I 114th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 1916 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES April 21, 2015 Mr. Levin introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means , and in addition to the Committee on Homeland Security , for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned A BILL To reauthorize trade enforcement and trade facilitation functions and activities, and for other purposes.

1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Trade Enforcement and Trade Facilitation Act of 2015 . (b) Table of contents The table of contents for this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. Title I—Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Sec. 101. Improving partnership programs. Sec. 102. Report on effectiveness of trade enforcement activities. Sec. 103. Priorities and performance standards for customs modernization, trade facilitation, and trade enforcement functions and programs. Sec. 104. Educational seminars to improve efforts to classify and appraise imported articles, to improve trade enforcement efforts, and to otherwise facilitate legitimate international trade. Sec. 105. Joint strategic plan. Sec. 106. Automated Commercial Environment. Sec. 107. International Trade Data System. Sec. 108. Consultations with respect to mutual recognition arrangements. Sec. 109. Commercial Customs Operations Advisory Committee. Sec. 110. Centers of Excellence and Expertise. Sec. 111. Commercial Targeting Division and National Targeting and Analysis Groups. Sec. 112. Report on oversight of revenue protection and enforcement measures. Sec. 113. Report on security and revenue measures with respect to merchandise transported in bond. Sec. 114. Importer of record program. Sec. 115. Customs broker identification of importers. Sec. 116. Establishment of new importer program. Sec. 117. Requirements applicable to non-resident importers. Sec. 118. Single entry bond for suspected evasion. Title II—Import health and safety Sec. 201. Interagency import safety working group. Sec. 202. Joint import safety rapid response plan. Sec. 203. Training. Title III—Import-related protection of intellectual property rights Sec. 301. Definition of intellectual property rights. Sec. 302. Exchange of information related to trade enforcement. Sec. 303. Seizure of circumvention devices. Sec. 304. Enforcement by U.S. Customs and Border Protection of works for which copyright registration is pending. Sec. 305. National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center. Sec. 306. Joint strategic plan for the enforcement of intellectual property rights. Sec. 307. Personnel dedicated to the enforcement of intellectual property rights. Sec. 308. Training with respect to the enforcement of intellectual property rights. Sec. 309. International cooperation and information sharing. Sec. 310. Report on intellectual property rights enforcement. Sec. 311. Information for travelers regarding violations of intellectual property rights. Title IV—Miscellaneous provisions Sec. 401. De minimis value. Sec. 402. Consultation on trade and customs revenue functions. Sec. 403. Penalties for customs brokers. Sec. 404. Amendments to chapter 98 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States. Sec. 405. Exemption from duty of residue of bulk cargo contained in instruments of international traffic previously exported from the United States. Sec. 406. Drawback and refunds. Sec. 407. Elimination of consumptive demand exception to prohibition on importation of goods made with convict labor, forced labor, or indentured labor; report. Title V—Prevention of evasion of antidumping and countervailing duty orders Subtitle A—Actions relating to enforcement of trade remedy laws Sec. 501. Prevention and investigation of evasion. Sec. 502. Application to Canada and Mexico. Subtitle B—Other matters Sec. 511. Definitions. Sec. 512. Allocation and training of personnel. Sec. 513. Regulations. Sec. 514. Annual report on prevention of evasion of antidumping and countervailing duty orders. Sec. 515. Government Accountability Office report on reliquidation authority. Sec. 516. Addressing circumvention by new shippers. 2. Definitions In this Act: (1) Automated Commercial Environment The term Automated Commercial Environment means the Automated Commercial Environment computer system authorized under section 13031(f)(4) of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 ( 19 U.S.C. 58c(f)(4) ). (2) Commissioner The term Commissioner means the Commissioner responsible for U.S. Customs and Border Protection. (3) Customs and trade laws of the United States The term customs and trade laws of the United States includes the following: (A) The Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1202 et seq. ). (B) Section 249 of the Revised Statutes ( 19 U.S.C. 3 ). (C) Section 2 of the Act of March 4, 1923 (42 Stat. 1453, chapter 251; 19 U.S.C. 6 ). (D) The Act of March 3, 1927 (44 Stat. 1381, chapter 348; 19 U.S.C. 2071 et seq. ). (E) Section 13031 of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 ( 19 U.S.C. 58c ). (F) Section 251 of the Revised Statutes ( 19 U.S.C. 66 ). (G) Section 1 of the Act of June 26, 1930 (46 Stat. 817, chapter 617; 19 U.S.C. 68 ). (H) The Foreign Trade Zones Act ( 19 U.S.C. 81a et seq. ). (I) Section 1 of the Act of March 2, 1911 (36 Stat. 965, chapter 191; 19 U.S.C. 198 ). (J) The Trade Act of 1974 ( 19 U.S.C. 2102 et seq. ). (K) The Trade Agreements Act of 1979 ( 19 U.S.C. 2501 et seq. ). (L) The North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act ( 19 U.S.C. 3301 et seq. ). (M) The Uruguay Round Agreements Act ( 19 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. ). (N) The Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act ( 19 U.S.C. 2701 et seq. ). (O) The Andean Trade Preference Act ( 19 U.S.C. 3201 et seq. ). (P) The African Growth and Opportunity Act ( 19 U.S.C. 3701 et seq. ). (Q) The Customs Enforcement Act of 1986 ( Public Law 99–570 ; 100 Stat. 3207–79). (R) The Customs and Trade Act of 1990 ( Public Law 101–382 ; 104 Stat. 629). (S) The Customs Procedural Reform and Simplification Act of 1978 ( Public Law 95–410 ; 92 Stat. 888). (T) The Trade Act of 2002 ( Public Law 107–210 ; 116 Stat. 933). (U) The Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act ( 19 U.S.C. 2601 et seq. ). (V) The Act of March 28, 1928 (45 Stat. 374, chapter 266; 19 U.S.C. 2077 et seq. ) (W) The Act of August 7, 1939 (53 Stat. 1263, chapter 566). (X) Any other provision of law implementing a trade agreement. (Y) Any other provision of law vesting customs revenue functions in the Secretary of the Treasury. (Z) Any other provision of law relating to trade facilitation or trade enforcement that is administered by U.S. Customs and Border Protection on behalf of any Federal agency that is required to participate in the International Trade Data System. (AA) Any other provision of customs or trade law administered by U.S. Customs and Border Protection or U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (4) Private sector entity The term private sector entity means— (A) an importer; (B) an exporter; (C) a forwarder; (D) an air, sea, or land carrier or shipper; (E) a contract logistics provider; (F) a customs broker; or (G) any other person (other than an employee of a government) affected by the implementation of the customs and trade laws of the United States, including a domestic producer. (5) Trade enforcement The term trade enforcement means the enforcement of the customs and trade laws of the United States. (6) Trade facilitation The term trade facilitation refers to policies and activities of U.S. Customs and Border Protection with respect to facilitating the movement of merchandise into and out of the United States in a manner that complies with the customs and trade laws of the United States. I Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement 101. Improving partnership programs (a) In general In order to advance the security, trade enforcement, and trade facilitation missions of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the Commissioner shall ensure that partnership programs of U.S. Customs and Border Protection established before the date of the enactment of this Act, such as the Customs–Trade Partnership Against Terrorism established under subtitle B of title II of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 ( 6 U.S.C. 961 et seq. ), and partnership programs of U.S. Customs and Border Protection established after such date of enactment, provide trade benefits to private sector entities that meet the requirements for participation in those programs established by the Commissioner under this section. (b) Elements In developing and operating partnership programs under subsection (a), the Commissioner shall— (1) consult with private sector entities, the public, and other Federal agencies when appropriate, to ensure that participants in those programs receive commercially significant and measurable trade benefits, including providing pre-clearance of merchandise for qualified persons that demonstrate the highest levels of compliance with the customs and trade laws of the United States, regulations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and other requirements the Commissioner determines to be necessary; (2) ensure an integrated and transparent system of trade benefits and compliance requirements for all partnership programs of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; (3) consider consolidating partnership programs in situations in which doing so would support the objectives of such programs, increase participation in such programs, enhance the trade benefits provided to participants in such programs, and enhance the allocation of the resources of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; (4) coordinate with the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and other Federal agencies with authority to detain and release merchandise entering the United States— (A) to ensure coordination in the release of such merchandise through the Automated Commercial Environment, or its predecessor, and the International Trade Data System; (B) to ensure that the partnership programs of those agencies are compatible with the partnership programs of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; (C) to develop criteria for authorizing the release, on an expedited basis, of merchandise for which documentation is required from one or more of those agencies to clear or license the merchandise for entry into the United States; and (D) to create pathways, within and among the appropriate Federal agencies, for qualified persons that demonstrate the highest levels of compliance to receive immediate clearance absent information that a transaction may pose a national security or compliance threat; and (5) ensure that trade benefits are provided to participants in partnership programs. (c) Report required Not later than the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and December 31 of each year thereafter, the Commissioner shall submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a report that— (1) identifies each partnership program referred to in subsection (a); (2) for each such program, identifies— (A) the requirements for participants in the program; (B) the commercially significant and measurable trade benefits provided to participants in the program; (C) the number of participants in the program; and (D) in the case of a program that provides for participation at multiple tiers, the number of participants at each such tier; (3) identifies the number of participants enrolled in more than one such partnership program; (4) assesses the effectiveness of each such partnership program in advancing the security, trade enforcement, and trade facilitation missions of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, based on historical developments, the level of participation in the program, and the evolution of benefits provided to participants in the program; (5) summarizes the efforts of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to work with other Federal agencies with authority to detain and release merchandise entering the United States to ensure that partnership programs of those agencies are compatible with partnership programs of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; (6) summarizes criteria developed with those agencies for authorizing the release, on an expedited basis, of merchandise for which documentation is required from one or more of those agencies to clear or license the merchandise for entry into the United States; (7) summarizes the efforts of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to work with private sector entities and the public to develop and improve partnership programs referred to in subsection (a); (8) describes measures taken by U.S. Customs and Border Protection to make private sector entities aware of the trade benefits available to participants in such programs; and (9) summarizes the plans, targets, and goals of U.S. Customs and Border Protection with respect to such programs for the 2 years following the submission of the report. 102. Report on effectiveness of trade enforcement activities (a) In general Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a report on the effectiveness of trade enforcement activities of U.S. Customs and Border Protection. (b) Contents The report required by subsection (a) shall include— (1) a description of the use of resources, results of audits and verifications, targeting, organization, and training of personnel of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; and (2) a description of trade enforcement activities to address undervaluation, transshipment, legitimacy of entities making entry, protection of revenues, fraud prevention and detection, and penalties, including intentional misclassification, inadequate bonding, and other misrepresentations. 103. Priorities and performance standards for customs modernization, trade facilitation, and trade enforcement functions and programs (a) Priorities and performance standards (1) In general The Commissioner, in consultation with the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives, shall establish priorities and performance standards to measure the development and levels of achievement of the customs modernization, trade facilitation, and trade enforcement functions and programs described in subsection (b). (2) Minimum priorities and standards Such priorities and performance standards shall, at a minimum, include priorities and standards relating to efficiency, outcome, output, and other types of applicable measures. (b) Functions and programs described The functions and programs referred to in subsection (a) are the following: (1) The Automated Commercial Environment. (2) Each of the priority trade issues described in paragraph (3)(B)(ii) of section 2(d) of the Act of March 3, 1927 (44 Stat. 1381, chapter 348; 19 U.S.C. 2072(d) ), as added by section 111(a) of this Act. (3) The Centers of Excellence and Expertise described in section 110 of this Act. (4) Drawback for exported merchandise under section 313 of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313 ), as amended by section 406 of this Act. (5) Transactions relating to imported merchandise in bond. (6) Collection of countervailing duties assessed under subtitle A of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq. ) and antidumping duties assessed under subtitle B of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1673 et seq. ). (7) The expedited clearance of cargo. (8) The issuance of regulations and rulings. (9) The issuance of Regulatory Audit Reports. (c) Consultations and notification (1) Consultations The consultations required by subsection (a)(1) shall occur, at a minimum, on an annual basis. (2) Notification The Commissioner shall notify the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives of any changes to the priorities referred to in subsection (a) not later than 30 days before such changes are to take effect. 104. Educational seminars to improve efforts to classify and appraise imported articles, to improve trade enforcement efforts, and to otherwise facilitate legitimate international trade (a) In general (1) Establishment The Commissioner and the Director shall establish and carry out on a fiscal year basis educational seminars to— (A) improve the ability of U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel to classify and appraise articles imported into the United States in accordance with the customs and trade laws of the United States; (B) improve the trade enforcement efforts of U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement personnel; and (C) otherwise improve the ability and effectiveness of U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement personnel to facilitate legitimate international trade. (b) Content (1) Classifying and appraising imported articles In carrying out subsection (a)(1)(A), the Commissioner, the Director, and interested parties in the private sector selected under subsection (c) shall provide instruction and related instructional materials at each educational seminar under this section to U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel and, as appropriate, to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement personnel on the following: (A) Conducting a physical inspection of an article imported into the United States, including testing of samples of the article, to determine if the article is mislabeled in the manifest or other accompanying documentation. (B) Reviewing the manifest and other accompanying documentation of an article imported into the United States to determine if the country of origin of the article listed in the manifest or other accompanying documentation is accurate. (C) Customs valuation. (D) Industry supply chains and other related matters as determined to be appropriate by the Commissioner. (2) Trade enforcement efforts In carrying out subsection (a)(1)(B), the Commissioner, the Director, and interested parties in the private sector selected under subsection (c) shall provide instruction and related instructional materials at each educational seminar under this section to U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel and, as appropriate, to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement personnel to identify opportunities to enhance enforcement of the following: (A) Collection of countervailing duties assessed under subtitle A of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq. ) and antidumping duties assessed under subtitle B of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1673 et seq. ). (B) Addressing evasion of duties on imports of textiles. (C) Protection of intellectual property rights. (D) Enforcement of child labor laws. (3) Approval of Commissioner and Director The instruction and related instructional materials at each educational seminar under this section shall be subject to the approval of the Commissioner and the Director. (c) Selection process (1) In general The Commissioner shall establish a process to solicit, evaluate, and select interested parties in the private sector for purposes of assisting in providing instruction and related instructional materials described in subsection (b) at each educational seminar under this section. (2) Criteria The Commissioner shall evaluate and select interested parties in the private sector under the process established under paragraph (1) based on— (A) availability and usefulness; (B) the volume, value, and incidence of mislabeling or misidentification of origin of imported articles; and (C) other appropriate criteria established by the Commissioner. (3) Public availability The Commissioner and the Director shall publish in the Federal Register a detailed description of the process established under paragraph (1) and the criteria established under paragraph (2). (d) Special rule for antidumping and countervailing duty orders (1) In general The Commissioner shall give due consideration to carrying out an educational seminar under this section in whole or in part to improve the ability of U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel to enforce a countervailing or antidumping duty order issued under section 706 or 736 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671e or 1673e) upon the request of a petitioner in an action underlying such countervailing or antidumping duty order. (2) Interested party A petitioner described in paragraph (1) shall be treated as an interested party in the private sector for purposes of the requirements of this section. (e) Performance standards The Commissioner and the Director shall establish performance standards to measure the development and level of achievement of educational seminars under this section. (f) Reporting Beginning September 30, 2016, the Commissioner and the Director shall submit to the Committee of Finance of the Senate and the Committee of Ways and Means of the House of Representatives an annual report on the effectiveness of educational seminars under this section. (g) Definitions In this section: (1) Director The term Director means the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (2) United States The term United States means the customs territory of the United States, as defined in General Note 2 to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States. (3) U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel The term U.S. Customs and Border Protection personnel means import specialists, auditors, and other appropriate employees of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection. (4) U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement personnel The term U.S. Immigrations and Customs Enforcement personnel means Homeland Security Investigations Directorate personnel and other appropriate employees of U.S. Immigrations and Customs Enforcement. 105. Joint strategic plan (a) In general Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter, the Commissioner and the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement shall jointly develop and submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives, a joint strategic plan. (b) Contents The joint strategic plan required under this section shall be comprised of a comprehensive multi-year plan for trade enforcement and trade facilitation, and shall include— (1) a summary of actions taken during the 2-year period preceding the submission of the plan to improve trade enforcement and trade facilitation, including a description and analysis of specific performance measures to evaluate the progress of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in meeting each such responsibility; (2) a statement of objectives and plans for further improving trade enforcement and trade facilitation; (3) a specific identification of the priority trade issues described in paragraph (3)(B)(ii) of section 2(d) of the Act of March 3, 1927 (44 Stat. 1381, chapter 348; 19 U.S.C. 2072(d) ), as added by section 111(a) of this Act, that can be addressed in order to enhance trade enforcement and trade facilitation, and a description of strategies and plans for addressing each such issue; (4) a description of efforts made to improve consultation and coordination among and within Federal agencies, and in particular between U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, regarding trade enforcement and trade facilitation; (5) a description of the training that has occurred to date within U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to improve trade enforcement and trade facilitation, including training under section 104 of this Act; (6) a description of efforts to work with the World Customs Organization and other international organizations, in consultation with other Federal agencies as appropriate, with respect to enhancing trade enforcement and trade facilitation; (7) a description of U.S. Custom and Border Protection organizational benchmarks for optimizing staffing and wait times at ports of entry; (8) a specific identification of any domestic or international best practices that may further improve trade enforcement and trade facilitation; (9) any legislative recommendations to further improve trade enforcement and trade facilitation; and (10) a description of efforts made to improve consultation and coordination with the private sector to enhance trade enforcement and trade facilitation. (c) Consultations (1) In general In developing the joint strategic plan required under this section, the Commissioner and the Director shall consult with— (A) appropriate officials from the relevant Federal agencies, including— (i) the Department of the Treasury; (ii) the Department of Agriculture; (iii) the Department of Commerce; (iv) the Department of Justice; (v) the Department of the Interior; (vi) the Department of Health and Human Services; (vii) the Food and Drug Administration; (viii) the Consumer Product Safety Commission; and (ix) the Office of the United States Trade Representative; and (B) the Commercial Customs Operations Advisory Committee established by section 109 of this Act. (2) Other consultations In developing the joint strategic plan required under this section, the Commissioner and the Director shall seek to consult with— (A) appropriate officials from relevant foreign law enforcement agencies and international organizations, including the World Customs Organization; and (B) interested parties in the private sector. 106. Automated Commercial Environment (a) Funding Section 13031(f)(4)(B) of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 ( 19 U.S.C. 58c(f)(4)(B) ) is amended— (1) by striking 2003 through 2005 and inserting 2016 through 2018 ; (2) by striking such amounts as are available in that Account and inserting not less than $153,736,000 ; and (3) by striking for the development and inserting to complete the development and implementation . (b) Report Section 311(b)(3) of the Customs Border Security Act of 2002 ( 19 U.S.C. 2075 note) is amended to read as follows: (3) Report (A) In general Not later than December 31, 2016, the Commissioner responsible for U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall submit to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a report detailing— (i) U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s incorporation of all core trade processing capabilities, including cargo release, entry summary, cargo manifest, cargo financial data, and export data elements into the Automated Commercial Environment computer system authorized under section 13031(f)(4) of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget and Reconciliation Act of 1985 ( 19 U.S.C. 58c(f)(4) ) not later than September 30, 2016, to conform with the admissibility criteria of agencies participating in the International Trade Data System identified pursuant to section 411(d)(4)(A)(iii) of the Tariff Act of 1930; (ii) U.S. Customs and Border Protection’s remaining priorities for processing entry summary data elements, cargo manifest data elements, cargo financial data elements, and export elements in the Automated Commercial Environment computer system, and the objectives and plans for implementing these remaining priorities; (iii) the components of the National Customs Automation Program specified in subsection (a)(2) of section 411 of the Tariff Act of 1930 that have not been implemented; and (iv) any additional components of the National Customs Automation Program initiated by the Commissioner to complete the development, establishment, and implementation of the Automated Commercial Environment computer system. (B) Update of reports Not later than September 30, 2017, the Commissioner shall submit to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives an updated report addressing each of the matters referred to in subparagraph (A), and— (i) evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Automated Commercial Environment computer system; and (ii) detailing the percentage of trade processed in the Automated Commercial Environment every month since September 30, 2016. . (c) Government accountability office report Not later than December 31, 2017, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a report— (1) assessing the progress of other Federal agencies in accessing and utilizing the Automated Commercial Environment; and (2) assessing the potential cost savings to the United States Government and importers and exporters and the potential benefits to enforcement of the customs and trade laws of the United States if the elements identified in clauses (i) through (iv) of section 311(b)(3)(A) of the Customs Border Security Act of 2002, as amended by subsection (b) of this section, are implemented. 107. International Trade Data System (a) Information technology infrastructure Section 411(d) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1411(d) ) is amended— (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (7) as paragraphs (5) through (8), respectively; (2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following: (4) Information technology infrastructure (A) In general The Secretary shall work with the head of each agency participating in the ITDS and the Interagency Steering Committee to ensure that each agency— (i) develops and maintains the necessary information technology infrastructure to support the operation of the ITDS and to submit all data to the ITDS electronically; (ii) enters into a memorandum of understanding, or takes such other action as is necessary, to provide for the information sharing between the agency and U.S. Customs and Border Protection necessary for the operation and maintenance of the ITDS; (iii) not later than June 30, 2016, identifies and transmits to the Commissioner responsible for U.S. Customs and Border Protection the admissibility criteria and data elements required by the agency to authorize the release of cargo by U.S. Customs and Border Protection for incorporation into the operational functionality of the Automated Commercial Environment computer system authorized under section 13031(f)(4) of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget and Reconciliation Act of 1985 ( 19 U.S.C. 58c(f)(4) ); and (iv) not later than December 31, 2016, utilizes the ITDS as the primary means of receiving from users the standard set of data and other relevant documentation, exclusive of applications for permits, licenses, or certifications required for the release of imported cargo and clearance of cargo for export. (B) Rule of construction Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to require any action to be taken that would compromise an ongoing law enforcement investigation or national security. ; and (3) in paragraph (8), as redesignated, by striking section 9503(c) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 ( 19 U.S.C. 2071 note) and inserting section 109 of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 . 108. Consultations with respect to mutual recognition arrangements (a) Consultations The Secretary of Homeland Security, with respect to any proposed mutual recognition arrangement or similar agreement between the United States and a foreign government providing for mutual recognition of supply chain security programs and customs revenue functions, shall consult— (1) not later than 30 days before initiating negotiations to enter into any such arrangement or similar agreement, with the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives; and (2) not later than 30 days before entering into any such arrangement or similar agreement, with the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives. (b) Negotiating objective It shall be a negotiating objective of the United States in any negotiation for a mutual recognition arrangement with a foreign country on partnership programs, such as the Customs–Trade Partnership Against Terrorism established under subtitle B of title II of the Security and Accountability for Every Port Act of 2006 ( 6 U.S.C. 961 et seq. ), to seek to ensure the compatibility of the partnership programs of that country with the partnership programs of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to enhance trade facilitation and trade enforcement. 109. Commercial Customs Operations Advisory Committee (a) Establishment Not later than the date that is 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall jointly establish a Commercial Customs Operations Advisory Committee (in this section referred to as the Advisory Committee ). (b) Membership (1) In general The Advisory Committee shall be comprised of— (A) 20 individuals appointed under paragraph (2); (B) the Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy of the Department of the Treasury and the Commissioner, who shall jointly co-chair meetings of the Advisory Committee; and (C) the Assistant Secretary for Policy and the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement of the Department of Homeland Security, who shall serve as deputy co-chairs of meetings of the Advisory Committee. (2) Appointment (A) In general The Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall jointly appoint 20 individuals from the private sector to the Advisory Committee. (B) Requirements In making appointments under subparagraph (A), the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall appoint members— (i) to ensure that the membership of the Advisory Committee is representative of the individuals and firms affected by the commercial operations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; and (ii) without regard to political affiliation. (C) Terms Each individual appointed to the Advisory Committee under this paragraph shall be appointed for a term of not more than 3 years, and may be reappointed to subsequent terms, but may not serve more than 2 terms sequentially. (3) Transfer of membership The Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Homeland Security may transfer members serving on the Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of the United States Customs Service established under section 9503(c) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 ( 19 U.S.C. 2071 note) on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act to the Advisory Committee established under subsection (a). (c) Duties The Advisory Committee established under subsection (a) shall— (1) advise the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Homeland Security on all matters involving the commercial operations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, including advising with respect to significant changes that are proposed with respect to regulations, policies, or practices of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; (2) provide recommendations to the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Homeland Security on improvements to the commercial operations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; (3) collaborate in developing the agenda for Advisory Committee meetings; and (4) perform such other functions relating to the commercial operations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection as prescribed by law or as the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Homeland Security jointly direct. (d) Meetings (1) In general The Advisory Committee shall meet at the call of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Homeland Security, or at the call of not less than 2/3 of the membership of the Advisory Committee. The Advisory Committee shall meet at least 4 times each calendar year. (2) Open meetings Notwithstanding section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.), the Advisory Committee meetings shall be open to the public unless the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary of Homeland Security determines that the meeting will include matters the disclosure of which would compromise investigations of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (e) Annual report Not later than December 31, 2016, and annually thereafter, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a report that— (1) describes the activities of the Advisory Committee during the preceding fiscal year; and (2) sets forth any recommendations of the Advisory Committee regarding the commercial operations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection. (f) Termination Section 14(a)(2) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.; relating to the termination of advisory committees) shall not apply to the Advisory Committee. (g) Conforming amendment (1) In general Effective on the date on which the Advisory Committee is established under subsection (a), section 9503(c) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 ( 19 U.S.C. 2071 note) is repealed. (2) Reference Any reference in law to the Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of the United States Customs Service established under section 9503(c) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 ( 19 U.S.C. 2071 note) made on or after the date on which the Advisory Committee is established under subsection (a), shall be deemed a reference to the Commercial Customs Operations Advisory Committee established under subsection (a). 110. Centers of Excellence and Expertise (a) In general The Commissioner shall, in consultation with the Committee on Finance of the Senate, the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives, and the Commercial Customs Operations Advisory Committee established by section 109 of this Act, develop and implement Centers of Excellence and Expertise throughout U.S. Customs and Border Protection that— (1) enhance the economic competitiveness of the United States by consistently enforcing the laws and regulations of the United States at all ports of entry of the United States and by facilitating the flow of legitimate trade through increasing industry-based knowledge; (2) improve enforcement efforts, including enforcement of priority trade issues described in subparagraph (B)(ii) of section 2(d)(3) of the Act of March 3, 1927 (44 Stat. 1381, chapter 348; 19 U.S.C. 2072(d) ), as added by section 111(a) of this Act, in specific industry sectors through the application of targeting information from the Commercial Targeting Division established under subparagraph (A) of such section 2(d)(3) and from other means of verification; (3) build upon the expertise of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in particular industry operations, supply chains, and compliance requirements; (4) promote the uniform implementation at each port of entry of the United States of policies and regulations relating to imports; (5) centralize the trade enforcement and trade facilitation efforts of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; (6) formalize an account-based approach to apply, as the Commissioner determines appropriate, to the importation of merchandise into the United States; (7) foster partnerships though the expansion of trade programs and other trusted partner programs; (8) develop applicable performance measurements to meet internal efficiency and effectiveness goals; and (9) whenever feasible, facilitate a more efficient flow of information between Federal agencies. (b) Report Not later than December 31, 2016, the Commissioner shall submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a report describing— (1) the scope, functions, and structure of each Center of Excellence and Expertise developed and implemented under subsection (a); (2) the effectiveness of each such Center of Excellence and Expertise in improving enforcement efforts, including enforcement of priority trade issues, and facilitating legitimate trade; (3) the quantitative and qualitative benefits of each such Center of Excellence and Expertise to the trade community, including through fostering partnerships through the expansion of trade programs such as the Importer Self Assessment program and other trusted partner programs; (4) all applicable performance measurements with respect to each such Center of Excellence and Expertise, including performance measures with respect to meeting internal efficiency and effectiveness goals; (5) the performance of each such Center of Excellence and Expertise in increasing the accuracy and completeness of data with respect to international trade and facilitating a more efficient flow of information between Federal agencies; and (6) any planned changes in the number, scope, functions or any other aspect of the Centers of Excellence and Expertise developed and implemented under subsection (a). 111. Commercial Targeting Division and National Targeting and Analysis Groups (a) In general Section 2(d) of the Act of March 3, 1927 (44 Stat. 1381, chapter 348; 19 U.S.C. 2072(d) ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (3) Commercial targeting division and national targeting and analysis groups (A) Establishment of commercial targeting division (i) In general The Secretary of Homeland Security shall establish and maintain within the Office of International Trade a Commercial Targeting Division. (ii) Composition The Commercial Targeting Division shall be composed of— (I) headquarters personnel led by an Executive Director, who shall report to the Assistant Commissioner for Trade; and (II) individual National Targeting and Analysis Groups, each led by a Director who shall report to the Executive Director of the Commercial Targeting Division. (iii) Duties The Commercial Targeting Division shall be dedicated— (I) to the development and conduct of commercial risk assessment targeting with respect to cargo destined for the United States in accordance with subparagraph (C); and (II) to issuing Trade Alerts described in subparagraph (D). (B) National targeting and analysis groups (i) In general A National Targeting and Analysis Group referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii)(II) shall, at a minimum, be established for each priority trade issue described in clause (ii). (ii) Priority trade issues (I) In general The priority trade issues described in this clause are the following: (aa) Agriculture programs. (bb) Antidumping and countervailing duties. (cc) Import safety. (dd) Intellectual property rights. (ee) Revenue. (ff) Textiles and wearing apparel. (gg) Trade agreements and preference programs. (II) Modification The Commissioner is authorized to establish new priority trade issues and eliminate, consolidate, or otherwise modify the priority trade issues described in this paragraph if the Commissioner— (aa) determines it necessary and appropriate to do so; (bb) submits to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a summary of proposals to consolidate, eliminate, or otherwise modify existing priority trade issues not later than 60 days before such changes are to take effect; and (cc) submits to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a summary of proposals to establish new priority trade issues not later than 30 days after such changes are to take effect. (iii) Duties The duties of each National Targeting and Analysis Group shall include— (I) directing the trade enforcement and compliance assessment activities of U.S. Customs and Border Protection that relate to the Group’s priority trade issue; (II) facilitating, promoting, and coordinating cooperation and the exchange of information between U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and other relevant Federal departments and agencies regarding the Group’s priority trade issue; and (III) serving as the primary liaison between U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the public regarding United States Government activities regarding the Group’s priority trade issue, including— (aa) providing for receipt and transmission to the appropriate U.S. Customs and Border Protection office of allegations from interested parties in the private sector of violations of customs and trade laws of the United States of merchandise relating to the priority trade issue; (bb) obtaining information from the appropriate U.S. Customs and Border Protection office on the status of any activities resulting from the submission of any such allegation, including any decision not to pursue the allegation, and providing any such information to each interested party in the private sector that submitted the allegation every 90 days after the allegation was received by U.S. Customs and Border Protection unless providing such information would compromise an ongoing law enforcement investigation; and (cc) notifying on a timely basis each interested party in the private sector that submitted such allegation of any civil or criminal actions taken by U.S. Customs and Border Protection or other Federal department or agency resulting from the allegation. (C) Commercial risk assessment targeting In carrying out its duties with respect to commercial risk assessment targeting, the Commercial Targeting Division shall— (i) establish targeted risk assessment methodologies and standards— (I) for evaluating the risk that cargo destined for the United States may violate the customs and trade laws of the United States, particularly those laws applicable to merchandise subject to the priority trade issues described in subparagraph (B)(ii); and (II) for issuing, as appropriate, Trade Alerts described in subparagraph (D); and (ii) to the extent practicable and otherwise authorized by law, use, to administer the methodologies and standards established under clause (i) — (I) publicly available information; (II) information available from the Automated Commercial System, the Automated Commercial Environment computer system, the Automated Targeting System, the Automated Export System, the International Trade Data System, the TECS (formerly known as the Treasury Enforcement Communications System ), the case management system of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and any successor systems; and (III) information made available to the Commercial Targeting Division, including information provided by private sector entities. (D) Trade alerts (i) Issuance Based upon the application of the targeted risk assessment methodologies and standards established under subparagraph (C), the Executive Director of the Commercial Targeting Division and the Directors of the National Targeting and Analysis Groups may issue Trade Alerts to directors of United States ports of entry directing further inspection, or physical examination or testing, of specific merchandise to ensure compliance with all applicable customs and trade laws and regulations administered by U.S. Customs and Border Protection. (ii) Determinations not to implement trade alerts The director of a United States port of entry may determine not to conduct further inspections, or physical examination or testing, pursuant to a Trade Alert issued under clause (i) if— (I) the director finds that such a determination is justified by security interests; and (II) notifies the Assistant Commissioner of the Office of Field Operations and the Assistant Commissioner of International Trade of U.S. Customs and Border Protection of the determination and the reasons for the determination not later than 48 hours after making the determination. (iii) Summary of determinations not to implement The Assistant Commissioner of the Office of Field Operations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall— (I) compile an annual public summary of all determinations by directors of United States ports of entry under clause (ii) and the reasons for those determinations; (II) conduct an evaluation of the utilization of Trade Alerts issued under clause (i); and (III) submit the summary to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives not later than December 31 of each year. (iv) Inspection defined In this subparagraph, the term inspection means the comprehensive evaluation process used by U.S. Customs and Border Protection, other than physical examination or testing, to permit the entry of merchandise into the United States, or the clearance of merchandise for transportation in bond through the United States, for purposes of— (I) assessing duties; (II) identifying restricted or prohibited items; and (III) ensuring compliance with all applicable customs and trade laws and regulations administered by U.S. Customs and Border Protection. . (b) Use of trade data for commercial enforcement purposes Section 343(a)(3)(F) of the Trade Act of 2002 ( 19 U.S.C. 2071 note) is amended to read as follows: (F) The information collected pursuant to the regulations shall be used exclusively for ensuring cargo safety and security, preventing smuggling, and commercial risk assessment targeting, and shall not be used for any commercial enforcement purposes, including for determining merchandise entry. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, nothing in this section shall be treated as amending, repealing, or otherwise modifying title IV of the Tariff Act of 1930 or regulations prescribed thereunder. . 112. Report on oversight of revenue protection and enforcement measures (a) In general Not later the March 31, 2016, and not later than March 31 of each second year thereafter, the Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury shall submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a report assessing, with respect to the period covered by the report, as specified in subsection (b), the following: (1) The effectiveness of the measures taken by U.S. Customs and Border Protection with respect to protection of revenue, including— (A) the collection of countervailing duties assessed under subtitle A of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq. ) and antidumping duties assessed under subtitle B of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1673 et seq. ); (B) the assessment, collection, and mitigation of commercial fines and penalties; (C) the use of bonds, including continuous and single transaction bonds, to secure that revenue; and (D) the adequacy of the policies of U.S. Customs and Border Protection with respect to the monitoring and tracking of merchandise transported in bond and collecting duties, as appropriate. (2) The effectiveness of actions taken by U.S. Customs and Border Protection to measure accountability and performance with respect to protection of revenue. (3) The number and outcome of investigations instituted by U.S. Customs and Border Protection with respect to the underpayment of duties. (4) The effectiveness of training with respect to the collection of duties provided for personnel of U.S. Customs and Border Protection. (b) Period covered by report Each report required by subsection (a) shall cover the period of 2 fiscal years ending on September 30 of the calendar year preceding the submission of the report. 113. Report on security and revenue measures with respect to merchandise transported in bond (a) In general Not later than December 31 of 2016, 2017, and 2018, the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of the Treasury shall jointly submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a report on efforts undertaken by U.S. Customs and Border Protection to ensure the secure transportation of merchandise in bond through the United States and the collection of revenue owed upon the entry of such merchandise into the United States for consumption. (b) Elements Each report required by subsection (a) shall include, for the fiscal year preceding the submission of the report, information on— (1) the overall number of entries of merchandise for transportation in bond through the United States; (2) the ports at which merchandise arrives in the United States for transportation in bond and at which records of the arrival of such merchandise are generated; (3) the average time taken to reconcile such records with the records at the final destination of the merchandise in the United States to demonstrate that the merchandise reaches its final destination or is re-exported; (4) the average time taken to transport merchandise in bond from the port at which the merchandise arrives in the United States to its final destination in the United States; (5) the total amount of duties, taxes, and fees owed with respect to shipments of merchandise transported in bond and the total amount of such duties, taxes, and fees paid; (6) the total number of notifications by carriers of merchandise being transported in bond that the destination of the merchandise has changed; and (7) the number of entries that remain unreconciled. 114. Importer of record program (a) Establishment Not later than the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall establish an importer of record program to assign and maintain importer of record numbers. (b) Requirements The Secretary shall ensure that, as part of the importer of record program, U.S. Customs and Border Protection— (1) develops criteria that importers must meet in order to obtain an importer of record number, including— (A) criteria to ensure sufficient information is collected to allow U.S. Customs and Border Protection to verify the existence of the importer requesting the importer of record number; (B) criteria to ensure sufficient information is collected to allow U.S. Customs and Border Protection to identify linkages or other affiliations between importers that are requesting or have been assigned importer of record numbers; and (C) criteria to ensure sufficient information is collected to allow U.S. Customs and Border Protection to identify changes in address and corporate structure of importers; (2) provides a process by which importers are assigned importer of record numbers; (3) maintains a centralized database of importer of record numbers, including a history of importer of record numbers associated with each importer, and the information described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (1); (4) evaluates and maintains the accuracy of the database if such information changes; and (5) takes measures to ensure that duplicate importer of record numbers are not issued. (c) Report Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a report on the importer of record program established under subsection (a). (d) Number defined In this subsection, the term number , with respect to an importer of record, means a filing identification number described in section 24.5 of title 19, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation) that fully supports the requirements of subsection (b) with respect to the collection and maintenance of information. 115. Customs broker identification of importers (a) In general Section 641 of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1641 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (i) Identification of importers (1) In general The Secretary shall prescribe regulations setting forth the minimum standards for customs brokers and importers, including nonresident importers, regarding the identity of the importer that shall apply in connection with the importation of merchandise into the United States. (2) Minimum requirements The regulations shall, at a minimum, require customs brokers to implement, and importers (after being given adequate notice) to comply with, reasonable procedures for— (A) collecting the identity of importers, including nonresident importers, seeking to import merchandise into the United States to the extent reasonable and practicable; and (B) maintaining records of the information used to substantiate a person’s identity, including name, address, and other identifying information. (3) Penalties Any customs broker who fails to collect information required under the regulations prescribed under this subsection shall be liable to the United States, at the discretion of the Secretary, for a monetary penalty not to exceed $10,000 for each violation of those regulations and subject to revocation or suspension of a license or permit of the customs broker pursuant to the procedures set forth in subsection (d). (4) Definitions In this subsection, the terms importer and nonresident importer have the meaning given such terms in section 2 of the Customs Enhanced Enforcement and Trade Facilitation Act of 2012. . (b) Study and report required Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall submit to Congress a report containing recommendations for— (1) determining the most timely and effective way to require foreign nationals to provide customs brokers with appropriate and accurate information, comparable to that which is required of United States nationals, concerning the identity, address, and other related information relating to such foreign nationals necessary to enable customs brokers to comply with the requirements of section 641(i) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (as added by subsection (a)); and (2) establishing a system for customs brokers to review information maintained by relevant Federal agencies for purposes of verifying the identities of importers, including nonresident importers, seeking to import merchandise into the United States. 116. Establishment of new importer program (a) In general Not later than the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commissioner shall establish a new importer program that directs U.S. Customs and Border Protection to adjust bond amounts for new importers based on the level of risk assessed by U.S. Customs and Border Protection for protection of revenue of the Federal Government. (b) Requirements The Commissioner shall ensure that, as part of the new importer program established under subsection (a), U.S. Customs and Border Protection— (1) develops risk-based criteria for determining which importers are considered to be new importers for the purposes of this subsection; (2) develops risk assessment guidelines for new importers to determine if and to what extent— (A) to adjust bond amounts of imported products of new importers; and (B) to increase screening of imported products of new importers; (3) develops procedures to ensure increased oversight of imported products of new importers relating to the enforcement of the priority trade issues described in paragraph (3)(B)(ii) of section 2(d) of the Act of March 3, 1927 (44 Stat. 1381, chapter 348; 19 U.S.C. 2072(d) ), as added by section 111(a) of this Act; (4) develops procedures to ensure increased oversight of imported products of new importers by Centers of Excellence and Expertise established under section 110 of this Act; and (5) establishes a centralized database of new importers to ensure accuracy of information that is required to be provided by new importers to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 117. Requirements applicable to non-resident importers (a) In general Part III of title IV of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1481 et seq. ) is amended by inserting after section 484b the following new section: 484c. Requirements applicable to non-resident importers (a) In general Except as provided in subsection (c), if an importer of record under section 484 of this Act is not a resident of the United States, the Commissioner responsible for U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall require the non-resident importer to designate a resident agent in the United States subject to the requirements described in subsection (b). (b) Requirements The requirements described in this subsection are the following: (1) The resident agent shall be authorized to accept service of process against the non-resident importer in connection with the importation of merchandise. (2) The resident agent shall be liable to the United States for payment of duties and penalties or other fines issued by the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Commissioner if the Secretary or Commissioner is unable to collect such duties and penalties or other fines from such non-resident importer in connection with the importation of merchandise. (3) The Secretary of the Treasury may require the resident agent to secure a bond or other security in connection with the importation of merchandise as the Secretary may deem necessary for the protection of the revenue or to assure compliance with any provision of law, regulation, or instruction which the Secretary of the Commissioner may be authorized to enforce. (4) The Commissioner responsible for U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall require the non-resident importer to establish a power of attorney with the resident agent in connection with the importation of merchandise. (c) Non-Applicability The requirements of this section shall not apply with respect to a non-resident importer who is a validated Tier 2 or Tier 3 participant in the Customs–Trade Partnership Against Terrorism program established under subtitle B of title II of the SAFE Port Act ( 6 U.S.C. 961 et seq. ). (d) Penalties (1) In general It shall be unlawful for any person to import into the United States any merchandise in violation of this section. (2) Civil penalties Any person who violates paragraph (1) shall be liable for a civil penalty of $50,000 for each such violation. (3) Other penalties In addition to the penalties specified in paragraph (2), any violation of this section that violates any other customs and trade laws of the United States shall be subject to any applicable civil and criminal penalty, including seizure and forfeiture, that may be imposed under such customs or trade law or title 18, United States Code, with respect to the importation of merchandise. (4) Definition In this subsection, the term customs and trade laws of the United States has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Trade Enforcement and Trade Facilitation Act of 2015. . (b) Effective date Section 484c of the Tariff Act of 1930, as added by subsection (a), takes effect on the date of the enactment of this Act and applies with respect to the importation, on or after the date that is 180 days after such date of enactment, of merchandise of an importer of record under section 484 of the Tariff Act of 1930 who is not a resident of the United States. 118. Single entry bond for suspected evasion (a) In general The Tariff Act of 1930 is amended by inserting after section 516A ( 19 U.S.C. 1516a ) the following: 516B. Single entry bond for suspected evasion (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Enter; entry The terms enter and entry refer to the entry, or withdrawal from warehouse for consumption, in the customs territory of the United States. (2) Evade; evasion The terms evade and evasion refer to entering covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States by means of any document or electronically transmitted data or information, written or oral statement, or act that is material and false, or any omission that is material, and that results in any cash deposit or other security or any amount of applicable antidumping or countervailing duties being reduced or not being applied with respect to the merchandise. (3) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of the Treasury. (b) Single entry bond The Secretary shall require a single entry bond, in addition to any continuous bond, in any case in which the Secretary has a reasonable belief, based on evidence, that merchandise— (1) may be subject to an order issued under section 706 or section 736; and (2) is being entered into the United States by means of evasion. The bond shall be set at an amount the Secretary determines sufficient to protect revenue and to ensure compliance with the law, regulations, and instructions that the Secretary is authorized to enforce. . (b) Technical amendment Section 514(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1514(b) ) is amended by striking section 303 and all that follows through which are reviewable and inserting title VII that are reviewable . II Import health and safety 201. Interagency import safety working group (a) Establishment There is established an interagency Import Safety Working Group. (b) Membership The interagency Import Safety Working Group shall consist of the following officials or their designees: (1) The Secretary of Homeland Security, who shall serve as the Chair. (2) The Secretary of Health and Human Services, who shall serve as the Vice Chair. (3) The Secretary of the Treasury. (4) The Secretary of Commerce. (5) The Secretary of Agriculture. (6) The United States Trade Representative. (7) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget. (8) The Commissioner of Food and Drugs. (9) The Commissioner responsible for U.S. Customs and Border Protection. (10) The Chairman of the Consumer Product Safety Commission. (11) The Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (12) The head of any other Federal agency designated by the President to participate in the interagency Import Safety Working Group, as appropriate. (c) Duties The duties of the interagency Import Safety Working Group shall include— (1) consulting on the development of the joint import safety rapid response plan required by section 202 of this Act; (2) periodically evaluating the adequacy of the plans, practices, and resources of the Federal Government dedicated to ensuring the safety of merchandise imported in the United States and the expeditious entry of such merchandise, including— (A) minimizing the duplication of efforts among agencies the heads of which are members of the interagency Import Safety Working Group and ensuring the compatibility of the policies and regulations of those agencies; and (B) recommending additional administrative actions, as appropriate, designed to ensure the safety of merchandise imported into the United States and the expeditious entry of such merchandise and considering the impact of those actions on private sector entities; (3) reviewing the engagement and cooperation of foreign governments and foreign manufacturers in facilitating the inspection and certification, as appropriate, of such merchandise to be imported into the United States and the facilities producing such merchandise to ensure the safety of the merchandise and the expeditious entry of the merchandise into the United States; (4) identifying best practices, in consultation with private sector entities as appropriate, to assist United States importers in taking all appropriate steps to ensure the safety of merchandise imported into the United States, including with respect to— (A) the inspection of manufacturing facilities in foreign countries; (B) the inspection of merchandise destined for the United States before exportation from a foreign country or before distribution in the United States; and (C) the protection of the international supply chain (as defined in section 2 of the Security and Accountability For Every Port Act of 2006 ( 6 U.S.C. 901 )); (5) identifying best practices to assist Federal, State, and local governments and agencies, and port authorities, to improve communication and coordination among such agencies and authorities with respect to ensuring the safety of merchandise imported into the United States and the expeditious entry of such merchandise; and (6) otherwise identifying appropriate steps to increase the accountability of United States importers and the engagement of foreign government agencies with respect to ensuring the safety of merchandise imported into the United States and the expeditious entry of such merchandise. 202. Joint import safety rapid response plan (a) In general Not later than December 31, 2016, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the interagency Import Safety Working Group, shall develop a plan (to be known as the joint import safety rapid response plan ) that sets forth protocols and defines practices for U.S. Customs and Border Protection to use— (1) in taking action in response to, and coordinating Federal responses to, an incident in which cargo destined for or merchandise entering the United States has been identified as posing a threat to the health or safety of consumers in the United States; and (2) in recovering from or mitigating the effects of actions and responses to an incident described in paragraph (1). (b) Contents The joint import safety rapid response plan shall address— (1) the statutory and regulatory authorities and responsibilities of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and other Federal agencies in responding to an incident described in subsection (a)(1); (2) the protocols and practices to be used by U.S. Customs and Border Protection when taking action in response to, and coordinating Federal responses to, such an incident; (3) the measures to be taken by U.S. Customs and Border Protection and other Federal agencies in recovering from or mitigating the effects of actions taken in response to such an incident after the incident to ensure the resumption of the entry of merchandise into the United States; and (4) exercises that U.S. Customs and Border Protection may conduct in conjunction with Federal, State, and local agencies, and private sector entities, to simulate responses to such an incident. (c) Updates of plan The Secretary of Homeland Security shall review and update the joint import safety rapid response plan, as appropriate, after conducting exercises under subsection (d). (d) Import health and safety exercises (1) In general The Secretary of Homeland Security and the Commissioner shall periodically engage in the exercises referred to in subsection (b)(4), in conjunction with Federal, State, and local agencies and private sector entities, as appropriate, to test and evaluate the protocols and practices identified in the joint import safety rapid response plan at United States ports of entry. (2) Requirements for exercises In conducting exercises under paragraph (1), the Secretary and the Commissioner shall— (A) make allowance for the resources, needs, and constraints of United States ports of entry of different sizes in representative geographic locations across the United States; (B) base evaluations on current risk assessments of merchandise entering the United States at representative United States ports of entry located across the United States; (C) ensure that such exercises are conducted in a manner consistent with the National Incident Management System, the National Response Plan, the National Infrastructure Protection Plan, the National Preparedness Guidelines, the Maritime Transportation System Security Plan, and other such national initiatives of the Department of Homeland Security, as appropriate; and (D) develop metrics with respect to the resumption of the entry of merchandise into the United States after an incident described in subsection (a)(1). (3) Requirements for testing and evaluation The Secretary and the Commissioner shall ensure that the testing and evaluation carried out in conducting exercises under paragraph (1)— (A) are performed using clear and objective performance measures; and (B) result in the identification of specific recommendations or best practices for responding to an incident described in subsection (a)(1). (4) Dissemination of recommendations and best practices The Secretary and the Commissioner shall— (A) share the recommendations or best practices identified under paragraph (3)(B) among the members of the interagency Import Safety Working Group and with, as appropriate— (i) State, local, and tribal governments; (ii) foreign governments; and (iii) private sector entities; and (B) use such recommendations and best practices to update the joint import safety rapid response plan. 203. Training The Commissioner shall ensure that personnel of U.S. Customs and Border Protection assigned to United States ports of entry are trained to effectively administer the provisions of this title and to otherwise assist in ensuring the safety of merchandise imported into the United States and the expeditious entry of such merchandise. III Import-related protection of intellectual property rights 301. Definition of intellectual property rights In this title, the term intellectual property rights refers to copyrights, trademarks, and other forms of intellectual property rights that are enforced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection or U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 302. Exchange of information related to trade enforcement The Tariff Act of 1930 is amended by inserting after section 628 ( 19 U.S.C. 1628 ) the following new section: 628A. Exchange of information related to trade enforcement (a) In general Subject to subsections (c) and (d), if the Commissioner responsible for U.S. Customs and Border Protection suspects that merchandise is being imported into the United States in violation of section 526 of this Act or section 602, 1201(a)(2), or 1201(b)(1) of title 17, United States Code, and determines that the examination or testing of the merchandise by a person described in subsection (b) would assist the Commissioner in determining if the merchandise is being imported in violation of that section, the Commissioner, to permit the person to conduct the examination and testing— (1) shall provide to the person information that appears on the merchandise and its packaging and labels, including unredacted images of the merchandise and its packaging and labels; and (2) may, subject to any applicable bonding requirements, provide to the person unredacted samples of the merchandise. (b) Person described A person described in this subsection is— (1) in the case of merchandise suspected of being imported in violation of section 526, the owner of the trademark suspected of being copied or simulated by the merchandise; (2) in the case of merchandise suspected of being imported in violation of section 602 of title 17, United States Code, the owner of the copyright suspected of being infringed by the merchandise; (3) in the case of merchandise suspected of being primarily designed or produced for the purpose of circumventing a technological measure that effectively controls access to a work protected under that title, and being imported in violation of section 1201(a)(2) of that title, the owner of a copyright in the work; and (4) in the case of merchandise suspected of being primarily designed or produced for the purpose of circumventing protection afforded by a technological measure that effectively protects a right of an owner of a copyright in a work or a portion of a work, and being imported in violation of section 1201(b)(1) of that title, the owner of the copyright. (c) Limitation Subsection (a) applies only with respect to merchandise suspected of infringing a trademark or copyright that is recorded with U.S. Customs and Border Protection. (d) Exception The Commissioner may not provide under subsection (a) information, photographs, or samples to a person described in subsection (b) if providing such information, photographs, or samples would compromise an ongoing law enforcement investigation or national security. . 303. Seizure of circumvention devices (a) In general Section 596(c)(2) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1595a(c)(2) ) is amended— (1) in subparagraph (E), by striking or ; (2) in subparagraph (F), by striking the period and inserting ; or ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (G) U.S. Customs and Border Protection determines it is a technology, product, service, device, component, or part thereof the importation of which is prohibited under subsection (a)(2) or (b)(1) of section 1201 of title 17, United States Code. . (b) Notification of persons injured (1) In general Not later than the date that is 30 business days after seizing merchandise pursuant to subparagraph (G) of section 596(c)(2) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as added by subsection (a), the Commissioner shall provide to any person identified under paragraph (2) information regarding the merchandise seized that is equivalent to information provided to copyright owners under regulations of U.S. Customs and Border Protection for merchandise seized for violation of the copyright laws. (2) Persons to be provided information Any person injured by the violation of (a)(2) or (b)(1) of section 1201 of title 17, United States Code, that resulted in the seizure of the merchandise shall be provided information under paragraph (1), if that person is included on a list maintained by the Commissioner that is revised annually through publication in the Federal Register. (3) Regulations Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe regulations establishing procedures that implement this subsection. 304. Enforcement by U.S. Customs and Border Protection of works for which copyright registration is pending Not later than the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall authorize a process pursuant to which the Commissioner shall enforce a copyright for which the owner has submitted an application for registration under title 17, United States Code, with the United States Copyright Office, to the same extent and in the same manner as if the copyright were registered with the Copyright Office, including by sharing information, images, and samples of merchandise suspected of infringing the copyright under section 628A of the Tariff Act of 1930, as added by section 302. 305. National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center (a) Establishment The Secretary of Homeland Security shall— (1) establish within U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement a National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center; and (2) appoint an Assistant Director to head the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center. (b) Duties The Assistant Director of the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center shall— (1) coordinate the investigation of sources of merchandise that infringe intellectual property rights to identify organizations and individuals that produce, smuggle, or distribute such merchandise; (2) conduct and coordinate training with other domestic and international law enforcement agencies on investigative best practices— (A) to develop and expand the capability of such agencies to enforce intellectual property rights; and (B) to develop metrics to assess whether the training improved enforcement of intellectual property rights; (3) coordinate, with U.S. Customs and Border Protection, activities conducted by the United States to prevent the importation or exportation of merchandise that infringes intellectual property rights; (4) support the international interdiction of merchandise destined for the United States that infringes intellectual property rights; (5) collect and integrate information regarding infringement of intellectual property rights from domestic and international law enforcement agencies and other non-Federal sources; (6) develop a means to receive and organize information regarding infringement of intellectual property rights from such agencies and other sources; (7) disseminate information regarding infringement of intellectual property rights to other Federal agencies, as appropriate; (8) develop and implement risk-based alert systems, in coordination with U.S. Customs and Border Protection, to improve the targeting of persons that repeatedly infringe intellectual property rights; (9) coordinate with the offices of United States attorneys in order to develop expertise in, and assist with the investigation and prosecution of, crimes relating to the infringement of intellectual property rights; and (10) carry out such other duties as the Secretary of Homeland Security may assign. (c) Coordination with other agencies In carrying out the duties described in subsection (b), the Assistant Director of the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center shall coordinate with— (1) U.S. Customs and Border Protection; (2) the Food and Drug Administration; (3) the Department of Justice; (4) the Department of Commerce, including the United States Patent and Trademark Office; (5) the United States Postal Inspection Service; (6) the Office of the United States Trade Representative; (7) any Federal, State, local, or international law enforcement agencies that the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement considers appropriate; and (8) any other entities that the Director considers appropriate. (d) Private sector outreach (1) In general The Assistant Director of the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center shall work with U.S. Customs and Border Protection and other Federal agencies to conduct outreach to private sector entities in order to determine trends in and methods of infringing intellectual property rights. (2) Information sharing The Assistant Director shall share information and best practices with respect to the enforcement of intellectual property rights with private sector entities, as appropriate, in order to coordinate public and private sector efforts to combat the infringement of intellectual property rights. 306. Joint strategic plan for the enforcement of intellectual property rights The Commissioner and the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement shall include in the joint strategic plan required by section 105 of this Act— (1) a description of the efforts of the Department of Homeland Security to enforce intellectual property rights; (2) a list of the 10 United States ports of entry at which U.S. Customs and Border Protection has seized the most merchandise, both by volume and by value, that infringes intellectual property rights during the most recent 2-year period for which data are available; and (3) a recommendation for the optimal allocation of personnel, resources, and technology to ensure that U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement are adequately enforcing intellectual property rights. 307. Personnel dedicated to the enforcement of intellectual property rights (a) Personnel of U.S. customs and border protection The Commissioner and the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement shall ensure that sufficient personnel are assigned throughout U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, respectively, who have responsibility for preventing the importation into the United States of merchandise that infringes intellectual property rights. (b) Staffing of national intellectual property rights coordination center The Commissioner shall— (1) assign not fewer than 3 full-time employees of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center established under section 305 of this Act; and (2) ensure that sufficient personnel are assigned to United States ports of entry to carry out the directives of the Center. 308. Training with respect to the enforcement of intellectual property rights (a) Training The Commissioner shall ensure that officers of U.S. Customs and Border Protection are trained to effectively detect and identify merchandise destined for the United States that infringes intellectual property rights, including through the use of technologies identified under subsection (c). (b) Consultation with private sector The Commissioner shall consult with private sector entities to better identify opportunities for collaboration between U.S. Customs and Border Protection and such entities with respect to training for officers of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in enforcing intellectual property rights. (c) Identification of new technologies In consultation with private sector entities, the Commissioner shall identify— (1) technologies with the cost-effective capability to detect and identify merchandise at United States ports of entry that infringes intellectual property rights; and (2) cost-effective programs for training officers of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to use such technologies. (d) Donations of technology Not later than the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commissioner shall prescribe regulations to enable U.S. Customs and Border Protection to receive donations of hardware, software, equipment, and similar technologies, and to accept training and other support services, from private sector entities, for the purpose of enforcing intellectual property rights. 309. International cooperation and information sharing (a) Cooperation The Secretary of Homeland Security shall coordinate with the competent law enforcement and customs authorities of foreign countries, including by sharing information relevant to enforcement actions, to enhance the efforts of the United States and such authorities to enforce intellectual property rights. (b) Technical assistance The Secretary of Homeland Security shall provide technical assistance to competent law enforcement and customs authorities of foreign countries to enhance the ability of such authorities to enforce intellectual property rights. (c) Interagency collaboration The Commissioner and the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement shall lead interagency efforts to collaborate with law enforcement and customs authorities of foreign countries to enforce intellectual property rights. 310. Report on intellectual property rights enforcement Not later than June 30, 2016, and annually thereafter, the Commissioner and the Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement shall jointly submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a report that contains the following: (1) With respect to the enforcement of intellectual property rights, the following: (A) The number of referrals from U.S. Customs and Border Protection to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement relating to infringement of intellectual property rights during the preceding year. (B) The number of investigations relating to the infringement of intellectual property rights referred by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to a United States attorney for prosecution and the United States attorneys to which those investigations were referred. (C) The number of such investigations accepted by each such United States attorney and the status or outcome of each such investigation. (D) The number of such investigations that resulted in the imposition of civil or criminal penalties. (E) A description of the efforts of U.S. Custom and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to improve the success rates of investigations and prosecutions relating to the infringement of intellectual property rights. (2) An estimate of the average time required by the Office of International Trade of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to respond to a request from port personnel for advice with respect to whether merchandise detained by U.S. Customs and Border Protection infringed intellectual property rights, distinguished by types of intellectual property rights infringed. (3) A summary of the outreach efforts of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement with respect to— (A) the interdiction and investigation of, and the sharing of information between those agencies and other Federal agencies to prevent the infringement of intellectual property rights; (B) collaboration with private sector entities— (i) to identify trends in the infringement of, and technologies that infringe, intellectual property rights; (ii) to identify opportunities for enhanced training of officers of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement; and (iii) to develop best practices to enforce intellectual property rights; and (C) coordination with foreign governments and international organizations with respect to the enforcement of intellectual property rights. (4) A summary of the efforts of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to address the challenges with respect to the enforcement of intellectual property rights presented by Internet commerce and the transit of small packages and an identification of the volume, value, and type of merchandise seized for infringing intellectual property rights as a result of such efforts. (5) A summary of training relating to the enforcement of intellectual property rights conducted under section 308 of this Act and expenditures for such training. 311. Information for travelers regarding violations of intellectual property rights (a) In general The Secretary of Homeland Security shall develop and carry out an educational campaign to inform travelers entering or leaving the United States about the legal, economic, and public health and safety implications of acquiring merchandise that infringes intellectual property rights outside the United States and importing such merchandise into the United States in violation of United States law. (b) Declaration forms The Commissioner shall ensure that all versions of Declaration Form 6059B of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, or a successor form, including any electronic equivalent of Declaration Form 6059B or a successor form, printed or displayed on or after the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act include a written warning to inform travelers arriving in the United States that importation of merchandise into the United States that infringes intellectual property rights may subject travelers to civil or criminal penalties and may pose serious risks to safety or health. IV Miscellaneous provisions 401. De minimis value (a) De minimis value Section 321(a)(2)(C) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1321(a)(2)(C) ) is amended by striking $200 and inserting $800 . (b) Effective date The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after the 15th day after the date of the enactment of this Act. 402. Consultation on trade and customs revenue functions Section 401(c) of the Safety and Accountability for Every Port Act ( 6 U.S.C. 115(c) ) is amended— (1) in paragraph (1), by striking on Department policies and actions that have and inserting not later than 30 days after proposing, and not later than 30 days before finalizing, any Department policies, initiatives, or actions that will have ; and (2) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking not later than 30 days prior to the finalization of and inserting not later than 60 days before proposing, and not later than 60 days before finalizing, . 403. Penalties for customs brokers (a) In general Section 641(d)(1) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1641(d)(1) ) is amended— (1) in subparagraph (E), by striking ; or and inserting a semicolon; (2) in subparagraph (F), by striking the period and inserting ; or ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (G) has been convicted of committing or conspiring to commit an act of terrorism described in section 2332b of title 18, United States Code. . (b) Technical amendments Section 641 of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1641 ) is amended— (1) by striking the Customs Service each place it appears and inserting U.S. Customs and Border Protection ; (2) in subsection (d)(2)(B), by striking The Customs Service and inserting U.S. Customs and Border Protection ; and (3) in subsection (g)(2)(B), by striking Secretary’s notice and inserting notice under subparagraph (A) . 404. Amendments to chapter 98 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (a) Articles exported and returned, advanced or improved abroad (1) In general U.S. Note 3 to subchapter II of chapter 98 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States is amended by adding at the end the following: (f) (1) For purposes of subheadings 9802.00.40 and 9802.00.50, fungible articles exported from the United States for the purposes described in such subheadings— (A) may be commingled; and (B) the origin, value, and classification of such articles may be accounted for using an inventory management method. (2) If a person chooses to use an inventory management method under this paragraph with respect to fungible articles, the person shall use the same inventory management method for any other articles with respect to which the person claims fungibility under this paragraph. (3) For the purposes of this paragraph— (A) the term fungible articles means merchandise or articles that, for commercial purposes, are identical or interchangeable in all situations; and (B) the term inventory management method means any method for managing inventory that is based on generally accepted accounting principles. . (2) Effective date The amendment made by this subsection applies to articles classifiable under subheading 9802.00.40 or 9802.00.50 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States that are entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after the date that is 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act. (b) Modification of provisions relating to returned property (1) In general The article description for heading 9801.00.10 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States is amended by inserting after exported the following: , or any other products when returned within 3 years after having been exported . (2) Effective date The amendment made by paragraph (1) applies to articles entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after the date that is 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act. (c) Duty-Free Treatment for Certain United States Government Property Returned to the United States (1) In general Subchapter I of chapter 98 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States is amended by inserting in numerical sequence the following new heading: 9801.00.11 United States Government property, returned to the United States without having been advanced in value or improved in condition by any means while abroad, entered by the United States Government or a contractor to the United States Government, and certified by the importer as United States Government property Free . (2) Effective date The amendment made by paragraph (1) applies to goods entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after the date that is 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act. 405. Exemption from duty of residue of bulk cargo contained in instruments of international traffic previously exported from the United States (a) In general General Note 3(e) of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States is amended— (1) in subparagraph (v), by striking and at the end; (2) in subparagraph (vi), by adding and at the end; (3) by inserting after subparagraph (vi) (as so amended) the following new subparagraph: (vii) residue of bulk cargo contained in instruments of international traffic previously exported from the United States, ; and (4) by adding at the end of the flush text following subparagraph (vii) (as so added) the following: For purposes of subparagraph (vii) of this paragraph: The term residue means material of bulk cargo that remains in an instrument of international traffic after the bulk cargo is removed, with a quantity, by weight or volume, not exceeding 7 percent of the bulk cargo, and with no or de minimis value. The term bulk cargo means cargo that is unpackaged and is in either solid, liquid, or gaseous form. The term instruments of international traffic means containers or holders, capable of and suitable for repeated use, such as lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, caul boards, and cores for textile fabrics, arriving (whether loaded or empty) in use or to be used in the shipment of merchandise in international traffic, and any additional articles or classes of articles that the Commissioner responsible for U.S. Customs and Border Protection designates as instruments of international traffic. . (b) Effective date The amendments made by subsection (a) take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act and apply with respect to residue of bulk cargo contained in instruments of international traffic that are imported into the customs territory of the United States on or after such date of enactment and that previously have been exported from the United States. 406. Drawback and refunds (a) Articles made from imported merchandise Section 313(a) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313(a) ) is amended by striking the full amount of the duties paid upon the merchandise so used shall be refunded as drawback, less 1 per centum of such duties, except that such and inserting an amount calculated pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury under subsection (l) shall be refunded as drawback, except that . (b) Substitution for drawback purposes Section 313(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313(b) ) is amended— (1) by striking If imported and inserting the following: (1) In general If imported ; (2) by striking and any other merchandise (whether imported or domestic) of the same kind and quality are and inserting or merchandise classifiable under the same 8-digit HTS subheading number as such imported merchandise is ; (3) by striking three years and inserting 5 years ; (4) by striking the receipt of such imported merchandise by the manufacturer or producer of such articles and inserting the date of importation of such imported merchandise ; (5) by striking an amount of drawback equal to and all that follows through the end period and inserting an amount calculated pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury under subsection (l), but only if those articles have not been used prior to such exportation or destruction. ; and (6) by adding at the end the following: (2) Requirements relating to transfer of merchandise (A) Manufacturers and producers Drawback shall be allowed under paragraph (1) with respect to an article manufactured or produced using imported merchandise or other merchandise classifiable under the same 8-digit HTS subheading number as such imported merchandise only if the manufacturer or producer of the article received such imported merchandise or such other merchandise, directly or indirectly, from the importer. (B) Exporters and destroyers Drawback shall be allowed under paragraph (1) with respect to a manufactured or produced article that is exported or destroyed only if the exporter or destroyer received that article or an article classifiable under the same 8-digit HTS subheading number as that article, directly or indirectly, from the manufacturer or producer. (C) Evidence of transfer Transfers of merchandise under subparagraph (A) and transfers of articles under subparagraph (B) may be evidenced by business records kept in the normal course of business and no additional certificates of transfer or manufacture shall be required. (3) Submission of bill of materials or formula (A) In general Drawback shall be allowed under paragraph (1) with respect to an article manufactured or produced using imported merchandise or other merchandise classifiable under the same 8-digit HTS subheading number as such imported merchandise only if the person making the drawback claim submits with the claim a bill of materials or formula identifying the merchandise and article by the 8-digit HTS subheading number and the quantity of the merchandise. (B) Bill of materials and formula defined In this paragraph, the terms bill of materials and formula mean records kept in the normal course of business that identify each component incorporated into a manufactured or produced article or that identify the quantity of each element, material, chemical, mixture, or other substance incorporated into a manufactured article. (4) Special rule for sought chemical elements (A) In general For purposes of paragraph (1), a sought chemical element may be— (i) considered imported merchandise, or merchandise classifiable under the same 8-digit HTS subheading number as such imported merchandise, used in the manufacture or production of an article as described in paragraph (1); and (ii) substituted for source material containing that sought chemical element, without regard to whether the sought chemical element and the source material are classifiable under the same 8-digit HTS subheading number, and apportioned quantitatively, as appropriate. (B) Sought chemical element defined In this paragraph, the term sought chemical element means an element listed in the Periodic Table of Elements that is imported into the United States or a chemical compound consisting of those elements, either separately in elemental form or contained in source material. . (c) Merchandise not conforming to sample or specifications Section 313(c) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313(c) ) is amended— (1) in paragraph (1)— (A) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking under a certificate of delivery each place it appears; (B) in subparagraph (D)— (i) by striking 3 and inserting 5 ; and (ii) by striking the Customs Service and inserting U.S. Customs and Border Protection ; and (C) in the flush text at the end, by striking the full amount of the duties paid upon such merchandise, less 1 percent, and inserting an amount calculated pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury under subsection (l) ; (2) in paragraph (2), by striking the Customs Service and inserting U.S. Customs and Border Protection ; and (3) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows: (3) Evidence of transfers Transfers of merchandise under paragraph (1) may be evidenced by business records kept in the normal course of business and no additional certificates of transfer shall be required. . (d) Proof of exportation Section 313(i) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313(i) ) is amended to read as follows: (i) Proof of exportation A person claiming drawback under this section based on the exportation of an article shall provide proof of the exportation of the article. Such proof of exportation— (1) shall establish fully the date and fact of exportation and the identity of the exporter; and (2) may be established through the use of records kept in the normal course of business or through an electronic export system of the United States Government, as determined by the Commissioner responsible for U.S. Customs and Border Protection. . (e) Unused merchandise drawback Section 313(j) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313(j) ) is amended— (1) in paragraph (1)— (A) in subparagraph (A), in the matter preceding clause (i)— (i) by striking 3-year and inserting 5-year ; and (ii) by inserting and before the drawback claim is filed after the date of importation ; and (B) in the flush text at the end, by striking 99 percent of the amount of each duty, tax, or fee so paid and inserting an amount calculated pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury under subsection (l) ; (2) in paragraph (2)— (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) ; (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking commercially interchangeable with and inserting classifiable under the same 8-digit HTS subheading number as ; (C) in subparagraph (B)— (i) by striking 3-year and inserting 5-year ; and (ii) by inserting and before the drawback claim is filed after the imported merchandise ; (D) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking subclause (II) and inserting the following: (II) received the imported merchandise, other merchandise classifiable under the same 8-digit HTS subheading number as such imported merchandise, or any combination of such imported merchandise and such other merchandise, directly or indirectly from the person who imported and paid any duties, taxes, and fees imposed under Federal law upon importation or entry and due on the imported merchandise (and any such transferred merchandise, regardless of its origin, will be treated as the imported merchandise and any retained merchandise will be treated as domestic merchandise); ; and (E) in the flush text at the end, by striking the amount of each such duty, tax, and fee and all that follows through 99 percent of that duty, tax, or fee and inserting an amount calculated pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury under subsection (l) shall be refunded as drawback ; (3) in paragraph (3)(B), by striking the commercially interchangeable merchandise and inserting merchandise classifiable under the same 8-digit HTS subheading number as such imported merchandise ; and (4) by adding at the end the following: (5) (A) For purposes of paragraph (2) and except as provided in subparagraph (B), merchandise may not be substituted for imported merchandise for drawback purposes based on the 8-digit HTS subheading number if the article description for the 8-digit HTS subheading number under which the imported merchandise is classified begins with the term other . (B) In cases described in subparagraph (A), merchandise may be substituted for imported merchandise for drawback purposes if— (i) the other merchandise and such imported merchandise are classifiable under the same 10-digit HTS statistical reporting number; and (ii) the article description for that 10-digit HTS statistical reporting number does not begin with the term other . (6) (A) For purposes of paragraph (2), a drawback claimant may use the first 8 digits of the 10-digit Schedule B number for merchandise or an article to determine if the merchandise or article is classifiable under the same 8-digit HTS subheading number as the imported merchandise, without regard to whether the Schedule B number corresponds to more than one 8-digit HTS subheading number. (B) In this paragraph, the term Schedule B means the Department of Commerce Schedule B, Statistical Classification of Domestic and Foreign Commodities Exported from the United States. . (f) Liability for drawback claims Section 313(k) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313(k) ) is amended to read as follows: (k) Liability for drawback claims (1) In general Any person making a claim for drawback under this section shall be liable for the full amount of the drawback claimed. (2) Liability of importers An importer shall be liable for any drawback claim made by another person with respect to merchandise imported by the importer in an amount equal to the lesser of— (A) the amount of duties, taxes, and fees that the person claimed with respect to the imported merchandise; or (B) the amount of duties, taxes, and fees that the importer authorized the other person to claim with respect to the imported merchandise. (3) Joint and several liability Persons described in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be jointly and severally liable for the amount described in paragraph (2). . (g) Regulations Section 313(l) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313(l) ) is amended to read as follows: (l) Regulations (1) In general Allowance of the privileges provided for in this section shall be subject to compliance with such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe. (2) Calculation of drawback (A) In general Not later than the date that is 2 years after the date of the enactment of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (or, if later, the effective date provided for in section 406(q)(2)(B) of that Act), the Secretary shall prescribe regulations for determining the calculation of amounts refunded as drawback under this section. (B) Requirements The regulations required by subparagraph (A) for determining the calculation of amounts refunded as drawback under this section shall provide for a refund of up to 99 percent of the duties, taxes, and fees paid with respect to the imported merchandise, except that where there is substitution of the merchandise or article, then— (i) in the case of an article that is exported, the amount of the refund shall be equal to 99 percent of the lesser of— (I) the amount of duties, taxes, and fees paid with respect to the imported merchandise; or (II) the amount of duties, taxes, and fees that would apply to the exported article if the exported article were imported; and (ii) in the case of an article that is destroyed, the amount of the refund shall be an amount that is— (I) equal to 99 percent of the lesser of— (aa) the amount of duties, taxes, and fees paid with respect to the imported merchandise; and (bb) the amount of duties, taxes, and fees that would apply to the destroyed article if the destroyed article were imported; and (II) reduced by the value of materials recovered during destruction as provided in subsection (x). (3) Status reports on regulations Not later than the date that is one year after the date of the enactment of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, and annually thereafter until the regulations required by paragraph (2) are final, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the status of those regulations. . (h) Substitution of finished petroleum derivatives Section 313(p) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313(p) ) is amended— (1) by striking Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States each place it appears and inserting HTS ; and (2) in paragraph (3)(A)— (A) in clause (ii)(III), by striking , as so certified in a certificate of delivery or certificate of manufacture and delivery ; and (B) in the flush text at the end— (i) by striking , as so designated on the certificate of delivery or certificate of manufacture and delivery ; and (ii) by striking the last sentence and inserting the following: The party transferring the merchandise shall maintain records kept in the normal course of business to demonstrate the transfer. . (i) Packaging material Section 313(q) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313(q) ) is amended— (1) in paragraph (1), by striking of 99 percent of any duty, tax, or fee imposed under Federal law on such imported material and inserting in an amount calculated pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury under subsection (l) ; (2) in paragraph (2), by striking of 99 percent of any duty, tax, or fee imposed under Federal law on the imported or substituted merchandise used to manufacture or produce such material and inserting in an amount calculated pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury under subsection (l) ; and (3) in paragraph (3), by striking they contain and inserting it contains . (j) Filing of drawback claims Section 313(r) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313(r) ) is amended— (1) in paragraph (1)— (A) by striking the first sentence and inserting the following: A drawback entry shall be filed or applied for, as applicable, not later than 5 years after the date on which merchandise on which drawback is claimed was imported. ; (B) in the second sentence, by striking 3-year and inserting 5-year ; and (C) in the third sentence, by striking the Customs Service and inserting U.S. Customs and Border Protection ; (2) in paragraph (3)— (A) in subparagraph (A)— (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking The Customs Service and inserting U.S. Customs and Border Protection ; (ii) in clauses (i) and (ii), by striking the Customs Service each place it appears and inserting U.S. Customs and Border Protection ; and (iii) in clause (ii)(I), by striking 3-year and inserting 5-year ; and (B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the periods of time for retaining records set forth in subsection (t) of this section and and inserting the period of time for retaining records set forth in ; and (3) by adding at the end the following: (4) All drawback claims filed on and after the date that is 2 years after the date of the enactment of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (or, if later, the effective date provided for in section 406(q)(2)(B) of that Act) shall be filed electronically. . (k) Designation of merchandise by successor Section 313(s) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313(s) ) is amended— (1) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following: (B) subject to paragraphs (5) and (6) of subsection (j), imported merchandise, other merchandise classifiable under the same 8-digit HTS subheading number as such imported merchandise, or any combination of such imported merchandise and such other merchandise, that the predecessor received, before the date of succession, from the person who imported and paid any duties, taxes, and fees due on the imported merchandise; ; and (2) in paragraph (4), by striking certifies that and all that follows and inserting certifies that the transferred merchandise was not and will not be claimed by the predecessor. . (l) Drawback certificates Section 313 of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313 ) is amended by striking subsection (t). (m) Drawback for recovered materials Section 313(x) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313(x) ) is amended by striking and (c) and inserting (c), and (j) . (n) Definitions Section 313 of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1313 ) is amended by adding at the end the following: (z) Definitions In this section: (1) Directly The term directly means a transfer of merchandise or an article from one person to another person without any intermediate transfer. (2) HTS The term HTS means the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States. (3) Indirectly The term indirectly means a transfer of merchandise or an article from one person to another person with one or more intermediate transfers. . (o) Recordkeeping Section 508(c)(3) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1508(c)(3) ) is amended— (1) by striking 3rd and inserting 5th ; and (2) by striking payment and inserting liquidation . (p) Government Accountability Office report (1) In general Not later than one year after the issuance of the regulations required by subsection (l)(2) of section 313 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as added by subsection (g), the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a report on the modernization of drawback and refunds under section 313 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended by this section. (2) Contents The report required by paragraph (1) include the following: (A) An assessment of the modernization of drawback and refunds under section 313 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended by this section. (B) A description of drawback claims that were permissible before the effective date provided for in subsection (q) that are not permissible after that effective date and an identification of industries most affected. (C) A description of drawback claims that were not permissible before the effective date provided for in subsection (q) that are permissible after that effective date and an identification of industries most affected. (q) Effective date (1) In general The amendments made by this section shall— (A) take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act; and (B) except as provided in paragraphs (2)(B) and (3), apply to drawback claims filed on or after the date that is 2 years after such date of enactment. (2) Reporting of operability of Automated Commercial Environment computer system (A) In general Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and not later than 2 years after such date of enactment, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to Congress a report on— (i) the date on which the Automated Commercial Environment will be ready to process drawback claims; and (ii) the date on which the Automated Export System will be ready to accept proof of exportation under subsection (i) of section 313 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended by subsection (d). (B) Delay of effective date If the Secretary indicates in the report required by subparagraph (A) that the Automated Commercial Environment will not be ready to process drawback claims by the date that is 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the amendments made by this section shall apply to drawback claims filed on and after the date on which the Secretary certifies that the Automated Commercial Environment is ready to process drawback claims. (3) Transition rule During the one-year period beginning on the date that is 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act (or, if later, the effective date provided for in paragraph (2)(B)), a person may elect to file a claim for drawback under— (A) section 313 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended by this section; or (B) section 313 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act. 407. Elimination of consumptive demand exception to prohibition on importation of goods made with convict labor, forced labor, or indentured labor; report (a) Elimination of consumptive demand exception (1) In general Section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1307 ) is amended by striking The provisions of this section and all that follows through of the United States. . (2) Effective date The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall take effect on the date that is 15 days after the date of the enactment of this Act. (b) Report required Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a report on compliance with section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1307 ) that includes the following: (1) The number of instances in which merchandise was denied entry pursuant to that section during the 1-year period preceding the submission of the report. (2) A description of the merchandise denied entry pursuant to that section. (3) Such other information as the Commissioner considers appropriate with respect to monitoring and enforcing compliance with that section. V Prevention of evasion of antidumping and countervailing duty orders A Actions relating to enforcement of trade remedy laws 501. Prevention and investigation of evasion (a) In general The Tariff Act of 1930 is amended by inserting after section 516A ( 19 U.S.C. 1516a ) the following: 516B. Procedures for investigating claims of evasion of antidumping and countervailing duty orders (a) Definitions In this section: (1) Administering authority The term administering authority has the meaning given that term in section 771(1). (2) Appropriate congressional committees The term appropriate congressional committees means— (A) the Committee on Finance and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and (B) the Committee on Ways and Means and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives. (3) Commissioner The term Commissioner means the Commissioner responsible for U.S. Customs and Border Protection. (4) Covered merchandise The term covered merchandise means merchandise that is subject to— (A) a countervailing duty order issued under section 706 of the Tariff Act of 1930; (B) an antidumping duty order issued under section 736 of the Tariff Act of 1930; or (C) a finding issued under the Antidumping Act, 1921. (5) Eligible small business (A) In general The term eligible small business means any business concern which, in the Commissioner’s judgment, due to its small size, has neither adequate internal resources nor financial ability to obtain qualified outside assistance in preparing and submitting for consideration allegations of evasion. (B) Non-reviewability Any agency decision regarding whether a business concern is an eligible small business for purposes of section 311(b)(3) is not reviewable by any other agency or by any court. (6) Enter; entry The terms enter and entry refer to the entry, or withdrawal from warehouse for consumption, in the customs territory of the United States. (7) Evade; evasion The terms evade and evasion refer to entering covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States by means of any document or electronically transmitted data or information, written or oral statement, or act that is material and false, or any omission that is material, and that results in any cash deposit or other security or any amount of applicable antidumping or countervailing duties being reduced or not being applied with respect to the merchandise. (8) Interested party The term interested party has the meaning given the term in section 771(9) (other than subparagraph (A) or (B) of such section). (9) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of the Treasury. (10) Trade remedy laws The term trade remedy laws means title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930. (b) Trade Remedy Law Enforcement Division (1) Establishment (A) In general The Secretary of Homeland Security shall establish and maintain within the Office of International Trade of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, established under section 2(d) of the Act of March 3, 1927 (44 Stat. 1381, chapter 348; 19 U.S.C. 2072(d) ), a Trade Remedy Law Enforcement Division. (B) Composition The Trade Law Remedy Enforcement Division shall be composed of— (i) headquarters personnel led by a Director, who shall report to the Assistant Commissioner of the Office of International Trade; and (ii) a National Targeting and Analysis Group dedicated to preventing and countering evasion. (C) Duties The Trade Remedy Law Enforcement Division shall be dedicated— (i) to the development and administration of policies to prevent and counter evasion; (ii) to direct enforcement and compliance assessment activities concerning evasion; (iii) to the development and conduct of commercial risk assessment targeting with respect to cargo destined for the United States in accordance with paragraph (3); (iv) to issuing Trade Alerts described in paragraph (4); and (v) to the development of policies for the application of single entry and continuous bonds for entries of covered merchandise to sufficiently protect the collection of antidumping and countervailing duties commensurate with the level of risk of noncollection. (2) Duties of Director The duties of the Director of the Trade Remedy Law Enforcement Division shall include— (A) directing the trade enforcement and compliance assessment activities of U.S. Customs and Border Protection that concern evasion; (B) facilitating, promoting, and coordinating cooperation and the exchange of information between U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and other relevant agencies regarding evasion; (C) notifying on a timely basis the administering authority (as defined in section 771(1)) and the Commission (as defined in section 771(2)) of any finding, determination, civil action, or criminal action taken by U.S. Customs and Border Protection or other Federal agency regarding evasion; (D) serving as the primary liaison between U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the public regarding United States Government activities concerning evasion, including— (i) establish and administer the procedures described in subsection (c); (ii) upon request, provide technical assistance and advice to eligible small businesses to enable such businesses to prepare and submit allegations of evasion; and (iii) regularly consult with the public, the Commercial Customs Operations Advisory Committee, the Trade Support Network, and any other relevant parties and organizations regarding the development and implementation of regulations, interpretations, and policies related to countering evasion. (3) Preventing and countering evasion of the trade remedy laws In carrying out its duties with respect to preventing and countering evasion, the National Targeting and Analysis Group dedicated to preventing and countering evasion shall— (A) establish targeted risk assessment methodologies and standards— (i) for evaluating the risk that cargo destined for the United States may constitute evading covered merchandise; and (ii) for issuing, as appropriate, Trade Alerts described in paragraph (4); and (B) to the extent practicable and otherwise authorized by law, use information available from the Automated Commercial System, the Automated Commercial Environment computer system, the Automated Targeting System, the Automated Export System, the International Trade Data System, and the Treasury Enforcement Communications System, and any successor systems, to administer the methodologies and standards established under subparagraph (A). (4) Trade alerts Based upon the application of the targeted risk assessment methodologies and standards established under paragraph (3), the Director of the Trade Remedy Law Enforcement Division shall issue Trade Alerts or other such means of notification to directors of United States ports of entry directing further inspection, or physical examination or testing, of specific merchandise to ensure compliance with the trade remedy laws. (c) Procedures for investigating allegations of evasion (1) Initiation by petition or referral (A) In general Not later than 10 days after the date on which the Commissioner receives a petition described in subparagraph (B) or a referral described in subparagraph (C), the Commissioner shall initiate an investigation pursuant to this paragraph. (B) Petition described A petition described in this subparagraph is a petition that— (i) is filed with the Commissioner by any party who is an interested party with respect to covered merchandise; (ii) alleges that a person has entered covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States through evasion; and (iii) is accompanied by information reasonably available to the petitioner supporting the allegation. (C) Referral described A referral described in this subparagraph is information submitted to the Commissioner by any other Federal agency, including the Department of Commerce or the United States International Trade Commission, indicating that a person has entered covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States through evasion. (2) Determinations (A) Preliminary determination (i) In general Not later than 90 days after the date on which the Commissioner initiates an investigation under paragraph (1), the Commissioner shall issue a preliminary determination, based on information available to the Commissioner at the time of the determination, with respect to whether there is a reasonable basis to believe or suspect that the covered merchandise was entered into the customs territory of the United States through evasion. (ii) Extension The Commissioner may extend by not more than 45 days the time period specified in clause (i) if the Commissioner determines that sufficient information to make a preliminary determination under that clause is not available within that time period or the inquiry is unusually complex. (B) Final determination (i) In general Not later than 120 days after making a preliminary determination under subparagraph (A), the Commissioner shall make a final determination, based on substantial evidence, with respect to whether covered merchandise was entered into the customs territory of the United States through evasion. (ii) Extension The Commissioner may extend by not more than 60 days the time period specified in clause (i) if the Commissioner determines that sufficient information to make a final determination under that clause is not available within that time period or the inquiry is unusually complex. (iii) Opportunity for comment; hearing After making a preliminary determination under subparagraph (A) and before issuing a final determination under this subparagraph with respect to whether covered merchandise was entered into the customs territory of the United States through evasion, the Commissioner shall— (I) provide any person alleged to have entered the merchandise into the customs territory of the United States through evasion, and any person that is an interested party with respect to the merchandise, with an opportunity to be heard; (II) upon request, hold a hearing with respect to whether the covered merchandise was entered into the customs territory of the United States through evasion; and (III) provide an opportunity for public comment. (C) Authority to collect and verify additional information In making a preliminary determination under subparagraph (A) or a final determination under subparagraph (B), the Commissioner— (i) shall exercise all existing authorities to collect information needed to make the determination; and (ii) may collect such additional information as is necessary to make the determination through such methods as the Commissioner considers appropriate, including by— (I) issuing a questionnaire with respect to covered merchandise to— (aa) a person that filed a petition under paragraph (1)(B); (bb) a person alleged to have entered covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States through evasion; or (cc) any other person that is an interested party with respect to the covered merchandise; or (II) conducting verifications, including on-site verifications, of any relevant information. (D) Adverse inference (i) In general If the Commissioner finds that a person that filed a petition under paragraph (1)(B), a person alleged to have entered covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States through evasion, or a foreign producer or exporter, has failed to cooperate by not acting to the best of the person's ability to comply with a request for information, the Commissioner may, in making a preliminary determination under subparagraph (A) or a final determination under subparagraph (B), use an inference that is adverse to the interests of that person in selecting from among the facts otherwise available to determine whether evasion has occurred. (ii) Adverse inference described An adverse inference used under clause (i) may include reliance on information derived from— (I) the petition, if any, submitted under paragraph (1)(B) with respect to the covered merchandise; (II) a determination by the Commissioner in another investigation under this section; (III) an investigation or review by the administering authority under title VII; or (IV) any other information placed on the record. (E) Notification and publication Not later than 7 days after making a preliminary determination under subparagraph (A) or a final determination under subparagraph (B), the Commissioner shall— (i) provide notification of the determination to— (I) the administering authority; and (II) the person that submitted the petition under paragraph (1)(B) or the Federal agency that submitted the referral under paragraph (1)(C); and (ii) provide the determination for publication in the Federal Register. (3) Business proprietary information (A) Establishment of procedures For each investigation initiated under paragraph (1), the Commissioner shall establish procedures for the submission of business proprietary information under an administrative protective order that— (i) protects against public disclosure of such information; and (ii) for purposes of submitting comments to the Commissioner, provides limited access to such information for— (I) the person that submitted the petition under paragraph (1)(B) or the Federal agency that submitted the referral under paragraph (1)(C); and (II) the person alleged to have entered covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States through evasion. (B) Administration in accordance with other procedures The procedures established under subparagraph (A) shall be administered, to the maximum extent practicable, in accordance with administrative protective order procedures under section 777 by the administering authority. (C) Disclosure of business proprietary information The Commissioner shall, in accordance with the procedures established under subparagraph (A), make all business proprietary information presented to, or obtained by, the Commissioner during an investigation available to the persons specified in subparagraph (A)(ii) under an administrative protective order, regardless of when such information is submitted during an investigation. (4) Referrals to other Federal agencies (A) After preliminary determination Notwithstanding section 777 and subject to subparagraph (C), when the Commissioner makes an affirmative preliminary determination under paragraph (2)(A), the Commissioner shall, at the request of the head of another Federal agency, transmit the administrative record to the head of that agency. (B) After final determination Notwithstanding section 777 and subject to subparagraph (C), when the Commissioner makes an affirmative final determination under paragraph (2)(B), the Commissioner shall, at the request of the head of another Federal agency, transmit the complete administrative record to the head of that agency. (C) Protective orders Before transmitting an administrative record to the head of another Federal agency under subparagraph (A) or (B), the Commissioner shall verify that the other agency has in effect with respect to the administrative record a protective order that provides the same or a similar level of protection for the information in the administrative record as the protective order in effect with respect to such information under this subsection. (d) Effect of determinations (1) Effect of affirmative preliminary determination If the Commissioner makes a preliminary determination in accordance with subsection (c)(2)(A) that there is a reasonable basis to believe or suspect that covered merchandise was entered into the customs territory of the United States through evasion, the Commissioner shall— (A) suspend the liquidation of each unliquidated entry of the covered merchandise that is subject to the preliminary determination and that entered on or after the date of the initiation of the investigation under paragraph (1) and, pursuant to the Commissioner’s authority under section 504(b), extend liquidation of each unliquidated entry of the covered merchandise that is subject to the preliminary determination and that entered prior to the date of the initiation of the investigation under paragraph (1); (B) review and reassess the amount of bond or other security the importer is required to post for each entry of merchandise described in subparagraph (A); (C) require the posting of a cash deposit with respect to each entry of merchandise described in subparagraph (A); and (D) take such other measures as the Commissioner determines appropriate to ensure the collection of any duties that may be owed with respect to merchandise described in subparagraph (A) as a result of a final determination under subsection (c)(2)(B). (2) Effect of negative preliminary determination If the Commissioner makes a preliminary determination in accordance with subsection (c)(2)(A) that there is not a reasonable basis to believe or suspect that covered merchandise was entered into the customs territory of the United States through evasion, the Commissioner shall continue the investigation and notify the administering authority pending a final determination under subsection (c)(2)(B). (3) Effect of affirmative final determination If the Commissioner makes a final determination in accordance with subsection (c)(2)(B) that covered merchandise was entered into the customs territory of the United States through evasion, the Commissioner shall— (A) suspend or continue to suspend, as the case may be, the liquidation of each entry of the covered merchandise that is subject to the determination and that enters on or after the date of the determination and, pursuant to the Commissioner’s authority under section 504(b), extend or continue to extend, as the case may be, the liquidation of each entry of the covered merchandise that is subject to the determination and that entered prior to the date of the determination; (B) notify the administering authority of the determination and request that the administering authority— (i) identify the applicable antidumping or countervailing duty assessment rate for the entries for which liquidation is suspended under paragraph (1)(A) or subparagraph (A) of this paragraph; or (ii) if no such assessment rates are available at the time, identify the applicable cash deposit rate to be applied to the entries described in subparagraph (A), with the applicable antidumping or countervailing duty assessment rates to be provided as soon as such rates become available; (C) require the posting of cash deposits and assess duties on each entry of merchandise described in subparagraph (A) in accordance with the instructions received from the administering authority under paragraph (5); (D) review and reassess the amount of bond or other security the importer is required to post for merchandise described in subparagraph (A) to ensure the protection of revenue and compliance with the law; and (E) take such additional enforcement measures as the Commissioner determines appropriate, such as— (i) initiating proceedings under section 592 or 596; (ii) implementing, in consultation with the relevant Federal agencies, rule sets or modifications to rules sets for identifying, particularly through the Automated Targeting System and the Automated Commercial Environment, importers, other parties, and merchandise that may be associated with evasion; (iii) requiring, with respect to merchandise for which the importer has repeatedly provided incomplete or erroneous entry summary information in connection with determinations of evasion, the importer to submit entry summary documentation and to deposit estimated duties at the time of entry; (iv) referring the record in whole or in part to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement for civil or criminal investigation; and (v) transmitting the administrative record to the administering authority for further appropriate proceedings. (4) Effect of negative final determination If the Commissioner makes a final determination in accordance with subsection (c)(2)(B) that covered merchandise was not entered into the customs territory of the United States through evasion, the Commissioner shall terminate the suspension of liquidation pursuant to paragraph (1)(A) and refund any cash deposits collected pursuant to paragraph (1)(C) that are in excess of the cash deposit rate that would otherwise have been applicable the merchandise. (5) Cooperation of administering authority (A) In general Upon receiving a notification from the Commissioner under paragraph (3)(B), the administering authority shall promptly provide to the Commissioner the applicable cash deposit rates and antidumping or countervailing duty assessment rates and any necessary liquidation instructions. (B) Special rule for cases in which the producer or exporter is unknown If the Commissioner and administering authority are unable to determine the producer or exporter of the merchandise with respect to which a notification is made under paragraph (3)(B), the administering authority shall identify, as the applicable cash deposit rate or antidumping or countervailing duty assessment rate, the cash deposit or duty (as the case may be) in the highest amount applicable to any producer or exporter, including the all-others rate of the merchandise subject to an antidumping order or countervailing duty order under section 736 or 706, respectively, or a finding issued under the Antidumping Act, 1921, or any administrative review conducted under section 751. (e) Special rules (1) Effect on other authorities Neither the initiation of an investigation under subsection (c)(1) nor a preliminary determination or a final determination under subsection (c)(2) shall affect the authority of the Commissioner— (A) to pursue such other enforcement measures with respect to the evasion of antidumping or countervailing duties as the Commissioner determines necessary, including enforcement measures described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subsection (d)(3)(E); or (B) to assess any penalties or collect any applicable duties, taxes, and fees, including pursuant to section 592. (2) Effect of determinations on fraud actions Neither a preliminary determination nor a final determination under subsection (c)(2) shall be determinative in a proceeding under section 592. (3) Negligence or intent The Commissioner shall investigate and make a preliminary determination or a final determination under this section with respect to whether a person has entered covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States through evasion without regard to whether the person— (A) intended to violate an antidumping duty order or countervailing duty order under section 736 or 706, respectively, or a finding issued under the Antidumping Act, 1921; or (B) exercised reasonable care with respect to avoiding a violation of such an order or finding. . (b) Technical amendment Clause (ii) of section 777(b)(1)(A) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1677f(b)(1)(A) ) is amended to read as follows: (ii) to an officer or employee of U.S. Customs and Border Protection who is directly involved in conducting an investigation regarding fraud under this title or claims of evasion under section 516B. . (c) Judicial review Section 516A(a)(2) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1516a(a)(2) ) is amended— (1) in subparagraph (A)— (A) in clause (i)(III), by striking or at the end; (B) in clause (ii), by adding or at the end; and (C) by inserting after clause (ii) the following: (iii) the date of publication in the Federal Register of a determination described in clause (ix) of subparagraph (B), ; and (2) in subparagraph (B), by adding at the end the following new clause: (ix) A determination by the Commissioner responsible for U.S. Customs and Border Protection under section 516B that merchandise has been entered into the customs territory of the United States through evasion. . (d) Finality of determinations Section 514(b) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1514(b) ) is amended by striking section 303 and all that follows through which are reviewable and inserting section 516B or title VII that are reviewable . 502. Application to Canada and Mexico Pursuant to article 1902 of the North American Free Trade Agreement and section 408 of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act ( 19 U.S.C. 3438 ), the amendments made by this title shall apply with respect to goods from Canada and Mexico. B Other matters 511. Definitions In this subtitle, the terms appropriate congressional committees , Commissioner , covered merchandise , enter and entry , and evade and evasion have the meanings given those terms in section 516B(a) of the Tariff Act of 1930 (as added by section 501(a) of this Act). 512. Allocation and training of personnel (a) Reassignment and allocation The Commissioner shall, to the maximum extent possible, ensure that U.S. Customs and Border Protection— (1) employs sufficient personnel who have expertise in, and responsibility for, preventing and investigating the entry of covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States through evasion; (2) on the basis of risk assessment metrics, assigns sufficient personnel with primary responsibility for preventing the entry of covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States through evasion to the ports of entry in the United States at which the Commissioner determines potential evasion presents the most substantial threats to the revenue of the United States; and (3) provides adequate training to relevant personnel to increase expertise and effectiveness in the prevention and investigation of entries of covered merchandise into the customs territory of the United States through evasion. (b) Commercial enforcement officers Not later than 30 days after the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Commissioner, and the Assistant Secretary for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement shall assess and properly allocate the resources of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement— (1) to effectively implement the provisions of, and amendments made by, this Act; and (2) to improve efforts to investigate and combat evasion. 513. Regulations (a) In general Not later than 240 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commissioner shall issue regulations to carry out this title and the amendments made by this title. (b) Cooperation between U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and Department of Commerce Not later than 240 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commissioner, the Assistant Secretary for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and the Secretary of Commerce shall establish procedures to ensure maximum cooperation and communication between U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and the Department of Commerce in order to quickly, efficiently, and accurately investigate allegations of evasion under section 516B of the Tariff Act of 1930 (as added by section 501(a) of this Act). 514. Annual report on prevention of evasion of antidumping and countervailing duty orders (a) In general Not later than February 28 of each year, beginning in 2016, the Commissioner, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce and the Assistant Secretary for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the efforts being taken to prevent and investigate evasion. (b) Contents Each report required under subsection (a) shall include— (1) for the calendar year preceding the submission of the report— (A) a summary of the efforts of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to prevent and investigate evasion; (B) the number of allegations of evasion received and the number of allegations of evasion resulting in investigations by U.S. Customs and Border Protection or any other agency; (C) a summary of the completed investigations of evasion, including the number and nature of the investigations initiated, conducted, or completed, as well as their resolution; (D) with respect to investigations that lead to lead to issuance of a penalty notice, the penalty amounts; (E) the amounts of antidumping and countervailing duties collected as a result of any investigations or other actions by U.S. Customs and Border Protection or any other agency; (F) a description of the allocation of personnel and other resources of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to prevent and investigation evasion, including any assessments conducted regarding the allocation of such personnel and resources; and (G) a description of training conducted to increase expertise and effectiveness in the prevention and investigation of evasion; and (2) a description of U.S. Customs and Border Protection processes and procedures to prevent and investigate evasion, including— (A) the specific guidelines, policies, and practices used by U.S. Customs and Border Protection to ensure that allegations of evasion are promptly evaluated and acted upon in a timely manner; (B) an evaluation of the efficacy of such existing guidelines, policies, and practices; (C) identification of any changes since the last report that have materially improved or reduced the effectiveness of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to prevent and investigate evasion; (D) a description of the development and implementation of policies for the application of single entry and continuous bonds for entries of covered merchandise to sufficiently protect the collection of antidumping and countervailing duties commensurate with the level of risk on noncollection; (E) the processes and procedures for increased cooperation and information sharing with the Department of Commerce, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and any other relevant Federal agencies to prevent and investigate evasion; and (F) identification of any recommended policy changes of other Federal agencies or legislative changes to improve the effectiveness of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to prevent and investigate evasion. 515. Government Accountability Office report on reliquidation authority Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees, and make available to the public, a report estimating the amount of duties that could not be collected on covered merchandise that entered the customs territory of the United States through evasion during fiscal years 2014 and 2015 because the Commissioner did not have the authority to reliquidate the entries of such merchandise. 516. Addressing circumvention by new shippers Section 751(a)(2)(B) of the Tariff Act of 1930 ( 19 U.S.C. 1675(a)(2)(B) ) is amended— (1) by striking clause (iii); (2) by redesignating clause (iv) as clause (iii); and (3) inserting after clause (iii), as redesignated by paragraph (2) of this section, the following: (iv) Any weighted average dumping margin or individual countervailing duty rate determined for an exporter or producer in a review conducted under clause (i) shall be based solely on the bona fide United States sales of an exporter or producer, as the case may be, made during the period covered by the review. In determining whether the United States sales of an exporter or producer made during the period covered by the review were bona fide, the administering authority shall consider, depending on the circumstances surrounding such sales— (I) the prices of such sales; (II) whether such sales were made in commercial quantities; (III) the timing of such sales; (IV) the expenses arising from such sales; (V) whether the subject merchandise involved in such sales were resold in the United States at a profit; (VI) whether such sales were made on an arms-length basis; and (VII) any other factor the administering authority determines to be relevant as to whether such sales are, or are not, likely to be typical of those the exporter or producer will make after completion of the review. .