I 119th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 2158 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES March 14, 2025 Mr. Pfluger (for himself, Mr. Magaziner , Mr. Evans of Colorado , Mr. Ogles , Mr. McCaul , Mr. Guest , and Ms. Lee of Florida ) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Homeland Security , and in addition to the Committee on the Judiciary , for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned A BILL To amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to authorize a dedicated transnational repression working group within the Department of Homeland Security to analyze and monitor transnational repression and terrorism threats related to transnational repression, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Countering Transnational Repression Act of 2025 . 2. Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that— (1) transnational repression and terrorism threats related to transnational repression by a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government to target individuals in the United States and persons outside of the United States are real and growing; (2) agents acting on behalf of hostile foreign governments employ a range of transnational repression tactics, including making threats, intimidation, harassment, surveillance, stalking, silencing, and planning physical harm or the kidnapping of individuals in the United States; and (3) the Department of Homeland Security must take steps to recognize, assess, and help address this threat, thereby reducing risks to the people of the United States. 3. Working group to counter transnational repression (a) In general Subtitle H of title VIII of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 451 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following new section: 890E. Working group to counter transnational repression (a) Working Group (1) Establishment There is established a Working Group, to be known as the Transnational Repression Working Group (in this section referred to as the Working Group ), within the Department, which shall be responsible for, in coordination with the Office of Intelligence and Analysis, analyzing and monitoring transnational repression and terrorism threats related to transnational repression. (2) Director (A) Appointment of Director The head of the Working Group shall be a Director of the Transnational Repression Working Group, who shall be appointed by the Director of Homeland Security Investigations. (B) Reporting The Director of the Transnational Repression Working Group shall report to the Secretary and the Director of Homeland Security Investigations regarding all administrative, operational, and security matters of the Working Group. (3) Staffing The Director of Homeland Security Investigations shall ensure the Working Group— (A) has a sufficient number of employees to perform required duties; and (B) has at least one employee dedicated to ensuring compliance with privacy laws and regulations. (4) Detailees authorized The Working Group may accept and employ detailees with expertise in countering transnational repression and terrorism threats related to transnational repression or related fields from any element of the intelligence community, or any other Federal agency the Director of the Transnational Repression Working Group determines appropriate, with or without reimbursement, consistent with applicable laws and regulations regarding such employees. (5) Information sharing The Working Group, in coordination with the Office of Intelligence and Analysis, shall review information relating to transnational repression and terrorism threats related to transnational repression that is gathered by Federal, State, local, Tribal, and territorial partners, and the National Network of Fusion Centers, and incorporate such information, as appropriate, into the Working Group’s own information relating to transnational repression and terrorism threats related to transnational repression. The Working Group shall ensure the dissemination to Federal, State, local, Tribal, and territorial partners, and the National Network of Fusion Centers, of information related to transnational repression and terrorism threats related to transnational repression. (6) Homeland security assessment on transnational repression (A) Annual assessments Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this section and annually thereafter for seven years, the Director of Homeland Security Investigations, acting through the Director of the Transnational Repression Working Group, in coordination with the Office of Intelligence and Analysis and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, as appropriate, shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a report that assesses incidents of transnational repression and terrorism threats related to transnational repression during the immediately preceding 12 months. (B) Contents Each assessment submitted under subparagraph (A) shall also include the following: (i) An analysis of attempted incidents of transnational repression and terrorism threats related to transnational repression. (ii) A quantitative analysis of transnational repression and terrorism threats related to transnational repression, including the number of individuals responsible for or associated with such transnational repression or terrorism threats related to transnational repression, and an identification of the country of citizenship or nationality of each such individual, and the roles of the foreign governments of such countries in enabling, preventing, mitigating, and responding to transnational repression and terrorism threats related to transnational repression. (iii) Subject to appropriate protections for sensitive information regarding law enforcement investigations and operations, a description of efforts by the Federal Government to disrupt through investigation transnational repression and terrorism threats related to transnational repression. (iv) Any other matters the Director of Homeland Security Investigations determines relevant. (C) Form Each assessment under subparagraph (A) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex only for the protection of intelligence sources and methods relating to the matters contained in such assessment. The Director of Homeland Security Investigations shall post on a publicly available website of the Department the unclassified portion of each such assessment. (7) Sunset The Working Group shall terminate on the date that is seven years after the date of the enactment of this section. (b) Research Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this section, the Secretary, in coordination with the Under Secretary for Science and Technology of the Department, the Director of the Transnational Repression Office, and the Director of Homeland Security Investigations, shall, to the extent practicable, carry out research and development, including operational testing, of technologies and techniques for enhancing the Department’s support to Federal, State, local, Tribal, and territorial officials relating to countering transnational repression and terrorism threats related to transnational repression. (c) Implementation All activities carried out pursuant to this section— (1) shall be carried out in accordance with applicable constitutional, privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties protections; and (2) may not infringe upon the lawful exercise of free speech by United States persons. (d) Definitions In this section: (1) Agent of a foreign government The term agent of a foreign government means an individual or entity that operates subject to the direction and control of— (A) a foreign government; or (B) an official or entity of such foreign government. (2) Foreign government The term foreign government means the government of a foreign country. (3) Fusion center The term fusion center has the meaning given such term in subsection (j) of section 210A. (4) Intelligence community The term intelligence community has the meaning given such term in section 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947 ( 50 U.S.C. 3003(4) ). (5) National network of fusion centers The term National Network of Fusion Centers means a decentralized arrangement of fusion centers intended to enhance individual State and urban area fusion centers’ ability to leverage the capabilities and expertise of all such fusion centers for the purpose of enhancing analysis and homeland security information sharing nationally. (6) Transnational repression The term transnational repression means an action of a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government that satisfies each of the following: (A) The action involves— (i) any effort intended to coerce, harass, or digitally or physically threaten, including by force or reasonable fear of death or serious bodily injury or imprisonment of a person or an immediate family member of a person, a person to take an action in the interest of such a foreign government; (ii) any effort intended to harass or coerce, including by force or fear, a person to forebear from exercising the First Amendment rights of such person or any other right guaranteed to such person by the Constitution or laws of the United States, or to retaliate against a person for having exercised such a right; (iii) an extrajudicial killing; or (iv) any act intended to further the efforts specified in clause (i), (ii), or (iii). (B) The action is engaged in for or in the interests of such a foreign government. (C) The action— (i) occurs, in whole or in part, in the United States; or (ii) is committed against a United States person. (7) United States person The term United States person has the meaning given such term in section 1637(d)(10) of the Carl Levin and Howard P. Buck McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal year 2015 ( 50 U.S.C. 1708(d)(10) ). . (b) Clerical amendment The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 890D the following new item: Sec. 890E. Working group to counter transnational repression. .