Question: What people founded the National Historic Landmark in Elmore ?

text: List of National Historic Landmarks in Alabama
National Historic Landmarks

The National Historic Landmarks in Alabama represent Alabama's history from the precolonial era, through the Civil War, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Space Age. There are 38 National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) in Alabama, which are located in 18 of the state's 67 counties. Five of the NHLs in the state have military significance, eight are significant examples of a particular architectural style, six are archaeological sites, seven played a role in the African American struggle for civil rights, and five are associated with the development of the U.S. Space Program. One site in Alabama was designated a NHL, but the designation was subsequently removed. The National Historic Landmark program is administered by the National Park Service, a branch of the Department of the Interior. The National Park Service determines which properties meet NHL criteria and makes nomination recommendations after an owner notification process. The Secretary of the Interior reviews nominations and, based on a set of predetermined criteria, makes a decision on NHL designation or a determination of eligibility for designation. Both public and privately owned properties are designated as NHLs. This designation provides indirect, partial protection of the historic integrity of the properties, via tax incentives, grants, monitoring of threats, and other means. Owners may object to the nomination of the property as a NHL. When this is the case the Secretary of the Interior can only designate a site as eligible for designation. NHLs are also included on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), historic properties that the National Park Service deems to be worthy of preservation.
Landmark name Date designated Location County Description
1 USS Alabama ( battleship ) January 14 , 1986 ( # 86000083 ) Mobile 30°40′49″N 88°00′57″W / 30.6801903657°N 88.015810359°W / 30.6801903657 ; -88.015810359 ( USS Alabama ( battleship ) ) Mobile One of two surviving South Dakota -class battleships , Alabama was commissioned in 1942 and spent forty months in active service in World War II 's Pacific theater , earning nine battle stars over twenty-six engagements with the Japanese
2 Apalachicola Fort July 19 , 1964 ( # 66000931 ) Holy Trinity 32°10′17″N 85°07′49″W / 32.17134°N 85.13023°W / 32.17134 ; -85.13023 ( Apalachicola Fort ) Russell Spain established this wattle and daub blockhouse on the Chattahoochee River in 1690 , attempting to maintain influence among the Lower Creek Indians . It was used for one year , and destroyed by the Spanish when they abandoned it
3 Barton Hall November 7 , 1973 ( # 73000337 ) Cherokee 34°45′03″N 88°00′12″W / 34.7507218719°N 88.0033412413°W / 34.7507218719 ; -88.0033412413 ( Barton Hall ) Colbert This structure , built in 1840 , is described by the National Park Service as an unusually sophisticated Greek Revival style plantation house . The interior contains a stairway that ascends in a series of double flights and bridge-like landings to an observatory on the rooftop that offers views of the plantation
4 Bethel Baptist Church , Parsonage , and Guard House April 5 , 2005 ( # 05000455 ) Birmingham 33°33′07″N 86°48′07″W / 33.551806°N 86.802028°W / 33.551806 ; -86.802028 ( Bethel Baptist Church , Parsonage , and Guard House ) Jefferson This church served as the headquarters for the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights , an organization active in the Civil Rights Movement , from 1956 to 1961 . It focused on legal and nonviolent direct action against segregated accommodations , transportation , schools and employment discrimination
5 Bottle Creek Site April 19 , 1994 ( # 74000398 ) Stockton 30°59′44″N 87°56′16″W / 30.995555555555555°N 87.9376388888889°W / 30.995555555555555 ; -87.9376388888889 ( Bottle Creek Site ) Baldwin This archaeological site contains eighteen mounds from the Mississippian cultural period . Located on Mound Island within the Mobile - Tensaw river delta , the site was occupied between AD 1250 and 1550 . Scholars believe that it functioned as a social , political , religious , and trade center for the Mobile Delta region and the central Gulf Coast
6 Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church December 12 , 1997 ( # 82002009 ) Selma 32°24′43″N 87°00′58″W / 32.411869°N 87.016053°W / 32.411869 ; -87.016053 ( Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church ) Dallas This church was a starting point for the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965 , and it played a major role in the events that led to the adoption of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 . The national reaction to Selma 's Bloody Sunday March is widely credited with making the passage of the Voting Rights Act politically viable in the United States Congress
7 City Hall November 7 , 1973 ( # 69000034 ) Mobile 30°41′24″N 88°02′24″W / 30.689979°N 88.040106°W / 30.689979 ; -88.040106 ( City Hall ) Mobile The Italianate style Old City Hall and Southern Market in Mobile was completed in 1857 . This building exemplifies the 19th-century American trend toward structures that served multiple civic functions
8 Henry D. Clayton House December 8 , 1976 ( # 76002259 ) Clayton 31°51′56″N 85°27′09″W / 31.86561111111111°N 85.45236111111112°W / 31.86561111111111 ; -85.45236111111112 ( Henry D. Clayton House ) Barbour This was the home of antitrust legislator Henry De Lamar Clayton , Jr . He was the author of the Clayton Antitrust Act , an act that prohibited particular types of conduct that were deemed to not be in the best interest of a competitive market . He was appointed as a Federal District Judge in 1914 , and became recognized as an advocate for judicial reform
9 J.L.M . Curry Home December 21 , 1965 ( # 66000154 ) Talladega 33°27′21″N 86°02′40″W / 33.45583333333334°N 86.04444444444444°W / 33.45583333333334 ; -86.04444444444444 ( J.L.M . Curry Home ) Talladega This was the home of educator Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry . He played a large role in the expansion and improvement of the public school system and the establishment of training schools for teachers throughout the South
10 Dexter Avenue Baptist Church May 30 , 1974 ( # 74000431 ) Montgomery 32°22′39″N 86°18′11″W / 32.377473°N 86.303146°W / 32.377473 ; -86.303146 ( Dexter Avenue Baptist Church ) Montgomery Martin Luther King , Jr. was the pastor of this church from 1954 to 1960 . The Montgomery Improvement Association , which was headed by Dr. King , had its headquarters in the church and organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott from this site in 1955
11 USS Drum ( submarine ) January 14 , 1986 ( # 86000086 ) Mobile 30°40′44″N 88°01′00″W / 30.678830496°N 88.0166312697°W / 30.678830496 ; -88.0166312697 ( USS Drum ( submarine ) ) Mobile Launched on May 12 , 1941 , this was the first of the Gato -class submarines completed before World War II . It represents what was the standard design for American fleet submarines at the beginning of that war . The USS Drum sank fifteen Japanese ships and earned twelve battle stars
12 Episcopal Church of the Nativity June 21 , 1990 ( # 74000420 ) Huntsville 34°43′49″N 86°35′03″W / 34.730189°N 86.584050°W / 34.730189 ; -86.584050 ( Episcopal Church of the Nativity ) Madison This Gothic Revival church was built in 1859 , and is considered by the National Park Service as one of the most pristine examples of Ecclesiastical Gothic architecture in the South . It is also one of the least-altered structures designed by architect Frank Wills
13 First Confederate Capitol December 19 , 1960 ( # 66000152 ) Montgomery 32°22′33″N 86°18′03″W / 32.3757427702°N 86.3009395655°W / 32.3757427702 ; -86.3009395655 ( First Confederate Capitol ) Montgomery Delegates from six seceding Southern states met here on February 4 , 1861 . On February 8 , they adopted a Constitution for the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America . Jefferson Davis was inaugurated on the west portico on February 18 . The Congress of the Confederate States met here until May 22 , 1861 , when the capital moved to Richmond , Virginia
14 Fort Mitchell Site June 21 , 1990 ( # 72000178 ) Fort Mitchell 32°21′07″N 85°01′18″W / 32.35194444444445°N 85.02166666666666°W / 32.35194444444445 ; -85.02166666666666 ( Fort Mitchell Site ) Russell Fort Mitchell represents three periods of interaction with Native Americans . The first period is the martial aspect of Manifest Destiny , when the Creek Indian Nation was defeated and forced to concede land . ; the second represents the Indian Factory ; the last concerns U.S. government attempts to honor treaty obligations
15 Fort Morgan December 19 , 1960 ( # 66000146 ) Gasque 30°13′41″N 88°01′23″W / 30.228055555555553°N 88.02305555555556°W / 30.228055555555553 ; -88.02305555555556 ( Fort Morgan ) Baldwin Fort Morgan was completed in 1834 and was used by Confederate forces during the Battle of Mobile Bay . This battle resulted in the Union Navy 's Admiral David Farragut taking Mobile Bay and sealing off the Port of Mobile to Confederate shipping
16 Fort Toulouse Site-Fort Jackson October 9 , 1960 ( # 66000148 ) Wetumpka 32°30′24″N 86°15′06″W / 32.506619°N 86.251569°W / 32.506619 ; -86.251569 ( Fort Toulouse Site-Fort Jackson ) Elmore Fort Toulouse served as the easternmost outpost of colonial French Louisiana . It was established in 1717 at the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers , and was abandoned in 1763 , after the Treaty of Paris . Andrew Jackson reestablished a fort here in 1814 following his defeat of the Creek Nation at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend
17 Foster Auditorium April 5 , 2005 ( # 05000457 ) Tuscaloosa 33°12′28″N 87°32′38″W / 33.20777777777778°N 87.54388888888889°W / 33.20777777777778 ; -87.54388888888889 ( Foster Auditorium ) Tuscaloosa The Alabama National Guard , Federal marshals , and U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach escorted Vivian Malone past Alabama governor George C. Wallace during his infamous Stand In The Schoolhouse Door in front of this building in 1963 . This was the first step in desegregating the University of Alabama and is seen as an important event in the Civil Rights Movement
18 Gaineswood November 7 , 1973 ( # 72000167 ) Demopolis 32°30′31″N 87°50′07″W / 32.508726°N 87.835239°W / 32.508726 ; -87.835239 ( Gaineswood ) Marengo This Greek Revival mansion was designated a NHL because it is considered one of the most unusual examples of that architectural style in the United States . It was built over the course of eighteen years by amateur architect and planter Nathan Bryan Whitfield . It is one of the few Greek Revival homes that features the Doric , Ionic , and Corinthian orders of architecture
19 Government Street Presbyterian Church October 5 , 1992 ( # 92001885 ) Mobile 30°41′21″N 88°02′39″W / 30.689153°N 88.044151°W / 30.689153 ; -88.044151 ( Government Street Presbyterian Church ) Mobile This church was built in 1836 and is one of the oldest and least-altered Greek Revival church buildings in the United States . The architectural design is by James Gallier , James Dakin , and Charles Dakin
20 Ivy Green March 31 , 1992 ( # 70000101 ) Tuscumbia 34°44′22″N 87°42′24″W / 34.739444444444445°N 87.70666666666666°W / 34.739444444444445 ; -87.70666666666666 ( Ivy Green ) Colbert This site is where deaf and blind Helen Keller was born and learned to communicate , with the aid of her teacher and constant companion , Anne Sullivan