App notes of high voltage SMPS? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Faringdon
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 01:52:59 pm
content: Hi,Do you know of any App Notes of high voltage SMPS?....eg with voltage 1kV to 400kV....and power levels 500W to 5000W?Or even schematics?

author: PartialDischarge
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 03:49:10 pm
content: 1kV to 400kV? wow. That is quite a range, its like saying you need binoculars to see objects from 1km to 400km

author: Gyro
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 06:53:14 pm
content: Up to 400kV at 500 to 5kW?Are you insane 'Faringdon' or simply trolling?... and in the Beginner's section too.

author: Simon
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 07:08:43 pm
content: one does not write app notes about such things, one knows how to do them if one is lucky and charges an awful lot for ones service. I suspect you would learn this sort of thing working at a company that does them, and they won't be telling the world their business

author: MK14
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 07:20:26 pm
content: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/application-notes/AN118fb.pdfhttps://www.eevblog.com/forum/renewable-energy/design-of-a-3-5kv-supply/

author: Simon
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 07:34:10 pm
content: 30W to 5kW is quite a step, I am assuming he does not require the 100µV noise limit or maybe lets throw that in just to make it a bit more fun.

author: MK14
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 07:40:04 pm
content: Quote from: Simon on October 13, 2022, 07:34:10 pmIf they are serious about this thread (I'm not 100% sure they are). Their responses, would help clarify what the heck is going on, and the true motivations behind this thread.

author: jonpaul
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 08:36:37 pm
content: Megavolt Tesla coilsLod.orgLawrence Livermore and Lawrence Berkeley labsIEEE industry applicationsIEEE power electronicsDel ElectronicBertrandStangenes Industriestextbooks on high voltage engineeringDANGEROUS LETHAL HIGH VOLTAGEJon

author: Gyro
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 09:01:57 pm
content: Quote from: jonpaul on October 13, 2022, 08:36:37 pmHis next requirement will probably be DC out!

author: Faringdon
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 09:11:09 pm
content: QuoteThanks, i suspect you are right, and i guess, party because HV engineering has big applications in the military world. I have done a lot of web searching, and am finding nothing, and certainly no schematics of HV SMPS at high power as discussed.I once worked in a HV SMPS place, and was "closed box" testing a HV 1kW PSU.....one of the engineers accidentally left a schem on the desk, and i started perusing it.....he came running back and snatched it away......telling me "oy eyes off!". I believe the layout etc is absolutely crucial.......and moving components very slightly, or rotating them very slightly, can make the whole thing not work......when they need to modify the PCBs.....they almost always add manual mods, because they are too scared to move components on the PCB in case it then doesnt work any more.....so you end up with PCBs which have shedloads of manual mods on them........so for a schematic, you have the original schem, and then aswell as that you have a massive file detailing all the manual mods that need to get done to that PCB.......the mod file is only available to staff in "paper".....there is a copy on a server but is always kept private....this way, no-one can ever copy the companies schems and take them elsewhere.The thing with magnetic fields is that they need a flow of current to produce them...but the electric field can be produced by a "static" high voltage.....and the E field from a high voltage track etc can badly interfere with a sensitive signal track, or microcontroller etc.

author: Gyro
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 09:14:51 pm
content: So are you just trolling or do you have some plausible / ill-considered application?Edit: It seems that you have a habit of wanting to share other people's confidential schematics.

author: Bud
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 09:54:05 pm
content: While Tesla coil can produce impressive discharges, what would be practical applications of Tesla coil generators, other than a pure entertainment pony show?

author: Bud
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 10:23:23 pm
content: Quote from: Faringdon on October 13, 2022, 01:52:59 pmhttp://www.saunalahti.fi/dncmrc1/thor_smps.htm

author: tggzzz
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 10:43:13 pm
content: Quote from: Simon on October 13, 2022, 07:34:10 pmThis is a treez/faringdon post.Six days ago he started a thread where he was wanting people to say it was OK for him to have children using his electrically operated gas-powered gizmos. It got to the point where uncharitable comments were being made about his motives. Seehttps://www.eevblog.com/forum/projects/electronics-controlled-valve-for-cooking-gas-bottle/msg4457065/#msg4457065and subsequent posts.Now he is asking about 400kV PSUs. That's the highest voltage on the UK overhead transmission lines, the ones with the meter long ceramic insulators.I leave everyone to judge whether it is worth their time responding.

author: Faringdon
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2022, 11:00:07 pm
content: ThanksI once tested a 15Kv DC output SMPS. The output terminal was about 1 metre away from a metal washer, which happened to be about 5mm away from some earthed metal. I could hear a sharp ticking at about 1 Hz. This ticking turned out to be the washer getting induced up to high voltage by the 15kV terminal that was 1 metre away, and then flashing over to the earthed metal, repeatedly.I think this says it all about high voltage SMPS…..high impedance points such as opamp or comparator inputs can get induced up to high voltage, and cause all sorts of mayhem.How do manage this sort of thing when making HV SMPS, in a tight space?

author: jonpaul
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2022, 05:29:08 am
content: Rebonjour We invented, designed and manufactured metal halide and xénon lamp ballasts and HV ignitors in 1982..1990,Re modern day applications for Tesla coils, used in professional, cinéma, searchlight Arc lamp ignitorsAlso, Plasma génération particle accelerators interference testing.We designed 55 kV 1 kW séries injection ignitors for 12 kW arc lamps, used at 1984 LA olympiques and Hollywood cinéma studios still using them today.TC secondary solid 6mm copper, continuous rating 200A at mains frequency.The medical fiber xénon illuminators ignitor, 70 kV pulse, 1986..1993A walk down memory lane....Just the ramblings of an old retired EEJon

author: coppercone2
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2022, 06:32:31 am
content: that is something that is made for UHVDC power transmission conversion and generation. Experimental way to make low loss t-lines without emissionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-voltage_direct_currentjust at a much lower power level. I would not be suprised if the power company made low power prototypes before building those systems**************************There are several different variants of VSC technology: most installations built until 2012 use pulse-width modulation in a circuit that is effectively an ultrahigh-voltage motor drive. Current installations, including HVDC PLUS and HVDC MaxSine, are based on variants of a converter called a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC).

author: jonpaul
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2022, 07:28:50 am
content: Coppercone:First HVDC in Sweden 1954 by AESA linking mainland to Gotland island, used huge Hg arc HV inverters.20 MW, 100 kV 100 km cable undersea.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVDC_GotlandJon

author: coppercone2
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2022, 07:32:16 am
content: i thought that thing to the right was a fork lift lol

author: HighVoltage
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2022, 08:36:46 am
content: Almost all serious high voltage schematics are hiding and behind a NDA.

author: jonpaul
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2022, 11:12:45 am
content: The Hg Arc rectifiers were frm 1920s used in DC power stations, transit, some persisted till 1970s. ||Invented and develed at GE by Dr Charles Proteus STEINMETZ.Required water cooling and vacuum pumpsThe 'arc back" was a misfire where the rectification failed for a cycle and the anode acted as a cathode.Jon

author: pcprogrammer
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2022, 11:55:05 am
content: Quote from: tggzzz on October 13, 2022, 10:43:13 pmYep, it seems Faringdon needed a new thread to amuse usWe blew his cover in the other oneThis for sure must be trolling. Not something an one man band can do "VERY HIGH VOLTAGE" electronics on his sprayed wet wooden floor to reduce ESD.

author: Faringdon
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2022, 04:48:39 pm
content: Thanks,We’re trying to work out what are the differences in a 2kW LLC for 15Kv out, and say 200Vout (other than the turns ratio and the obvious need for higher isolation)It looks like the main difference is that with the 15Kv one, you have no choice other than to do the transformer as an “integrated transformer”, since the coupling will be very poor with the 15kv one.This then also means that at 15kv, you cant then use the trick of having an LLC with tight coupled txformer, and then add a pllel LMag with the primary, so that the transformer can be made smaller.Can you think of any other differences?Attached is the basic LTspice sim of the 2kw, 15kv LLC

author: Gyro
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2022, 06:02:56 pm
content: Quote from: Faringdon on October 14, 2022, 04:48:39 pmYou paint a very distorted picture. You're a contractor - either that or you've been fired ahell of a lotof times! You are not a staff engineer (with all the company loyalties and career progression that goes hand in hand with that),you're the hired help. Of course you're not going to be staying around. Any manager who doesn't constrain you to the specifics of the work package that you've been contracted to perform want's his head looking at.You either need to accept that or become a salaried employee, but don't paint the situation as other than what it is.

author: coppercone2
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2022, 06:22:07 pm
content: ehh I kind of agree with him because when there is a mature product they have their own reasons for having a design a certain way, if you were to copy it, it would probobly end up being at least heavily modified. There is always some special deal, exclusive access to some kind of back stock or just randomly acquired manufacturing capabilities that are area/people dependent, which are unappealing to copy with a new business.

author: jonpaul
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2022, 06:32:38 pm
content: Far: "The thought of an EE leaving a company .. starting up a competitor.. because they saw a similar co's schems, is for the birds."Au contraire:My firm hired a tech in 1980s to assisit in design and fab HV, high power ballasts and ignitorsSo, worker X copied all the schematics and drawings, BOM, wiring diag, when I was away from the lab, X approached a big customer and quit.The stolen knowledge, plans and design from X were then built in his firm for years.We started legal actions but useless.My 1983 design is STILL being built by many firms.Just my memories!Jon

author: coppercone2
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2022, 07:10:28 pm
content: that stuff sounds like its easily reverse engineered, especially for HV stuff, there are not that many parts makers even if you don't know the part #why are the prints so important in that case?

author: jonpaul
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 15, 2022, 07:19:05 am
content: Employee /tech/thief, stole customers contact info, design, plans, mechanical drawings (~ 100), all manufacturing info.A 12 kW arc lamp is not a BOM/SCH/place DK/Mouser device, , most parts are custom made.Jon

author: coppercone2
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 15, 2022, 07:26:06 am
content: I guess if the market is small enough then the reverse engineering savings can make it profitablebut in a bigger market I think every part would just be reverse engineered by a team. I guess it depends on company wealth. This is for iMAX movies? I do enjoy those, but there is not alot of theaters. I know with small production high tech, finding buyers and convincing people that the tech is useful/important is hardi think the amusing thing though is that someone wants to invest capital into stolen crap, its probobly easier to make a new product with a legitimate team if you have the money to go into production, rather then to try to fight someone over cutthroat market, and deal with thieves. Like its really obsessive.I imagine that it had something to do with pride/ego/etc then absolute profit (someone decided to start a war). Someone really had a fancy for xenon lamps lol, they MUST get rich off the xenon lamp market, not some other untapped market that would make more money.And with a product like that, you can probobly cut prices to cut the other guy out for long enough for them to starve no? Usually entry is not that cheap, have them do zero sales for a year. If you have the same customers just lower price to shut down the enemy sales force till someone decides to stop paying them for doing nothing. Hopefully you can develop a new better product in time to sink the giant submarine force of outdated unsold copycat lamps... so long you have a war chest to live off of.

author: Faringdon
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 15, 2022, 11:33:40 am
content: QuoteThanks, Granted Jon Paul, there are circuits whose schematic should be kept secret, but not standard power supply schems, which are all over the web anyway, and have demo boards freely sold.From what i see, there is essentially no difference in an LLC for 15kv, 2kw output, and an LLC for 2kw, 200V output....other than the obvious different turns ratio....and the need for special HV isolation material and clearance.Also the fact that you are forced to do an "Integrated transformer" at high voltage, because you simply cant get tight coupling....This in turn means, that you cant do a tight coupled LLC transformer with a pllel LMag.....(to reduce RMS current in the primary coil)...Also, there could be noise issues if you are dividing down a high voltage output down to a 2.5V reference, say.Also, i reckon it might be good to have it on light load at startup, and just have a pre-charge SMPS to take it up to 15kv.....then again, a long soft start at high frequency might do the trick.Also, high Z nodes can get induced up to high voltage by the high E field.....so "quenching" resistors may be needed at certain points, to prevent nodes getting induced up in voltage.Also, sharp pointed metal bits shoudl be kept away from circuitry, as they will attract a high E field to them...eg , the corner of a metal tab TO220.Also, theres the obvious spacing and clearancing, creepaging.Other than that, i'd say a high voltage LLC (15kv say) has little essential differences from a 200v output one. Would you agree? (obvious differences accepted, eg, the output didoes and caps will be much higher voltage rated etc etc).

author: jonpaul
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 15, 2022, 02:13:21 pm
content: another zero information response from " Farrington" 100% wrongkeep simulating, don't fool with HV power supplyj

author: T3sl4co1l
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 15, 2022, 02:31:05 pm
content: Heh, I wonder at what point a higher-Q resonant system (more like an induction heater than a conventional LLC supply) becomes necessary. Probably fairly high voltages, and low to modest powers. In other words, enough to preclude multipliers of much ratio, but not so much that impedances are reasonable (more conventional topologies become applicable at, say, power distribution levels).Suppose I should do some design exercises to sketch that out some day.Also whether pulsed vs. CW matters much, which is to say Tesla coil sorts of things, but with a rectifier hanging off the top.Tim

author: Simon
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: October 15, 2022, 05:47:38 pm
content: well getting to a high voltage is a matter of a transformer, it's what you want to do with it after that. Not sure why the 400kV is needed in the first place so the answer can be anything between, a pain to do or don't be silly.

author: Kean
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: October 15, 2022, 06:09:21 pm
content: "400kV" step up modulesare readily available on ebay...Thanks to"The revolution in high power SMPS"it should just be a matter of get a sufficiently large number of those to meet the power requirements.

author: Simon
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: October 15, 2022, 06:19:31 pm
content: yes, that would totally work.

author: pcprogrammer
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 15, 2022, 06:41:07 pm
content: Quote from: Kean on October 15, 2022, 06:09:21 pmbigclive did a test of these:

author: PartialDischarge
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 16, 2022, 07:59:01 am
content: I think I may have the record for owning the most dangerous HV source in this forum, a Haefely 100kVac with enough current to be very spooky.With the rectifiers I can go to 140kVdc

author: Faringdon
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 16, 2022, 12:10:07 pm
content: QuoteThanks..Though the pinnacle of HV SMPS is for sure, that you need to use LLC.1...because HV txformer will have high leakage, and thats no problem for LLC2...LLC with FWB output has absolutely no overvoltage ringing on the output diodesAnd...the LLC, like all "current slosher" converters, has the problem of "severe reverse recovery" in the primary diodes (the ones in the FET package).https://www.eevblog.com/forum/renewable-energy/avoiding-reverse-recovery-problems-in-llc-converters/As the above thread tells it...This is totally resolved by adding series diodes in series with the FETs...and sic diodes in parallel with this diode_FET twosome.Infineon have a different way...they say they have software (in their app note) which detects when severe reverse recovery is about to happen, and then they just avoid switching on the FETs.On no forum, has any engineer, ever refuted the "series diode" method for LLC.If any engineer does refute it, then that engineer also is refuting the usefulness of the infineon software described above.If an LLC does not use "infineon software method", or "series diode method", then it is just waiting for the conditions which will bring severe reverse recovery to it....then it will be destroyed, or seriously weakened...causing eventual destruction...probably it dying during normal operation and people thinking it just died of "natural causes", eg Fake components or ESD from assembly handling etc etc.

author: T3sl4co1l
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 16, 2022, 01:32:03 pm
content: Quote from: Faringdon on October 16, 2022, 12:10:07 pmWell, FWB would be rather wasteful, more to the point you can use full wave doubler, or higher order types, just fine.QuoteSuch features are standard in dedicated controllers e.g. UCC256403. First by just not operating in that regime by design, and second by briefly halting operation, or faulting out entirely as the case may be.It's also not "eventual destructive" when designed properly. Switching loss may increase, but by how much, is known at design time, and can be controlled by design and detected with additional circuitry if not provided by the controller.Tim

author: Faringdon
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 16, 2022, 03:46:24 pm
content: QuoteThanks, i looked at the UCC256403 datasheet, though find that unfortunately it cannot assure avoidance of severe reverse recovery incidence in the LLC..The following App Notehttps://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-ApplicationNote_EVAL_600W_12V_LLC_C7_with_600V_C7_XMC-ApplicationNotes-v01_00-EN.pdf?fileId=5546d46253f6505701544cc1d15c20d7...shows what is needed to absolutley always avoid severe reverse recovery in LLC....Page 16 of the above confirms that unless these measures are taken...we are vulnerable to severe reverse recovery in LLC.One single incidence of severe reverse recovery in LLC can kill its FETs.........the current spike is that large, specially from a 390V bus.Page 56 and 57 of the above App note show what measures are needed...and as can be seen, these measures are not available in UCC256403.UCC256403 datasheethttps://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ucc256403.pdf?ts=1665905071034&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252FThe controller shown in the above App Note, employs all protections as available in the venerable ICE2HS01G controller...but even admits that those measures are not enough to avoid severe reverse recovery in all cases.....so it adds the necessary measures by way of the XMC microcontroller, and its ADC's, and the software it runs.The alternative, is AYK, to use the "series diode method".

author: T3sl4co1l
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 16, 2022, 04:35:20 pm
content: That... says nothing.They're using the same qualitative language I am.They clearly state that it "can" cause "stress".There is no proof that it will lead to rapid wear or destruction.In particular, the pages you have pointed to, provide no analysis, illustrating a given device, in a given circuit and layout, will suffer destruction. Nor that they will be free of such.Nor have you provided proof that the add-diodes arrangement will definitely survive. I'm sure I could construct one poorly enough, or operate it badly enough, to still cause destruction. No, a more nuanced argument must be made. Example: the application of the two topologies are substantially similar (thus their operating conditions are directly comparable), and the operating conditions are wider for one case, but at such-and-such expense to efficiency and BOM cost.Can you see how that works? Please, take the time to develop your critical thinking skills. It will be of great value to you in both professional and social environments. The best time to do this was, well, way back in school, but the second best time is right now!Tim

author: Faringdon
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 18, 2022, 07:47:41 pm
content: QuoteThanks, AYK, the added series diode makes sure that the reverse recovery current spikes through the FET are insignificantly small.AYK, its these reverse recovery spikes that are the problem for LLC.Quoting from the infineon App note (pg 16) linked in #39....Quote...the countenance that it may be "unavoidable"..AYK, they woudlnt have written that software algorithm if they though they would be OK without it.The fact that Infineon have written the software as described shows that they need to mitigate the situation of reverse recovery....Other than the diode, and that software, there are not really any other ways to be sure that a general spec LLC will be able to avoid severe reverse recovery in those special moments....rare(?) that they may be.If LLC can be OK without that software...then we have to ask...why did they bother writing it? and why are they controlling that LLC with that XMC micro, instead of their ICE2HS01G LLC controller?Have infineon written software that is worthless, and doesnt do what they say it does?

author: T3sl4co1l
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 18, 2022, 08:56:36 pm
content: Quote from: Faringdon on October 18, 2022, 07:47:41 pm"Albeit briefly"So come on, show your simulation that shows TJ rising to destruction in that brief moment. Where is it?QuoteAs you know, people wouldn't have ported Doom to the Ti-83 calculator if they thought they would be OK without it.I accept this as incontrovertible fact and invite you to join my religion, It Runs Doom.https://www.reddit.com/r/itrunsdoom/Some day, we will have power supplies running Doom!QuoteWhy did I bother writing this on a decidedly inferior platform?https://github.com/T3sl4co1l/ReverbSurely there is no practical application for such a function. Or if there were, one could go out and buy a commercial one for a couple bucks! Who would waste their time demonstrating their skills, or the capability of a platform, with such a worthless function?In other words, it's quite likely they built it for any number of goals, including a power supply with incrementally improved behavior, or a demonstration of the real-time capabilities of their DSP, or...Tim

author: Faringdon
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 19, 2022, 04:22:14 am
content: Thanks,AYK, there are a large number of articles written about severe reverse recovery incidences in LLC.....ill link them in here when i dig them out....its a while since ive read them...but the general concensus was that LLC has a severe reverse recovery problem (in "that" zone of operation that causes it).AYK, none of the shipped products may ever suffer this...or just maybe, all of them could.Which is why the series diode, or the infineon software , seems like a good "get out clause"Put an LLC with series diode, alongside an LLC without series diode, and give them repeated short cct output tests, for days and days......i know which one my money's on to last the longest.

author: Terry Bites
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 19, 2022, 06:20:59 pm
content: You an aspiring bond villain I see.If you need a high energy 400kV pulse, that can be arranged.Build a proper Marx generator.

author: LinuxHata
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 15, 2024, 08:19:26 pm
content: Well, I'm also interested in these, but my questions are more structured and logical, I hope.There are a lot of forward/flyback SMPS power supplies for relatively low voltages available, say 3.3-120V range.What if I took such power supply, say, 12 volts 50 amps (600W)and want to convert it to high voltage one?, say, 300 volts, 2 amps.As I understand, I'll need to re-wind the transformer, replace all diodes and caps and most likely, optocoupler, and adjust output feedback divider in a proper way, to receive the required output voltage.Will this be enough, or I'll need to adjust something at the primary side, too?And what if I need to have 1200 volts at output? I guess, transformer shape should be changed and 2ndary made in sections?

author: Jwillis
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 15, 2024, 09:30:52 pm
content: The Tesla coils original concept was to demonstrate wireless electricity. There are some applications today that apply that concept but as a practical application for a high power grid the draw backs out way the benefits.The idea of a SMPS having the requirements of upward of 400kV and 5000W would have to have some practical need for it. Another issue is what would the energy source be. Power in equals power out minus losses. Not to mention such a device has little advantage benefit over a simple transformer at those voltages when you take into account complexity, cost, and cost to maintain. Also the filtering required would exceed the copper content of an equivalent transformer. Just imagine the EMI coming off such a device.400kV at 5000W is a mere 12.5mA, which is fine for a deadly taser or mass shock therapy, other than that theirs really no practical use for it.