ikatkov/journal-of-student-research-hs-articles huggingface dataset:
Public Opinion of WA Residents on Free-range Parenting and Its Legal Implications on Child Neglect
Authors: Ruoya Huang, Lauren Barry, Sam Niehl, Rielly Springer ; Elizabeth Mader, Tara Maloney
Date: 06-10-2022

Free-range parenting is the practice of giving children more freedom to act independently. However, in recent years, many proponents of this practice got into legal trouble or faced social criticism for being neglectful and were labeled as “bad parents.” Most of them are low-income families that cannot afford babysitters. Others are well-off parents that advocate for fostering independence. Nevertheless, their actions incurred various consequences due to their socioeconomic status as helicopter parenting becomes increasingly popular. The lack of specific laws to clarify the difference between neglectful parenting and free-range parenting cause poorer or uneducated parents to suffer from serious legal charges unjustly. Washington is among those states that have not updated its laws to keep up with the heated debate over parenting preference, so gathering input from WA residents on this topic is essential for highlighting the controversy and providing necessary insights into the social trend to inform the policymakers when evaluating and amending neglect laws. 222 WA residents were conveniently selected to answer a 30+ question survey over two months. This study found that younger generations, high-income parents, and people with higher education are more disapproving of free-range parenting. It was also found that average WA residents believe parents have the responsibility to always accompany children under 12 years old, presenting a more conservative/pro-helicopter parenting preference. The reasons behind the inclination were explored. Based on those results, the researchers discussed legal recommendations for the WA legislature to reduce ambiguity to better protect parental rights while sustainably alleviating child neglect.
Quantitative Comparison of a Hierarchy of Commonly Used Planetary Climate Energy Balance Models
Authors: Mihir Dasgupta; Joy Merwin Monteiro
Date: 06-10-2022

The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of the various simplifications inherent in commonly-used planetary energy balance climate models (EBMs). Specifically, we look at the zero-dimensional (0-d) radiative equilibrium model, the 1-d radiative equilibrium model, and the 1-d radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) model. Each of these models make fundamental steps towards a well-represented Earth system model, and make different simplifications and assumptions in the process. We seek to evaluate the effects these assumptions have on key thermal quantities of the system (OLR / outgoing longwave radiation, surface temperature, etc.). These evaluations lead us to identify contexts for each model wherein it remains a valid option to accurately replicate a system. The 0-d model fails to account for the greenhouse effect’s impact on energetics, thus predicting an erroneously-low surface temperature and low OLR. It instead requires an emissivity coefficient ~ 0.619 to balance OLR and temperature and model the Earth system. The 1-d radiative equilibrium model is a significant improvement on its predecessor, creating a stratospheric thermal profile reasonably similar to that of the Earth. The strong low-altitude temperature lapse rate and convective instability near the surface, however, slightly diminishes the validity of the low-level thermal profile – a drawback the RCE model appears to resolve with the addition of convective and boundary layer components. We conclude that the 0-d radiative equilibrium is best suited to isothermal atmospheres, the 1-d radiative equilibrium model to non-isothermal atmospheres where convection is suppressed, and the 1-d RCE model to convectively-active atmospheres.
Discovering B/T Cell-Cancer Antigen Affinity for Targeted Cancer Drug Therapy and Diagnosis Through Deep Neural Network Models
Authors: Aryansh Shrivastava; Vaishnavi Shrivastava
Date: 06-10-2022

Cancer, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, derives from an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a given part of the body. Targeted immunotherapy is a promising avenue of cancer treatments, galvanizing the body's own immune system to marshal B and T cells against abnormal cell growth, pathologically inhibiting antigen function and proliferation. In the current landscape of cancer immunotherapy, however, medicine industries are belabored with the need to use painstaking trial and error and numerous wet-lab investigations to test amino acid sequences' affinities to cancer antigens. Furthermore, most cancer antigens and the structures of their epitopes are unknown, and although most malignancies can be cured when diagnosed early, organ-specific assessments cannot be used for early-stage cancers. To bridge this gap, I innovate a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model pipeline, which analyzes the complex amino acid makeup of tumor infiltrating B/T cell receptors based on the relationships of biochemical properties among adjacent amino acids predictive of how these receptor polypeptides fold in three-dimensional space, computing high affinity amino acid sequences to revolutionize both targeted drug discovery and early diagnosis.
The Connection between COVID-19 Variants (Gamma and Delta Variant) and Demographics Using Python
Authors: Sneha Nangunoori; Rajagopal Appavu, Jothsna Kethar
Date: 06-10-2022

From schools shifting to virtual learning and offices promoting work from home, COVID-19 transformed the way the world functions. Like any other virus, the coronavirus has many variants. This research paper discusses the connection between two prominent variants: the Gamma variant and the Delta variant and certain demographic features like gender, age, and location. The method used in this research paper includes finding data from credible sites and other evidence and using python to extract the needed data to support theories. The theories stated in this research paper are not completely valid due to the lack of strong evidence. So, instead of concluding with a strong thesis, this research paper aims to motivate other researchers to delve even deeper into this topic. Basically, this study focuses on the importance of future research and acts as a stepping stone for other researchers who are interested in learning more about COVID-19 variants and their connection with different demographic features.&nbsp;
Manufacturing Firms Leaving China and Moving into Southeast Asia
Authors: Eudora Chi; Tim Cavnar
Date: 06-10-2022

Over the past twenty years, a growing number of manufacturing firms have left China. This paper explains the three principal reasons behind this exodus: disadvantages of Chinese manufacturing, US-China trade-war tariffs, and manufacturers’ emphasis on diversification. This study analyzes the current trend with an economic model to examine the relationship between manufacturing firms and the Southeast Asian host countries. As foreign direct investment (FDI) tends to shift from higher to lower-cost regions, manufacturing firms are now leaving China and moving into Southeast Asia. This paper also suggests the option of reshoring and manufacturers’ concerns about moving. This paper is useful for investors in the manufacturing industry.
Name and Personality: Is There a Similarity Between You And Others With The Same Name?
Authors: Michael Wang, Sophie
Date: 06-10-2022

Previously, researchers have determined that people tend to attribute certain personality traits with certain names. For this reason, we conducted a research study to determine whether or not a person’s name actually has an effect on their personality. We surveyed people with the given name “Ryan” and asked them to take the HEXACO personality trait, which tests for six traits: honesty, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. We averaged our sample’s results for each trait and compared them with the HEXACO medians for each trait in the general population. We hypothesized that if name indeed has an impact on personality, people with the same name would have distinctly disparate trait scores than the general population. We found that between our “Ryan” sample and the general population, there was a significant difference in scores for five of six personality traits. Compared to the general population, Ryans are more likely to be more honest, less emotional, less extraverted, more agreeable, and less conscientious. The sixth HEXACO trait, openness to experience, has no statistical significance. Because five of six traits had significance, we were able to conclude that names are likely to have an influence on personality traits.&nbsp;
Design of a Physical Therapy Device for Lower Leg Recovery
Authors: Ashna Khemani, Katie Hahm
Date: 06-10-2022

Currently, some physical therapy requires another person to assist in exercises that rehabilitate patients with leg injuries such as sprains and fractures. In this paper, we propose a device that can help strengthen muscles that have weakened due to injury without the help of another person. The device is portable and can be used in a home setting, and the amount of resistance it provides can be adjusted by the patient. We suggest a design that aids patients in lower leg rehabilitation and can adjust for the patient’s preference in exercise type and intensity.
Designing a Science-based Strategy to Prepare for the Next Pandemic
Authors: Ningrui Zhang; Reto Asmis, Mark Crowder
Date: 06-10-2022

  For the last nearly two years, the world and its peoples have been on edge, dealing with a pandemic that killed millions of people and altered forever the lives of many others. The COVID-19 pandemic is a once in a generation event that provides an opportunity, despite its horrible impact, for us to be better prepared for future pandemics. This aim of this work is to investigate strategies that were used to combat COVID-19 and develop improved ones that will mitigate both the spread and mortality of similar episodes for the next generation. A review of public health guidance and primary literature suggests many currently used strategies were effective, but additional strategies and guidance are proposed here. These proposed strategies will improve not only preparedness, but also the responses used to tackle and defeat the next COVID pandemic.
An Analysis of Gender Gap in Computer Science in High School
Authors: Kashika Mahajan; Gayathri Thirumalai
Date: 05-31-2022

Computer Science has been a male-dominated field even at its beginning, and it continues to be so. A distinct gap has developed between the number of women and men studying and working in Computer Science, commonly termed as the Gender Gap. Previous studies have uncovered this gap at its worst during college education, where women occupy a small fraction of the STEM-related classes. Surveys and data were taken from a high school to be analyzed. These provide insight into why female students are not as encouraged as their male counterparts regarding the subject. The results show that even at a stage as early as high school, differences in confidence, upbringing and exposure have often deterred female students from pursuing Computer Science. Contrary to the belief that due to the rising dependency on technology more women are pursuing Computer Science, a four-year plot shows that in high schools there is rather a widening gender gap.
The Effects of Social Isolation From The COVID-19 Lockdown on Social Anxiety in Individuals
Authors: Mina Kim; Dr. Barker
Date: 05-31-2022

As the world continues its second year of the COVID-19 pandemic with varying degrees of lockdown, not much is known yet about how the extended periods of social isolation have affected individuals. This study used an online survey of individuals with varying levels of social anxiety to find that social isolation from the COVID-19 lockdown exacerbated self-rated social anxiety severity in individuals and led to new problems such as feelings of depression, loneliness, and worse self-esteem. As individuals with social anxiety already struggle to or avoid seeking out help or treatment, these findings have concerning implications for the mental health treatment of individuals with social anxiety after the pandemic.
Predicting Whether Inflation Will Remain in the U.S. after the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alex Lee
Date: 05-31-2022

This paper focuses on the possibility of inflation occurring in the United States in the foreseeable future. Inflation, the progressive increase in the price of goods and services over time in an economy, is affected by demand and supply. If the demand for goods and services exceeds the supply of those goods and services, prices naturally increase and rise in inflation. While many have attempted to predict inflation through various methods, no one has been able to guarantee a result as demand and supply are unstable variables. However, using the vulnerable, weak covid environment, the relationship between the CPI (Consumer Price Index) and unemployment rates was used to assemble Philips Curves.&nbsp;
Mutations In Influenza Viruses and Prevention Against These Viruses
Authors: Rohit Rao; Rajagopal Appavu Appavu, Jothsna Kethar
Date: 05-31-2022

The flu originated in 1918 and started a pandemic that spread around the world, killing millions. Other than the current COVID-19 pandemic, the Flu Pandemic of the late 1910s and early 1920s has killed and infected more people than any other virus in modern world history. Since then, the flu has become a seasonal virus that has predictable times of infections. Due to modern medicine, most people are able to survive such infections, and continue on with their lives with little impact. However, as you might come to wonder either eventually or even right now, a person may be curious behind why such an “outdated virus” still continues to live on every winter season. This paper will research the mechanisms of such processes that allow these viruses to stay “alive” (because they technically are not a living thing) and prevent themselves from being eradicated by today’s medical technology. We also look into common and new preventions/ treatments that is/ can be used to eventually eradicate the flu.
The Willingness of Humans to Settle on Mars and the Factors that Affect It
Authors: Savyan Aggarwal; Himani Rathore
Date: 05-31-2022

The willingness of humans to go to Mars is one of the most important facets of a successful human colony on Martian soil and is also arguably the most neglected since even if all the technological and logistical issues of the mission were to be perfected, it would be meaningless if no one were willing to go to Mars. The aim of this study is to study people’s willingness to go to Mars, and the factors that affect it most, both positively and negatively. A pre-post study design with a survey was used for the primary data collection and analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively to derive conclusions from a total sample of 93 respondents. The results showed that the factors that most affected humans’ willingness to settle on Mars were the advancement of research and innovation and the impacts on their body as a result of radiation and microgravity, closely followed by quality of life. The findings of this research study can be utilised by firms or even states in the future to determine how to promote their Mars missions, even if they do not involve settlements.
A Meta-Analysis Evaluating the Performance of Machine Learning Models on Probability of Loan Default
Authors: Ely Hahami; Mr. Piper
Date: 05-31-2022

There has been a recent increase in the implementation of machine learning algorithms to predict the credit risk of prospective loan applicants. This meta-analysis aims to contribute to the small but growing research on the effects of algorithmic lending. Specifically, we compare the performance of the Logistic Regression (LR) model and Random Forest (RF) model in predicting loan default (PD). Using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve as a measure of aggregate machine learning model performance, we ultimately find convincing evidence that the RF model is more accurate than the logit model in PD (p-value=0.029, α = 0.01). These results have major implications for banks and financial firms as mortgage lending transitions into the FinTech era.&nbsp;
Examining the Connections between Personality and Group-Based Learning
Authors: Jonathan Huang; Hannah Dunn
Date: 05-31-2022

The most common interpretation of personality is a tripartite model: introversion, extroversion, and ambiversion. Personality styles can have an impact not only on how people develop relationships and pursue interests, but also how students operate in the classroom. Given that schools and teachers frequently require students to collaborate in group-based learning activities, it is crucial to consider how personality styles affect this process. In this cross-sectional research study, 14 high school participants responded to a questionnaire about personality type and group learning experiences. The questionnaire was designed with the goal of gathering experiences from high school students about group work and group-based learning in the classroom and personality styles. The results of the questionnaire showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the three personality styles. The results were also analyzed for themes to compare commonalities and differences in responses across personality styles. There was a relatively small sample size in the current study of 14 participants out of the 60 who were sent the questionnaire meaning this study might not have been able to fully capture the most accurate answer to the question of whether introverts work well while working in groups. Nonetheless, this study paves the way for further research on the topic of group-based learning and personality styles.
Navigating Desi American Cultural Identity
Authors: Chandha Dhinaker; Jim Haisler
Date: 05-31-2022

The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 began a major shift in US immigration patterns, with Indian immigration seeing a notable uptick in the late 1900s. As Indian immigrant populations began increasing in the United States, the predominantly Christian America began to increase tolerance towards religions previously viewed as “heathenistic” (i.e., Hinduism). Understanding the impact Asian-Indian immigrants have had on the cultural and religious landscape of the Western world is essential in order to conceptualize and navigate the true depth of South Asian cultural identities. Thus, it becomes crucial to acknowledge these cultural placements not as a haphazard assemblage of identities, but rather as a product of relationships with religion and the adoption of both ethnic and racial identifying terms. A more assiduous exploration of the comprehensive history of Hinduism in America and the discourse of social identity development as a Desi-American illuminates the dichotomous relationship between religion and socialization in the formation of cultural identity. For South Asian Americans especially, the contiguity of learned cultures, in addition to the cultural environment an individual is raised in plays a significant role in the construction of one’s identity. Consequently, the differences in identity development and perspectives between two Indian sub-groups in the US (first-generation/Indian-born; second-generation/American-born) can be understood by canvassing several socio-cultural factors of influence such as the level of interplay within culture and religion in the social landscape, availability and access to temples, nomenclature used for personal identification, and conformity to the “Model Minority” myth.
Based on the Different History of Feminism Movement, Different Gender Achieving the Workplace Equality is Easier in Huawei or Apple?
Authors: Yutong Yang; Maya Herzog
Date: 05-31-2022

In this paper, I try to compare which of Huawei and apple can achieve gender equality in the workplace in the future. First of all, I will briefly summarize the history of feminism in these two countries; Second, I will introduce why I want to compare the two companies and their current situation; Finally, based on these, I will draw a predictive conclusion.
Trends and Effects of Privatization on Universities in Canada
Authors: Marshal Wang; Helen Goldenz
Date: 05-31-2022

With the rise of privatization of universities across Canada in the last decade, it has become increasingly important to understand its impact on students both financially and on the universities themselves. While many previous papers analyze trends or the benefits/disadvantages of privatization of public education, this paper focuses on trends of funding sources in universities, in particular, government spending, student tuition, increased private donations, and student loans. Specifically, this paper will delve into the trends over time, particularly focusing on the recent last two decades.&nbsp;  The main conclusion to be reached by this paper is a look at privatization through the lens of a decrease in government spending and increased presence of corporate sponsorship, changes in tuition, and changes in overall student debt. Using data from public sources as well as past papers and analyzing these have led to several conclusions. Public spending has decreased through reduced government spending as a percentage of operating revenue. This in turn has led universities to increase the need for other sources of funding, more notably, through tuition and private donations from individuals or corporations. Both these sources have increased as a source of funding overtime. Moreso, while domestically tuition has grown at a more or less normal rate, international student tuition has skyrocketed. Next, it has been shown that increased tuition has direct effects on student debt which has also been shown to increase overtime. Lastly, private donations and non-governmental grants from both individuals and corporations have increased significantly.
Other-serving vs Self-serving Instructions in US College Commencement Speeches: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Isabel Trzeciak; Stephen Trzeciak
Date: 05-31-2022

INTRODUCTION: Research supports that serving others and practicing altruism is beneficial for one’s health, wellbeing, and success compared to solely serving oneself. However, it is unclear if this mindset is effectively communicated to young people, particularly college students. My objective was to perform a quantitative analysis of other-serving versus self-serving instructions in commencement speeches at graduation ceremonies of top-ranked U.S. colleges.  METHODS: I analyzed transcripts of commencement speeches at the 20 “Best Colleges” according to U.S. News and World Report rankings. Two trained independent raters coded each sentence of the speeches as either containing instruction (i.e., imperative/command sentence) versus no instruction. Next, the two raters classified each instruction as either (1) other-serving, (2) self-serving, or (3) neutral (serving neither). I tested inter-rater agreement using Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ), and resolved any disagreement by consensus with a third rater. I pooled the data and performed descriptive statistics with sensitivity analyses to ensure that a small proportion of speeches were not skewing results.  RESULTS: Inter-rater agreement was very good (κ &gt;0.85). Of 305 total instructions (mean 15/speech, range 2-44/speech), 148 were neutral. Of the 157 non-neutral instructions, 71 (45%) were other-serving and 86 (55%) were self-serving. Within individual speeches, there was wide variation in the proportion of other-serving versus self-serving instructions (range 0-100%); however, sensitivity analyses did not substantially affect results.  CONCLUSION: I found that other-serving and self-serving instructions were balanced in commencement speeches at top-ranked U.S. colleges. Additional research is needed to test the impact of these different messages on students.