Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act

Bill: 116-s-779
Sponsor: full_name: Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI]
Introduced: 2019-03-13
Policy area: Taxation
Subjects: Accounting and auditing

Administrative law and regulatory procedures

Bank accounts, deposits, capital

Business records

Corporate finance and management

Department of the Treasury

Evidence and witnesses

Federal district courts

Financial services and investments

Foreign and international banking

Foreign and international corporations

Fraud offenses and financial crimes

Government information and archives

Government studies and investigations

Income tax deductions

Interest, dividends, interest rates

Jurisdiction and venue

Securities

Tax administration and collection, taxpayers

Taxation of foreign income

U.S. and foreign investments
Latest action: action_date: 2019-03-13
text: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance.

Summaries:
action_date: 2019-03-13
action_desc: Introduced in Senate
text: <p><b>Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act</b></p> <p> This bill authorizes the Department of the Treasury to impose restrictions on foreign jurisdictions or financial institutions to counter money laundering and efforts to significantly impede U.S. tax enforcement. </p> <p>The bill amends the Internal Revenue Code to</p> <ul> <li> expand reporting requirements for certain foreign investments and accounts held by U.S. persons,</li> <li> establish a rebuttable presumption against the validity of transactions by institutions that do not comply with reporting requirements under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, </li> <li>treat certain foreign corporations managed and controlled primarily in the United States as domestic corporations for tax purposes, </li> <li>treat swap payments sent offshore as taxable U.S. source income, </li> <li>require reporting of United States beneficial owners of foreign-owned financial accounts, </li> <li>impose additional requirements for third party summonses used to obtain information in tax investigations that do not identify the person with respect to whose liability the summons is issued (i.e., John Doe summons), and</li> <li> modify the rules for the taxation of inverted corporations (U.S. corporations that acquire foreign companies to reincorporate in a foreign jurisdiction with income tax rates lower than the United States). </li> </ul> <p>The bill amends the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to (1) require corporations to disclose certain financial information on a country-by-country basis, and (2) impose penalties for failing to disclose offshore holdings. </p> <p>The bill makes investment advisers and persons engaged in forming new business entities subject to new anti-money laundering requirements.</p>

tv_txt: II 116th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 779 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 13, 2019 Mr. Whitehouse (for himself and Mrs. Shaheen ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance A BILL To end offshore corporate tax avoidance, and for other purposes.

1. Short title, etc (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act . (b) Amendment of 1986 code Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a section or other provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (c) Table of contents The table of contents of this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title, etc. Title I—Ending corporate offshore tax avoidance Sec. 101. Repeal of check-the-box rules for certain foreign entities and CFC look-thru rules. Sec. 102. Limitation on deduction of interest by domestic corporations which are members of an international financial reporting group. Sec. 103. Treatment of foreign corporations managed and controlled in the United States as domestic corporations. Sec. 104. Swap payments made from the United States to persons offshore. Sec. 105. Modifications to rules relating to inverted corporations. Sec. 106. Requirement to disclose total corporate taxes paid. Sec. 107. Penalty for election to pay tax on deferred foreign income in installments. Title II—Additional measures to combat tax evasion Sec. 201. Authorizing special measures against foreign jurisdictions, financial institutions, and others that significantly impede United States tax enforcement. Sec. 202. Strengthening the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA). Sec. 203. Reporting United States beneficial owners of foreign owned financial accounts. Sec. 204. Penalty for failing to disclose offshore holdings. Sec. 205. Deadline for anti-money laundering rule for investment advisers. Sec. 206. Anti-money laundering requirements for formation agents. Sec. 207. Strengthening John Doe summons proceedings. Sec. 208. Improving enforcement of foreign financial account reporting. I Ending corporate offshore tax avoidance 101. Repeal of check-the-box rules for certain foreign entities and CFC look-thru rules (a) Check-the-Box rules Paragraph (3) of section 7701(a) is amended— (1) by striking and , and (2) by inserting after insurance companies the following: , and any foreign business entity that— (A) has a single owner that does not have limited liability, or (B) has one or more members all of which have limited liability . (b) Look-Thru rule Subparagraph (C) of section 954(c)(6) is amended to read as follows: (C) Termination Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to dividends, interest, rents, and royalties received or accrued after the date of the enactment of the Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act . . (c) Effective date (1) The amendments made by subsection (a) shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act. (2) The amendment made by subsection (b) shall apply to payments received after the date of the enactment of this Act. 102. Limitation on deduction of interest by domestic corporations which are members of an international financial reporting group (a) In general Section 163 is amended by redesignating subsection (n) as subsection (p) and by inserting after subsection (m) the following new subsection: (n) Limitation on deduction of interest by domestic corporations in international financial reporting groups (1) In general In the case of any domestic corporation which is a member of any international financial reporting group, the deduction under this chapter for interest paid or accrued during the taxable year shall not exceed the sum of— (A) the allowable percentage of 110 percent of the excess (if any) of— (i) the amount of such interest so paid or accrued, over (ii) the amount described in subparagraph (B), plus (B) the amount of interest includible in gross income of such corporation for such taxable year. (2) International financial reporting group (A) For purposes of this subsection, the term international financial reporting group means, with respect to any reporting year, any group of entities which— (i) includes— (I) at least one foreign corporation engaged in a trade or business within the United States, or (II) at least one domestic corporation and one foreign corporation, (ii) prepares consolidated financial statements with respect to such year, and (iii) reports in such statements average annual gross receipts (determined in the aggregate with respect to all entities which are part of such group) for the 3-reporting-year period ending with such reporting year in excess of $100,000,000. (B) Rules relating to determination of average gross receipts For purposes of subparagraph (A)(iii), rules similar to the rules of section 448(c)(3) shall apply. (3) Allowable percentage For purposes of this subsection— (A) In general The term allowable percentage means, with respect to any domestic corporation for any taxable year, the ratio (expressed as a percentage and not greater than 100 percent) of— (i) such corporation’s allocable share of the international financial reporting group’s reported net interest expense for the reporting year of such group which ends in or with such taxable year of such corporation, over (ii) such corporation’s reported net interest expense for such reporting year of such group. (B) Reported net interest expense The term reported net interest expense means— (i) with respect to any international financial reporting group for any reporting year, the excess of— (I) the aggregate amount of interest expense reported in such group’s consolidated financial statements for such taxable year, over (II) the aggregate amount of interest income reported in such group’s consolidated financial statements for such taxable year, and (ii) with respect to any domestic corporation for any reporting year, the excess of— (I) the amount of interest expense of such corporation reported in the books and records of the international financial reporting group which are used in preparing such group’s consolidated financial statements for such taxable year, over (II) the amount of interest income of such corporation reported in such books and records. (C) Allocable share of reported net interest expense With respect to any domestic corporation which is a member of any international financial reporting group, such corporation’s allocable share of such group’s reported net interest expense for any reporting year is the portion of such expense which bears the same ratio to such expense as— (i) the EBITDA of such corporation for such reporting year, bears to (ii) the EBITDA of such group for such reporting year. (D) EBITDA (i) In general The term EBITDA means, with respect to any reporting year, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization— (I) as determined in the international financial reporting group’s consolidated financial statements for such year, or (II) for purposes of subparagraph (A)(i), as determined in the books and records of the international financial reporting group which are used in preparing such statements if not determined in such statements. (ii) Treatment of disregarded entities The EBITDA of any domestic corporation shall not fail to include the EBITDA of any entity which is disregarded for purposes of this chapter. (iii) Treatment of intra-group distributions The EBITDA of any domestic corporation shall be determined without regard to any distribution received by such corporation from any other member of the international financial reporting group. (E) Special rules for non-positive EBITDA (i) Non-positive group EBITDA In the case of any international financial reporting group the EBITDA of which is zero or less, paragraph (1) shall not apply to any member of such group the EBITDA of which is above zero. (ii) Non-positive entity EBITDA In the case of any group member the EBITDA of which is zero or less, paragraph (1) shall be applied without regard to subparagraph (A) thereof. (4) Consolidated financial statement For purposes of this subsection, the term consolidated financial statement means any consolidated financial statement described in paragraph (2)(A)(ii) if such statement is— (A) a financial statement which is certified as being prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, international financial reporting standards, or any other comparable method of accounting identified by the Secretary, and which is— (i) a 10–K (or successor form), or annual statement to shareholders, required to be filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, (ii) an audited financial statement which is used for— (I) credit purposes, (II) reporting to shareholders, partners, or other proprietors, or to beneficiaries, or (III) any other substantial nontax purpose, but only if there is no statement described in clause (i), or (iii) filed with any other Federal or State agency for nontax purposes, but only if there is no statement described in clause (i) or (ii), or (B) a financial statement which— (i) is used for a purpose described in subclause (I), (II), or (III) of subparagraph (A)(ii), or (ii) filed with any regulatory or governmental body (whether domestic or foreign) specified by the Secretary, but only if there is no statement described in subparagraph (A). (5) Reporting year For purposes of this subsection, the term reporting year means, with respect to any international financial reporting group, the year with respect to which the consolidated financial statements are prepared. (6) Application to certain entities (A) Partnerships Except as otherwise provided by the Secretary in paragraph (7), this subsection and subsection (o) shall apply to any partnership which is a member of any international financial reporting group under rules similar to the rules of section 163(j)(4). (B) Foreign corporations engaged in trade or business within the United States Except as otherwise provided by the Secretary in paragraph (7), any deduction for interest paid or accrued by a foreign corporation engaged in a trade or business within the United States shall be limited in a manner consistent with the principles of this subsection. (C) Consolidated groups For purposes of this subsection, the members of any group that file (or are required to file) a consolidated return with respect to the tax imposed by chapter 1 for a taxable year shall be treated as a single corporation. (7) Regulations The Secretary may issue such regulations or other guidance as are necessary or appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection. . (b) Carryforward of disallowed interest (1) In general Section 163 is amended by inserting after subsection (n), as added by subsection (a), the following new subsection: (o) Carryforward of certain disallowed interest The amount of any interest not allowed as a deduction for any taxable year by reason of subsection (j)(1) or (n)(1) (whichever imposes the lower limitation with respect to such taxable year) shall be treated as interest (and as business interest for purposes of subsection (j)(1)) paid or accrued in the succeeding taxable year. Interest paid or accrued in any taxable year (determined without regard to the preceding sentence) shall not be carried past the fifth taxable year following such taxable year, determined by treating interest as allowed as a deduction on a first-in, first-out basis. . (2) Conforming amendments (A) Section 163(j)(2) is amended to read as follows: (2) Carryforward cross-reference For carryforward treatment, see subsection (o). . (B) Section 163(j)(4)(B)(i)(I) is amended by striking paragraph (2) and inserting subsection (o) . (C) Section 381(c)(20) is amended to read as follows: (20) Carryforward of disallowed interest The carryover of disallowed interest described in section 163(o) to taxable years ending after the date of distribution or transfer. . (D) Section 382(d)(3) is amended to read as follows: (3) Application to carryforward of disallowed interest The term pre-change loss shall include any carryover of disallowed interest described in section 163(o) under rules similar to the rules of paragraph (1). . (c) Effective date The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018. 103. Treatment of foreign corporations managed and controlled in the United States as domestic corporations (a) In general Section 7701 is amended by redesignating subsection (p) as subsection (q) and by inserting after subsection (o) the following new subsection: (p) Certain corporations managed and controlled in the United States treated as domestic for income tax (1) In general Notwithstanding subsection (a)(4), in the case of a corporation described in paragraph (2) if— (A) the corporation would not otherwise be treated as a domestic corporation for purposes of this title, but (B) the management and control of the corporation occurs, directly or indirectly, primarily within the United States, then, solely for purposes of chapter 1 (and any other provision of this title relating to chapter 1), the corporation shall be treated as a domestic corporation. (2) Corporation described (A) In general A corporation is described in this paragraph if— (i) the stock of such corporation is regularly traded on an established securities market, or (ii) the aggregate gross assets of such corporation (or any predecessor thereof), including assets under management for investors, whether held directly or indirectly, at any time during the taxable year or any preceding taxable year is $50,000,000 or more. (B) General exception A corporation shall not be treated as described in this paragraph if— (i) such corporation was treated as a corporation described in this paragraph in a preceding taxable year, (ii) such corporation— (I) is not regularly traded on an established securities market, and (II) has, and is reasonably expected to continue to have, aggregate gross assets (including assets under management for investors, whether held directly or indirectly) of less than $50,000,000, and (iii) the Secretary grants a waiver to such corporation under this subparagraph. (3) Management and control (A) In general The Secretary shall prescribe regulations for purposes of determining cases in which the management and control of a corporation is to be treated as occurring primarily within the United States. (B) Executive officers and senior management Such regulations shall provide that— (i) the management and control of a corporation shall be treated as occurring primarily within the United States if substantially all of the executive officers and senior management of the corporation who exercise day-to-day responsibility for making decisions involving strategic, financial, and operational policies of the corporation are located primarily within the United States, and (ii) individuals who are not executive officers and senior management of the corporation (including individuals who are officers or employees of other corporations in the same chain of corporations as the corporation) shall be treated as executive officers and senior management if such individuals exercise the day-to-day responsibilities of the corporation described in clause (i). (C) Corporations primarily holding investment assets Such regulations shall also provide that the management and control of a corporation shall be treated as occurring primarily within the United States if— (i) the assets of such corporation (directly or indirectly) consist primarily of assets being managed on behalf of investors, and (ii) decisions about how to invest the assets are made in the United States. . (b) Effective date The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning on or after the date which is 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, whether or not regulations are issued under section 7701(p)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by this section. 104. Swap payments made from the United States to persons offshore (a) Tax on swap payments received by foreign persons Section 871(a)(1) is amended— (1) by inserting swap payments (as identified in section 1256(b)(2)(B)), after annuities, in subparagraph (A), and (2) by adding at the end the following new sentence: In the case of swap payments, the source of a swap payment is determined by reference to the location of the payor. . (b) Tax on swap payments received by foreign corporations Section 881(a) is amended— (1) by inserting swap payments (as identified in section 1256(b)(2)(B)), after annuities, in paragraph (1), and (2) by adding at the end the following new sentence: In the case of swap payments, the source of a swap payment is determined by reference to the location of the payor. . 105. Modifications to rules relating to inverted corporations (a) In general Subsection (b) of section 7874 is amended to read as follows: (b) Inverted corporations treated as domestic corporations (1) In general Notwithstanding section 7701(a)(4), a foreign corporation shall be treated for purposes of this title as a domestic corporation if— (A) such corporation would be a surrogate foreign corporation if subsection (a)(2) were applied by substituting 80 percent for 60 percent , or (B) such corporation is an inverted domestic corporation. (2) Inverted domestic corporation For purposes of this subsection, a foreign corporation shall be treated as an inverted domestic corporation if, pursuant to a plan (or a series of related transactions)— (A) the entity completes after December 22, 2017, the direct or indirect acquisition of— (i) substantially all of the properties held directly or indirectly by a domestic corporation, or (ii) substantially all of the assets of, or substantially all of the properties constituting a trade or business of, a domestic partnership, and (B) after the acquisition, either— (i) more than 50 percent of the stock (by vote or value) of the entity is held— (I) in the case of an acquisition with respect to a domestic corporation, by former shareholders of the domestic corporation by reason of holding stock in the domestic corporation, or (II) in the case of an acquisition with respect to a domestic partnership, by former partners of the domestic partnership by reason of holding a capital or profits interest in the domestic partnership, or (ii) the management and control of the expanded affiliated group which includes the entity occurs, directly or indirectly, primarily within the United States, and such expanded affiliated group has significant domestic business activities. (3) Exception for corporations with substantial business activities in foreign country of organization A foreign corporation described in paragraph (2) shall not be treated as an inverted domestic corporation if after the acquisition the expanded affiliated group which includes the entity has substantial business activities in the foreign country in which or under the law of which the entity is created or organized when compared to the total business activities of such expanded affiliated group. For purposes of subsection (a)(2)(B)(iii) and the preceding sentence, the term substantial business activities shall have the meaning given such term under regulations in effect on December 22, 2017, except that the Secretary may issue regulations increasing the threshold percent in any of the tests under such regulations for determining if business activities constitute substantial business activities for purposes of this paragraph. (4) Management and control For purposes of paragraph (2)(B)(ii)— (A) In general The Secretary shall prescribe regulations for purposes of determining cases in which the management and control of an expanded affiliated group is to be treated as occurring, directly or indirectly, primarily within the United States. The regulations prescribed under the preceding sentence shall apply to periods after December 22, 2017. (B) Executive officers and senior management Such regulations shall provide that the management and control of an expanded affiliated group shall be treated as occurring, directly or indirectly, primarily within the United States if substantially all of the executive officers and senior management of the expanded affiliated group who exercise day-to-day responsibility for making decisions involving strategic, financial, and operational policies of the expanded affiliated group are based or primarily located within the United States. Individuals who in fact exercise such day-to-day responsibilities shall be treated as executive officers and senior management regardless of their title. (5) Significant domestic business activities For purposes of paragraph (2)(B)(ii), an expanded affiliated group has significant domestic business activities if at least 25 percent of— (A) the employees of the group are based in the United States, (B) the employee compensation incurred by the group is incurred with respect to employees based in the United States, (C) the assets of the group are located in the United States, or (D) the income of the group is derived in the United States, determined in the same manner as such determinations are made for purposes of determining substantial business activities under regulations referred to in paragraph (3) as in effect on December 22, 2017, but applied by treating all references in such regulations to foreign country and relevant foreign country as references to the United States . The Secretary may issue regulations decreasing the threshold percent in any of the tests under such regulations for determining if business activities constitute significant domestic business activities for purposes of this paragraph. . (b) Conforming amendments (1) Clause (i) of section 7874(a)(2)(B) is amended by striking after March 4, 2003, and inserting after March 4, 2003, and before December 23, 2017, . (2) Subsection (c) of section 7874 is amended— (A) in paragraph (2)— (i) by striking subsection (a)(2)(B)(ii) and inserting subsections (a)(2)(B)(ii) and (b)(2)(B)(i) ; and (ii) by inserting or (b)(2)(A) after (a)(2)(B)(i) in subparagraph (B); (B) in paragraph (3), by inserting or (b)(2)(B)(i), as the case may be, after (a)(2)(B)(ii) ; (C) in paragraph (5), by striking subsection (a)(2)(B)(ii) and inserting subsections (a)(2)(B)(ii) and (b)(2)(B)(i) ; and (D) in paragraph (6), by inserting or inverted domestic corporation, as the case may be, after surrogate foreign corporation . (c) Effective date The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years ending after December 22, 2017. 106. Requirement to disclose total corporate taxes paid (a) In general Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ( 15 U.S.C. 78m ) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (s) Disclosure of total corporate taxes paid (1) Issuer disclosure requirement Each issuer required to file an annual or quarterly report under subsection (a) shall disclose in that report— (A) the total pre-tax profit of the issuer during the period covered by the report; (B) the total amount paid by the issuer in State taxes during the period covered by the report; (C) the total amount paid by the issuer in Federal taxes during the period covered by the report; and (D) the total amount paid by the issuer in foreign taxes during the period covered by the report. (2) Disclosure of country-by-country reporting information Each issuer required to file an annual or quarterly report under subsection (a) shall disclose in that report, for each of its subsidiaries and aggregated on a country-by-country basis— (A) revenues generated from transactions with other constituent entities; (B) revenues not generated from transactions with other constituent entities; (C) profit or loss before income tax; (D) total income tax paid on a cash basis to all tax jurisdictions, and any taxes withheld on payments received by the constituent entities; (E) total accrued tax expense recorded on taxable profits or losses, reflecting only operations in the relevant annual period and excluding deferred taxes or provisions for uncertain tax liabilities; (F) stated capital, except that the stated capital of a permanent establishment must be reported in the tax jurisdiction of residence of the legal entity of which it is a permanent establishment unless there is a defined capital requirement in the permanent establishment tax jurisdiction for regulatory purposes; (G) total accumulated earnings, except that accumulated earnings of a permanent establishment must be reported by the legal entity of which it is a permanent establishment; (H) total number of employees on a full-time equivalent basis; and (I) net book value of tangible assets, which, for purposes of this section, does not include cash or cash equivalents, intangibles, or financial assets. (3) Availability of information The Commission shall make the information filed with the Commission pursuant to this subsection publicly available through the Commission website in a manner that is searchable, sortable, and downloadable. . (b) Effective date The amendment made by this section shall apply to disclosures made after the date of the enactment of this Act. 107. Penalty for election to pay tax on deferred foreign income in installments (a) In general Section 965(h) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (7) Penalty Interest on installments under this subsection shall be payable as determined under section 6601 by treating the last date prescribed for payment for any installment as the date for payment of the first installment under this subsection. . (b) Effective date The amendment made by subsection (a) shall take effect as if included in section 14103 of Public Law 115–97 . II Additional measures to combat tax evasion 201. Authorizing special measures against foreign jurisdictions, financial institutions, and others that significantly impede United States tax enforcement (a) In general Section 5318A of title 31, United States Code, is amended— (1) by striking the section heading and inserting the following: Special measures for jurisdictions, financial institutions, or international transactions that are of primary money laundering concern or significantly impede United States tax enforcement ; (2) in subsection (a), by striking the subsection heading and inserting the following: Special measures To counter money laundering and efforts to significantly impede united states tax enforcement ; (3) in subsection (c)— (A) by striking the subsection heading and inserting the following: Consultations and information To be considered in finding jurisdictions, institutions, types of accounts, or transactions To be of primary money laundering concern or To be significantly impeding United States tax enforcement ; and (B) in paragraph (2), by adding at the end the following: (C) Other considerations The fact that a jurisdiction or financial institution is cooperating with the United States on implementing the requirements specified in chapter 4 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 may be favorably considered in evaluating whether such jurisdiction or financial institution is significantly impeding United States tax enforcement. ; (4) in subsection (a)(1), by inserting or is significantly impeding United States tax enforcement after primary money laundering concern ; (5) in subsection (a)(4)— (A) in subparagraph (A)— (i) by inserting in matters involving money laundering, before shall consult ; and (ii) by striking and at the end; (B) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C); and (C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following: (B) in matters involving United States tax enforcement, shall consult with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, the Secretary of State, the Attorney General of the United States, and in the sole discretion of the Secretary, such other agencies and interested parties as the Secretary may find to be appropriate; and ; (6) in each of paragraphs (1)(A), (2), (3), and (4) of subsection (b), by inserting or to be significantly impeding United States tax enforcement after primary money laundering concern each place that term appears; (7) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following: (5) Prohibitions or conditions on opening or maintaining certain correspondent or payable-through accounts or authorizing certain payment cards If the Secretary finds a jurisdiction outside of the United States, 1 or more financial institutions operating outside of the United States, or 1 or more classes of transactions within or involving a jurisdiction outside of the United States to be of primary money laundering concern or to be significantly impeding United States tax enforcement, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Attorney General of the United States, and the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, may prohibit, or impose conditions upon— (A) the opening or maintaining in the United States of a correspondent account or payable-through account by any domestic financial institution or domestic financial agency for or on behalf of a foreign banking institution, if such correspondent account or payable-through account involves any such jurisdiction or institution, or if any such transaction may be conducted through such correspondent account or payable-through account; or (B) the authorization, approval, or use in the United States of a credit card, charge card, debit card, or similar credit or debit financial instrument by any domestic financial institution, domestic financial agency, or credit card company or association for or on behalf of a foreign banking institution, if such credit card, charge card, debit card, or similar credit or debit financial instrument involves any such jurisdiction or institution, or if any such transaction may be conducted through such credit card, charge card, debit card, or similar credit or debit financial instrument. ; (8) in subsection (c)(1), by inserting or is significantly impeding United States tax enforcement after primary money laundering concern ; (9) in subsection (c)(2)(A)— (A) in clause (ii), by striking bank secrecy or special regulatory advantages and inserting bank, tax, corporate, trust, or financial secrecy or regulatory advantages ; (B) in clause (iii), by striking supervisory and counter-money and inserting supervisory, international tax enforcement, and counter-money ; (C) in clause (v), by striking banking or secrecy and inserting banking, tax, or secrecy ; and (D) in clause (vi), by inserting , tax treaty, or tax information exchange agreement after treaty ; (10) in subsection (c)(2)(B)— (A) in clause (i), by inserting or tax evasion after money laundering ; and (B) in clause (iii), by inserting , tax evasion, after money laundering ; and (11) in subsection (d), by inserting involving money laundering, and shall notify, in writing, the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives of any such action involving United States tax enforcement after such action . (b) Clerical amendment The table of contents for chapter 53 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 5318A and inserting the following: 5318A. Special measures for jurisdictions, financial institutions, or international transactions that are of primary money laundering concern or significantly impede United States tax enforcement. . 202. Strengthening the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) (a) Reporting activities with respect to passive foreign investment companies Section 1298(f) is amended by inserting , or who directly or indirectly forms, transfers assets to, is a beneficiary of, has a beneficial interest in, or receives money or property or the use thereof from, after shareholder of . (b) Withholdable payments to foreign financial institutions Section 1471(d) is amended— (1) in paragraph (2)(A), by inserting or transaction after any depository , and (2) in paragraph (5)(C), by striking or any interest and all that follows and inserting derivatives, or any interest (including a futures or forward contract, swap, or option) in such securities, partnership interests, commodities, or derivatives. . (c) Withholdable payments to other foreign financial institutions Section 1472 is amended— (1) by inserting as a result of any customer identification, anti-money laundering, anti-corruption, or similar obligation to identify account holders, after reason to know, in subsection (b)(2), and (2) by inserting as posing a low risk of tax evasion after this subsection in subsection (c)(1)(G). (d) Definitions Clauses (i) and (ii) of section 1473(2)(A) are each amended by inserting or as a beneficial owner after indirectly . (e) Special rules Section 1474(c) is amended— (1) by inserting , except that information provided under section 1471(c) or 1472(b) may be disclosed to any Federal law enforcement agency, upon request or upon the initiation of the Secretary, to investigate or address a possible violation of United States law after shall apply in paragraph (1), and (2) by inserting , or has had an agreement terminated under such section, after section 1471(b) in paragraph (2). (f) Information with respect to foreign financial assets Section 6038D(a) is amended by inserting ownership or beneficial ownership after holds any . (g) Establishing presumptions for entities and transactions involving non-FATCA institutions (1) Presumptions for tax purposes (A) In general Chapter 76 is amended by inserting after section 7491 the following new subchapter: F Presumptions for certain legal proceedings Sec. 7492. Presumptions pertaining to entities and transactions involving non-FATCA institutions. 7492. Presumptions pertaining to entities and transactions involving non-FATCA institutions (a) Control For purposes of any United States civil judicial or administrative proceeding to determine or collect tax, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that a United States person who, directly or indirectly, formed, transferred assets to, was a beneficiary of, had a beneficial interest in, or received money or property or the use thereof from an entity, including a trust, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or foundation, that holds an account, or in any other manner has assets, in a non-FATCA institution, exercised control over such entity. The presumption of control created by this subsection shall not be applied to prevent the Secretary from determining or arguing the absence of control. (b) Transfers of income For purposes of any United States civil judicial or administrative proceeding to determine or collect tax, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that any amount or thing of value received by a United States person directly or indirectly from an account or from an entity that holds an account, or in any other manner has assets, in a non-FATCA institution, constitutes income of such person taxable in the year of receipt; and any amount or thing of value paid or transferred by or on behalf of a United States person directly or indirectly to an account, or entity that holds an account, or in any other manner has assets, in a non-FATCA institution, represents previously unreported income of such person taxable in the year of the transfer. (c) Rebutting the presumptions The presumptions established in this section may be rebutted only by clear and convincing evidence, including detailed documentary, testimonial, and transactional evidence, establishing that— (1) in subsection (a), such taxpayer exercised no control, directly or indirectly, over account or entity at the time in question, and (2) in subsection (b), such amounts or things of value did not represent income related to such United States person. Any court having jurisdiction of a civil proceeding in which control of such an offshore account or offshore entity or the income character of such receipts or amounts transferred is an issue shall prohibit the introduction by the taxpayer of any foreign based document that is not authenticated in open court by a person with knowledge of such document, or any other evidence supplied by a person outside the jurisdiction of a United States court, unless such person appears before the court. . (B) The table of subchapters for chapter 76 is amended by inserting after the item relating to subchapter E the following new item: Subchapter F. Presumptions for certain legal proceedings . (2) Definition of non-fatca institution Section 7701(a) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (51) Non-fatca institution The term non-FATCA institution means any foreign financial institution that does not meet the reporting requirements of section 1471(b). . (3) Presumptions for securities law purposes Section 21 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ( 15 U.S.C. 78u ) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (j) Presumptions pertaining to control and beneficial ownership (1) Control For purposes of any civil judicial or administrative proceeding under this title, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that a United States person who, directly or indirectly, formed, transferred assets to, was a beneficiary of, had a beneficial interest in, or received money or property or the use thereof from an entity, including a trust, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or foundation, that holds an account, or in any other manner has assets, in a non-FATCA institution (as defined in section 7701(a)(51) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986), exercised control over such entity. The presumption of control created by this paragraph shall not be applied to prevent the Commission from determining or arguing the absence of control. (2) Beneficial ownership For purposes of any civil judicial or administrative proceeding under this title, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that securities that are nominally owned by an entity, including a trust, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or foundation, and that are held in a non-FATCA institution (as so defined), are beneficially owned by any United States person who directly or indirectly exercised control over such entity. The presumption of beneficial ownership created by this paragraph shall not be applied to prevent the Commission from determining or arguing the absence of beneficial ownership. . (4) Presumption for reporting purposes relating to foreign financial accounts Section 5314 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (d) Rebuttable presumption For purposes of this section, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that any account with a non-FATCA institution (as defined in section 7701(a)(51) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) contains funds in an amount that is at least sufficient to require a report prescribed by regulations under this section. . (5) Regulatory authority Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury and the Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission shall each adopt regulations or other guidance necessary to implement the amendments made by this subsection. The Secretary and the Chairman may, by regulation or guidance, provide that the presumption of control shall not extend to particular classes of transactions, such as corporate reorganizations or transactions below a specified dollar threshold, if either determines that applying such amendments to such transactions is not necessary to carry out the purposes of such amendments. (h) Effective date The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date which is 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, whether or not regulations are issued under subsection (g)(5). 203. Reporting United States beneficial owners of foreign owned financial accounts (a) In general Subpart B of part III of subchapter A of chapter 61 is amended by inserting after section 6045B the following new sections: 6045C. Returns regarding United States beneficial owners of financial accounts located in the United States and held in the name of a foreign entity (a) Requirement of return If— (1) any withholding agent under sections 1441 and 1442 has the control, receipt, custody, disposal, or payment of any amount constituting gross income from sources within the United States of any foreign entity, including a trust, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or foundation (other than an entity with shares regularly traded on an established securities market), and (2) such withholding agent determines for purposes of title 14, 18, or 31 of the United States Code that a United States person has any beneficial interest in the foreign entity or in the account in such entity's name (hereafter in this section referred to as United States beneficial owner ), then the withholding agent shall make a return according to the forms or regulations prescribed by the Secretary. (b) Required information For purposes of subsection (a) the information required to be included on the return shall include— (1) the name, address, and, if known, the taxpayer identification number of the United States beneficial owner, (2) the known facts pertaining to the relationship of such United States beneficial owner to the foreign entity and the account, (3) the gross amount of income from sources within the United States (including gross proceeds from brokerage transactions), and (4) such other information as the Secretary may by forms or regulations provide. (c) Statements To Be furnished to beneficial owners with respect to whom information is required To Be reported A withholding agent required to make a return under subsection (a) shall furnish to each United States beneficial owner whose name is required to be set forth in such return a statement showing— (1) the name, address, and telephone number of the information contact of the person required to make such return, and (2) the information required to be shown on such return with respect to such United States beneficial owner. The written statement required under the preceding sentence shall be furnished to the United States beneficial owner on or before January 31 of the year following the calendar year for which the return under subsection (a) was required to be made. In the event the person filing such return does not have a current address for the United States beneficial owner, such written statement may be mailed to the address of the foreign entity. 6045D. Returns by financial institutions regarding establishment of accounts in non-FATCA institutions (a) Requirement of return Any financial institution directly or indirectly opening a bank, brokerage, or other financial account for or on behalf of an offshore entity, including a trust, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or foundation (other than an entity with shares regularly traded on an established securities market), in a non-FATCA institution (as defined in section 7701(a)(51)) at the direction of, on behalf of, or for the benefit of a United States person shall make a return according to the forms or regulations prescribed by the Secretary. (b) Required information For purposes of subsection (a) the information required to be included on the return shall include— (1) the name, address, and taxpayer identification number of such United States person, (2) the name and address of the financial institution at which a financial account is opened, the type of account, the account number, the name under which the account was opened, and the amount of the initial deposit, (3) if the account is held in the name of an entity, the name and address of such entity, the type of entity, and the name and address of any company formation agent or other professional employed to form or acquire the entity, and (4) such other information as the Secretary may by forms or regulations provide. (c) Statements To be furnished to United States persons with respect to whom information is required To be reported A financial institution required to make a return under subsection (a) shall furnish to each United States person whose name is required to be set forth in such return a statement showing— (1) the name, address, and telephone number of the information contact of the person required to make such return, and (2) the information required to be shown on such return with respect to such United States person. The written statement required under the preceding sentence shall be furnished to such United States person on or before January 31 of the year following the calendar year for which the return under subsection (a) was required to be made. (d) Exemption The Secretary may by regulations exempt any class of United States persons or any class of accounts or entities from the requirements of this section if the Secretary determines that applying this section to such persons, accounts, or entities is not necessary to carry out the purposes of this section. . (b) Penalties (1) Returns Section 6724(d)(1)(B) is amended by striking or at the end of clause (xxv), by striking and at the end of clause (xxvi), and by adding after clause (xxvi) the following new clauses: (xxvii) section 6045C(a) (relating to returns regarding United States beneficial owners of financial accounts located in the United States and held in the name of a foreign entity), or (xxviii) section 6045D(a) (relating to returns by financial institutions regarding establishment of accounts at non-FATCA institutions), and . (2) Payee statements Section 6724(d)(2) is amended by redesignating the second subparagraph (JJ) as subparagraph (KK), by striking or at the end of subparagraph (II), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (KK) (as so redesignated), and by inserting after such subparagraph (KK) the following new subparagraphs: (LL) section 6045C(c) (relating to returns regarding United States beneficial owners of financial accounts located in the United States and held in the name of a foreign entity), or (MM) section 6045D(c) (relating to returns by financial institutions regarding establishment of accounts at non-FATCA institutions). . (c) Clerical amendment The table of sections for subpart B of part III of subchapter A of chapter 61 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 6045B the following new items: Sec. 6045C. Returns regarding United States beneficial owners of financial accounts located in the United States and held in the name of a foreign entity. Sec. 6045D. Returns by financial institutions regarding establishment of accounts at non-FATCA institutions. . (d) Additional penalties (1) Additional penalties on banks Section 5239(b)(1) of the Revised Statutes of the United States ( 12 U.S.C. 93(b)(1) ) is amended by inserting or any of the provisions of section 6045D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, after any regulation issued pursuant to, . (2) Additional penalties on securities firms Section 21(d)(3)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ( 15 U.S.C. 78u(d)(3)(A) ) is amended by inserting any of the provisions of section 6045D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, after the rules or regulations thereunder, . (e) Regulatory authority and effective date (1) Regulatory Authority Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall adopt regulations, forms, or other guidance necessary to implement this section. (2) Effective Date Section 6045C of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by this section) and the amendment made by subsection (d)(1) shall take effect with respect to amounts paid into foreign owned accounts located in the United States after December 31 of the year of the date of the enactment of this Act. Section 6045D of such Code (as so added) and the amendment made by subsection (d)(2) shall take effect with respect to accounts opened after December 31 of the year of the date of the enactment of this Act. Section 6045D of such Code (as so added) and the amendment made by subsection (d)(2) shall take effect with respect to accounts opened after December 31 of the year of the date of the enactment of this act, whether or not regulations are issued under Section 6045D. 204. Penalty for failing to disclose offshore holdings (a) Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Section 21(d)(3)(B) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ( 15 U.S.C. 78u(d)(3)(B) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (iv) Fourth tier Notwithstanding clauses (i), (ii), and (iii), for each such violation, the amount of penalty shall not exceed $1,000,000 for any natural person or $10,000,000 for any other person, if— (I) such person directly or indirectly controlled any foreign entity, including any trust, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or foundation through which an issuer purchased, sold, or held equity or debt instruments; (II) such person knowingly or recklessly failed to disclose any such holding, purchase, or sale by the issuer; and (III) the holding, purchase, or sale would have been otherwise subject to disclosure by the issuer or such person under this title. . (b) Securities Act of 1933 Section 20(d)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 ( 15 U.S.C. 77t(d)(2) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (D) Fourth tier Notwithstanding subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), for each such violation, the amount of penalty shall not exceed $1,000,000 for any natural person or $10,000,000 for any other person, if— (i) such person directly or indirectly controlled any foreign entity, including any trust, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or foundation through which an issuer purchased, sold, or held equity or debt instruments; (ii) such person knowingly or recklessly failed to disclose any such holding, purchase, or sale by the issuer; and (iii) the holding, purchase, or sale would have been otherwise subject to disclosure by the issuer or such person under this title. . (c) Investment Advisers Act of 1940 Section 203(i)(2) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 ( 15 U.S.C. 80b–3(i)(2) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (D) Fourth tier Notwithstanding subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C), for each such violation, the amount of penalty shall not exceed $1,000,000 for any natural person or $10,000,000 for any other person, if— (i) such person directly or indirectly controlled any foreign entity, including any trust, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or foundation through which an issuer purchased, sold, or held equity or debt instruments; (ii) such person knowingly or recklessly failed to disclose any such holding, purchase, or sale by the issuer; and (iii) the holding, purchase, or sale would have been otherwise subject to disclosure by the issuer or such person under this title. . 205. Deadline for anti-money laundering rule for investment advisers (a) Anti-Money laundering obligations for investment advisers Section 5312(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code, is amended— (1) in subparagraph (Y), by striking or at the end; (2) by redesignating subparagraph (Z) as subparagraph (BB); and (3) by inserting after subparagraph (Y) the following: (Z) an investment adviser (as defined in section 202(a) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940); . (b) Rules required The Secretary of the Treasury shall— (1) in consultation with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, publish a proposed rule in the Federal Register to carry out the amendments made by this section; and (2) not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, publish a final rule in the Federal Register on the matter described in paragraph (1). (c) Contents The final rule published under this section shall require, at a minimum, each investment adviser (as defined in section 202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 ( 15 U.S.C. 80b–2(a)(11) )) registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to section 203 of that Act ( 15 U.S.C. 80b–3 )— (1) to submit suspicious activity reports and establish an anti-money laundering program under subsections (g) and (h), respectively, of section 5318 of title 31, United States Code; and (2) to comply with— (A) the customer identification program requirements under section 5318(l) of title 31, United States Code; and (B) the due diligence requirements under section 5318(i) of title 31, United States Code. 206. Anti-money laundering requirements for formation agents (a) Anti-Money laundering obligations for formation agents Section 5312(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code, as amended by section 205 of this Act, is amended by inserting after subparagraph (Z) the following: (AA) any person engaged in the business of forming new corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, trusts, or other legal entities; or . (b) Deadline for anti-Money laundering rule for formation agents (1) Proposed rule The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Attorney General of the United States, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, shall— (A) not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, publish a proposed rule in the Federal Register requiring persons described in section 5312(a)(2)(AA) of title 31, United States Code, as added by this section, to establish anti-money laundering programs under section 5318(h) of that title; and (B) not later than 270 days after the date of enactment of this Act, publish a final rule in the Federal Register on the matter described in subparagraph (A). (2) Exclusions The rule promulgated under this subsection shall exclude from the category of persons engaged in the business of forming new corporations or other entities— (A) any government agency; and (B) any attorney or law firm that uses a paid formation agent operating within the United States to form such corporations or other entities. 207. Strengthening John Doe summons proceedings (a) In general Subsection (f) of section 7609 is amended to read as follows: (f) Additional requirement in the case of a John Doe summons (1) General Rule Any summons described in subsection (c)(1) which does not identify the person with respect to whose liability the summons is issued may be served only after a court proceeding in which the Secretary establishes that— (A) the summons relates to the investigation of a particular person or ascertainable group or class of persons, (B) there is a reasonable basis for believing that such person or group or class of persons may fail or may have failed to comply with any provision of any internal revenue law, and (C) the information sought to be obtained from the examination of the records or testimony (and the identity of the person or persons with respect to whose liability the summons is issued) is not readily available from other sources. (2) Exception Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any summons which specifies that it is limited to information regarding a United States correspondent account (as defined in section 5318A(e)(1)(B) of title 31, United States Code) or a United States payable-through account (as defined in section 5318A(e)(1)(C) of such title) of a financial institution that is held at a non-FATCA institution (as defined in section 7701(a)(51)). (3) Presumption in cases involving non-fatca institutions For purposes of this section, in any case in which the particular person or ascertainable group or class of persons have financial accounts in or transactions related to a non-FATCA institution (as defined in section 7701(a)(51)), there shall be a presumption that there is a reasonable basis for believing that such person or group or class of persons may fail or may have failed to comply with provisions of internal revenue law. (4) Project John Doe summonses (A) In general Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph (1), the Secretary may issue a summons described in paragraph (1) if the summons— (i) relates to a project which is approved under subparagraph (B), (ii) is issued to a person who is a member of the group or class established under subparagraph (B)(i), and (iii) is issued within 3 years of the date on which such project was approved under subparagraph (B). (B) Approval of projects A project may only be approved under this subparagraph after a court proceeding in which the Secretary establishes that— (i) any summons issued with respect to the project will be issued to a member of an ascertainable group or class of persons, and (ii) any summons issued with respect to such project will meet the requirements of paragraph (1). (C) Extension Upon application of the Secretary, the court may extend the time for issuing such summonses under subparagraph (A)(i) for additional 3-year periods, but only if the court continues to exercise oversight of such project under subparagraph (D). (D) Ongoing court oversight During any period in which the Secretary is authorized to issue summonses in relation to a project approved under subparagraph (B) (including during any extension under subparagraph (C)), the Secretary shall report annually to the court on the use of such authority, provide copies of all summonses with such report, and comply with the court's direction with respect to the issuance of any John Doe summons under such project. . (b) Jurisdiction of court (1) In general Paragraph (1) of section 7609(h) is amended by inserting after the first sentence the following new sentence: Any United States district court in which a member of the group or class to which a summons may be issued resides or is found shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine the approval of a project under subsection (f)(4)(B). . (2) Conforming amendment The first sentence of section 7609(h)(1) is amended by striking (f) and inserting (f)(1) . (c) Effective date The amendments made by this section shall apply to summonses issued after the date of the enactment of this Act. 208. Improving enforcement of foreign financial account reporting (a) Clarifying the connection of foreign financial account reporting to tax administration Paragraph (4) of section 6103(b) is amended by adding at the end the following new sentence: For purposes of subparagraph (A)(i), section 5314 of title 31, United States Code, and sections 5321 and 5322 of such title (as such sections pertain to such section 5314), shall be considered related statutes. . (b) Simplifying the calculation of foreign financial account reporting penalties Section 5321(a)(5)(D)(ii) of title 31, United States Code, is amended by striking the balance in the account at the time of the violation and inserting the highest balance in the account during the reporting period to which the violation relates . (c) Clarifying the use of suspicious activity reports under the Bank Secrecy Act for civil tax law enforcement Section 5319 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting the civil and criminal enforcement divisions of the Internal Revenue Service, after including .