Table:
text: Sotho verbs
Verbal derivatives
Verb derivations using the root 
  
 -qet- The traditional verb root used to demonstrate these derivations (and form their traditional names; by using the class 5 noun prefix 
 le- 
 and changing the final vowel to 
 -i 
 ) is 
 -ets- 
 (do, act, make). The problem with this root is that the 
 ts 
 consonant tends to greatly complicate the forms of the derivatives (due to 
 alveolarization 
 ), and it has been felt wise in this table to use a verb root with more neutral sounds. Note that the 
 e 
 in 
  
 -qet- regularly undergoes 
 vowel raising 
 when followed by certain vowels and consonants, but this is a simpler and more predictable phenomenon than the various complications brought on by the 
 ts 
 consonant. Compare this with the situation in 
 Arabic 
 where the verb فَعَلَ (Faʿala "he did") traditionally used to indicated the various verb forms often confuses non-native learners due to the 
 ʿAin 
 ع sound being confused with that of the 
 Hamza 
 ء that appears in some forms (such as the causative stem IV أَفْعَلََ 'Afʿala).
Type_ Suffix Valency_change Example Meaning
Simple -a 0 -qeta finish
Passive -wa –1 -qetwa be finished
Passive -uwa –1 -qetuwa be finished
Neutro-active -ahala intr. -qetahala finishable
Neutro-passive -eha intr. -qeteha finishable
Applied -ela +1 -qetela finished for
Causative -isa +1 -qetisa cause to finish
Intensive -isisa 0 -qetisisa finish intensely
Perfective -ella 0 -qetella finish completely
Reciprocal -ana –1 -qetana finish each other
Associative -ahana –1 -qetahana (be finished together)
Reversive -olla 0 -qetolla unfinish
Augmentative -olla 0 -qetolla (finish extensively)
Extensive -aka 0 -qetaka (finish repeatedly and extensively)
Diminutive (see text) 0 -qeta-qeta finish a little

text: Sotho verbs
Verbal derivatives
Verb derivations using the root 
  
 -qet- The traditional verb root used to demonstrate these derivations (and form their traditional names; by using the class 5 noun prefix 
 le- 
 and changing the final vowel to 
 -i 
 ) is 
 -ets- 
 (do, act, make). The problem with this root is that the 
 ts 
 consonant tends to greatly complicate the forms of the derivatives (due to 
 alveolarization 
 ), and it has been felt wise in this table to use a verb root with more neutral sounds. Note that the 
 e 
 in 
  
 -qet- regularly undergoes 
 vowel raising 
 when followed by certain vowels and consonants, but this is a simpler and more predictable phenomenon than the various complications brought on by the 
 ts 
 consonant. Compare this with the situation in 
 Arabic 
 where the verb فَعَلَ (Faʿala "he did") traditionally used to indicated the various verb forms often confuses non-native learners due to the 
 ʿAin 
 ع sound being confused with that of the 
 Hamza 
 ء that appears in some forms (such as the causative stem IV أَفْعَلََ 'Afʿala).
Type_ Suffix Valency_change Example Meaning
Positional (dead) -ama 0 ( -tsorama ) (squat)
Stative extensive (dead) -ala 0 ( -robala ) (sleep)
Contactive (dead) -ara 0 ( -fupara ) (clench the hand)

Question: What is the 0-intensity and valence change suffix for Sotho verbs?