# kdemodel properties #

![KDE Modeling node icon](https://dataplatform.cloud.ibm.com/docs/content/wsd/nodes/scripting_guide/clementine/images/pythonkdenodeicon.png)Kernel Density Estimation (KDE)© uses the Ball Tree or KD Tree algorithms for efficient queries, and combines concepts from unsupervised learning, feature engineering, and data modeling\. Neighbor\-based approaches such as KDE are some of the most popular and useful density estimation techniques\. The KDE Modeling and KDE Simulation nodes in SPSS Modeler expose the core features and commonly used parameters of the KDE library\. The nodes are implemented in Python\.

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kdemodel properties  

Table 1\. kdemodel properties

| `kdemodel` properties | Data type | Property description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| --------------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `custom_fields`       | *boolean* | This option tells the node to use field information specified here instead of that given in any upstream Type node(s)\. After selecting this option, specify the following fields as required\.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| `inputs`              | *field*   | List of the field names for input\.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| `bandwidth`           | *double*  | Default is `1`\.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| `kernel`              | *string*  | The kernel to use: `gaussian`, `tophat`, `epanechnikov`, `exponential`, `linear`, or `cosine`\. Default is `gaussian`\.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| `algorithm`           | *string*  | The tree algorithm to use: `kd_tree`, `ball_tree`, or `auto`\. Default is `auto`\.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| `metric`              | *string*  | The metric to use when calculating distance\. For the `kd_tree` algorithm, choose from: `Euclidean`, `Chebyshev`, `Cityblock`, `Minkowski`, `Manhattan`, `Infinity`, `P`, `L2`, or `L1`\. For the `ball_tree` algorithm, choose from: `Euclidian`, `Braycurtis`, `Chebyshev`, `Canberra`, `Cityblock`, `Dice`, `Hamming`, `Infinity`, `Jaccard`, `L1`, `L2`, `Minkowski`, `Matching`, `Manhattan`, `P`, `Rogersanimoto`, `Russellrao`, `Sokalmichener`, `Sokalsneath`, or `Kulsinski`\. Default is `Euclidean`\. |
| `atol`                | *float*   | The desired absolute tolerance of the result\. A larger tolerance will generally lead to faster execution\. Default is `0.0`\.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| `rtol`                | *float*   | The desired relative tolerance of the result\. A larger tolerance will generally lead to faster execution\. Default is `1E-8`\.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| `breadth_first`       | *boolean* | Set to `True` to use a breadth\-first approach\. Set to `False` to use a depth\-first approach\. Default is `True`\.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
| `leaf_size`           | *integer* | The leaf size of the underlying tree\. Default is `40`\. Changing this value may significantly impact the performance\.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| `p_value`             | *double*  | Specify the P Value to use if you're using `Minkowski` for the metric\. Default is `1.5`\.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| `custom_name`         |           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| `default_node_name`   |           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| `use_HPO`             |           |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |

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