II 114th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 3145 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES July 7, 2016 Mr. Booker introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary A BILL To amend title 18, United States Code, to establish a corporation to advocate on behalf of individuals in noncapital criminal cases before the Supreme Court of the United States, and for other purposes.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the Clarence Gideon Full Access to Justice Act or the Gideon Act . 2. Defender Office for Supreme Court Advocacy (a) In general Chapter 201 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after section 3006A the following: 3006B. Defender Office for Supreme Court Advocacy (a) Definitions In this section— (1) the term Board means the Board of Directors established under subsection (d) for the Office; (2) the term consult includes, with respect to covered cases— (A) giving advice; (B) drafting or editing briefs; (C) providing assistance with moot courts; and (D) organizing or coordinating the drafting, editing, and filing of amicus curiae briefs; (3) the term covered case means a noncapital case involving an issue of Federal criminal statutory or constitutional law; (4) the term Director means the Director of the Office selected in accordance with subsection (e); and (5) the term Office means the Defender Office for Supreme Court Advocacy established under subsection (b). (b) Establishment; purposes There is established in the District of Columbia a private nonmembership nonprofit corporation, which shall be known as the Defender Office for Supreme Court Advocacy, for the purpose of— (1) advocating on behalf of individuals in covered cases before— (A) the Supreme Court of the United States; and (B) when resources permit, the highest court of a State; and (2) providing assistance to attorneys advocating on behalf of individuals in covered cases described in paragraph (1). (c) Principal office The Office shall maintain its principal office in the District of Columbia. (d) Board of Directors (1) In general The Office shall have a Board of Directors consisting of 18 voting members— (A) 6 of whom shall be Federal Public Defenders or Executive Directors of Community Defender Organizations described in section 3006A, elected by the Federal Public Defenders and the Executive Directors of Community Defender Organizations in each district; (B) 6 of whom shall be attorneys from a panel described in section 3006A(b), elected by the panel attorney district representatives; and (C) 6 of whom shall be State or local public defenders from geographically diverse States, who shall be elected by the individuals elected under subparagraphs (A) and (B) not later than 6 months after the date of the first meeting of the Board. (2) Staggered terms (A) In general A member of the Board shall serve a term of 4 years, except that the first members elected to the Board under subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) shall be divided into Class A and Class B. (B) Classes Class A and Class B shall each consist of— (i) 3 members elected under paragraph (1)(A); and (ii) 3 members elected under paragraph (1)(B). (C) Terms (i) Initial terms For the initial members of the Board— (I) members of Class A shall serve a term of 2 years; (II) members of Class B shall serve a term of 4 years; and (III) members elected under paragraph (1)(C) shall serve a term of 4 years. (ii) Subsequent terms All subsequent terms shall be for a term of 4 years. (D) Membership of each class The membership of each class shall be determined by the members of the Board at the first meeting of the Board of Directors. (E) Vacancies Interim elections may be held to fill any vacancies. (3) Bylaws The Board shall establish bylaws to govern the operations of the Office. (e) Director (1) In general The Board of Directors shall appoint a Director for the Office. (2) Requirement The Director appointed under paragraph (1) shall not be a member of the Board of Directors. (f) General requirements for Director The Director shall be learned and experienced in the law applicable to Federal criminal appellate practice. (g) Functions of the Office (1) Grants of petitions for writs of certiorari in the Supreme Court of the United States (A) In general On the granting of a petition for a writ of certiorari by the Supreme Court of the United States in a covered case, the Office shall— (i) consult with any counsel in a covered case in which the defendant was previously represented by counsel appointed under section 3006A; and (ii) when resources permit, be available to consult with counsel in any other covered case. (B) Arguing case In any covered case, an attorney described in clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A) may— (i) advocate on behalf of an individual before the Supreme Court of the United States; or (ii) permit the Office to advocate on behalf of an individual before the Supreme Court of the United States. (2) Filing of amicus curiae briefs The Office may file an amicus curiae brief— (A) in any covered case in the Supreme Court of the United States; and (B) when resources permit, in a covered case in the highest courts of States. (3) Call for the views of the Office; leave to participate in oral argument In any covered case— (A) upon request by the Supreme Court of the United States— (i) the Office may provide the views of the Office on the covered case; and (ii) an employee of the Office may participate in oral argument as amicus curiae; and (B) upon request by the highest court of a State, and when resources permit— (i) the Office may provide the views of the Office on the covered case; and (ii) an employee of the Office may participate in oral argument as amicus curiae. (4) Monitoring court decisions and filing petitions for certiorari The Office may— (A) monitor issues in covered cases— (i) on which the courts of appeals of the United States are divided; or (ii) that involve significant Federal criminal statutory or constitutional issues; and (B) draft, edit, and file a petition for certiorari in the Supreme Court of the United States on behalf of an individual seeking review by the Supreme Court of the United States of a covered case. (5) Training The Office may provide training to carry out the purpose and functions of the Office. (6) Other functions In addition to the functions described in paragraphs (1) through (5), the Director may allocate any funds made available to the Office for any other function that the Director determines is necessary to carry out the purposes of the Office, including, when resources permit, advocacy in a covered case before the highest court of a State. (h) Employees The Director, subject to general policies established by the Office, has the authority to appoint and remove such employees of the Office as the Director determines necessary to carry out the purposes of the Office. . (b) Technical and conforming amendment The table of sections for chapter 201 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 3006A the following: 3006B. Defender Office for Supreme Court Advocacy. .