Question: Which past age did humans first settle the population decline country with an estimated 2020 population of 3,280,819 ?

text: Population decline
Contemporary decline by country
The table below shows that a number of countries are declining in population , in particular Puerto Rico , Latvia , Lithuania and Venezuela . The term population used here is based on the de facto definition of population , which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship , except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum , who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin . This means that population growth in this table includes net changes from immigration and emigration . For a table of natural population changes , see list of countries by natural increase .
A population decline (or depopulation) in humans is a reduction in a human population caused by events such as long-term demographic trends, as in sub-replacement fertility, emigration, for example as a result of economic recession, urban decay, rural flight, food resource decline or high death rates due to violence, disease, or other catastrophes. Depopulation in humans can be largely beneficial for a region, allocating more resources with less or no competition for the new population. In addition to exempting the disadvantages of overpopulation, such as increased traffic, pollution, real estate prices, environmental destruction, etc. Per-capita wealth may increase in depopulation scenarios, in addition to improvement of environmental quality-of-life indicators such as improved air and water quality, reforestation, return of native species and mangroves, reduction of carbon emissions, etc. The accompanying benefits of depopulation have been termed shrink and prosper, with benefits being similar to the post-Civil War Gilded Age, post-World War I economic boom, and the post-World War II economic boom.
Country Population estimate ( 1 July 2020 ) Avg annual rate of population change (% ) 2015-2020 Notes
Albania 2,877,797 −0.09 low birth rate , emigration
Belarus 9,449,323 +0.02 low birth rate , emigration , population increased in 2014 due to positive net migration rate following war in Ukraine due to refugee flow
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3,280,819 −0.89 low birth rate , emigration , Bosnian War
Bulgaria 6,948,445 −0.71 low birth rate , high death rate , high rate of abortions , population is old , emigration , a relatively high level of emigration of young people and a low level of immigration and lack of good policies encouraging parents
Croatia 4,105,267 −0.61 low birth rate , population is old , emigration , War in Croatia , difference in statistical methods
Estonia 1,326,535 +0.17 low birth rate , emigration
Germany 83,783,942 +0.48 low birth rate , population is old , population increased since 2013 due to positive net migration rate following civil war in Syria due to refugee flow
Georgia 3,989,167 −0.18 ( figure includes Abkhazia and South Ossetia ) high death rate , declining births , high rate of abortions , emigration and a low level of immigration
Greece 10,423,054 −0.45 low birth rate , economic crisis , emigration , population is old
Hungary 9,660,351 −0.24 low birth rate , emigration
Italy 60,461,826 −0.04 low birth rate , economic crisis , population is old , population increased in 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 due to positive net migration rate
Japan 126,476,461 −0.24 low birth rate , population is old and a low level of immigration
Latvia 1,886,198 −1.15 low birth rate , emigration
Lithuania 2,722,289 −1.48 high death rate , low birth rate , emigration
Moldova 4,033,963 −0.18 ( includes the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic ) low birth rate , emigration
Poland 37,846,611 −0.10 low birth rate , emigration
Portugal 10,196,709 −0.33 low birth rate , population is old , economic crisis , emigration
Puerto Rico 2,860,853 −3.34 low birth rate , population is old , economic crisis , emigration to the U.S. mainland , effects of Hurricane Maria
Romania 19,237,691 −0.70 low birth rate , high death rate , high rate of abortion , emigration , population is old
Russia 145,934,462 +0.13 high death rate , low birth rate , high rate of abortions , emigration and a low level of immigration until recently Population increased slightly since 2014 due to positive natural change and positive net migration rate