I 116th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 3729 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES July 11, 2019 Ms. Roybal-Allard introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary , and in addition to the Committees on Homeland Security , Appropriations , and Foreign Affairs , for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned A BILL To provide for enhanced protections for vulnerable unaccompanied alien children, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Child Trafficking Victims Protection and Welfare Act . 2. Definitions In this Act: (1) Apprehended parent or legal guardian The term apprehended parent or legal guardian means an individual who is— (A) the parent or legal guardian of a child; and (B) apprehended by the Secretary of Homeland Security or the personnel of a cooperating entity. (2) Border The term border means an international border of the United States. (3) Child The term child means an individual who— (A) has not reached the age of 18 years; and (B) has no permanent immigration status in the United States. (4) Child welfare professional The term child welfare professional means an individual who— (A) is licensed in social work by the State welfare agency, and, if applicable, country welfare agency, of the State and county in which is located the port of entry or Border Patrol station at which such individual is available pursuant to section 3; (B) has direct experience working with children; and (C) is proficient in 1 or more of the most common languages spoken by children apprehended at the border concerned. (5) Cooperating entity The term cooperating entity means a State or local entity acting pursuant to an agreement with the Secretary of Homeland Security. (6) Department The term Department means the Department of Homeland Security. (7) Expert in child development The term expert in child development means an individual who has significant education and expertise on infant, child, and adolescent development, and on the effects of trauma on children. (8) Expert in child welfare The term expert in child welfare means an individual who has— (A) knowledge of Federal and State child welfare laws and standards; and (B) not less than fifteen years of experience in the field of child and adolescent development or child welfare. (9) Expert in pediatric medicine The term expert in pediatric medicine means— (A) an individual qualified to practice pediatric medicine in 1 or more States; or (B) an individual with an advanced degree in pediatric medicine on the faculty of an institution of higher education in the United States. (10) Migration deterrence program The term migration deterrence program means an action relating to the repatriation or referral for prosecution of 1 or more individuals apprehended by the Secretary of Homeland Security or a cooperating entity for a suspected or confirmed violation of the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.). (11) Unaccompanied alien child The term unaccompanied alien child has the meaning given the term in section 462(g) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 279(g) ). 3. Child welfare at the border (a) Guidelines The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, experts in child development, experts in child welfare, experts in pediatric medicine, and the American Bar Association Center on Children and the Law, shall develop guidelines for the treatment of children in the custody of U.S. Customs and Border Protection by all personnel who come into contact with such children in the relevant legal authorities, policies, practices, and procedures pertaining to this vulnerable population. (b) Mandatory training The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall— (1) require all U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel, and cooperating entity personnel, who have contact with a child at a port of entry or Border Patrol station to undergo appropriate training, which shall include live training, on the applicable legal authorities, policies, practices, and procedures relating to children; and (2) require U.S. Customs and Border personnel to undertake periodic and continuing training on best practices and changes in relevant legal authorities, policies, and procedures applicable in connection with subsection (a) and paragraph (1). (c) Qualified resources (1) In general In accordance with subsection (d), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall provide resources and staff, including child welfare professionals, who are adequately trained and qualified to address the needs of children at each port of entry and Border Patrol station. (2) Sufficient staffing The Secretary of Homeland Security shall ensure that sufficient qualified child welfare professionals and qualified experts in pediatric medicine are available at each port of entry and Border Patrol station to accomplish the duties described in this section without prolonging the time children and apprehended parents and legal guardians remain in the custody of U.S. Customs and Border Protection. (3) Child welfare professionals The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall hire, or seek to enter into contracts with, independent child welfare professionals in order to do the following: (A) To provide child welfare expertise on-site on a full-time basis at any port of entry or Border Patrol station that has had not fewer than 25 children in custody— (i) on any day during the preceding fiscal year; or (ii) during the current fiscal year, based on a review of monthly statistical reports during the current fiscal year. (B) To provide child welfare expertise by telephone on an on-call basis to U.S. Customs and Border Protection staff in any port of entry or Border Patrol station that is not described in subparagraph (A). (C) With respect to a port of entry or Border Patrol station that is described in subparagraph (A) but is without on-site expertise as required by such subparagraph during a period of not more than 90 days in which the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, is in the process of hiring or seeking to enter into a contract with an onsite independent child welfare professional, to provide child welfare expertise by telephone on an on-call basis to U.S. Customs and Border Protection staff. (d) Child welfare professionals and experts in pediatric medicine (1) In general The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, shall ensure that 1 or more qualified child welfare professionals with expertise in culturally competent, trauma-centered, and developmentally appropriate interviewing skills and 1 or more qualified experts in pediatric medicine is available at each port of entry and Border Patrol station. (2) Medical assessments Any medical assessment of a child in the custody of U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall be done in consultation with an expert in pediatric medicine described in paragraph (1). (3) Interpreter required In a case in which a child welfare professional or an expert in pediatric medicine at a port of entry or Border Patrol station does not speak the language of a child in custody at such port of entry or station, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall provide an interpreter. (4) Duties Child welfare professionals described in paragraph (1) shall— (A) ensure that— (i) any allegation of abuse or mistreatment of a child in the custody of U.S. Customs and Border Protection is referred to the appropriate Federal and State authorities; and (ii) the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the Director of the Office of Refugee Resettlement comply with applicable child abuse reporting laws, including by— (I) ensuring that children in such custody have access to applicable complaint mechanisms to report abuse or misconduct; (II) reporting any allegation of abuse or mistreatment to— (aa) the applicable Federal and State authorities; (bb) the Office of Inspector General of the Department; (cc) the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties of the Department; (dd) the Internal Affairs Office of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; and (ee) the Office of Refugee Resettlement; (III) providing notice to federally subcontracted legal service providers in the applicable geographical area with respect to any child in such custody who has made an allegation of abuse or mistreatment; and (IV) directing the legal service providers described in subclause (III) to relevant information relating to the availability of immigration and administrative relief for individuals with pending civil rights complaints; (B) conduct screening of each child in such custody in accordance with section 235(a)(4) of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 ( 8 U.S.C. 1232(a)(4) ); (C) with respect to a child who may meet the notification and transfer requirements under subsections (a) and (b) of section 235 of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 ( 8 U.S.C. 1232 ), including a child for whom a determination cannot be made, notify the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Director of the Office of Refugee Resettlement of the presence of such child at the port of entry or Border Patrol station; (D) provide to the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement a best interest placement recommendation for each accompanied child and family that— (i) considers— (I) the best interests of the child; and (II) applicable law; and (ii) favors a policy of release; (E) interview any adult relative accompanying a child, including siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins; (F) for each unaccompanied alien child in such custody, provide to the Director of the Office of Refugee Resettlement— (i) an initial family relationship and trafficking assessment, which shall be conducted in accordance with the timeframe under subsections (a)(4) and (b)(3) of section 235 of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 ( 8 U.S.C. 1232 ); and (ii) recommendations for the initial placement of the child; (G) pursuant to procedures developed by the Secretary of Homeland Security, maintain the best interests of children in any migration deterrence program for family units carried out at a border, including by— (i) inquiring whether a child is traveling with a parent, sibling, legal guardian, or another family member, including a grandparent, aunt, uncle, or cousin; (ii) ascertaining whether the detention or removal from the United States of an apprehended parent or legal guardian of a child presents a humanitarian concern or a concern relating to the physical safety of the apprehended parent or legal guardian; (iii) in the case of a family separation, ensuring that— (I) each member of the family is provided with a telephone number for each other member of the family; (II) the apprehended parent or legal guardian is afforded the opportunity to speak with the child of the apprehended parent or legal guardian not fewer than 3 times weekly, including not fewer than 1 video conference; (III) for each child of the apprehended parent or legal guardian, the apprehended parent or legal guardian— (aa) knows— (AA) the location of the child; and (BB) the date and location of each scheduled immigration court proceeding of the child; and (bb) is provided with updated information if the location of the child or a scheduled immigration court proceeding of the child changes; (IV) the location and contact information for the apprehended parent or legal guardian is maintained on file; (V) each child has the opportunity to say goodbye to the apprehended parent or legal guardian prior to separation; and (VI) with respect to the health of the child, the apprehended parent or legal guardian— (aa) can communicate known medical illness and medical history to Department of Homeland Security staff prior to separation; and (bb) is made aware of medical treatment administered to the child while in the care of the Office of Refugee resettlement, including the use of psychotropic drugs; and (iv) ensuring that, with respect to a decision relating to the removal from the United States or referral for prosecution of an apprehended parent or legal guardian— (I) consideration is given to— (aa) the best interests of the child of the apprehended parent or legal guardian; (bb) family unity, to the maximum extent possible; and (cc) any other public interest factor, including a humanitarian concern and a concern relating to the physical safety of the apprehended parent or legal guardian; and (II) the apprehended parent or legal guardian and the child have access to legal counsel; and (H) coordinate with the Consulate of Mexico to ensure the safe repatriation of any child who is a citizen of Mexico. (5) Preservation of confidentiality Each child welfare professional shall maintain the privacy and confidentiality of all information gathered in the course of providing care, custody, placement, and follow-up services to a child pursuant to this subsection, consistent with the best interest of the child, by not disclosing such information to other Federal agencies or nonparental third parties unless such disclosure— (A) is in the best interest of the child; (B) is in writing; (C) includes an explanation of the justification for the disclosure; (D) is included in the file of the child; and (E) is either— (i) authorized by the child or an approved sponsor of the child, in accordance with section 235 of the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 ( 8 U.S.C. 1232 ) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ( Public Law 104–191 ; 110 Stat. 1936); or (ii) provided to a duly recognized law enforcement entity to prevent imminent and serious harm to another individual. (e) Prohibition on separation The Secretary of Homeland Security may not remove a child from a parent or legal guardian solely for a purpose as follows: (1) The purpose of furthering the policy objective of deterring individuals from migrating to the United States. (2) The purpose of furthering the policy objective of promoting compliance with the immigration laws. (f) Family unit tracking number (1) In general The Secretary of Homeland Security shall assign a family unit tracking number to each member of an apprehended family unit, including— (A) an apprehended spouse; (B) an apprehended parent or legal guardian; (C) a child of an apprehended parent or legal guardian; and (D) a sibling group. (2) Requirements The Secretary of Homeland Security shall ensure that a family unit tracking number— (A) is transferrable; (B) may be shared easily among the data systems of— (i) U.S. Customs and Border Protection; (ii) U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement; and (iii) the Office of Refugee Resettlement; and (C) is included on the paperwork of each member of an apprehended family unit and is not deleted or altered. (g) Monitoring The Secretary of Homeland Security shall— (1) allow nongovernmental organizations and State and local child welfare agencies in the jurisdiction in which an apprehended child is located to conduct at least 1 unannounced, independent inspection each month of any Department facility that houses 1 or more children; and (2) in consultation with 1 or more child welfare professionals and 1 or more experts in pediatric medicine, develop procedures to provide nongovernmental organizations regular, full access to any facility in which 1 or more children is housed for the purpose of human rights monitoring. (h) Report (1) In general Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, and every fiscal quarter thereafter, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary, the Committee on Oversight and Reform, and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives a report that, for the preceding fiscal quarter— (A) describes the procedures used by child welfare professionals under this section to screen unaccompanied alien children and children accompanied by a parent or legal guardian; (B) assesses the effectiveness of such screenings; (C) includes data on all children screened by child welfare professionals under this section, including— (i) the number and location of children in the physical custody of the Department; (ii) the number of children transferred to the custody of the Secretary of Health and Human Services; (iii) the number of children apprehended together with a parent or legal guardian; (iv) the number of children separated from a parent or legal guardian by the Department and the reason for such separation; and (v) the number of children removed from the United States and the countries of nationality of such children; and (D) includes documentation of— (i) compliance with the guidelines developed pursuant to this section; (ii) instances of noncompliance with such guidelines; and (iii) actions taken to correct noncompliance with such guidelines. (2) Limitation The data under paragraph (1)(C) shall not include the personally identifiable information of any child. (i) Immediate notification To effectively and efficiently coordinate the transfer and placement of a child with the Director of the Office of Refugee Resettlement, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall notify the Director of the Office of Refugee Resettlement with respect to a child in the custody of the Secretary as soon as practicable, but not later than 48 hours after the time at which the Secretary encounters the child. (j) Standards of care for short-Term custody of children (1) In general Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the head of the Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties of the Department, shall promulgate regulations establishing basic standards of care for the short-term custody of children by U.S. Customs and Border Protection. (2) Requirements The regulations promulgated pursuant to paragraph (1) shall ensure that all children in the custody of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, while in such custody— (A) receive emergency medical care when necessary; (B) receive emergency medical and mental health care in compliance with section 8(c) of the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 ( 42 U.S.C. 15607(c) ), as necessary, including in any case in which a child is at risk of harming himself or herself or others; (C) are provided— (i) continual access to potable water; (ii) a climate-appropriate environment; (iii) climate-appropriate clothing and shoes; (iv) access to bathroom facilities and hygiene items, including soap, feminine hygiene products, toothpaste, toothbrushes and towels, and, in the case of any child in such custody for more than 24 hours, showers; (v) a pillow, linens, and sufficient blankets to rest at a comfortable temperature; (vi) in the case of any child in such custody for more than 12 hours, access to a bed and adequate bedding; and (vii) a location to sleep with lights dimmed; (D) both— (i) are offered food at the time at which the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection obtains custody of the child; and (ii) receive adequate nutrition, including not fewer than 3 daily meals that include fruits or vegetables; (E) have a safe and sanitary living environment; (F) in the case of any child in such custody for more than 24 hours, have access to daily recreational programs and activities, including access to recreational time outdoors; (G) have regular access to legal services and consular officials in person and telephonically; and (H) are permitted to make supervised video conference calls, if available, and supervised phone calls to family members. (k) Ensuring children have access to legal rights (1) In general The Secretary of Homeland Security shall ensure that each child, on apprehension, is provided— (A) an interview and screening with a child welfare professional as described in subsection (d); and (B) a video orientation and oral and written notice, in a language understood by the child, of the rights of the child under the Immigration and Nationality Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.), including— (i) the right to relief from removal; (ii) the right to— (I) confer with counsel under section 292 of such Act ( 8 U.S.C. 1362 ); and (II) have access to family or friends while in the temporary custody of the Department; and (iii) the applicable complaint mechanism to report any abuse, mistreatment, or misconduct. (2) Languages The Secretary of Homeland Security shall ensure that, at each location at which 1 or more children are held in custody, the video orientation described in paragraph (1)(B) is available in English and the 5 most common native languages spoken by children held in custody at that location during the preceding fiscal year. (3) Access to legal counsel The Secretary of Homeland Security shall ensure that each apprehended parent or legal guardian and each child is provided access to 1 or more nongovernmental organizations that provide legal assistance. (l) Child protection policies With respect to children, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall adopt fundamental child protection policies and procedures— (1) to make reliable age determinations, developed in consultation with experts in the physiological, cognitive, and emotional development of children and experts in pediatric medicine, which shall exclude the use of fallible forensic testing of the bones and teeth of children; (2) to utilize all legal authorities to defer the child’s removal from the United States of a child who faces a risk of life-threatening harm on return, including harm due to the mental health or medical condition of the child; and (3) to ensure, in accordance with the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 ( 42 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.), that a child in custody of the Secretary of Homeland Security is separated physically, and by sight and sound, from any— (A) immigration detainee or inmate with a criminal conviction; (B) pretrial inmate facing criminal prosecution; and (C) inmate exhibiting violent behavior. (m) Preservation of records The Secretary of Homeland Security shall preserve all records associated with children in the custody of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, including records as follows: (1) Records containing information on the identity of any child, and, if accompanied by any family member, on the identity of such family member. (2) Records associated with reported incidents of abuse of children while in custody. (n) Transfer of funds (1) Authorization The Secretary of Homeland Security, in accordance with a written agreement between the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, to the extent and in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriations Acts, shall transfer from amounts appropriated for U.S. Customs and Border Protection to the Department of Health and Human Services such amounts as may be necessary to carry out the duties described in subsections (c) and (d)(3). (2) Report Not later than 15 days before the date of any proposed transfer under paragraph (1), the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall submit to the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives a detailed expenditure plan that describes the actions proposed to be taken with the amounts transferred under such paragraph. (o) Repatriation and reintegration program (1) Repatriation and reintegration The Administrator of the Agency for International Development, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Attorney General, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations in the United States with expertise in repatriation and reintegration and children, shall establish policies, procedures, and programs in the United States and the country of nationality or last habitual residence of unaccompanied alien children to support the safe and sustainable repatriation and reintegration of unaccompanied alien children into such country, including placement with the families, legal guardians, or other sponsoring agencies of such children. (2) Scope The process described in paragraph (2) shall include— (A) an opportunity for the child to consult with an attorney or legal representative, to pursue all potential claims for relief available, and to seek all available avenues of appeal prior to seeking repatriation; (B) a process for identifying the needs of a child, including the expressed needs of a child, prior to the child’s repatriation, which needs shall be addressed by each agency that maintains custody of the child; (C) the creation of partnerships with community-based organizations that are linguistically and culturally competent; (D) inclusion of the family unit in the process to help the child reintegrate; (E) consultation with child welfare advocates and caseworkers throughout the child’s return to the child’s country of nationality or of last habitual residence; (F) coordination between the caseworkers and child protection agency authorities of the Office of Refugee Resettlement of the Department of Health and Human Services in the country of origin to ensure communication about medical, mental health, and other special needs at the time of return to the child’s country of nationality or of last habitual residence; (G) the provision of a wide variety of services that support the child’s development in the location where the child is repatriated, including access to school, scholarships, and vocational and skills training and apprenticeship opportunities, community programs, and mental and physical health services; (H) procedures that outline safe repatriation to ensure children are not returned under harmful or unsafe circumstances such as during nighttime hours or at times or locations of significant unrest; (I) procedures for when discretion should be exercised by officials maintaining custody of a child when it is not in the child’s best interest to be returned to the child’s country of nationality or of last habitual residence; (J) special considerations to address the particular needs of returning girls, child survivors of sexual and gender-based violence, tender-aged children, or other vulnerable children; (K) consultation with the Office of Refugee Resettlement of the Department of Health and Human Services to ensure staff, children, and parents are notified of the child’s departure from the United States at least 5 days prior to the departure date; (L) procedures to assist parents with the cost and logistics of travel to reception centers to reunify with children; and (M) sufficient consultation with consular offices prior to the child’s departure. (3) Report on repatriation and reintegration of unaccompanied alien children Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives annual reports on efforts to improve repatriation programs for unaccompanied alien children. (4) Sense of congress It is the sense of Congress that— (A) the guidelines established pursuant to this section should not be used to deport or repatriate children who otherwise qualify for protection in the United States, including those who qualify for special immigrant juvenile status; (B) children should have an opportunity to consult with an attorney and should have access to all potential avenues for relief and for appeal prior to repatriation; (C) the guidelines established pursuant to this section are not used to support a migrant deterrence program; (D) officials from the Department of Homeland Security, Department of Health and Human Services, and Department of Justice should not use the guidelines established pursuant to this section to coerce migrant children into repatriation; and (E) under the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008, the Secretary of Homeland Security should consult the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices and the Trafficking in Persons Report of the Department of State in assessing whether to repatriate an unaccompanied child to a particular country. 4. Savings provisions (a) Federal law Nothing in this Act may be construed to supersede or modify— (1) the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2008 ( 8 U.S.C. 1232 et seq.); (2) the Stipulated Settlement Agreement filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California on January 17, 1997 (CV 85–4544–RJK) (commonly known as the Flores Settlement Agreement ); (3) the Homeland Security Act of 2002 ( 6 U.S.C. 101 et seq.); or (4) any applicable Federal child welfare law, including the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 ( Public Law 105–89 ). (b) State law Nothing in this Act may be construed to supersede or modify any applicable State child welfare laws.