II 114th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 2056 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES September 17, 2015 Ms. Murkowski (for herself and Ms. Cantwell ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources A BILL To provide for the establishment of the National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System.

1. Short title This Act may be cited as the National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System Act . 2. Findings Congress finds that— (1) the United States and the territories of the United States contain 169 hazardous volcanoes; (2) since 1980, eruptions have claimed many lives and cost billions of dollars in property damage in the United States; (3) ash eruptions pose a hazard to high-flying jet aircraft, including the more than 50,000 passengers who travel on jets over Alaska and the North Pacific every day; (4) in 1989, an eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, caused in-flight failure of all 4 engines of a passenger Boeing 747 aircraft; (5) international flights over the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and the intense domestic air traffic of the Pacific Northwest also face potential engine failure in the event of an eruption; (6) mudflows from ice-clad Cascade volcanoes of the States of Washington, Oregon, and California pose a serious hazard to cities and transportation arteries in the Pacific Northwest; (7) lava flows, toxic gas emissions, and explosions impact residents and visitors to the State of Hawaii and have the potential to cause catastrophic property damage; (8) frequent seismic unrest requires careful monitoring in the Mammoth Lakes area of the State of California and Yellowstone National Park in the States of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho; (9) modern technology, in the form of geophysical monitoring networks on the ground and the use of near-real time satellite data, makes possible early warnings typically weeks or months before eruptions, giving emergency response agencies and the public time to prepare, which minimizes potential damage to property and loss of life; (10) the efficacy of monitoring is being demonstrated by— (A) the successful forecasts and warnings of Augustine Volcano in 1986 and 2006, Redoubt Volcano in 1989 through 1990 and 2009, and Mt. Spurr in 1992; and (B) warnings and forecasts of lava flow advancement in Hawaii during the ongoing eruption of Kilauea; (11) the United States Geological Survey and university and State partners of the United States Geological Survey operate— (A) the Alaska Volcano Observatory located in Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska; (B) the Cascades Volcano Observatory located in Vancouver, Washington; (C) the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory located in Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii; (D) the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory located in Yellowstone National Park in the State of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho; and (E) the California Volcano Observatory, located in Menlo Park, California; and (12) a detailed survey of the volcanoes in the United States and the monitoring status of those volcanoes has revealed numerous serious monitoring gaps, leaving the United States exposed to preventable damage from large volcanic eruptions. 3. Definitions In this Act: (1) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Director of the United States Geological Survey. (2) System The term System means the National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System established under section 4(a)(1). 4. National volcano early warning and monitoring system (a) Establishment (1) In general The Secretary shall establish within the United States Geological Survey a system, to be known as the National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System , to monitor, warn, and protect citizens of the United States from undue and avoidable harm from volcanic activity. (2) Purposes The purposes of the System are— (A) to organize, modernize, standardize, and stabilize the monitoring systems of the volcano observatories in the United States, which includes the Alaska Volcano Observatory, California Volcano Observatory, Cascades Volcano Observatory, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, and Yellowstone Volcano Observatory; and (B) to unify the monitoring systems of volcano observatories in the United States into a single interoperative system. (3) Objective The objective of the System is to monitor all the volcanoes in the United States at a level commensurate with the threat posed by the volcanoes by— (A) upgrading existing networks on monitored volcanoes; and (B) installing new networks on unmonitored volcanoes. (b) System components (1) In general The System shall include— (A) a national volcano watch office that is operational 24 hours a day and 7 days a week; (B) a national volcano data center; and (C) an external grants program to support research in volcano monitoring science and technology. (2) Modernization activities Modernization activities under the System shall include the comprehensive application of emerging technologies, including digital broadband seismometers, real-time continuous Global Positioning System receivers, satellite and airborne radar interferometry, acoustic pressure sensors, and spectrometry to measure gas emissions. (c) Management (1) Management plan (A) In general Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a 5-year management plan for establishing and operating the System. (B) Inclusions The management plan submitted under subparagraph (A) shall include— (i) annual cost estimates for modernization activities and operation of the System; (ii) annual milestones, standards, and performance goals; and (iii) recommendations for, and prog­ress towards, establishing new, or enhancing existing, partnerships to leverage resources. (2) Advisory committee The Secretary shall establish an advisory committee to assist the Secretary in implementing the System, to be comprised of representatives of relevant agencies and members of the scientific community, to be appointed by the Secretary. (3) Partnerships The Secretary may enter into cooperative agreements with institutions of higher education and State agencies designating the institutions of higher education and State agencies as volcano observatory partners for the System. (4) Coordination The Secretary shall coordinate the activities under this Act with the heads of relevant Federal agencies, including— (A) the Secretary of Transportation; (B) the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration; (C) the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and (D) the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Administration. (d) Annual report Annually, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report that describes the activities carried out under this Act. 5. Funding (a) Authorization of appropriations There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this Act for each of fiscal years 2016 through 2026. (b) Effect on other sources of Federal funding Amounts made available under this section shall supplement, and not supplant, Federal funds made available for other United States Geological Survey hazards activities and programs.