II 118th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 1878 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES June 8, 2023 Mr. Sullivan (for himself, Mr. Crapo , Mr. Daines , Ms. Murkowski , and Mr. Risch ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary A BILL To increase the number of judgeships for the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and certain district courts of the United States, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Judicial Efficiency Improvement Act . 2. Definitions In this Act: (1) Former ninth circuit The term former ninth circuit means the ninth judicial circuit of the United States as in existence on the day before the effective date of this Act. (2) New ninth circuit The term new ninth circuit means the ninth judicial circuit of the United States established by the amendment made by section 3(2)(A). (3) Twelfth circuit The term twelfth circuit means the twelfth judicial circuit of the United States established by the amendment made by section 3(2)(B). 3. Number and composition of circuits Section 41 of title 28, United States Code, is amended— (1) in the matter preceding the table, by striking thirteen and inserting fourteen ; and (2) in the table— (A) by striking the item relating to the ninth circuit and inserting the following: Ninth California, Guam, Hawaii, Northern Mariana Islands. ; and (B) by inserting after the item relating to the eleventh circuit the following: Twelfth Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington. . 4. Circuit court judgeships (a) New Judgeships The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, 2 additional circuit judges for the new ninth circuit, whose official duty station shall be in California. (b) Effective Date This section shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act. 5. Number of circuit judges The table in section 44(a) of title 28, United States Code, is amended— (1) by striking the item relating to the ninth circuit and inserting the following: Ninth 18 ; and (2) by inserting after the item relating to the eleventh circuit the following: Twelfth 13 . 6. Places of circuit court The table in section 48(a) of title 28, United States Code, is amended— (1) by striking the item relating to the ninth circuit and inserting the following: Ninth Honolulu, Pasadena, San Francisco. ; and (2) by inserting after the item relating to the eleventh circuit the following: Twelfth Las Vegas, Phoenix, Portland, Seattle. . 7. Location of Twelfth Circuit headquarters The offices of the Circuit Executive of the Twelfth Circuit and the Clerk of the Court of the Twelfth Circuit shall be located in Seattle, Washington. 8. Assignment of circuit judges Each circuit judge of the former ninth circuit who is in regular active service and whose official duty station on the day before the effective date of this Act— (1) is in California, Guam, Hawaii, or the Northern Mariana Islands shall be a circuit judge of the new ninth circuit as of that effective date; and (2) is in Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, or Washington shall be a circuit judge of the twelfth circuit as of that effective date. 9. Election of assignment by senior judges Each judge who is a senior circuit judge of the former ninth circuit on the day before the effective date of this Act— (1) may elect to be assigned to the new ninth circuit or the twelfth circuit as of that effective date; and (2) shall notify the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts of the election made under paragraph (1). 10. Seniority of judges The seniority of each judge who is assigned under section 8 or elects to be assigned under section 9 shall run from the date of commission of the judge as a judge of the former ninth circuit. 11. Application to cases The following apply to any case in which, on the day before the effective date of this Act, an appeal or other proceeding has been filed with the former ninth circuit: (1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), if the matter has been submitted for decision, further proceedings with respect to the matter shall be had in the same manner and with the same effect as if this Act had not been enacted. (2) If the matter has not been submitted for decision, the appeal or proceeding, together with the original papers, printed records, and record entries duly certified, shall, by appropriate orders, be transferred to the court to which the matter would have been submitted had this Act been in full force and effect on the date on which the appeal was taken or other proceeding commenced, and further proceedings with respect to the case shall be had in the same manner and with the same effect as if the appeal or other proceeding had been filed in that court. (3) If a petition for rehearing en banc is pending on or after the effective date of this Act, the petition shall be considered by the court of appeals to which the petition would have been submitted had this Act been in full force and effect on the date on which the appeal or other proceeding was filed with the court of appeals. 12. Temporary assignment of circuit judges among circuits Section 291 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: (c) The chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit may, in the public interest and upon request by the chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Twelfth Circuit, designate and assign temporarily any circuit judge of the Ninth Circuit to act as circuit judge in the Twelfth Circuit. (d) The chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Twelfth Circuit may, in the public interest and upon request by the chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, designate and assign temporarily any circuit judge of the Twelfth Circuit to act as circuit judge in the Ninth Circuit. . 13. Temporary assignment of district judges among circuits Section 292 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: (f) The chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit may in the public interest— (1) upon request by the chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Twelfth Circuit, designate and assign one or more district judges of the Ninth Circuit to sit upon the Court of Appeals of the Twelfth Circuit, or a division thereof, whenever the business of that court so requires; and (2) designate and assign temporarily any district judge of the Ninth Circuit to hold a district court in any district within the Twelfth Circuit. (g) The chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Twelfth Circuit may in the public interest— (1) upon request by the chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, designate and assign one or more district judges of the Twelfth Circuit to sit upon the Court of Appeals of the Ninth Circuit, or a division thereof, whenever the business of that court so requires; and (2) designate and assign temporarily any district judge of the Twelfth Circuit to hold a district court in any district within the Ninth Circuit. (h) Any designation or assignment under subsection (f) or (g) shall be in conformity with the rules or orders of the court of appeals of, or the district within, as applicable, the circuit to which the judge is designated or assigned. . 14. District judges for the district courts (a) Additional judgeships The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate— (1) 2 additional district judges for the district of Arizona; (2) 9 additional district judges for the central district of California; (3) 4 additional district judges for the eastern district of California; (4) 6 additional district judges for the northern district of California; (5) 2 additional district judges for the southern district of California; (6) 2 additional district judges for the district of Colorado; (7) 2 additional district judges for the district of Delaware; (8) 5 additional district judges for the middle district of Florida; (9) 1 additional district judge for the northern district of Florida; (10) 3 additional district judges for the southern district of Florida; (11) 2 additional district judges for the northern district of Georgia; (12) 1 additional district judge for the district of Idaho; (13) 1 additional district judge for the southern district of Indiana; (14) 1 additional district judge for the northern district of Iowa; (15) 1 additional district judge for the district of Nebraska; (16) 3 additional district judges for the district of New Jersey; (17) 2 additional district judges for the eastern district of New York; (18) 2 additional district judges for the southern district of New York; (19) 1 additional district judge for the western district of New York; (20) 2 additional district judges for the eastern district of Oklahoma; (21) 1 additional district judge for the northern district of Oklahoma; (22) 2 additional district judges for the eastern district of Texas; (23) 1 additional district judge for the northern district of Texas; (24) 4 additional district judges for the southern district of Texas; and (25) 6 additional district judges for the western district of Texas. (b) Extension of temporary judgeships Section 203(c) of the Judicial Improvements Act of 1990 ( Public Law 101–650 ; 28 U.S.C. 133 note) is amended, in second sentence of the matter following paragraph (12), by striking 31 years and inserting 36 years . (c) Conversion of temporary judgeships The existing judgeship for the eastern district of Missouri authorized by section 203(c) of the Judicial Improvements Act of 1990 ( Public Law 101–650 ; 28 U.S.C. 133 note) and the existing judgeships for the district of Arizona, the central district of California, the southern district of Florida, the district of New Mexico, the western district of North Carolina, and the eastern district of Texas authorized by section 312(c) of the 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act ( Public Law 107–273 , 28 U.S.C. 133 note), as of the date of enactment of this Act, shall be authorized under section 133 of title 28, United States Code, and the incumbents in those offices shall hold the office under section 133 of title 28, United States Code, as amended by this Act. (d) Technical and conforming amendments The table contained in section 133(a) of title 28, United States Code, is amended— (1) by striking the item relating to the district of Arizona and inserting the following: Arizona 15 ; (2) by striking the items relating to California and inserting the following: California: Northern 20 Eastern 10 Central 37 Southern 15 ; (3) by striking the item relating to the district of Colorado and inserting the following: Colorado 9 ; (4) by striking the item relating to the district of Delaware and inserting the following: Delaware 6 ; (5) by striking the items relating to Florida and inserting the following: Florida: Northern 5 Middle 20 Southern 21 ; (6) by striking the items relating to Georgia and inserting the following: Georgia: Northern 13 Middle 4 Southern 3 ; (7) by striking the item relating to Idaho and inserting the following: Idaho 3 ; (8) by striking the items relating to Indiana and inserting the following: Indiana: Northern 5 Southern 6 ; (9) by striking the items relating to Indiana and inserting the following: Iowa: Northern 3 Southern 3 ; (10) by striking the items relating to Nebraska and inserting the following: Nebraska 4 ; (11) by striking the item relating to New Jersey and inserting the following: New Jersey 20 ; (12) by striking the items relating to New York and inserting the following: New York: Southern 30 Eastern 17 Western 5 ; (13) by striking the items relating to Oklahoma and inserting the following: North Carolina: Eastern 3.5 Northern 4.5 ; and (14) by striking the items relating to Texas and inserting the following: Texas: Northern 13 Southern 23 Eastern 10 Western 19 . 15. Administration (a) Transition authority The court of appeals for the ninth circuit as constituted on the day before the effective date of this Act may take any administrative action that is required to carry out this Act and the amendments made by this Act. (b) Administrative termination The court described in subsection (a) shall cease to exist for administrative purposes 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act. 16. Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act, including funds for additional court facilities. 17. Effective date Except as provided in section 4(c), this Act and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.