of artificial intelligence and other forms of data analysis in retinopathy screening has not had the same advances. This project aimed to analyze the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and to develop the best machine learning model to predict the disease. Violin plots were created to compare the distribution of diabetic retinopathy diagnosis with gender. The plot showed that females who had said they were not taking insulin were less likely to be diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy. Another violin plot showed that those with hypertension who were taking insulin were less likely to have diabetic retinopathy. Histograms were also created to show the distributions of the variables, color-coded by retinopathy diagnosis. Specifically, it was found that the bigger the time gaps since the diabetes diagnosis, the more likely a person suffers from diabetic retinopathy. Finally, multiple machine learning models were tested and these were the most accurate in predicting diabetic retinopathy with an 80% accuracy, LinearSVC, CalibratedClassifierCV, and Logistic Regression.
Comparison of the efficacy of Natural Language Processing Algorithms at classifying Cyberbullying Tweets
Authors: Eric Cui; Christopher Brown
Date: 11-30-2022

Machine Learning is frequently used to predict and classify data. Natural Language Processing (NLP) uses machine learning to classify strings of words. There are many different machine learning models that can be used for NLP, with three main categories being regression, decision tree, and neural net models. Each has their own advantages and drawbacks. After being trained and tested on a set of tweets concerning cyberbullying, Logistic Regression, XGboost, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) were compared in terms of several metrics, including accuracy, recall, precision, and f1-score. Afterwards, the metrics were considered in combination with model runtime and complexity to determine which model was most appropriate for the given dataset and other similar datasets. Logistic Regression was found to lack sufficient complexity to properly classify the data. LSTM had worse metrics than XGboost and had significantly higher complexity and runtime. XGboost performed best, with the highest metrics and relatively short runtime.
Using Machine Learning Regressors for the Discovery of Culex Mosquito Habitats and Breeding Patterns in Washington D.C.
Authors: Iona Xia, Neha Singirikonda, Landon Hellman, Jasmine Watson, Marvel Hanna; Dr. Russanne Low
Date: 11-30-2022

Culex mosquitoes pose a significant threat to humans and other species due to their ability to carry deadly viruses such as the West Nile and Zika. Washington D.C., in particular, has a humid subtropical climate that is ideal as a habitat for mosquito breeding. Thus, tracking mosquitoes’ habitats and breeding patterns in Washington D.C. is crucial for addressing local public health concerns. Although fieldwork techniques have improved over the years, monitoring and analyzing mosquitoes is difficult, dangerous, and time-consuming. In this work, we propose a solution by creating a Culex mosquito abundance predictor using machine learning techniques to determine under which conditions Culex mosquitoes thrive and reproduce. We used four environmental variables to conduct this experiment: precipitation, specific humidity, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and surface skin temperature. We obtained sample data of these variables in the Washington D.C. areas from the NASA Giovanni Earth Science Data system, as well as mosquito abundance data collected by the D.C. government. Using these data, we created and compared four machine learning regression models: Random Forest, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, and Multi-Layer Perceptron. We searched for the optimal configurations for each model to get the best fitting possible. Random Forest Regressor produced the most accurate prediction of mosquito abundance in an area with the four environment variables, achieving a mean average error of 3.3. EVI was the most significant factor in determining mosquito abundance. Models and findings from this research can be utilized by public health programs for mosquito-related disease observations and predictions.
How does the architecture in the movie Parasite help portray the social class differences?
Authors: Rhea Kochhar
Date: 11-30-2022

Social class difference is the central plot in the film “Parasite”. The movie shows the difference in lifestyles of the upper-class and lower-class. One way it does so is through the architecture portrayed in it, which is precisely what this research paper focuses upon. The subthemes of architecture chosen for this paper include spatial elevation, interior orientation, and perspective of the outside world from the upper-class and lower-class streams. Different points are characterized into these three groups and are explored as a whole in the film. This research paper also tries to identify why a certain setting has been used, why has the layout been made a certain way, and why has a certain object been placed in a particular spot. All the answers to these questions mainly point in the direction of creating an empathetic response from the audience. This refers to the audience feeling sorry for the low-income Kim household and hence actively depicting their plight. As the film is set in South Korea, it can be derived that it not only highlights the general wage gap but rather specifically the one in Korea as it is filled with poverty and unequally distributed income. Moreover, architecture itself might have been one chosen medium to bring the social difference to notice as it is very subtle in nature. It makes the audience sympathize without them even realizing when or why.&nbsp;  &nbsp;
Are Collectivist Societies Better at Managing National Crisis?
Authors: Edward Sun; Lisa Callender
Date: 11-30-2022

Based on the cultural psychology literature, we investigate which type of society is more effective in response to national crisis by comparing four aspects of individualistic and collectivistic states – sense of unity, conspiracy theories, political policy, and technology advancement. Our analysis suggests that the stronger psychological sense of unity and lower impact of conspiracy theories in collectivist societies leads to stronger support for government policies, resulting in more efficient response to national crisis in the short term. However, these features in collectivist nationals may suppress creativity and technology advancement, which compromise their effectiveness in combating national crisis in the long run.
Nursing Homes:The Overshadowed and Undervalued Aspects of Covid-19 By:Abdul Hadi Kamran
Authors: Abdul Hadi Kamran; Angel Aguilar
Date: 11-30-2022

Abstract  Every 100 years, some sort of infectious disease devastates the world.&nbsp; In 1720, we had the Plague, in 1817, Cholera, in 1918, the Spanish Flu, and now in 2020, we have the Coronavirus.&nbsp; The disease, having been first discovered in Wuhan, China, soon took the world by storm as more and more people fell ill to the contagious disease.&nbsp; Due to how new and unique the disease was, everyone was vulnerable to it.&nbsp; However, certain demographics were at a higher risk of being fatally affected by the disease.&nbsp; This being the elderly and young children.&nbsp; At the start of the pandemic, the entire world was focused on hospitals, how to quarantine patients, where to separately keep them, etc.&nbsp; The type of facility with the highest percentage or the elderly, however, are not in fact hospitals.&nbsp; The type of facility with the highest percentage of elderly is Nursing Homes, who were treated extremely differently to hospitals during the early portion of the pandemic.&nbsp; The goals of this project were to assess the mentality of those who were held responsible for the lives of those most at risk, and whether or not they believe they were given adequate support during the pandemic.
Xenotransplantation and its adverse effects on the immunology of the human body and solutions
Authors: Chaitanya Krishna; Coach Jo
Date: 11-30-2022

The current demand in the U.S. for a transplant far exceeds of what is available. In fact, 22 people die each day because they do not get the necessary organ in time. With the human population growing, this problem will surely continue to get worse, but innovative solutions exist. Xenotransplantation, a method where a non-human organ is transplanted into a human, offers exciting potential like none seen before. An unlimited number of cells, tissues, and organs could be “manufactured” through genetic engineering, and this would truly be able to solve the high demand of organs in the United States. Obviously, tons of hurdles exist. Based on multiple sources, specific effects because of hidden diseases inside the graft, or organ of the animal, can cause damage to the patient which is alarming. Organ rejection is also deeply covered: the several types and what it entails in the body. Analyzing from various sources, the purpose of this research paper is to explain the adverse effects that transplantation can cause and to promote further research and investigation on combating the adversities presented. &nbsp;
Characteristics of Psychotic Depression in Juveniles and Analyzing 4 Antipsychotics
Authors: Deepak Vaidyula; Coach Jo
Date: 11-30-2022

This research paper attempts to answer how psychotic depression differs in children and adults and focuses on the properties of the following four antipsychotics: Mellaril, Clozaril, Zyprexa, and Abilify to analyze which antipsychotic was most effective. This research paper analyzed differences in how children and adults react to psychotic depression by analyzing a recent study. To compare the different drugs, one or more studies were analyzed for each drug, and each drug’s properties were analyzed. After evaluating the different effects of psychotic depression, it was found that hallucinations were much more common in teenagers and children. More specifically, it was found that the most common type of hallucination was auditory. It was also found that the number of minors suffering from psychotic depression may be grossly underestimated. Clozaril was found to be very effective for patients that didn’t respond to other antipsychotics but dangerous because of its side effects. Mellaril seemed to be effective at treating schizophrenia, but had many side effects. Zyprexa seemed to be useful for weight gain for Anorexia Nervosa (AN), and Abilify seemed to be good for treating schizophrenia over a long period of time. It was concluded that children were more at risk for psychotic depression as they would not tell their guardians because of fear of backlash. It was also found that a few children believed hallucinations to be make-believe and not a disorder. Clozaril was found to be the most effective antipsychotic, while Zyprexa was the least.
Variations in the English Language Depending on Audience as Seen Through Tyler, The Creator
Authors: Brinley Belding; Anna Trester
Date: 11-30-2022

Tyler, the Creator is one of the most popular artists of the late 2010s. Perceptible in many of his works, Tyler changes the way he speaks depending on the context of his song and his audience. This paper argues that, in order to fit into the hip-hop community, Tyler uses more variations characteristic of African American English whereas personal albums stray away from variations to focus on the content itself. This is because Tyler is more focused on his story than fitting in.&nbsp;