Question: What Monarchy in the 16th century did the country which has the second most Turkish residents in their overall population belong to ?

text: Turkish population
Turkish diasporas -- Europe

The Turkish population refers to the number of ethnic Turkish people in the world. During the Seljuk (1037-1194) and Ottoman (1299-1923) eras ethnic Turks were settled across the lands conquered by the two empires. In particular, the Turkification of Anatolia (modern Turkey) was the result of the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 and the formation of the Sultanate of Rum. Thereafter, the Ottomans continued Turkish expansion throughout the regions around the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Consequently, today the Turkish people form a majority in Turkey and Northern Cyprus. There are also significant Turkish minorities who still live in the Balkans, the Caucasus, and the Levant, and North Africa. More recently, the Turkish people have emigrated from their traditional areas of settlement for various reasons, forming a large diaspora. From the mid-twentieth century onwards, unskilled workers from Turkey settled mainly in German and French speaking countries of Western Europe, in contrast, a brain drain of skilled workers from Turkey migrated mostly to North America. Moreover, ethnic Turks from other traditional areas of Turkish settlement have emigrated mostly due to political reasons. For example, the Meskhetian Turks were deported to Central Asia from Georgia in 1944; Turkish Cypriots have emigrated mostly as refugees to the English-speaking world during the Cyprus conflict and its immediate aftermath; Cretan Turks have significant populations in the Arab world as a result of being expelled from Greece; etc.
Country Official State census figures Other estimates Further information
Austria N/A . The Austrian census collects data on country of birth but does not collect data on ethnicity 350,000 -500,000 Turks in Austria
Azerbaijan 38,000 ( 2009 Azeri census ) 90,000-110,000 ( Meskhetian Turks only ) Turks in Azerbaijan
Belarus 55 ( 1989 Belarusian Census )
Belgium N/A . The Belgian census collects data on country of birth but does not collect data on ethnicity 200,000 to 250,000 Turks in Belgium
Czech Republic  1,700
Denmark N/A . The Danish census collects data on country of birth but does not collect data on ethnicity 70,000 80,000 Turks in Denmark
Estonia 544 ( 2011 Estonian census )
Finland  10,000 Turks in Finland
France N/A . The French census collects data on country of birth but does not collect data on ethnicity 800,000 - 1,000,000 plus thousands of Algerian Turks Turks in France
Germany N/A . The German census collects data on country of birth and citizenship but does not collect data on ethnicity 3,500,000 4,000,000 2,000 Turkish Cypriots Turks in Germany
Hungary 1,565 ( 2001 Hungarian census ) 2,500 Turks in Hungary
Iceland  68
Ireland N/A . The Irish census collects data on country of birth but does not collect data on ethnicity 3,000 Turks in Ireland
Italy N/A . The Italian census collects data on country of birth but does not collect data on ethnicity 30,000-40,000 ( excluding the Turkish minority in Moena ) Turks in Italy
Latvia  142 lv : Turki Latvijā
Liechtenstein  1,000 Turks in Liechtenstein
Lithuania  35
Luxembourg  450
Malta  53
Moldova   Turks in Moldova