II 118th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 3973 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 19, 2024 Mr. Cotton introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations A BILL To impose sanctions with respect to foreign persons that knowingly engage in political warfare on behalf of a foreign government or political party and to require a determination regarding the United Front Work Department of the Chinese Communist Party, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Countering China’s Political Warfare Act of 2024 . 2. Findings Congress makes the following findings: (1) The U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission has noted that China uses what it calls United Front Work Department of the Chinese Communist Party to co-opt and neutralize sources of potential opposition to the policies and authority of its ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) . (2) In 1939, Chinese leader Mao Zedong hailed the United Front Work Department as a magic weapon in the victory of the communist revolution along with armed struggle . (3) Chinese President Xi Jinping has also referred to the United Front Work Department with those words and given it a key role in what he calls achieving the People’s Republic of China’s national rejuvenation. (4) According to a report by Alex Joske formerly of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, the United Front Work Department has doubled in size since 2015. (5) The United Front Work Department is involved in espionage campaigns, political warfare efforts, utilizing the Chinese diaspora abroad, and infiltration of educational institutions all with the goal of softening opposition to the Chinese Communist Party and its policies throughout the world. (6) The United Front Work Department played a seminal role in coordinating multifaceted political warfare campaigns to blame the United States for the spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (commonly referred to as COVID–19 ) pandemic and coverup the People's Republic of China’s negligent response to the pandemic. (7) An investigation by ProPublica released on March 26, 2020, found that the United Front Work Department was connected to a network of fake and hijacked Twitter accounts that were covertly spreading Chinese Government propaganda about COVID–19 to global audiences. (8) The United Front Work Department utilized Chinese diaspora community associations under its control to purchase personal protective equipment as the COVID–19 outbreak troubled the People's Republic of China from mid-January 2020 on. (9) In February 2020, The Global Times, a site run by the Chinese Communist Party’s People’s Daily newspaper, alleged that COVID–19 was brought to the People's Republic of China from a United States military base during the World Games. (10) As Sheridan Prasso of Bloomberg has reported, the United Front Work Department has actively worked to undermine democracy in Hong Kong under the umbrella of the People's Republic of China’s State Council’s Liaison Office by engaging in political warfare and activating a network of media outlets, and diaspora organizations and pressuring businesses in the city to support the People's Republic of China’s national security laws. (11) The United Front Work Department has played an integral role in the People's Republic of China’s war on religion by leading efforts to publish a new edition of the Bible with Chinese Communist characteristics, actively running internment camps and carrying out anti-religion campaigns against Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang and severe religious repression of Buddhists in Tibet. (12) Recognizing the threat of the United Front Work Department, on December 4, 2020, former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo imposed visa restrictions on individuals active in United Front Work Department activities under section 212(a)(3)(C) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(3)(C) ). Furthermore, on January 15, 2021, the Department of the Treasury imposed sanctions on You Quan, the head of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, placing him on the list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury for his role in the crackdown on pro-democracy protesters in Hong Kong. 3. Imposition of sanctions with respect to foreign persons that knowingly engage in political warfare on behalf of a foreign government or political party (a) Imposition of sanctions The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any foreign person that the President determines knowingly commits a significant act of political warfare. (b) Sanctions described (1) In general The sanctions described in this subsection with respect to a foreign person determined by the President to be subject to subsection (a) are the following: (A) Asset blocking The President shall exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq. ) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in property and interests in property of the foreign person if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person. (B) Inadmissibility of certain individuals (i) Ineligibility for visas, admission, or parole In the case of a foreign person who is an individual, the foreign person is— (I) inadmissible to the United States; (II) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and (III) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq. ). (ii) Current visas revoked (I) In general In the case of a foreign person who is an individual, the visa or other documentation issued to the person shall be revoked, regardless of when such visa or other documentation is or was issued. (II) Effect of revocation A revocation under subclause (I) shall— (aa) take effect immediately; and (bb) automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the person’s possession. (2) Penalties A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out paragraph (1)(A) shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ( 50 U.S.C. 1705 ) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section. (3) Exception to comply with united nations headquarters agreement Sanctions under paragraph (1)(B) shall not apply to a foreign person who is an individual if admitting the person into the United States is necessary to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations. (c) Waiver The President may, on a case-by-case basis and for periods not to exceed 180 days, waive the application of sanctions imposed with respect to a foreign person under this section if the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees not later than 15 days before such waiver is to take effect that the waiver is vital to the national security interests of the United States. (d) Implementation authority The President may exercise all authorities provided to the President under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) for purposes of carrying out this section. (e) Regulatory authority (1) In general Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall promulgate such regulations as are necessary for the implementation of this section. (2) Notification to Congress Not less than 10 days before the promulgation of regulations under paragraph (1), the President shall notify and provide to the appropriate congressional committees the proposed regulations and an identification of the provisions of this section that the regulations are implementing. (f) Definitions In this section: (1) Admitted; alien The terms admitted and alien have the meanings given those terms in section 101(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1101(a) ). (2) Appropriate congressional committees The term appropriate congressional committees means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Ways and Means, and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives; and (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Finance, and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate. (3) Foreign person The term foreign person means a person that is not a United States person. (4) Knowingly The term knowingly , with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result. (5) Person The term person means an individual or entity. (6) Political warfare The term political warfare means any act that— (A) is engaged in by a person that is intentionally acting as an agent of a government of a foreign country or foreign political party; and (B) seeks to influence political, diplomatic, economic, or educational activities in the United States for the purpose of harming the national security or defense of the United States or the safety and security of any United States citizen or alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence, including— (i) spreading propaganda on behalf of the government of a foreign country or a foreign political party; (ii) attempting to recruit persons to participate in activities controlled by or coordinated by the United Front Work Department of the Chinese Communist Party; (iii) disrupting activities in the United States that a government of a foreign country or foreign political party may oppose and in which participating persons are exercising their rights protected under the Constitution of the United States and other laws of the United States; and (iv) attempting by means of intimidation, coercion, or threats to prevent persons in the United States from engaging in actions that a government of a foreign country or foreign political party may oppose. (7) Property; interest in property The terms property and interest in property have the meanings given the terms property and property interest , respectively, in section 576.312 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act. (8) United states person The term United States person means— (A) an individual who is a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States; (B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; or (C) any person in the United States. (g) Sunset (1) In general This section shall cease to be effective beginning on January 1, 2025. (2) Inapplicability Paragraph (1) shall not apply with respect to sanctions imposed with respect to a foreign person under this section before January 1, 2025. 4. Determination with respect to the imposition of sanctions on the United Front Work Department of the Chinese Communist Party (a) In general Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a determination, including a detailed justification, on whether the United Front Work Department of the Chinese Communist Party, or any component or official thereof, meets the criteria for the application of sanctions pursuant to— (1) section 3 of this Act; (2) section 1263 of the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act (subtitle F of title XII of Public Law 114–328 ; 22 U.S.C. 2656 note); (3) section 6 of the Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act of 2020 ( Public Law 116–145 ; 22 U.S.C. 6901 note); or (4) Executive Order 13694 ( 50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to blocking property of certain persons engaged in significant malicious cyber-enabled activities). (b) Form The determination required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex. (c) Appropriate congressional committees defined In this section, the term appropriate congressional committees means— (1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Financial Services, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives; and (2) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Select Committee on Intelligence, the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate.