Question: What nationality was the 1984 winner of the Turner Prize ?

text: List of Turner Prize winners and nominees
Winners and shortlisted artists

The Turner Prize is an annual prize presented to a British visual artist, organised by the Tate Gallery. Named after the painter J. M. W. Turner, it was first presented in 1984, and is one of the United Kingdom's most prestigious, but controversial, art awards. Initially, the prize was awarded to the individual who had made the greatest contribution to art in Britain in the previous twelve months, but it now celebrates a British artist under fifty for an outstanding exhibition or other presentation of their work in the twelve months preceding. The winner is chosen by a panel of four independent judges invited by the Tate and chaired by the director of Tate Britain. The prize is accompanied by a monetary award of £25,000, although the amount has varied depending on the sponsor. For example, between 2004 and 2007, while sponsored by Gordon's, the total prize fund was £40,000; £25,000 was awarded to the winner and £5,000 to the losing nominees. A shortlist of finalists is drawn up and usually published about six months before the prize is awarded in November or December each year, although shortlists were not made public in 1988 and 1990; in 1989, a list of seven commended artists was published. Controversy surrounded the presentation of the inaugural prize to Malcolm Morley as some critics questioned his relevance to art in Britain; he had lived and worked in the United States for the previous 20 years. Since its inception, the prize itself has received considerable criticism. In 2002, after Culture Minister Kim Howells described the Turner Prize as conceptual bullshit, Prince Charles wrote a letter of support to him, stating It has contaminated the art establishment for so long. Since 2000, the Stuckists art group have protested against the prize; in 2008, they gave out leaflets with the message The Turner Prize is Crap, to protest at the lack of figurative paintings amongst the nominees' exhibitions. Considerable media pressure is applied to nominees and winners of the Turner Prize.
Year Winner Format Nominees Notes
1984 Malcolm Morley Painting Richard Deacon Gilbert and George Howard Hodgkin Richard Long Inaugural prize winner , awarded £10,000
1985 Howard Hodgkin Painting , printing Terry Atkinson Tony Cragg Ian Hamilton Finlay Milena Kalinovska John Walker -
1986 Gilbert and George Photomontage Art & Language Victor Burgin Derek Jarman Stephen McKenna Bill Woodrow Nicholas Serota ( pictured ) , Matthew Collings and Robin Klassnik were all commended . Gilbert and George were nominees in 1984
1987 Richard Deacon Sculpture Patrick Caulfield Helen Chadwick Richard Long Declan McGonagle Thérèse Oulton Richard Long was also a nominee in 1984
1988 Tony Cragg Sculpture Lucian Freud Richard Hamilton Richard Long David Mach Boyd Webb Alison Wilding Richard Wilson Richard Long was also a nominee in 1984 and 1987
1989 Richard Long Sculpture Gillian Ayres Lucian Freud Giuseppe Penone Paula Rego Sean Scully Richard Wilson There was no shortlist , but the losing nominees were commended . Lucian Freud and Richard Wilson were nominees in 1988
1990 - - - Prize suspended due to lack of sponsor following the bankruptcy of Drexel Burnham Lambert
1991 Anish Kapoor Sculpture Ian Davenport Fiona Rae Rachel Whiteread Prize was increased to £20,000 with sponsorship from Channel 4
1992 Grenville Davey Sculpture Damien Hirst David Tremlett Alison Wilding -
1993 Rachel Whiteread Sculpture Hannah Collins Vong Phaophanit Sean Scully First female winner ; also won the £40,000 K Foundation art award presented to the worst artist of the year
1994 Antony Gormley Sculpture Willie Doherty Peter Doig Shirazeh Houshiary -
1995 Damien Hirst Installation , painting Mona Hatoum Callum Innes Mark Wallinger Damien Hirst : his exhibit included a bisected cow and calf in formaldehyde in a vitrine - Mother and Child Divided . He was a nominee in 1992
1996 Douglas Gordon Video Craigie Horsfield Gary Hume Simon Patterson Douglas Gordon was the first winner to be based outside of London and also the first artist to win the prize with a moving image work
1997 Gillian Wearing Video Christine Borland Angela Bulloch Cornelia Parker The first all-female shortlist
1998 Chris Ofili Multi-layered painting Tacita Dean Cathy de Monchaux Sam Taylor-Wood -
1999 Steve McQueen Video Tracey Emin Steven Pippin Jane and Louise Wilson Tracey Emin exhibited her bed , titled My Bed
2000 Wolfgang Tillmans Photography Glenn Brown Michael Raedecker Tomoko Takahashi Wolfgang Tillmans is German , but is based in London
2001 Martin Creed Installation Richard Billingham Isaac Julien Mike Nelson The prize was presented by Madonna
2002 Keith Tyson Installation , painting Fiona Banner Liam Gillick Catherine Yass The prize was presented by architect Daniel Libeskind
2003 Grayson Perry Pottery Jake and Dinos Chapman Willie Doherty Anya Gallaccio Grayson Perry , a transvestite , accepted the prize wearing a dress . The prize was presented by Sir Peter Blake