II 119th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 955 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 11 (legislative day, March 10), 2025 Mrs. Blackburn (for herself and Mr. Booker ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation A BILL To establish due process requirements for the investigation of intercollegiate athletics, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the NCAA Accountability Act of 2025 . 2. Due process requirements (a) In general Each covered athletic association shall establish and administer due process requirements for the investigation of any member institution, student athlete enrolled in such member institution, or other individual for any alleged infraction of the covered athletic association’s bylaws or failure to meet the conditions and obligations of membership if the matter cannot be resolved without a formal investigation, consistent with the following: (1) If the covered athletic association initiates an investigation into a member institution, the covered athletic association shall provide written notice to the member institution detailing the nature of the inquiry by not later than 60 days after the covered athletic association receives information indicating that a bylaw violation may have occurred, and that the covered athletic association has determined that an investigation is warranted. The notice shall include, to the extent such information is available, the following: (A) Each program under investigation. (B) All persons under investigation. (C) The specific alleged violations under investigation. (D) Each date or time period an alleged violation may have occurred. (E) The rights and resources available to the accused. (2) The notice under paragraph (1)(C) shall be limited to possible violations occurring not earlier than 2 years before the date the notice is provided to the member institution. The covered athletic association shall thereafter promptly notify the member institution of any other relevant information discovered in the course of the investigation. (3) Prior to commencing any enforcement proceeding, the covered athletic association shall provide the member institution with a notice of allegations not later than 8 months after the notice of inquiry is received under paragraph (1), which shall include the following: (A) Details about each allegation. (B) The potential penalties for each allegation. (C) The information and factors the covered athletic association considered in its determination to file charges. (D) The rights and resources available to the member institution and involved individuals. (4) Not earlier than 60 days after the notice of allegations is received, there shall be a hearing before the covered athletic association’s infractions committee or body with authorization to hear cases and prescribe punishments to member institutions which shall conform to the following requirements: (A) The hearing shall commence not later than 1 year after the notice is provided under paragraph (1). (B) No information from confidential sources may be offered into evidence or form the basis for any decision. (5) In the event that there is any dispute regarding the covered athletic association’s punishment of a member institution, the member institution may compel entry into arbitration conducted in accordance with the standard commercial arbitration rules of an established major national provider of arbitration and mediation services based in the United States, which will provide an independent review and binding decision. The arbitration shall be conducted by a three-person panel. The covered athletic association and member institution shall each appoint one arbitrator of their respective choosing. The third arbitrator shall be appointed in agreement by the two arbitrators appointed by each party. (6) The covered athletic association shall conduct its enforcement proceedings and investigations in a fair and consistent manner, and the penalties issued against member institutions for bylaw infractions shall be equitable with respect to severity of the infraction and the member institution’s history of infractions. (7) The covered athletic association shall not disclose information relating to an ongoing investigation into a member institution until formal charges are filed in the notice of allegations submitted under paragraph (3). The member institution shall have discretionary authority to disclose any information relating to an ongoing investigation, and no information relating to an ongoing investigation shall be subject to any disclosure requirement under State law. (b) Report A covered athletic association shall submit an annual report to the Attorney General summarizing its enforcement proceedings, investigations, and issuance of punishments to member organizations under this Act over the preceding year. A covered athletic association shall submit an annual report to each State Attorney General (and the Attorney General for the District of Columbia) summarizing its enforcement proceedings, investigations, and issuance of punishments to member institutions headquartered in the State. 3. Limitation The privileges of membership of any member institution in the covered athletic association may not be impaired as a consequence of any rights granted under this Act. 4. Enforcement (a) Procedures The Attorney General shall establish procedures— (1) for individuals and entities to file written, signed complaints respecting potential violations of this Act by a covered athletic association or any person acting as an agent thereof; (2) for the investigation of those complaints which have a substantial probability of validity; (3) for the investigation of such other violations of this Act as the Attorney General determines to be appropriate; and (4) for the evaluation of a covered athletic association’s annual report to determine compliance with this Act. (b) Investigations and hearings In conducting investigations and hearings pursuant to this section, the following shall apply: (1) Any hearing so requested shall be conducted before an administrative law judge of the Department of Justice determined by the Attorney General. The hearing shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of section 554 of title 5, United States Code. The hearing shall be held at the nearest practicable place to the place where the person or covered athletic association resides or of the place where the alleged violation occurred. If no hearing is so requested, the Attorney General's imposition of the order shall constitute a final and unappealable order. (2) Officers and employees of the Department of Justice (including the administrative law judges referred to in paragraph (1)) shall have reasonable access to examine evidence of any person or covered athletic association being investigated. (3) If the administrative law judge determines, upon the preponderance of the evidence received, that a person or covered athletic association named in the complaint has violated the statute, the administrative law judge shall state his findings of fact and issue and cause to be served on such person or covered athletic association an order as follows: (A) The administrative law judge shall order the person or covered athletic association to cease and desist from such violations and to pay a civil penalty in an amount of not less than $10,000 and not more than $15,000,000. (B) In determining the amount of the penalty, due consideration shall be given to the good faith of the covered athletic association or person, the seriousness of the violation, and the history of previous violations. (C) The administrative law judge may order the permanent removal of any member of the covered athletic association’s governing body in the case of a violation. (4) The Attorney General may, not earlier than 30 days after providing notice thereof to the person or covered athletic association, commence a hearing before an administrative law judge of the Department of Justice for any alleged violation of this Act by that person or covered athletic association. The administrative law judge may impose a civil penalty for any violation determined to have occurred. (5) Administrative law judges may, if necessary, compel by subpoena the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence at any designated place or hearing case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpoena lawfully issued under this paragraph and upon application of the Attorney General, an appropriate district court of the United States may issue an order requiring compliance with such subpoena and any failure to obey such order may be punished by such court as a contempt thereof. (6) The decision and order of an administrative law judge shall become the final agency decision and order of the Attorney General unless, within 30 days after the administrative law judge issues such order, the Attorney General modifies or vacates the decision and order, in which case the decision and order of the Attorney General shall become a final order under this subsection. (7) A person or covered athletic association adversely affected by a final order (including an order for assessment of a civil penalty) under this section may, within 45 days after the date the final order is issued, file a petition in the Court of Appeals for the appropriate circuit for review of the order. 5. Definitions In this Act: (1) Covered athletic association The term covered athletic association means an interstate athletic association, conference, or other organization with authority over intercollegiate athletics or that administers intercollegiate athletics, with at least 900 member institutions. (2) Member institution The term member institution means an institution of higher education that maintains at least one intercollegiate athletic program that is a member of a covered athletic association. (3) Institution of higher education The term institution of higher education has the meaning given the term college or university in section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 ( 7 U.S.C. 3103 ). 6. Effective date A covered athletic association shall carry out the requirements of this Act by not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.