Recognizing the forthcoming centennial of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre.

Bill: 117-hres-398
Sponsor: full_name: Rep. Jackson Lee, Sheila [D-TX-18]
Introduced: 2021-05-14
Policy area: Civil Rights and Liberties, Minority Issues
Subjects: Civil disturbances

Commemorative events and holidays

Congressional tributes

Crime victims

Crimes against property

Fires

Hate crimes

Oklahoma

Racial and ethnic relations

Terrorism

U.S. history

Violent crime
Latest action: action_date: 2021-05-18
text: Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 403, H. Res. 398 is considered passed House. (consideration: CR H2481-2482; text: CR H2481-2482)

Summaries:
action_date: 2021-05-14
action_desc: Introduced in House
text: <p>This resolution expresses the sense of the House of Representatives that the United States can achieve a more perfect union by condemning the violence and destruction perpetrated against the African American community of Greenwood in Tulsa, Oklahoma.</p> <p>The resolution states that a more perfect union may be achieved through other means as well, including by promoting tolerance and unity, and it recognizes Congress's commitment to acknowledge and learn from the history of racism and racial violence in the United States in order to reverse the legacy of white supremacy and fight for racial justice.</p>

action_date: 2021-05-18
action_desc: Passed House
text: <p>This resolution expresses the sense of the House of Representatives that the United States can achieve a more perfect union by condemning the violence and destruction perpetrated against the African American community of Greenwood in Tulsa, Oklahoma.</p> <p>The resolution states that a more perfect union may be achieved through other means as well, including by promoting tolerance and unity, and it recognizes Congress's commitment to acknowledge and learn from the history of racism and racial violence in the United States in order to reverse the legacy of white supremacy and fight for racial justice.</p>

tv_txt: IV 117th CONGRESS 1st Session H. RES. 398 In the House of Representatives, U. S., May 18, 2021 RESOLUTION Recognizing the forthcoming centennial of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre.

Whereas, in the early 20th century, de jure segregation confined Tulsa’s Black residents into the Greenwood District , which they built into a thriving community with a nationally renowned entrepreneurial center known as the Black Wall Street ; Whereas, at the time, White supremacy and racist violence were common throughout the United States and went largely unchecked by the justice system; Whereas reports of an alleged and disputed incident on the morning of May 30, 1921, between two teenagers, a Black man and a White woman, caused the White community of Tulsa, including the Tulsa Tribune, to call for a lynching amidst a climate of White racial hostility and White resentment over Black economic success; Whereas, on May 31, 1921, a mob of armed White men descended upon Tulsa’s Greenwood District and launched what is now known as the Tulsa Race Massacre ; Whereas Tulsa municipal and county authorities failed to take actions to calm or contain the violence, and civil and law enforcement officials deputized many White men who were participants in the violence as their agents, directly contributing to the violence through overt and often illegal acts; Whereas, over a period of 24 hours, the White mob’s violence led to the death of an estimated 300 Black residents, as well as over 800 reports of injuries; Whereas the White mob looted, damaged, burned, or otherwise destroyed approximately 40 square blocks of the Greenwood district, including an estimated 1,256 homes of Black residents, as well as virtually every other structure, including churches, schools, businesses, a hospital, and a library, leaving nearly 9,000 Black Tulsans homeless and effectively wiping out tens of millions of dollars in Black prosperity and wealth in Tulsa; Whereas, in the wake of the Tulsa Race Massacre, the Governor of Oklahoma declared martial law, and units of the Oklahoma National Guard participated in the mass arrests of all or nearly all of Greenwood’s surviving residents, removing them from Greenwood to other parts of Tulsa and unlawfully detaining them in holding centers; Whereas Oklahoma local and State governments dismissed claims arising from the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre for decades, and the event was effectively erased from collective memory and history until, in 1997, the Oklahoma State Legislature finally created a commission to study the event; Whereas, on February 28, 2001, the commission issued a report that detailed, for the first time, the extent of the Massacre and decades-long efforts to suppress its recollection; Whereas none of the law enforcement officials nor any of the hundreds of other White mob members who participated in the violence were ever prosecuted or held accountable for the hundreds of lives lost and tens of millions of dollars of Black wealth destroyed, despite the Tulsa Race Massacre Commission confirming their roles in the Massacre, nor was any compensation ever provided to the Massacre’s victims or their descendants; Whereas government and city officials not only abdicated their responsibility to rebuild and repair the Greenwood community in the wake of the violence, but actively blocked efforts to do so, contributing to continued racial disparities in Tulsa akin to those that Black people face across the United States; Whereas the pattern of violence against Black people in the United States, often at the hands of law enforcement, shows that the fight to end State-sanctioned violence against Black people continues; and Whereas the year 2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the Tulsa Race Massacre: Now, therefore, be it

That it is the sense of the House of Representatives that the United States can achieve a more perfect union— (1) by condemning the violence and destruction perpetrated against the African-American community of Greenwood, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the scene of the then-largest single instance of domestic terror against American citizens; (2) through the rejection and active opposition to the false ideology of White supremacy and condemnation of all groups and organizations that ascribe to this false system of belief and seek to perpetuate their views through violence and unlawful conduct; (3) by promoting tolerance and unity and taking actions to ensure that governmental policies and actions do not foster division, disharmony, or intolerance; (4) by calling upon all Americans to celebrate the ethnic, racial, and religious diversity that has made the United States the leader of the community of nations and the beacon of hope and inspiration to oppressed persons everywhere; (5) encouraging all persons in the United States to reflect upon the history of the United States as an imperfect but committed journey to establish a more perfect union and to cherish and exercise the rights, privileges, and responsibilities guaranteed by the Constitution; and (6) recognizes the commitment of Congress to acknowledge and learn from the history of racism and racial violence in the United States, including the Tulsa Race Massacre, to reverse the legacy of White supremacy and fight for racial justice.

Cheryl L. Johnson, Clerk.

tv_txt: IV 117th CONGRESS 1st Session H. RES. 398 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES May 14, 2021 Ms. Jackson Lee (for herself, Mrs. Beatty , Mr. Bishop of Georgia , Ms. Lee of California , Ms. Williams of Georgia , Ms. Plaskett , Mr. Payne , Mrs. Watson Coleman , Mrs. Lawrence , Mr. Connolly , Ms. Pingree , Mrs. Demings , Mr. Johnson of Georgia , Ms. Stevens , Ms. Strickland , Mr. Khanna , Ms. Bass , Mr. Larsen of Washington , Mr. Danny K. Davis of Illinois , Ms. Clark of Massachusetts , Ms. Kelly of Illinois , Ms. Eshoo , Mrs. Bustos , Ms. Schakowsky , Ms. Adams , Mr. Mfume , Mr. Evans , Mr. David Scott of Georgia , Mr. Castro of Texas , Ms. Pressley , Ms. DeGette , Ms. Wilson of Florida , Mr. Pallone , Mrs. Luria , Mr. Cooper , Ms. Moore of Wisconsin , Mr. Blumenauer , Mrs. Trahan , Mr. Butterfield , Ms. Clarke of New York , Mr. Crist , Mr. Schrader , Mr. Jones , Mr. McGovern , Ms. DelBene , Mr. Veasey , Mr. Horsford , Mr. Cleaver , Mr. Ryan , Ms. Omar , Mr. Levin of Michigan , Mr. Price of North Carolina , Mr. Cárdenas , Mr. Rush , Ms. Johnson of Texas , Ms. Waters , Mr. Crow , Mr. Schneider , Mr. Thompson of California , Mr. Cohen , Mr. Green of Texas , Mr. Meeks , Mr. Raskin , Ms. Jacobs of California , Mr. Cicilline , Ms. Kaptur , Mr. Gallego , Ms. Newman , Mr. San Nicolas , Mr. Lawson of Florida , Mr. Espaillat , Mr. Carter of Louisiana , Mr. Sherman , Mr. Pocan , Ms. Garcia of Texas , Mr. Brown , Ms. Davids of Kansas , Mr. Clyburn , Mr. Trone , Mr. McEachin , Ms. Roybal-Allard , Mr. Gomez , Mrs. Fletcher , Mr. Nadler , Ms. Blunt Rochester , Mr. Correa , and Mr. Jeffries ) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary RESOLUTION Recognizing the forthcoming centennial of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre.

Whereas, in the early 20th century, de jure segregation confined Tulsa’s Black residents into the Greenwood District , which they built into a thriving community with a nationally renowned entrepreneurial center known as the Black Wall Street ; Whereas, at the time, White supremacy and racist violence were common throughout the United States and went largely unchecked by the justice system; Whereas reports of an alleged and disputed incident on the morning of May 30, 1921, between two teenagers, a Black man and a White woman, caused the White community of Tulsa, including the Tulsa Tribune, to call for a lynching amidst a climate of White racial hostility and White resentment over Black economic success; Whereas, on May 31, 1921, a mob of armed White men descended upon Tulsa’s Greenwood District and launched what is now known as the Tulsa Race Massacre ; Whereas Tulsa municipal and county authorities failed to take actions to calm or contain the violence, and civil and law enforcement officials deputized many White men who were participants in the violence as their agents, directly contributing to the violence through overt and often illegal acts; Whereas, over a period of 24 hours, the White mob’s violence led to the death of an estimated 300 Black residents, as well as over 800 reports of injuries; Whereas the White mob looted, damaged, burned, or otherwise destroyed approximately 40 square blocks of the Greenwood district, including an estimated 1,256 homes of Black residents, as well as virtually every other structure, including churches, schools, businesses, a hospital, and a library, leaving nearly 9,000 Black Tulsans homeless and effectively wiping out tens of millions of dollars in Black prosperity and wealth in Tulsa; Whereas, in the wake of the Tulsa Race Massacre, the Governor of Oklahoma declared martial law, and units of the Oklahoma National Guard participated in the mass arrests of all or nearly all of Greenwood’s surviving residents, removing them from Greenwood to other parts of Tulsa and unlawfully detaining them in holding centers; Whereas Oklahoma local and State governments dismissed claims arising from the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre for decades, and the event was effectively erased from collective memory and history until, in 1997, the Oklahoma State Legislature finally created a commission to study the event; Whereas, on February 28, 2001, the commission issued a report that detailed, for the first time, the extent of the Massacre and decades-long efforts to suppress its recollection; Whereas none of the law enforcement officials nor any of the hundreds of other White mob members who participated in the violence were ever prosecuted or held accountable for the hundreds of lives lost and tens of millions of dollars of Black wealth destroyed, despite the Tulsa Race Massacre Commission confirming their roles in the Massacre, nor was any compensation ever provided to the Massacre’s victims or their descendants; Whereas government and city officials not only abdicated their responsibility to rebuild and repair the Greenwood community in the wake of the violence, but actively blocked efforts to do so, contributing to continued racial disparities in Tulsa akin to those that Black people face across the United States; Whereas the pattern of violence against Black people in the United States, often at the hands of law enforcement, shows that the fight to end State-sanctioned violence against Black people continues; and Whereas the year 2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the Tulsa Race Massacre: Now, therefore, be it

That it is the sense of the House of Representatives that the United States can achieve a more perfect union— (1) by condemning the violence and destruction perpetrated against the African-American community of Greenwood, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the scene of the then-largest single instance of domestic terror against American citizens; (2) through the rejection and active opposition to the false ideology of White supremacy and condemnation of all groups and organizations that ascribe to this false system of belief and seek to perpetuate their views through violence and unlawful conduct; (3) by promoting tolerance and unity and taking actions to ensure that governmental policies and actions do not foster division, disharmony, or intolerance; (4) by calling upon all Americans to celebrate the ethnic, racial, and religious diversity that has made the United States the leader of the community of nations and the beacon of hope and inspiration to oppressed persons everywhere; (5) encouraging all persons in the United States to reflect upon the history of the United States as an imperfect but committed journey to establish a more perfect union and to cherish and exercise the rights, privileges, and responsibilities guaranteed by the Constitution; and (6) recognizes the commitment of Congress to acknowledge and learn from the history of racism and racial violence in the United States, including the Tulsa Race Massacre, to reverse the legacy of White supremacy and fight for racial justice.