II 118th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 5613 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES December 19 (legislative day, December 16), 2024 Mr. Van Hollen (for himself and Mr. Luján ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions A BILL To improve the quality, appropriateness, and effectiveness of diagnosis in health care, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Improving Diagnosis in Medicine Act of 2022 . 2. Research program to improve diagnostic safety and quality Part B of title IX of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 299b et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: 918. Research program to improve diagnostic safety and quality (a) In general The Director shall establish a comprehensive program of research and quality improvement to— (1) assess and understand diagnostic errors, including diagnostic delays, and how to eliminate common failures in the diagnostic process that lead to significant patient harm; and (2) identify, develop, implement, and disseminate evidence-based strategies and best practices for improving diagnostic quality, safety, and health care value. (b) Activities The program established under subsection (a) shall include the following: (1) Continuum of research A portfolio of conducted and supported activities that is consistent with the general, research, implementation, and dissemination activities of the Center for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, as described in section 933, including— (A) investigator-initiated research to assess diagnostic errors and identify improved methods to prevent errors and the harm they cause; (B) translation and synthesis of research findings and development of tools for implementing prevention strategies into practice; (C) implementation research to refine evidence-based tools for improving diagnostic processes and effectively integrate these solutions into practice; and (D) dissemination to promote implementation of effective methods, strategies and tools for wide-scale improvement. (2) Research centers of diagnostic excellence Consistent with section 911(b), such Centers shall link research directly with clinical practice in geographically diverse locations throughout the United States, and may include— (A) academic medical and institutional research centers that combine demonstrated multidisciplinary expertise in diagnostic outcomes or quality improvement research with linkages directly or through national, state or local stakeholder partner organizations to relevant sites of care; (B) provider-based research networks, including plan, facility, or delivery system sites of care (especially primary care), that can evaluate outcomes and evaluate and promote quality improvement approaches. (3) Financial assistance The Director may provide financial assistance to assist in meeting the costs of planning and establishing new centers, as well as operating existing and new centers, pursuant to section 902(c). (4) Stakeholder engagement The Director shall identify and enter into a supporting agreement (grant or contract) with a nonprofit entity that convenes a coalition of diverse health care stakeholders for the purpose of— (A) raising attention to diagnostic safety and quality concerns; (B) facilitating learning, adoption and spread of effective quality improvement interventions; and (C) catalyzing novel actions by individual member organizations to reduce harms from diagnostic error and improve patient outcomes. (c) Authorization of appropriations (1) In general To carry out this section, there is authorized to be appropriated $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2023, $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2024, $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2025, and $35,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 and 2027. (2) Reservation Of the amount appropriated under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year, $700,000 shall be allocated to carrying out the purpose described in subsection (b)(4). (3) Availability Amounts appropriated under this section shall remain available until expended. . 3. Fellowships and training grants (a) Ruth Kirschstein awards Section 487(a) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 288(a) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (5) For purposes of the program under this subsection, biomedical and behavioral research includes diagnostic safety and quality research. . (b) AHRQ programs Section 902(b)(1) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 299a(b)(1) ) is amended— (1) by inserting and diagnostic safety and quality after subsection (a) ; and (2) by striking under section 487(d)(3) and inserting for purposes of carrying out section 487 . 4. Quality measure development Section 931(c)(2) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 299b–31(c)(2) ) is amended— (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (J) as subparagraphs (C) through (K), respectively; and (2) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following: (B) diagnostic safety and quality; . 5. Data for research and improvement Section 937(f) of the Public Health Service Act ( 42 U.S.C. 299b–37(f) ) is amended— (1) by striking The Secretary and inserting the following: (1) In general The Secretary ; and (2) adding at the end the following: (2) Consultation with expert panel In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary, in coordination with the Director, the Director of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, and the National Library of Medicine, shall convene an expert panel to consider and make recommendations regarding the types, sources, and availability of data needed to accelerate diagnostic safety and quality research, training, and measure development as specified in section 918, including data related to racial, ethnic, and language attributes; gender, age, geography, and socioeconomic conditions; the specificity, interoperability, and socio-technical aspects of electronic vocabularies and ontologies related to presenting symptoms and diagnostic certainty; and the development and use of symptom-based clinical registries. Such panel shall consider enhanced data capabilities that are necessary to support both research and improvement of diagnostic safety and quality. . 6. Interagency Council on Improving Diagnosis in Health Care (a) Establishment The Secretary of Health and Human Services (in this section referred to as the Secretary ) shall establish within the Office of the Secretary an interagency council to be known as the Interagency Council on Improving Diagnosis in Health Care (referred to in this section as the Council ). (b) Objectives The objectives of the Council shall be the following: (1) Enhance the quality, appropriateness, and effectiveness of diagnosis in health care through— (A) the establishment and support of a broad base of scientific research; (B) the dissemination and implementation of the results of such research; and (C) the promotion of improvements in clinical and health system practices. (2) Identify and eliminate systemic barriers to supporting research in improving diagnosis in health care. (3) Identify knowledge gaps, research and data needs, and opportunities congruent with agency missions to strengthen the clinical and translational research pipeline to improve diagnostic safety and quality, including potential collaborative research initiatives among 2 or more agencies, offices, institutes, or centers within the Department of Health and Human Services or other Federal agencies or offices. (c) Membership (1) Chairperson The Director of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (or the Director’s designee) shall be the Chairperson of the Council. (2) Members (A) In general In addition to the Chairperson, the Council shall be comprised of the following: (i) At least 1 designee from each of the following, appointed by the head of the applicable department or agency: (I) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (II) The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (III) The Department of Veterans Affairs. (IV) The Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program of the Department of Defense. (V) The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. (ii) Designees from the National Institutes of Health, including a least 1 designee from each of the following: (I) The National Cancer Institute. (II) The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. (III) The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (IV) The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (V) The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (VI) The National Library of Medicine. (VII) The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities. (VIII) The National Institute of Nursing Research. (IX) The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (iii) Designees from such other national research institutes and national centers as may be appropriate, as determined by the Director of the National Institutes of Health. (B) Additional members In addition to the designees under subparagraph (A), the Council may include such other designees from Federal departments or agencies as the Chairperson of the Council deems appropriate. (C) Designation A person appointed to the Council as a designee shall be a senior official or employee of the department or agency whose responsibilities and subject matter expertise are relevant to the Council’s objectives listed in subsection (b), as determined by the designating official. (d) Strategic plan; reports (1) Strategic Federal Plan to Improve Diagnosis in Health Care Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Council shall develop, submit to the Secretary and Congress, and make publicly available a strategic plan, to be known as the Strategic Federal Plan to Improve Diagnosis, that, consistent with the objectives listed in subsection (b)— (A) identifies coordinated opportunities to enhance scientific research and reduce systemic barriers in order to improve diagnosis in health care; and (B) includes legislative and administrative policy recommendations, including opportunities to remove barriers to, and enhance, inter-agency coordination in the planning, conduct, and funding of, such research. (2) Reports to Congress Not later than July 31 of every odd-numbered year beginning with the first such year after the date of submission of the first Strategic Federal Plan to Improve Diagnosis under paragraph (1), the Council shall prepare, submit to the Secretary and Congress, and make publicly available an updated Strategic Federal Plan to Improve Diagnosis that includes— (A) such updates as the Council determines to be appropriate; (B) information on the overall progress of the Federal Government in reducing barriers to research on, and supporting projects to improve, diagnosis in health care; and (C) legislative and administrative policy recommendations, including addressing any needs for greater legislative authority to meet the objectives listed in subsection (b). (e) Authorization of appropriations To carry out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated $1,500,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. 7. National academies report (a) In general The Director of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality shall seek to enter into a contract with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine under which such National Academies conducts a study and issues a report on disparities in diagnostic safety and quality that— (1) identifies what is known about the burden and causes of such disparities, including racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, age, gender, geography, language proficiency, and intersectional interactions; and (2) includes recommendations on specific actions that policymakers, researchers, clinicians, and other stakeholders can take to eliminate such burdens. (b) Authorization of appropriations To carry out this section, there is authorized to be appropriated $1,500,000 for fiscal year 2023, to remain available until expended.