ATX 3.0 12VHPWR connector type concerns - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / general

author: Ranayna
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: September 26, 2022, 01:24:29 pm
content: Does anyone know to which Molex connector type family the new ATX 3.0 12VHPWR connector belongs?It is obviously a hybrid of some sort, with it's 12 power and 4 data pins. I am most interested in what the equivalent for the power pins would be. It has a pin pitch of 3 milimeters, so i think that Molex Micro Fit would be the equivalent?https://www.molex.com/pdm_docs/ps/PS-43045-001.pdfOne reason i ask is, that there are increasing reports about melting connectors. This 12VHPWR connector is supposedly rated for 600 Watts at 12 Volts, and the new nVidia 4090 can draw 600 watts peak power according to preliminary tests.A Molex Micro Fit would not fit the bill then. If i understand the datasheet correctly, in a 12 pin configuration, the rating per pin is just 6.5 amps.If i have not miscalculated, supposing equal load sharing between all pins, you would get more than 8 amps per pin at 600 watts. Maybe not a gross overload, considering that 600 watts is peak power, but still concerning.Combine that with the low mating cycle count of just 30, and this is not a connector that i would like to use in a PC, where any layman can build one. Not at these power levels...I suspect, or at least hope, that this connector will not be part of the standard for long, at least not on this power level. But what could alternatives be, besides going back to the larger and higher rated Molex Mini Fit?

author: Ranayna
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: September 26, 2022, 08:21:54 pm
content: Ok, i was actually pointed towards the actual connector:https://www.digikey.de/en/product-highlight/a/amphenol-fci/minitek-pwr-cem-5-pcie-connector-systemSo it is an Amphenol connector, of the Minitek Pwr 3 series.Does not change much, according to this datasheet it still seems to be underrated for 600 Watts:https://www.digikey.de/de/pdf/a/amphenol-icc/minitek-pwr-3-product-specification

author: Algoma
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: September 26, 2022, 08:53:10 pm
content: I get the feeling they decided on the connector before Nvidia decided to push its limits. One single bad pin connection will cause specatular and expensive failures, especially with the overclockers pushing things FAR beyond the limits..Next PC accessory market will be a automatic fire supression systems.

author: Someone
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: September 26, 2022, 11:56:08 pm
content: Quote from: Algoma on September 26, 2022, 08:53:10 pmaudiopower-phile grade power distribution kits with exotic coatings and burn in periods, "upgrade your power connectors to unleash the full capability of your hardware"

author: Kahooli
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: October 10, 2022, 11:07:07 pm
content: I would laugh if the problem was some rube who just divided 600W/12V/12 Pins and said "4.16A, that a great safety factor for a 5.5A rated pin!"Forgetting that it's half as many pins I in and half again I out.Though it's more likely Molex designed a customized set of changes for the higher capacity.

author: Algoma
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: October 11, 2022, 09:56:01 pm
content: So far, the cards seem limit themselves based on the number of cables are plugged in, by tying the data pins to ground though each of the adapter legs. I fear the Knockoff cheap replacement adapters will be an actual real fire hazard with all tied to the same ground.Otherwise reviews seem to put the RTX4090 power draw within reasonable limits of this connector (so far) .. let's see if the overlockers might burn up a connector after a few mods.When you figure all that power is dropped to low voltage at the chip, Thats a LOT of current being put through that piece of silicon.

author: Ranayna
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 17, 2022, 07:00:27 am
content: I have to retract my statements above a little bit. Sorry for that.First: It is not a Molex connector. It is made by Amphenol. I blame the ubiquity to call each and every connector in PCs a "Molex" connector :phttps://www2.mouser.com/new/amphenol/amphenol-minitek-cem-5-pcie-connector-system/Second: This thing has the proper ratings.But nonetheless: Considering the power capabilities of current high end power supplies, i am still a sceptic here. There are supplies recommended for the new nVidia GPUs that can deliver more than 100 Ampere on 12 Volt. A *lot* of power, with the potential for a lot going wrong without any protection circuits reacting to a lingering fault.

author: mariush
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 17, 2022, 08:16:37 am
content: They could have easily fixed some of these issues by adding 20v +/- 5-10% to power supplies.Drop 3.3v, and make psu output 20v and 12v (still need for cpu and backwards compatibility with pci-e cards and support for fans and hard drive motors etc) and use dc-dc converters for 5v (for usb, sata etc)As a bonus we would also get USB power delivery as that already has 20v defined, so would have been nice to also have USB ports that can push 20v 100w to a monitor or an external video card.

author: Ranayna
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 25, 2022, 08:21:17 pm
content: Well...The first reports are coming in:https://www.reddit.com/r/nvidia/comments/yc6g3u/rtx_4090_adapter_burned/Considering that such an RTX 4090 costs more than 2000 Euro, that is just bloody ridiculous.

author: mariush
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 25, 2022, 09:00:37 pm
content: Apparently the problem is often caused by bad contact due to wires being pulled out of the housing at an angle.The female pins are supposedly made out of bent metal with a vertical cut towards that ends up towards the top of a video card.When the connector with male pins is inserted, and the cable is pulled down, the pin inside tends to press up into that vertical cut, potentially stretching the female pin stretching it out and therefore making the contact looserHe explains better below :

author: Ranayna
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 26, 2022, 07:00:39 am
content: Yes, i realize know that this is a common issue.But why then, considering the size of that graphics card, did nVidia not use an angled connector, allowing the cables to go straight down without strain? Or just add enough strain relief? Well regarding the latter: With a 3.5 cm strain relief, the card would not fit into many cases anymoreThe card is so large that in many cases there is quite little space between the card edge with the connector, and the case sidepanel. The power cable has to be bent, and since there is no a long enough strain relief, it will bend close to the connector.For cards that are mounted vertically, so that the powerconnector is at the top, this is even worse. Gravity alone will bend the cable relatively tight since it does not have strain relief.

author: Algoma
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: October 27, 2022, 03:23:59 pm
content: I suspect that it's most likely due to poorly crimped wires at the pins that's generating the initial heated point of failure, instead of the pins themselves. One badly crimped wire and it all goes poof, not much margin for such a fragile process.

author: Ranayna
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 27, 2022, 03:27:46 pm
content: The adapter that nVidia itself includes with their 2000 bucks GPU seems to be utter and total crap:https://www.igorslab.de/en/adapter-of-the-gray-analyzed-nvidias-brand-hot-12vhpwr-adapter-with-built-in-breakpoint/

author: HwAoRrDk
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 27, 2022, 03:44:13 pm
content: Yikes, that's some horrendous construction on that adapter.That they decided to use solder connections on something theymusthave known would be subjected to bending is reprehensible. And this is an nVidia first-party accessory cable, not some shonky third-party no-name budget vendor.Even if it's this particular cable adapter to blame, and not the 12VHPWR connector format, I still wonder why the PCI-SIG decided to specify such a small connector. What's the point of a small connector if you still have a humongous cable bundle attached to it?

author: coromonadalix
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: November 03, 2022, 02:51:08 pm
content: What bothers me on this connector, why oh why did they no use bigger pins and or an 2 or 4 biiiiiiiig pins connectorthis new standard is plain stupiddo we need to have copper power bars now0 awg wire gauge now loll seriously

author: Ranayna
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: November 04, 2022, 01:28:20 pm
content: And on goes the showFirst reports of melting connectors without any adapters are coming in:https://new.reddit.com/r/nvidia/comments/yltzbt/maybe_the_first_burnt_connector_with_native_atx30/Of course this also happened with the old connectors, so one has to wait and see. One swallow does not make a summer.But since there are still very few power supplies on the market that natively have this connector, that one early swallow may be a concerning sign.

author: Algoma
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: November 04, 2022, 08:57:53 pm
content: Looks like square pins on the card side, certainly any slight rotation of the wire when seating the cable could certainly limit contact area with the pin. almost an all or nothing type connection.

author: amyk
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 12, 2025, 02:34:12 am
content: It's happening again, this time to 5090s:https://www.theverge.com/news/609207/nvidia-rtx-5090-power-connector-melting-burning-issueshttps://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/gpus/first-credible-report-of-rtx-5090-fe-with-melted-connector-appears-third-party-cable-likely-cause

author: Algoma
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 12, 2025, 03:45:24 am
content: And they really had time to rethink the whole issue..Der8auer's Video on 5090 the latest failure, with Thermal video of the imbalance issue.Buildzoid's video on the subject: How Nvidia made the 12VHPWR connector even worse.

author: amyk
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 12, 2025, 05:20:55 am
content: I wish they'd done voltage drop tests. It's common knowledge that resistance of copper goes up with temperature, so currents should naturally share equally (unlike e.g. parallel transistors that can go into thermal runaway), so I suspect it could be thermal expansion causing some pins to almost disconnect, or some other gross natural imbalance.That second video about the sense resistors doesn't quite make sense (no pun intended) either; and if these GPUs have voltage sensing, they could determine the source impedance and throttle back power consumption if they detect the rise caused by overheating (or a failing/at the limits PSU), but for some reason they also don't do that.

author: Halcyon
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: February 12, 2025, 05:40:31 am
content: Quote from: Algoma on September 26, 2022, 08:53:10 pmHey, that's not a bad idea, auto power cut-off and a little CO2 cylinder designed to fit in a 5.25" drive bay. Want to go halvsies?

author: Ranayna
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 12, 2025, 08:16:41 am
content: Ah, you were fasterI was looking to push this yesterday, but i was still looking for english language sources.Not that i am in the market for one of these ridiculously priced GPUs anyway, but that the connector is yet again an issue does not improve my confidence in these cards.EDIT:Quote from: Halcyon on February 12, 2025, 05:40:31 amA while ago i was looking at something like that for a 3D Printer. Prusa sells these:https://www.prusa3d.com/product/fire-suppression-system-for-original-prusa-enclosure-2/These could conceivably mounted at the top of a pc case. Though unlike printer enclosures, most modern PCs are very open. All that heat needs to go somewhere after all, even if it's not melting connectors

author: Algoma
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 12, 2025, 03:23:28 pm
content: 600W at 12V is still 50A of peak current .. Go look at what Welding equipment uses for 50A connectors, Perhaps the original 12VHPWR design looked bigger on paper. Its really so tiny when viewed up close and plugging it inside a dark case.Thankfully I can fix my own 4090 if the connector eventually fails. Just need to source a quality replacement. If it goes I'm tempted to install (mod) something far more robust.

author: Ranayna
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 13, 2025, 07:45:08 am
content: The conclusion should be to go the USB-PD Route: Increase the voltage.While i would prefer that GPUs get less power hungry in general, i do no see that on the horizion.So the only safe conclusion would be to increase the voltage.If you can get that isolated from the 12V coming from the PCIe Slot, which as far as i know isn't used much anyway, you would only need a new power supply.I am not knowledgable enough: Would voltage regulators that regulate down from 24 or 48 volts instead from 12 volts be much larger or significantly less efficient?

author: Algoma
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 13, 2025, 07:48:20 pm
content: Nvidia placed a configurable Power limit in their APP (System -> Performance - Power Maximum (%))I've set an 80% limit on my 4090 - Dropping from 450W to 350W and yet retained almost the same frame rates. I recommend anyone with a 4090/5090 series card to trial a sane power limit and save yourself from waiting out the pending backlog of warranty claims. Best to watch everyone else burn their cards first. Then raise it back up when its proven safe and stable. Not much performance is lost for the significant efficiency and thermal gains.

author: thm_w
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 13, 2025, 10:02:59 pm
content: Quote from: amyk on February 12, 2025, 05:20:55 amThis is what I don't understand, resistance of the cables themselves should be near identical, within a few percent maybe. Resistance of the crimps/connectors should be within ~10% or whatever, and as you say if it heats up the current should transfer to the other cable.How is it possible that 5A is traveling through one cable and 22A through another? The variation in resistance would be huge.QuoteThey do have 3 voltage sensors on 12V, at least on 4090:https://www.reddit.com/r/nvidia/comments/1d43bib/question_regarding_the_rtx_4090_voltages/https://www.reddit.com/r/nvidia/comments/146pqgk/rtx_4090_hwinfo_voltages/It looks like 4090 doesn't care if you go down to 11.5V. The problem is ATX spec is 5% which is 11.4V (if that is the relevant spec), so it might be hard to take any action until it drops below that. Still, you could just establish a no-load baseline and then monitor from that. Or maybe sense the temperature at the connector pins on the PCB.I thought the sense pins were something to do with voltage sensing but its just a power supply indicator:http://jongerow.com/12VHPWR/seems like a waste of cables to me.

author: beton_kruglosu_totchno
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: February 14, 2025, 08:12:09 pm
content: Quote from: amyk on February 12, 2025, 05:20:55 amFinally I've found somebody to say that out loud.I have a great reply to you: the current imbalance happens only because the wire resistance is very low. If wires had much more resistance than contact resistance then the current would balance very well again.I am willing to bet fortune that the fattest most expensive cables will "cause" the fire.Every 5090 can be saved literally by small 6 resistors added externally.Quote from: thm_w on February 13, 2025, 10:02:59 pmIs it written in spec anywhere that wear of the receptacle cannot result in more than 10% resistance variance? I'd bet it only specifies maximum and the minimum resistance can be many times lower when wear is low and/or plug position is optimal.

author: Simmed
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 14, 2025, 08:45:23 pm
content: https://www.eevblog.com/forum/dodgy-technology/nvidia-5090-connectorpower-cable-melting-again/msg5818157/#msg5818157gouging effectthe tin coating on the 219116 is only 1.5umonce it eats thru, the copper direct contact will drop the resistancebut this i think, will not singularly cause massive over currentmassive over current will happen by chance when the other 4 or 5 pin has good enough high resistance like 0.03Rwhich leads to this paper talking about micro movement frettinghttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0257897206002726the contact has 25um of movementthe chart is long but right at the start we can see some very wide swings in resistancewith the right coincidence, 4 or 5 pin hits high R, and 1 pin has gouge into copper, bam 15A 20A, sleeves meltthe housing is UL94, you probably wont smell anything until it is too hot and too lateit sounds crazybut maybe the connector should not be UL94maybe it should be made to give off smoke intentionally so it is obvious

author: beton_kruglosu_totchno
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: February 14, 2025, 08:49:42 pm
content: Quote from: Simmed on February 14, 2025, 08:45:23 pmYes! But it's only a problem when cable wire resistance is low. Add small resistors -> problem solved completely.

author: Simmed
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 14, 2025, 09:04:34 pm
content: Quote from: beton_kruglosu_totchno on February 14, 2025, 08:49:42 pmassuming the research data is good and the contact resistance will swing as high as 0.05 0.1Rthen the small R estimate to mitigate this is 0.03 or 0.05 ? im not surea 0.03 will dissipate 2w @ 8A, 6 lane = 12wfrom LTspice simulating 0.06 with a single gouge 0.03R, the single wire can still pass around 14A

author: beton_kruglosu_totchno
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: February 14, 2025, 09:09:55 pm
content: Quote from: Simmed on February 14, 2025, 09:04:34 pmI do not have access to that paper. If maximum receptacle resistance is 0.05 Ohm than even a 0.2 Ohm resistor would guarantee safety because the current would not differ more than by 1.25x.

author: Simmed
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 14, 2025, 09:22:24 pm
content: Quote from: beton_kruglosu_totchno on February 14, 2025, 09:09:55 pmyes i know what you mean 0.2Rbut each lane passes 8A at max performancebefore the GPU render anything we waste 6* 0.2R * 8A**2 =76wmy current cpu max load is not even 76w

author: beton_kruglosu_totchno
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: February 14, 2025, 09:37:13 pm
content: Quote from: Simmed on February 14, 2025, 09:22:24 pmDamn it I need to go have a rest finally.Yep that's a lot. But the connector already wastes 12 W at maximum resistance. 0.2 is overkill, even 0.06 would be enough, that's just 23 W additionally to guarantee safety. The balance won't be perfect but it will never burn.

author: amyk
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 15, 2025, 04:55:03 am
content: After a bit more analysis, I think ultimately what's happening is that initially a small amount of heat is causing a female to expand and loosen, which then increases its resistance and decreases the current that pin is carrying, but since the load is approximately a constant-current sink, this then worsens the current imbalance and creates more heat in another pin, but all the pins get heated, leading to a positive feedback loop.My original comment about multiple parallel wires self-balancing is still correct, but assumes that there is little heat transfer between them, and an ohmic load which reduces in current as the voltage decreases....and the other thought I had is, if you thought 50A was a lot of current, the actual GPU core runs at ~1V, so at 600w that's close to 600A on the PCB and GPU itself!

author: mikerj
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 15, 2025, 06:13:17 pm
content: Quote from: amyk on February 15, 2025, 04:55:03 amThere's a "your mom" joke in here somewhere..

author: hans
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 16, 2025, 08:47:05 am
content: Afaik the faults also happen only on certain cards. For example, the new NVIDIA founder editions have a vertical 12VHPWR connector. There are NO 6 pins per row going into the PCB because that would make the connector very deep. Instead, they simply use a bus bar to connect all GNDs/12Vs together at the connector. There is no current imbalance monitoring, per-pin voltage sensing, and presumably because its standing up, also very little in the way of temperature sensing either.I agree that the "best quality" cables are most likely to fail. These cables simply rely in ESR to be in the right ballpark. If 1 contact is +30% one day, it will do 30% less work. Take into consideration how flimsy these connectors are, so any excess cable strain, computer tinkerers replugging their cable a dozen times, perhaps some corrosion, and it becomes a hot mass to just rely on passive current balancing for this to operate properly.I looked up some schematics from the reference design high-end 3000 series cards with multiple 150W power connectors. Even though they combine all 12V pins per connector together, they do have multiple shunts per connector (up to 3) of 0.005 Ohms. As far as I know, this is also the level of maximum contact resistance we're talking about. A 150mm piece of copper cable 16AWG will have 2 milli ohm contact resistance. So its not unlikely that these shunts will increase the "total parasitic resistance" by 100%.The 3x 12V rails that entered the card were distributed to separate power phases for the GPU core. I would expect the VRM would create individual control signals for each group of phases accordingly. E.g. if one used a Molex to GPU power adapter, then that cable might see a bit more voltage drop and need a bit more help to share the work. And presumably, if a connector goes far out of spec, the card can power throttle.I personally think the both the connector and the completely passive design of NVIDIA is ***** I have read some stories that board partners are not walking into NVIDIA's same mistakes here, and they do include more shunts and monitoring to mitigate this current balance issue.Maybe NVIDIA was a bit too pleased with themselves to make this ultra sexy/slim form factor and omitted a few crucial electronic parts.

author: beton_kruglosu_totchno
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: February 16, 2025, 10:45:23 am
content: As Buildzoid showed in his 5080 PCB overview the per-pin monitoring is an exception, not the rule.

author: hans
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 16, 2025, 06:10:16 pm
content: Ah yes I see, as far as I can see from TechPowerUp GPU teardowns, only the Asus Astral has it on the 5080/5090 cards.

author: Algoma
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 16, 2025, 06:44:35 pm
content: I'm curious if an in-line balance monitoring with an optional alarm or disconnect contactor would be practical as a safety solution. If one of the lines goes above a specified current limit.

author: Simmed
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 16, 2025, 06:47:32 pm
content: some pics of 3090they have abundance of connection pinsthe white pcb is galax 3090it appears to combine 2 to 1 shunt (looks like 0.002 ?)

author: beton_kruglosu_totchno
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: February 16, 2025, 06:52:55 pm
content: Quote from: Algoma on February 16, 2025, 06:44:35 pmAlarm: badDisconnect: badAll GPUs have high frequency dynamic power management for at least a decade. Limiting power is what should be done.

author: Algoma
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 17, 2025, 03:45:46 pm
content: Well. Looks like someone is doing it anyway.An in-line monitorhttps://hwbusters.com/news/the-solution-to-the-melting-cable-connectors-issue/

author: Simmed
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 19, 2025, 03:14:26 am
content: Quote from: Algoma on February 17, 2025, 03:45:46 pmi think the temperature limit should be 65-85Cthe video shows 110Cunder 219116 / 220226 molex pdf, 2191160001-PS-000.pdfit stated that under normal rated current, it should not rise more than 30Cso the sensor should respond to " x + 30C " insteadbut it does not have any kind of external feedback to throttle downother than a power "sense line" cut, so the 12vhpwr will stopi assume the OS will somehow have to crash when it happens ?

author: Algoma
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 19, 2025, 02:57:20 pm
content: I would much rather the my game / OS crash, than $2000 go up in a curl of smoke out the top of the case.

author: beton_kruglosu_totchno
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: May 04, 2025, 09:09:40 am
content: Derbauer has measured resistances post-mortem.https://youtu.be/h3ivZpr-QLs?t=994It's somewhat lengthy, he subtracts wire resistance only at 23:07Wire 3 is what melted as he says. This can't be 100% reliable of course since the plug has already melted.

author: Algoma
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: May 05, 2025, 07:26:44 pm
content: I do like the comments about solutions used by some water cooling systems.> Monitor the 12VHPWR lines, Upon Fault:a) Audible / Visual Alarm (User Decides Action)b) Trigger the Mainboard power button input (Power button Action)c) Open a relay placed inline of mains input power for the system, with its own fault indicator.

author: thm_w
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 05, 2025, 11:10:10 pm
content: Quote from: beton_kruglosu_totchno on May 04, 2025, 09:09:40 amYeah measuring it after the fact won't tell you anything for certain, just that the minimum was 12mR.Would be good if he measured the new cables and connectors as a comparison.In the comments someone did note that the soldering was not great on the GPU connector itself. Also if its a water cooled card I wonder if the connector would be hotter or not compared to air cooled? Since it might get minimal airflow across it.

author: Simmed
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: May 06, 2025, 12:04:14 am
content: if anybody follows some of the interesting chatter12vhpwr have many versionsif you see the picsoriginally i suppose there is the 1st which has i think 1 dimple contact (see the ASTRON ? 3 dimple ?)i think dimples are terrible, they surely gouge into pinsthen i think in 1 of jayz video he shows the dimple became something else? was it a square ?then it progressed to 2 then 3 i assumethen there is the 1 split seam vs 2 split seamsthen there is the blade versionwe could say connectors design is not in the purview of nvidia (or isit ? the H200 have special sockets?)but we can guess, all these variations come about due to overheating problems which is due to contact instability issues

author: thm_w
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 06, 2025, 01:18:44 am
content: The molex microfit contact mentioned above is 2 dimple per side and 9.2A rating. That might have been one of the original versions. I'm sure they did some testing, but, at a certain point adding more and more dimples the contact will get worse. The contact area is increased, but the force is decreased.But yes seems clear a spring style design is much betterhttps://help.moddiy.com/en/article/are-you-using-4-spring-or-3-dimple-12vhpwr-connector-terminals-13kqpw6/

author: Algoma
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: May 06, 2025, 01:43:29 pm
content: Thankfully the female connectors are on the cable, an easily replaceable component once one with a functional design is established. For now I've simply power limited by 4090 to 85% power and still get nearly full performance.

author: beton_kruglosu_totchno
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: May 06, 2025, 07:25:37 pm
content: Quote from: thm_w on May 05, 2025, 11:10:10 pmEven small-ish blob of solder has microscopic resistance.

author: thm_w
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 07, 2025, 12:04:20 am
content: Quote from: beton_kruglosu_totchno on May 06, 2025, 07:25:37 pmSpecifically about half of the through holes were <100% barrel fill, and the other half 100%. How much difference does that make in terms of heat or resistance, I don't know.In terms of reliability it seems to not be an issue in a 1.6mm board at 50% fill, unless you are in high vibration environment:https://www.ipc.org/system/files/technical_resource/E16%26S29-02.pdf