George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2024

Bill: 118-s-4991
Sponsor: full_name: Sen. Booker, Cory A. [D-NJ]
Introduced: 2024-08-01
Policy area: Crime and Law Enforcement
Latest action: action_date: 2024-08-01
text: Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Summaries:

tv_txt: II 118th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 4991 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES August 1, 2024 Mr. Booker (for himself, Mr. Durbin , Mr. Warnock , Mr. Padilla , Mr. Markey , Ms. Butler , Ms. Duckworth , and Ms. Hirono ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary A BILL To hold law enforcement accountable for misconduct in court, improve transparency through data collection, and reform police training and policies.

1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2024 . (b) Table of contents The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. TITLE I—Police Accountability Subtitle A—Holding Police Accountable in the Courts Sec. 101. Deprivation of rights under color of law. Sec. 102. Qualified immunity reform. Sec. 103. Pattern and practice investigations. Sec. 104. Independent investigations. Subtitle B—Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act Sec. 111. Short title. Sec. 112. Definitions. Sec. 113. Accreditation of law enforcement agencies. Sec. 114. Law enforcement grants. Sec. 115. Attorney General to conduct study. Sec. 116. Authorization of appropriations. Sec. 117. National Task Force on Law Enforcement Oversight. Sec. 118. Federal data collection on law enforcement practices. TITLE II—Policing Transparency Through Data Subtitle A—National Police Misconduct Registry Sec. 201. Misconduct and decertification reporting. Sec. 202. Certification requirements for hiring of law enforcement officers. Sec. 203. Law enforcement hiring accountability. Subtitle B—PRIDE Act Sec. 221. Short title. Sec. 222. Definitions. Sec. 223. Use of force reporting. Sec. 224. Use of force data reporting. Sec. 225. Compliance with reporting requirements. Sec. 226. Federal law enforcement reporting. Sec. 227. Authorization of appropriations. TITLE III—Improving Police Training and Policies Subtitle A—End Racial and Religious Profiling Act Sec. 301. Short title. Sec. 302. Definitions. Part I—Prohibition of Racial Profiling Sec. 311. Prohibition. Sec. 312. Enforcement. Part II—Programs To Eliminate Racial Profiling By Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Sec. 321. Policies to eliminate racial profiling. Part III—Programs To Eliminate Racial Profiling By State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies Sec. 331. Policies required for grants. Sec. 332. Involvement of Attorney General. Sec. 333. Data collection demonstration project. Sec. 334. Development of best practices. Sec. 335. Authorization of appropriations. Part IV—Data Collection Sec. 341. Attorney General to issue regulations. Sec. 342. Publication of data. Sec. 343. Limitations on publication of data. Part V—Department of Justice Regulations and Reports on Racial Profiling in the United States Sec. 351. Attorney General to issue regulations and reports. Subtitle B—Additional Reforms Sec. 361. Training on racial bias and duty to intervene. Sec. 362. Ban on no-knock warrants in drug cases. Sec. 363. Incentivizing banning of chokeholds and carotid holds. Sec. 364. PEACE Act. Sec. 365. Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act. Sec. 366. Public safety innovation grants. Subtitle C—Law Enforcement Body Cameras Part I—Federal Police Camera and Accountability Act Sec. 371. Short title. Sec. 372. Requirements for Federal law enforcement officers regarding the use of body cameras. Sec. 373. Patrol vehicles with in-car video recording cameras. Sec. 374. Facial recognition technology. Sec. 375. GAO study. Sec. 376. Regulations. Sec. 377. Rule of construction. Part II—Police CAMERA Act Sec. 381. Short title. Sec. 382. Law enforcement body-worn camera requirements. TITLE IV—Closing the Law Enforcement Consent Loophole Sec. 401. Short title. Sec. 402. Prohibition on engaging in sexual acts while acting under color of law. Sec. 403. Enactment of laws penalizing engaging in sexual acts while acting under color of law. Sec. 404. Reports to Congress. Sec. 405. Definition. TITLE V—Miscellaneous Provisions Sec. 501. Severability. Sec. 502. Savings clause. 2. Definitions In this Act: (1) Byrne grant program The term Byrne grant program means any grant program under subpart 1 of part E of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10151 et seq. ), without regard to whether the funds are characterized as being made available under the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Programs, the Local Government Law Enforcement Block Grants Program, the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program, or otherwise. (2) COPS grant program The term COPS grant program means the grant program authorized under section 1701 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10381 ). (3) Federal law enforcement agency The term Federal law enforcement agency means any agency of the United States authorized to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, investigation, or prosecution of any violation of Federal criminal law. (4) Federal law enforcement officer The term Federal law enforcement officer has the meaning given the term in section 115 of title 18, United States Code. (5) Indian Tribe The term Indian Tribe has the meaning given the term Indian tribe in section 901 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10251 ). (6) Local law enforcement officer The term local law enforcement officer means any officer, agent, or employee of a State or unit of local government authorized by law or by a government agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, or investigation of any violation of criminal law. (7) State The term State has the meaning given the term in section 901 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10251 ). (8) Tribal law enforcement officer The term Tribal law enforcement officer means any officer, agent, or employee of an Indian Tribe, or the Bureau of Indian Affairs, authorized by law or by a government agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, or investigation of any violation of criminal law. (9) Unit of local government The term unit of local government has the meaning given the term in section 901 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10251 ). (10) Deadly force The term deadly force means that force which a reasonable person would consider likely to cause death or serious bodily harm, including— (A) the discharge of a firearm; (B) a maneuver that restricts blood or oxygen flow to the brain, including chokeholds, strangleholds, neck restraints, neckholds, and carotid artery restraints; and (C) multiple discharges of an electronic control weapon. (11) Use of force The term use of force includes— (A) the use of a firearm, electronic control weapon, explosive device, chemical agent (such as pepper spray), baton, impact projectile, blunt instrument, hand, fist, foot, canine, or vehicle against an individual; (B) the use of a weapon, including a personal body weapon, chemical agent, impact weapon, extended range impact weapon, sonic weapon, sensory weapon, conducted energy device, or firearm, against an individual; or (C) any intentional pointing of a firearm at an individual. (12) Less lethal force The term less lethal force means any degree of force that is not likely to cause death or serious bodily injury. (13) Facial recognition The term facial recognition means an automated or semiautomated process that analyzes biometric data of an individual from video footage to identify or assist in identifying an individual. I Police Accountability A Holding Police Accountable in the Courts 101. Deprivation of rights under color of law Section 242 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) by striking willfully and inserting knowingly or recklessly ; (2) by striking , or may be sentenced to death ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: For purposes of this section, an act shall be considered to have resulted in death if the act was a substantial factor contributing to the death of the person. . 102. Qualified immunity reform Section 1979 of the Revised Statutes of the United States ( 42 U.S.C. 1983 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: It shall not be a defense or immunity in any action brought under this section against a local law enforcement officer (as such term is defined in section 2 of the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2024), or in any action under any source of law against a Federal investigative or law enforcement officer (as such term is defined in section 2680(h) of title 28, United States Code), that— (1) the defendant was acting in good faith, or that the defendant believed, reasonably or otherwise, that his or her conduct was lawful at the time when the conduct was committed; or (2) the rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws were not clearly established at the time of their deprivation by the defendant, or that at such time, the state of the law was otherwise such that the defendant could not reasonably have been expected to know whether his or her conduct was lawful. . 103. Pattern and practice investigations (a) Subpoena authority Section 210401 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 ( 34 U.S.C. 12601 ) is amended— (1) in subsection (a), by inserting , by prosecutors, after conduct by law enforcement officers ; (2) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (1) and inserting subsection (a) ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (c) Subpoena authority In carrying out the authority in subsection (b), the Attorney General may require by subpoena the production of all information, documents, reports, answers, records, accounts, papers, and other data in any medium (including electronically stored information), as well as any tangible thing and documentary evidence, and the attendance and testimony of witnesses necessary in the performance of the Attorney General under subsection (b). Such a subpoena, in the case of contumacy or refusal to obey, shall be enforceable by order of any appropriate district court of the United States. . (b) Grant program (1) Grants authorized The Attorney General may award a grant to a State to assist the State in conducting pattern and practice investigations at the State level. (2) Application A State seeking a grant under paragraph (1) shall submit an application in such form, at such time, and containing such information as the Attorney General may require. (3) Funding There are authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 to the Attorney General for each of fiscal years 2025 through 2027 to carry out this subsection. 104. Independent investigations (a) In general (1) Definitions In this subsection: (A) Independent investigation The term independent investigation means a criminal investigation or prosecution of a law enforcement officer’s use of deadly force, including one or more of the following: (i) Using an agency or civilian review board that investigates and independently reviews all allegations of use of deadly force made against law enforcement officers in the jurisdiction. (ii) Assigning of the attorney general of the State in which the alleged use of deadly force was committed to conduct the criminal investigation and prosecution. (iii) Adopting a procedure under which an independent prosecutor is assigned to investigate and prosecute the case, including a procedure under which an automatic referral is made to an independent prosecutor appointed and overseen by the attorney general of the State in which the alleged use of deadly force was committed. (iv) Adopting a procedure under which an independent prosecutor is assigned to investigate and prosecute the case. (v) Having law enforcement agencies agree to and implement memoranda of understanding with other law enforcement agencies under which the other law enforcement agencies— (I) shall conduct the criminal investigation into the alleged use of deadly force; and (II) upon conclusion of the criminal investigation, shall file a report with the attorney general of the State containing a determination regarding whether— (aa) the use of deadly force was appropriate; and (bb) any action should be taken by the attorney general of the State. (vi) Any substantially similar procedure to ensure impartiality in the investigation or prosecution. (B) Independent investigation of law enforcement statute The term independent investigation of law enforcement statute means a statute requiring an independent investigation in a criminal matter in which— (i) a law enforcement officer was involved; (ii) one or more of the alleged offenses involves the law enforcement officer’s use of deadly force in the course of carrying out that officer’s duty; and (iii) the non-Federal law enforcement officer’s use of deadly force resulted in a death or injury. (C) Independent prosecutor The term independent prosecutor means, with respect to a criminal investigation or prosecution of a law enforcement officer’s use of deadly force, a prosecutor who— (i) does not oversee or regularly rely on the law enforcement agency by which the law enforcement officer under investigation is employed; and (ii) would not be involved in the prosecution in the ordinary course of that prosecutor’s duties. (2) Grant program The Attorney General may award grants to eligible States and Indian Tribes to assist in implementing an independent investigation of law enforcement statute. (3) Eligibility To be eligible for a grant under this subsection, a State, Indian Tribe, or unit of local law enforcement shall have in effect an independent investigation of law enforcement statute. (4) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General $750,000,000 for fiscal years 2025 through 2027 to carry out this subsection. (b) COPS grant program used for civilian review boards Part Q of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10381 et seq. ) is amended— (1) in section 1701(b) ( 34 U.S.C. 10381(b) )— (A) by redesignating paragraphs (23) and (24) as paragraphs (24) and (25), respectively; (B) in paragraph (24), as so redesignated, by striking (22) and inserting (23) ; and (C) by inserting after paragraph (22) the following: (23) to develop best practices for and to create civilian review boards; ; and (2) in section 1709 ( 34 U.S.C. 10389 ), by adding at the end the following: (8) civilian review board means an administrative entity that investigates civilian complaints against law enforcement officers and— (A) is independent and adequately funded; (B) has investigatory authority and subpoena power; (C) has representative community diversity; (D) has policy making authority; (E) provides advocates for civilian complainants; (F) may conduct hearings; and (G) conducts statistical studies on prevailing complaint trends. . B Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act 111. Short title This subtitle may be cited as the Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act of 2024 . 112. Definitions In this subtitle: (1) Civil rights organization The term civil rights organization means an organization that monitors the equitable enforcement of and treatment under the law and that has a national presence and membership, such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), UnidosUS, the National Urban League, the National Congress of American Indians, or the National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium (NAPALC). (2) Community-based organization The term community-based organization means an organization that monitors the equitable enforcement of and treatment under the law and that has a local presence and membership. (3) Law enforcement accreditation organization The term law enforcement accreditation organization means a professional law enforcement organization involved in the development of standards of accreditation for law enforcement agencies at the national, State, regional, or Tribal level, such as the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA), the International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators (IACLEA), the North American Wildlife Law Enforcement Accreditation (NAWLEA), the State Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST), or other State-based accreditation programs. (4) Law enforcement agency The term law enforcement agency means a State, local, Indian Tribal, or campus public agency engaged in the prevention, detection, investigation, prosecution, or adjudication of violations of criminal laws. (5) Professional law enforcement association The term professional law enforcement association means a law enforcement membership association that works for the needs of Federal, State, local, or Indian Tribal law enforcement agencies and with the civilian community on matters of common interest, such as the Hispanic American Police Command Officers Association (HAPCOA), the National Asian Pacific Officers Association (NAPOA), the National Black Police Association (NBPA), the National Latino Peace Officers Association (NLPOA), the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives (NOBLE), Women in Law Enforcement, the Native American Law Enforcement Association (NALEA), the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), the National Sheriffs’ Association (NSA), the Fraternal Order of Police (FOP), or the National Association of School Resource Officers. (6) Professional civilian oversight organization The term professional civilian oversight organization means a membership organization formed to address and advance civilian oversight of law enforcement and whose members are from Federal, State, regional, local, or Tribal organizations that review issues or complaints against law enforcement agencies or officers, such as the National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement (NACOLE). 113. Accreditation of law enforcement agencies (a) Accreditation process The Attorney General shall adopt policies and procedures to partner with law enforcement accreditation organizations, professional law enforcement associations, labor organizations, community-based organizations, and professional civilian oversight organizations to— (1) continue the development of accreditation standards for the National Standards for Independent Credentialing Bodies established under section 19 of Executive Order 14074 (87 Fed. Reg. 14074; relating to advancing effective, accountable policing and criminal justice practices to enhance public trust and public safety); and (2) encourage the pursuit of accreditation of Federal, State, local, and Tribal law enforcement agencies by certified law enforcement accreditation organizations. (b) Use of funds requirements Section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10153(a) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (7) An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant will use not less than 5 percent of the total amount of the grant award for the fiscal year to assist law enforcement agencies of the applicant, including campus public safety departments, gain or maintain accreditation from certified law enforcement accreditation organizations in accordance with section 113 of the Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act of 2024. . (c) Eligibility for certain grant funds The Attorney General shall, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, allocate Department of Justice discretionary grant funding only to States or units of local government that require law enforcement agencies of that State or unit of local government to gain and maintain accreditation from certified law enforcement accreditation organizations in accordance with this section. 114. Law enforcement grants (a) Use of funds requirements Section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10153(a) ), as amended by section 113, is amended by adding at the end the following: (8) An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant will use not less than 5 percent of the total amount of the grant award for the fiscal year to study and implement effective management, training, recruiting, hiring, and oversight standards and programs to promote effective community and problem solving strategies for law enforcement agencies in accordance with section 114 of the Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act of 2024. . (b) Grant program for community organizations The Attorney General may make grants to community-based organizations to study and implement— (1) effective management, training, recruiting, hiring, and oversight standards and programs to promote effective community and problem solving strategies for law enforcement agencies; or (2) effective strategies and solutions to public safety, including strategies that do not rely on Federal and local law enforcement agency responses. (c) Use of funds Grant amounts described in paragraph (8) of section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10153(a) ), as added by subsection (a) of this section, and grant amounts awarded under subsection (b) shall be used to— (1) study management and operations standards for law enforcement agencies, including standards relating to administrative due process, residency requirements, compensation and benefits, use of force, racial profiling, early warning and intervention systems, youth justice, school safety, civilian review boards or analogous procedures, or research into the effectiveness of existing programs, projects, or other activities designed to address misconduct; (2) create community violence interruption and restorative justice programs; and (3) develop pilot programs and implement effective standards and programs in the areas of training, hiring and recruitment, and oversight that are designed to improve management and address misconduct by law enforcement officers. (d) Components of pilot program A pilot program developed under subsection (c)(2) shall include implementation of the following: (1) Training The implementation of policies, practices, and procedures addressing training and instruction to comply with accreditation standards in the areas of— (A) the use of deadly force, less lethal force, and de-escalation tactics and techniques; (B) investigation of officer misconduct and practices and procedures for referring to prosecuting authorities allegations of officer use of excessive force or racial profiling; (C) disproportionate contact by law enforcement with minority communities; (D) tactical and defensive strategy; (E) arrests, searches, and restraint; (F) professional verbal communications with civilians; (G) interactions with— (i) youth; (ii) individuals with disabilities; (iii) individuals with limited English proficiency; and (iv) multi-cultural communities; (H) proper traffic, pedestrian, and other enforcement stops; and (I) community relations and bias awareness. (2) Recruitment, hiring, retention, and promotion of diverse law enforcement officers Policies, procedures, and practices for— (A) the hiring and recruitment of diverse law enforcement officers who are traditionally underrepresented in the law enforcement profession and representative of the communities they serve; (B) the development of selection, promotion, educational, background, and psychological standards that comport with title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ( 42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq. ); and (C) initiatives to encourage residency in the jurisdiction served by the law enforcement agency and continuing education. (3) Oversight Complaint procedures, including the establishment of civilian review boards or analogous procedures for jurisdictions across a range of sizes and agency configurations, complaint procedures by community-based organizations, early warning systems and related intervention programs, video monitoring technology, data collection and transparency, and administrative due process requirements inherent to complaint procedures for members of the public and law enforcement. (4) Youth justice and school safety Uniform standards on youth justice and school safety that include best practices for law enforcement interaction and communication with children and youth in non-school settings and that foster the development of non-police services and programs for children and youth in school, including programs run by school counselors, nurses, psychologists, social workers, and mediators, taking into consideration adolescent development and any disability, including— (A) the right to effective and timely notification of a parent or legal guardian of any law enforcement interaction, regardless of the immigration status of the individuals involved; and (B) the creation of positive school climates by improving school conditions for learning by— (i) eliminating school-based arrests and referrals to law enforcement; (ii) using evidence-based preventative measures and alternatives to school-based arrests and referrals to law enforcement, such as restorative justice and healing practices; and (iii) using school-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports. (5) Victim services Counseling services, including psychological counseling, for individuals and communities impacted by law enforcement misconduct. (e) Technical assistance (1) In general The Attorney General may provide technical assistance to law enforcement agencies of States and units of local government, civil rights organizations, and community-based organizations in furtherance of the purposes of this section. (2) Models for reduction of law enforcement misconduct The technical assistance provided by the Attorney General may include the development of models for States and community-based organizations to reduce law enforcement officer misconduct. Any development of such models shall be in consultation with community-based organizations. (f) Use of components The Attorney General may use any component or components of the Department of Justice in carrying out this section. (g) Applications An application for a grant under subsection (b) shall be submitted in such form, and contain such information, as the Attorney General may prescribe by rule. (h) Performance evaluation (1) Monitoring components (A) In general Each program, project, or activity funded under this section shall contain a monitoring component, which shall be developed pursuant to rules made by the Attorney General. (B) Requirement Each monitoring component required under subparagraph (A) shall include systematic identification and collection of data about activities, accomplishments, and programs throughout the duration of the program, project, or activity and presentation of such data in a usable form. (2) Evaluation components (A) In general Selected grant recipients shall be evaluated on the local level or as part of a national evaluation, pursuant to rules made by the Attorney General. (B) Requirements An evaluation conducted under subparagraph (A) may include independent audits of police behavior and other assessments of individual program implementations. For civil rights organizations and community-based organizations in selected jurisdictions that are able to support outcome evaluations, the effectiveness of funded programs, projects, and activities may be required. (3) Periodic review and reports The Attorney General may require a grant recipient to submit every 180 days to the Attorney General the results of the monitoring and evaluations required under paragraphs (1) and (2) and such other data and information as the Attorney General determines to be necessary. (i) Revocation or suspension of funding If the Attorney General determines, as a result of monitoring under subsection (h) or otherwise, that a grant recipient under the Byrne grant program or under subsection (b) is not in substantial compliance with the requirements of this section, the Attorney General may revoke or suspend funding of that grant, in whole or in part. (j) Civilian review board defined In this section, the term civilian review board means an administrative entity that investigates civilian complaints against law enforcement officers and— (1) is independent and adequately funded; (2) has investigatory authority and subpoena power; (3) has representative community diversity; (4) has policy making authority; (5) provides advocates for civilian complainants; (6) may conduct hearings; and (7) conducts statistical studies on prevailing complaint trends. (k) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2025 to carry out the grant program authorized under subsection (b). 115. Attorney General to conduct study (a) Study (1) In general The Attorney General shall conduct a nationwide study of the prevalence and effect of any law, rule, or procedure that allows a law enforcement officer to delay the response to questions posed by a local internal affairs officer, or review board on the investigative integrity and prosecution of law enforcement misconduct, including pre-interview warnings and termination policies. (2) Initial analysis The Attorney General shall perform an initial analysis of existing State laws, rules, and procedures to determine whether, at a threshold level, the effect of the type of law, rule, or procedure that raises material investigatory issues that could impair or hinder a prompt and thorough investigation of possible misconduct, including criminal conduct. (3) Data collection After completion of the initial analysis under paragraph (2), and considering material investigatory issues, the Attorney General shall gather additional data nationwide on similar laws, rules, and procedures from a representative and statistically significant sample of jurisdictions, to determine whether such laws, rules, and procedures raise such material investigatory issues. (b) Reporting (1) Initial analysis Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall— (A) submit to Congress a report containing the results of the initial analysis conducted under subsection (a)(2); (B) make the report submitted under subparagraph (A) available to the public; and (C) identify the jurisdictions for which the study described in subsection (a)(3) is to be conducted. (2) Data collected Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report containing the results of the data collected under this section and publish the report in the Federal Register. 116. Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2025, in addition to any other sums authorized to be appropriated— (1) $25,000,000 for additional expenses relating to the enforcement of section 210401 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 ( 34 U.S.C. 12601 ), criminal enforcement under sections 241 and 242 of title 18, United States Code, and administrative enforcement by the Department of Justice of such sections, including compliance with consent decrees or judgments entered into under such section 210401; and (2) $3,300,000 for additional expenses related to conflict resolution by the Department of Justice’s Community Relations Service. 117. National Task Force on Law Enforcement Oversight (a) Establishment There is established within the Department of Justice a task force to be known as the Task Force on Law Enforcement Oversight (hereinafter in this section referred to as the Task Force ). (b) Composition The Task Force shall be composed of individuals appointed by the Attorney General, who shall appoint not less than 1 individual from each of the following: (1) The Special Litigation Section of the Civil Rights Division. (2) The Criminal Section of the Civil Rights Division. (3) The Federal Coordination and Compliance Section of the Civil Rights Division. (4) The Employment Litigation Section of the Civil Rights Division. (5) The Disability Rights Section of the Civil Rights Division. (6) The Office of Justice Programs. (7) The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS). (8) The Corruption/Civil Rights Section of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. (9) The Community Relations Service. (10) The Office of Tribal Justice. (11) The unit within the Department of Justice assigned as a liaison for civilian review boards. (c) Powers and duties The Task Force shall consult with professional law enforcement associations, labor organizations, and community-based organizations to coordinate the process of the detection and referral of complaints regarding incidents of alleged law enforcement misconduct. (d) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for each fiscal year to carry out this section. 118. Federal data collection on law enforcement practices (a) Agencies To report Each Federal, State, Tribal, and local law enforcement agency shall report data of the practices enumerated in subsection (c) of that agency to the Attorney General. (b) Breakdown of information by race, ethnicity, and gender For each practice enumerated in subsection (c), the reporting law enforcement agency shall provide a breakdown of the numbers of incidents of that practice— (1) by race, ethnicity, age, and gender of the officers of the agency; (2) by race, ethnicity, age, and gender of the individual subject to the investigatory practices enumerated in (c); and (3) if known, by whether the individual subject to the investigatory practices enumerated in (c)— (A) had a known or apparent impairment, such as a mental health condition or being under the influence of drugs or alcohol; (B) was experiencing homelessness; and (C) was English language proficient. (c) Practices To be reported on The practices to be reported on are the following: (1) Traffic violation stops. (2) Pedestrian stops. (3) Frisk and body searches, including consent searches, conducted by the law enforcement agencies of the State or Tribal government. (4) Instances where law enforcement officers used deadly force, including— (A) a description of when and where deadly force was used, and whether it resulted in death; (B) a description of deadly force directed against an officer and whether it resulted in injury or death; and (C) the law enforcement agency’s justification for use of deadly force, if the agency determines it was justified. (d) Retention of data Each law enforcement agency required to report data under this section shall maintain records relating to any matter reported for not less than 4 years after those records are created. (e) Penalty for States failing To report as required (1) In general For any fiscal year, a State shall not receive any amount that would otherwise be allocated to that State under section 505(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10156(a) ), or any amount from any other law enforcement assistance program of the Department of Justice, unless the State has ensured, to the satisfaction of the Attorney General, that the State and each local law enforcement agency of the State is in substantial compliance with the requirements of this section. (2) Reallocation Amounts not allocated by reason of this subsection shall be reallocated to States not disqualified by failure to comply with this section. (f) Public availability of data The Attorney General shall make the data collected under this section available on a publicly accessible website. (g) Regulations The Attorney General shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section. II Policing Transparency Through Data A National Police Misconduct Registry 201. Misconduct and decertification reporting (a) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall establish guidance for law enforcement agencies to submit records of certificate or license revocation actions relating to officer misconduct to the National Decertification Index and misconduct records to the National Law Enforcement Accountability Database. (b) Federal agency reporting requirements Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and every 6 months thereafter, the head of each Federal law enforcement agency shall submit records of certificate or license revocation actions relating to officer misconduct to the National Decertification Index and misconduct records to the National Law Enforcement Accountability Database. (c) State and local law enforcement agency reporting requirements Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each fiscal year thereafter, in which a State or law enforcement agency of a State or unit of local government receives funds under the Byrne grant program, the State or law enforcement agency shall, once every 180 days, submit records of certificate or license revocation actions relating to officer misconduct to the National Decertification Index and misconduct records to the National Law Enforcement Accountability Database. (d) Public availability of Misconduct and Decertification Information (1) In general The Attorney General shall make the information submitted to the National Decertification Index and the National Law Enforcement Accountability Database available publicly accessible. (2) Privacy protections Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to supersede the requirements or limitations under section 552a of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the Privacy Act of 1974 ). 202. Certification requirements for hiring of law enforcement officers (a) In general Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, a State or unit of local government, other than an Indian Tribe, may not receive funds under the Byrne grant program for that fiscal year if, on the day before the first day of the fiscal year, the State or unit of local government has not— (1) submitted to the Attorney General evidence that the State or unit of local government has a certification and decertification program for purposes of employment as a law enforcement officer in that State or unit of local government that is consistent with the rules made under subsection (c); and (2) submitted records to the National Decertification Index and the National Law Enforcement Accountability Database in accordance with section 201 demonstrating that all law enforcement officers of the State or unit of local government have completed all State certification requirements during the 1-year period preceding the fiscal year. (b) Rules The Attorney General shall make rules to carry out this section and section 201, including uniform reporting standards. 203. Law enforcement hiring accountability (a) In general Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, a State or unit of local government, other than an Indian Tribe, may not receive funds under section 1701 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10381 ) for that fiscal year if, on the day before the first day of the fiscal year, the State or unit of local government does not certify compliance with (b). (b) Hiring accountability In hiring or rehiring law enforcement officers, a law enforcement agency described in subsection (a) shall check for decertification or disciplinary actions in— (1) the National Decertification Index; and (2) the National Law Enforcement Accountability Database. (c) Reports A law enforcement agency described in subsection (a) shall include in an annual report submitted to the Attorney General the number of law enforcement officers of the law enforcement agency, if any, hired or rehired using amounts from that grant against whom there has been a decertification or other disciplinary action. B PRIDE Act 221. Short title This subtitle may be cited as the Police Reporting Information, Data, and Evidence Act of 2024 or the PRIDE Act of 2024 . 222. Definitions In this subtitle: (1) Local educational agency The term local educational agency has the meaning given the term in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 7801 ). (2) Local law enforcement officer The term local law enforcement officer has the meaning given the term in section 2, and includes a school resource officer. (3) School The term school means an elementary school or secondary school (as those terms are defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 7801 )). (4) School resource officer The term school resource officer means a sworn law enforcement officer who is— (A) assigned by the employing law enforcement agency to a local educational agency or school; (B) contracting with a local educational agency or school; or (C) employed by a local educational agency or school. 223. Use of force reporting (a) Reporting (1) In general Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each fiscal year thereafter, in which a law enforcement agency of a State, unit of local government, or Indian Tribe receives funds under the COPS grant program or a Byrne grant program, the law enforcement agency shall report use of force data to the Federal Bureau of Investigation Use of Force database biannually. (2) Incident data collection Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, acting through the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, shall expand the Federal Bureau of Investigation Use of Force database to include information relating to all deadly and less lethal use-of-force incidents. (3) Incidents reported under Death in Custody Reporting Act A law enforcement agency of a State, unit of local government, or Indian Tribe is not required to include in a report under paragraph (1) an incident reported by the law enforcement agency in accordance with section 20104(a)(2) of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 ( 34 U.S.C. 12104(a)(2) ). (4) Retention of data Each law enforcement agency required to report data under this section shall maintain records relating to any matter so reportable for not less than 4 years after those records are created. (5) Audit of use-of-force reporting Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, each law enforcement agency of a State, unit of local government, or Indian Tribe described in paragraph (1) shall— (A) conduct an audit of its use of force incident reporting system; and (B) submit a report to the Attorney General on the audit conducted under subparagraph (A). (6) Compliance procedure Prior to submitting a report under paragraph (1), the law enforcement agency of a State, unit of local government, or Indian Tribe submitting such report shall compare information relating to a use of deadly force by a law enforcement officer to publicly available sources, and shall revise such report to include any incident determined to be missing from the report based on such comparison. Failure to comply with the procedures described in the previous sentence shall be considered a failure to comply with the requirements of this section. (b) Ineligibility for funds (1) In general For any fiscal year in which a law enforcement agency of a State, unit of local government, or Indian Tribe fails to comply with this section, the law enforcement agency, at the discretion of the Attorney General, shall be subject to not more than a 10-percent reduction of the funds that would otherwise be allocated for that fiscal year to the law enforcement agency under a Byrne grant program. (2) Reallocation Amounts not allocated under a Byrne grant program in accordance with paragraph (1) to a State for failure to comply with this section shall be reallocated under the Byrne grant program to States that have not failed to comply with this section. (3) Information regarding school resource officers The State or Indian Tribe shall ensure that all schools and local educational agencies within the jurisdiction of the State or Indian Tribe provide the State or Indian Tribe with the information needed regarding school resource officers to comply with this section. (c) Public availability of data (1) In general Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, the Attorney General shall publish, and make available to the public, a report containing the data reported to the Attorney General under this section. (2) Privacy protections Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to supersede the requirements or limitations under section 552a of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the Privacy Act of 1974 ). (d) Guidance Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in coordination with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, shall issue guidance on best practices relating to establishing standard data collection systems that capture the information required to be reported under subsection (a)(2), which shall include standard and consistent definitions for terms. 224. Use of force data reporting (a) Technical assistance grants authorized The Attorney General may make grants to eligible law enforcement agencies to be used for the activities described in subsection (c). (b) Eligibility In order to be eligible to receive a grant under this section a law enforcement agency shall— (1) be a Tribal law enforcement agency or be located in a State that receives funds under a Byrne grant program; (2) employ not more that 100 local or Tribal law enforcement officers; (3) demonstrate that the use of force policy for local law enforcement officers or Tribal law enforcement officers employed by the law enforcement agency is publicly available; and (4) establish and maintain a complaint system that— (A) may be used by members of the public to report incidents of use of force to the law enforcement agency; (B) makes all information collected publicly searchable and available; and (C) provides information on the status of an investigation related to a use of force complaint. (c) Activities described A grant made under this section may be used by a law enforcement agency for— (1) the cost of assisting the State or Indian Tribe in which the law enforcement agency is located in complying with the reporting requirements described in section 223; (2) the cost of establishing necessary systems required to investigate and report incidents as required under subsection (b)(4); (3) public awareness campaigns designed to gain information from the public on use of force by or against local and Tribal law enforcement officers, including shootings, which may include tip lines, hotlines, and public service announcements; and (4) use of force training for law enforcement agencies and personnel, including training on de-escalation, implicit bias, crisis intervention techniques, and adolescent development. 225. Compliance with reporting requirements (a) In general Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, the Attorney General shall conduct an audit and review of the information provided under this subtitle to determine whether each State or Indian Tribe described in section 223(a)(1) is in compliance with the requirements of this subtitle. (b) Consistency in data reporting (1) In general Any data reported under this subtitle shall be collected and reported— (A) in a manner consistent with existing programs of the Department of Justice that collect data on local law enforcement officer encounters with civilians; and (B) in a manner consistent with civil rights laws for distribution of information to the public. (2) Guidelines Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall— (A) issue guidelines on the reporting requirement under section 223; and (B) seek public comment before finalizing the guidelines required under subparagraph (A). 226. Federal law enforcement reporting The head of each Federal law enforcement agency shall submit to the Attorney General, on a quarterly basis and pursuant to guidelines established by the Attorney General, the information required to be reported by a State or Indian Tribe under section 223. 227. Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General such sums as are necessary to carry out this subtitle. III Improving Police Training and Policies A End Racial and Religious Profiling Act 301. Short title This subtitle may be cited as the End Racial and Religious Profiling Act of 2024 or ERRPA . 302. Definitions In this subtitle: (1) Covered program The term covered program means any program or activity funded in whole or in part with funds made available under— (A) a Byrne grant program; and (B) the COPS grant program, other than an activity described in section 1701(b)(13) title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10381(b)(13) ). (2) Governmental body The term governmental body means any department, agency, special purpose district, or other instrumentality of the Federal Government or a State, local, or Indian Tribal government. (3) Hit rate The term hit rate — (A) means the percentage of stops and searches in which a law enforcement agent finds drugs, a gun, or something else that leads to an arrest; (B) is calculated by dividing the total number of searches by the number of searches that yield contraband; and (C) is complementary to the rate of false stops. (4) Law enforcement agency The term law enforcement agency means any Federal, State, or local public agency engaged in the prevention, detection, or investigation of violations of criminal, immigration, or customs laws. (5) Law enforcement agent The term law enforcement agent means any Federal, State, or local official responsible for enforcing criminal, immigration, or customs laws, including police officers and other agents of a law enforcement agency. (6) Prevailing plaintiff The term prevailing plaintiff means a plaintiff that substantially prevails pursuant to a judicial or administrative judgment or order or an enforceable written agreement. (7) Racial profiling (A) In general The term racial profiling means the practice of a law enforcement agent or agency relying, to any degree, on actual or perceived race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, gender, gender identity, or sexual orientation in selecting which individual to subject to routine or spontaneous investigatory activities or in deciding upon the scope and substance of law enforcement activity following the initial investigatory procedure, except when there is trustworthy information, relevant to the locality and timeframe, that links a person with a particular characteristic described in this paragraph to an identified criminal incident or scheme. (B) Exception For purposes of subparagraph (A), a Tribal law enforcement agent exercising law enforcement authority within Indian country, as that term is defined in section 1151 of title 18, United States Code, is not considered to be racial profiling with respect to making key jurisdictional determinations that are necessarily tied to reliance on actual or perceived race, ethnicity, or Tribal affiliation. (8) Routine or spontaneous investigatory activities The term routine or spontaneous investigatory activities means the following activities by a law enforcement agent: (A) Interviews. (B) Traffic stops. (C) Pedestrian stops. (D) Frisks and other types of body searches. (E) Consensual or nonconsensual searches of the persons, property, or possessions (including vehicles) of individuals using any form of public or private transportation, including motorists and pedestrians. (F) Data collection and analysis, assessments, and predicated investigations. (G) Inspections and interviews of entrants into the United States that are more extensive than those customarily carried out. (H) Immigration-related workplace investigations. (I) Such other types of law enforcement encounters compiled for or by the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the Department of Justice. (9) Reasonable request The term reasonable request means a request for information, other than a request that— (A) is immaterial to the investigation; (B) would result in the unnecessary disclosure of personal information; or (C) would place a severe burden on the resources of the law enforcement agency given its size. I Prohibition of Racial Profiling 311. Prohibition No law enforcement agent or law enforcement agency shall engage in racial profiling. 312. Enforcement (a) Remedy The United States, or an individual injured by racial profiling, may enforce this part in a civil action for declaratory or injunctive relief, filed either in a State court of general jurisdiction or in a district court of the United States. (b) Parties In any action brought under this part, relief may be obtained against— (1) any governmental body that employed any law enforcement agent who engaged in racial profiling; (2) any agent of such body who engaged in racial profiling; and (3) any person with supervisory authority over such agent. (c) Nature of proof Proof that the routine or spontaneous investigatory activities of law enforcement agents in a jurisdiction have had a disparate impact on individuals with a particular characteristic described in section 302(7) shall constitute prima facie evidence of a violation of this part. (d) Attorney’s fees In any action or proceeding to enforce this part against any governmental body, the court may allow a prevailing plaintiff, other than the United States, reasonable attorney’s fees as part of the costs, and may include expert fees as part of the attorney’s fee. II Programs To Eliminate Racial Profiling By Federal Law Enforcement Agencies 321. Policies to eliminate racial profiling (a) In general Federal law enforcement agencies shall— (1) maintain adequate policies and procedures designed to eliminate racial profiling; and (2) cease existing practices that permit racial profiling. (b) Policies The policies and procedures described in subsection (a)(1) shall include— (1) a prohibition on racial profiling; (2) training on racial profiling issues as part of Federal law enforcement training; (3) the collection of data in accordance with the regulations issued by the Attorney General under section 341; (4) procedures for receiving, investigating, and responding meaningfully to complaints alleging racial profiling by law enforcement agents; and (5) any other policies and procedures the Attorney General determines to be necessary to eliminate racial profiling by Federal law enforcement agencies. III Programs To Eliminate Racial Profiling By State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies 331. Policies required for grants (a) In general An application by a State or a unit of local government for funding under a covered program shall include a certification that such State, unit of local government, and any law enforcement agency to which it will distribute funds— (1) maintains adequate policies and procedures designed to eliminate racial profiling; and (2) has eliminated any existing practices that permit or encourage racial profiling. (b) Policies The policies and procedures described in subsection (a)(1) shall include— (1) a prohibition on racial profiling; (2) training on racial profiling issues as part of law enforcement training; (3) the collection of data in accordance with the regulations issued by the Attorney General under section 341; and (4) participation in an administrative complaint procedure or independent audit program that meets the requirements of section 332. (c) Effective date This section shall take effect on the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act. 332. Involvement of Attorney General (a) Regulations (1) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with stakeholders, including Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies and community, professional, research, and civil rights organizations, shall issue regulations for the operation of administrative complaint procedures and independent audit programs to ensure that such procedures and programs provide an appropriate response to allegations of racial profiling by law enforcement agents or agencies. (2) Guidelines The regulations issued under paragraph (1) shall contain guidelines that ensure the fairness, effectiveness, and independence of the administrative complaint procedures and independent auditor programs. (b) Noncompliance If the Attorney General determines that the recipient of a grant from any covered program is not in compliance with the requirements of section 331 or the regulations issued under subsection (a), the Attorney General shall withhold, in whole or in part (at the discretion of the Attorney General), funds for 1 or more grants to the recipient under the covered program until the recipient establishes compliance. (c) Private parties The Attorney General shall provide notice and an opportunity for private parties to present evidence to the Attorney General that a recipient of a grant from any covered program is not in compliance with the requirements of this part. 333. Data collection demonstration project (a) Technical assistance grants for data collection (1) In general The Attorney General may, through competitive grants or contracts, carry out a 2-year demonstration project for the purpose of developing and implementing data collection programs on the hit rates for stops and searches by law enforcement agencies. The data collected shall be disaggregated by race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, and religion. (2) Number of grants The Attorney General shall provide not more than 5 grants or contracts under this section. (3) Eligible grantees Grants or contracts under this section shall be awarded to law enforcement agencies that serve communities where there is a significant concentration of racial or ethnic minorities and that are not already collecting data voluntarily. (b) Required activities Activities carried out with a grant under this section shall include— (1) developing a data collection tool and reporting the compiled data to the Attorney General; and (2) training of law enforcement personnel on data collection, particularly for data collection on hit rates for stops and searches. (c) Evaluation Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall enter into a contract with an institution of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 )) to analyze the data collected by each of the grantees funded under this section. (d) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out activities under this section— (1) $5,000,000, over a 2-year period, to carry out the demonstration program under subsection (a); and (2) $500,000 to carry out the evaluation under subsection (c). 334. Development of best practices (a) Use of funds requirements Section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10153(a) ), as amended by sections 113 and 114, is amended by adding at the end the following: (9) An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant will use not less than 10 percent of the total amount of the grant award for the fiscal year to develop and implement best practice devices and systems to eliminate racial profiling in accordance with section 334 of the End Racial and Religious Profiling Act of 2024. . (b) Development of best practices Grant amounts described in paragraph (9) of section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10153(a) ), as added by subsection (a) of this section, shall be for programs that include the following: (1) The development and implementation of training to prevent racial profiling and to encourage more respectful interaction with the public. (2) The acquisition and use of technology to facilitate the accurate collection and analysis of data. (3) The development and acquisition of feedback systems and technologies that identify law enforcement agents or units of agents engaged in, or at risk of engaging in, racial profiling or other misconduct. (4) The establishment and maintenance of an administrative complaint procedure or independent auditor program. 335. Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General such sums as are necessary to carry out this part. IV Data Collection 341. Attorney General to issue regulations (a) Regulations Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with stakeholders, including Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies and community, professional, research, and civil rights organizations, shall issue regulations for the collection and compilation of data under sections 321 and 331. (b) Requirements The regulations issued under subsection (a) shall— (1) provide for the collection of data on all routine and spontaneous investigatory activities; (2) provide that the data collected shall— (A) be disaggregated by race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, disability, and religion; (B) include the date, time, and location of such investigatory activities; (C) include detail sufficient to permit an analysis of whether a law enforcement agency is engaging in racial profiling; and (D) not include personally identifiable information; (3) provide that a standardized form shall be made available to law enforcement agencies for the submission of collected data to the Department of Justice; (4) provide that law enforcement agencies shall compile data on the standardized form made available under paragraph (3), and submit the form to the Civil Rights Division and the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the Department of Justice; (5) provide that law enforcement agencies shall maintain all data collected under this subtitle for not less than 4 years; (6) include guidelines for setting comparative benchmarks, consistent with best practices, against which collected data shall be measured; (7) provide that the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the Department of Justice shall— (A) analyze the data for any statistically significant disparities, including— (i) disparities in the percentage of drivers or pedestrians stopped relative to the proportion of the population passing through the neighborhood; (ii) disparities in the hit rate; and (iii) disparities in the frequency of searches performed on racial or ethnic minority drivers and the frequency of searches performed on nonminority drivers; and (B) not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter— (i) prepare a report regarding the findings of the analysis conducted under subparagraph (A); (ii) provide such report to Congress; and (iii) make such report available to the public, including on a website of the Department of Justice, and in accordance with accessibility standards under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ( 42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq. ); and (8) protect the privacy of individuals whose data is collected by— (A) limiting the use of the data collected under this subtitle to the purposes set forth in this subtitle; (B) except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, limiting access to the data collected under this subtitle to those Federal, State, or local employees or agents who require such access in order to fulfill the purposes for the data set forth in this subtitle; (C) requiring contractors or other nongovernmental agents who are permitted access to the data collected under this subtitle to sign use agreements incorporating the use and disclosure restrictions set forth in subparagraph (A); and (D) requiring the maintenance of adequate security measures to prevent unauthorized access to the data collected under this subtitle. 342. Publication of data The Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the Department of Justice shall provide to Congress and make available to the public, together with each annual report described in section 341 , the data collected pursuant to this subtitle, excluding any personally identifiable information described in section 343. 343. Limitations on publication of data The name or identifying information of a law enforcement agent, complainant, or any other individual involved in any activity for which data is collected and compiled under this subtitle shall not be— (1) released to the public; (2) disclosed to any person, except for— (A) such disclosures as are necessary to comply with this subtitle; (B) disclosures of information regarding a particular person to that person; or (C) disclosures pursuant to litigation; or (3) subject to disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the Freedom of Information Act ), except for disclosures of information regarding a particular person to that person. V Department of Justice Regulations and Reports on Racial Profiling in the United States 351. Attorney General to issue regulations and reports (a) Regulations In addition to the regulations required under sections 332 and 341, the Attorney General shall issue such other regulations as the Attorney General determines are necessary to implement this subtitle. (b) Reports (1) In general Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report on racial profiling by law enforcement agencies. (2) Scope Each report submitted under paragraph (1) shall include— (A) a summary of data collected under sections 321(b)(3) and 331(b)(3) and from any other reliable source of information regarding racial profiling in the United States; (B) a discussion of the findings in the most recent report prepared by the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the Department of Justice under section 341(b)(7); (C) the status of the adoption and implementation of policies and procedures by Federal law enforcement agencies under section 321 and by the State and local law enforcement agencies under sections 331 and 332; and (D) a description of any other policies and procedures that the Attorney General believes would facilitate the elimination of racial profiling. B Additional Reforms 361. Training on racial bias and duty to intervene (a) In general The Attorney General shall establish— (1) a training program for law enforcement officers to cover racial profiling, implicit bias, and procedural justice; (2) a clear duty for Federal law enforcement officers to intervene in cases in which another law enforcement officer is using excessive force against a civilian; and (3) a training program that covers the duty to intervene described in paragraph (2). (b) Mandatory training for Federal law enforcement officers The head of each Federal law enforcement agency shall require each Federal law enforcement officer employed by the agency to complete the training programs established under subsection (a). (c) Limitation on eligibility for funds Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, a State or unit of local government may not receive funds under the Byrne grant program for a fiscal year if, on the day before the first day of the fiscal year, the State or unit of local government does not require each law enforcement officer in the State or unit of local government to complete the training programs established under subsection (a). (d) Grants To train law enforcement officers on use of force Section 501(a)(1) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10152(a)(1) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (J) Training programs for law enforcement officers, including training programs on use of force and a duty to intervene. . 362. Ban on no-knock warrants in drug cases (a) Definition In this section, the term no-knock warrant means a warrant that allows a law enforcement officer to enter a property without requiring the law enforcement officer to announce the presence of the law enforcement officer or the intention of the law enforcement officer to enter the property. (b) Ban on Federal warrants in drug cases Section 509 of the Controlled Substances Act ( 21 U.S.C. 879 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: A search warrant authorized under this section shall require that a law enforcement officer execute the search warrant only after providing notice of his or her authority and purpose. . (c) Limitation on eligibility for funds Beginning in the first fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this Act, a State or unit of local government may not receive funds under the COPS grant program for a fiscal year if, on the day before the first day of the fiscal year, the State or unit of local government does not have in effect a law that prohibits the issuance of a no-knock warrant in a drug case. 363. Incentivizing banning of chokeholds and carotid holds (a) Definition In this section, the term chokehold or carotid hold means the application of any pressure to the throat or windpipe, the use of a maneuver that restricts blood or oxygen flow to the brain, including by applying pressure or bodyweight to an individual’s head, neck, or back, or a carotid artery restraint that prevents or hinder breathing or reduce intake of air of an individual. (b) Federal law enforcement Notwithstanding any other provision of law, each Federal law enforcement agency shall have in place a policy that bans the use of chokeholds and carotid holds. (c) Limitation on eligibility for funds Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, a State or unit of local government may not receive funds under the Byrne grant program or the COPS grant program for a fiscal year if, on the day before the first day of the fiscal year, the State or unit of local government does not have in effect a law that prohibits law enforcement officers in the State or unit of local government from using a chokehold or carotid hold. 364. PEACE Act (a) Short title This section may be cited as the Police Exercising Absolute Care With Everyone Act of 2024 or the PEACE Act of 2024 . (b) Use of force by Federal law enforcement officers (1) Definitions In this subsection: (A) Deescalation tactics and techniques The term deescalation tactics and techniques means proactive actions and approaches used by a Federal law enforcement officer to stabilize the situation so that more time, options, and resources are available to gain a person’s voluntary compliance and reduce or eliminate the need to use force, including verbal persuasion, warnings, tactical techniques, slowing down the pace of an incident, waiting out a subject, creating distance between the officer and the threat, and requesting additional resources to resolve the incident. (B) Necessary The term necessary , with respect to the use of force, means that another reasonable Federal law enforcement officer would objectively conclude, under the totality of the circumstances, that there was no reasonable alternative to the use of force. (C) Reasonable alternatives (i) In general The term reasonable alternatives means tactics and methods used by a Federal law enforcement officer to effectuate an arrest that do not unreasonably increase the risk posed to the law enforcement officer or another person, including verbal communication, distance, warnings, deescalation tactics and techniques, tactical repositioning, and other tactics and techniques intended to stabilize a situation and reduce the immediacy of the risk so that more time, options, and resources can be called upon to resolve the situation without the use of force. (ii) Deadly force With respect to the use of deadly force, the term reasonable alternatives includes the use of less lethal force. (D) Totality of the circumstances The term totality of the circumstances means all credible facts known to the Federal law enforcement officer leading up to and at the time of the use of force, including the actions of the person against whom the Federal law enforcement officer uses such force and the actions of the Federal law enforcement officer. (2) Prohibition on less lethal force A Federal law enforcement officer may not use any less lethal force unless— (A) the form of less lethal force used is necessary and proportional in order to effectuate an arrest of a person who the officer has probable cause to believe has committed a criminal offense; and (B) reasonable alternatives to the use of the form of less lethal force have been exhausted. (3) Prohibition on deadly use of force A Federal law enforcement officer may not use deadly force against a person unless— (A) the form of deadly force used is necessary, as a last resort, to prevent imminent and serious bodily injury or death to the officer or another person; (B) the use of the form of deadly force creates no substantial risk of injury to a third person; and (C) reasonable alternatives to the use of the form of deadly force have been exhausted. (4) Requirement to give verbal warning When feasible, prior to using force against a person, a Federal law enforcement officer shall identify himself or herself as a Federal law enforcement officer, and issue a verbal warning to the person that the Federal law enforcement officer seeks to apprehend, which shall— (A) include a request that the person surrender to the law enforcement officer; and (B) notify the person that the law enforcement officer will use force against the person if the person resists arrest or flees. (5) Guidance on use of force Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with impacted persons, communities, and organizations, including representatives of civil and human rights organizations, victims of police use of force, and representatives of law enforcement associations, shall provide guidance to Federal law enforcement agencies on— (A) the types of less lethal force and deadly force that are prohibited under paragraphs (2) and (3); and (B) how a Federal law enforcement officer can— (i) assess whether the use of force is appropriate and necessary; and (ii) use the least amount of force when interacting with— (I) pregnant individuals; (II) children and youth under 21 years of age; (III) elderly persons; (IV) persons with mental, behavioral, or physical disabilities or impairments; (V) persons experiencing perceptual or cognitive impairments due to use of alcohol, narcotics, hallucinogens, or other drugs; (VI) persons suffering from a serious medical condition; and (VII) persons with limited English proficiency. (6) Training The Attorney General shall provide training to Federal law enforcement officers on interacting people described in subclauses (I) through (VII) of paragraph (5)(B)(ii). (7) Limitation on justification defense (A) In general Chapter 51 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 1123. Limitation on justification defense for Federal law enforcement officers (a) Definitions In this section— (1) the term deadly force has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2024; and (2) the term Federal law enforcement officer has the meaning given such term in section 115. (b) Limitation on justification defense It is not a defense to an offense under section 1111 or 1112 that the use of less lethal force or deadly force by a Federal law enforcement officer was justified if— (1) the officer’s use of such force was inconsistent with section 364(b) of the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2024; or (2) the officer’s gross negligence leading up to and at the time of the use of force contributed to the necessity of the use of such force. . (B) Clerical amendment The table of sections for chapter 51 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 1122 the following: 1123. Limitation on justification defense for Federal law enforcement officers. . (c) Limitation on the receipt of funds under the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program (1) Limitation A State or unit of local government, other than an Indian Tribe, may not receive funds that the State or unit of local government would otherwise receive under a Byrne grant program for a fiscal year if, on the day before the first day of the fiscal year, the State or unit of local government does not have in effect a law that is consistent with subsection (b) of this section and section 1123 of title 18, United States Code, as determined by the Attorney General. (2) Subsequent enactment (A) In general If funds described in paragraph (1) are withheld from a State or unit of local government pursuant to paragraph (1) for 1 or more fiscal years, and the State or unit of local government enacts or puts in place a law described in paragraph (1), and demonstrates substantial efforts to enforce such law, subject to subparagraph (B), the State or unit of local government shall be eligible, in the fiscal year after the fiscal year during which the State or unit of local government demonstrates such substantial efforts, to receive the total amount that the State or unit of local government would have received during each fiscal year for which funds were withheld. (B) Limit on amount of prior year funds A State or unit of local government may not receive funds under subparagraph (A) in an amount that is more than the amount withheld from the State or unit of local government during the 5-fiscal-year period before the fiscal year during which funds are received under subparagraph (A). (3) Guidance Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with impacted persons, communities, and organizations, including representatives of civil and human rights organizations, individuals against whom a law enforcement officer used force, and representatives of law enforcement associations, shall make guidance available to States and units of local government on the criteria that the Attorney General will use in determining whether the State or unit of local government has in place a law described in paragraph (1). (4) Application This subsection shall apply to the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act and each fiscal year thereafter. 365. Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act (a) Findings Congress makes the following findings: (1) Under section 2576a of title 10, United States Code, the Department of Defense is authorized to provide excess property to local law enforcement agencies. The Defense Logistics Agency administers such section by operating the Law Enforcement Support Office program. (2) New and used material, including mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles and weapons determined by the Department of Defense to be military grade are transferred to Federal, Tribal, State, and local law enforcement agencies through the program. (3) As a result, local law enforcement agencies, including police and sheriff’s departments, are acquiring that material for use in their normal operations. (4) As a result of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, military equipment purchased for, and used in, those wars has become excess property and has been made available for transfer to local and Federal law enforcement agencies. (5) In Fiscal Year 2017, $504,000,000 worth of property was transferred to law enforcement agencies. (6) More than $6,800,000,000 worth of weapons and equipment have been transferred to police organizations in all 50 States and four territories through the program. (7) In May 2012, the Defense Logistics Agency instituted a moratorium on weapons transfers through the program after reports of missing equipment and inappropriate weapons transfers. (8) Though the moratorium was widely publicized, it was lifted in October 2013 without adequate safeguards. (9) On January 16, 2015, President Barack Obama issued Executive Order 13688 (relating to Federal support for local law enforcement equipment acquisition) to better coordinate and regulate the transfer by Federal agencies of military weapons and equipment to State, local, and Tribal law enforcement agencies. (10) In July 2017, the Government Accountability Office reported that the program’s internal controls were inadequate to prevent fraudulent applicants’ access to the program. (11) On August 28, 2017, President Donald Trump rescinded Executive Order 13688 despite a July 2017 report by the Government Accountability Office finding deficiencies with the administration of the program. (12) As a result, Federal, State, and local law enforcement departments across the United States are eligible again to acquire free military-grade weapons and equipment that could be used inappropriately during policing efforts in which people and taxpayers could be harmed. (13) The Department of Defense categorizes equipment eligible for transfer under the program as controlled and un-controlled equipment. Controlled equipment includes weapons, explosives such as flash-bang grenades, mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles, long-range acoustic devices, aircraft capable of being modified to carry armament that are combat coded, and silencers, among other military grade items. (b) Limitation on Department of Defense transfer of personal property to local law enforcement agencies (1) In general Section 2576a of title 10, United States Code, is amended— (A) in subsection (a)— (i) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking counterdrug, counterterrorism, disaster-related emergency preparedness, and border security activities and inserting counterterrorism and disaster-related emergency preparedness ; and (ii) in paragraph (2), by striking , the Director of National Drug Control Policy, ; (B) in subsection (b)— (i) in paragraph (5), by striking and at the end; (ii) in paragraph (6), by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and (iii) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs: (7) the recipient submits to the Department of Defense a description of how the recipient expects to use the property; (8) the recipient certifies to the Department of Defense that if the recipient determines that the property is surplus to the needs of the recipient, the recipient will return the property to the Department of Defense; (9) with respect to a recipient that is not a Federal agency, the recipient certifies to the Department of Defense that the recipient notified the local community of the request for personal property under this section by— (A) publishing a notice of such request on a publicly accessible Internet website; (B) posting such notice at several prominent locations in the jurisdiction of the recipient; and (C) ensuring that such notices were available to the local community for a period of not less than 30 days; and (10) the recipient has received the approval of the city council or other local governing body to acquire the personal property sought under this section. ; (C) by striking subsections (d) and (e); (D) by redesignating subsections (f) and (g) as subsections (m), and (n), respectively; and (E) by inserting after subsection (c) the following new subsections: (d) Annual certification accounting for transferred property (1) For each fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a certification in writing that each Federal or State agency to which the Secretary has transferred property under this section— (A) has provided to the Secretary documentation accounting for all controlled property, including arms and ammunition, that the Secretary has transferred to the agency, including any item described in subsection (f) so transferred before the date of the enactment of the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2024; and (B) with respect to a non-Federal agency, carried out each of paragraphs (5) through (8) of subsection (b). (2) If the Secretary does not provide a certification under paragraph (1) for a Federal or State agency, the Secretary may not transfer additional property to that agency under this section. (e) Annual report on excess property Before making any property available for transfer under this section, the Secretary shall annually submit to Congress a description of the property to be transferred together with a certification that the transfer of the property would not violate this section or any other provision of law. (f) Limitations on transfers (1) The Secretary may not transfer to a Federal, Tribal, State, or local law enforcement agency under this section the following: (A) Firearms, ammunition, bayonets, grenade launchers, grenades (including stun and flash-bang), and explosives. (B) Vehicles, except for passenger automobiles (as such term is defined in section 32901(a)(18) of title 49) and bucket trucks. (C) Drones. (D) Controlled aircraft that— (i) are combat configured or combat coded; or (ii) have no established commercial flight application. (E) Silencers. (F) Long-range acoustic devices. (G) Items in the Federal Supply Class of banned items. (2) The Secretary may not require, as a condition of a transfer under this section, that a Federal or State agency demonstrate the use of any small arms or ammunition. (3) The limitations under this subsection shall also apply with respect to the transfer of previously transferred property of the Department of Defense from one Federal or State agency to another such agency. (4) (A) The Secretary may waive the applicability of paragraph (1) to a vehicle described in subparagraph (B) of such paragraph (other than a mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicle), if the Secretary determines that such a waiver is necessary for disaster or rescue purposes or for another purpose where life and public safety are at risk, as demonstrated by the proposed recipient of the vehicle. (B) If the Secretary issues a waiver under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall— (i) submit to Congress notice of the waiver, and post such notice on a public Internet website of the Department of Defense, by not later than 30 days after the date on which the waiver is issued; and (ii) require, as a condition of the waiver, that the recipient of the vehicle for which the waiver is issued provides public notice of the waiver and the transfer, including the type of vehicle and the purpose for which it is transferred, in the jurisdiction where the recipient is located by not later than 30 days after the date on which the waiver is issued. (5) The Secretary may provide for an exemption to the limitation under subparagraph (D) of paragraph (1) in the case of parts for aircraft described in such subparagraph that are transferred as part of regular maintenance of aircraft in an existing fleet. (6) The Secretary shall require, as a condition of any transfer of property under this section, that the Federal or State agency that receives the property shall return the property to the Secretary if the agency— (A) is investigated by the Department of Justice for any violation of civil liberties; or (B) is otherwise found to have engaged in widespread abuses of civil liberties. (g) Conditions for extension of program Notwithstanding any other provision of law, amounts authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available for any fiscal year may not be obligated or expended to carry out this section unless the Secretary submits to Congress certification that, for the preceding fiscal year— (1) each Federal or State agency that has received controlled property transferred under this section has— (A) demonstrated 100 percent accountability for all such property, in accordance with paragraph (2) or (3), as applicable; or (B) been suspended from the program pursuant to paragraph (4); (2) with respect to each non-Federal agency that has received controlled property under this section, the State coordinator responsible for each such agency has verified that the coordinator or an agent of the coordinator has conducted an in-person inventory of the property transferred to the agency and that 100 percent of such property was accounted for during the inventory or that the agency has been suspended from the program pursuant to paragraph (4); (3) with respect to each Federal agency that has received controlled property under this section, the Secretary of Defense or an agent of the Secretary has conducted an in-person inventory of the property transferred to the agency and determined that 100 percent of such property was accounted for during the inventory or that the agency has been suspended from the program pursuant to paragraph (4); (4) the eligibility of any agency that has received controlled property under this section for which 100 percent of the property was not accounted for during an inventory described in paragraph (2) or (3), as applicable, to receive any property transferred under this section has been suspended; (5) each State coordinator has certified, for each non-Federal agency located in the State for which the State coordinator is responsible, that— (A) the agency has complied with all requirements under this section; or (B) the eligibility of the agency to receive property transferred under this section has been suspended; and (6) the Secretary of Defense has certified, for each Federal agency that has received property under this section, that— (A) the agency has complied with all requirements under this section; or (B) the eligibility of the agency to receive property transferred under this section has been suspended. (h) Prohibition on ownership of controlled property A Federal or State agency that receives controlled property under this section may not take ownership of the property. (i) Notice to Congress of property downgrades Not later than 30 days before downgrading the classification of any item of personal property from controlled or Federal Supply Class, the Secretary shall submit to Congress notice of the proposed downgrade. (j) Notice to Congress of property cannibalization Before the Defense Logistics Agency authorizes the recipient of property transferred under this section to cannibalize the property, the Secretary shall submit to Congress notice of such authorization, including the name of the recipient requesting the authorization, the purpose of the proposed cannibalization, and the type of property proposed to be cannibalized. (k) Quarterly reports on use of controlled property Not later than 30 days after the last day of a fiscal quarter, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on any uses of controlled property transferred under this section during that fiscal quarter. (l) Reports to Congress Not later than 30 days after the last day of a fiscal year, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the following for the preceding fiscal year: (1) The percentage of property lost by recipients of property transferred under this section, including specific information about the type of property lost, the monetary value of such property, and the recipient that lost the property. (2) The transfer of any new (condition code A) property transferred under this section, including specific information about the type of property, the recipient of the property, the monetary value of each item of the property, and the total monetary value of all such property transferred during the fiscal year. . (2) Effective date The amendments made by paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to any transfer of property made after the date of the enactment of this Act. 366. Public safety innovation grants (a) Byrne grants used for local task forces on public safety innovation Section 501(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10152(a) ), as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following: (3) Local task forces on public safety innovation (A) Definition The term local task force on public safety innovation means an administrative entity, created from partnerships between community-based organizations and other local stakeholders, that may develop innovative law enforcement and non-law enforcement strategies to enhance just and equitable public safety, repair breaches of trust between law enforcement agencies and the community they pledge to serve, and enhance accountability of law enforcement officers. (B) Best practices; task forces A law enforcement program under paragraph (1)(A) may include the development of best practices for and the creation of local task forces on public safety innovation, charged with exploring and developing new strategies for public safety, including non-law enforcement strategies. . (b) Crisis Intervention Teams Section 501(c) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10152(c) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (3) In the case of crisis intervention teams funded under subsection (a)(1)(H), a program assessment under this subsection shall contain a report on best practices for crisis intervention. . (c) DOJ grants The Attorney General shall establish a grant program to award grants to States and units of local government to establish unarmed civilian government departments to enforce traffic violations. (d) HHS grants The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall award grants to States and political subdivisions of States to establish programs that hire, employ, train, and dispatch mental health and social service professionals to respond to police calls involving individuals identified as— (1) having a mental illness or an intellectual or developmental disability; (2) experiencing a mental health crisis; or (3) under the influence of a legal or illegal substance. C Law Enforcement Body Cameras I Federal Police Camera and Accountability Act 371. Short title This part may be cited as the Federal Police Camera and Accountability Act . 372. Requirements for Federal law enforcement officers regarding the use of body cameras (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Enforcement or investigative stop The term enforcement or investigative stop has the meaning given the term in section 373. (2) Minor The term minor means any individual under 18 years of age. (3) Subject of the video footage The term subject of the video footage — (A) means any identifiable Federal law enforcement officer or any identifiable suspect, victim, detainee, conversant, injured party, or other similarly situated person who appears on the body camera recording; and (B) does not include people who only incidentally appear on the recording. (4) Video footage The term video footage means any images or audio recorded by a body camera. (b) Requirement to wear body camera (1) In general Federal law enforcement officers shall wear a body camera. (2) Requirement for body camera A body camera required under paragraph (1) shall— (A) have a field of view at least as broad as the officer's vision; and (B) be worn in a manner that maximizes the camera's ability to capture video footage of the officer's activities. (c) Requirement to activate (1) In general Both the video and audio recording functions of the body camera shall be activated whenever a Federal law enforcement officer is responding to a call for service or at the initiation of any other enforcement or investigative stop between a Federal law enforcement officer and a member of the public, except that when an immediate threat to the officer's life or safety makes activating the camera impossible or dangerous, the officer shall activate the camera at the first reasonable opportunity to do so. (2) Allowable deactivation The body camera shall not be deactivated until the stop has fully concluded and the Federal law enforcement officer leaves the scene. (d) Notification of subject of recording A Federal law enforcement officer who is wearing a body camera shall notify any subject of the recording that he or she is being recorded by a body camera as close to the inception of the stop as is reasonably possible. (e) Requirements Notwithstanding subsection (c), the following shall apply to the use of a body camera: (1) Prior to entering a private residence without a warrant or in non-exigent circumstances, a Federal law enforcement officer shall ask the occupant if the occupant wants the officer to discontinue use of the officer's body camera. If the occupant responds affirmatively, the Federal law enforcement officer shall immediately discontinue use of the body camera. (2) When interacting with an apparent crime victim, a Federal law enforcement officer shall, as soon as practicable, ask the apparent crime victim if the apparent crime victim wants the officer to discontinue use of the officer's body camera. If the apparent crime victim responds affirmatively, the Federal law enforcement officer shall immediately discontinue use of the body camera. (3) When interacting with a person seeking to anonymously report a crime or assist in an ongoing law enforcement investigation, a Federal law enforcement officer shall, as soon as practicable, ask the person if the person wants the officer to discontinue use of the officer's body camera. If the person responds affirmatively, the Federal law enforcement officer shall immediately discontinue use of the body camera. (f) Recording of offers To discontinue use of body camera Each offer of a Federal law enforcement officer to discontinue the use of a body camera made pursuant to subsection (e), and the responses thereto, shall be recorded by the body camera prior to discontinuing use of the body camera. (g) Limitations on use of body camera Body cameras shall not be used to gather intelligence information based on speech, associations, or religion protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, or to record activity that is unrelated to a response to a call for service or an enforcement or investigative stop between a law enforcement officer and a member of the public, and shall not be equipped with or employ any facial recognition technologies. (h) Exceptions Federal law enforcement officers— (1) shall not be required to use body cameras during enforcement or investigative stops with the public in the case that— (A) recording would risk the safety of a confidential informant, citizen informant, or undercover officer; (B) recording would pose a serious risk to national security; or (C) the officer is a military police officer, a member of the United States Army Criminal Investigation Command, or a member of a protective detail assigned to a Federal or foreign official while performing his or her duties; and (2) shall not activate a body camera while on the grounds of any public, private, or parochial elementary or secondary school, except when responding to an imminent threat to life or health. (i) Retention of footage (1) In general Body camera video footage shall be retained by the law enforcement agency that employs the officer whose camera captured the footage, or an authorized agent thereof, for 6 months after the date it was recorded, after which time such footage shall be permanently deleted. (2) Right to inspect During the 6-month retention period described in paragraph (1), the following persons shall have the right to inspect the body camera video footage: (A) Any person who is a subject of the video footage, and their designated legal counsel. (B) A parent or legal guardian of a minor subject of the video footage, and their designated legal counsel. (C) The spouse, next of kin, or legally authorized designee of a deceased subject of the video footage, and their designated legal counsel. (D) A Federal law enforcement officer whose body camera recorded the video footage, and their designated legal counsel, subject to the limitations and restrictions in this part. (E) The superior officer of a Federal law enforcement officer whose body camera recorded the video footage, subject to the limitations and restrictions in this part. (F) Any defense counsel who claims, pursuant to a written affidavit, to have a reasonable basis for believing the video footage may contain evidence that exculpates a client. (3) Limitation The right to inspect body camera video footage under paragraph (2) shall not include the right to possess a copy of the body camera video footage, unless the release of the body camera video footage is otherwise authorized by this part or by another applicable law. When a body camera fails to capture some or all of the audio or video of an incident due to malfunction, displacement of camera, or any other cause, any audio or video footage that is captured shall be treated the same as any other body camera audio or video footage under this part. (j) Additional retention requirements Notwithstanding the retention and deletion requirements in subsection (i), the following shall apply to body camera video footage under this part: (1) Body camera video footage shall be automatically retained for not less than 3 years if the video footage captures an interaction or event involving— (A) any use of force; or (B) any stop about which a complaint has been registered by a subject of the video footage. (2) Body camera video footage shall be retained for not less than 3 years if a longer retention period is voluntarily requested by— (A) the Federal law enforcement officer whose body camera recorded the video footage, if that officer reasonably asserts the video footage has evidentiary or exculpatory value in an ongoing investigation; (B) any Federal law enforcement officer who is a subject of the video footage, if that officer reasonably asserts the video footage has evidentiary or exculpatory value; (C) any superior officer of a Federal law enforcement officer whose body camera recorded the video footage or who is a subject of the video footage, if that superior officer reasonably asserts the video footage has evidentiary or exculpatory value; (D) any Federal law enforcement officer, if the video footage is being retained solely and exclusively for police training purposes; (E) any member of the public who is a subject of the video footage; (F) any parent or legal guardian of a minor who is a subject of the video footage; or (G) the spouse, next of kin, or legally authorized designee of a deceased subject of the video footage. (k) Public review For purposes of subparagraphs (E), (F), and (G) of subsection (j)(2), any member of the public who is a subject of video footage, the parent or legal guardian of a minor who is a subject of the video footage, or the spouse, next of kin, or legally authorized designee of a deceased subject of the video footage, shall be permitted to review the specific video footage in question in order to make a determination as to whether that person will voluntarily request that the video footage be subject to a minimum 3-year retention period. (l) Disclosure (1) In general Except as provided in paragraph (2), all video footage of an interaction or event captured by a body camera, if that interaction or event is identified with reasonable specificity and requested by a member of the public, shall be provided to the person or entity making the request in accordance with the procedures for requesting and providing government records set forth in the section 552a of title 5, United States Code. (2) Exceptions The following categories of video footage shall not be released to the public in the absence of express written permission from the non-law enforcement subjects of the video footage: (A) Video footage not subject to a minimum 3-year retention period pursuant to subsection (j). (B) Video footage that is subject to a minimum 3-year retention period solely and exclusively pursuant to paragraph (1)(B) or (2) of subsection (j). (3) Priority of requests Notwithstanding any time periods established for acknowledging and responding to records requests in section 552a of title 5, United States Code, responses to requests for video footage that is subject to a minimum 3-year retention period pursuant to subsection (j)(1)(A), where a subject of the video footage is recorded being killed, shot by a firearm, or grievously injured, shall be prioritized and, if approved, the requested video footage shall be provided as expeditiously as possible, but in no circumstances later than 5 days following receipt of the request. (4) Use of redaction technology (A) In general Whenever doing so is necessary to protect personal privacy, the right to a fair trial, the identity of a confidential source or crime victim, or the life or physical safety of any person appearing in video footage, redaction technology may be used to obscure the face and other personally identifying characteristics of that person, including the tone of the person's voice, provided the redaction does not interfere with a viewer's ability to fully, completely, and accurately comprehend the events captured on the video footage. (B) Requirements The following requirements shall apply to redactions under subparagraph (A): (i) When redaction is performed on video footage pursuant to this paragraph, an unedited, original version of the video footage shall be retained pursuant to the requirements of subsections (i) and (j). (ii) Except pursuant to the rules for the redaction of video footage set forth in this subsection or where it is otherwise expressly authorized by this Act, no other editing or alteration of video footage, including a reduction of the video footage's resolution, shall be permitted. (m) Prohibited withholding of footage Body camera video footage may not be withheld from the public on the basis that it is an investigatory record or was compiled for law enforcement purposes where any person under investigation or whose conduct is under review is a police officer or other law enforcement employee and the video footage relates to that person's conduct in their official capacity. (n) Admissibility Any video footage retained beyond 6 months solely and exclusively pursuant to subsection (j)(2)(D) shall not be admissible as evidence in any criminal or civil legal or administrative proceeding. (o) Confidentiality No government agency or official, or law enforcement agency, officer, or official, may publicly disclose, release, or share body camera video footage unless— (1) doing so is expressly authorized pursuant to this part or another applicable law; or (2) the video footage is subject to public release pursuant to subsection (l), and not exempted from public release pursuant to subsection (l)(2). (p) Limitation on Federal law enforcement officer viewing of body camera footage No Federal law enforcement officer shall review or receive an accounting of any body camera video footage that is subject to a minimum 3-year retention period pursuant to subsection (j)(1) prior to completing any required initial reports, statements, and interviews regarding the recorded event, unless doing so is necessary, while in the field, to address an immediate threat to life or safety. (q) Additional limitations Video footage may not be— (1) in the case of footage that is not subject to a minimum 3-year retention period, viewed by any superior officer of a Federal law enforcement officer whose body camera recorded the footage absent a specific allegation of misconduct; or (2) divulged or used by any law enforcement agency for any commercial or other non-law enforcement purpose. (r) Third-Party maintenance of footage Where a law enforcement agency authorizes a third party to act as its agent in maintaining body camera footage, the agent shall not be permitted to independently access, view, or alter any video footage, except to delete videos as required by law or agency retention policies. (s) Enforcement (1) In general If any Federal law enforcement officer, or any employee or agent of a Federal law enforcement agency, fails to adhere to the recording or retention requirements contained in this part, intentionally interferes with a body camera’s ability to accurately capture video footage, or otherwise manipulates the video footage captured by a body camera during or after its operation— (A) appropriate disciplinary action shall be taken against the individual officer, employee, or agent; (B) a rebuttable evidentiary presumption shall be adopted in favor of a criminal defendant who reasonably asserts that exculpatory evidence was destroyed or not captured; and (C) a rebuttable evidentiary presumption shall be adopted on behalf of a civil plaintiff suing the Government, a Federal law enforcement agency, or a Federal law enforcement officer for damages based on misconduct who reasonably asserts that evidence supporting their claim was destroyed or not captured. (2) Proof compliance was impossible The disciplinary action requirement and rebuttable presumptions described in paragraph (1) may be overcome by contrary evidence or proof of exigent circumstances that made compliance impossible. (t) Use of force investigations If a Federal law enforcement officer equipped with a body camera is involved in, a witness to, or within viewable sight range of the use of force by another law enforcement officer that results in a death, the use of force by another law enforcement officer, during which the discharge of a firearm results in an injury, or the conduct of another law enforcement officer that becomes the subject of a criminal investigation— (1) the Federal law enforcement agency that employs the Federal law enforcement officer, or the agency or department conducting the related criminal investigation, as appropriate, shall promptly take possession of the body camera, and shall maintain such camera, and any data on such camera, in accordance with the applicable rules governing the preservation of evidence; (2) a copy of the data on such body camera shall be made in accordance with prevailing forensic standards for data collection and reproduction; and (3) such copied data shall be made available to the public in accordance with subsection (l). (u) Limitation on use of footage as evidence Any body camera video footage recorded by a Federal law enforcement officer that violates this part or any other applicable law may not be offered as evidence by any government entity, agency, department, prosecutorial office, or any other subdivision thereof in any criminal or civil action or proceeding against any member of the public. (v) Publication of agency policies Any Federal law enforcement agency policy or other guidance regarding body cameras, their use, or the video footage therefrom that is adopted by a Federal agency or department shall be made publicly available on that agency’s website. (w) Rule of construction Nothing in this part shall be construed to preempt any laws governing the maintenance, production, and destruction of evidence in criminal investigations and prosecutions. 373. Patrol vehicles with in-car video recording cameras (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Audio recording The term audio recording means the recorded conversation between a Federal law enforcement officer and a second party. (2) Emergency lights The term emergency lights means oscillating, rotating, or flashing lights on patrol vehicles. (3) Enforcement or investigative stop The term enforcement or investigative stop means an action by a Federal law enforcement officer in relation to enforcement and investigation duties, including traffic stops, pedestrian stops, abandoned vehicle contacts, motorist assists, commercial motor vehicle stops, roadside safety checks, requests for identification, or responses to requests for emergency assistance. (4) In-car video camera The term in-car video camera means a video camera located in a patrol vehicle. (5) In-car video camera recording equipment The term in-car video camera recording equipment means a video camera recording system located in a patrol vehicle consisting of a camera assembly, a recording mechanism, and an in-car video recording medium. (6) Recording The term recording means the process of capturing data or information stored on a recording medium as required under this section. (7) Recording medium The term recording medium means any recording medium for the retention and playback of recorded audio and video, including VHS, DVD, hard drive, solid state, digital, or flash memory technology. (8) Wireless microphone The term wireless microphone means a device worn by a Federal law enforcement officer or any other equipment used to record conversations between the officer and a second party and transmitted to the recording equipment. (b) Requirements (1) In general Each Federal law enforcement agency shall install in-car video camera recording equipment in all patrol vehicles with a recording medium capable of recording for a period of 10 hours or more and capable of making audio recordings with the assistance of a wireless microphone. (2) Recording equipment requirements In-car video camera recording equipment with a recording medium capable of recording for a period of 10 hours or more shall record activities— (A) whenever a patrol vehicle is assigned to patrol duty; (B) outside a patrol vehicle whenever— (i) a Federal law enforcement officer assigned that patrol vehicle is conducting an enforcement or investigative stop; (ii) patrol vehicle emergency lights are activated or would otherwise be activated if not for the need to conceal the presence of law enforcement; or (iii) an officer reasonably believes recording may assist with prosecution, enhance safety, or serve any other lawful purpose; and (C) inside a patrol vehicle when transporting an arrestee or when an officer reasonably believes recording may assist with prosecution, enhance safety, or serve any other lawful purpose. (3) Requirements for recording (A) In general A Federal law enforcement officer shall begin recording for an enforcement or investigative stop when the officer determines an enforcement stop is necessary and shall continue until the enforcement action has been completed and the subject of the enforcement or investigative stop or the officer has left the scene. (B) Activation with lights A Federal law enforcement officer shall begin recording when patrol vehicle emergency lights are activated or when they would otherwise be activated if not for the need to conceal the presence of law enforcement, and shall continue until the reason for the activation ceases to exist, regardless of whether the emergency lights are no longer activated. (C) Permissible recording A Federal law enforcement officer— (i) may begin recording if the officer reasonably believes recording may assist with prosecution, enhance safety, or serve any other lawful purpose; and (ii) shall continue recording until the reason for recording ceases to exist. (4) Enforcement or investigative stops A Federal law enforcement officer shall record any enforcement or investigative stop. Audio recording shall terminate upon release of the violator and prior to initiating a separate criminal investigation. (c) Retention of recordings Recordings made on an in-car video camera recording medium shall be retained for a storage period of not less than 90 days. Under no circumstances shall any recording made on an in-car video camera recording medium be altered or erased prior to the expiration of the designated storage period. Upon expiration of the storage period, the recording medium may be erased and reissued for operational use unless otherwise ordered or if designated for evidentiary or training purposes. (d) Accessibility of recordings Audio or video recordings made pursuant to this section shall be available under the applicable provisions of section 552a of title 5, United States Code. Only recorded portions of the audio recording or video recording medium applicable to the request shall be available for inspection or copying. (e) Maintenance required A Federal law enforcement agency shall ensure proper care and maintenance of in-car video camera recording equipment and recording medium. A Federal law enforcement officer operating a patrol vehicle shall immediately document and notify the appropriate person of any technical difficulties, failures, or problems with the in-car video camera recording equipment or recording medium. Upon receiving notice, every reasonable effort shall be made to correct and repair any of the in-car video camera recording equipment or recording medium and determine if it is in the public interest to permit the use of the patrol vehicle. 374. Facial recognition technology No camera or recording device authorized or required to be used under this part may be equipped with or employ facial recognition technology, and footage from such a camera or recording device may not be subjected to facial recognition technology. 375. GAO study Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on Federal law enforcement officer training, vehicle pursuits, use of force, and interaction with citizens, and submit a report on such study to— (1) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; (2) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives; (3) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and (4) the Committee on Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives. 376. Regulations Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall issue such final regulations as are necessary to carry out this part. 377. Rule of construction Nothing in this part shall be construed to impose any requirement on a Federal law enforcement officer outside of the course of carrying out that officer’s duty. II Police CAMERA Act 381. Short title This part may be cited as the Police Creating Accountability by Making Effective Recording Available Act of 2024 or the Police CAMERA Act of 2024 . 382. Law enforcement body-worn camera requirements (a) Use of funds requirements Section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10153(a) ), as amended by section 334, is amended by adding at the end the following: (10) An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by the application, the applicant will use not less than 5 percent of the total amount of the grant award for the fiscal year to develop policies and protocols in compliance with part PP. . (b) Requirements Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10101 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: PP Law enforcement body-worn cameras and recorded data 3061. Use of grant funds (a) In general Grant amounts described in paragraph (10) of section 502(a) of this title— (1) shall be used— (A) to purchase or lease body-worn cameras for use by State, local, and tribal law enforcement officers (as defined in section 2503); (B) for expenses related to the implementation of a body-worn camera program in order to deter excessive force, improve accountability and transparency of use of force by law enforcement officers, assist in responding to complaints against law enforcement officers, and improve evidence collection; and (C) to implement policies or procedures to comply with the requirements described in subsection (b); and (2) may not be used for expenses related to facial recognition technology. (b) Requirements A recipient of a grant under subpart 1 of part E of this title shall— (1) establish policies and procedures in accordance with the requirements described in subsection (c) before law enforcement officers' use of body-worn cameras; (2) adopt recorded data collection and retention protocols as described in subsection (d) before law enforcement officers' use of body-worn cameras; (3) make the policies and protocols described in paragraphs (1) and (2) available to the public; and (4) comply with the requirements for use of recorded data under subsection (f). (c) Required policies and procedures A recipient of a grant under subpart 1 of part E of this title shall— (1) develop with community input and publish for public view policies and protocols for— (A) the safe and effective use of body-worn cameras; (B) the secure storage, handling, and destruction of recorded data collected by body-worn cameras; (C) protecting the privacy rights of any individual who may be recorded by a body-worn camera; (D) the release of any recorded data collected by a body-worn camera in accordance with the open records laws, if any, of the State; and (E) making recorded data available to prosecutors, defense attorneys, and other officers of the court; and (2) conduct periodic evaluations of the security of the storage and handling of the body-worn camera data. (d) Recorded data collection and retention protocol The recorded data collection and retention protocol described in this paragraph is a protocol that— (1) requires— (A) a law enforcement officer who is wearing a body-worn camera to provide an explanation if an activity that is required to be recorded by the body-worn camera is not recorded; (B) a law enforcement officer who is wearing a body-worn camera to obtain consent to be recorded from a crime victim or witness before interviewing the victim or witness; (C) the collection of recorded data unrelated to a legitimate law enforcement purpose to be minimized to the greatest extent practicable; (D) the system used to store recorded data collected by body-worn cameras to log all viewing, modification, or deletion of stored recorded data and to prevent, to the greatest extent practicable, the unauthorized access or disclosure of stored recorded data; (E) that any law enforcement officer be prohibited from accessing the stored data without an authorized purpose; and (F) the law enforcement agency to collect and report statistical data on— (i) incidences of use of force, disaggregated by race, ethnicity, gender, and age of the victim; (ii) the number of complaints filed against law enforcement officers; (iii) the disposition of complaints filed against law enforcement officers; (iv) the number of times camera footage is used for evidence collection in investigations of crimes; and (v) any other additional statistical data that the Attorney General determines should be collected and reported; (2) allows an individual to file a complaint with a law enforcement agency relating to the improper use of body-worn cameras; and (3) complies with any other requirements established by the Attorney General. (e) Reporting Statistical data required to be collected under subsection (d)(1)(D) shall be reported to the Attorney General, who shall— (1) establish a standardized reporting system for statistical data collected under the programs described in subsection (a)(1)(B); and (2) establish a national database of statistical data recorded under the programs described in subsection (a)(1)(B). (f) Use or transfer of recorded data (1) In general Recorded data collected by an entity receiving a grant under subpart 1 of part E of this title from a body-worn camera shall be used only in internal and external investigations of misconduct by a law enforcement agency or officer, if there is reasonable suspicion that a recording contains evidence of a crime, or for limited training purposes. The Attorney General shall establish rules to ensure that the recorded data is used only for the purposes described in this paragraph. (2) Prohibition on transfer Except as provided in paragraph (3), an entity receiving a grant under subpart 1 of part E of this title may not transfer any recorded data collected by the entity from a body-worn camera to another law enforcement or intelligence agency. (3) Exceptions (A) Criminal investigation An entity receiving a grant under subpart 1 of part E of this title may transfer recorded data collected by the entity from a body-worn camera to another law enforcement agency or intelligence agency for use in a criminal investigation if the requesting law enforcement or intelligence agency has reasonable suspicion that the requested data contains evidence relating to the crime being investigated. (B) Civil rights claims An entity receiving a grant under subpart 1 of part E of this title may transfer recorded data collected by the law enforcement agency from a body-worn camera to another law enforcement agency for use in an investigation of the violation of any right, privilege, or immunity secured or protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States. (g) Audit and assessment (1) In general Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this part, the Director of the Office of Audit, Assessment, and Management shall perform an assessment of the use of funds under this section and the policies and protocols of the grantees subject to the requirements of this section. (2) Reports Not later than September 1 of each year, beginning 2 years after the date of enactment of this part, each recipient of a grant under subpart 1 of part E of this title shall submit to the Director of the Office of Audit, Assessment, and Management a report that— (A) describes the progress of the body-worn camera program described in subsection (a)(1)(B); and (B) contains recommendations on ways in which the Federal Government, States, and units of local government can further support the implementation of the body-worn camera program described in subsection (a)(1)(B). (3) Review The Director of the Office of Audit, Assessment, and Management shall evaluate the policies and protocols of the grantees subject to the requirements of this section and take such steps as the Director of the Office of Audit, Assessment, and Management determines necessary to ensure compliance with this section. 3062. Body-worn camera training toolkit (a) In general The Attorney General shall establish and maintain a body-worn camera training toolkit for law enforcement agencies, academia, and other relevant entities to provide training and technical assistance, including best practices for implementation, model policies and procedures, and research materials. (b) Mechanism In establishing the toolkit required to under subsection (a), the Attorney General may consolidate research, practices, templates, and tools that been developed by expert and law enforcement agencies across the country. 3063. Study (a) In general Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Police CAMERA Act of 2024, the Attorney General shall conduct a study on— (1) the efficacy of body-worn cameras in deterring excessive force by law enforcement officers; (2) the impact of body-worn cameras on the accountability and transparency of the use of force by law enforcement officers; (3) the impact of body-worn cameras on responses to and adjudications of complaints of excessive force; (4) the effect of the use of body-worn cameras on the safety of law enforcement officers on patrol; (5) the effect of the use of body-worn cameras on public safety; (6) the impact of body-worn cameras on evidence collection for criminal investigations; (7) issues relating to the secure storage and handling of recorded data from the body-worn cameras; (8) issues relating to the privacy of individuals and officers recorded on body-worn cameras; (9) issues relating to the constitutional rights of individuals on whom facial recognition technology is used; (10) issues relating to limitations on the use of facial recognition technology; (11) issues relating to the public’s access to body-worn camera footage; (12) the need for proper training of law enforcement officers that use body-worn cameras; (13) best practices in the development of protocols for the safe and effective use of body-worn cameras; (14) a review of law enforcement agencies that found body-worn cameras to be unhelpful in the operations of the agencies; and (15) any other factors that the Attorney General determines are relevant in evaluating the efficacy of body-worn cameras. (b) Report Not later than 180 days after the date on which the study required under subsection (a) is completed, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report on the study, which shall include any policy recommendations that the Attorney General considers appropriate. . IV Closing the Law Enforcement Consent Loophole 401. Short title This title may be cited as the Closing the Law Enforcement Consent Loophole Act of 2024 . 402. Prohibition on engaging in sexual acts while acting under color of law (a) In general Section 2243 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) in the section heading, by adding at the end the following: , or of an individual by any person acting under color of law ; (2) by redesignating subsections (d) and (e) as subsections (e) and (f), respectively; and (3) by inserting after subsection (c) the following: (d) Of an individual by any person acting under color of law (1) In general Whoever, acting under color of law, knowingly engages in a sexual act with an individual, including an individual who is under arrest, in detention, or otherwise in the actual custody of any Federal law enforcement officer, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both. (2) Consent not a defense In a prosecution under paragraph (1), it is not a defense that the other individual consented to the sexual act. (3) Definition In this subsection, the term sexual act has the meaning given the term in section 2246. . (b) Clerical amendment The table of sections for chapter 109A of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 2243 and inserting the following: 2243. Sexual abuse of a minor, a ward, or an individual in Federal custody, or of an individual by any person acting under color of law. . 403. Enactment of laws penalizing engaging in sexual acts while acting under color of law (a) In general Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act— (1) in the case of a State or unit of local government that does not have in effect a law described in subsection (b), if the State or unit of local government would otherwise receive funds under the COPS grant program, the State or unit of local government shall not be eligible to receive such funds; and (2) in the case of a multi-jurisdictional or regional consortium, if any member of the consortium is a State or unit of local government that does not have in effect a law described in subsection (b), and the consortium would otherwise receive funds under the COPS grant program, the consortium shall not be eligible to receive such funds. (b) Description of law A law described in this subsection is a law that— (1) makes it a criminal offense for any person acting under color of law of the State or unit of local government to engage in a sexual act with an individual, including an individual who is under arrest, in detention, or otherwise in the actual custody of any law enforcement officer; and (2) prohibits a person charged with an offense described in paragraph (1) from asserting the consent of the other individual as a defense. (c) Reporting requirement A State or unit of local government that receives a grant under the COPS grant program shall submit to the Attorney General, on an annual basis, information on— (1) the number of reports made to law enforcement agencies of that State or unit of local government regarding persons engaging in a sexual act while acting under color of law during the previous year; and (2) the disposition of each case in which sexual misconduct by a person acting under color of law was reported during the previous year. 404. Reports to Congress (a) Report by Attorney General Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report containing— (1) the information required to be reported to the Attorney General under section 403(c); and (2) information on— (A) the number of reports made during the previous year to Federal law enforcement agencies regarding persons engaging in a sexual act while acting under color of law; and (B) the disposition of each case in which sexual misconduct by a person acting under color of law was reported. (b) Report by GAO Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report on any violations of subsection (d) of section 2243 of title 18, United States Code, as added by section 402, committed during the 1-year period covered by the report. 405. Definition In this title, the term sexual act has the meaning given the term in section 2246 of title 18, United States Code. V Miscellaneous Provisions 501. Severability If any provision of this Act, or the application of such a provision to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act and the application of the remaining provisions of this Act to any person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. 502. Savings clause Nothing in this Act shall be construed— (1) to limit legal or administrative remedies under section 1979 of the Revised Statutes ( 42 U.S.C. 1983 ), section 210401 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 ( 34 U.S.C. 12601 ), title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( 34 U.S.C. 10101 et seq. ), or title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ( 42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq. ); (2) to affect any Federal, State, or Tribal law that applies to an Indian Tribe because of the political status of the Indian Tribe; or (3) to waive the sovereign immunity of an Indian Tribe without the consent of the Indian Tribe.