II 118th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 2125 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES June 22, 2023 Mrs. Capito (for herself, Mr. Wicker , Mr. Ricketts , Mr. Sullivan , Ms. Lummis , Mr. Cornyn , and Mr. Barrasso ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works A BILL To amend the Clean Air Act to facilitate efficient State implementation of certain national ambient air quality standards, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the National Ambient Air Quality Standards Implementation Act of 2023 . 2. Definitions In this Act: (1) Administrator The term Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. (2) National ambient air quality standard The term national ambient air quality standard means a national ambient air quality standard promulgated under section 109 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409 ). 3. Facilitating state implementation of national ambient air quality standards (a) Consideration of technological feasibility Section 109(b) of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409(b) ) is amended— (1) by striking (b)(1) National and inserting the following: (b) Requirements (1) In general (A) Public health National ; and (2) in paragraph (1)(A) (as so designated), in the second sentence, by striking Such primary standards and inserting the following: (B) Technological feasibility If the Administrator, in consultation with the independent scientific review committee appointed under subsection (d), finds that a range of levels of air quality for an air pollutant are requisite to protect public health with an adequate margin of safety, as described in subparagraph (A), the Administrator may consider, as a secondary consideration, likely technological feasibility in establishing and revising the national primary ambient air quality standard for the pollutant. (C) Revision National primary ambient air quality standards . (b) Timeline for review of national ambient air quality standards (1) 10-year cycle for all criteria air pollutants Section 109(d) of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409(d) ) is amended— (A) in paragraph (1), in the first sentence, by striking five-year intervals and inserting 10-year intervals ; and (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking five-year intervals and inserting 10-year intervals . (2) Cycle for next review of ozone criteria and standards Notwithstanding section 109(d) of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409(d) ), the Administrator shall not— (A) complete, before December 31, 2030, any review of the criteria for ozone published under section 108 of that Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7408 ) or the national ambient air quality standard for ozone promulgated under section 109 of that Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409 ); or (B) propose, before December 31, 2030, any revisions to those criteria or standards. (3) Cycle for next review of particulate matter criteria and standards Notwithstanding section 109(d) of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409(d) ), the Administrator shall not— (A) complete, before December 18, 2030, any review of the criteria for particulate matter published under section 108 of that Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7408 ) or the national ambient air quality standard for particulate matter promulgated under section 109 of that Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409 ); or (B) propose, before December 18, 2030, any revisions to those criteria or standards. (c) Consideration of adverse public health, welfare, social, economic, or energy effects Section 109(d)(2) of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409(d)(2) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (D) Advice from scientific review committee Before establishing or revising a national ambient air quality standard, the Administrator shall request, and the scientific review committee appointed under subparagraph (A) shall provide, advice under subparagraph (C)(iv) regarding any adverse public health, welfare, social, economic, or energy effects which may result from various strategies for attainment and maintenance of the national ambient air quality standard. . (d) Timely issuance of implementing regulations and guidance Section 109 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7409 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (e) Timely issuance of implementing regulations and guidance (1) Definitions In this subsection: (A) Best available control technology The term best available control technology has the meaning given that term in section 169. (B) Lowest achievable emission rate The term lowest achievable emission rate has the meaning given that term in section 171. (C) Preconstruction permit (i) In general The term preconstruction permit means a permit that is required under part C or D for the construction or modification of a major emitting facility or major stationary source. (ii) Inclusion The term preconstruction permit includes any permit described in clause (i) issued by the Administrator or a State, local, or Tribal permitting authority. (2) Guidance for implementation In publishing any final rule establishing or revising a national ambient air quality standard, the Administrator shall, as the Administrator determines necessary to assist States, permitting authorities, and permit applicants, concurrently publish final regulations and guidance for implementing the national ambient air quality standard, including information relating to submission and consideration of a preconstruction permit application under the new or revised national ambient air quality standard. (3) Applicability of national ambient air quality standard to preconstruction permitting If the Administrator fails to publish the final regulations and guidance referred to in paragraph (2) that include information relating to submission and consideration of a preconstruction permit application under a new or revised national ambient air quality standard concurrently with the national ambient air quality standard, the new or revised national ambient air quality standard shall not apply to the review and disposition of a preconstruction permit application until the date on which the Administrator publishes the final regulations and guidance. (4) Rules of construction Nothing in this subsection— (A) precludes the Administrator from issuing regulations and guidance to assist States, permitting authorities, and permit applicants in implementing a national ambient air quality standard after the publication of final regulations and guidance for the national ambient air quality standard under paragraph (2); (B) eliminates the obligation of a preconstruction permit applicant to install best available control technology and lowest achievable emission rate technology, as applicable; or (C) limits the authority of a State, local, or Tribal permitting authority to impose more stringent emissions requirements pursuant to State, local, or Tribal law than the Federal national ambient air quality standards established by the Administrator. . (e) Contingency measures for extreme ozone nonattainment areas Section 172(c)(9) of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7502(c)(9) ) is amended— (1) in the first sentence, by striking Such and inserting the following: (A) Specific measures A nonattainment ; (2) in subparagraph (A) (as so designated), in the second sentence, by striking Such measures and inserting the following: (B) Contingency measures The specific measures referred to in subparagraph (A) ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (C) Extreme areas Notwithstanding subparagraphs (A) and (B) and any other provision of this Act, the specific measures referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall not be required for any nonattainment area for ozone classified as an Extreme Area. . (f) Plan submissions and requirements for ozone nonattainment areas Section 182 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7511a ) is amended— (1) in subsection (b)(1)(A)(ii)(III), by inserting and economic feasibility after technological achievability ; (2) in subsection (c)(2)(B)(ii), by inserting and economic feasibility after technological achievability ; and (3) in subsection (e)— (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking the second sentence and inserting Paragraphs (6), (7), and (8) of subsection (c) (relating to de minimis rule and modification of sources) shall not apply in the case of an Extreme Area. ; (B) in paragraph (5), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking , if the State demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Administrator that— and all that follows through compliance with subsections (b)(1) and (c)(2) in the undesignated matter following subparagraph (B); and (C) in the undesignated matter following paragraph (5), by striking Any reference to and inserting the following: (6) References Any reference to . (g) Plan revisions for milestones for particulate matter nonattainment areas Section 189(c)(1) of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7513a(c)(1) ) is amended by inserting , which take into account technological achievability and economic feasibility, after redesignated attainment . (h) Exceptional events Section 319(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7619(b)(1) ) is amended by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following: (B) Exclusions In this subsection, the term exceptional event does not include— (i) ordinarily occurring stagnation of air masses; (ii) meteorological inversions; or (iii) air pollution relating to source noncompliance. . (i) Report on emissions emanating from outside the United States Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, in consultation with States, shall submit to Congress a report that describes— (1) the extent to which foreign sources of air pollution, including emissions from sources located outside North America, impact— (A) designations of areas (or portions of areas) as nonattainment, attainment, or unclassifiable under section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7407(d) ); and (B) attainment and maintenance of national ambient air quality standards; (2) the procedures and timelines of the Administrator for the disposition of petitions submitted under subsection (b) of section 179B of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. 7509a ); (3) the total number of petitions received by the Administrator under that section ( 42 U.S.C. 7509a ) and, for each petition— (A) the date on which the petition was initially submitted to the Administrator; and (B) the date of final disposition by the Administrator; and (4) whether the Administrator recommends any statutory changes to facilitate the more efficient review and disposition of petitions submitted under that section ( 42 U.S.C. 7509a ).