I 119th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 3162 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES May 1, 2025 Ms. Schakowsky (for herself, Mr. Cohen , Mr. Doggett , Ms. Omar , Ms. Pingree , and Mr. Pocan ) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce A BILL To amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to allow for the importation of affordable and safe drugs by wholesale distributors, pharmacies, and individuals.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act of 2025 . 2. Findings; sense of Congress (a) Findings Congress finds the following: (1) Prescription drug prices are, on average, 2.78 times more expensive in the United States compared to comparable countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Drugs that are still under a patent are 4.22 times more expensive in the United States than those in comparable nations in the OECD. (2) Multiple studies have demonstrated that tens of millions of Americans have opted to not fill a prescription due to the prohibitive cost of the prescription. (3) The Food and Drug Administration has entered into Mutual Recognition Agreements with the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Switzerland to recognize drug manufacturing inspections conducted by each entity as valid and equivalent to an inspection conducted by their own inspectors. (4) The Food and Drug Administration, in testimony provided to Congress, acknowledged that fewer negative inspection outcomes were assessed to drug manufacturers in the European Union than in the United States, representing a drug manufacturing industry that is comparably safe and effective to that of the United States. (5) In 2022, the Food and Drug Administration found that 57 percent of all finished dosage form manufacturing sites for drugs categorized as essential medicines were located in foreign nations and relied on importation to reach American patients. (6) Millions of Americans every year already benefit from safely importing their prescription drugs for personal use, which Federal law permits through enforcement discretion and waivers, but such importation remains technically illegal under most circumstances because many foreign drugs do not have the exact same formulations as the Food and Drug Administration-approved versions. Despite Federal law recognizing that patients and their families sometimes have reason to import into the United States drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration the existing restrictions mean Americans who are able to obtain relief from high prescription drug costs by importing prescription drugs for personal use may occasionally lose access to these drugs as they are seized upon importation. (b) Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that— (1) the cost of prescription drugs in the United States represents a crisis that endangers the safety of millions of Americans who must choose between their health and financial stability; (2) prohibitions on drug importation originally intended to protect American consumers have resulted in artificially raised prices that harm the American people, even while the same drugs sell for significantly less in other countries; (3) since the initial prohibitions on drug importation were put in place, foreign nations, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and members of the European Union, have significantly advanced their ability to safely approve, manufacture, and transport prescription drugs, including small molecules and biologics; (4) the American pharmaceutical supply chain already heavily relies on drugs that are manufactured overseas and then imported to American patients, a process that has been done safely for decades and with exporting nations with which the Food and Drug Administration does not have a Mutual Recognition Agreement; and (5) it is possible for the American people, with appropriate oversight from the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Food and Drug Administration, to safely engage in a global pharmaceutical marketplace in order to obtain prescription drugs for fair prices. 3. Importing affordable and safe drugs (a) In general Section 804 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 384 ) is amended to read as follows: 804. Importation of safe and affordable drugs by wholesale distributors, pharmacies, and individuals (a) In general Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act of 2025 , the Secretary shall promulgate regulations permitting the importation of qualifying prescription drugs into the United States, in accordance with this section. (b) Definitions For purposes of this section: (1) Certified foreign seller The term certified foreign seller means a licensed foreign pharmacy or foreign wholesale distributor that the Secretary certifies under subsection (d)(1)(B), that pays the fee required under subsection (d)(1)(C), and that is included on the list described in subsection (c). (2) Foreign wholesale distributor The term foreign wholesale distributor means a person (other than a manufacturer, a manufacturer’s co-licensed partner, a third-party logistics provider, or a repackager) engaged in wholesale distribution. (3) Importer The term importer means a dispenser (as defined in section 581(3)) or wholesale distributor registered under section 503(e) who imports prescription drugs into the United States in accordance with this section. (4) Licensed foreign pharmacy The term licensed foreign pharmacy means a pharmacy located in Canada, the United Kingdom, a member state of the European Union, Switzerland, or subject to subsection (e), another applicable country, that— (A) operates in accordance with applicable pharmacy standards set forth by the pharmacy laws and regulations of the country in which the pharmacy is located; and (B) is licensed to operate and dispense prescription drugs to individuals in the country in which the pharmacy is located. (5) Qualifying prescription drug The term qualifying prescription drug — (A) means a prescription drug that— (i) is approved for use in patients, and marketed, in Canada, the United Kingdom, a member state of the European Union, Switzerland, or subject to subsection (e), in another permitted country; (ii) has the same active ingredient or ingredients, route of administration, and strength as a prescription drug approved under chapter V, or, for purposes of subparagraph (B)(iv), is biosimilar to an approved biological product and has the same route of administration and strength as the approved biological product; and (iii) is labeled in accordance with— (I) the laws of Canada, the United Kingdom, a member state of the European Union, Switzerland, or another country from which importation is permitted pursuant to subsection (e); and (II) the requirements promulgated by the Secretary, which shall include labeling in English; (B) with respect to importers only, includes— (i) peritoneal dialysis solution; (ii) insulin; (iii) a drug for which a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy is required under section 505–1; (iv) biological products, as defined in section 351 of the Public Health Service Act that are proteins (except any chemically synthesized polypeptides) or analogous products; and (v) intravenously infused drugs; and (C) does not include— (i) a controlled substance (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act); (ii) an anesthetic drug inhaled during surgery; or (iii) a compounded drug. (6) Valid prescription The term valid prescription means a prescription that is issued for a legitimate medical purpose in the usual course of professional practice by a practitioner who has conducted at least one in-person medical evaluation of the patient. (c) Publication of certified foreign sellers The Secretary shall publish on a dedicated internet website a list of certified foreign sellers, including the internet website address, physical address, and telephone number of each such certified foreign seller. (d) Additional criteria (1) Certified foreign sellers (A) In general To be a certified foreign seller, such seller shall— (i) be certified by the Secretary in accordance with subparagraph (B); (ii) pay the registration fee established under subparagraph (C); and (iii) sell only qualifying prescription drugs to importers or individuals who import prescription drugs into the United States in accordance with this section. (B) Certification To be a certified foreign seller, the Secretary shall certify that such seller— (i) is a foreign wholesale distributor or licensed foreign pharmacy operating an establishment, which may include an online foreign pharmacy, that is located in Canada, the United Kingdom, a member state of the European Union, Switzerland, or, subject to subsection (e), another permitted country; (ii) is engaged in the distribution or dispensing of a prescription drug that is imported or offered for importation into the United States; (iii) in the case of a certified foreign seller that is a licensed foreign pharmacy, agrees to dispense a qualifying prescription drug to an individual in the United States only after receiving a valid prescription, as described in paragraph (2)(C); (iv) has processes established by the seller, or participates in another established process, to certify that the physical premises and data reporting procedures and licenses are in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations of the country in which the seller is located and has implemented policies designed to monitor ongoing compliance with such laws and regulations; (v) conducts or commits to participate in ongoing and comprehensive quality assurance programs and implements such quality assurance measures, including blind testing, to ensure the veracity and reliability of the findings of the quality assurance program; (vi) agrees that, pursuant to subsection (g), laboratories approved by the Secretary may be authorized to conduct product testing to determine the chemical authenticity of sample pharmaceutical products; (vii) agrees to notify the Secretary, importers, and individuals of product recalls in the country in which the seller is located, and agrees to cease, or refrain from, exporting such product; (viii) has established, or will establish or participate in, a process for resolving grievances, as defined by the Secretary, and will be held accountable for violations of established guidelines and rules; (ix) except as otherwise permitted under this section, does not sell products that the seller could not otherwise legally sell in the country in which the seller is located to customers in the United States; and (x) meets any other criteria established by the Secretary. (C) Certification fee Not later than 30 days before the start of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall establish a fee to be collected from foreign sellers for such fiscal year that are certified under subparagraph (B), in an amount that is sufficient, and not more than necessary, to pay the costs of administering the program under this section, and enforcing this section pursuant to section 303(h), for that fiscal year. (D) Recertification A certification under subparagraph (B) shall be in effect for a period of 2 years, or until there is a material change in the circumstances under which the foreign seller meets the requirements under such subparagraph, whichever occurs earlier. A foreign seller may reapply for certification under such subparagraph (B), in accordance with a process established by the Secretary. (2) Individuals An individual may import a qualifying prescription drug described in subsection (b) from Canada, the United Kingdom, a member state of the European Union, Switzerland, or another country pursuant to subsection (e) if such drug— (A) is dispensed, including a drug ordered from an online pharmacy, by a certified foreign seller that is a licensed foreign pharmacy; (B) is purchased for personal use by the individual, not for resale, in quantities that do not exceed a 90-day supply; and (C) is filled only after providing to the licensed foreign pharmacy a valid prescription issued by a health care practitioner licensed to practice in a State in the United States. (e) Importation from other countries Beginning on the date that is 1 year after the date on which final regulations are promulgated to carry out this section, if, based on a review of the evidence obtained after such effective date, including the reports submitted under section 2(d) of the Affordable and Safe Prescription Drug Importation Act of 2025 , that importation of qualifying prescription drugs from Canada, the United Kingdom, a member state of the European Union, and Switzerland under this section was conducted safely, the Secretary shall have the authority to permit importation of qualifying prescription drugs by importers and individuals from, in addition to Canada, the United Kingdom, a member state of the European Union, and Switzerland, any country that— (1) has statutory or regulatory standards for the approval and sale of prescription drugs that would enable safe importation of prescription drugs into the United States; (2) authorizes the approval of drugs only if a drug has been determined to be safe and effective by experts employed by or acting on behalf of a governmental entity and qualified by scientific training and experience to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of drugs; (3) requires that any determination of safety and effectiveness described in paragraph (2) be made on the basis of adequate and well-controlled investigations, including clinical investigations, as appropriate, conducted by experts qualified by scientific training and experience to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of drugs; (4) requires the methods used in, and the facilities and controls used for, the manufacture, processing, and packing of drugs in the country to be adequate to preserve the identity, quality, purity, and strength of the drugs; and (5) requires the reporting of adverse reactions to drugs and establish procedures to recall, and withdraw approval of, drugs found not to be safe or effective. (f) Labeling Any qualifying prescription drug imported that meets the labeling requirements described in subsection (b)(5)(A)(iii) is deemed not misbranded for purposes of section 502. (g) Drug testing laboratories The Secretary may approve one or more laboratories to conduct random testing of prescription drugs sold by certified foreign sellers to assess the chemical authenticity of such drugs. (h) Unfair and discriminatory Acts and practices It is unlawful for a manufacturer, directly or indirectly (including by being a party to a licensing agreement or other agreement)— (1) to discriminate by charging a higher price for a prescription drug sold to a certified foreign seller that sells such drug to an importer in accordance with this section than the price that is charged, inclusive of rebates or other incentives to the country from which the drug is exported, to another person that is in the same country and that does not import such a drug into the United States in accordance with this section; (2) except with respect to a prescription drug on the drug shortage list under section 506E, discriminate by denying, restricting, or delaying supplies of a prescription drug to a certified foreign seller, on account of such seller’s status as a certified foreign seller, that sells such drug to an importer in accordance with this section, or by publicly, privately, or otherwise refusing to do business with such a certified foreign seller on account of such seller’s status as a certified foreign seller; (3) cause there to be a difference (including a difference in active ingredient, route of administration, bioequivalence, strength, formulation, manufacturing establishment, manufacturing process, or person that manufactures the drug) between a prescription drug for distribution in the United States and the drug for distribution in Canada, the United Kingdom, a member state of the European Union, Switzerland, or another permitted country, subject to subsection (e), for the purpose of avoiding sales by certified foreign sellers; or (4) except with respect to a prescription drug on the drug shortage list under section 506E, engage in any other action to restrict, prohibit, or delay the importation of a prescription drug under this section. (i) Enforcement discretion and waiver authority for importation by individuals (1) Declarations Congress declares that in the enforcement against individuals of the prohibition of importation of prescription drugs and devices, the Secretary should— (A) focus enforcement on cases in which the importation by an individual poses a significant threat to public health; and (B) exercise discretion to permit individuals to make such importations in circumstances in which— (i) the importation is clearly for personal use; and (ii) the prescription drug or device imported does not appear to present an unreasonable risk to the individual. (2) Waiver authority (A) In general The Secretary may grant to individuals, by regulation or on a case-by-case basis, a waiver of the prohibition of importation of a prescription drug or device or class of prescription drugs or devices, under such conditions as the Secretary determines to be appropriate. (B) Guidance on case-by-case waivers The Secretary shall publish, and update as necessary, guidance that accurately describes circumstances in which the Secretary will consistently grant waivers on a case-by-case basis under subparagraph (A), so that individuals may know with the greatest practicable degree of certainty whether a particular importation for personal use will be permitted. (j) Information and records (1) Biannual reports Each importer shall submit biannual reports to the Secretary which shall contain, for each qualifying prescription drug imported into the United States— (A) the unique facility identifier of the manufacturer of the drug, described in section 510; (B) the transaction information described in section 581(26) (other than the information described in subparagraph (C)); and (C) the price paid by the importer for the drug. (2) Maintenance of records by Secretary The Secretary shall maintain information and documentation submitted under paragraph (1) for such period of time as the Secretary determines to be appropriate. (k) Suspension of importation (1) Patterns of noncompliance The Secretary shall require that importation of a specific qualifying prescription drug or importation by a specific certified foreign seller or importer pursuant to this section be immediately suspended if the Secretary determines that there is a pattern of importation of such specific drug or by such specific seller or importer that involves counterfeit drugs, drugs that have been recalled or withdrawn, or drugs in violation of any requirement of this section, until an investigation is completed and the Secretary determines that importation of such drug or by such seller or importer does not endanger the public health. (2) Temporary suspension The Secretary may require that importation of a specific qualifying prescription drug or importation by a specific certified foreign seller or importer pursuant to this section be temporarily suspended if, with respect to such drug, seller, or importer, there is a violation of any requirement of this section or if the Secretary determines that importation of such drug or by such seller or importer might endanger the public health. Such temporary suspension shall apply until the Secretary completes an investigation and determines that importation of such drug or by such seller or importer does not endanger the public health. (l) Supply chain security (1) Purchase from registered facilities and certified foreign sellers (A) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (B), certified foreign sellers who sell qualifying prescription drugs for importation into the United States pursuant to this section may purchase such drugs only from manufacturers or entities registered under section 510 or other certified foreign sellers. (B) Exception Certified foreign sellers who sell qualifying prescription drugs for importation into the United States pursuant to this section may purchase such drugs from foreign sellers in Canada, the United Kingdom, a member state of the European Union, Switzerland, or another permitted country, subject to subsection (e), even if such foreign seller is not a manufacturer registered under section 510 or a certified foreign seller, if the Secretary enters into a memorandum of understanding or cooperative agreement with the respective country, to ensure compliance, to the extent appropriate and feasible, with subchapter H of chapter V. The Secretary shall seek to enter into such a memorandum of understanding or cooperative agreement with Canada, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Switzerland, and each country from which importation is permitted under subsection (e). (2) Importation tracing Certified foreign sellers shall provide importers with the name and address of the manufacturer registered under section 510 of the qualifying prescription drug and the information under paragraph (25), paragraph (26) (other than subparagraph (C)), and subparagraphs (D), (F), and (G) of paragraph (27) of section 581. Certified foreign sellers shall provide such information to individuals purchasing such drugs, upon request. (m) REMs In the case of an importer that imports a qualifying prescription drug, where the drug with the same active ingredient or ingredients (or that is biosimilar to an approved biological product), route of administration, and strength that is approved under chapter V or section 351 of the Public Health Service Act is subject to elements to assure safe use under section 505–1, such importer shall be subject to such elements to assure safe use, as applicable and appropriate. (n) Construction Nothing in this section limits the authority of the Secretary relating to the importation of prescription drugs, other than with respect to section 801(d)(1) as provided in this section. . (b) Penalties with respect to online sales Section 303 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 333 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (h) In the case of person operating or utilizing an internet website, whether in the United States or in another country, that violates section 301(aa) by— (1) selling, by means of the internet, with the intent to defraud or mislead or with reckless disregard for safety of the public, an adulterated or counterfeit drug to an individual in the United States; or (2) dispenses, by means of the internet, a drug to an individual in the United States who the person knows or has reasonable cause to believe, does not possess a valid prescription for that drug, such person shall be imprisoned for not more than 10 years or fined not more than $250,000. . (c) No preemption Nothing in this Act, including the amendments made by this Act, shall be construed to preempt, alter, displace, abridge, or supplant any remedy available under any State or Federal law, including common law, that provides a remedy for civil relief. (d) Reports (1) HHS Not later than 1 year after the date on which final regulations are promulgated to carry out section 804 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 384 ), as amended by this Act, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, after consultation with appropriate Federal agencies, shall submit to Congress and make public a report on the importation of drugs into the United States. (2) GAO report Not later than 18 months after the date on which final regulations are promulgated to carry out section 804 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( 21 U.S.C. 384 ), as amended by this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report containing an analysis of the implementation of the amendments made by this Act, including a review of drug safety and cost-savings and expenses, including cost-savings to consumers in the United States and trans-shipment and importation tracing processes, resulting from such implementation.