II 115th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 623 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES March 14, 2017 Mr. Rubio (for himself and Mr. Durbin ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations A BILL To enhance the transparency and accelerate the impact of assistance provided under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to promote quality basic education in developing countries, to better enable such countries to achieve universal access to quality basic education and improved learning outcomes, to eliminate duplication and waste, and for other purposes.

1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Reinforcing Education Accountability in Development Act or the READ Act . (b) Table of contents The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. Sec. 3. Assistance to promote sustainable, quality basic education. Sec. 4. Comprehensive integrated United States strategy to promote basic education. Sec. 5. Improving coordination and oversight. Sec. 6. Monitoring and evaluation of programs. Sec. 7. Transparency and reporting to Congress. 2. Definitions (a) Appropriate congressional committees In this Act, the term appropriate congressional committees means— (1) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate ; (2) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate ; (3) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives ; and (4) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives . (b) Other definitions In this Act, the terms basic education , marginalized children and vulnerable groups , national education plan , partner country , and relevant Executive branch agencies and officials have the meanings given such terms in section 105(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as added by section 3. 3. Assistance to promote sustainable, quality basic education Section 105 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 ( 22 U.S.C. 2151c ) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (c) Assistance To promote sustainable, quality basic education (1) Definitions In this subsection: (A) Basic education The term basic education includes— (i) measurable improvements in literacy, numeracy, and other basic skills development that prepare an individual to be an active, productive member of society and the workforce; (ii) workforce development, vocational training, and digital literacy informed by real market needs and opportunities and that results in measurable improvements in employment; (iii) programs and activities designed to demonstrably improve— (I) early childhood, preprimary education, primary education, and secondary education, which can be delivered in formal or nonformal education settings; and (II) learning for out-of-school youth and adults; and (iv) capacity building for teachers, administrators, counselors, and youth workers that results in measurable improvements in student literacy, numeracy, or employment. (B) Communities of learning The term communities of learning means a holistic approach to education and community engagement in which schools act as the primary resource center for delivery of a service to the community at large, leveraging and maximizing the impact of other development efforts and reducing duplication and waste. (C) Gender parity in basic education The term gender parity in basic education means that girls and boys have equal access to quality basic education. (D) Marginalized children and vulnerable groups The term marginalized children and vulnerable groups includes girls, children affected by or emerging from armed conflict or humanitarian crises, children with disabilities, children in remote or rural areas (including those who lack access to safe water and sanitation), religious or ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, orphans and children affected by HIV/AIDS, child laborers, married adolescents, and victims of trafficking. (E) National education plan The term national education plan means a comprehensive national education plan developed by partner country governments in consultation with other stakeholders as a means for wide-scale improvement of the country’s education system, including explicit, credible strategies informed by effective practices and standards to achieve quality universal basic education. (F) Nonformal education The term nonformal education means organized educational activities outside the established formal system, whether operating separately or as an important feature of a broader activity, that are intended to provide students with measurable improvements in literacy, numeracy, and other basic skills development that prepare an individual to be an active, productive member of society and the workforce. (G) Partner country The term partner country means a developing country that participates in or benefits from basic education programs under this subsection pursuant to the prioritization criteria described in paragraph (4), including level of need, opportunity for impact, and the availability of resources. (H) Relevant executive branch agencies and officials The term relevant Executive branch agencies and officials means the Department of State, the United States Agency for International Development, the Department of the Treasury, the Department of Labor, the Department of Education, the Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Defense, the Chief Executive Officer of the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the National Security Advisor, and the Director of the Peace Corps. (I) Sustainability The term sustainability means, with respect to any basic education program that receives funding pursuant to this section, the ability of a service delivery system, community, partner, or beneficiary to maintain, over time, such basic education program without the use of foreign assistance. (2) Policy In carrying out this section, it shall be the policy of the United States to work with partner countries, as appropriate, other donors, multilateral institutions, the private sector, and nongovernmental and civil society organizations, including faith-based organizations and organizations that represent teachers, students, and parents, to promote sustainable, quality basic education through programs and activities that— (A) take into consideration and help respond to the needs, capacities, and commitment of developing countries to achieve measurable improvements in literacy, numeracy, and other basic skills development that prepare an individual to be an active, productive member of society and the workforce; (B) strengthen educational systems, promote communities of learning, as appropriate, expand access to safe learning environments, including by breaking down specific barriers to basic education for women and girls, ensure continuity of education, including in conflict settings, measurably improve teacher skills and learning outcomes, and support the engagement of parents in the education of their children to help partner countries ensure that all children, including marginalized children and other vulnerable groups, have access to and benefit from quality basic education; (C) promote education as a foundation for sustained economic growth and development within a comprehensive assistance strategy that places partner countries on a trajectory toward graduation from assistance provided under this section with clearly defined benchmarks of success that are used as requirements for related procurement vehicles, such as grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements; and (D) monitor and evaluate the effectiveness and quality of basic education programs in partner countries. (3) Principles In carrying out the policy referred to in paragraph (2), the United States shall be guided by the following principles of aid effectiveness: (A) Alignment Assistance provided under this section to support programs and activities under this subsection shall be aligned with and advance United States foreign policy and economic interests. (B) Country ownership To the greatest extent practicable, assistance provided under this section to support programs and activities under this subsection should be aligned with and support the national education plans and country development strategies of partner countries, including activities that are appropriate for and meet the needs of local and indigenous cultures. (C) Coordination (i) In general Assistance provided under this section to support programs and activities under this subsection should be coordinated with and leverage the unique capabilities and resources of local and national governments in partner countries, other donors, multilateral institutions, the private sector, and nongovernmental and civil society organizations, including faith-based organizations and organizations that represent teachers, students, and parents. (ii) Multilateral programs and initiatives Assistance provided under this section to support programs and activities under this subsection should be coordinated with and support proven multilateral education programs and financing mechanisms, which may include the Global Partnership for Education, that demonstrate commitment to efficiency, effectiveness, transparency, and accountability. (D) Efficiency The President shall seek to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of assistance provided under this section to support programs and activities under this subsection by coordinating the related efforts of relevant Executive branch agencies and officials. (E) Effectiveness Programs and activities supported under this subsection— (i) shall be consistent with the policies and principles set forth in this subsection; (ii) shall be designed to achieve specific, measurable goals and objectives that are directly related to the provision of basic education (as defined in this section); and (iii) shall include appropriate targets, metrics, and indicators that— (I) move a country along the path to graduation from assistance provided under this subsection; and (II) can be applied with reasonable consistency across such programs and activities to measure progress and outcomes. (F) Transparency and accountability Programs and activities supported under this subsection shall be subject to rigorous monitoring and evaluation, which may include impact evaluations, the results of which shall be made publically available in a fully searchable, electronic format. (4) Priority and other requirements The President shall ensure that assistance provided under this section to support programs and activities under this subsection is aligned with the foreign policy and economic interests of the United States and, subject to such alignment, priority is given to developing countries in which— (A) there is the greatest need and opportunity to expand access to basic education and to improve learning outcomes, including for marginalized and vulnerable groups, particularly women and girls to ensure gender parity in basic education, or populations affected by conflict or crisis; and (B) such assistance can produce a substantial, measurable impact on children and educational systems. . 4. Comprehensive integrated United States strategy to promote basic education (a) Strategy required Not later than October 1, 2017, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a comprehensive United States strategy to be carried out during fiscal years 2018 through 2022 to promote quality basic education in partner countries by— (1) seeking to equitably expand access to basic education for all children, particularly marginalized children and vulnerable groups; and (2) measurably improving the quality of basic education and learning outcomes. (b) Requirement To consult In developing the strategy required under subsection (a), the President shall consult with— (1) the appropriate congressional committees; (2) relevant Executive branch agencies and officials; (3) partner country governments; and (4) local and international nongovernmental organizations, including faith-based organizations and organizations representing students, teachers, and parents, and other development partners engaged in basic education assistance programs in developing countries. (c) Public comment The President shall provide an opportunity for public comment on the strategy required under subsection (a). (d) Elements The strategy required under subsection (a)— (1) shall be developed and implemented consistent with the principles set forth in section 105(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as added by section 3; and (2) shall seek— (A) to prioritize assistance provided under this subsection to countries that are partners of the United States and whose populations are most in need of improved basic education, as determined by indicators such as literacy and numeracy rates; (B) to build the capacity of relevant actors in partner countries, including in government and in civil society, to develop and implement national education plans that measurably improve basic education; (C) to identify and replicate successful interventions that improve access to and quality of basic education in conflict settings and in partner countries; (D) to project general levels of resources needed to achieve stated program objectives; (E) to develop means to track implementation in partner countries and ensure that such countries are expending appropriate domestic resources and instituting any relevant legal, regulatory, or institutional reforms needed to achieve stated program objectives; (F) to leverage United States capabilities, including through technical assistance, training, and research; and (G) to improve coordination and reduce duplication among relevant Executive branch agencies and officials, other donors, multilateral institutions, nongovernmental organizations, and governments in partner countries. 5. Improving coordination and oversight (a) Senior Coordinator of United States International Basic Education Assistance There is established within the United States Agency for International Development a Senior Coordinator of United States International Basic Education Assistance (referred to in this section as the Senior Coordinator ). The Senior Coordinator shall be appointed by the President, shall be a current USAID employee serving in a career or noncareer position in the Senior Executive Service or at the level of a Deputy Assistant Administrator or higher, and shall serve concurrently as the Senior Coordinator. (b) Duties (1) In general The Senior Coordinator shall have primary responsibility for the oversight and coordination of all resources and activities of the United States Government relating to the promotion of international basic education programs and activities. (2) Specific duties The Senior Coordinator shall— (A) facilitate program and policy coordination of international basic education programs and activities among relevant Executive branch agencies and officials, partner governments, multilateral institutions, the private sector, and nongovernmental and civil society organizations; (B) develop and revise the strategy required under section 4; (C) monitor, evaluate, and report on activities undertaken pursuant to the strategy required under section 4; and (D) establish due diligence criteria for all recipients of funds provided by the United States to carry out activities under this Act and the amendments made by this Act. (c) Offset In order to eliminate duplication of effort and activities and to offset any costs incurred by the United States Agency for International Development in appointing the Senior Coordinator under subsection (a), the President shall, after consulting with appropriate congressional committees, eliminate a position within the United States Agency for International Development (unless otherwise authorized or required by law) that the President determines to be necessary to fully offset such costs and eliminate duplication. 6. Monitoring and evaluation of programs The President shall seek to ensure that programs carried out under the strategy required under section 4 shall— (1) apply rigorous monitoring and evaluation methodologies to determine if programs and activities provided under this subsection accomplish measurable improvements in literacy, numeracy, or other basic skills development that prepare an individual to be an active, productive member of society and the workforce; (2) include methodological guidance in the implementation plan and support systemic data collection using internationally comparable indicators, norms, and methodologies, to the extent practicable and appropriate; (3) disaggregate all data collected and reported by age, gender, marital status, disability, and location, to the extent practicable and appropriate; (4) include funding for both short- and long-term monitoring and evaluation to enable assessment of the sustainability and scalability of assistance programs; and (5) support the increased use and public availability of education data for improved decisionmaking, program effectiveness, and monitoring of global progress. 7. Transparency and reporting to Congress (a) Annual report on the implementation of strategy Not later than each March 31 immediately following a fiscal year during which the strategy developed pursuant to section 4(a) was carried out, the President shall— (1) submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes the implementation of such strategy; and (2) make the report described in paragraph (1) available to the public. (b) Matters To be included The report required under subsection (a) shall include— (1) a description of the efforts made by relevant Executive branch agencies and officials to implement the strategy developed pursuant to section 4, with a particular focus on the activities carried out under the strategy; (2) a description of the extent to which each partner country selected to receive assistance for basic education meets the priority criteria specified in section 105(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as added by section 3; and (3) a description of the progress achieved over the reporting period toward meeting the goals, objectives, benchmarks, and timeframes specified in the strategy developed pursuant to section 4 at the program level, as developed pursuant to monitoring and evaluation specified in section 6, with particular emphasis on whether there are demonstrable student improvements in literacy, numeracy, or other basic skills development that prepare an individual to be an active, productive member of society and the workforce.