II 118th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 5476 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES December 11, 2024 Ms. Cortez Masto introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation A BILL To provide for Department of Energy and National Science Foundation research and development coordination, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the DOE and NSF Interagency Research Act . 2. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation research and development coordination (a) In general The Secretary of Energy (in this section referred to as the Secretary ) and the Director of the National Science Foundation (in this section referred to as the Director ) shall carry out cross-cutting and collaborative research and development activities focused on the joint advancement of Department of Energy and National Science Foundation mission requirements and priorities. (b) Memorandum of understanding (1) In general The Secretary and the Director shall carry out and coordinate the activities under subsection (a) through the establishment of a memorandum of understanding, or other appropriate interagency agreement. (2) Process A memorandum or agreement established under paragraph (1) shall require the use of a competitive, merit-reviewed process, which considers applications from Federal agencies, National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, nonprofit institutions, and other appropriate entities. (c) Coordination In carrying out the activities under subsection (a), the Secretary and the Director may— (1) conduct collaborative research in a variety of focus areas, such as— (A) basic plasma science and engineering, including applications in astrophysics, materials science, fusion science, and accelerator science; (B) fundamental biological and computational science and engineering, including computational neuroscience and neuromorphic computing, including in collaboration with the program authorized under section 306 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act ( 42 U.S.C. 18644 ); (C) modeling and simulation, machine learning, artificial intelligence, data assimilation, large-scale data analytics, predictive analysis, and advanced computational, storage, and networking capabilities in order to optimize algorithms for purposes relating to energy and climate; (D) quantum information sciences, including quantum computing and quantum network infrastructure, including in collaboration with the programs authorized under sections 403 and 404 of the National Quantum Initiative Act ( 15 U.S.C. 8853 , 8854); (E) energy and materials science and engineering, including artificial photosynthesis, plasma, solar fuels, and fusion, including in collaboration with the programs authorized under— (i) sections 303 and 307 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act ( 42 U.S.C. 18641 , 18645); and (ii) section 973 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 16313 ); (F) advanced manufacturing technologies, including efficient storage systems and alternatives to high-temperature processing, for the purposes of optimizing energy consumption, including in collaboration with the program authorized under section 975 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 ( 42 U.S.C. 16315 ); (G) microelectronics, including novel chip architectures, memory systems, and interconnects; and (H) advanced physics, including high energy and particle physics, accelerator research and development, and high-performance computational tools, including in collaboration with the programs authorized under section 303 of the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act ( 42 U.S.C. 18641 ); (2) promote collaboration, open community-based development, and data and information sharing between Federal agencies, National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, nonprofit institutions, and other appropriate entities by providing necessary access and secure data and information transfer; (3) support research infrastructure, including new facilities and equipment, as the Secretary and Director determine necessary; and (4) organize education, training, and research initiatives relating to STEM education and workforce development, including— (A) internships, fellowships, and other research or work-based learning opportunities; (B) educational programming for students at all levels, especially experiential and project-based learning opportunities; and (C) professional development opportunities for educators and researchers. (d) Agreements In carrying out the activities under subsection (a), the Secretary and the Director may— (1) carry out reimbursable agreements between the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and other entities in order to maximize the effectiveness of research and development; and (2) collaborate with other Federal agencies, as appropriate. (e) Report Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Director shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Energy and Natural Resources and Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report detailing the following: (1) Interagency coordination between each Federal agency involved in the research and development activities carried out under this section. (2) Potential opportunities to expand the technical capabilities of the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation. (3) Collaborative research achievements. (4) Areas of future mutually beneficial successes. (5) Continuation of coordination activities between the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation. (f) Research security The activities authorized under this section shall be applied in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act ( 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq. ).