Table:
text: Diamond simulant
Artificial simulants
Summary table
Material Formula Refractive_indexes_589_3_nm Dispersion_431_687_nm Hardness_Mohs_scale Density_g_cm3 Thermal_Cond_ State_of_the_art_
Diamond C 2.417 0.044 10 3.52 Excellent (Natural)
Glasses Silica with Pb, Al, &/or Tl ~ 1.6 > 0.020 < 6 2.4 – 4.2 Poor 1700 –
White Sapphire Al2O3 1.762 – 1.770 0.018 9 3.97 Poor 1900–1947
Spinel MgO·Al2O3 1.727 0.020 8 ~ 3.6 Poor 1920–1947
Rutile TiO2 2.62 – 2.9 0.33 ~ 6 4.25 Poor 1947–1955
Strontium titanate SrTiO3 2.41 0.19 5.5 5.13 Poor 1955–1970
YAG Y3Al5O12 1.83 0.028 8.25 4.55 – 4.65 Poor 1970–1975
GGG Gd3Ga5O12 1.97 0.045 7 7.02 Poor 1973–1975

Question: Which material has a dispersion of 0.018nm among diamond simulants?

Question: How hard is the diamond simulant?

Question: What is the difference between the hardness of a diamond and the hardness of a white sapphire in relation to diamonds?