II Calendar No. 393 115th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 2644 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES April 11, 2018 Mr. Graham (for himself, Mr. Coons , Mr. Tillis , and Mr. Booker ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary April 26, 2018 Reported by Mr. Grassley , with an amendment Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic A BILL To ensure independent investigations and judicial review of the removal of a special counsel, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Special Counsel Independence and Integrity Act . 2. Limitation on removal of special counsel (a) In general A special counsel appointed by the Attorney General, or any other official appointed by the Attorney General who exercises a similar degree of independence from the normal Department of Justice chain of command, may be removed from office only by the personal action of an Attorney General who has been confirmed by the Senate, or, if the Attorney General is recused from the matter, the most senior Department of Justice official who has been confirmed by the Senate and is not recused from the matter. (b) Removal for cause A special counsel or other appointed official described in subsection (a) may be removed only for misconduct, dereliction of duty, incapacity, conflict of interest, or other good cause, including violation of policies of the Department of Justice. (c) Notice of removal (1) In general The Attorney General or other Department of Justice official described in subsection (a), as the case may be, shall provide written notice to the special counsel or other appointed official described in subsection (a) of the specific reason or reasons for the removal. (2) Effective date of removal Except as provided in subsection (e), removal under this section shall become effective on the date that is 10 days after the date on which the written notice was provided under paragraph (1). (d) Timing Not later than 10 days after the date on which written notice was provided under subsection (c)(1), the special counsel or other appointed official described in subsection (a), as the case may be, may file an action challenging the removal in accordance with subsection (e). (e) Review (1) In general An individual that received written notice under subsection (c)(1) may file an action in accordance with paragraph (2) that the removal was in violation of this Act. (2) Requirements Any action filed under this subsection shall be heard and determined by a court of 3 judges not later than 14 days after the date on which the action is filed in accordance with the provisions of section 2284 of title 28, United States Code, and any appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court. (3) Relief If a court determines that the removal of the individual who filed an action under this subsection violates this Act, the removal shall not take effect. The court may also provide other appropriate relief. (4) Status during proceedings (A) In general At the request of the individual who filed an action under this subsection, the court shall determine whether the individual shall remain in office during the pendency of the action described in paragraph (2). (B) Preservation of materials During the pendency of an action filed under this subsection, the staff, documents, and materials of the special counsel or other appointed official described in subsection (a) shall be preserved. (C) Limitation During the pendency of an action filed under this subsection, a replacement for the special counsel or other appointed official described in subsection (a) who is challenging the removal shall not be designated. (f) Effective date This Act shall apply to any special counsel or other appointed official described in subsection (a) appointed on or after January 1, 2017. (g) Severability If any provision of this Act or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance is held to be invalid or unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act and the application of the provisions of this Act to any person or circumstance shall remain and shall not be affected thereby.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Special Counsel Independence and Integrity Act . 2. Department of Justice Special Counsel (a) In general Part II of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 40A the following: 40B Special Counsel Sec. 599K–1. Grounds for appointing a Special Counsel. 599K–2. Alternatives available to the Attorney General. 599K–3. Qualifications of the Special Counsel. 599K–4. Jurisdiction. 599K–5. Staff. 599K–6. Powers and authority. 599K–7. Conduct and accountability generally. 599K–8. Limitation on removal of Special Counsel and certain other officials. 599K–9. Notification and reports by the Special Counsel. 599K–10. Notification and reports by the Attorney General. 599K–11. No creation of rights. 599K–1. Grounds for appointing a Special Counsel (a) In general The Attorney General shall appoint a Special Counsel if the Attorney General determines that— (1) criminal investigation of a person or matter is warranted; (2) investigation or prosecution of the person or matter described in paragraph (1) by the office of a United States attorney or litigating Division of the Department of Justice (in this chapter referred to as the Department ) would present a conflict of interest for the Department or other extraordinary circumstances; and (3) under the circumstances, it would be in the public interest to appoint an outside Special Counsel to assume responsibility for the matter. (b) Recusal The Attorney General who has been confirmed to that position by the Senate or, in the case of the vacancy, absence, disability, or recusal of the Attorney General, the most senior Senate-confirmed officer of the Department listed in section 508 who is not recused from the matter shall exercise the authority under this chapter. 599K–2. Alternatives available to the Attorney General (a) In general When matters are brought to the attention of the Attorney General that might warrant consideration of appointment of a Special Counsel, the Attorney General may— (1) appoint a Special Counsel in accordance with this chapter; (2) direct that an initial investigation, consisting of such factual inquiry or legal research as the Attorney General determines appropriate, be conducted in order to better inform the decision; or (3) conclude that under the circumstances of the matter, the public interest would not be served by removing the investigation from the normal processes of the Department, and that the appropriate component of the Department should handle the matter. (b) Additional direction If the Attorney General reaches a conclusion described in subsection (a)(3), the Attorney General may direct that appropriate steps be taken to mitigate any conflicts of interest, such as recusal of particular officials. 599K–3. Qualifications of the Special Counsel (a) In general An individual named as Special Counsel under this chapter shall be— (1) a lawyer with a reputation for integrity and impartial decisionmaking, and with appropriate experience to ensure both that the investigation will be conducted ably, expeditiously, and thoroughly, and that investigative and prosecutorial decisions will be supported by an informed understanding of the criminal law and Department policies; and (2) selected from outside the United States Government. (b) Priority of investigation An individual named as Special Counsel under this chapter shall agree that the responsibilities of the individual as Special Counsel shall take first precedence in the professional life of the individual, and that it may be necessary to work full time on the investigation, depending on the complexity of the investigation and the stage of the investigation. (c) Appointment method (1) In general The Attorney General shall consult with the Assistant Attorney General for Administration to ensure an appropriate method of appointment, and to ensure that a Special Counsel undergoes an appropriate background investigation and a detailed review of ethics and conflicts of interest issues. (2) Confidential employee A Special Counsel shall be appointed as a confidential employee, as described in section 7511(b)(2)(C) of title 5. 599K–4. Jurisdiction (a) Original jurisdiction (1) In general The jurisdiction of a Special Counsel appointed under this chapter shall be established by the Attorney General, and shall include the authority to investigate and prosecute Federal crimes committed in the course of, and with intent to interfere with, the Special Counsel’s investigation, such as perjury, obstruction of justice, destruction of evidence, and intimidation of witnesses, and to conduct appeals arising out of the matter being investigated or prosecuted. (2) Statement of the matter to be investigated The Special Counsel shall be provided with a specific factual statement of the matter to be investigated. (b) Additional jurisdiction If in the course of the investigation by a Special Counsel appointed under this chapter, the Special Counsel concludes that additional jurisdiction beyond that specified in the original jurisdiction is necessary in order to fully investigate and resolve the matters assigned, or to investigate new matters that come to light in the course of the investigation, the Special Counsel shall consult with the Attorney General, who shall determine whether to include the additional matters within the jurisdiction of the Special Counsel or assign them elsewhere. (c) Civil and administrative jurisdiction (1) In general If in the course of an investigation by a Special Counsel appointed under this chapter, the Special Counsel determines that administrative remedies, civil sanctions, or other governmental action outside the criminal justice system might be appropriate, the Special Counsel shall consult with the Attorney General with respect to the appropriate component to take any necessary action. (2) Limitation A Special Counsel appointed under this chapter shall not have civil or administrative authority unless specifically granted such jurisdiction by the Attorney General. 599K–5. Staff (a) In general A Special Counsel appointed under this chapter may request the assignment of appropriate personnel of the Department to assist the Special Counsel. The Department shall gather and provide the Special Counsel with the names and resumes of appropriate personnel available for detail. The Special Counsel may also request the detail of specific personnel, and the office for which the designated personnel work shall make reasonable efforts to accommodate the request. (b) Assignment of duties A Special Counsel appointed under this chapter shall assign the duties and supervise the work of personnel while they are assigned to the Special Counsel. (c) Hiring of additional personnel If necessary, a Special Counsel appointed under this chapter may request that additional personnel be hired or assigned from outside the Department. (d) Cooperation All personnel in the Department shall cooperate to the fullest extent possible with a Special Counsel appointed under this chapter. 599K–6. Powers and authority (a) In general Subject to the limitations of this chapter, a Special Counsel appointed under this chapter shall exercise, within the scope of the jurisdiction of the Special Counsel, the full power and independent authority to exercise all investigative and prosecutorial functions of any United States attorney. (b) Special Counsel discretion Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a Special Counsel appointed under this chapter shall determine whether and to what extent to inform or consult with the Attorney General or others within the Department about the conduct of the duties and responsibilities of the Special Counsel. 599K–7. Conduct and accountability generally (a) In general A Special Counsel appointed under this chapter shall— (1) comply with the rules, regulations, procedures, practices, and policies of the Department; and (2) consult with appropriate offices within the Department for guidance with respect to established practices, policies, and procedures of the Department, including ethics and security regulations and procedures. (b) Extraordinary circumstances If a Special Counsel appointed under this chapter determines that the extraordinary circumstances of any particular decision would render compliance with required review and approval procedures by the designated departmental component inappropriate, the Special Counsel may consult directly with the Attorney General. (c) Limitation on supervision (1) In general A Special Counsel appointed under this chapter shall not be subject to the day-to-day supervision of any official of the Department, except that the Attorney General may request that the Special Counsel provide an explanation for any investigative or prosecutorial step, and may after review conclude that the action is so inappropriate or unwarranted under established practices of the Department that it should not be pursued. (2) Review In conducting a review described in paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall give great weight to the views of the Special Counsel. If the Attorney General concludes that a proposed action by a Special Counsel should not be pursued, the Attorney General shall notify Congress in accordance with section 599K–10(a)(3). (d) Disciplinary action for misconduct A Special Counsel appointed under this chapter, and any staff of the Special Counsel, shall be subject to disciplinary action for misconduct and breach of ethical duties under the same standards and to the same extent as are other employees of the Department. Inquiries into such matters shall be handled through the appropriate office of the Department upon the approval of the Attorney General. 599K–8. Limitation on removal of Special Counsel and certain other officials (a) In general A Special Counsel appointed under this chapter, or any other official appointed by the Attorney General who exercises a similar degree of independence from the normal chain of command of the Department, may be removed from office only by the personal action of an Attorney General who has been confirmed to that position by the Senate, or the most senior Senate-confirmed officer of the Department listed in section 508 who is not recused from the matter. (b) Removal for cause A Special Counsel or other appointed official described in subsection (a) may be removed only for misconduct, dereliction of duty, incapacity, conflict of interest, or other good cause, including violation of policies of the Department. (c) Notice of removal (1) In general The Attorney General or other Department official described in subsection (a), as the case may be, shall provide written notice to the Special Counsel or other appointed official described in subsection (a) of the specific reason or reasons for the removal. (2) Effective date of removal Except as provided in subsection (e), removal under this section shall become effective on the date that is 10 days after the date on which the written notice was provided under paragraph (1). (d) Timing Not later than 10 days after the date on which written notice was provided under subsection (c)(1), the Special Counsel or other appointed official described in subsection (a), as the case may be, may file an action in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia challenging the removal in accordance with subsection (e). (e) Review (1) In general An individual that received written notice under subsection (c)(1) may file an action in accordance with paragraph (2) that the removal was in violation of this chapter. (2) Requirements Any action filed under this subsection shall be heard and determined by a court of 3 judges not later than 14 days after the date on which the action is filed in accordance with the provisions of section 2284, and an appeal of any final decision shall lie to the Supreme Court. (3) Relief If a court determines that the removal of the individual who filed an action under this subsection violates this chapter, the removal shall not take effect. The court may also provide other appropriate relief. (4) Status during proceedings (A) In general At the request of the individual who filed an action under this subsection, the court shall determine whether the individual shall remain in office during the pendency of the action described in paragraph (2). If an individual makes such a request, the court shall order that the effective date of the removal shall be stayed until the court rules on the request. (B) Preservation of materials During the pendency of an action filed under this subsection, the personnel, documents, and materials of the Special Counsel or other appointed official described in subsection (a) shall be preserved. (C) Limitation During the pendency of an action filed under this subsection, a replacement for the Special Counsel or other appointed official described in subsection (a) who is challenging the removal shall not be designated. 599K–9. Notification and reports by the Special Counsel (a) Budget (1) In general A Special Counsel appointed under this chapter shall be provided all appropriate resources by the Department. (2) Proposed budget Not later than 60 days after the date on which a Special Counsel is appointed under this chapter, the Special Counsel shall develop a proposed budget for the current fiscal year with the assistance of the Justice Management Division for review and approval by the Attorney General. (3) Establishment of budget Based on a proposal developed under paragraph (2), the Attorney General shall establish a budget for the operations of the Special Counsel, which shall include a request for assignment of personnel, with a description of the qualifications needed. (4) Additional budget requests After a budget has been established under paragraph (3), the Special Counsel shall, not later than 90 days before the beginning of each fiscal year, report to the Attorney General the status of the investigation, and provide a budget request for the following fiscal year. The Attorney General shall determine whether the investigation should continue and, if so, establish the budget for the next fiscal year. (b) Notification of significant events A Special Counsel appointed under this chapter shall notify the Attorney General of events in the course of the investigation by the Special Counsel in conformity with the guidelines of the Department with respect to Urgent Reports. (c) Closing documentation (1) In general At the conclusion of the work of a Special Counsel appointed under this chapter, the Special Counsel shall submit to the Attorney General, the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member of the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, and the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member of the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report detailing the factual findings of the investigation and explaining the prosecution or declination decisions reached by the Special Counsel. If the Attorney General granted or denied a request from the Special Counsel to change the Special Counsel’s jurisdiction under section 599K–4(b), that information shall be included. (2) Information required The report submitted under paragraph (1) shall include information regarding significant prosecutorial decisions and significant expenditures by the Office of the Special Counsel. 599K–10. Notification and reports by the Attorney General (a) In general If the Attorney General appoints a Special Counsel under this chapter, the Attorney General shall submit to the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member of the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member of the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a written notification, with a report explaining— (1) the appointment of the Special Counsel; (2) the intent of the Attorney General to remove the Special Counsel; and (3) after the conclusion of the investigation of the Special Counsel, to the extent consistent with applicable law, any instance in which the Attorney General concluded that a proposed action by a Special Counsel was so inappropriate or unwarranted under established Departmental practices that it should not be pursued. (b) Notice of appointment A notification and report under subsection (a)(1) shall— (1) be submitted on the date on which the Special Counsel is appointed; and (2) include— (A) the factual basis necessitating the appointment of the Special Counsel, including a description of any effort made before appointing the Special Counsel to mitigate potential conflicts of interests of relevant individuals or within relevant components; and (B) a specific factual statement of the matter to be investigated. (c) Notice of removal A notification and report under subsection (a)(2) shall— (1) be submitted not later than 30 days before the date on which notice is provided to the Special Counsel under section 599K–8(c)(1); and (2) include the reasons for the removal. 599K–11. No creation of rights Except as provided in section 599K–8, this chapter shall not be construed to create any rights, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or equity, by any person or entity, in any matter, civil, criminal, or administrative. . (b) Table of chapters The table of chapters for part II of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to chapter 40A the following: 40B. Special Counsel 599K–1 . (c) Application to existing Special Counsel (1) In general For purposes of applying chapter 40B of title 28, United States Code, as added by this Act, to a Special Counsel who is subject to any provision of part 600 of title 28, Code of Federal Regulations, and who is serving as a Special Counsel on the date of enactment of this Act— (A) in addition to the authority under which the Special Counsel was originally appointed, the Special Counsel shall be deemed to be a Special Counsel appointed under such chapter 40B; and (B) such chapter 40B shall apply for purposes of any action described in such chapter 40B by or with respect to the Special Counsel taken on after the date of enactment of this Act (including removing the Special Counsel from office). (2) Removal before enactment (A) In general Section 599K–8 of title 28, United States Code, as added by this Act, shall apply with respect to an individual who was— (i) appointed as a Special Counsel after January 1, 2017; (ii) subject to any provision of part 600 of title 28, Code of Federal Regulations; and (iii) removed from office before the date of enactment of this Act. (B) Implementation If there is a Special Counsel who is described in subparagraph (A)— (i) not later than 10 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall provide written notice relating to the removal— (I) to the Special Counsel, that provides the information required under section 599K–8(c)(1) of title 28, United States Code, as added by this Act; and (II) to the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member of the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member of the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives, that provides the information required under section 599K–10(c)(2) of such title; (ii) not later than 10 days after the date on which written notice is provided under clause (i)(I), the Special Counsel may file an action challenging the removal in accordance with section 599K–8(e) of such title; (iii) in an action filed under clause (ii), the court shall determine whether the removal of the Special Counsel meets the requirements for removal under subsections (a), (b), and (c)(1) of section 599K–8 of such title; and (iv) if a court determines that the removal of the individual who filed an action under clause (ii) violates a requirement described in clause (iii), the court may order reinstatement or provide other appropriate relief. (d) Severability If any provision of this Act, or an amendment made by this Act, or the application of such provision or amendment to any person or circumstance is held to be invalid or unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act, and the amendments made by this Act, and the application of such provisions and amendments to any person or circumstance shall remain and shall not be affected thereby.

April 26, 2018 Reported with an amendment