II 119th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 45 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES January 9, 2025 Mr. Daines introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs A BILL To reduce a portion of the annual pay of Members of Congress for the failure to adopt a concurrent resolution on the budget which does not provide for a balanced budget, and for other purposes.

1. Short title; findings (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Balanced Budget Accountability Act . (b) Findings Congress finds the following: (1) The Federal debt exceeds $36,000,000,000,000, continues to grow rapidly, and is larger than the size of the United States economy. (2) The Federal budget has shown an annual deficit in 55 of the last 60 years. (3) Deficits and the Federal debt threaten to shatter confidence in the Nation’s economy, suppress job creation and economic growth, and leave future generations of Americans with a lower standard of living and fewer opportunities. (4) It is the duty of Members of Congress to develop and implement policies, including balancing the Federal budget, that encourage robust job creation and economic growth in the United States. (5) Members of Congress should be held accountable for failing to pass annual budgets that result in a balanced budget. 2. Effect of failure to adopt resolution providing for balanced budgets (a) Definitions In this section— (1) the term balanced budget means a concurrent resolution on the budget which provides that for fiscal year 2035, and each fiscal year thereafter to which the concurrent resolution on the budget applies— (A) total outlays do not exceed total receipts; and (B) total outlays are not more than 18 percent of the projected gross domestic product of the United States (as determined by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the Department of Commerce) for such fiscal year; (2) the term Director means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget; (3) the term Member includes a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to Congress; and (4) the payroll administrator of a House of Congress means— (A) in the case of the House of Representatives, the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or an employee of the Office of the Chief Administrative Officer who is designated by the Chief Administrative Officer to carry out this section; and (B) in the case of the Senate, the Secretary of the Senate, or an employee of the Office of the Secretary of the Senate who is designated by the Secretary to carry out this section. (b) Determination by the Office of Management and Budget Upon adoption by a House of Congress of a concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal year, the Director shall— (1) determine whether the concurrent resolution on the budget is a balanced budget; and (2) submit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives or the President pro tempore of the Senate (as the case may be) a certification as to whether or not that House of Congress has adopted a balanced budget. (c) Rule for fiscal years 2026 and 2027 (1) Fiscal year 2026 (A) Holding salaries in escrow If the Director does not certify that a House of Congress has adopted a balanced budget with respect to fiscal year 2026 before April 16, 2025, during the period described in subparagraph (B) the payroll administrator of that House of Congress shall deposit in an escrow account all payments otherwise required to be made during such period for the compensation of Members of Congress who serve in that House of Congress, and shall release such payments to such Members only upon the expiration of such period. (B) Period described With respect to a House of Congress, the period described in this subparagraph is the period that begins on April 16, 2025, and ends on the earlier of— (i) the date on which the Director certifies that the House of Congress has adopted a balanced budget with respect to fiscal year 2026; or (ii) the last day of the One Hundred Nineteenth Congress. (2) Fiscal year 2027 (A) Holding salaries in escrow If the Director does not certify that a House of Congress has adopted a balanced budget with respect to fiscal year 2027 before April 16, 2026, during the period described in subparagraph (B) the payroll administrator of that House of Congress shall deposit in an escrow account all payments otherwise required to be made during such period for the compensation of Members of Congress who serve in that House of Congress, and shall release such payments to such Members only upon the expiration of such period. (B) Period described With respect to a House of Congress, the period described in this subparagraph is the period that begins on April 16, 2026, and ends on the earlier of— (i) the date on which the Director certifies that the House of Congress has adopted a balanced budget with respect to fiscal year 2027; or (ii) the last day of the One Hundred Nineteenth Congress. (3) Withholding and remittance of amounts from payments held in escrow The payroll administrator shall provide for the same withholding and remittance with respect to a payment deposited in an escrow account under paragraph (1) or (2) that would apply to the payment if the payment were not subject to paragraph (1) or (2). (4) Release of amounts at end of the Congress In order to ensure that this subsection is carried out in a manner that shall not vary the compensation of Senators or Representatives in violation of the twenty-seventh amendment to the Constitution of the United States, the payroll administrator of a House of Congress shall release for payments to Members of that House of Congress any amounts remaining in any escrow account under this section on the last day of the One Hundred Nineteenth Congress. (5) Role of Secretary of the Treasury The Secretary of the Treasury shall provide the payroll administrators of the Houses of Congress with such assistance as may be necessary to enable the payroll administrators to carry out this subsection. (d) Rule for fiscal year 2028 and subsequent fiscal years If the Director does not certify that a House of Congress has adopted a balanced budget with respect to fiscal year 2028, or any fiscal year thereafter, before April 16 of the fiscal year before such fiscal year, during pay periods which occur in the same calendar year after that date each Member of that House shall be paid at an annual rate of pay equal to $1. 3. Supermajority requirement for increasing revenue (a) In general In the Senate and the House of Representatives, a bill, joint resolution, amendment, conference report, or amendment between the Houses that increases revenue shall only be agreed to upon an affirmative vote of three-fifths of the Members of that House of Congress duly chosen and sworn. (b) Rules of Senate and the House of Representatives Subsection (a) is enacted by Congress— (1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate and House of Representatives, respectively, and as such it is deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively, but applicable only with respect to the procedure to be followed in that House in the case of a bill, joint resolution, amendment, conference report, or amendment between the Houses that increases revenue, and it supersedes other rules only to the extent that it is inconsistent with such rules; and (2) with full recognition of the constitutional right of either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the procedure of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and to the same extent as in the case of any other rule of that House.