II 113th CONGRESS 1st Session S. 1302 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES July 16 (legislative day, July 15), 2013 Mr. Harkin (for himself, Mr. Roberts , Mrs. Murray , Ms. Murkowski , and Mr. Franken ) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions A BILL To amend the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide for cooperative and small employer charity pension plans.

1. Short title; table of contents (a) Short title This Act may be cited as the Cooperative and Small Employer Charity Pension Flexibility Act . (b) Table of contents The table of contents of this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Congressional findings and declarations of policy. Sec. 3. Definition of cooperative and small employer charity pension plans. Sec. 4. Funding rules applicable to cooperative and small employer charity pension plans. Sec. 5. Transparency. Sec. 6. Elections. Sec. 7. Pension insurance program modifications. Sec. 8. Sponsor education and assistance. Sec. 9. Effective date. 2. Congressional findings and declarations of policy Congress finds as follows: (1) Defined benefit pension plans are a cost-effective way for cooperative associations and charities to provide their employees with economic security in retirement. (2) Many cooperative associations and charitable organizations are only able to provide their employees with defined benefit pension plans because those organizations are able to pool their resources using the multiple employer plan structure. (3) The pension funding rules should encourage cooperative associations and charities to continue to provide their employees with pension benefits. 3. Definition of cooperative and small employer charity pension plans (a) Amendment to ERISA Section 210 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( 29 U.S.C. 1060 ) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (f) Cooperative and small employer charity pension plans (1) In general For purposes of this title, except as provided in this subsection, a CSEC plan is a defined benefit plan (other than a multiemployer plan)— (A) to which section 104 of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 applies, without regard to— (i) section 104(a)(2) of such Act; (ii) the amendments to such section 104 by section 202(b) of the Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act of 2010; and (iii) paragraph (3)(B); or (B) that, as of January 1, 2013, was maintained by more than one employer and all of the employers were organizations described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (2) Aggregation All employers that are treated as a single employer under subsection (b) or (c) of section 414 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall be treated as a single employer for purposes of determining if a plan was maintained by more than one employer under paragraph (1)(B). . (b) Amendment to Code Section 414 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (y) Cooperative and small employer charity pension plans (1) In general For purposes of this title, except as provided in this subsection, a CSEC plan is a defined benefit plan (other than a multiemployer plan)— (A) to which section 104 of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 applies, without regard to— (i) section 104(a)(2) of such Act; (ii) the amendments to such section 104 by section 202(b) of the Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act of 2010; and (iii) paragraph (3)(B); or (B) that, as of January 1, 2013, was maintained by more than one employer and all of the employers were organizations described in section 501(c)(3). (2) Aggregation All employers that are treated as a single employer under subsection (b) or (c) shall be treated as a single employer for purposes of determining if a plan was maintained by more than one employer under paragraph (1)(B). . 4. Funding rules applicable to cooperative and small employer charity pension plans (a) Amendments to ERISA (1) Minimum funding standards under ERISA Part 3 of title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( 29 U.S.C. 1081 et seq. ) is amended by adding at the end the following new section: 306. Minimum funding standards (a) General rule For purposes of section 302, the term accumulated funding deficiency for a CSEC plan means the excess of the total charges to the funding standard account for all plan years (beginning with the first plan year to which section 302 applies) over the total credits to such account for such years or, if less, the excess of the total charges to the alternative minimum funding standard account for such plan years over the total credits to such account for such years. (b) Funding standard account (1) Account required Each plan to which this section applies shall establish and maintain a funding standard account. Such account shall be credited and charged solely as provided in this section. (2) Charges to account For a plan year, the funding standard account shall be charged with the sum of— (A) the normal cost of the plan for the plan year, (B) the amounts necessary to amortize in equal annual installments (until fully amortized)— (i) in the case of a plan in existence on January 1, 1974, the unfunded past service liability under the plan on the first day of the first plan year to which section 302 applies, over a period of 40 plan years, (ii) in the case of a plan which comes into existence after January 1, 1974, but before the first day of the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, the unfunded past service liability under the plan on the first day of the first plan year to which section 302 applies, over a period of 30 plan years, (iii) in the case of a plan that comes into existence on or after the first day of the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, the unfunded past liability under the plan on the first day of the first plan year to which section 302 applies, over a period of 15 years, (iv) in the case of a plan that is subject to section 303 for the last plan year beginning before January 1, 2014, the sum of— (I) the plan’s funding standard carryover balance and prefunding balance (as such terms are defined in section 303(f)) as of the end of such plan year, and (II) the unfunded past service liability under the plan for the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, over a period of 15 years, (v) separately, with respect to each plan year, the net increase (if any) in unfunded past service liability under the plan arising from plan amendments adopted in such year, over a period of 15 plan years, (vi) separately, with respect to each plan year, the net experience loss (if any) under the plan, over a period of 5 plan years, and (vii) separately, with respect to each plan year, the net loss (if any) resulting from changes in actuarial assumptions used under the plan, over a period of 10 plan years, (C) the amount necessary to amortize each waived funding deficiency (within the meaning of section 302(c)(3)) for each prior plan year in equal annual installments (until fully amortized) over a period of 5 plan years, (D) the amount necessary to amortize in equal annual installments (until fully amortized) over a period of 5 plan years any amount credited to the funding standard account under paragraph (3)(D), and (E) the amount necessary to amortize in equal annual installments (until fully amortized) over a period of 20 years the contributions which would be required to be made under the plan but for the provisions of section 302(c)(7)(A)(i)(I) (as in effect on the day before the enactment of the Pension Protection Act of 2006). (3) Credits to account For a plan year, the funding standard account shall be credited with the sum of— (A) the amount considered contributed by the employer to or under the plan for the plan year, (B) the amount necessary to amortize in equal annual installments (until fully amortized)— (i) separately, with respect to each plan year, the net decrease (if any) in unfunded past service liability under the plan arising from plan amendments adopted in such year, over a period of 15 plan years, (ii) separately, with respect to each plan year, the net experience gain (if any) under the plan, over a period of 5 plan years, and (iii) separately, with respect to each plan year, the net gain (if any) resulting from changes in actuarial assumptions used under the plan, over a period of 10 plan years, (C) the amount of the waived funding deficiency (within the meaning of section 302(c)(3)) for the plan year, (D) in the case of a plan year for which the accumulated funding deficiency is determined under the funding standard account if such plan year follows a plan year for which such deficiency was determined under the alternative minimum funding standard, the excess (if any) of any debit balance in the funding standard account (determined without regard to this subparagraph) over any debit balance in the alternative minimum funding standard account, and (E) for the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, in the case of a plan that is subject to section 303 for the last plan year beginning before January 1, 2014, the sum of the plan’s funding standard carryover balance and prefunding balance (as such terms are defined in section 302(f)) as of the end of the last plan year beginning before January 1, 2014. (4) Combining and offsetting amounts to be amortized Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, amounts required to be amortized under paragraph (2) or paragraph (3), as the case may be— (A) may be combined into one amount under such paragraph to be amortized over a period determined on the basis of the remaining amortization period for all items entering into such combined amount, and (B) may be offset against amounts required to be amortized under the other such paragraph, with the resulting amount to be amortized over a period determined on the basis of the remaining amortization periods for all items entering into whichever of the two amounts being offset is the greater. (5) Interest (A) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the funding standard account (and items therein) shall be charged or credited (as determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury) with interest at the appropriate rate consistent with the rate or rates of interest used under the plan to determine costs. (B) Exception The interest rate used for purposes of computing the amortization charge described in subsection (b)(2)(C) or for purposes of any arrangement under subsection (d) for any plan year shall be greater of (i) 150 percent of the Federal mid-term rate (as in effect under section 1274 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for the 1st month of such plan year), or (ii) the rate of interest determined under subparagraph (A). (6) Amortization schedules in effect Amortization schedules for amounts described in paragraphs (2) and (3) that are in effect as of the last day of the last plan year beginning before January 1, 2014, by reason of section 104 of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 shall remain in effect pursuant to their terms and this section, except that such amounts shall not be amortized again under this section. In the case of a plan that is subject to section 303 for the last plan year beginning before January 1, 2014, any amortization schedules and bases for plan years beginning before such date shall be reduced to zero. (c) Special rules (1) Determinations to be made under funding method For purposes of this section, normal costs, accrued liability, past service liabilities, and experience gains and losses shall be determined under the funding method used to determine costs under the plan. (2) Valuation of assets (A) In general For purposes of this section, the value of the plan’s assets shall be determined on the basis of any reasonable actuarial method of valuation which takes into account fair market value and which is permitted under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. (B) Dedicated bond portfolio The Secretary of the Treasury may by regulations provide that the value of any dedicated bond portfolio of a plan shall be determined by using the interest rate under section 302(b)(5) (as in effect on the day before the enactment of the Pension Protection Act of 2006). (3) Actuarial assumptions must be reasonable For purposes of this section, all costs, liabilities, rates of interest, and other factors under the plan shall be determined on the basis of actuarial assumptions and methods— (A) each of which is reasonable (taking into account the experience of the plan and reasonable expectations) or which, in the aggregate, result in a total contribution equivalent to that which would be determined if each such assumption and method were reasonable, and (B) which, in combination, offer the actuary’s best estimate of anticipated experience under the plan. (4) Treatment of certain changes as experience gain or loss For purposes of this section, if— (A) a change in benefits under the Social Security Act or in other retirement benefits created under Federal or State law, or (B) a change in the definition of the term wages under section 3121 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or a change in the amount of such wages taken into account under regulations prescribed for purposes of section 401(a)(5) of such Code, results in an increase or decrease in accrued liability under a plan, such increase or decrease shall be treated as an experience loss or gain. (5) Funding method and plan year (A) Funding methods available All funding methods available to CSEC plans under section 302 (as in effect on the day before the enactment of the Pension Protection Act of 2006) shall continue to be available under this section. (B) Not affected by cessation of benefit accruals The availability of any funding method, including all spread gain funding methods, shall not be affected by whether benefit accruals under a plan have ceased. Except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (C) or in regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, if benefit accruals have ceased under a plan, the spread gain funding methods may be applied by amortizing over the average expected future lives of all participants. (C) Minimum amount In the case of a plan amortizing over the average expected future lives of all participants pursuant to subparagraph (B), such amortization amount for any plan year shall not be less than the sum of— (i) the amount determined by amortizing, as of the first year for which the plan amortizes over the average future lives of all participants, the entire unfunded past service liability in equal installments over 15 years, and (ii) the amount determined by amortizing any increase or decrease in such unfunded past service liability in any subsequent year, other than an increase or decrease attributable to contributions or expected experience, in equal installments over 15 years. (D) Changes If the funding method for a plan is changed, the new funding method shall become the funding method used to determine costs and liabilities under the plan only if the change is approved by the Secretary of the Treasury. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any change made pursuant to, or permitted by, subparagraph (B) if such change is made for the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013. Any such change may be made without the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury. If the plan year for a plan is changed, the new plan year shall become the plan year for the plan only if the change is approved by the Secretary of the Treasury. (6) Full funding If, as of the close of a plan year, a plan would (without regard to this paragraph) have an accumulated funding deficiency (determined without regard to the alternative minimum funding standard account permitted under subsection (e)) in excess of the full funding limitation— (A) the funding standard account shall be credited with the amount of such excess, and (B) all amounts described in paragraphs (2)(B), (C), (D), and (E) and (3)(B) of subsection (b) which are required to be amortized shall be considered fully amortized for purposes of such paragraphs. (7) Full-funding limitation For purposes of paragraph (6), the term full-funding limitation means the excess (if any) of— (A) the accrued liability (including normal cost) under the plan (determined under the entry age normal funding method if such accrued liability cannot be directly calculated under the funding method used for the plan), over (B) the lesser of— (i) the fair market value of the plan’s assets, or (ii) the value of such assets determined under paragraph (2). (C) Minimum amount (i) In general In no event shall the full-funding limitation determined under subparagraph (A) be less than the excess (if any) of— (I) 90 percent of the current liability (determined without regard to paragraph (4) of subsection (h)) of the plan (including the expected increase in such current liability due to benefits accruing during the plan year), over (II) the value of the plan’s assets determined under paragraph (2). (ii) Assets For purposes of clause (i), assets shall not be reduced by any credit balance in the funding standard account. (8) Annual valuation (A) In general For purposes of this section, a determination of experience gains and losses and a valuation of the plan’s liability shall be made not less frequently than once every year, except that such determination shall be made more frequently to the extent required in particular cases under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. (B) Valuation date (i) Current year Except as provided in clause (ii), the valuation referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be made as of a date within the plan year to which the valuation refers or within one month prior to the beginning of such year. (ii) Use of prior year valuation The valuation referred to in subparagraph (A) may be made as of a date within the plan year prior to the year to which the valuation refers if, as of such date, the value of the assets of the plan are not less than 100 percent of the plan’s current liability. (iii) Adjustments Information under clause (ii) shall, in accordance with regulations, be actuarially adjusted to reflect significant differences in participants. (iv) Limitation A change in funding method to use a prior year valuation, as provided in clause (ii), may not be made unless as of the valuation date within the prior plan year, the value of the assets of the plan are not less than 125 percent of the plan’s current liability. (9) Time when certain contributions deemed made For purposes of this section, any contributions for a plan year made by an employer during the period— (A) beginning on the day after the last day of such plan year, and (B) ending on the day which is 8 ½ months after the close of the plan year, shall be deemed to have been made on such last day. (10) Anticipation of benefit increases effective in the future In determining projected benefits, the funding method of a collectively bargained CSEC plan described in section 413(a) (other than a multiemployer plan) shall anticipate benefit increases scheduled to take effect during the term of the collective bargaining agreement applicable to the plan. (d) Extension of amortization periods The period of years required to amortize any unfunded liability (described in any clause of subsection (b)(2)(B)) of any plan may be extended by the Secretary of the Treasury for a period of time (not in excess of 10 years) if such Secretary determines that such extension would provide adequate protection for participants under the plan and their beneficiaries and if such Secretary determines that the failure to permit such extension would result in— (1) a substantial risk to the voluntary continuation of the plan, or (2) a substantial curtailment of pension benefit levels or employee compensation. (e) Alternative minimum funding standard (1) In general A CSEC plan which uses a funding method that requires contributions in all years not less than those required under the entry age normal funding method may maintain an alternative minimum funding standard account for any plan year. Such account shall be credited and charged solely as provided in this subsection. (2) Charges and credits to account For a plan year the alternative minimum funding standard account shall be— (A) charged with the sum of— (i) the lesser of normal cost under the funding method used under the plan or normal cost determined under the unit credit method, (ii) the excess, if any, of the present value of accrued benefits under the plan over the fair market value of the assets, and (iii) an amount equal to the excess (if any) of credits to the alternative minimum standard account for all prior plan years over charges to such account for all such years, and (B) credited with the amount considered contributed by the employer to or under the plan for the plan year. (3) Special rules The alternative minimum funding standard account (and items therein) shall be charged or credited with interest in the manner provided under subsection (b)(5) with respect to the funding standard account. (f) Quarterly contributions required (1) In general If a CSEC plan which has a funded current liability percentage for the preceding plan year of less than 100 percent fails to pay the full amount of a required installment for the plan year, then the rate of interest charged to the funding standard account under subsection (b)(5) with respect to the amount of the underpayment for the period of the underpayment shall be equal to the greater of— (A) 175 percent of the Federal mid-term rate (as in effect under section 1274 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 for the 1st month of such plan year), or (B) the rate of interest used under the plan in determining costs. (2) Amount of underpayment, period of underpayment For purposes of paragraph (1)— (A) Amount The amount of the underpayment shall be the excess of— (i) the required installment, over (ii) the amount (if any) of the installment contributed to or under the plan on or before the due date for the installment. (B) Period of underpayment The period for which interest is charged under this subsection with regard to any portion of the underpayment shall run from the due date for the installment to the date on which such portion is contributed to or under the plan (determined without regard to subsection (c)(9)). (C) Order of crediting contributions For purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), contributions shall be credited against unpaid required installments in the order in which such installments are required to be paid. (3) Number of required installments; due dates For purposes of this subsection— (A) Payable in 4 installments There shall be 4 required installments for each plan year. (B) Time for payment of installments In the case of the following required installments: The due date is: 1st April 15  2nd July 15  3rd October 15  4th January 15 of the following year. (4) Amount of required installment For purposes of this subsection— (A) In general The amount of any required installment shall be 25 percent of the required annual payment. (B) Required annual payment For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term required annual payment means the lesser of— (i) 90 percent of the amount required to be contributed to or under the plan by the employer for the plan year under section 302 (without regard to any waiver under subsection (c) thereof), or (ii) 100 percent of the amount so required for the preceding plan year. Clause (ii) shall not apply if the preceding plan year was not a year of 12 months. (5) Liquidity requirement (A) In general A plan to which this paragraph applies shall be treated as failing to pay the full amount of any required installment to the extent that the value of the liquid assets paid in such installment is less than the liquidity shortfall (whether or not such liquidity shortfall exceeds the amount of such installment required to be paid but for this paragraph). (B) Plans to which paragraph Applies This paragraph shall apply to a CSEC plan other than a plan described in section 302(l)(6)(A) (as in effect on the day before the enactment of the Pension Protection Act of 2006) which— (i) is required to pay installments under this subsection for a plan year, and (ii) has a liquidity shortfall for any quarter during such plan year. (C) Period of underpayment For purposes of paragraph (1), any portion of an installment that is treated as not paid under subparagraph (A) shall continue to be treated as unpaid until the close of the quarter in which the due date for such installment occurs. (D) Limitation on increase If the amount of any required installment is increased by reason of subparagraph (A), in no event shall such increase exceed the amount which, when added to prior installments for the plan year, is necessary to increase the funded current liability percentage (taking into account the expected increase in current liability due to benefits accruing during the plan year) to 100 percent. (E) Definitions For purposes of this paragraph: (i) Liquidity shortfall The term liquidity shortfall means, with respect to any required installment, an amount equal to the excess (as of the last day of the quarter for which such installment is made) of the base amount with respect to such quarter over the value (as of such last day) of the plan’s liquid assets. (ii) Base amount (I) In general The term base amount means, with respect to any quarter, an amount equal to 3 times the sum of the adjusted disbursements from the plan for the 12 months ending on the last day of such quarter. (II) Special rule If the amount determined under subclause (I) exceeds an amount equal to 2 times the sum of the adjusted disbursements from the plan for the 36 months ending on the last day of the quarter and an enrolled actuary certifies to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Treasury that such excess is the result of nonrecurring circumstances, the base amount with respect to such quarter shall be determined without regard to amounts related to those nonrecurring circumstances. (iii) Disbursements from the plan The term disbursements from the plan means all disbursements from the trust, including purchases of annuities, payments of single sums and other benefits, and administrative expenses. (iv) Adjusted disbursements The term adjusted disbursements means disbursements from the plan reduced by the product of— (I) the plan’s funded current liability percentage for the plan year, and (II) the sum of the purchases of annuities, payments of single sums, and such other disbursements as the Secretary of the Treasury shall provide in regulations. (v) Liquid assets The term liquid assets means cash, marketable securities and such other assets as specified by the Secretary of the Treasury in regulations. (vi) Quarter The term quarter means, with respect to any required installment, the 3-month period preceding the month in which the due date for such installment occurs. (F) Regulations The Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out this paragraph. (6) Fiscal years and short years (A) Fiscal years In applying this subsection to a plan year beginning on any date other than January 1, there shall be substituted for the months specified in this subsection, the months which correspond thereto. (B) Short plan year This subsection shall be applied to plan years of less than 12 months in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. (g) Imposition of lien where failure To make required contributions (1) In general In the case of a plan to which this section applies, if— (A) any person fails to make a required installment under subsection (f) or any other payment required under this section before the due date for such installment or other payment, and (B) the unpaid balance of such installment or other payment (including interest), when added to the aggregate unpaid balance of all preceding such installments or other payments for which payment was not made before the due date (including interest), exceeds $1,000,000, then there shall be a lien in favor of the plan in the amount determined under paragraph (3) upon all property and rights to property, whether real or personal, belonging to such person and any other person who is a member of the same controlled group of which such person is a member. (2) Plans to which subsection Applies This subsection shall apply to a CSEC plan for any plan year for which the funded current liability percentage of such plan is less than 100 percent. This subsection shall not apply to any plan to which section 4021 does not apply (as such section is in effect on the date of the enactment of the Retirement Protection Act of 1994). (3) Amount of lien For purposes of paragraph (1), the amount of the lien shall be equal to the aggregate unpaid balance of required installments and other payments required under this section (including interest)— (A) for plan years beginning after 1987, and (B) for which payment has not been made before the due date. (4) Notice of failure; lien (A) Notice of failure A person committing a failure described in paragraph (1) shall notify the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation of such failure within 10 days of the due date for the required installment or other payment. (B) Period of lien The lien imposed by paragraph (1) shall arise on the due date for the required installment or other payment and shall continue until the last day of the first plan year in which the plan ceases to be described in paragraph (1)(B). Such lien shall continue to run without regard to whether such plan continues to be described in paragraph (2) during the period referred to in the preceding sentence. (C) Certain rules to Apply Any amount with respect to which a lien is imposed under paragraph (1) shall be treated as taxes due and owing the United States and rules similar to the rules of subsections (c), (d), and (e) of section 4068 shall apply with respect to a lien imposed by subsection (a) and the amount with respect to such lien. (5) Enforcement Any lien created under paragraph (1) may be perfected and enforced only by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, or at the direction of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, by the contributing sponsor (or any member of the controlled group of the contributing sponsor). (6) Definitions For purposes of this subsection— (A) Due date; required installment The terms due date and required installment have the meanings given such terms by subsection (f), except that in the case of a payment other than a required installment, the due date shall be the date such payment is required to be made under this section. (B) Controlled group The term controlled group means any group treated as a single employer under subsections (b), (c), (m), and (o) of section 414 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (h) Current liability For purposes of this section— (1) In general The term current liability means all liabilities to employees and their beneficiaries under the plan. (2) Treatment of unpredictable contingent event benefits (A) In general For purposes of paragraph (1), any unpredictable contingent event benefit shall not be taken into account until the event on which the benefit is contingent occurs. (B) Unpredictable contingent event benefit The term unpredictable contingent event benefit means any benefit contingent on an event other than— (i) age, service, compensation, death, or disability, or (ii) an event which is reasonably and reliably predictable (as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury). (3) Interest rate and mortality assumptions used (A) Interest rate The rate of interest used to determine current liability under this section shall be the third segment rate determined under section 303(h)(2)(C). (B) Mortality tables (i) Commissioners’ standard table In the case of plan years beginning before the first plan year to which the first tables prescribed under clause (ii) apply, the mortality table used in determining current liability under this subsection shall be the table prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury which is based on the prevailing commissioners’ standard table (described in section 807(d)(5)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) used to determine reserves for group annuity contracts issued on January 1, 1993. (ii) Secretarial authority The Secretary of the Treasury may by regulation prescribe for plan years beginning after December 31, 1999, mortality tables to be used in determining current liability under this subsection. Such tables shall be based upon the actual experience of pension plans and projected trends in such experience. In prescribing such tables, the Secretary of the Treasury shall take into account results of available independent studies of mortality of individuals covered by pension plans. (iii) Periodic review The Secretary of the Treasury shall periodically (at least every 5 years) review any tables in effect under this subsection and shall, to the extent the Secretary of the Treasury determines necessary, by regulation update the tables to reflect the actual experience of pension plans and projected trends in such experience. (C) Separate mortality tables for the disabled Notwithstanding subparagraph (B)— (i) In general In the case of plan years beginning after December 31, 1995, the Secretary of the Treasury shall establish mortality tables which may be used (in lieu of the tables under subparagraph (B)) to determine current liability under this subsection for individuals who are entitled to benefits under the plan on account of disability. The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish separate tables for individuals whose disabilities occur in plan years beginning before January 1, 1995, and for individuals whose disabilities occur in plan years beginning on or after such date. (ii) Special rule for disabilities occurring after 1994 In the case of disabilities occurring in plan years beginning after December 31, 1994, the tables under clause (i) shall apply only with respect to individuals described in such subclause who are disabled within the meaning of title II of the Social Security Act and the regulations thereunder. (4) Certain service disregarded (A) In general In the case of a participant to whom this paragraph applies, only the applicable percentage of the years of service before such individual became a participant shall be taken into account in computing the current liability of the plan. (B) Applicable percentage For purposes of this subparagraph, the applicable percentage shall be determined as follows: If the years of participation are: The applicable percentage is: 1 20 2 40 3 60 4 80 5 or more 100. (C) Participants to whom paragraph Applies This subparagraph shall apply to any participant who, at the time of becoming a participant— (i) has not accrued any other benefit under any defined benefit plan (whether or not terminated) maintained by the employer or a member of the same controlled group of which the employer is a member, (ii) who first becomes a participant under the plan in a plan year beginning after December 31, 1987, and (iii) has years of service greater than the minimum years of service necessary for eligibility to participate in the plan. (D) Election An employer may elect not to have this subparagraph apply. Such an election, once made, may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary of the Treasury. (i) Funded current liability percentage For purposes of this section, the term funded current liability percentage means, with respect to any plan year, the percentage which— (1) the value of the plan’s assets determined under subsection (c)(2), is of (2) the current liability under the plan. (j) Transition The Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe such rules as are necessary or appropriate with respect to the transition of a CSEC plan from the application of section 303 to the application of this section. . (2) Special rule Section 210(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( 29 U.S.C. 1060(a) ) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (4) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, in the case of a CSEC plan, the requirements of section 302 shall be determined as if all participants in the plan were employed by a single employer. . (3) Separate rules for csec plans (A) In general Paragraph (2) of section 302(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1082(a)) is amended by striking and at the end of subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting , and , and by inserting at the end thereof the following new subparagraph: (D) in the case of a CSEC plan, the employers make contributions to or under the plan for any plan year which, in the aggregate, are sufficient to ensure that the plan does not have an accumulated funding deficiency under section 306 as of the end of the plan year. . (B) Conforming amendments Section 302 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( 29 U.S.C. 1082 ) is amended by— (i) striking multiemployer plan in the first place it appears in clause (i) of subsection (c)(1)(A), and in the last place it appears in paragraph (2) of subsection (d), and inserting multiemployer plan or a CSEC plan , (ii) striking 303(j) in paragraph (1) of subsection (b) and inserting 303(j) or under 306(f) , (iii) (I) striking and at the end of clause (i) of subsection (c)(1)(B), (II) striking the period at the end of clause (ii) of subsection (c)(1)(B), and inserting , and , and (III) inserting the following new clause after clause (ii) of subsection (c)(1)(B): (iii) in the case of a CSEC plan, the funding standard account shall be credited under section 306(b)(3)(C) with the amount of the waived funding deficiency and such amount shall be amortized as required under section 306(b)(2)(C). , (iv) striking under paragraph (1) in clause (i) of subsection (c)(4)(A) and inserting under paragraph (1) or for granting an extension under section 306(d) , (v) striking waiver under this subsection in subparagraph (B) of subsection (c)(4) and inserting waiver under this subsection or an extension under 306(d) , (vi) striking waiver or modification in subclause (I) of subsection (c)(4)(B)(i) and inserting waiver, modification, or extension , (vii) striking waivers in the heading of subsection (c)(4)(C) and of clause (ii) of subsection (c)(4)(C) and inserting waivers or extensions , (viii) striking 304(d) in subparagraph (A) of subsection (c)(7) and in paragraph (2) of subsection (d) and inserting section 304(d) or section 306(d) , (ix) striking and at the end of subclause (I) of subsection (c)(4)(C)(i) and adding or the accumulated funding deficiency under section 306, whichever is applicable, , (x) striking 303(e)(2), in subclause (II) of subsection (c)(4)(C)(i) and inserting 303(e)(2) or 306(b)(2)(C), whichever is applicable, and , (xi) adding immediately after subclause (II) of subsection (c)(4)(C)(i) the following new subclause: (III) the total amounts not paid by reason of an extension in effect under section 306(d), , (xii) striking for waivers of in clause (ii) of subsection (c)(4)(C) and inserting for waivers or extensions with respect to , (xiii) striking 304(d) in paragraph (2) of subsection (d) and inserting 304(d) or 306(d), whichever is applicable , and (xiv) striking single-employer plan in subparagraph (A) of subsection (a)(2) and in clause (i) of subsection (c)(1)(B) and inserting single-employer plan (other than a CSEC plan) . (4) Benefit restrictions (A) In general Subsection (g) of section 206 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1056) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph: (12) CSEC plans This subsection shall not apply to a CSEC plan (as defined in section 210(f)). . (B) Effective date Any restriction under section 206(g) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 that is in effect with respect to a CSEC plan as of the last day of the last plan year beginning before January 1, 2014, shall cease to apply as of the first day of the following plan year. (5) Benefit increases Paragraph (3) of section 204(i) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1054(i)) is amended by striking multiemployer plans and inserting multiemployer plans or CSEC plans . (6) Section 103 Subparagraph (B) of section 103(d)(8) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1023(d)(8)) is amended by striking 303(h) and 304(c)(3) and inserting 303(h), 304(c)(3), and 306(c)(3) . (7) Section 4003 Subparagraph (B) of section 4003(e)(1) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1303(e)(1)) is amended by striking 303(k)(1)(A) and (B) of this Act or section 430(k)(1)(A) and (B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and inserting 303(k)(1)(A) and (B) or 306(g)(1)(A) and (B) of this Act or section 430(k)(1)(A) and (B) or 433(g)(1)(A) and (B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 . (8) Section 4010 Paragraph (2) of section 4010(b) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1310(b)) is amended by striking 303(k)(1)(A) and (B) of this Act or section 430(k)(1)(A) and (B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and inserting 303(k)(1)(A) and (B) or 306(g)(1)(A) and (B) of this Act or section 430(k)(1)(A) and (B) or 433(g)(1)(A) and (B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 . (9) Section 4071 Section 4071 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( 29 U.S.C. 1371 ) is amended by striking section 303(k)(4) and inserting section 303(k)(4) or 306(g)(4) . (b) Amendments to Code (1) Minimum funding standards under the internal revenue code Subpart A of part III of subchapter D of chapter 1 of subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new section: 433. Minimum funding standards (a) General rule For purposes of section 412, the term accumulated funding deficiency for a CSEC plan means the excess of the total charges to the funding standard account for all plan years (beginning with the first plan year to which section 412 applies) over the total credits to such account for such years or, if less, the excess of the total charges to the alternative minimum funding standard account for such plan years over the total credits to such account for such years. (b) Funding standard account (1) Account required Each plan to which this section applies shall establish and maintain a funding standard account. Such account shall be credited and charged solely as provided in this section. (2) Charges to account For a plan year, the funding standard account shall be charged with the sum of— (A) the normal cost of the plan for the plan year, (B) the amounts necessary to amortize in equal annual installments (until fully amortized)— (i) in the case of a plan in existence on January 1, 1974, the unfunded past service liability under the plan on the first day of the first plan year to which section 412 applies, over a period of 40 plan years, (ii) in the case of a plan which comes into existence after January 1, 1974, but before the first day of the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, the unfunded past service liability under the plan on the first day of the first plan year to which section 412 applies, over a period of 30 plan years, (iii) in the case of a plan that comes into existence on or after the first day of the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, the unfunded past liability under the plan on the first day of the first plan year to which section 412 applies, over a period of 15 years, (iv) in the case of a plan that is subject to section 430 for the last plan year beginning before January 1, 2014, the sum of— (I) the plan’s funding standard carryover balance and prefunding balance (as such terms are defined in section 430(f)) as of the end of such plan year, and (II) the unfunded past service liability under the plan for the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, over a period of 15 years, (v) separately, with respect to each plan year, the net increase (if any) in unfunded past service liability under the plan arising from plan amendments adopted in such year, over a period of 15 plan years, (vi) separately, with respect to each plan year, the net experience loss (if any) under the plan, over a period of 5 plan years, and (vii) separately, with respect to each plan year, the net loss (if any) resulting from changes in actuarial assumptions used under the plan, over a period of 10 plan years, (C) the amount necessary to amortize each waived funding deficiency (within the meaning of section 412(c)(3)) for each prior plan year in equal annual installments (until fully amortized) over a period of 5 plan years, (D) the amount necessary to amortize in equal annual installments (until fully amortized) over a period of 5 plan years any amount credited to the funding standard account under paragraph (3)(D), and (E) the amount necessary to amortize in equal annual installments (until fully amortized) over a period of 20 years the contributions which would be required to be made under the plan but for the provisions of section 412(c)(7)(A)(i)(I) (as in effect on the day before the enactment of the Pension Protection Act of 2006). (3) Credits to account For a plan year, the funding standard account shall be credited with the sum of— (A) the amount considered contributed by the employer to or under the plan for the plan year, (B) the amount necessary to amortize in equal annual installments (until fully amortized)— (i) separately, with respect to each plan year, the net decrease (if any) in unfunded past service liability under the plan arising from plan amendments adopted in such year, over a period of 15 plan years, (ii) separately, with respect to each plan year, the net experience gain (if any) under the plan, over a period of 5 plan years, and (iii) separately, with respect to each plan year, the net gain (if any) resulting from changes in actuarial assumptions used under the plan, over a period of 10 plan years, (C) the amount of the waived funding deficiency (within the meaning of section 412(c)(3)) for the plan year, (D) in the case of a plan year for which the accumulated funding deficiency is determined under the funding standard account if such plan year follows a plan year for which such deficiency was determined under the alternative minimum funding standard, the excess (if any) of any debit balance in the funding standard account (determined without regard to this subparagraph) over any debit balance in the alternative minimum funding standard account, and (E) for the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, in the case of a plan that is subject to section 430 for the last plan year beginning before January 1, 2014, the sum of the plan’s funding standard carryover balance and prefunding balance (as such terms are defined in section 430(f)) as of the end of the last plan year beginning before January 1, 2014. (4) Combining and offsetting amounts to be amortized Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, amounts required to be amortized under paragraph (2) or paragraph (3), as the case may be— (A) may be combined into one amount under such paragraph to be amortized over a period determined on the basis of the remaining amortization period for all items entering into such combined amount, and (B) may be offset against amounts required to be amortized under the other such paragraph, with the resulting amount to be amortized over a period determined on the basis of the remaining amortization periods for all items entering into whichever of the two amounts being offset is the greater. (5) Interest (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the funding standard account (and items therein) shall be charged or credited (as determined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary) with interest at the appropriate rate consistent with the rate or rates of interest used under the plan to determine costs. (B) The interest rate used for purposes of computing the amortization charge described in subsection (b)(2)(C) or for purposes of any arrangement under subsection (d) for any plan year shall be greater of— (i) 150 percent of the Federal mid-term rate (as in effect under section 1274 for the 1st month of such plan year), or (ii) the rate of interest determined under subparagraph (A). (6) Amortization schedules in effect Amortization schedules for amounts described in paragraphs (2) and (3) that are in effect as of the last day of the last plan year beginning before January 1, 2014, by reason of section 104 of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 shall remain in effect pursuant to their terms and this section, except that such amounts shall not be amortized again under this section. In the case of a plan that is subject to section 430 for the last plan year beginning before January 1, 2014, any amortization schedules and bases for plan years beginning before such date shall be reduced to zero. (c) Special rules (1) Determinations to be made under funding method For purposes of this section, normal costs, accrued liability, past service liabilities, and experience gains and losses shall be determined under the funding method used to determine costs under the plan. (2) Valuation of assets (A) In general For purposes of this section, the value of the plan’s assets shall be determined on the basis of any reasonable actuarial method of valuation which takes into account fair market value and which is permitted under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. (B) Dedicated bond portfolio The Secretary may by regulations provide that the value of any dedicated bond portfolio of a plan shall be determined by using the interest rate under section 412(b)(5) (as in effect on the day before the enactment of the Pension Protection Act of 2006). (3) Actuarial assumptions must be reasonable For purposes of this section, all costs, liabilities, rates of interest, and other factors under the plan shall be determined on the basis of actuarial assumptions and methods— (A) each of which is reasonable (taking into account the experience of the plan and reasonable expectations) or which, in the aggregate, result in a total contribution equivalent to that which would be determined if each such assumption and method were reasonable, and (B) which, in combination, offer the actuary’s best estimate of anticipated experience under the plan. (4) Treatment of certain changes as experience gain or loss For purposes of this section, if— (A) a change in benefits under the Social Security Act or in other retirement benefits created under Federal or State law, or (B) a change in the definition of the term wages under section 3121 or a change in the amount of such wages taken into account under regulations prescribed for purposes of section 401(a)(5), results in an increase or decrease in accrued liability under a plan, such increase or decrease shall be treated as an experience loss or gain. (5) Funding method and plan year (A) Funding methods available All funding methods available to CSEC plans under section 412 (as in effect on the day before the enactment of the Pension Protection Act of 2006) shall continue to be available under this section. (B) Not affected by cessation of benefit accruals The availability of any funding method, including all spread gain funding methods, shall not be affected by whether benefit accruals under a plan have ceased. Except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (C) or in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, if benefit accruals have ceased under a plan, the spread gain funding methods may be applied by amortizing over the average expected future lives of all participants. (C) Minimum amount In the case of a plan amortizing over the average expected future lives of all participants pursuant to subparagraph (B), such amortization amount for any plan year shall not be less than the sum of— (i) the amount determined by amortizing, as of the first year for which the plan amortizes over the average future lives of all participants, the entire unfunded past service liability in equal installments over 15 years, and (ii) the amount determined by amortizing any increase or decrease in such unfunded past service liability in any subsequent year, other than an increase or decrease attributable to contributions or expected experience, in equal installments over 15 years. (D) Changes If the funding method for a plan is changed, the new funding method shall become the funding method used to determine costs and liabilities under the plan only if the change is approved by the Secretary. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any change made pursuant to, or permitted by, subparagraph (B) if such change is made for the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013. Any such change may be made without the approval of the Secretary. If the plan year for a plan is changed, the new plan year shall become the plan year for the plan only if the change is approved by the Secretary. (6) Full funding If, as of the close of a plan year, a plan would (without regard to this paragraph) have an accumulated funding deficiency (determined without regard to the alternative minimum funding standard account permitted under subsection (e)) in excess of the full funding limitation— (A) the funding standard account shall be credited with the amount of such excess, and (B) all amounts described in paragraphs (2)(B), (C), (D), and (E) and (3)(B) of subsection (b) which are required to be amortized shall be considered fully amortized for purposes of such paragraphs. (7) Full-funding limitation For purposes of paragraph (6), the term full-funding limitation means the excess (if any) of— (A) the accrued liability (including normal cost) under the plan (determined under the entry age normal funding method if such accrued liability cannot be directly calculated under the funding method used for the plan), over (B) the lesser of— (i) the fair market value of the plan’s assets, or (ii) the value of such assets determined under paragraph (2). (C) Minimum amount (i) In general In no event shall the full-funding limitation determined under subparagraph (A) be less than the excess (if any) of— (I) 90 percent of the current liability (determined without regard to paragraph (4) of subsection (h)) of the plan (including the expected increase in such current liability due to benefits accruing during the plan year), over (II) the value of the plan’s assets determined under paragraph (2). (ii) Assets For purposes of clause (i), assets shall not be reduced by any credit balance in the funding standard account. (8) Annual valuation (A) In general For purposes of this section, a determination of experience gains and losses and a valuation of the plan’s liability shall be made not less frequently than once every year, except that such determination shall be made more frequently to the extent required in particular cases under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. (B) Valuation date (i) Current year Except as provided in clause (ii), the valuation referred to in subparagraph (A) shall be made as of a date within the plan year to which the valuation refers or within one month prior to the beginning of such year. (ii) Use of prior year valuation The valuation referred to in subparagraph (A) may be made as of a date within the plan year prior to the year to which the valuation refers if, as of such date, the value of the assets of the plan are not less than 100 percent of the plan’s current liability. (iii) Adjustments Information under clause (ii) shall, in accordance with regulations, be actuarially adjusted to reflect significant differences in participants. (iv) Limitation A change in funding method to use a prior year valuation, as provided in clause (ii), may not be made unless as of the valuation date within the prior plan year, the value of the assets of the plan are not less than 125 percent of the plan’s current liability. (9) Time when certain contributions deemed made For purposes of this section, any contributions for a plan year made by an employer during the period— (A) beginning on the day after the last day of such plan year, and (B) ending on the day which is 8 ½ months after the close of the plan year, shall be deemed to have been made on such last day. (10) Anticipation of benefit increases effective in the future In determining projected benefits, the funding method of a collectively bargained CSEC plan described in section 413(a) (other than a multiemployer plan) shall anticipate benefit increases scheduled to take effect during the term of the collective bargaining agreement applicable to the plan. (d) Extension of amortization periods The period of years required to amortize any unfunded liability (described in any clause of subsection (b)(2)(B)) of any plan may be extended by the Secretary for a period of time (not in excess of 10 years) if such Secretary determines that such extension would provide adequate protection for participants under the plan and their beneficiaries and if such Secretary determines that the failure to permit such extension would result in— (1) a substantial risk to the voluntary continuation of the plan, or (2) a substantial curtailment of pension benefit levels or employee compensation. (e) Alternative minimum funding standard (1) In general A CSEC plan which uses a funding method that requires contributions in all years not less than those required under the entry age normal funding method may maintain an alternative minimum funding standard account for any plan year. Such account shall be credited and charged solely as provided in this subsection. (2) Charges and credits to account For a plan year the alternative minimum funding standard account shall be— (A) charged with the sum of— (i) the lesser of normal cost under the funding method used under the plan or normal cost determined under the unit credit method, (ii) the excess, if any, of the present value of accrued benefits under the plan over the fair market value of the assets, and (iii) an amount equal to the excess (if any) of credits to the alternative minimum standard account for all prior plan years over charges to such account for all such years, and (B) credited with the amount considered contributed by the employer to or under the plan for the plan year. (3) Special rules The alternative minimum funding standard account (and items therein) shall be charged or credited with interest in the manner provided under subsection (b)(5) with respect to the funding standard account. (f) Quarterly contributions required (1) In general If a CSEC plan which has a funded current liability percentage for the preceding plan year of less than 100 percent fails to pay the full amount of a required installment for the plan year, then the rate of interest charged to the funding standard account under subsection (b)(5) with respect to the amount of the underpayment for the period of the underpayment shall be equal to the greater of— (A) 175 percent of the Federal mid-term rate (as in effect under section 1274 for the 1st month of such plan year), or (B) the rate of interest used under the plan in determining costs. (2) Amount of underpayment, period of underpayment For purposes of paragraph (1)— (A) Amount The amount of the underpayment shall be the excess of— (i) the required installment, over (ii) the amount (if any) of the installment contributed to or under the plan on or before the due date for the installment. (B) Period of underpayment The period for which interest is charged under this subsection with regard to any portion of the underpayment shall run from the due date for the installment to the date on which such portion is contributed to or under the plan (determined without regard to subsection (c)(9)). (C) Order of crediting contributions For purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), contributions shall be credited against unpaid required installments in the order in which such installments are required to be paid. (3) Number of required installments; due dates For purposes of this subsection— (A) Payable in 4 installments There shall be 4 required installments for each plan year. (B) Time for payment of installments In the case of the following required installments: The due date is: 1st April 15  2nd July 15  3rd October 15  4th January 15 of the following year. (4) Amount of required installment For purposes of this subsection— (A) In general The amount of any required installment shall be 25 percent of the required annual payment. (B) Required annual payment For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term required annual payment means the lesser of— (i) 90 percent of the amount required to be contributed to or under the plan by the employer for the plan year under section 412 (without regard to any waiver under subsection (c) thereof), or (ii) 100 percent of the amount so required for the preceding plan year. Clause (ii) shall not apply if the preceding plan year was not a year of 12 months. (5) Liquidity requirement (A) In general A plan to which this paragraph applies shall be treated as failing to pay the full amount of any required installment to the extent that the value of the liquid assets paid in such installment is less than the liquidity shortfall (whether or not such liquidity shortfall exceeds the amount of such installment required to be paid but for this paragraph). (B) Plans to which paragraph Applies This paragraph shall apply to a CSEC plan other than a plan described in section 412(l)(6)(A) (as in effect on the day before the enactment of the Pension Protection Act of 2006) which— (i) is required to pay installments under this subsection for a plan year, and (ii) has a liquidity shortfall for any quarter during such plan year. (C) Period of underpayment For purposes of paragraph (1), any portion of an installment that is treated as not paid under subparagraph (A) shall continue to be treated as unpaid until the close of the quarter in which the due date for such installment occurs. (D) Limitation on increase If the amount of any required installment is increased by reason of subparagraph (A), in no event shall such increase exceed the amount which, when added to prior installments for the plan year, is necessary to increase the funded current liability percentage (taking into account the expected increase in current liability due to benefits accruing during the plan year) to 100 percent. (E) Definitions For purposes of this paragraph: (i) Liquidity shortfall The term liquidity shortfall means, with respect to any required installment, an amount equal to the excess (as of the last day of the quarter for which such installment is made) of the base amount with respect to such quarter over the value (as of such last day) of the plan’s liquid assets. (ii) Base amount (I) In general The term base amount means, with respect to any quarter, an amount equal to 3 times the sum of the adjusted disbursements from the plan for the 12 months ending on the last day of such quarter. (II) Special rule If the amount determined under subclause (I) exceeds an amount equal to 2 times the sum of the adjusted disbursements from the plan for the 36 months ending on the last day of the quarter and an enrolled actuary certifies to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such excess is the result of nonrecurring circumstances, the base amount with respect to such quarter shall be determined without regard to amounts related to those nonrecurring circumstances. (iii) Disbursements from the plan The term disbursements from the plan means all disbursements from the trust, including purchases of annuities, payments of single sums and other benefits, and administrative expenses. (iv) Adjusted disbursements The term adjusted disbursements means disbursements from the plan reduced by the product of— (I) the plan’s funded current liability percentage for the plan year, and (II) the sum of the purchases of annuities, payments of single sums, and such other disbursements as the Secretary shall provide in regulations. (v) Liquid assets The term liquid assets means cash, marketable securities and such other assets as specified by the Secretary in regulations. (vi) Quarter The term quarter means, with respect to any required installment, the 3-month period preceding the month in which the due date for such installment occurs. (F) Regulations The Secretary may prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out this paragraph. (6) Fiscal years and short years (A) Fiscal years In applying this subsection to a plan year beginning on any date other than January 1, there shall be substituted for the months specified in this subsection, the months which correspond thereto. (B) Short plan year This subsection shall be applied to plan years of less than 12 months in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary. (g) Imposition of lien where failure To make required contributions (1) In general In the case of a plan to which this section applies, if— (A) any person fails to make a required installment under subsection (f) or any other payment required under this section before the due date for such installment or other payment, and (B) the unpaid balance of such installment or other payment (including interest), when added to the aggregate unpaid balance of all preceding such installments or other payments for which payment was not made before the due date (including interest), exceeds $1,000,000, then there shall be a lien in favor of the plan in the amount determined under paragraph (3) upon all property and rights to property, whether real or personal, belonging to such person and any other person who is a member of the same controlled group of which such person is a member. (2) Plans to which subsection Applies This subsection shall apply to a CSEC plan for any plan year for which the funded current liability percentage of such plan is less than 100 percent. This subsection shall not apply to any plan to which section 4021 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 does not apply (as such section is in effect on the date of the enactment of the Retirement Protection Act of 1994). (3) Amount of lien For purposes of paragraph (1), the amount of the lien shall be equal to the aggregate unpaid balance of required installments and other payments required under this section (including interest)— (A) for plan years beginning after 1987, and (B) for which payment has not been made before the due date. (4) Notice of failure; lien (A) Notice of failure A person committing a failure described in paragraph (1) shall notify the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation of such failure within 10 days of the due date for the required installment or other payment. (B) Period of lien The lien imposed by paragraph (1) shall arise on the due date for the required installment or other payment and shall continue until the last day of the first plan year in which the plan ceases to be described in paragraph (1)(B). Such lien shall continue to run without regard to whether such plan continues to be described in paragraph (2) during the period referred to in the preceding sentence. (C) Certain rules to Apply Any amount with respect to which a lien is imposed under paragraph (1) shall be treated as taxes due and owing the United States and rules similar to the rules of subsections (c), (d), and (e) of section 4068 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 shall apply with respect to a lien imposed by subsection (a) and the amount with respect to such lien. (5) Enforcement Any lien created under paragraph (1) may be perfected and enforced only by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, or at the direction of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, by the contributing sponsor (or any member of the controlled group of the contributing sponsor). (6) Definitions For purposes of this subsection— (A) Due date; required installment The terms due date and required installment have the meanings given such terms by subsection (f), except that in the case of a payment other than a required installment, the due date shall be the date such payment is required to be made under this section. (B) Controlled group The term controlled group means any group treated as a single employer under subsections (b), (c), (m), and (o) of section 414. (h) Current liability For purposes of this section— (1) In general The term current liability means all liabilities to employees and their beneficiaries under the plan. (2) Treatment of unpredictable contingent event benefits (A) In general For purposes of paragraph (1), any unpredictable contingent event benefit shall not be taken into account until the event on which the benefit is contingent occurs. (B) Unpredictable contingent event benefit The term unpredictable contingent event benefit means any benefit contingent on an event other than— (i) age, service, compensation, death, or disability, or (ii) an event which is reasonably and reliably predictable (as determined by the Secretary). (3) Interest rate and mortality assumptions used (A) Interest rate The rate of interest used to determine current liability under this section shall be the third segment rate determined under section 430(h)(2)(C). (B) Mortality tables (i) Commissioners’ standard table In the case of plan years beginning before the first plan year to which the first tables prescribed under clause (ii) apply, the mortality table used in determining current liability under this subsection shall be the table prescribed by the Secretary which is based on the prevailing commissioners’ standard table (described in section 807(d)(5)(A)) used to determine reserves for group annuity contracts issued on January 1, 1993. (ii) Secretarial authority The Secretary may by regulation prescribe for plan years beginning after December 31, 1999, mortality tables to be used in determining current liability under this subsection. Such tables shall be based upon the actual experience of pension plans and projected trends in such experience. In prescribing such tables, the Secretary shall take into account results of available independent studies of mortality of individuals covered by pension plans. (iii) Periodic review The Secretary shall periodically (at least every 5 years) review any tables in effect under this subsection and shall, to the extent the Secretary determines necessary, by regulation update the tables to reflect the actual experience of pension plans and projected trends in such experience. (C) Separate mortality tables for the disabled Notwithstanding subparagraph (B)— (i) In general In the case of plan years beginning after December 31, 1995, the Secretary shall establish mortality tables which may be used (in lieu of the tables under subparagraph (B)) to determine current liability under this subsection for individuals who are entitled to benefits under the plan on account of disability. The Secretary shall establish separate tables for individuals whose disabilities occur in plan years beginning before January 1, 1995, and for individuals whose disabilities occur in plan years beginning on or after such date. (ii) Special rule for disabilities occurring after 1994 In the case of disabilities occurring in plan years beginning after December 31, 1994, the tables under clause (i) shall apply only with respect to individuals described in such subclause who are disabled within the meaning of title II of the Social Security Act and the regulations thereunder. (4) Certain service disregarded (A) In general In the case of a participant to whom this paragraph applies, only the applicable percentage of the years of service before such individual became a participant shall be taken into account in computing the current liability of the plan. (B) Applicable percentage For purposes of this subparagraph, the applicable percentage shall be determined as follows: If the years of participation are: The applicable percentage is: 1 20 2 40 3 60 4 80 5 or more 100. (C) Participants to whom paragraph Applies This subparagraph shall apply to any participant who, at the time of becoming a participant— (i) has not accrued any other benefit under any defined benefit plan (whether or not terminated) maintained by the employer or a member of the same controlled group of which the employer is a member, (ii) who first becomes a participant under the plan in a plan year beginning after December 31, 1987, and (iii) has years of service greater than the minimum years of service necessary for eligibility to participate in the plan. (D) Election An employer may elect not to have this subparagraph apply. Such an election, once made, may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary. (i) Funded current liability percentage For purposes of this section, the term funded current liability percentage means, with respect to any plan year, the percentage which— (1) the value of the plan’s assets determined under subsection (c)(2), is of (2) the current liability under the plan. (j) Transition The Secretary may prescribe such rules as are necessary or appropriate with respect to the transition of a CSEC plan from the application of section 430 to the application of this section. . (2) CSEC plans Section 413 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: (d) CSEC plans Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, in the case of a CSEC plan— (1) Funding The requirements of section 412 shall be determined as if all participants in the plan were employed by a single employer. (2) Application of provisions Paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (5) of subsection (c) shall apply. . (3) Separate rules for csec plans (A) In general Paragraph (2) of section 412(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking and at the end of subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting , and , and by inserting at the end thereof the following new subparagraph: (D) in the case of a CSEC plan, the employers make contributions to or under the plan for any plan year which, in the aggregate, are sufficient to ensure that the plan does not have an accumulated funding deficiency under section 433 as of the end of the plan year. . (B) Conforming amendments Section 412 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by— (i) striking multiemployer plan in paragraph (A) of subsection (a)(2), in clause (i) of subsection (c)(1)(B), in the first place it appears in clause (i) of subsection (c)(1)(A), and in the last place it appears in paragraph (2) of subsection (d), and inserting multiemployer plan or a CSEC plan , (ii) striking 430(j) in paragraph (1) of subsection (b) and inserting 430(j) or under 433(f) , (iii) (I) striking and at the end of clause (i) of subsection (c)(1)(B), (II) striking the period at the end of clause (ii) of subsection (c)(1)(B), and inserting , and , and (III) inserting the following new clause after clause (ii) of subsection (c)(1)(B): (iii) in the case of a CSEC plan, the funding standard account shall be credited under section 433(b)(3)(C) with the amount of the waived funding deficiency and such amount shall be amortized as required under section 433(b)(2)(C). , (iv) striking under paragraph (1) in clause (i) of subsection (c)(4)(A) and inserting under paragraph (1) or for granting an extension under section 433(d) , (v) striking waiver under this subsection in subparagraph (B) of subsection (c)(4) and inserting waiver under this subsection or an extension under 433(d) , (vi) striking waiver or modification in subclause (I) of subsection (c)(4)(B)(i) and inserting waiver, modification, or extension , (vii) striking waivers in the heading of subsection (c)(4)(C) and of clause (ii) of subsection (c)(4)(C) and inserting waivers or extensions , (viii) striking 431(d) in subparagraph (A) of subsection (c)(7) and in paragraph (2) of subsection (d) and inserting section 431(d) or section 433(d) , (ix) striking and at the end of subclause (I) of subsection (c)(4)(C)(i) and inserting or the accumulated funding deficiency under section 433, whichever is applicable, , (x) striking 430(e)(2), in subclause (II) of subsection (c)(4)(C)(i) and inserting 430(e)(2) or 433(b)(2)(C), whichever is applicable, and , (xi) adding immediately after subclause (II) of subsection (c)(4)(C)(i) the following new subclause: (III) the total amounts not paid by reason of an extension in effect under section 433(d), , (xii) striking for waivers of in clause (ii) of subsection (c)(4)(C) and inserting for waivers or extensions with respect to , and (xiii) striking 431(d) in paragraph (2) of subsection (d) and inserting 431(d) or 433(d), whichever is applicable . (4) Benefit restrictions (A) In general Paragraph (29) of section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking multiemployer plan and inserting multiemployer plan or a CSEC plan . (B) Conforming change Subsection (a) of section 436 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking single-employer plan and inserting single-employer plan (other than a CSEC plan) . (C) Effective date Any restriction under sections 401(a)(29) and 436 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 that is in effect with respect to a CSEC plan as of the last day of the last plan year beginning before January 1, 2014, shall cease to apply as of the first day of the following plan year. (5) Benefit increases Subparagraph (C) of section 401(a)(33) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking multiemployer plans and inserting multiemployer plans or CSEC plans . 5. Transparency (a) Notice to participants (1) In general Paragraph (2) of section 101(f) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1021(f)) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: (E) Effect of csec plan rules on plan funding (i) In general In the case of a CSEC plan, each notice under paragraph (1) shall include— (I) a statement that different rules apply to CSEC plans than apply to single-employer plans, (II) for the first 2 plan years beginning after December 31, 2013, a statement that, as a result of changes in the law made by the Cooperative and Small Employer Charity Pension Flexibility Act , the contributions to the plan may have changed, and (III) for the first 2 plan years beginning after December 31, 2013, a statement that participants and participating employers may request a table which shows (determined both with and without regard to such different rules) the required minimum contributions to the plan for the applicable plan year and each of the 2 preceding plan years. (ii) Applicable plan year For purposes of this subparagraph, the term applicable plan year means any plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, for which— (I) the plan has a funding shortfall (as defined in section 303(c)(4)) greater than $1,000,000, and (II) the plan had 50 or more participants on any day during the preceding plan year. For purposes of any determination under subclause (II), the aggregation rule under the last sentence of section 303(g)(2)(B) shall apply. (iii) Special rule for plan years beginning before 2014 In the case of a preceding plan year referred to in clause (i)(III) which begins before January 1, 2014, the information described in such clause shall be provided only without regard to the different rules applicable to CSEC plans. . (2) Model notice The Secretary of Labor may modify the model notice required to be published under section 501(c) of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 to include the information described in section 101(f)(2)(E) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as added by this subsection. (b) Notice of failure To meet minimum funding standards (1) Pending waivers Paragraph (2) of section 101(d) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1021(d)) is amended by striking 303 and inserting 303 or 306 . (2) Definitions Paragraph (3) of section 101(d) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( 21 U.S.C. 1021(d) ) is amended by striking 303(j) and inserting 303(j) or 306(f), whichever is applicable . (c) Additional reporting requirements Section 103 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( 29 U.S.C. 1023 ) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: (g) Additional information with respect to CSEC plans With respect to any CSEC plan, an annual report under this section for a plan year shall include a list of participating employers and a good faith estimate of the percentage of total contributions made by such participating employers during the plan year. . 6. Elections (a) Election not To be treated as a CSEC plan (1) Amendment to ERISA Subsection (f) of section 210 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as added by section 3, is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (3) Election (A) In general If a plan falls within the definition of a CSEC plan under this subsection (without regard to this paragraph), such plan shall be a CSEC plan unless the plan sponsor elects not later than the close of the first plan year of the plan beginning after December 31, 2013, not to be treated as a CSEC plan. An election under the preceding sentence shall take effect for such plan year and, once made, may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary of the Treasury. (B) Special rule If a plan described in subparagraph (A) is treated as a CSEC plan, section 104 of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, as amended by the Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act of 2010, shall cease to apply to such plan as of the first date as of which such plan is treated as a CSEC plan. . (2) Amendment to the Code Section 414(y) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by section 3, is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: (3) Election (A) In general If a plan falls within the definition of a CSEC plan under this subsection (without regard to this paragraph), such plan shall be a CSEC plan unless the plan sponsor elects not later than the close of the first plan year of the plan beginning after December 31, 2013, not to be treated as a CSEC plan. An election under the preceding sentence shall take effect for such plan year and, once made, may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary. (B) Special rule If a plan described in subparagraph (A) is treated as a CSEC plan, section 104 of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, as amended by the Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act of 2010, shall cease to apply to such plan as of the first date as of which such plan is treated as a CSEC plan. . (b) Election To cease To be treated as an eligible charity plan (1) In general Subsection (d) of section 104 of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, as added by section 202 of the Preservation of Access to Care for Medicare Beneficiaries and Pension Relief Act of 2010, is amended by— (A) striking For purposes of and inserting (1) In general.— For purposes of , and (B) adding at the end the following: (2) Election not to be an eligible charity plan A plan sponsor may elect for a plan to cease to be treated as an eligible charity plan for plan years beginning after December 31, 2013. Such election shall be made at such time and in such form and manner as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. Any such election may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary of the Treasury. (3) Election to use funding options available to other plan sponsors (A) A plan sponsor that makes the election described in paragraph (2) may elect for a plan to apply the rules described in subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) for plan years beginning after December 31, 2013. Such election shall be made at such time and in such form and manner as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. Any such election may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary of the Treasury. (B) Under the rules described in this subparagraph, for the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, a plan has— (i) an 11-year shortfall amortization base, (ii) a 12-year shortfall amortization base, and (iii) a 7-year shortfall amortization base. (C) Under the rules described in this subparagraph, section 303(c)(2)(A) and (B) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and section 430(c)(2)(A) and (B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall be applied by— (i) in the case of an 11-year shortfall amortization base, substituting 11-plan-year period for 7-plan-year period wherever such phrase appears, and (ii) in the case of a 12-year shortfall amortization base, substituting 12-plan-year period for 7-plan-year period wherever such phrase appears. (D) Under the rules described in this subparagraph, section 303(c)(7) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and section 430(c)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall apply to a plan for which an election has been made under subparagraph (A). Such provisions shall apply in the following manner: (i) The first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, shall be treated as an election year, and no other plan years shall be so treated. (ii) All references in section 303(c)(7) of such Act and section 430(c)(7) of such Code to February 28, 2010 or March 1, 2010 shall be treated as references to February 28, 2013 or March 1, 2013 , respectively. (E) For purposes of this paragraph, the 11-year amortization base is an amount, determined for the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, equal to the unamortized principal amount of the shortfall amortization base (as defined in section 303(c)(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and section 430(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) that would have applied to the plan for the first plan beginning after December 31, 2009, if— (i) the plan had never been an eligible charity plan, (ii) the plan sponsor had made the election described in section 303(c)(2)(D)(i) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and in section 430(c)(2)(D)(i) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to have section 303(c)(2)(D)(i) of such Act and section 430(c)(2)(D)(iii) of such Code apply with respect to the shortfall amortization base for the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2009, and (iii) no event had occurred under paragraph (6) or (7) of section 303(c) of such Act or paragraph (6) or (7) of section 430(c) of such Code that, as of the first day of the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, would have modified the shortfall amortization base or the shortfall amortization installments with respect to the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2009. (F) For purposes of this paragraph, the 12-year amortization base is an amount, determined for the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, equal to the unamortized principal amount of the shortfall amortization base (as defined in section 303(c)(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and section 430(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) that would have applied to the plan for the first plan beginning after December 31, 2010, if— (i) the plan had never been an eligible charity plan, (ii) the plan sponsor had made the election described in section 303(c)(2)(D)(i) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and in section 430(c)(2)(D)(i) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to have section 303(c)(2)(D)(i) of such Act and section 430(c)(2)(D)(iii) of such Code apply with respect to the shortfall amortization base for the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2010, and (iii) no event had occurred under paragraph (6) or (7) of section 303(c) of such Act or paragraph (6) or (7) of section 430(c) of such Code that, as of the first day of the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, would have modified the shortfall amortization base or the shortfall amortization installments with respect to the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2010. (G) For purposes of this paragraph, the 7-year shortfall amortization base is an amount, determined for the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, equal to— (i) the shortfall amortization base for the first plan year beginning after December 31, 2013, without regard to this paragraph, minus (ii) the sum of the 11-year shortfall amortization base and the 12-year shortfall amortization base. . (c) Deemed election For purposes of sections 4(b)(2) and 4021(b)(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and for all other purposes, a plan shall be deemed to have made an irrevocable election under section 410(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 if— (1) the plan was established before January 1, 2014; (2) the plan falls within the definition of a CSEC plan; (3) the plan sponsor does not make an election under section 210(f)(3)(B)(i) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and section 414(y)(3)(B)(i) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as added by this Act; and (4) the plan, plan sponsor, administrator, or fiduciary remits one or more premium payments for the plan to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation for a plan year beginning after December 31, 2013. (d) Effective date The amendments made by this section shall apply as of the date of enactment of this Act. 7. Pension insurance program modifications (a) Flat-Rate premium Subparagraph (A) of section 4006(a)(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( 29 U.S.C. 1306(a)(3) ) is amended— (1) in clause (i)— (A) by striking in the case of a single-employer plan and inserting except as provided in clause (vi), in the case of a single-employer plan ; and (B) in subclause (III), by striking the period and inserting a comma; (2) in clause (iv), by striking or at the end; (3) in clause (v), by striking the period at the end and inserting , or ; and (4) by adding at the end thereof the following new clause: (vi) in the case of a CSEC plan (as defined in section 210(f)), an amount for each individual who is a participant in such plan during the plan year equal to the sum of the additional premium (if any) described under subparagraph (K) and $42. . (b) Variable-Rate premium Paragraph (3) of section 4006(a) of such Act (29 U.S.C. 1306(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following: (K) (i) The additional premium determined under this subparagraph with respect to any plan for any plan year— (I) shall be an amount equal to the amount determined under clause (ii) divided by the number of participants in such plan as of the close of the preceding year; and (II) in the case of plan years beginning in a calendar year after 2013, shall not exceed the dollar amount described in subparagraph (E)(i)(II) (without the application of subparagraph (J)). (ii) The amount determined under this clause for any plan shall be an amount equal to $9.00 for each $1,000 (or fraction thereof) of unfunded vested benefits under the plan as of the close of the preceding plan year. For this purpose, the term unfunded vested benefits shall have the meaning given such term under clauses (iii) and (iv) of subparagraph (E). . (c) Study of CSEC plans (1) In general The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation shall conduct a study to determine if there is empirical evidence to support modifying the premium structure under section 4006(a)(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ( 29 U.S.C. 1306(a)(3)(A) ) for CSEC plans. (2) Data The study under paragraph (1) shall include data with respect to— (A) the portion of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation’s total liabilities that are attributable to CSEC plans; (B) the ratio of such portion to the total of the funding targets of CSEC plans; and (C) with respect to single-employer plans other than CSEC plans, the ratio of— (i) the portion of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation’s total liabilities that are attributable to such plans, to (ii) the total of the funding targets of such plans. (3) Estimates In carrying out paragraph (2), the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation shall make such reasonable estimates as are necessary or appropriate in providing the data described in such paragraph. (4) Report The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation shall report the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1), together with any recommendations for legislative changes, to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Education and the Workforce of the House of Representatives. (5) Participant and plan sponsor advocate The report described in paragraph (4) shall include a section prepared by the Participant and Plan Sponsor Advocate of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation that includes a statement setting forth the position of such Participant and Plan Sponsor Advocate on the process underlying the study and the conclusions set forth in the report. (6) Definitions In this section— (A) the term CSEC plan has the meaning given such term in section 210 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (as added by section 3); and (B) the term funding target has the meaning given that term in section 303(d)(1) of such Act ( 29 U.S.C. 1083(d)(1) ). 8. Sponsor education and assistance (a) Definition In this section, the term CSEC plan has the meaning given that term in subsection (f)(1) of section 210 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (as added by this Act). (b) Education Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation shall take reasonable steps to make the sponsors of existing CSEC plans aware of— (1) the changes to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 made by this Act; and (2) the help and assistance available through the Participant and Plan Sponsor Advocate established under section 4004 of such Act ( 29 U.S.C. 1304 ). 9. Effective date Unless otherwise specified in this Act, the provisions of this Act shall apply to years beginning after December 31, 2013.