ikatkov/journal-of-student-research-hs-articles huggingface dataset:
Audio Classification of Bird Species Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Jocelyn Wang; Guillermo Goldsztein
Date: 02-28-2023

As the total number of birds has declined in the billions over the last 50 years, an accurate method for classifying bird species is necessary for conservation efforts and population monitoring. One promising method is using machine learning models to classify birds by their sounds, which has emerged due to benefits such as being less affected by environmental factors (eg. habitat, time of day), and lower disturbances to bird species during the data collection process, contrary to other processes such as image classification. As audio processing may eventually become the main method of classifying birds and may be used as an important conservation tool, it is imperative to understand the challenges that must be overcome before it can be successfully applied. In this work, the programming language Python and the machine learning model Convolutional Neural Networks were used to process and classify audio recordings from over 150 different bird species. This study demonstrates that although audio classification is a promising method of classification, many challenges are still present in the field, such as the amount of variety in the different calls of a single bird, the presence of background noises in many audio recordings, and the difficulty in efficiently representing an audio signal with images, highlighting the importance of overcoming these challenges for conservation efforts.&nbsp;
The usage of melittin in breast cancer microenvironment targeting
Authors: Gaurav Ramasani, Dr. Raj
Date: 02-28-2023

In today’s society, there are more people dying from breast cancer than ever. In fact, it has been projected that 1 in 39 women will die from breast cancer. Over the years, scientists have developed many forms of treatment to help alleviate some of the symptoms and keep the cancer at bay, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Recently, however, a discovery has been made that could have the most efficacy and effectiveness against breast cancer. Melittin, a cationic peptide found in bee venom, is a 26 amino acid peptide that is being studied in many fields of medicine to be used as a new form of treatment in conjunction with the current forms. It is being tested in cancer research because of a special function that it has: the ability to start apoptosis by punching holes in the actual cell itself. In this paper, we will look at an overview of breast cancer’s history and statistics, look through some of the types of treatments that are already being used to fight breast cancer, and analyze five case studies to see how melittin can be used to target the microenvironments of breast cancer cells and figure out which method of treatment melittin will best fit into.
Variation in Student Achievement: Effects of NCLB on Standards-based Accountability in Arizona
Authors: Avinash Thakur; Nicole Yates
Date: 02-28-2023

Over the years, the United States government has assumed a larger role in educational policy. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is one of the most notable examples of an increase in federal involvement in education. Through the creation of accountability systems, NCLB required states to test in reading and mathematics. Prior research has maintained that states with pre-existing test-based accountability remained relatively unchanged by the passage of the Act. States without test-based accountability measures pre-NCLB may have been more likely to be affected by its implementation (e.g., Arizona). In order to test this claim, I examined student achievement in Arizona pre-, during, and post-NCLB under AZ LEARNS and the A-F Accountability System over certain years (1996, 2000, 2005, 2009, and 2015). Through the use of data from the Nation’s Report Card and the Arizona Department of Education, I sought to answer two key questions: (1) How do Arizona’s achievement scores pre-, during, and post-NCLB compare to other accountability types? and (2) In what way do Arizona school ratings vary during and after NCLB? By conducting a series of independent sample t-tests, I compared Arizona’s state scale scores to states with moderate accountability, and I compared school ratings under the accountability systems. These analyses reject the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference associated with school ratings under the two accountability systems, therefore supporting the prior stated claim. The results offer insight into Arizona’s accountability and are valuable for future evidence-based policymaking.
Insights to Improve Computer Science Education by Enhancing the Java Language and Tools
Authors: Pranav Eluri; Domingo David
Date: 02-28-2023

Java is the most well-known and widely used object-oriented programming language. It uses “objects” as instances of particular data types, or classes. While many computer science students who take Java programming beginner courses, such as AP Computer Science A and fundamental college Java coding courses, succeed in learning Java fundamentals, some aspects of Java make it less intuitive than other programming languages and more difficult to understand than necessary. The purpose of this study is to present eleven insights on how Java could be made more learner-friendly based on the author’s personal experience learning Java and analyze whether these eleven insights are consistently perceived as useful to current student learners and industry practitioners. A digital survey was conducted with individuals who are learning or have learned the language. Respondents were presented with questions and were instructed to choose the best answer to each question. The results from the survey indicated that four insights were perceived as useful and that there was no inherent preference for the remaining six insights. Further research must be conducted to fully understand the perception differences between new learners and experienced practitioners.
The Unique Stress Treatment of Martial Arts on the Adolescent Demographic
Authors: Elliott Lee; Jenny Ihn
Date: 02-28-2023

In the 21th century, the phenomenon of stress and mental fatigue is ever so common in the age group of adolescents and teens. At a crucial time in their lives and in their transition to adults, the coping strategies and methodology in which these young adults deal with stress is largely unpatterned and inconsistent. With the unique hurdles that adolescents experience in dealing with their future and academic challenges, the need for alternate treatment or therapy in the adolescent demographic is crucial in securing their physical and mental wellbeing. Martial arts can be used to treat this unique stress. The effects of martial arts on the general stress levels and mental states of a small group of experimental adolescents was observed through an experiment of 14 participants before and after a martial arts session in order to evaluate the effectiveness of such treatment based on correlations drawn from subcategories organized by ordered levels of anger management, levels of stress frequency, levels of martial arts experience, and levels of exercise frequency. Main findings of the trial include a general reduction in stress levels across all participants of the martial arts experience and encouragement of martial arts as a stress reducing platform. Further subcategories of the trial revealed additional traits of anger management on mental states and stress levels. Limitations include the experimental nature of the trial, limited exposure to various martial arts, and limited pool of participants or the diversity of the demographic studied.&nbsp;  &nbsp;
Saudi Israeli Relations: The Benefits and Implications of an Alliance
Authors: Amani Altaf; Steven David
Date: 02-28-2023

As the power dynamics in the Middle East change, with Iran gaining power and influence, relations between Saudi Arabia and Israel are changing as well. While previously in an antagonistic relationship, the two countries would benefit from developing an alliance. However, the cultural and social implications, especially in terms of Israel’s occupation of Jerusalem and the Islamic significance of the city, must be considered. Despite these reservations, an alliance could prove beneficial as Saudi Arabia could encourage and move forward with a peace process between Israel and Palestine. In addition, Israel could help improve Saudi Arabia’s defense against Iran – an issue important to both countries – and speed up the economic transformation currently taking place in the country as it moves away from dependence on oil. Given these benefits, and the likelihood that there will be little internal opposition to an alliance, the development of a relationship between Saudi Arabia and Israel would strengthen Saudi Arabia as a country and improve stability in the Middle Eastern region.
An Investigation of the Effects of the Ukraine War on Children’s Mental Health
Authors: Seung Hee Rhew; Christine Salerno
Date: 11-30-2022

Since the start of the Ukraine war, children that have fallen victim to the war have become a part of the “lost generation”. Many of them lost family members, educational opportunities, and their childhoods. After losing the most important aspects of lives, they only encountered more impediments: physical, mental, and moral injuries. In order to mitigate the destructive impacts of this war, charities are donating food, water, clothes, and money – basic necessities that humans need to survive. Although the Ukraine war has received global attention and countless charities and non-profit organizations have provided such tangible services, there are other significant issues regarding children’s mental health that are going unseen. Mental illnesses and psychological disorders have been more prevalent in children as a result of the war. Mental issues are much more impairing and serious than physical injuries.Yet, most of the focus is on the physical health of the victims. In conclusion, more humanitarian organizations must consider interventions that would relieve psychological distress and help the children overcome their hurdles.&nbsp;  &nbsp;&nbsp;
The Importance of Education on Bhutanese Refugees and their Personal Incomes
Authors: Arjun Kalyandurg; Olufemi Olaleye
Date: 11-30-2022

In this paper, I look to find the personal income rates of Bhutanese Refugees. I have been looking to find how variables like a refugee's educational attainment, poverty rate, and family situation affect how much money they make. Through the usage of Integrated Public Use Microdata Series(IPUMS) quantitative data, I took a sample of the specific year 2018 to visit the causation behind these variables and the result. An increase in the educational attainment of a Bhutanese Refugee will lead to an increase in their personal income and with a larger family, they will make more money. This means that the actions of the variables, whether they increase or decrease, have an effect on the personal income rates of a refugee.
Can Stress Cause Cancer?
Authors: TRISHA NATARAJ; Coach Jo
Date: 11-30-2022

Stress is how people react when they feel under pressure or threatened. Stress typically occurs when people are in a situation that they do not feel they can manage or control. Today, more than ever, people of all ages and backgrounds experience stress which can have many negative effects on the body. Stress’ effect on the body is harmful no matter what form it is in. However, the longer that stress is present in the body, the more harmful it becomes. Stress slowly weakens the immune system and the rest of the body’s systems in different ways making the body more susceptible to certain diseases. This paper uses research done on stress’ affect on the body and the health conditions people are more prone to develop if they are stressed, to identify if stress can cause someone to develop cancer. Along with this, the paper also uses research to describe the different effects the two different forms of stress have on the body and how chronic or long-term stress affects the body systems at a larger scale in comparison to acute or short-term stress. Using this paper one can conclude that stress alone cannot directly cause a person to develop cancer, however, stress weakens the immune system and negatively affects the body making a person more prone to developing cancer. The aim of this paper is to identify how stress’ affect on the body can lead to the development of cancer and cause cancer to spread in those with cancer.
Modeling piezoelectricity’s impact on environmental parameters with real-life applications
Authors: Sriram Seshadri, Armaan Sayyad
Date: 11-30-2022

With a rapid increase in the global human population in recent years, the Earth is in dire need of alternative energy sources. The objective of this paper is to assess the feasibility of implementing piezoelectricity as a primary source of renewable energy. Specifically, this paper looks at its consequent impact if introduced in 3 fundamental areas of implementation: bus tires, train tracks and railway stations. Each of these areas provide input elements at scale to generate electricity and are simple to implement, maintain and measure through government support.&nbsp; This paper limits the data to the city of Cairo, Egypt. Being low cost as well, the three areas come close to an ideal situation from an economic standpoint. Predictive algorithms and existing data are used to evaluate the consequent change in global green-house emissions and other environmental parameters, had piezoelectricity been previously implemented. The results of the equations show that there would be improved environmental conditions - thus, a net positive impact - that switching to piezoelectricity would have had on the atmosphere and environment. The predictions stay true, provided that the efficiency of the piezoelectric crystal remains constant- an outcome which serves to boost output and lower greenhouse emissions
A Comprehensive Modeling of Bioenhancers Docked to Transport Proteins to Enhance Bioavailability
Authors: Via Das, Destiny Pinto, Tejasvi Hariharan, Tanusree Banerjee, Riya Ubale, Avi Uppalapati; Gayathri Renganathan
Date: 11-30-2022

With pharmaceutical availability being a pertinent issue in modern medicine, the ability of bioenhancers to increase the bioavailability of a drug, thereby reducing the required dosage, can be critical for reducing treatment costs. Flavonoids, one form of bioenhancers, are metabolites that increase the availability through inhibition of key proteins in gut epithelial cells and transport proteins. Bioenhancers have the potential to inhibit proteins that limit absorption, thus increasing the amount of a target drug that can enter systemic circulation, increasing bioavailability. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the membrane transport proteins whose function is to transport drugs in and out of the cell. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in the human plasma, is a protein that serves to transport several signals and other compounds throughout the circulatory system. This study assessed the binding of various bioenhancers (piperine, quercetin, capsaicin, naringin, genistein, lysergol, sinomenine, tangeretin) to various forms of P-gp, HSA and ABC transporters to improve drug bioavailability. We hypothesized that the bioenhancers would bind to these transport proteins, thereby inhibiting them and increasing bioavailability.An examination of the geometric shape complementarity scores in PatchDock and the binding affinities (ΔG kcal/mol) from three other web servers (Webina, DockThor, CB-Dock) showed that naringin produces the most optimal binding scores overall. Given the promising optimal binding scores, the data provides critical insight into administering bioenhancers with drugs to improve bioavailability, as well as suggesting that naringin may be a valuable compound to conduct further tests in vitro and in vivo.
A Study on The Effect of Big Data Analytics on Product Innovation Performance
Authors: Chih-Hsuan Ashley Cheng, Millie Y.S. Hong; Colin C. J. Cheng
Date: 11-30-2022

Despite the rising interests in the use of big data analytics (BDA), it is unclear whether the use of BDA is beneficial to product innovation. Building on the Resource-Based View, this study aims to examine the relationship between BDA and product innovation performance. Conducting survey from 163 firms, this study provides compelling evidence indicating that the use of BDA has a significant positive impact on firms’ product innovation. This study discusses theoretical implications for advancing BDA research and suggests actionable steps for managers to get benefits from using BDA.
Exploring the connections between alcohol and chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Authors: Arnav Srivastava; Coach Jo
Date: 11-30-2022

In the world of hard-hitting sports, a deadly consequence has come up in the past years: chronic traumatic encephalopathy (commonly known as CTE). This brain condition has long eluded scientists attempting to find a treatment and the effects of it are some of the worst we have ever seen. Moreover, the appearance of the disease has only increased in occurrence over recent years. Football, hockey, and other physical sports continue to get more and more popular across the world and if treatment for CTE is not found promptly, the effect of the dangerous sports will be seen in the players’ brains like never before. CTE has claimed countless lives on the record and even more that have never quite been proven. However, though most believe the cause is the constant head trauma experienced by players, perhaps this mystery does not stop at just that. The specific causes of CTE and still not completely known, and this paper intends to answer that with at least one cause: alcohol. Alcohol has been a favorite among many players and its presence is undeniable in the sporting community. Its effects on the liver, kidney, and other organs are clear already, and perhaps after this research and more, its effects on the brain can become clearer as well. A connection between alcohol and CTE can be seen here in this research and this link can be built upon in efforts to create a treatment for the horrible disease, eventually hoping to render this issue nonexistent.
Biocrest: A novel, organic and sustainable alternative to traditional thermoplastic-based packaging
Authors: Shalav Kakati, Sriram Seshadri, Mithun Makam
Date: 11-30-2022

Plastic is handy as an industrial packaging material because it is mouldable, rigid yet flexible, durable, reusable, and cheaper than most alternatives, making it profitable to use. Although it has many advantages, its fair share of drawbacks, the most concerning being the amount of pollution it causes. Although plastics have been in use only since 1907, they have accumulated over time in astronomical quantities, destroying our environment. There are already some excellent sustainable packaging materials out on the market, but it still isn’t as mainstream as it needs to be to put a real dent into plastic pollution. Unless we can find ways to modify plastic to lessen its environmental impact, we must find sustainable packaging alternatives. Our project presents a novel solution to the pervasive plastic problem and sustainably looks into the issue. Our review showcases how materials such as seed extracts and natural binder extracts can be used to develop material that can serve as a potential replacement for the thermoplastic used presently.
The Phenomena of Using Adjectives as Verbs and Using Nouns as Adjectives in Chinese
Authors: Puyuan Ye; Deniz Satik
Date: 11-30-2022

In Chinese, adjectives are sometimes used as verbs and nouns are sometimes used as adjectives, especially online.&nbsp;Usually, although the word occupies only one part of speech, it may be used as another part of speech, which may violate the syntactical rules but make sense to most people. In this paper, various examples of these two phenomena will be closely examined, tests are implemented to verify the original part of speech of the exact word that is used as a different part of speech, and many observations are made.
A Exploratory data analysis to understand the causes of global warming and application of soft computing techniques to develop its forecasting model
Authors: Aarush Mahajan; Reetu jain
Date: 11-30-2022

Global warming (GW) is one of the major effects of human activity where excessive use of fossil fuels as energy sources has led to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as CO2, CH4, and water vapour, in the atmosphere one of the main reason to increase the average surface temperature. This study analyzes the time-series data to come to a rational conclusion about the role of GW in increasing sea-water level, the reason for the increase in GHG and the correlation of GHG to GW. In this direction time-series analysis is carried out on four different datasets. The first and second dataset comprises global temperature anomalies data and the cumulative changes in seawater level for the world’s oceans since 1880. The third and fourth dataset comprises the records of concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere since 1st AD and the last 4 ice age years respectively. Finally, forecasting models are developed based on Holt’s and SARIMA techniques to predict the global temperature anomaly, the concentration of GHGs and their correlation with GW. The developed models showed 74.6%, 94.5% and 95.7% accuracy in predicting temperature anomaly, CO2, and CH4&nbsp;concentration in the atmosphere respectively. The strength of the forecasting model is its ability to compute the critical values of the factors. Therefore, the forecasting models are applied to predict the year in which the critical values of the factors contributing to GW will be attained.
Factors Contributing to Youth’s Exposure to Mental Health Misinformation on TikTok During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jimin Lee
Date: 11-30-2022

There is an increasing number of youth having access to smartphones and technology, especially throughout the COVID-19 pandemic (McClain, 2022). Social media, such as TikTok, grew exponentially during the pandemic alongside increased postings of mental health content. As the majority of TikTok users are young people, this paper examines the question: “what factors have contributed most to the increase in the use of potentially misleading online mental health information among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic?”. Reviewing previous research, this paper mainly applies descriptive and evaluation analysis to study the factors that prompted youth to seek mental health information on TikTok. This paper argues that barriers to mental health care and isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic have led young people to turn to TikTok for mental health information, in turn leading to youth to be more exposed to misinformation. This paper calls for improvements in mental health care accessibility for youth and identifies the root causes of increased misinformation exposure on TikTok. The increased mental health discussions that took place through TikTok should continue but it is imperative to explore ways to prevent information from overflowing and being unreliable for the users.