II 117th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 615 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 5, 2021 Mr. Menendez (for himself and Mr. Risch ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations A BILL To establish an interagency program to assist countries in North Africa and West Africa to improve immediate and long-term capabilities to counter terrorist threats, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership Program Act of 2021 . 2. Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that— (1) terrorist and violent extremist organizations, such as Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, Boko Haram, the Islamic State of West Africa, and other affiliated groups, have killed tens of thousands of innocent civilians, displaced populations, destabilized local and national governments, and caused mass human suffering in the affected communities; (2) poor governance, political and economic marginalization, and lack of accountability for human rights abuses by security forces are drivers of extremism; (3) it is in the national security interest of the United States— (A) to combat the spread of terrorism and violent extremism; and (B) to build the capacity of partner countries to combat such threats in Africa; (4) terrorist and violent extremist organizations exploit vulnerable and marginalized communities suffering from poverty, lack of economic opportunity (particularly among youth populations), corruption, and weak governance; and (5) a comprehensive, coordinated interagency approach is needed to develop an effective strategy— (A) to address the security challenges in the Sahel-Maghreb; (B) to appropriately allocate resources and de-conflict programs; and (C) to maximize the effectiveness of United States defense, diplomatic, and development capabilities. 3. Statement of policy It is the policy of the United States to assist countries in North Africa and West Africa, and other allies and partners that are active in those regions, in combating terrorism and violent extremism through a coordinated interagency approach with a consistent strategy that appropriately balances security activities with diplomatic and development efforts to address the political, socioeconomic, governance, and development challenges in North Africa and West Africa that contribute to terrorism and violent extremism. 4. Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership Program (a) In general (1) Establishment The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall establish a partnership program, which shall be known as the Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership Program (referred to in this section as the Program ), to coordinate all programs, projects, and activities of the United States Government in countries in North Africa and West Africa that are conducted— (A) to improve governance and the capacities of countries in North Africa and West Africa to deliver basic services, particularly to at-risk communities, as a means of countering terrorism and violent extremism by enhancing state legitimacy and authority and countering corruption; (B) to address the factors that make people and communities vulnerable to recruitment by terrorist and violent extremist organizations, including economic vulnerability and mistrust of government and government security forces, through activities such as— (i) supporting strategies that increase youth employment opportunities; (ii) promoting girls’ education and women’s political participation; (iii) strengthening local governance and civil society capacity; (iv) improving government transparency and accountability; (v) fighting corruption; (vi) improving access to economic opportunities; and (vii) other development activities necessary to support community resilience; (C) to strengthen the rule of law in such countries, including by enhancing the capability of the judicial institutions to independently, transparently, and credibly deter, investigate, and prosecute acts of terrorism and violent extremism; (D) to improve the ability of military and law enforcement entities in partner countries— (i) to detect, disrupt, respond to, and prosecute violent extremist and terrorist activity, while respecting human rights; and (ii) to cooperate with the United States and other partner countries on counterterrorism and counter-extremism efforts; (E) to enhance the border security capacity of partner countries, including the ability to monitor, detain, and interdict terrorists; (F) to identify, monitor, disrupt, and counter the human capital and financing pipelines of terrorism; or (G) to support the free expression and operations of independent, local-language media, particularly in rural areas, while countering the media operations and recruitment propaganda of terrorist and violent extremist organizations. (2) Assistance framework Program activities shall— (A) be carried out in countries in which the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development— (i) determines that there is an adequate level of partner country commitment; and (ii) has considered partner country needs, absorptive capacity, sustainment capacity, and efforts of other donors in the sector; (B) have clearly defined outcomes; (C) be closely coordinated among United States diplomatic and development missions, United States Africa Command, and relevant participating departments and agencies; (D) have specific plans with robust indicators to regularly monitor and evaluate outcomes and impact; (E) complement and enhance efforts to promote democratic governance, the rule of law, human rights, and economic growth; (F) in the case of train and equip programs, complement longer-term security sector institution-building; and (G) have mechanisms in place to track resources and routinely monitor and evaluate the efficacy of relevant programs. (3) Consultation In coordinating activities through the Program, the Secretary of State shall consult, as appropriate, with the Director of National Intelligence, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Attorney General, the Chief Executive Officer of the United States Agency for Global Media (formerly known as the Broadcasting Board of Governors), and the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, as determined by the President. (4) Congressional notification Not later than 15 days before obligating amounts for an activity coordinated through the Program under paragraph (1), the Secretary of State shall notify the appropriate congressional committees, in accordance with section 634A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ( 22 U.S.C. 2394–1 ), of— (A) the foreign country and entity, as applicable, whose capabilities are to be enhanced in accordance with the purposes described in paragraph (1); (B) the amount, type, and purpose of support to be provided; (C) the absorptive capacity of the foreign country to effectively implement the assistance to be provided; (D) the anticipated implementation timeline for the activity; and (E) the plans to sustain any military or security equipment provided beyond the completion date of such activity, if applicable, and the estimated cost and source of funds to support such sustainment. (b) International coordination Efforts carried out under this section— (1) shall take into account partner country counterterrorism, counter-extremism, and development strategies; (2) shall be aligned with such strategies, to the extent practicable; and (3) shall be coordinated with counterterrorism and counter-extremism activities and programs in the areas of defense, diplomacy, and development carried out by other like-minded donors and international organizations in the relevant country. (c) Strategies (1) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development and other relevant Federal Government agencies, shall submit the strategies described in paragraphs (2) and (3) to the appropriate congressional committees. (2) Comprehensive, 5-year strategy for the Sahel-Maghreb The Secretary of State shall develop a comprehensive, 5-year strategy for the Sahel-Maghreb, including details related to whole-of-government efforts in the areas of defense, diplomacy, and development to advance the national security, economic, and humanitarian interests of the United States, including— (A) efforts to ensure coordination with multilateral and bilateral partners, such as the Joint Force of the Group of Five of the Sahel, and with other relevant assistance frameworks; (B) a public diplomacy strategy and actions to ensure that populations in the Sahel-Maghreb are aware of the development activities of the United States Government, especially in countries with a significant Department of Defense presence or engagement through train and equip programs; (C) activities aimed at supporting democratic institutions and countering violent extremism with measurable goals and transparent benchmarks; (D) plans to help each partner country address humanitarian and development needs and to help prevent, respond to, and mitigate intercommunal violence; (E) a comprehensive plan to support security sector reform in each partner country that includes a detailed section on programs and activities being undertaken by relevant stakeholders and other international actors operating in the sector; and (F) a specific strategy for Mali that includes plans for sustained, high-level diplomatic engagement with stakeholders, including countries in Europe and the Middle East with interests in the Sahel-Maghreb, regional governments, relevant multilateral organizations, signatory groups of the Agreement for Peace and Reconciliation in Mali, done in Algiers July 24, 2014, and civil society actors. (3) A comprehensive five-year strategy for Program counterterrorism efforts The Secretary of State shall develop a comprehensive 5-year strategy for the Program that includes— (A) a clear statement of the objectives of United States counterterrorism efforts in North Africa and West Africa with respect to the use of all forms of United States assistance to combat terrorism and counter violent extremism, including efforts— (i) to build military and civilian law enforcement capacity; (ii) to strengthen the rule of law; (iii) to promote responsive and accountable governance; and (iv) to address the root causes of terrorism and violent extremism; (B) a plan for coordinating programs through the Program pursuant to subsection (a)(1), including identifying the agency or bureau of the Department of State, as applicable, that will be responsible for leading and coordinating each such program; (C) a plan to monitor, evaluate, and share data and learning about the Program in accordance with monitoring and evaluation provisions under sections 3 and 4 of the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act of 2016 ( 22 U.S.C. 2394c note and 2394c); and (D) a plan for ensuring coordination and compliance with related requirements in United States law, including the Global Fragility Act of 2019 ( 22 U.S.C. 9801 et seq.). (4) Consultation Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall consult with the appropriate congressional committees regarding the progress made towards developing the strategies required under paragraphs (2) and (3). (d) Supporting material in annual budget request (1) In general The Secretary of State shall include a description of the requirements, activities, and planned allocation of amounts requested by the Program in the budget materials submitted to Congress in support of the President’s annual budget request pursuant to section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, for each fiscal year beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act and annually thereafter for the following 5 years. (2) Exception The requirement under paragraph (1) shall not apply to activities of the Department of Defense conducted pursuant to authorities under title 10, United States Code. (e) Monitoring and evaluation of programs and activities Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for the following 5 years, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes— (1) the progress made in meeting the objectives of the strategies required under paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (c), including any lessons learned in carrying out Program activities and any recommendations for improving such programs and activities; (2) the efforts taken to coordinate, de-conflict, and streamline Program activities to maximize resource effectiveness; (3) the extent to which each partner country has demonstrated the ability to absorb the equipment or training provided in the previous year under the Program, and as applicable, the ability to maintain and appropriately utilize such equipment; (4) the extent to which each partner country is investing its own resources to advance the goals described in subsection (a)(1) or is demonstrating a commitment and willingness to cooperate with the United States to advance such goals; (5) the actions taken by the government of each partner country receiving assistance under the Program to combat corruption, improve transparency and accountability, and promote other forms of democratic governance; (6) the assistance provided in each of the 3 preceding fiscal years under the Program, broken down by partner country, including the type, statutory authorization, and purpose of all United States security assistance provided to the country pursuant to authorities under title 10, United States Code, the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ( 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), or any other train and equip authorities of the Department of Defense; and (7) any changes or updates to the Comprehensive 5-Year Strategy for the Program required under subsection (c)(3) necessitated by the findings in this annual report. (f) Reporting requirement related to audit of bureau of african affairs monitoring and coordination of the Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership Program Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 120 days thereafter until the earlier of the date on which all 13 recommendations in the September 2020 Department of State Office of Inspector General audit entitled Audit of the Department of State Bureau of African Affairs Monitoring and Coordination of the Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership Program (AUD–MERO–20–42) are closed or the date that is 3 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that identifies— (1) which of the 13 recommendations in AUD–MERO–20–42 have not been closed; (2) a description of progress made since the last report toward closing each recommendation identified under paragraph (1); (3) additional resources needed, including assessment of staffing capacity, if any, to complete action required to close each recommendation identified under paragraph (1); and (4) the anticipated timeline for completion of action required to close each recommendation identified under paragraph (1), including application of all recommendations into all existing security assistance programs managed by the Department of State under the Program. (g) Program administration Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit a report to Congress that describes plans for conducting a written review of a representative sample of each of the security assistance programs administered by the Bureau of African Affairs that— (1) identifies potential waste, fraud, abuse, inefficiencies, or deficiencies; and (2) includes an analysis of staff capacity, including human resource needs, available resources, procedural guidance, and monitoring and evaluation processes to ensure that the Bureau of African Affairs is managing programs efficiently and effectively. (h) Form The strategies required under paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (c) and the report required under subsection (e) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex. (i) Appropriate congressional committees defined In this section, the term appropriate congressional committees means— (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate ; (2) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate ; (3) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate ; (4) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate ; (5) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives ; (6) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives ; (7) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives ; and (8) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives .