II 118th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 2547 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES July 26, 2023 Mr. Kaine (for himself and Mr. Warner ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation A BILL To amend the Natural Gas Act to bolster fairness and transparency in the consideration of interstate natural gas pipeline permits, to provide for greater public input opportunities in the natural gas pipeline permitting process, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Pipeline Fairness, Transparency, and Responsible Development Act of 2023 . 2. Notice to affected landowners (a) Initial notice Section 7(d) of the Natural Gas Act ( 15 U.S.C. 717f(d) ) is amended— (1) by striking the subsection designation and all that follows through Application for certificates and inserting the following: (d) Application for certificate of public convenience and necessity (1) In general Subject to paragraph (2), an application for a certificate ; and (2) by adding at the end the following: (2) Requirements (A) Application An application for a certificate of public convenience and necessity under paragraph (1) shall include— (i) the name and address of each interested party on whom the Commission or the applicant is required to serve notice of the application under that paragraph; and (ii) a copy of the notice proposed to be served on each interested party under that paragraph. (B) Notice (i) In general A notice served on an interested party under paragraph (1) shall include the following: (I) A description of the proceeding before the Commission relating to the application for a certificate of public convenience and necessity, which shall include the following statement: “‘If the applicant ([name of applicant]) wants to build the pipeline on property that you own, and the Commission issues the requested certificate of public convenience and necessity, then the applicant will have the right, subject to paying just compensation, to take your property for its project.’. (II) Complete instructions on how the interested party can move to intervene in the proceeding described in the notice, including instructions on how to intervene— (aa) electronically; and (bb) through a paper filing. (III) A clear statement of the contents required to be included in a motion to intervene in the proceeding described in the notice. (IV) The deadline for the interested party to move to intervene in the proceeding described in the notice. (V) A section, separated from the remaining text of the notice and clearly displayed in bold print, informing the interested party that— (aa) in order to preserve the right to seek judicial review of a decision by the Commission relating to the certificate of public convenience and necessity, the interested party must intervene in the proceeding described in the notice; and (bb) intervention in the proceeding described in the notice is the only way to preserve the right to judicial review described in item (aa). (ii) Review The Commission shall— (I) review each notice submitted to the Commission under subparagraph (A)(ii) to determine whether the notice meets the requirements described in clause (i); and (II) approve the notice only if the notice meets— (aa) those requirements; and (bb) any other requirements that the Commission determines to be necessary to provide adequate notice. (iii) Service (I) In general An applicant may not serve notice on an interested party under paragraph (1) unless the notice has been approved by the Commission under clause (ii). (II) Deadline A notice under paragraph (1) shall be served on an interested party not later than 90 days before the last day on which the interested party may intervene in the proceeding described in the notice. (C) Public availability of information relating to interested parties On request of any person, the Commission shall disclose the names and addresses submitted to the Commission under subparagraph (A)(i), subject to such reasonable terms and conditions as the Commission determines to be appropriate. . (b) Subsequent notice Section 7(e) of the Natural Gas Act ( 15 U.S.C. 717f(e) ) is amended— (1) by striking the subsection designation and all that follows through of this section, in the first sentence and inserting the following: (e) Issuance of certificate (1) In general Except in the cases governed by the provisos in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (c)(1), and subject to paragraphs (2) through (4), ; (2) in paragraph (1) (as so designated), by striking necessity; otherwise in the first sentence and all that follows through The Commission in the second sentence and inserting the following: “necessity. (2) Requirement The Commission shall deny any application for which the Commission has not made the findings described in paragraph (1). (3) Terms and conditions The Commission ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (4) Notice of issuance (A) In general On issuance of a certificate of public convenience and necessity by the Commission, the applicant requesting the certificate shall provide to each interested party on whom the applicant served notice of the application under subsection (d) a notice of the issuance of the certificate. (B) Requirements Each notice under subparagraph (A) shall include— (i) complete instructions on how the recipient of the notice may apply for a rehearing before the Commission; (ii) a clear statement of the contents required to be included in an application for a rehearing before the Commission; (iii) the deadline for the recipient to file that application; (iv) the time period for seeking judicial review of a decision of the Commission on an application for rehearing; (v) a statement in bold print informing the recipient that judicial review will not be available with respect to a decision of the Commission on any issue for which the recipient has not sought rehearing before the Commission; and (vi) a clear reference to— (I) subsections (a) and (b) of section 19; and (II) any rules issued under those subsections relating to the time or manner of seeking— (aa) a rehearing before the Commission; or (bb) judicial review of a decision of the Commission under this section, including any decision on a rehearing. (C) Effect of notice No court shall have jurisdiction over any action to exercise the right of eminent domain under subsection (h) with respect to any property covered by the applicable certificate of public convenience and necessity issued under this subsection unless the holder of the certificate has provided notice under this paragraph to each interested party described in subparagraph (A). . 3. Conditioned certificates Section 7(e) of the Natural Gas Act ( 15 U.S.C. 717f(e) ) (as amended by section 2(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following: (5) Restrictions (A) Eminent domain (i) Commencement of action A holder of a certificate of public convenience and necessity may not commence an action under subsection (h) until the earlier of— (I) the earliest date on which all timely applications for rehearing under section 19(a) have received a ruling on the merits by the Commission under that section; and (II) the date that is 90 days after the latest date on which a timely application for rehearing under section 19(a) has been deemed denied under paragraph (3)(B)(i) of that section. (ii) Jurisdiction over eminent domain actions No court shall have jurisdiction over any action to exercise the right of eminent domain under subsection (h) with respect to any property covered by the applicable certificate of public convenience and necessity if the holder of that certificate has not received all certifications, authorizations, approvals, permits, or other permissions required under Federal law— (I) to begin construction; and (II) to complete the entire project for which the certificate was issued. (B) Construction (i) In general Except as provided in clause (ii), the holder of a certificate of public convenience and necessity may not begin construction, preconstruction, or land-disturbing activities under that certificate until the later of— (I) the earliest date on which the holder has received all required certifications, authorizations, approvals, permits, or other permissions described in subparagraph (A)(ii); and (II) the earliest date on which all timely applications for rehearing under section 19(a) have either— (aa) received a ruling on the merits by the Commission under that section; or (bb) been deemed denied under paragraph (3)(B)(i) of that section. (ii) Exception Clause (i) shall not apply to activities described in that clause that are carried out— (I) on land that is owned by the holder of the certificate of public convenience and necessity; or (II) in an existing utility right-of-way. . 4. Eminent domain (a) Statement of policy With respect to the construction and operation of natural gas pipelines, it is the policy of the United States to protect the rights of citizens of the United States to their private property, including by limiting the taking of private property by the Federal Government and the use of eminent domain authority granted under any Federal statute to situations in which the taking is for public use, with just compensation, and required by the public convenience and necessity, and not merely to advance the economic interests of private parties that would be given ownership or use of the property taken. (b) Just compensation Section 7(h) of the Natural Gas Act ( 15 U.S.C. 717f(h) ) is amended— (1) by striking the subsection designation and all that follows through When any holder in the first sentence and inserting the following: (h) Eminent domain (1) In general When any holder ; (2) in paragraph (1) (as so designated), in the second sentence— (A) by striking The practice and inserting the following: (2) Practice and procedure (A) In general Subject to subparagraph (B), the practice ; (3) in paragraph (2)(A) (as so designated), by striking situated: Provided, That the and inserting the following “situated. (B) Limitation The ; and (4) by adding at the end the following: (3) Just compensation (A) Definition of lost conservation value In this paragraph, the term lost conservation value means— (i) the value of any use of land for conservation purposes (as defined in section 1.170A–14(d) of title 26, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation)) that is interrupted or prevented by the exercise of the right of eminent domain under paragraph (1); (ii) any decrease in the value of land due to the interruption or prevention of a use described in clause (i); and (iii) any lost benefit or decrease in the value of a benefit due to the interruption or prevention of a use described in clause (i). (B) Land subject to a conservation easement In determining the just compensation for property acquired by the exercise of the right of eminent domain under paragraph (1), in the case of land subject to a conservation easement, the court with jurisdiction over the proceeding shall consider the lost conservation value of that land. . 5. Appraisals, offers of compensation, and possession Section 7(h) of the Natural Gas Act ( 15 U.S.C. 717f(h) ) (as amended by section 4(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following: (4) Appraisals and offers of compensation (A) Appraisals (i) In general The holder of a certificate of public convenience and necessity shall have the property covered by the certificate independently appraised in accordance with generally accepted appraisal standards. (ii) Requirement The owner of the applicable property (or a designated representative of the owner) shall be given the opportunity to accompany the appraiser during any inspection of the property that is part of an appraisal under clause (i). (iii) Timing An appraisal under clause (i) shall be carried out before the holder of the certificate of public convenience and necessity makes an offer of compensation to the owner of the applicable property. (B) Offers of compensation Any offer of compensation made to an owner of property that is covered by a certificate of public convenience and necessity— (i) shall be made in writing; (ii) may not be for an amount less than the fair market value of the property, as determined by an appraisal carried out under subparagraph (A); and (iii) shall include damages to any property of the owner that is adjacent to the property covered by the certificate. (5) Jurisdiction over eminent domain actions No court shall have jurisdiction over any action to exercise the right of eminent domain under this subsection unless— (A) an appraisal has been carried out in accordance with subparagraph (A) of paragraph (4); and (B) the holder of the certificate of public convenience and necessity has made an offer of compensation to the owner of the applicable property in accordance with subparagraph (B) of that paragraph. (6) Right of possession An owner of property covered by a certificate of public convenience and necessity shall not be required to surrender possession of the property unless the holder of the certificate— (A) has paid to the owner the agreed purchase price; or (B) has deposited with the applicable court the amount of the award of compensation in the condemnation proceeding for the property. . 6. Process coordination for environmental review Section 15 of the Natural Gas Act ( 15 U.S.C. 717n ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (g) Environmental review for interstate natural gas pipelines (1) Definitions In this subsection: (A) Federal authorization (i) In general The term Federal authorization means any authorization required under Federal law with respect to an application for a certificate of public convenience and necessity under section 7. (ii) Inclusions The term Federal authorization includes any permits, special use authorizations, certifications, opinions, or other approvals as may be required under Federal law with respect to an application for a certificate of public convenience and necessity under section 7. (B) Project The term project means a project for the construction or extension of facilities for the transportation in interstate commerce of natural gas that requires Federal authorization. (2) Cumulative impacts analysis In considering an application for Federal authorization for a project in a State, if, during the 1-year period beginning on the date on which the application is filed, an application for Federal authorization for a separate project is filed, and that project is located in the same State and within 100 miles of the first project, the Commission shall consider both projects to be 1 project for purposes of complying with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ( 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. ). (3) Supplemental environmental impact statements (A) In general If the Commission determines that comments submitted in response to a draft environmental impact statement prepared with respect to an application for Federal authorization raise issues that exceed the initial scope of the draft environmental impact statement, a supplemental environmental impact statement shall be prepared for the project. (B) Mitigation plans If a draft environmental impact statement prepared with respect to an application for Federal authorization does not include information about mitigation plans for adverse impacts that cannot reasonably be avoided, a supplemental environmental impact statement shall be prepared that includes that information. (4) Public meeting requirements (A) In general In complying with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ( 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq. ) with respect to an application for Federal authorization, the Commission shall ensure that public meetings shall be held— (i) in each county or equivalent subdivision in which the project will be located; and (ii) during each period of public comment preceding, if applicable, publication of— (I) a draft environmental impact statement; (II) a final environmental impact statement; and (III) any supplemental environmental impact statement. (B) Notice The Commission shall ensure that notice of each meeting held under subparagraph (A)— (i) is provided to the public and each interested party not later than 30 days before the date of the meeting; and (ii) includes the information described in section 7(d)(2)(B)(i). . 7. Impacts on critical natural resources Subsection (g) of section 15 of the Natural Gas Act ( 15 U.S.C. 717n ) (as added by section 6) is amended by adding at the end the following: (5) National scenic trails (A) In general In preparing an environmental impact statement with respect to an application for Federal authorization for a project, any evaluation of the visual impacts of the project on a national scenic trail designated by the National Trails System Act ( 16 U.S.C. 1241 et seq. ) in the environmental impact statement shall— (i) consider the cumulative visual impacts of any similar proposed project— (I) for which an application for Federal authorization is in the pre-filing or filing stage; and (II) that impacts the same national scenic trail within 100 miles of the first project; and (ii) include visual impact simulations depicting leaf-on and leaf-off views at each location where major visual impacts occur, as identified, authenticated, and justified during the period of public comment preceding the publication of a draft environmental impact statement by the head of the Federal agency or independent agency administering the land at the applicable location. (B) National forest management plans No amendment to a National Forest management plan under the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 ( 16 U.S.C. 1600 et seq. ) shall be considered if the result of the amendment represents net degradation to the resources of a national scenic trail designated by the National Trails System Act ( 16 U.S.C. 1241 et seq. ). . 8. Judicial review Section 19(a) of the Natural Gas Act ( 15 U.S.C. 717r(a) ) is amended— (1) in the sixth sentence, by striking Until the record and inserting the following: (5) Powers of the Commission Until the record ; (2) in the fifth sentence, by striking No proceeding and inserting the following: (4) Application required for judicial review No proceeding ; (3) by striking the fourth sentence and inserting the following: (B) Effect of failure to timely rule on the merits (i) In general If the Commission has not ruled on the merits of an application for rehearing under this subsection by the date that is 30 days after the date on which the application for rehearing is filed with the Commission, the application for rehearing shall be deemed denied on that date. (ii) Orders granting rehearing for further consideration For purposes of clause (i), an order granting an application for rehearing solely for the purpose of further considering the issues raised in the application for rehearing shall not be considered to be a ruling on the merits of the application for rehearing. (iii) Judicial review An application for rehearing that is deemed denied under clause (i) may be reviewed by a court of appeals of the United States in accordance with subsection (b). ; (4) in the third sentence, by striking Upon such application and inserting the following: (3) Decision on application (A) In general On an application for rehearing under this subsection, ; (5) in the second sentence, by striking The application and inserting the following: (2) Contents An application ; and (6) by striking the subsection designation and all that follows through Any person in the first sentence and inserting the following: (a) Application for rehearing (1) In general Any person .