II Calendar No. 505 117th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 4599 [Report No. 117–163] IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES July 21, 2022 Mr. Peters (for himself and Mr. Lankford ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs September 27, 2022 Reported by Mr. Peters , with an amendment Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic A BILL To streamline the sharing of information among Federal disaster assistance agencies, to expedite the delivery of life-saving assistance to disaster survivors, to speed the recovery of communities from disasters, to protect the security and privacy of information provided by disaster survivors, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Disaster Assistance Simplification Act . 2. Findings and purpose (a) Findings Congress finds the following: (1) The disaster response framework of the United States relies on a unified, integrated, agile, and adaptable whole-of-community effort by Federal, State, and local disaster assistance agencies, and by voluntary organizations, to respond to any natural and man-made disasters that may strike communities. (2) Federal disaster assistance agencies must be ready to support States, communities, and volunteer agencies immediately after unpredictable catastrophic disasters that occur without notice. (3) The immediate sharing of information is essential to an efficient and effective delivery of disaster assistance— (A) when lives and property are at risk; and (B) as communities seek to recover from disasters as quickly as possible. (4) Section 552a of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the “Privacy Act of 1974”) and subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code (commonly known as the Paperwork Reduction Act ) require multiple layers of review, notice, and publication in the Federal Register before Federal disaster assistance agencies can amend or adapt their information sharing practices. (5) Such extended review processes can have the effect of inhibiting efficiency, innovation, and interoperability among Federal, State, Tribal, territorial, local, private, and volunteer partners in delivering disaster assistance within a whole-of-community disaster assistance effort. (6) Legal, regulatory, and policy limitations on the interagency sharing of information submitted by applicants for disaster assistance may require those applicants to submit separate applications to multiple Federal disaster assistance agencies, which increases the burden on those applicants, reduces the efficiency of disaster assistance programs, and places additional costs on taxpayers. (b) Purpose The purposes of this Act are to— (1) streamline the sharing of information among Federal disaster assistance agencies; (2) modernize the legal safeguards against the unauthorized disclosure or misuse of information about applicants for disaster assistance; and (3) modernize, streamline, and consolidate the overlapping requirements of section 552a of title 5, United States Code, subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code, and the agency policies that implement those authorities to improve the speed, convenience, efficiency, and effectiveness of disaster relief programs. 3. Establishment of DisasterAssistance.gov electronic information system The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: 707. Establishment of DisasterAssistance.gov electronic information system (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Administrator The term Administrator means the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2) Applicant The term applicant means— (A) an individual or organization who applies for disaster assistance from a disaster assistance program; and (B) an individual or organization on behalf of which an individual described in subparagraph (A) applies for disaster assistance from a disaster assistance program. (3) DisasterAssistance.gov The term DisasterAssistance.gov means the electronic information system established under subsection (b)(1). (4) Disaster assistance agency The term disaster assistance agency means— (A) the Federal Emergency Management Agency; (B) the Department of Housing and Urban Development; (C) the Small Business Administration; (D) the Department of Agriculture; and (E) any Federal agency that provides disaster assistance to individuals that the Administrator certifies as a disaster assistance agency in accordance with subsection (f) to carry out the purposes of a disaster assistance program. (5) Disaster assistance information The term disaster assistance information includes any personal, biographical, demographic, geographical, financial, or application decision information that a disaster assistance agency is authorized to collect, maintain, share, or use to— (A) process an application for disaster assistance from a disaster assistance program; or (B) otherwise carry out the purpose of a disaster assistance program. (6) Disaster assistance program The term disaster assistance program means— (A) a program that provides disaster assistance to individuals and households under title IV or V in accordance with sections 408 and 502; or (B) any other assistance program authorized by a Federal statute under which a disaster assistance agency awards or distributes disaster assistance to an individual, household, or organization that arises from a major disaster or emergency declared under section 401 or 501, respectively, including— (i) disaster assistance; (ii) long-term disaster recovery assistance; (iii) the post-disaster restoration of infrastructure and housing; (iv) post-disaster economic revitalization; (v) pre-disaster mitigation under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 ( 42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq. ); (vi) a loan authorized under section 7(b) of the Small Business Act ( 15 U.S.C. 636(b) ); and (vii) food benefit allotments under section 412 of this Act and Section 5(h) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 ( 7 U.S.C. 2014(h) ). (7) Record The term record has the meaning given the term in section 552a of title 5, United States Code. (b) Establishment of consolidated application system (1) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Disaster Assistance Simplification Act , the Administrator shall establish a web-based, interagency electronic information system to be known as DisasterAssistance.gov to— (A) facilitate a consolidated application for any form of disaster assistance provided by a disaster assistance agency; (B) carry out the purposes of disaster assistance programs swiftly, efficiently, equitably, and in accordance with applicable laws and the privacy and data protections provided under this section; and (C) detect, prevent, and investigate waste, fraud, abuse, or discrimination in the administration of disaster assistance programs. (2) Capabilities of the consolidated application system DisasterAssistance.gov shall— (A) allow for applicants to receive status updates on applications for disaster assistance programs through DisasterAssistance.gov; (B) allow for applicants to update disaster assistance information throughout the recovery journeys of those applicants; (C) allow for the distribution of additional recovery resource information to disaster survivors that may be available in a disaster stricken jurisdiction; (D) provide disaster survivors with information and documentation on the applications of those disaster survivors for a disaster assistance program; and (E) contain other capabilities determined necessary by the heads of disaster assistance agencies. (c) Authorities of Administrator The Administrator may— (1) collect, maintain, share, and use disaster assistance information using DisasterAssistance.gov or received from any disaster assistance agency with any other disaster assistance agency; and (2) subject to subsection (d), authorize the collection, sharing, and use of disaster assistance information collected on or after the date of enactment of the Disaster Assistance Simplification Act by publishing a notice on DisasterAssistance.gov that— (A) includes a detailed description of— (i) the specific disaster assistance information authorized to be collected, maintained, and shared; (ii) why the collection, maintenance, or sharing of the disaster assistance information is— (I) necessary to carry out the purpose of a disaster assistance program; and (II) consistent with fair information practice principles; and (iii) the disaster assistance agencies that will be granted access to the disaster assistance information to carry out the purpose of any disaster assistance program; and (B) the submission of an application through DisasterAssistance.gov constitutes prior written consent to disclose disaster assistance information to disaster assistance agencies for the purpose of section 552a(b) of title 5, United States Code. (d) Collection and sharing of records and information (1) Effect of publication of notice on DisasterAssistance.gov The publication of a notice by the Administrator on DisasterAssistance.gov of a revision to the DisasterAssistance.gov system of records on DisasterAssistance.gov prior to any new collection, or uses, of records, to carry out the purposes of a disaster assistance program with respect to a major disaster or emergency declared by the President under section 401 or 501, respectively, of this Act shall be deemed to satisfy the notice and publication requirements of section 552a(e)(4) of title 5, United States Code, for a period of not more than 90 days following such declaration, unless such revision has been published in the Federal Register earlier than 90 days after the date of such declaration. (2) Paperwork Reduction Act waiver (A) In general Upon the declaration of a major disaster or emergency pursuant to section 401 or 501, respectively, of this Act, the President, without delegation, may direct the Secretary of Homeland Security to waive the requirements of subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44, United States (commonly known as the Paperwork Reduction Act ) with respect to voluntary collection of information to carry out the purposes of a disaster assistance program. (B) Duration A waiver described in subparagraph (A) shall be in effect for the duration of the major disaster or emergency, as applicable. (C) Transparency If the Secretary of Homeland Security waives the requirements described in subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall— (i) promptly post on the internet website of the Department of Homeland Security— (I) a brief justification for the waiver; and (II) the agencies and offices to which the waiver shall apply; and (ii) update the information posted under clause (i), as applicable. (D) Effectiveness of waiver Any waiver under subparagraph (A) shall take effect on the date on which the Secretary of Homeland Security posts information on the internet website as provided for under subparagraph (C). (e) Data security The Administrator shall facilitate the collection of disaster assistance information into DisasterAssistance.gov only after— (1) the Administrator certifies that DisasterAssistance.gov substantially complies with the data security standards and best practices of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; (2) the Secretary of Homeland Security publishes a privacy impact assessment for DisasterAssistance.gov that is similar to the privacy assessment conducted under section 222(a)(4) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 142(a)(4) ); and (3) the Administrator publishes standard rules of behavior for disaster assistance agencies and personnel granted access to disaster assistance information to protect such information from improper disclosure. (f) Certification of disaster assistance agencies (1) In general The Administrator may certify a Federal agency as a disaster assistance agency after posting an agreement between the Administrator and the Federal agency on DisasterAssistance.gov that contains the detailed terms of the agreement. (2) Contents of agreement An agreement between the Administrator and a Federal agency described in paragraph (1) shall state that the Federal agency will— (A) collect, share, maintain, and use disaster assistance information— (i) in accordance with this section; and (ii) in substantial compliance with the data security standards and best practices of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; (B) train any personnel granted access to disaster assistance information on the rules of behavior established by the Administrator under subsection (e)(3); (C) in the event of any unauthorized disclosure of disaster assistance information— (i) not later than 24 hours after discovering the unauthorized disclosure, notify the Administrator of the disclosure; (ii) cooperate fully with the Administrator in the investigation and remediation of the disclosure; and (iii) cooperate fully in the prosecution of a person responsible for the disclosure; and (D) assume the responsibility for any compensation, civil liability, or other remediation measure awarded by a judgment of a court or agreed as a compromise of any potential claim by or on behalf of an applicant, including by obtaining credit monitoring and remediation services, for an improper disclosure of disaster assistance information that is— (i) caused, directly or indirectly, by the acts or omissions of an officer, employee, or contractor of the disaster assistance agency; or (ii) from any electronic system of records that created or maintained by the disaster assistance agency pursuant to section 552a(e) of title 5, United States Code. (g) Rules of construction (1) Inapplicability of matching program provisions The sharing of disaster assistance information subject to the requirements of section 552a of title 5, United States Code among disaster assistance agencies or with State, local, or Tribal governments carrying out disaster assistance programs shall not— (A) be construed as a matching program for the purpose of section 552a(a)(8) of title 5, United States Code; and (B) be subject to subsection (e)(12), (o), (p)(1)(A)(ii), (q), (r), or (u) of section 552a of title 5, United States Code. (2) Authorities in other laws Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the authority of an entity to share information in accordance with any other law. .

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Disaster Assistance Simplification Act . 2. Findings and purpose (a) Findings Congress finds the following: (1) The disaster response framework of the United States relies on a unified, integrated, agile, and adaptable whole-of-community effort by Federal, State, and local disaster assistance agencies, and by voluntary organizations, to respond to any natural and man-made disasters that may strike communities. (2) Federal disaster assistance agencies must be ready to support States, communities, and volunteer agencies immediately after unpredictable catastrophic disasters that occur without notice. (3) The immediate sharing of information is essential to an efficient and effective delivery of disaster assistance— (A) when lives and property are at risk; and (B) as communities seek to recover from disasters as quickly as possible. (4) Section 552a of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the “Privacy Act of 1974”), and subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code (commonly known as the Paperwork Reduction Act ), require multiple layers of review, notice, and publication in the Federal Register before Federal disaster assistance agencies can amend or adapt their information sharing practices. (5) Such extended review processes can have the effect of inhibiting efficiency, innovation, and interoperability among Federal, State, Tribal, territorial, local, private, and volunteer partners in delivering disaster assistance within a whole-of-community disaster assistance effort. (6) Legal, regulatory, and policy limitations on the interagency sharing of information submitted by applicants for disaster assistance may require those applicants to submit separate applications to multiple Federal disaster assistance agencies, which increases the burden on those applicants, reduces the efficiency of disaster assistance programs, and places additional costs on taxpayers. (b) Purpose The purposes of this Act are to— (1) streamline the sharing of information among Federal disaster assistance agencies; (2) modernize the legal safeguards against the unauthorized disclosure or misuse of information about applicants for disaster assistance; and (3) modernize, streamline, and consolidate the overlapping requirements of section 552a of title 5, United States Code, subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code, and the agency policies that implement those authorities to improve the speed, convenience, efficiency, and effectiveness of disaster relief programs. 3. Establishment of DisasterAssistance.gov electronic information system The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ( 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following: 707. Establishment of DisasterAssistance.gov electronic information system (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Administrator The term Administrator means the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2) Applicant The term applicant means— (A) an individual or organization that applies for disaster assistance from a disaster assistance program; and (B) an individual or organization on behalf of which an individual described in subparagraph (A) applies for disaster assistance from a disaster assistance program. (3) DisasterAssistance.gov The term DisasterAssistance.gov means the electronic information system established under subsection (b)(1). (4) Disaster assistance agency The term disaster assistance agency means— (A) the Federal Emergency Management Agency; and (B) any Federal agency that provides disaster assistance to individuals that the Administrator certifies as a disaster assistance agency in accordance with subsection (f) to carry out the purposes of a disaster assistance program. (5) Disaster assistance information The term disaster assistance information includes any personal, biographical, demographic, geographical, financial, application decision, or other information that a disaster assistance agency is authorized to collect, maintain, share, or use to— (A) process an application for disaster assistance from a disaster assistance program; or (B) otherwise carry out the purpose of a disaster assistance program. (6) Disaster assistance program The term disaster assistance program means— (A) a program that provides disaster assistance to individuals and households under title IV or V in accordance with sections 408 and 502; or (B) any other assistance program authorized by a Federal statute or funded with Federal appropriations under which a disaster assistance agency awards or distributes disaster assistance to an individual, household, or organization that arises from a major disaster or emergency declared under section 401 or 501, respectively, including— (i) disaster assistance; (ii) long-term disaster recovery assistance; (iii) the post-disaster restoration of infrastructure and housing; (iv) post-disaster economic revitalization; (v) pre-disaster mitigation under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 ( 42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq. ); (vi) a loan authorized under section 7(b) of the Small Business Act ( 15 U.S.C. 636(b) ); and (vii) food benefit allotments under section 412 of this Act and section 5(h) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 ( 7 U.S.C. 2014(h) ). (7) Record The term record has the meaning given the term in section 552a of title 5, United States Code. (b) Establishment of consolidated application system (1) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Disaster Assistance Simplification Act , the Administrator shall establish a web-based, interagency electronic information system to be known as DisasterAssistance.gov to— (A) facilitate a consolidated application for any form of disaster assistance provided by a disaster assistance agency; (B) carry out the purposes of disaster assistance programs swiftly, efficiently, equitably, and in accordance with applicable laws and the privacy and data protections provided under this section; and (C) support the detection, prevention, and investigation of waste, fraud, abuse, or discrimination in the administration of disaster assistance programs. (2) Capabilities of the consolidated application system DisasterAssistance.gov shall— (A) allow for applicants to receive status updates on applications for disaster assistance programs through DisasterAssistance.gov; (B) allow for applicants to update disaster assistance information throughout the recovery journeys of those applicants; (C) allow for the distribution of additional recovery resource information to disaster survivors that may be available in a disaster stricken jurisdiction; (D) provide disaster survivors with information and documentation on the applications of those disaster survivors for a disaster assistance program; and (E) contain other capabilities determined necessary by the heads of disaster assistance agencies. (c) Authorities of Administrator The Administrator may— (1) collect, maintain, share, and use disaster assistance information, including such information received from any disaster assistance agency, with any other disaster assistance agency for purposes of subsection (b)(1), and may use DisasterAssistance.gov for these purposes; and (2) subject to subsection (d), authorize the collection, sharing, and use of disaster assistance information collected on or after the date of enactment of the Disaster Assistance Simplification Act by publishing a notice on DisasterAssistance.gov that— (A) includes a detailed description of— (i) the specific disaster assistance information authorized to be collected, maintained, and shared; (ii) why the collection, maintenance, or sharing of the disaster assistance information is— (I) necessary to carry out the purpose of a disaster assistance program; and (II) consistent with fair information practice principles; and (iii) the disaster assistance agencies that will be granted access to the disaster assistance information to carry out the purpose of any disaster assistance program; and (B) the submission of an application through DisasterAssistance.gov constitutes prior written consent to disclose disaster assistance information to disaster assistance agencies for the purpose of section 552a(b) of title 5, United States Code. (d) Collection and sharing of records and information (1) Effect of publication of notice on DisasterAssistance.gov The publication of a notice by the Administrator on DisasterAssistance.gov of a revision to the DisasterAssistance.gov system of records on DisasterAssistance.gov prior to any new collection, or uses, of records, to carry out the purposes of a disaster assistance program with respect to a major disaster or emergency declared by the President under section 401 or 501, respectively, of this Act shall be deemed to satisfy the notice and publication requirements of section 552a(e)(4) of title 5, United States Code, for a period of not more than 90 days following such declaration, unless such revision has been published in the Federal Register earlier than 90 days after the date of such declaration. (2) Paperwork Reduction Act waiver (A) In general Upon the declaration of a major disaster or emergency pursuant to section 401 or 501, respectively, of this Act, the Administrator may waive the requirements of subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44, United States (commonly known as the Paperwork Reduction Act ), with respect to voluntary collection of information to carry out the purposes of a disaster assistance program. (B) Duration A waiver described in subparagraph (A) shall be in effect for the duration of the major disaster or emergency, as applicable. (C) Transparency If the Administrator waives the requirements described in subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall— (i) promptly post on the internet website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency— (I) a brief justification for the waiver; and (II) the agencies and offices to which the waiver shall apply; and (ii) update the information posted under clause (i), as applicable. (D) Effectiveness of waiver Any waiver under subparagraph (A) shall take effect on the date on which the Administrator posts information on the internet website as provided for under subparagraph (C). (e) Data security The Administrator shall facilitate the collection of disaster assistance information into DisasterAssistance.gov only after— (1) the Administrator certifies that DisasterAssistance.gov substantially complies with the data security standards established pursuant to subchapter II of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code, and any other applicable Federal information security policy; (2) the Secretary of Homeland Security publishes a privacy impact assessment for DisasterAssistance.gov that is similar to the privacy assessment conducted under section 208(b)(1)(B) of the E-Government Act of 2002 ( 44 U.S.C. 3501 note); and (3) the Administrator publishes standard rules of behavior for disaster assistance agencies and personnel granted access to disaster assistance information to protect such information from improper disclosure. (f) Certification of disaster assistance agencies (1) In general The Administrator may certify a Federal agency as a disaster assistance agency after posting an agreement between the Administrator and the Federal agency on DisasterAssistance.gov that contains the detailed terms of the agreement. (2) Contents of agreement An agreement between the Administrator and a Federal agency described in paragraph (1) shall state that the Federal agency will— (A) collect, share, maintain, and use disaster assistance information in accordance with— (i) this section; and (ii) any existing policies of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Federal agency for information protection and use; (B) train any personnel granted access to disaster assistance information on the rules of behavior established by the Administrator under subsection (e)(3); (C) in the event of any unauthorized disclosure of disaster assistance information— (i) not later than 24 hours after discovering the unauthorized disclosure, notify the Administrator of the disclosure; (ii) cooperate fully with the Administrator in the investigation and remediation of the disclosure; and (iii) cooperate fully in the prosecution of a person responsible for the disclosure; and (D) assume the responsibility for any compensation, civil liability, or other remediation measure awarded by a judgment of a court or agreed as a compromise of any potential claim by or on behalf of an applicant, including by obtaining credit monitoring and remediation services, for an improper disclosure of disaster assistance information that is— (i) caused, directly or indirectly, by the acts or omissions of an officer, employee, or contractor of the disaster assistance agency; or (ii) from any electronic system of records that created or maintained by the disaster assistance agency pursuant to section 552a(e) of title 5, United States Code. (g) Rules of construction (1) Inapplicability of matching program provisions The sharing of disaster assistance information subject to the requirements of section 552a of title 5, United States Code, among disaster assistance agencies or with State, local, or Tribal governments carrying out disaster assistance programs shall not— (A) be construed as a matching program for the purpose of section 552a(a)(8) of title 5, United States Code; or (B) be subject to subsection (e)(12), (o), (p)(1)(A)(ii), (q), (r), or (u) of section 552a of title 5, United States Code. (2) Authorities in other laws Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the authority of an entity to share information in accordance with any other law. .

September 27, 2022 Reported with an amendment