I 117th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 2750 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES April 22, 2021 Ms. Bonamici (for herself, Mr. Posey , Mr. Beyer , and Mr. Mast ) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Natural Resources , and in addition to the Committees on Science, Space, and Technology , and House Administration , for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned A BILL To establish an Interagency Working Group on Coastal Blue Carbon, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Blue Carbon for Our Planet Act . 2. Interagency working group (a) Establishment The National Science and Technology Council Subcommittee on Ocean Science and Technology shall establish an Interagency Working Group on Coastal Blue Carbon. (b) Purposes The Interagency Working Group on Coastal Blue Carbon shall oversee the development of a national map of coastal blue carbon ecosystems, establish national coastal blue carbon ecosystem protection and restoration priorities, assess the biophysical, social, and economic impediments to coastal blue carbon ecosystem restoration, study the effects of climate change, environmental stressors, and human stressors on carbon sequestration rates, and preserve the continuity of coastal blue carbon data. (c) Membership The Interagency Working Group on Coastal Blue Carbon shall be comprised of senior representatives from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the United States Geological Survey, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Smithsonian Institution, the Army Corps of Engineers, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Energy, the Department of Defense, the Department of Transportation, the Department of State, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the Council on Environmental Quality. (d) Chair The Interagency Working Group shall be chaired by the Administrator. (e) Responsibilities The Interagency Working Group shall— (1) oversee the development, update, and maintenance of a national map and inventory of coastal blue carbon ecosystems, including habitat types with a regional focus in analysis that is usable for local level protection planning and restoration; (2) develop a strategic assessment of the biophysical, chemical, social, statutory, regulatory, and economic impediments to protection and restoration of coastal blue carbon ecosystems; (3) develop a national strategy for foundational science necessary to study, synthesize, and evaluate the effects of climate change, environmental, and human stressors on sequestration rates and capabilities of coastal blue carbon ecosystems protection; (4) establish national coastal blue carbon ecosystem protection and restoration priorities, including an assessment of current Federal funding being used for restoration efforts; (5) ensure the continuity, use, and interoperability of data assets through the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center’s Coastal Carbon Data Clearinghouse; and (6) assess current legal authorities to protect and restore blue carbon ecosystems. (f) Reports to Congress (1) In general Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Interagency Working Group shall provide to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report containing the following: (A) A summary of federally funded coastal blue carbon ecosystem research, monitoring, preservation, and restoration activities, including the budget for each of these activities and describe the progress in advancing the national priorities established in section 4(a)(4)(A). (B) An assessment of biophysical, social, and economic impediments to coastal blue carbon ecosystem restoration, including the vulnerability of coastal blue carbon ecosystems to climate impacts, such as sea-level rise, ocean and coastal acidification, and other environmental and human stressors. (2) Strategic plan (A) In general The Interagency Working group shall create a strategic plan for Federal investments in basic research, development, demonstration, long-term monitoring and stewardship, and deployment of coastal blue carbon ecosystem projects for the 5-year period beginning at the start of the first fiscal year after the date on which the budget assessment is submitted under paragraph (1). The plan shall include an assessment of the use of existing Federal programs to protect and preserve coastal blue carbon ecosystems and identify the need for any additional authorities or programs. (B) Timing The Interagency Working Group shall— (i) submit the strategic plan under paragraph (A) to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on a date that is not later than one year after the enactment of this Act and not earlier than the date on which the report under paragraph (1) is submitted to such committees of Congress; and (ii) submit a revised version of such plan not less than quinquennially thereafter. (C) Federal Register Not later than 90 days before the strategic plan under this paragraph, or any revision thereof, is submitted under subparagraph (B), the Interagency Working Group shall publish such plan in the Federal Register and provide an opportunity for submission of public comments for a period of not less than 60 days. 3. National map of coastal blue carbon ecosystems (a) National map The Interagency Working Group shall— (1) produce, update at least once every five years, and maintain a national level map and inventory of coastal blue carbon ecosystems, including— (A) the species and types of habitats and species in the ecosystem; (B) the condition of such habitats including whether a habitat is degraded, drained, eutrophic, or tidally restricted; (C) type of public or private ownership and any protected status; (D) the size of the ecosystem; (E) the salinity boundaries; (F) the tidal boundaries; (G) an assessment of carbon sequestration potential, methane production, and net greenhouse gas reductions including consideration of— (i) quantification; (ii) verifiability; (iii) comparison to a historical baseline, as available; and (iv) permanence of those benefits; (H) an assessment of cobenefits of ecosystem and carbon sequestration; (I) the potential for landward migration as a result of sea level rise; (J) any upstream restrictions detrimental to the watershed process and conditions such as dams, dikes, and levees; (K) the conversion of coastal blue carbon ecosystems to other land uses and the cause of such conversion; and (L) a depiction of the effects of climate change, including sea level rise, environmental stressors, and human stressors on the sequestration rate, carbon storage, and potential of coastal blue carbon ecosystems; and (2) in carrying out paragraph (1)— (A) incorporate, to the extent possible, existing data collected through federally funded research and by a Federal agency, State agency, local agency, Tribe, including data collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Change Analysis Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory, United States Geological Survey LandCarbon program, Federal Emergency Management Agency LiDAR information coordination and knowledge program, Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research program, and Department of Agriculture National Coastal Blue Carbon Assessment; and (B) engage regional technical experts in order to accurately account for regional differences in coastal blue carbon ecosystems. (b) Use The Interagency Working Group shall use the national map and inventory— (1) to assess the carbon sequestration potential of different coastal blue carbon habitats, and account for any regional differences; (2) to assess and quantify emissions from degraded and destroyed coastal blue carbon ecosystems; (3) to develop regional assessments and to provide technical assistance to regional, State, Tribal, and local government agencies, and regional information coordination entities as defined in section 123030(6) of the Integrated Coastal and Ocean Observation System Act ( 33 U.S.C. 3602 ); (4) to assess degraded coastal blue carbon ecosystems and their potential for restoration, including developing scenario modeling to identify vulnerable areas where management, protection, and restoration efforts should be focused; (5) produce future predictions of coastal blue carbon ecosystems and carbon sequestration rates in the context of climate change, environmental stressors, and human stressors; and (6) use such map to inform the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency’s creation of the annual Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks. 4. Restoration and protections for existing coastal blue carbon ecosystems (a) In general The Administrator shall— (1) lead the Interagency Working Group in implementing the strategic plan under section 2(e)(2); (2) coordinate monitoring and research efforts among Federal agencies in cooperation with State, local, and Tribal government and international partners and nongovernmental organizations; (3) establish a national goal for conserving ocean and coastal blue carbon ecosystems within the territory of the United States, and as appropriate setting targets for restoration of degraded coastal blue carbon ecosystems; (4) in coordination with the Interagency Working Group and as informed by the report under section 2(e) on current Federal expenditures on coastal blue carbon ecosystem restoration, identify— (A) national coastal blue carbon ecosystem protection and restoration priorities that would produce the highest rate of carbon sequestration and greatest ecosystem benefits such as flood protection, soil and beach retention, erosion reduction, biodiversity, water purification, and nutrient cycling in the context of other environmental stressors and climate change; and (B) ways to improve coordination and to prevent unnecessary duplication of effort among Federal agencies and departments with respect to research on coastal blue carbon ecosystems through existing and new coastal management networks; and (5) in coordination with State, local, and Tribal governments and coastal stakeholders, develop integrated pilot programs to restore degraded coastal blue carbon ecosystems in accordance with subsection (b). (b) Integrated pilot programs To restore and protect degraded coastal blue carbon ecosystems In carrying out subsection (a)(5), the Administrator shall— (1) establish integrated pilot programs that develop best management practices, including design criteria and performance functions for coastal blue carbon ecosystem restoration and protection, nature-based adaptation strategies, restoration areas that intersect with the built environments as green-gray infrastructure projects, management practices for landward progression or migration of coastal blue carbon ecosystems, and identify potential barriers to restoration efforts, and increase long-term carbon sequestration and storage; (2) ensure that the pilot programs cover geographically and ecologically diverse locations with significant ecological, economic, and social benefits, such as flood protection, soil and beach retention, erosion reduction, biodiversity, water purification, and nutrient cycling to reduce hypoxic conditions, and maximum potential for greenhouse gas emission reduction; (3) establish a procedure for reviewing applications for the pilot program, taking into account— (A) quantification; (B) verifiability; (C) additionality as compared to a historical baseline, when feasible; and (D) permanence of those benefits; (4) ensure, through consultation with the Interagency Working Group, that the goals and metrics for the pilot programs are communicated to the appropriate State, Tribe, and local governments, and to the general public; (5) coordinate with relevant Federal agencies on the Interagency Working Group to prevent unnecessary duplication of effort among Federal agencies and departments with respect to restoration and protection programs; (6) give priority to proposed eligible restoration activities that would— (A) result in long-term protection and sequestration of carbon stored in coastal and marine environments; (B) protect key habitats for fish, wildlife, and the maintenance of biodiversity; (C) provide coastal protection from development, storms, flooding, and land-based pollution; (D) protect coastal resources of national, historical, and cultural significance; and (E) benefit communities of color, low-income communities, Tribal or Indigenous communities, or rural communities; and (7) report to the Interagency Working Group, and Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate on the total number of acres of land or water protected or restored through the program, the status of restoration projects, and the blue carbon sequestration potential of each restoration pilot project. 5. Coastal Carbon Data Clearinghouse (a) In general The Secretary of the Smithsonian, in coordination with the Administrator and members of the Interagency Working Group, shall provide for the long-term stewardship of, and access to, data relating to coastal blue carbon ecosystems and national mapping, by supporting the maintenance of the Coastal Carbon Data Clearinghouse. (b) Coastal Carbon Data Clearinghouse duties Acting through the Coastal Carbon Data Clearinghouse, the Secretary of the Smithsonian in coordination with the Administrator and members of the Interagency Working Group shall process, store, archive, provide access to, and incorporate to the extent possible, all data collected through federally funded research by a Federal agency, State, local agency, Tribe, academic scientist, or any other relevant entity. (c) Global and national data assets The Secretary of the Smithsonian in coordination with the Administrator and members of the Interagency Working Group shall ensure that existing global and national data assets are incorporated into the Coastal Carbon Data Clearinghouse to the greatest extent possible. (d) Establishment of standards, protocols, and procedures The Secretary of the Smithsonian in coordination with the Administrator and members of the Interagency Working Group, shall establish standards, protocols, and procedures for the processing, storing, archiving, and providing access to data in the Coastal Carbon Data Clearinghouse and best practices for sharing such data with State, local, and Tribal governments, coastal stakeholders, non-Federal resource managers, and academia. The Administrator shall work to disseminate such data to the greatest extent practicable. (e) Digital tools and resources The Secretary of the Smithsonian, in coordination with the Administrator and members of the Interagency Working Group, shall develop digital tools and resources to support the public use of the Coastal Carbon Data Clearinghouse. 6. NAS assessment of containment of carbon dioxide in deep seafloor environment Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall seek to enter into an agreement with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a comprehensive assessment on the long-term effects of geologic stores of carbon dioxide in a deep seafloor environment, including impacts on marine species and ecosystems. 7. Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to carry out this Act $15,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2022 through 2026. 8. Definitions In this Act: (1) Administrator The term Administrator means the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere in the Under Secretary’s capacity as the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2) Coastal blue carbon ecosystem The term coastal blue carbon ecosystem refers to vegetated coastal habitats including mangroves, tidal marshes, seagrasses, kelp forests, and other tidal, freshwater, or salt-water wetlands, and their ability to sequester carbon from the atmosphere, accumulate it in biomass for years to decades, and store it in soils for centuries to millennia. Coastal blue carbon ecosystems include both autochthonous carbon and allochthonous carbon. (3) State The term State means each State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and any other territory or possession of the United States.