II 118th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 2245 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES July 11, 2023 Mr. Rubio (for himself, Mrs. Feinstein , Mrs. Capito , Mr. Manchin , Mr. Padilla , Ms. Smith , Mr. Kelly , and Mr. Blumenthal ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions A BILL To require a review of women and lung cancer, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Women and Lung Cancer Research and Preventive Services Act of 2023 . 2. Findings Congress finds as follows: (1) According to the American Cancer Society, in the United States, approximately 164 women die each day of lung cancer, or about one woman every 8.8 minutes. (2) Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women. (3) The American Cancer Society estimates that 59,910 women will die of lung cancer in 2023. (4) Studies have shown a higher incidence rate of lung cancer for women who were never smokers compared to men who were never smokers. (5) According to the American Cancer Society, new cases of lung cancer dropped by 3 percent per year in men from 2011 to 2015, while new cases in women only dropped 1.5 percent per year in the same time period. (6) According to the 2014 report, The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General, 2014 , the relative risk of developing lung cancer increased tenfold among female smokers between 1959 and 2010. (7) According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 40 percent of lung cancers are adenocarcinoma, a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer, which is the most common type of cancer seen in non-smokers and is more common in women than in men. (8) According to the Environmental Protection Agency, exposure to radon accounts for approximately 21,000 deaths from lung cancer each year and is the second leading cause of lung cancer in non-smokers. (9) A Government Accountability Office report published on October 22, 2015, called for the National Institutes of Health to do more in evaluating gender differences in research. (10) Additional research strategies, including clinical trials, are necessary to explore the differences in lung cancer risk factors, incidence, and treatment response in women, and to address the disparate impact of lung cancer on women who have never smoked. (11) Lung cancer screening, which can detect lung cancer at its earliest, most curable stage, is a covered service available without cost-sharing for those at high risk. (12) Published peer-reviewed actuarial studies indicate that lung cancer screening individuals at high risk may be cost-effective. (13) The National Framework of Excellence in Lung Cancer Screening and Continuum of Care, launched in 2012, demonstrated that lung cancer screening can be safely and effectively carried out in community hospital settings around the Nation. (14) Information on the impact of lung cancer on women and the importance of early detection should be incorporated into all relevant public health awareness campaigns. 3. Sense of Congress concerning women and lung cancer It is the sense of Congress that— (1) there is a disparate impact of lung cancer on women and, in particular, on women who have never smoked; (2) additional research strategies to explore the differences in women with respect to lung cancer risk factors, incidence, histology, and response to treatment are justified and necessary; (3) the implementation of lung cancer preventive services for women should be accelerated; and (4) the public health agencies of the Federal Government should coordinate public education and awareness programs on the impact of lung cancer on women and the importance of early detection. 4. Interagency review to evaluate and identify opportunities for the acceleration of research on women and lung cancer, greater access to preventive services, and strategic public awareness and education campaigns (a) In general The Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of Veterans Affairs, shall conduct an interagency review to evaluate the status of, and identify opportunities related to— (1) research on women and lung cancer; (2) access to lung cancer preventive services; and (3) strategic public awareness and education campaigns on lung cancer. (b) Content The review and recommendations under subsection (a) shall include— (1) a review and comprehensive report on the outcomes of previous research, the status of existing research activities, and knowledge gaps related to women and lung cancer in all agencies of the Federal Government; (2) specific opportunities for collaborative, interagency, multidisciplinary, and innovative research, that would— (A) encourage innovative approaches to eliminate knowledge gaps in research; (B) evaluate environmental and genomic factors that may be related to the etiology of lung cancer in women; and (C) foster advances in imaging technology to improve risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and the simultaneous application of other preventive services; (3) opportunities regarding the development of a national lung cancer screening strategy with sufficient infrastructure and personnel resources to expand access to such screening, particularly among underserved populations; and (4) opportunities regarding the development of a national public education and awareness campaign on women and lung cancer and the importance of early detection of lung cancer. (c) Report Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall submit to Congress a report on the review conducted under subsection (a).