I 118th CONGRESS 2d Session H. R. 8790 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES June 18, 2024 Mr. Westerman (for himself, Mr. Peters , Mr. Tiffany , Mr. Panetta , Mr. Stauber , Mr. Costa , Mr. McClintock , Mr. Cárdenas , Mr. Curtis , Mr. Bera , Mr. Duarte , Mr. Moylan , and Mr. Gosar ) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Natural Resources , and in addition to the Committees on Agriculture , and Science, Space, and Technology , for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned A BILL To expedite under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and improve forest management activities on National Forest System lands, on public lands under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management, and on Tribal lands to return resilience to overgrown, fire-prone forested lands, and for other purposes.

1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Fix Our Forests Act . (b) Table of contents The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. Title I—Landscape-Scale Restoration Subtitle A—Addressing Emergency Wildfire Risks in High Priority Firesheds Sec. 101. Designation of fireshed management areas. Sec. 102. Fireshed center. Sec. 103. Fireshed registry. Sec. 104. Shared stewardship. Sec. 105. Fireshed assessments. Sec. 106. Emergency fireshed management. Sec. 107. Sunset. Subtitle B—Expanding Collaborative Tools To Reduce Wildfire Risk and Improve Forest Health Sec. 111. Modification of the treatment of certain revenue and payments under good neighbor agreements. Sec. 112. Fixing stewardship end result contracting. Sec. 113. Intra-agency strike teams. Sec. 114. Locally-led restoration. Subtitle C—Litigation Reform Sec. 121. Commonsense litigation reform. Sec. 122. Consultation on forest plans. Title II—Protecting Communities in the Wildland-Urban Interface Sec. 201. Community wildfire risk reduction program. Sec. 202. Community wildfire defense research program. Sec. 203. Vegetation management, facility inspection, and operation and maintenance relating to electric transmission and distribution facility rights-of-way. Sec. 204. Categorical exclusion for electric utility lines rights-of-way. Sec. 205. Seeds of success. Title III—Transparency and Technology Sec. 301. Biochar innovations and opportunities for conservation, health, and advancements in research. Sec. 302. Accurate hazardous fuels reduction reports. Sec. 303. Public-private wildfire technology deployment and testbed partnership. Sec. 304. GAO study on Forest Service policies. Sec. 305. Forest Service Western headquarters study. 2. Definitions In this Act: (1) Director The term Director means the Director of the Fireshed Center appointed under section 102. (2) Fireshed The term fireshed means a landscape-scale area that faces similar wildfire threat where a response strategy could influence the wildfire outcome. (3) Fireshed management project The term fireshed management project means a project under section 106. (4) Fireshed Registry The term Fireshed Registry means the fireshed registry established under section 103. (5) Forest plan The term forest plan means— (A) a land use plan prepared by the Bureau of Land Management for public lands pursuant to section 202 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 ( 43 U.S.C. 1712 ); (B) a land and resource management plan prepared by the Forest Service for a unit of the National Forest System pursuant to section 6 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 ( 16 U.S.C. 1604 ); or (C) a forest management plan (as defined in section 304 of the National Indian Forests Resources Management Act ( 25 U.S.C. 3104 )) with respect to Indian forest land or rangeland. (6) Governor The term Governor means the Governor or any other appropriate executive official of an affected State or Indian tribe or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (7) Hazardous fuels management activities The term hazardous fuels management activities means any vegetation management activities (or combination thereof) that reduce the risk of wildfire, including mechanical thinning, mastication, prescribed burning, cultural burning (as determined by the applicable Indian Tribe), timber harvest, and grazing. (8) HFRA terms The terms at-risk community , community wildfire protection plan , and wildland-urban interface have the meanings given such terms, respectively, in section 101 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 ( 16 U.S.C. 6511 ). (9) Indian forest land or rangeland The term Indian forest land or rangeland means land that— (A) is held in trust by, or with a restriction against alienation by, the United States for an Indian Tribe or a member of an Indian Tribe; and (B) (i) (I) is Indian forest land (as defined in section 304 of the National Indian Forest Resources Management Act ( 25 U.S.C. 3103 )); or (II) has a cover of grasses, brush, or any similar vegetation; or (ii) formerly had a forest cover or vegetative cover that is capable of restoration. (10) Indian tribe The term Indian Tribe has the meaning given that term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act ( 25 U.S.C. 5304 ). (11) National forest system lands The term National Forest System lands has the meaning given the term in section 11(a) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 ( 16 U.S.C. 1609 ). (12) Public lands The term public lands has the meaning given that term in section 103 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 ( 43 U.S.C. 1702 ), except that the term includes Coos Bay Wagon Road Grant lands and Oregon and California Railroad Grant lands. (13) Relevant congressional committees The term relevant Congressional Committees means— (A) the Committees on Natural Resources and Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and (B) the Committees on Energy and Natural Resources and Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate. (14) Responsible official The term responsible official means an employee of the Department of the Interior or Forest Service who has the authority to make and implement a decision on a proposed action. (15) Secretaries The term Secretaries means each of— (A) the Secretary of the Interior; and (B) the Secretary of Agriculture. (16) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture. (17) Secretary concerned The term Secretary concerned means— (A) the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to National Forest System lands; and (B) the Secretary of the Interior, with respect to public lands. (18) State The term State means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, and each territory of the United States I Landscape-Scale Restoration A Addressing Emergency Wildfire Risks in High Priority Firesheds 101. Designation of fireshed management areas (a) Designation of fireshed management areas (1) Initial designations For the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act and ending on the date that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, there are designated fireshed management areas, which— (A) shall be comprised of individual landscape-scale firesheds identified as being a high risk fireshed in the Wildfire Crisis Strategy published by the Forest Service in January 2022; (B) shall be comprised of individual landscape-scale firesheds identified by the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, as being in the top 20 percent of the 7,688 firesheds published by the Rocky Mountain Research Station of the Forest Service in 2019 for wildfire exposure based on the following criteria— (i) wildfire exposure and corresponding risk to communities, including risk to structures and life; (ii) wildfire exposure and corresponding risk to municipal watersheds; and (iii) risk of forest conversion due to wildfire; (C) shall not overlap with any other fireshed management areas; (D) may contain Federal and non-Federal land, including Indian forest lands or rangelands; and (E) where the Secretary concerned shall carry out fireshed management projects. (2) Further fireshed management area designations (A) In general On the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act and every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, shall submit to the relevant Congressional Committees an updated map of firesheds based on the Fireshed Registry maintained under section 103. (B) Designation Not later than 60 days after submitting an updated fireshed map under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall, based on such map, designate additional fireshed management areas that are identified as being in the top 20 percent of firesheds at risk for wildfire exposure based on the criteria specified in subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E) of paragraph (1). (b) Applicability of NEPA The designation of fireshed management areas under this section shall not be subject to the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ( 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. ). 102. Fireshed center (a) Establishment (1) In general The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service and the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, shall jointly establish a Fireshed Center (hereinafter referred to as the Center ) comprised of at least one career representative from each of the following: (A) The Forest Service. (B) The Bureau of Land Management. (C) The National Park Service. (D) The Bureau of Indian Affairs. (E) The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (F) The U.S. Geological Survey. (G) The Department of Defense. (H) The Department of Homeland Security. (I) The Department of Energy. (J) The Federal Emergency Management Agency. (K) The National Science Foundation. (L) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (M) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (N) The National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2) Director The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service and the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, shall jointly appoint a Director of the Center, who— (A) shall be an employee of the U.S. Geological Survey or the Forest Service; (B) shall serve an initial term of not more than 7 years; and (C) may serve one additional term of not more than 7 years after the initial term described in subparagraph (B). (3) Additional representation The Secretary, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service and the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey, may jointly appoint additional representatives of Federal agencies to the Center, as the Secretaries determine necessary. (b) Purposes The purposes of the Center are to— (1) comprehensively assess and predict fire in the wildland and built environment interface through data aggregation and science-based decision support services; (2) reduce fragmentation and duplication across Federal land management agencies with respect to predictive service and decision support functions related to wildland fire; (3) promote interorganizational coordination and sharing of data regarding wildland fire decision making; (4) streamline procurement processes and cybersecurity systems related to addressing wildland fire; (5) provide publicly accessible data, models, technologies, assessments, and fire weather forecasts to support short- and long-term planning regarding wildland fire and post-fire recovery; and (6) maintain the Fireshed Registry established under section 103. (c) Memorandas of understanding The Center may enter into memorandums of understanding with State governments, Indian Tribes, local governments, academic or research institutions, and private entities to improve the information and operations of the Center. (d) Administrative support, technical services, and staff support (1) USGS support The Secretary of the Interior shall make personnel of the U.S. Geological Survey available to the Center for such administrative support, technical services, and development and dissemination of data as the Secretary determines necessary to carry out this section. (2) USFS support The Secretary shall make personnel of the Forest Service available to the Center for such administrative support, technical services, and the development and dissemination of information related to fireshed management and the Fireshed Registry as the Secretary determines necessary to carry out this section. 103. Fireshed registry (a) Fireshed registry The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Fireshed Center appointed under section 102, shall maintain a Fireshed Registry on a publicly accessible website that provides interactive geospatial data on individual firesheds, including information on— (1) wildfire exposure delineated by ownership, including rights-of-way for utilities and other public or private purposes; (2) any hazardous fuels management activities that have occurred within an individual fireshed in the past 10 years; (3) wildfire exposure with respect to such fireshed delineated by— (A) wildfire exposure and corresponding risk to communities, including risk to structures and life; (B) wildfire exposure and corresponding risk to municipal watersheds; and (C) risk of forest conversion due to wildfire; (4) the percentage of the fireshed that has burned in wildfires in the past 10 years, including, to the extent practicable, delineations of acres that have burned at a high severity; (5) spatial patterns of wildfire exposure, including plausible extreme fire events; and (6) any hazardous fuels management activities planned for the fireshed, including fireshed management projects under section 106 of this Act. (b) Community Wildfire Protection Plans The Director shall make data from the Fireshed Registry available to local communities developing or updating community wildfire protection plans. (c) Requirement To maintain As part of the website containing the Fireshed Registry, the Director shall— (1) publish fireshed assessments created under section 105; and (2) maintain a searchable database to track— (A) the status of Federal environmental reviews, permits, and authorizations for specific fireshed management projects conducted under section 106, including— (i) a comprehensive permitting timetable; (ii) the status of the compliance of each lead agency, cooperating agency, and participating agency with the permitting timetable with respect to such fireshed management projects; (iii) any modifications of the permitting timetable required under clause (i), including an explanation as to why the permitting timetable was modified; and (iv) information about project-related public meetings, public hearings, and public comment periods, which shall be presented in English and the predominant language of the community or communities most affected by the project, as that information becomes available; (B) the projected cost of such fireshed management projects; and (C) in the case of fireshed management projects completed pursuant to section 106, the effectiveness of such projects in reducing the wildfire exposure within an applicable fireshed, including wildfire exposure described in subparagraphs (A) through (C) of subsection (a)(3). 104. Shared stewardship (a) Joint agreements Not later than 90 days after receiving a written request from a Governor of a State or an Indian Tribe, the Secretary concerned shall enter into a shared stewardship agreement (or similar agreement) with such Governor or Indian Tribe to jointly— (1) promote the reduction of wildfire exposure, based on the criteria in section 101(a)(1)(B), in fireshed management areas across jurisdictional boundaries; and (2) conduct fireshed assessments under section 105. (b) Additional fireshed management areas With respect to a shared stewardship agreement (or similar agreement) with a Governor of a State or an Indian Tribe entered into under subsection (a), the Secretary concerned, if requested by such Governor or Indian Tribe, may— (1) designate additional fireshed management areas under such agreement; and (2) update such agreement to address new wildfire threats. 105. Fireshed assessments (a) Fireshed assessments (1) In general Not later than 90 days after the date on which the Secretary concerned enters into an agreement with a Governor of a State or an Indian Tribe under section 104, the Secretary concerned and such Governor or Indian Tribe shall, with respect to the fireshed management areas designated in such State, jointly conduct a fireshed assessment that— (A) identifies— (i) using the best available data, wildfire exposure risks within each such fireshed management area, including scenario planning and wildfire hazard mapping and models; and (ii) each at-risk community within each fireshed management area; (B) identifies potential fireshed management projects to be carried out in such fireshed management areas, giving priority— (i) primarily, to projects with the purpose of reducing— (I) wildfire exposure and corresponding risk to communities, including risk to structures and life; (II) wildfire exposure and corresponding risk to municipal watersheds; (III) risk of forest conversion due to wildfire; or (IV) any combination of purposes described in subclauses (I) through (III); and (ii) secondarily, to projects with the purpose of protecting— (I) critical infrastructure, including utility infrastructure; (II) wildlife habitats, including habitat for species listed under the Endangered Species Act ( 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq. ); (III) the built environment, including residential and commercial buildings; (IV) Tribal resources; or (V) any combination of purposes described in subclauses (I) through (IV); (C) includes— (i) a strategy for reducing the threat of wildfire to at-risk communities in the wildland-urban interface on both Federal and non-Federal land; (ii) a timeline for the implementation of fireshed management projects; (iii) long-term benchmark goals for the completion of fireshed management projects in the highest wildfire exposure areas so that such projects contribute to the development and maintenance of healthy and resilient landscapes; and (iv) policies to ensure fireshed management projects comply with applicable forest plans and incorporate the best available science; (D) shall be regularly updated based on the best available data, as determined by the Secretary concerned; and (E) shall be publicly available on a website maintained by the Secretary concerned. (2) Local government participation Upon the written request of a local government, the Secretary concerned may allow such local government to participate in producing the fireshed assessment under paragraph (1) with the Governor of the State and for the State in which the local government is located. (3) Information improvement (A) Memorandums of understanding In carrying out a fireshed assessment under this subsection, the Secretary concerned may enter into memorandums of understanding with other Federal agencies or departments, States, Indian Tribes, private entities, or research or educational institutions to improve, with respect to such assessment, the use and integration of— (i) advanced remote sensing and geospatial technologies; (ii) statistical modeling and analysis; or (iii) any other technology or combination of technologies and analyses that the Secretary concerned determines will benefit the quality of information of such an assessment. (B) Best available science In using the best available science for the fireshed assessments completed under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary concerned and Governor shall, to the maximum extent practicable, incorporate— (i) traditional ecological knowledge from Indian Tribes; (ii) data from State forest action plans and State wildfire risk assessments; (iii) data from the Fireshed Registry maintained under section 103; and (iv) data from other Federal, State, Tribal, and local governments or agencies. (b) Applicability of NEPA Fireshed assessments conducted under this section shall not be subject to the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ( 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. ). 106. Emergency fireshed management (a) Fireshed management projects (1) In general The Secretary concerned, acting through a responsible official, shall carry out fireshed management projects in fireshed management areas designated under section 101 in accordance with this section. (2) Fireshed management projects The responsible official shall carry out the following forest and vegetation management activities as fireshed management projects under this section: (A) Conducting hazardous fuels management activities. (B) Creating fuel breaks and fire breaks. (C) Removing hazard trees, dead trees, dying trees, or trees at risk of dying, as determined by the responsible official. (D) Developing, approving, or conducting routine maintenance under a vegetation management, facility inspection, and operation and maintenance plan submitted under section 512(c)(1) of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 ( 43 U.S.C. 1772(c)(1) ). (E) Removing trees to address overstocking or crowding in a forest stand, consistent with the appropriate basal area of the forest stand as determined by the responsible official. (F) Using chemical or re-seeding and planting treatments to address insects and disease and control vegetation competition or invasive species. (G) Any activities recommended by the state-specific fireshed assessment carried out under section 105. (H) Any activities recommended by an applicable community wildfire protection plan. (I) Any combination of activities described in this paragraph. (3) Emergency fireshed management (A) In general For any fireshed management area designated under section 101, the following shall have the force and effect of law: (i) Section 220.4(b) of title 36, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act), with respect to lands under the jurisdiction of the Secretary. (ii) Section 46.150 of title 43, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act), with respect to lands under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior. (iii) Section 402.05 of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act). (iv) Section 800.12 of title 36, Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act). (B) Utilization of existing streamlined authorities in fireshed management areas (i) In general Fireshed management projects carried out under this section shall be considered authorized projects under the following categorical exclusions: (I) Section 603(a) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 ( 16 U.S.C. 6591b(a) ). (II) Section 605(a) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 ( 16 U.S.C. 6591d(a) ). (III) Section 606(b) of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 ( 16 U.S.C. 6591e(b) ). (IV) Section 40806(b) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act ( 16 U.S.C. 6592b(b) ). (V) Section 4(c)(4) of the Lake Tahoe Restoration Act ( Public Law 106–506 ; 114 Stat. 2353). (VI) Subject to subsection (d) of section 40807 of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act ( 16 U.S.C. 6592c ) in the same manner as authorized emergency actions (as defined in subsection (a) of such section) are subject to such subsection. (ii) Use of expedited authorities In carrying out fireshed management project, the Secretary shall apply a categorical exclusion under clause (i)— (I) in a manner consistent with the statute establishing such categorical exclusion (II) in any area— (aa) designated as suitable for timber production within the applicable forest plan; or (bb) where timber harvest activities are not prohibited. (iii) Fiscal Responsibility Act requirements In carrying out this section, the Secretary concerned shall ensure compliance with the amendments made to the National Environmental Policy Act ( 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. ) by the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 ( Public Law 118–5 ). (iv) Use of other authorities To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary concerned shall use the authorities provided under this section in combination with other authorities to carry out fireshed management projects, including— (I) good neighbor agreements entered into under section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 16 U.S.C. 2113a ) (as amended by this Act); (II) stewardship contracting projects entered into under section 604 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 ( 16 U.S.C. 6591c ) (as amended by this Act); (III) self-determination contracts and self-governance compact agreements entered into under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act ( 25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq. ); and (IV) agreements entered into under the Tribal Forest Protection Act of 2004 ( 25 U.S.C. 3115a et seq. ). (b) Expansion (1) HFRA amendments The Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 is amended— (A) in section 603(c)(1) ( 16 U.S.C. 6591b(c)(1) ), by striking 3000 acres and inserting 10,000 acres ; (B) in section 605(c)(1) ( 16 U.S.C. 6591d(c)(1) ), by striking 3,000 acres and inserting 10,000 acres ; (C) in section 606(g) ( 16 U.S.C. 6591e(g) ), by striking 4,500 acres and inserting 10,000 acres ; and (D) in section 40806(d) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act ( 16 U.S.C. 6592b(d)(1) ), by striking 3,000 acres and inserting 10,000 acres ; and (2) Lake Tahoe Restoration Act amendments Section 4(c)(4)(C) of the Lake Tahoe Restoration Act ( Public Law 106–506 ; 114 Stat. 2353) is amended— (A) by striking Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit ; and (B) by inserting applicable to the area before the period at the end. 107. Sunset The authority under this subtitle shall terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of enactment of this Act. B Expanding Collaborative Tools To Reduce Wildfire Risk and Improve Forest Health 111. Modification of the treatment of certain revenue and payments under good neighbor agreements (a) Good neighbor authority Section 8206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 16 U.S.C. 2113a ) is amended— (1) in subsection (a)(6), by striking or Indian tribe ; and (2) in subsection (b)— (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by inserting , Indian tribe, after Governor ; (B) in paragraph (2)(C)— (i) by striking clause (i) and inserting the following: (i) In general Funds received from the sale of timber or forest product by a Governor, an Indian tribe, or a county under a good neighbor agreement shall be retained and used by the Governor, Indian tribe, or county, as applicable— (I) to carry out authorized restoration services under the good neighbor agreement; and (II) if there are funds remaining after carrying out subclause (I), to carry out authorized restoration services under other good neighbor agreements and for the administration of a good neighbor authority program by a Governor, Indian tribe, or county. ; and (ii) in clause (ii), by striking 2024 and inserting 2029 ; (C) in paragraph (3), by inserting , Indian tribe, after Governor ; and (D) by striking paragraph (4). (b) Conforming amendments Section 8206(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 16 U.S.C. 2113a(a) ) is amended— (1) in paragraph (1)(B), by inserting , Indian tribe, after Governor ; and (2) in paragraph (5), by inserting , Indian tribe, after Governor . (c) Effective date The amendments made by this section apply to any project initiated pursuant to a good neighbor agreement (as defined in section 8206(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 ( 16 U.S.C. 2113a(a) ))— (1) before the date of enactment of this Act, if the project was initiated after the date of enactment of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 ( Public Law 115–334 ; 132 Stat. 4490); or (2) on or after the date of enactment of this Act. 112. Fixing stewardship end result contracting Section 604 of the Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003 ( 16 U.S.C. 6591c ) is amended— (1) in subsection (b), by inserting , including retaining and expanding existing forest products infrastructure before the period at the end; (2) in subsection (d)(3)(B), by striking 10 years and inserting 20 years ; and (3) in subsection (h), by adding at the end the following: (4) Special rule for long-term stewardship contracts (A) In general A long-term agreement or contract entered into with an entity under subsection (b) by the Chief or the Director shall provide that in the case of the cancellation or termination by the Chief or the Director of such long-term agreement or contract, the Chief or the Director, as applicable, shall provide 10 percent of the agreement or contract amount to such entity as cancellation or termination costs. (B) Definition of long-term agreement or contract In this paragraph, the term long-term agreement or contract means an agreement or contract under subsection (b)— (i) with a term of more than 5 years; and (ii) entered into on or after the date of the enactment of this paragraph. . 113. Intra-agency strike teams (a) Establishment The Secretary concerned shall establish intra-agency strike teams to assist the Secretary concerned with— (1) any reviews, including analysis under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ( 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. ), consultations under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 ( 16 U.S.C. 470 et seq. ), and consultations under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq. ), with the intent to accelerate and streamline interagency consultation processes; (2) the implementation of any necessary site preparation work in advance of or as part of a fireshed management project; (3) the implementation of fireshed management projects under such section; and (4) any combination of purposes under paragraphs (1) through (3). (b) Members The Secretary concerned may appoint not more than 10 individuals to serve on an intra-agency strike team comprised of— (1) employees of the Department under the jurisdiction of the Secretary concerned; (2) employees of a different Federal agency, with the consent of that agency’s Secretary; (3) private contractors from any nonprofit organization, State government, Indian Tribe, local government, quasi-governmental agency, academic institution, or private organization; and (4) volunteers from any nonprofit organization, State government, Indian Tribe, local government, quasi-governmental agency, academic institution, or private organization. (c) Sunset The authority provided under this section shall terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of enactment of this Act. 114. Locally-led restoration (a) Threshold adjustment Section 14(d) of the National Forest Management Act of 1976 ( 16 U.S.C. 472a(d) ) is amended by— (1) striking $10,000 and inserting $55,000 ; and (2) by adding at the end the following: Beginning on January 1, 2025, and annually thereafter, the amount in the first sentence of this subsection shall be adjusted by the Secretary for changes in the Consumer Price Index of All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor. . (b) Fireshed management projects Beginning on the date that is 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall solicit bids under section 14 of the National Forest Management Act of 1976 ( 16 U.S.C. 472a(d) ) for fireshed management projects under section 106. C Litigation Reform 121. Commonsense litigation reform (a) In general A court shall not enjoin a fireshed management project if the court determines that the plaintiff is unable to demonstrate that the claim of the plaintiff is likely to succeed on the merits. (b) Balancing short- and long-Term effects of fireshed management activities in considering injunctive relief As part of its weighing the equities while considering any request for an injunction that applies to any agency action as part of a fireshed management project, the court reviewing the agency action shall balance the impact to the ecosystem likely affected by the fireshed management project of— (1) the short- and long-term effects of undertaking the agency action; against (2) the short- and long-term effects of not undertaking the action. (c) Limitations for injunctive relief and remand (1) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a court shall not vacate or otherwise limit, delay, stay, or enjoin a fireshed management project unless the court determines that— (A) the fireshed management project will pose a risk of a proximate and substantial environmental harm; and (B) there is no other equitable remedy available as a matter of law. (2) Remand (A) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a court determines that a fireshed management project will not pose a risk of a proximate and substantial environmental harm— (i) the court may remand the fireshed management project to the applicable agency with instruction to correct (including specific directions) the errors or deficiencies within 180 days; and (ii) an activity under the fireshed management project may be carried out so long as such activity does not affect the errors or deficiencies described in clause (i). (B) Review Unless the court finds that the applicable agency entirely failed to prepare a required environmental assessment or environmental impact statement, on remand— (i) the court shall not require such agency to prepare a new environmental assessment or environmental impact statement; and (ii) such agency may use another format, including a memorandum or errata sheet, to document any new analysis required. (d) Limitations on claims Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a claim arising under Federal law seeking judicial review of a fireshed management project shall be barred unless— (1) with respect to an agency document noticed in the Federal Register, such claim is filed not later than 120 days after the date of publication of a notice in the Federal Register of agency intent to carry out the fireshed management project, unless a shorter period is specified in such Federal law; (2) in the case of an agency document not described in paragraph (1), such claim is filed not later than 120 days after the date that is the earlier of— (A) the date on which such agency document is published; and (B) the date on which such agency document is noticed; and (3) in the case of an authorization or action for which there was a public comment period, such claim— (A) is filed by a party that— (i) participated in the administrative proceedings regarding such fireshed management project; and (ii) submitted a comment during such public comment period and such comment was sufficiently detailed to put the applicable agency on notice of the issue upon which the party seeks judicial review; and (B) is related to such comment. (e) Definitions In this section: (1) Agency document The term agency document means, with respect to a fireshed management project, a record of decision, categorical exclusion, environmental document, or programmatic environmental document. (2) NEPA terms The terms categorical exclusion , environmental document , and programmatic environmental document have the meanings given such terms, respectively, in section 111 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ( 42 U.S.C. 4336e ). 122. Consultation on forest plans (a) Forest Service plans Section 6(d)(2) of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 ( 16 U.S.C. 1604(d)(2) ) is amended to read as follows: (2) No additional consultation required under certain circumstances Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall not be required to reinitiate consultation under section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( 16 U.S.C. 1536(a)(2) ) or section 402.16 of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation), on a land management plan approved, amended, or revised under this section when— (A) a new species is listed or critical habitat is designated under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq. ); or (B) new information reveals effects of the land management plan that may affect a species listed or critical habitat designated under that Act in a manner or to an extent not previously considered. . (b) Bureau of Land Management plans Section 202 of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 ( 43 U.S.C. 1712 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (g) No additional consultation required under certain circumstances Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall not be required to reinitiate consultation under section 7(a)(2) of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( 16 U.S.C. 1536(a)(2) ) or section 402.16 of title 50, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation), on a land use plan approved, amended, or revised under this section when— (1) a new species is listed or critical habitat is designated under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq. ); or (2) new information reveals effects of the land use plan that may affect a species listed or critical habitat designated under that Act in a manner or to an extent not previously considered. . II Protecting Communities in the Wildland-Urban Interface 201. Community wildfire risk reduction program (a) Establishment Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretaries shall jointly establish an interagency program to be known as the Community Wildfire Risk Reduction Program that shall consist of at least one representative from each of the following: (1) The Office of Wildland Fire of the Department of the Interior. (2) The National Park Service. (3) The Bureau of Land Management. (4) The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (5) The Bureau of Indian Affairs. (6) The Forest Service. (7) The Federal Emergency Management Agency. (8) The U.S. Fire Administration. (9) The National Institute of Standards and Technology. (b) Purpose The purpose of the program established under subsection (a) is to support interagency coordination in reducing the risk of, and the damages resulting from, wildfires in communities (including tribal communities) in the wildland-urban interface through— (1) advancing research and science in wildfire resilience and land management; (2) supporting adoption by Indian Tribes and local governmental entities of fire-resistant building methods, codes, and standards; (3) supporting efforts by Indian Tribes or local governmental entities to address the effects of wildland fire on such communities, including property damages, air quality, and water quality; (4) encouraging public-private partnerships to conduct hazardous fuels management activities in the wildland-urban interface; (5) providing technical and financial assistance to communities through streamlined and unified mechanisms, including the portal and grant application established under subsection (c). (c) Portal and uniform grant application (1) In general As part of the program established under subsection (a), the Secretaries and the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall establish a portal through which a person may submit a single, uniform application for any of the following: (A) A community wildfire defense grant under section 40803(f) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act ( 16 U.S.C. 6592(f) ). (B) An emergency management performance grant under section 662 of the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 ( 6 U.S.C. 761 ). (C) A grant under section 33 of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 ( 15 U.S.C. 2229 ). (D) A grant under section 34 of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 ( 15 U.S.C. 2229a ). (E) Financial or technical assistance or a grant under sections 203, 205, 404, 406, or 420 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( 42 U.S.C. 5133 , 5135, 5170c, 5172, 5187). (2) Simplification of application In establishing the portal and application under paragraph (1), the Secretaries and the Administrator shall seek to reduce the complexity and length of the application process for the grants described in paragraph (1). (3) Technical assistance The Secretaries shall provide technical assistance to communities or persons seeking to apply for financial assistance through the portal using the application established under paragraph (1). (d) Sunset The program established under this section shall terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of enactment of this Act. 202. Community wildfire defense research program (a) In general The Secretaries shall, acting jointly, expand the Joint Fire Science Program to include performance-driven research and development program known as the Community Wildfire Defense Research Program for the purpose of testing and advancing innovative designs to create or improve the wildfire-resistance of structures and communities. (b) Program priorities In carrying out the program established under subsection (a), the Secretaries shall evaluate opportunities to create wildfire-resistant structures and communities through— (1) different affordable building materials, including mass timber; (2) home hardening, including policies to incentivize and incorporate defensible space; (3) subdivision design and other land use planning and design; (4) landscape architecture; and (5) other wildfire-resistant designs, as determined by the Secretary. (c) Community wildfire defense innovation prize (1) In general In carrying out the program established under subsection (a), the Secretaries shall carry out a competition through which a person may submit to the Secretaries innovative designs for the creation or improvement of an ignition-resistant structure or fire-adapted communities. (2) Prize Subject to the availability of appropriations made in advance for such purpose, the Secretaries may award a prize under the competition described in paragraph (1), based on criteria established by the Secretaries and in accordance with paragraph (3). (3) Scale In awarding a prize under paragraph (2), the Secretaries shall prioritize for an award designs with the most potential to scale to existing infrastructure. (d) Sunset The program established under subsection (a) shall terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of enactment of this Act. 203. Vegetation management, facility inspection, and operation and maintenance relating to electric transmission and distribution facility rights-of-way (a) Hazard trees within 150 feet of electric power line Section 512(a)(1)(B)(ii) of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 ( 43 U.S.C. 1772(a)(1)(B)(ii) ) is amended by striking 10 and inserting 150 . (b) Consultation with private landowners Section 512(c)(3)(E) of such Act ( 43 U.S.C. 1772(c)(3)(E) ) is amended— (1) in clause (i), by striking and at the end; (2) in clause (ii), by striking the period and inserting ; and ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (iii) consulting with a private landowner with respect to any hazard trees identified for removal from land owned by the private landowner. . (c) Review and approval process Section 512(c)(4)(A)(iv) of such Act ( 43 U.S.C. 1772(c)(4)(A) ) is amended to read as follows: (iv) ensures that— (I) a plan submitted without a modification under clause (iii) shall be automatically approved 120 days after review; and (II) with respect to a plan submitted with a modification under clause (iii), if not approved within 120 days after being submitted, the Secretary concerned shall develop and submit a letter to the owner and operator describing— (aa) a detailed timeline (to conclude within 165 days after the submission of the plan) for completing review of the plan; (bb) any identified deficiencies with the plan and specific opportunities for the owner and operator to address such deficiencies; and (cc) any other relevant information, as determined by the Secretary concerned. . 204. Categorical exclusion for electric utility lines rights-of-way (a) Categorical exclusion established Forest management activities described in subsection (b) are a category of activities hereby designated as being categorically excluded from the preparation of an environmental assessment or an environmental impact statement under section 102 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ( 42 U.S.C. 4332 ). (b) Forest management activities designated for categorical exclusion The forest management activities designated under subsection (a) for a categorical exclusion are— (1) the development and approval of a vegetation management, facility inspection, and operation and maintenance plan submitted under section 512(c)(1) of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 ( 43 U.S.C. 1772(c)(1) ) by the Secretary concerned; and (2) the implementation of routine activities conducted under the plan referred to in paragraph (1). (c) Availability of categorical exclusion On and after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary concerned may use the categorical exclusion established under subsection (a) in accordance with this section. (d) Exclusion of certain areas from categorical exclusion The categorical exclusion established under subsection (a) shall not apply to any forest management activity conducted— (1) in a component of the National Wilderness Preservation System; or (2) on National Forest System lands on which the removal of vegetation is restricted or prohibited by an Act of Congress. (e) Permanent roads (1) Prohibition on establishment A forest management activity designated under subsection (b) shall not include the establishment of a permanent road. (2) Existing roads The Secretary concerned may carry out necessary maintenance and repair on an existing permanent road for the purposes of conducting a forest management activity designated under subsection (b). (3) Temporary roads The Secretary concerned shall decommission any temporary road constructed for carrying out a forest management activity designated under subsection (b) not later than the date that is 3 years after the date on which the forest management activity is completed. (f) Applicable laws Clauses (iii) and (iv) of section 106(a)(3) shall apply to forest management activities designated under subsection (b). 205. Seeds of success (a) Strategy established Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretaries and the Secretary of Defense shall jointly develop and implement a strategy, to be known as the Seeds of Success strategy , to enhance the domestic supply chain of seeds. (b) Elements The strategy required under subsection (a) shall include a plan for each of the following: (1) Facilitating sustained interagency coordination in, and a comprehensive approach to, native plant materials development and restoration. (2) Promoting the re-seeding of native or fire-resistant grasses post-wildfire, particularly in the wildland-urban interface. (3) Creating and consolidating information on native or fire-resistant grasses and sharing such information with State, local governments, and Indian Tribes. (4) Building regional programs and partnerships to promote the development of materials made from plants native to the United States and restores such plants to the native habitat of each such plant within the United States, giving priority to the building of such programs and partnerships in regions of the Bureau of Land Management where such partnerships and programs do not already exist as of the date of enactment of this Act. (5) Expanding seed storage and seed-cleaning infrastructure. (6) Expanding the Warehouse System of the Bureau of Land Management, particularly the cold storage capacity of the Warehouse System. (7) Shortening the timeline for the approval of permits to collect seeds on public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management. (c) Report The Secretaries and the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the relevant Congressional Committees the strategy developed under paragraph (1). III Transparency and Technology 301. Biochar innovations and opportunities for conservation, health, and advancements in research (a) Demonstration projects (1) Establishment (A) In general Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the covered Secretaries shall establish a program to enter into partnerships with eligible entities to carry out demonstration projects to support the development and commercialization of biochar in accordance with this subsection. (B) Location of demonstration projects In carrying out the program established under subparagraph (A), the covered Secretaries shall, to the maximum extent practicable, enter into partnerships with eligible entities such that not fewer than one demonstration project is carried out in each region of the Forest Service and each region of the Bureau of Land Management. (2) Proposals To be eligible to enter into a partnership to carry out a biochar demonstration project under paragraph (1)(A), an eligible entity shall submit to the covered Secretaries a proposal at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the covered Secretaries may require. (3) Priority In selecting proposals under paragraph (2), the covered Secretaries shall give priority to entering into partnerships with eligible entities that submit proposals to carry out biochar demonstration projects that— (A) have the most carbon sequestration potential; (B) have the most potential to create new jobs and contribute to local economies, particularly in rural areas; (C) have the most potential to demonstrate— (i) new and innovative uses of biochar; (ii) market viability for cost effective biochar-based products; (iii) the ecosystem services created or supported by the use of biochar; (iv) the restorative benefits of biochar with respect to forest heath and resiliency, including forest soils and watersheds; or (v) any combination of purposes specified in clauses (i) through (iv); and (D) are located in areas that have a high need for biochar production, as determined by the covered Secretaries, due to— (i) nearby lands identified as having high or very high or extreme risk of wildfire; (ii) availability of sufficient quantities of feedstocks; (iii) a high level of demand for biochar or other commercial byproducts of biochar; or (iv) any combination of purposes specified in subparagraphs (A) through (D). (4) Use of funds In carrying out the program established under paragraph (1)(A), the covered Secretaries may enter into partnerships and provide funding to such partnerships to carry out demonstration projects to— (A) acquire and test various feedstocks and their efficacy; (B) develop and optimize commercially and technologically viable biochar production units, including mobile and permanent units; (C) demonstrate— (i) the production of biochar from forest residue; and (ii) the use of biochar to restore forest health and resiliency; (D) build, expand, or establish biochar facilities; (E) conduct research on new and innovative uses of biochar; (F) demonstrate cost-effective market opportunities for biochar and biochar-based products; (G) carry out any other activities the covered Secretaries determine appropriate; or (H) any combination of the purposes specified in subparagraphs (A) through (F). (5) Feedstock requirements To the maximum extent practicable, an eligible entity that carries out a biochar demonstration project under this subsection shall, with respect to the feedstock used under such project, derive at least 50 percent of such feedstock from forest thinning and management activities, including mill residues, conducted on National Forest System lands or public lands. (6) Review of biochar demonstration (A) In general The covered Secretaries shall conduct regionally-specific research, including economic analyses and life-cycle assessments, on any biochar produced from a demonstration project carried out under the program established in paragraph (1)(A), including— (i) the effects of such biochar on— (I) forest health and resiliency; (II) carbon capture and sequestration, including increasing soil carbon in the short-term and long-term; (III) productivity, reduced input costs, and water retention in agricultural practices; (IV) the health of soil and grasslands used for grazing activities, including grazing activities on National Forest System land and public land; (V) environmental remediation activities, including abandoned mine land remediation; and (VI) other ecosystem services created or supported by the use of biochar; (ii) the effectiveness of biochar as a co-product of biofuels or in biochemicals; and (iii) the effectiveness of other potential uses of biochar to determine if any such use is technologically and commercially viable. (B) Coordination The covered Secretaries shall, to the maximum extent practicable, provide data, analyses, and other relevant information collected under subparagraph (A) with recipients of a grant under subsection (b). (7) Limitation on funding for establishing biochar facilities If the covered Secretaries provide to an eligible entity that enters into a partnership with the covered Secretaries under paragraph (1)(A) funding for establishing a biochar facility, such funding may not exceed 35 percent of the total capital cost of establishing such biochar facility. (b) Biochar research and development grant program (1) Establishment The Secretary of the Interior shall establish or expand an existing applied biochar research and development grant program to make competitive grants to eligible institutions to carry out the activities described in paragraph (3). (2) Applications To be eligible to receive a grant under this subsection, an eligible institution shall submit to the Secretary a proposal at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require. (3) Use of funds An eligible institution that receives a grant under this subsection shall use the grant funds to conduct applied research on— (A) the effect of biochar on forest health and resiliency, accounting for variations in biochar, soil, climate, and other factors; (B) the effect of biochar on soil health and water retention, accounting for variations in biochar, soil, climate, and other factors; (C) the long-term carbon sequestration potential of biochar; (D) the best management practices with respect to biochar and biochar based-products that maximize— (i) carbon sequestration benefits; and (ii) the commercial viability and application of such products in forestry, agriculture, environmental remediation, water quality improvement, and any other similar uses, as determined by the Secretary; (E) the regional uses of biochar to increase productivity and profitability, including— (i) uses in agriculture and environmental remediation; and (ii) use as a co-product in fuel production; (F) new and innovative uses for biochar byproducts; and (G) opportunities to expand markets for biochar and create related jobs, particularly in rural areas. (c) Reports (1) Report to congress Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the covered Secretaries shall submit to Congress a report that— (A) includes policy and program recommendations to improve the widespread use of biochar; (B) identifies any area of research needed to advance biochar commercialization; and (C) identifies barriers to further biochar commercialization, including permitting and siting considerations. (2) Materials submitted in support of the President’s budget Beginning with the second fiscal year that begins after the date of enactment of this Act and annually thereafter until the date described in subsection (d), the covered Secretaries shall include in the materials submitted to Congress in support of the President’s budget pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, a report describing, for the fiscal year covered by the report, the status of each demonstration project carried out under subsection (a) and each research and development grant carried out under subsection (b). (d) Sunset The authority to carry out this section shall terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of enactment of this Act. (e) Definitions In this section: (1) Biochar The term biochar means carbonized biomass produced by converting feedstock through reductive thermal processing for non-fuel uses. (2) Eligible entity The term eligible entity means— (A) a State, local, or Tribal government; (B) an eligible institution; or (C) a private, non-private, or cooperative entity. (3) Eligible institution The term eligible institution means land-grant colleges and universities, including institutions eligible for funding under the— (A) Act of July 2, 1862 (12 Stat. 503, chapter 130; 7 U.S.C. 301 et seq. ); (B) Act of August 30, 1890 (26 Stat. 417, chapter 841; 7 U.S.C. 321 et seq. ), including Tuskegee University; (C) Public Law 87–788 (commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962 ); or (D) Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 ( 7 U.S.C. 301 note; Public Law 103–382 ). (4) Feedstock The term feedstock means excess biomass in the form of plant matter or materials that serves as the raw material for the production of biochar. (5) Covered Secretaries The term covered Secretaries means— (A) the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through the Chief of the Forest Service; (B) the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the Bureau of Land Management; and (C) the Secretary of Energy, acting through the Director of the Office of Science. 302. Accurate hazardous fuels reduction reports (a) Inclusion of hazardous fuels reduction report in materials submitted in support of the President’s budget (1) In general Beginning with the first fiscal year that begins after the date of enactment of this Act, and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary concerned shall include in the materials submitted to Congress in support of the President’s budget pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, a report on the number of acres of Federal land on which the Secretary concerned carried out hazardous fuels reduction activities during the preceding fiscal year. (2) Requirements For purposes of the report required under paragraph (1), the Secretary concerned shall— (A) in determining the number of acres of Federal land on which the Secretary concerned carried out hazardous fuels reduction activities during the period covered by the report— (i) record acres of Federal land on which hazardous fuels reduction activities were completed during such period; and (ii) record each acre described in clause (i) once in the report, regardless of whether multiple hazardous fuels reduction activities were carried out on such acre during such period; and (B) with respect to the acres of Federal land recorded in the report, include information on— (i) which such acres are located in the wildland-urban interface; (ii) the level of wildfire risk (high, moderate, or low) on the first and last day of the period covered by the report; (iii) the types of hazardous fuels activities completed for such acres, delineating between whether such activities were conducted— (I) in a wildfire managed for resource benefits; or (II) through a planned project; (iv) the cost per acre of hazardous fuels activities carried out during the period covered by the report; (v) the region or system unit in which the acres are located; and (vi) the effectiveness of the hazardous fuels reduction activities on reducing the risk of wildfire. (3) Transparency The Secretary concerned shall make each report submitted under paragraph (1) publicly available on the websites of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of the Interior, as applicable. (b) Accurate data collection (1) In general Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary concerned shall implement standardized procedures for tracking data related to hazardous fuels reduction activities carried out by the Secretary concerned. (2) Elements The standardized procedures required under paragraph (1) shall include— (A) regular, standardized data reviews of the accuracy and timely input of data used to track hazardous fuels reduction activities; (B) verification methods that validate whether such data accurately correlates to the hazardous fuels reduction activities carried out by the Secretary concerned; (C) an analysis of the short- and long-term effectiveness of the hazardous fuels reduction activities on reducing the risk of wildfire; and (D) for hazardous fuels reduction activities that occur partially within the wildland-urban interface, methods to distinguish which acres are located within the wildland-urban interface and which acres are located outside the wildland-urban interface. (3) Report Not later than 2 weeks after implementing the standardized procedures required under paragraph (1), the Secretary concerned shall submit to Congress a report that describes— (A) such standardized procedures; and (B) program and policy recommendations to Congress to address any limitations in tracking data related to hazardous fuels reduction activities under this subsection. (c) GAO study Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall— (1) conduct a study on the implementation of this section, including any limitations with respect to— (A) reporting hazardous fuels reduction activities under subsection (a); or (B) tracking data related to hazardous fuels reduction activities under subsection (b); and (2) submit to Congress a report that describes the results of the study under paragraph (1). (d) Definitions In this section: (1) Hazardous fuels reduction activity The term hazardous fuels reduction activity — (A) means any vegetation management activity to reduce the risk of wildfire, including mechanical treatments and prescribed burning; and (B) does not include the awarding of contracts to conduct hazardous fuels reduction activities. (2) Federal lands The term Federal lands means lands under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of Agriculture. (e) No additional funds authorized No additional funds are authorized to carry out the requirements of this section, and the activities authorized by this section are subject to the availability of appropriations made in advance for such purposes. 303. Public-private wildfire technology deployment and testbed partnership (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Covered agency The term covered agency means— (A) each Federal land management agency (as such term is defined in the Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act ( 16 U.S.C. 6801 )); (B) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; (C) the U.S. Fire Administration; (D) the Federal Emergency Management Agency; (E) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; (F) the Bureau of Indian Affairs; (G) the Department of Defense; and (H) any other Federal agency involved in wildfire response. (2) Covered entity The term covered entity means— (A) a private entity; (B) a nonprofit organization; or (C) an institution of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ( 20 U.S.C. 1001 )). (b) In general Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretaries, in coordination with the heads of the covered agencies, shall establish a deployment and testbed pilot program (in this section referred to as Pilot Program ) for new and innovative wildfire prevention, detection, communication, and mitigation technologies. (c) Functions In carrying out the Pilot Program, the Secretaries shall— (1) incorporate the Pilot Program into existing interagency coordinating groups on wildfires; (2) in consultation with the heads of covered agencies, identify and advance key technology priority areas with respect to wildfire prevention, detection, communication, and mitigation technologies, including— (A) hazardous fuels reduction treatments or activities; (B) dispatch communications; (C) remote sensing, detection, and tracking; (D) safety equipment; and (E) common operating pictures or operational dashboards; and (3) connect each covered entity selected to participate in the Pilot Program with the appropriate covered agency to coordinate real-time and on-the-ground testing of technology during wildland fire mitigation activities and training. (d) Applications To be eligible to be selected to participate in the Pilot Program, a covered entity shall submit to the Secretaries an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretaries may require, including a proposal to test technologies specific to the key technology priority areas identified pursuant to subsection (c)(2). (e) Prioritization of emerging technologies In selecting covered entities to participate in the Pilot Program, the Secretaries shall give priority to covered entities developing and applying emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, quantum sensing, computing and quantum-hybrid applications, augmented reality, and 5G private networks and device-to-device communications supporting nomadic mesh networks, for wildfire mitigation. (f) Outreach The Secretaries, in coordination with the heads of covered agencies, shall make public the key technology priority areas identified pursuant to subsection (c)(2) and invite covered entities to apply under subsection (d) to test and demonstrate their technologies to address such priority areas. (g) Reports and recommendations Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the duration of the Pilot Program, the Secretaries shall submit to the relevant Congressional Committees, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report that includes, with respect to the Pilot Program, the following: (1) A list of participating covered entities. (2) A brief description of the technologies tested by each such covered entity. (3) An estimate of the cost of acquiring each such technology and applying the technology at scale. (4) Outreach efforts by Federal agencies to covered entities developing wildfire technologies. (5) Assessments of, and recommendations relating to, new technologies with potential adoption and application at-scale in Federal land management agencies’ wildfire prevention, detection, communication, and mitigation efforts. (h) Sunset The authority to carry out this section shall terminate on the date that is 7 years after the date of enactment of this Act. 304. GAO study on Forest Service policies Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall— (1) conduct a study evaluating— (A) the effectiveness of Forest Service wildland firefighting operations; (B) transparency and accountability measures in the Forest Service’s budget and accounting process; and (C) the suitability and feasibility of establishing a new Federal agency with the responsibility of responding and suppressing wildland fires on Federal lands; and (2) submit to Congress a report that describes the results of the study required under paragraph (1). 305. Forest Service Western headquarters study Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Chief of the Forest Service shall— (1) conduct a study evaluating— (A) potential locations for a Western headquarters for the Forest Service, including potential locations in at least 3 different States located west of the Mississippi river; and (B) the potential benefits of creating a Western headquarters for the Forest Service, including expected— (i) improvements to customer service; (ii) improvements to employee recruitment and retention; and (iii) operational efficiencies and cost savings; and (2) submit to Congress a report that describes the results of the study required under paragraph (1).