II 118th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 4752 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES July 23, 2024 Mr. Whitehouse (for himself, Mr. Booker , Mr. Blumenthal , Mr. Carper , Ms. Warren , and Mr. Wyden ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works A BILL To establish an integrated national approach to respond to ongoing and expected effects of extreme weather and climate change by protecting, managing, and conserving the fish, wildlife, and plants of the United States, and to maximize Government efficiency and reduce costs, in cooperation with State and local governments, Indian Tribes, Native Hawaiians, and other entities, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Safeguarding America's Future and Environment Act or the SAFE Act . 2. Findings, purposes, and policy (a) Findings Congress finds that— (1) healthy, diverse, and productive communities of fish, wildlife, and plants provide significant benefits to the people and economy of the United States, including— (A) abundant clean water supplies; (B) flood and coastal storm protection; (C) clean air; (D) a source of food, fiber, medicines, and pollination of the crops and other plants of the United States; (E) outdoor recreation, which is a source of jobs and economic stimulus; (F) hunting and fishing opportunities and support for subsistence communities; (G) opportunities for scientific research and education; (H) world-class tourism destinations that support local economies; (I) sequestration and storage of carbon to help mitigate changes to the global climate system; and (J) cultural values and sources of traditional knowledge and practice; (2) the United States Geological Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other agencies within the United States Global Change Research Program have observed that the fish, wildlife, and plants of the United States are facing increasing risks from changing patterns of extreme weather and climate, including— (A) severe droughts and heatwaves; (B) severe storms and floods; (C) frequent and severe wildfires; (D) more frequent and severe outbreaks of forest pests and invasive species; (E) flooding and erosion of coastal areas due to rising sea levels; (F) melting glaciers and sea ice; (G) thawing permafrost; (H) shifting distributions of fish, wildlife, and plant populations; (I) disruptive shifts in the timing of fish, wildlife, and plant natural history cycles, such as blooming, breeding, and seasonal migrations; (J) increasing ocean temperatures and acidification; (K) altered patterns of rain, snow, runoff, and streamflow; and (L) habitat loss, degradation, fragmentation, and movement; and (3) the Federal Government should provide leadership in preparing for and responding to the effects described in paragraph (2) to ensure that present and future generations continue to receive the benefits of the abundant and diverse fish, wildlife, and plant resources of the United States. (b) Purposes The purpose of this Act is to establish an integrated national approach— (1) to respond to ongoing and expected effects of extreme weather and climate change by protecting, managing, and conserving the fish, wildlife, and plants of the United States; and (2) to maximize Government efficiency and reduce costs, in cooperation with State and local governments, Indian Tribes, Native Hawaiians, and other entities. (c) National fish, wildlife, and plants climate change adaptation policy It is the policy of the Federal Government, in cooperation with State and local governments, Indian Tribes, Native Hawaiians, and other interested stakeholders, to evaluate and reduce the increased risks and vulnerabilities associated with climate change and extreme weather events, and to use all practicable means to protect, manage, and conserve healthy, diverse, and productive fish, wildlife, and plant populations. 3. Definitions In this Act: (1) Adaptation The term adaptation means— (A) the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and the effects of climate change; and (B) with respect to fish, wildlife, and plants, protection, management, and conservation efforts designed to maintain or enhance the ability of fish, wildlife, and plants to withstand, adjust to, or recover from the effects of extreme weather and climate change (including, where applicable, ocean acidification, drought, flooding, and wildfire). (2) Committee The term Committee means the Advisory Committee on Climate Change and Natural Resource Sciences established under section 6(b)(1). (3) Ecological processes The term ecological processes means biological, chemical, or physical interaction between the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem, including— (A) decomposition; (B) disease epizootiology; (C) disturbance regimes, such as fire and flooding; (D) gene flow; (E) hydrological cycling; (F) larval dispersal and settlement; (G) nutrient cycling; (H) pollination; (I) predator-prey relationships; and (J) soil formation. (4) Habitat The term habitat means the physical, chemical, and biological properties that fish, wildlife, or plants use for growth, reproduction, survival, food, water, or cover (whether on land, in water, or in an area or region). (5) Habitat connectivity The term habitat connectivity means areas that facilitate terrestrial, marine, estuarine, and freshwater fish, wildlife, or plant movement that is necessary— (A) for migration, gene flow, or dispersal; or (B) to respond to the ongoing and expected effects of climate change (including, where applicable, ocean acidification, drought, flooding, and wildfire). (6) Indian Tribe The term Indian Tribe has the meaning given the term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act ( 25 U.S.C. 5304 ). (7) National Strategy The term National Strategy means the National Fish, Wildlife, and Plants Climate Adaptation Strategy released March 26, 2013. (8) Native American The term Native American has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act ( 25 U.S.C. 3001 ). (9) Native Hawaiian organization The term Native Hawaiian organization has the meaning given the term in section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 7517 ). (10) Network The term Network means the Climate Adaptation Science Center Network established under section 6(a)(1). (11) Resilience; resilient The terms resilience and resilient mean the ability to anticipate, prepare for, and adapt to changing conditions and withstand, respond to, and recover rapidly from disruptions. (12) State The term State means— (A) a State of the United States; (B) the District of Columbia; (C) American Samoa; (D) Guam; (E) the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands; (F) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and (G) the United States Virgin Islands. (13) Working Group The term Working Group means the National Fish, Wildlife, and Plants Climate Adaptation Strategy Joint Implementation Working Group established under section 4(a). 4. National fish, wildlife, and plants climate adaptation strategy joint implementation working group (a) Establishment Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the President shall establish a National Fish, Wildlife, and Plants Climate Adaptation Strategy Joint Implementation Working Group composed of the heads of Federal and State agencies or departments with jurisdiction over fish, wildlife, and plant resources of the United States, and Tribal representatives, as follows: (1) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. (2) The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. (3) The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (4) The Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality. (5) The Chief of Engineers. (6) The Chief of the Forest Service. (7) The Commissioner of Reclamation. (8) The Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. (9) The Director of the Bureau of Land Management. (10) The Director of the National Park Service. (11) The Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. (12) The Director of the United States Geological Survey. (13) The Secretary of Agriculture. (14) The Secretary of Defense. (15) State representatives from each regional association of State fish and wildlife agencies. (16) Not less than 2 representatives of Indian Tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations. (b) Duties The Working Group shall serve as a forum for interagency consultation on, and the coordination of, the development and implementation of the National Strategy. (c) Co-Chairs There shall be 4 co-chairs, of whom— (1) 2 shall be representatives of the Federal Government; (2) 1 shall be a representative of a State; and (3) 1 shall be a representative of an Indian Tribe or a Native Hawaiian organization. (d) FACA Notwithstanding section 1009 of title 5, United States Code, the Working Group may close a meeting of the Working Group to the public or redact information from minutes of a meeting of the Working Group if the applicable Tribal or Native Hawaiian organization representatives on the Working Group determine that a meeting or minutes from a meeting, as applicable, will disclose sensitive traditional ecological knowledge. (e) FOIA (1) In general Except as provided in paragraph (3), information described in paragraph (2) shall be exempt from disclosure under section 552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code. (2) Information described The information referred to in paragraph (1) is information that a representative of an Indian Tribe or a Native Hawaiian organization on the Working Group or any other member of an Indian Tribe or a Native Hawaiian organization— (A) submits to or discusses with the Working Group; and (B) designates as sensitive or private according to Tribal or Native Hawaiian custom, law, culture, or religion. (3) Exception If a representative of an Indian Tribe or a Native Hawaiian organization on the Working Group or any other member of an Indian Tribe or a Native Hawaiian organization requests information that the Tribal or Native Hawaiian organization representative or member submitted to the Working Group and designated as sensitive or private, as described in paragraph (2), the Tribal or Native Hawaiian organization representative or member shall receive that information. 5. National fish, wildlife, and plants climate adaptation strategy (a) In general The Working Group shall adopt the National Strategy to protect, manage, and conserve fish, wildlife, and plants to maintain the inherent resilience and adaptability of fish, wildlife, and plants to withstand the ongoing and expected effects of extreme weather and climate change. (b) Review and revision Not later than 1 year after each release of the assessment required under section 106 of the Global Change Research Act of 1990 ( 15 U.S.C. 2936 ), the Working Group shall— (1) use sound science and traditional ecological knowledge to review and revise the National Strategy to incorporate— (A) new information regarding the ongoing and expected effects of climate change on fish, wildlife, and plants; and (B) advances in the development of fish, wildlife, and plant adaptation strategies; and (2) in carrying out paragraph (1)— (A) provide public notice and opportunity for comment; and (B) include robust consultation or engagement with Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations, as appropriate. (c) Contents A revised National Strategy shall— (1) assess the vulnerability of fish, wildlife, and plants to climate change, including short-term, medium-term, long-term, and cumulative impacts; (2) describe current, observation, and monitoring activities at the Federal, State, Tribal, and local levels relating to the ongoing and expected effects of climate change on fish, wildlife, and plants; (3) identify and prioritize research and data needs and areas to incorporate traditional ecological knowledge; (4) identify fish, wildlife, and plants likely to have the greatest need for protection, restoration, and conservation due to the ongoing and expanding effects of extreme weather and climate change; (5) include specific protocols for integrating fish, wildlife, and plant adaptation strategies and activities into the conservation and management of natural resources by Federal agencies to ensure consistency across agency jurisdictions; (6) identify opportunities for maintaining, restoring, or enhancing fish, wildlife, and plants to reduce the risks of extreme weather and climate change on other vulnerable sectors of society; (7) identify opportunities to increase co-stewardship and co-management of fish, wildlife, and plants between Indian Tribes, Native Hawaiian organizations, and Federal and State partners; (8) identify Federal policies and actions that may reduce resilience and increase the vulnerability of fish, wildlife, and plants to extreme weather and climate change; (9) include specific actions that Federal agencies shall take to protect, conserve, and manage fish, wildlife, and plants to maintain the inherent resilience and adaptability of fish, wildlife, and plants to withstand, adjust to, or recover from the ongoing and expected effects of climate change, including a timeline to implement those actions; (10) include specific mechanisms for ensuring communication and coordination— (A) among Federal agencies; and (B) between Federal and State agencies, territories of the United States, Indian Tribes, Native Hawaiian organizations, private landowners, conservation organizations, and other countries that share jurisdiction over fish, wildlife, and plants with the United States; (11) include specific actions to develop and implement coordinated fish, wildlife, and plants inventory and monitoring protocols through— (A) interagency coordination and collaboration with States, local governments, and private organizations; and (B) robust consultation or engagement with Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations, as appropriate; and (12) include procedures for guiding the development of detailed strategy implementation plans required under section 7. (d) Implementation (1) In general Consistent with other laws and Federal trust responsibilities concerning Indian land or rights of Indians under treaties with the United States, and through collaboration, engagement, and resource co-stewardship and co-management, as appropriate, with Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations, each Federal agency shall integrate the elements of the National Strategy that relate to conservation, management, and protection of fish, wildlife, and plants into agency plans, environmental reviews, and programs. (2) Public report The Working Group shall, on a biannual basis, between revisions to the National Strategy, make available to the public a report documenting any actions implementing the Strategy. (3) Coordination The Working Group shall coordinate the implementation of the National Strategy with Federal agencies, Indian Tribes, and Native Hawaiian organizations not represented on the Working Group to achieve the policy of the United States described in section 2(c). 6. Fish, wildlife, and plants adaptation science and information (a) Climate Adaptation Science Center Network (1) Establishment The Secretary of the Interior, in collaboration with the States, Indian Tribes, Native Hawaiian organizations, and other partner organizations, shall establish a Climate Adaptation Science Center Network. (2) Structure The Network shall consist of a National Climate Adaptation Science Center and a network of Regional Climate Adaptation Science Centers (referred to in this section as Centers ) that adequately represent the ecological diversity, climate risks, and adaptation science needs across States and territories of the United States. (3) Duties of Centers The Centers shall assess and develop scientific information, tools, strategies, and techniques to support the Working Group, Federal and State agencies, Indian Tribes, Native Hawaiian organizations, regionally based science and conservation centers, regional coordinating entities, and other interested parties in addressing the effects of extreme weather and climate change on fish, wildlife, and plants. (4) General authority to enter into contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements The Secretary may enter into contracts, grants, or cooperative agreements with State agencies, State cooperative extension services, institutions of higher education, other research or educational institutions and organizations, Tribal organizations, Native Hawaiian organizations, Federal and private agencies and organizations, individuals, and any other contractor or recipient, to further the duties under paragraph (3) without regard to— (A) any requirements for competition; (B) section 6101 of title 41, United States Code; or (C) subsections (a) and (b) of section 3324 of title 31, United States Code. (b) Advisory committee on climate change and natural resource sciences (1) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, and pursuant to chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the Federal Advisory Committee Act ), the Secretary of the Interior shall establish an Advisory Committee on Climate Change and Natural Resource Sciences. (2) Membership The Committee shall be comprised of 25 members who— (A) represent— (i) Federal agencies; (ii) State and local governments; (iii) Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations; (iv) nongovernmental organizations; (v) academic institutions; and (vi) the private sector; and (B) have expertise in— (i) biology (including fish, wildlife, plant, aquatic, coastal, and marine biology); (ii) ecology; (iii) climate change (including, where applicable, ocean acidification, drought, flooding, and wildfire); (iv) traditional ecological knowledge; and (v) other relevant scientific disciplines. (3) Chair The Secretary of the Interior shall appoint a Committee Chair from among the members of the Committee. (4) Duties The Committee shall— (A) advise the Secretary of the Interior on the establishment, implementation, and evaluation of the Network and the integration of climate adaptation science into the operation of bureaus and programs of the Department of the Interior; (B) advise the Working Group on the state of the science regarding— (i) the ongoing and expected effects of extreme weather and climate change on fish, wildlife, and plants; and (ii) scientific strategies and mechanisms for fish, wildlife, and plant adaptation; (C) identify and recommend priorities for ongoing research needs on the issues described in subparagraph (B) to inform the research priorities of the Centers and other Federal climate science institutions; and (D) review and comment on each revised National Strategy before that National Strategy is finalized. (5) Collaboration The Committee shall collaborate with climate change and fish, wildlife, and plant research entities in other Federal agencies and departments. (6) Availability to public The advice and recommendations of the Committee shall be made available to the public. (7) FACA Notwithstanding section 1009 of title 5, United States Code, the Committee may close a meeting of the Committee to the public or redact information from minutes of a meeting of the Committee if a member representing an Indian Tribe or a Native Hawaiian organization on the Committee determines that a meeting or minutes from a meeting, as applicable, will disclose sensitive traditional ecological knowledge. (8) FOIA (A) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (C), information described in subparagraph (B) shall be exempt from disclosure under section 552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code. (B) Information described The information referred to in subparagraph (A) is information that a member representing an Indian Tribe or a Native Hawaiian organization on the Committee— (i) submits to or discusses with the Committee; and (ii) designates as sensitive or private according to Native American custom, law, culture, or religion. (C) Exception If a member representing an Indian Tribe or a Native Hawaiian organization on the Committee requests information that the member submitted to the Committee and designated as sensitive or private, as described in subparagraph (B), that member shall receive that information. 7. Strategy implementation plan (a) Development Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act and not later than 1 year after the date of each revision of the National Strategy, the Working Group shall— (1) complete a strategy implementation plan; (2) provide opportunities for public review and comment on the plan; (3) conduct robust consultation or engagement with Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations, as appropriate; and (4) submit the plan to the President for approval. (b) Requirements The strategy implementation plan shall— (1) identify and prioritize specific conservation and management strategies and actions that address the ongoing and expected effects of extreme weather and climate change on fish, wildlife, and plants, including— (A) protection, management, co-stewardship, co-management, and conservation of terrestrial, marine, estuarine, and freshwater habitats and ecosystems; (B) establishment of terrestrial, marine, estuarine, and freshwater habitat connectivity corridors; (C) restoration and conservation of ecological processes; (D) protection of a broad diversity of species of fish, wildlife, and plant populations; (E) protection of fish, wildlife, and plant health, recognizing that climate can alter the distribution and ecology of parasites, pathogens, and vectors; and (F) management of human-wildlife conflict, recognizing climate-induced movements of wildlife are likely to result in increased interactions between wildlife and human communities; (2) establish methods— (A) to assess the effectiveness of strategies and conservation actions implemented by the agencies to protect, manage, and conserve fish, wildlife, and plants; and (B) to update those strategies and actions to respond to new information and changing conditions; (C) to consult or engage, as appropriate, with Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations; and (D) to incorporate traditional ecological knowledge into plans and strategies; (3) describe current and proposed mechanisms to enhance cooperation and coordination of fish, wildlife, and plant adaptation efforts with other Federal agencies, State and local governments, Indian Tribes, Native Hawaiian organizations, and nongovernmental stakeholders; (4) include written guidance to resource managers; and (5) identify and assess data and information gaps necessary to develop fish, wildlife, and plant adaptation plans and strategies. (c) Implementation (1) In general On approval by the President, each Federal agency shall, consistent with existing authority, implement the strategy implementation plan under subsection (a)(1) through existing and new plans, policies, programs, activities, and actions. (2) Consideration of effects To the maximum extent practicable and consistent with existing authority, fish, wildlife, and plant conservation and management decisions made by each Federal agency shall consider and promote resilience to the ongoing and expected effects of extreme weather and climate change. (d) Revision and review Not later than 1 year after the National Strategy is revised under section 5(b), the Working Group shall review and revise the strategy implementation plan under subsection (a)(1) to incorporate the best available science, including advice and information pursuant to section 6 and other information, regarding the ongoing and expected effects of climate change on fish, wildlife, and plants. 8. State fish, wildlife, and plants adaptation plans (a) Requirement To be eligible to receive funds pursuant to subsection (d), not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act and not later than 1 year after the date of each revision of the National Strategy, each State shall prepare and submit to the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce a State fish, wildlife, and plant adaptation plan detailing current and future efforts of the State to address the ongoing and expected effects of climate change on fish, wildlife, and plants and coastal areas within the jurisdiction of the State. (b) Review or approval The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce shall— (1) review each State adaptation plan; and (2) approve a State adaptation plan if the plan— (A) meets the requirements of subsection (c); and (B) is consistent with the National Strategy. (c) Contents A State adaptation plan shall— (1) meet the requirements described in section 7(b), except that the requirements of that section relating to marine habitats or ecosystems shall not apply to a State in which those habitats or ecosystems do not exist; (2) include the adaptation provisions of any State comprehensive wildlife conservation strategy (or State wildlife action plan) that has been— (A) submitted to the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; and (B) approved, or is pending approval, by the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service; (3) include the adaptation provisions of a statewide assessment and strategy for forest resources required under section 2A of the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 ( 16 U.S.C. 2101a ) that has been— (A) submitted to the Secretary of Agriculture; and (B) approved, or is pending approval, by the Secretary of Agriculture; (4) in the case of a State with coastal areas, include the adaptation provisions of a Coastal Zone Management Plan or a Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program Plan that has been— (A) submitted to the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and (B) approved, or is pending approval, by the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and (5) include documentation describing efforts and opportunities to conduct robust consultation or engagement with Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations, as appropriate. (d) Distribution of funds to States Any funds made available pursuant to this Act shall be— (1) used to carry out activities in accordance with adaptation plans approved under this section; and (2) made available through— (A) the State and Tribal wildlife grant program under title I of division F of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 ( Public Law 110–161 ; 121 Stat. 2103); and (B) (i) the grant program under section 306 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 ( 16 U.S.C. 1455 ); (ii) the Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program established under title II of the Department of Commerce and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002 ( 16 U.S.C. 1456d ); and (iii) programs established under the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 ( 16 U.S.C. 2101 et seq. ). (e) Tribal climate priorities (1) In general Of the amounts made available to a State pursuant to this Act, not less than 2 percent shall be used to implement Tribal and Native Hawaiian climate priorities, as determined by consultation or engagement with relevant Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations, as applicable and appropriate. (2) Funding to Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations A State may award amounts described in paragraph (1) to Indian Tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations located in the State to implement Tribal or Native Hawaiian climate priorities, as applicable and appropriate. (f) Public input In developing an adaptation plan, a State shall— (1) solicit and consider input from the public and independent scientists; and (2) conduct robust consultation or engagement with Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations, as appropriate. (g) Coordination with other plans A State adaptation plan shall, where appropriate, integrate the goals and measures set forth in other climate adaptation, hazard mitigation, and fish, wildlife, and plant conservation strategies and plans. (h) Updates Each State adaptation plan shall be updated at least every 4 years.