Is electrical tape as "evil" and "useless" as I've been lead to believe? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: incf
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 01:38:56 am
content: Something that astonished me upon entrance into the  electronics industry was just how little electrical tape there was to be found. Even on engineering test fixtures.Years ago, being ignorant of the intrinsically "evil" and "useless" nature of said tape - I used it once in a commercial prototyping project. I received quite an earful as a reward.The adhesive does tend to leave residue after a while. And it seems to permanently bond with itself over time making it difficult to remove.Are there any truly legitimate uses of electrical tape in industry?Could assertions of it's evil and uselessness be true? Or possibly even be grossly understated?Side tangent question: are there "better" types electrical tape, that perhaps goes by a different name, ones in which the properties of "inherent evilness and uselessness" are greatly reduced? - similar to the different grades/types of "duck tape" vs "duct tape"

author: Stray Electron
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 02:14:52 am
content: Pretty much! It's ok for what it's intended for, using it indoors in a cool protected environment, but people tend to use it inside of cars and in engine compartments, etc. And in a hot environment the glue softens and runs and gets VERY sticky and the tape turns loose and unwraps itself and the whole thing becomes a hot sticky mess!I've seen the good stuff last for years but I don't trust it and I don't use it. I always use heat shrink tubing for my electrical connections.I have never seen it permanently bond to itself or seen the glue dry out to a powder. But they do make a self vulcanizing tape that sticks to itself just slightly but then it sets up and will NEVER come apart! It's not common and it's expensive so you rarely see it. But we used it in the USAF in aircraft fuel cells. The self vulcanizing stuff is considerably thicker than the regular tape.

author: incf
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 02:24:52 am
content: Honestly, I don't think I really understand what electrical tape was/is actually intended for. Is it actually good at any of these things? (except the gooey part) I seems like it gets used because it's cheap and widely available - not because it is the best tool for the job."It's for fixing boots""It's for color coding""It's specifically designed for getting that annoyingly gooey adhesive on your hands. ""it's listed to insulate some forms of splices, but usually we use it to pull wire and such."https://www.reddit.com/r/Construction/comments/1bpzoe0/comment/kwz7dez/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web3x&utm_name=web3xcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=share_button

author: brucehoult
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 03:05:52 am
content: Quote from: incf on April 23, 2025, 01:38:56 amHere is something for which everyone around the world (mis?)uses electrical tape ... generally the cheapest one from whichever petrol station is nearest at the time that you run out:Holding the wings on gliders/sailplanes.Er, I mean, sealing the gap.Many people use the tape multiple times, simply moving it over a few cm on the wing when disassembling the sailplane (which is usually every day for people who can't afford a hangar but can afford a spot to park their trailer) and then back to the gap next time it is assembled.Also, holding on and sealing things like pitot tubes.Also our club trainers have a box in the tail where you can put up to 12 kg of brass weights, adjustable for different pilot weights. The cover had a spring-loaded bolt which people sometimes have been known to not ensure is securely engaged, and the covers and weights are expensive, so we also use electrical tape along all four edges of the cover. This is routinely removed and reapplied multiple times in a day, possibly for many weeks, until someone decides it is time for new tape.

author: TimFox
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 03:36:09 am
content: Look at a full 3M catalog to see the wide variety of "electrical tape".https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/p/c/tapes/electrical/It certainly is used for color coding: very large wires for high current are usually black, so colored vinyl tape at the ends is used for coding (phases, neutral, and ground).The electrical codes call out how much tape how far from the ends is required.The usual vinyl tape is not very strong.I prefer "self-fusing" tape (either EPR organic or silicone synthetic rubber), where you wrap something "half-lapped" under tension and the rubber layers stick to each other.Other electrical tapes use fiberglass for high temperature use: there are lots of variations.

author: Psi
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 03:44:20 am
content: Yeah, there's so much shit electrical tape that it has given it a bad reputation.The proper 3M stuff is nice, and you feel the quality when using it.But i tend to go for heatshink over tape where possible.

author: Konkedout
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 05:00:14 am
content: Not so much these days, but transformer safety insulation (primary to secondary) was 3M fiberglass cloth electrical tape + transformer varnish in many mains frequency transformers.Switching power supply transformers used a lot of polyester ("Mylar") tape for safety isolation.This means that (people not being electrocuted) depended on the reliability of electrical tape. So it can be pretty good when used properly.

author: Berni
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 05:45:20 am
content: Electrical tape is still pretty good when used correctly.The goopy messy adhesive is the main feature of electrical tape. It is designed to seal against moisture intrusion and keeps holding if it occasionally gets wet. However this adhesive has the issue of slowly sliding under a constant force. So it is important to not wrap electrical tape too tightly. It is designed to be stretchy so that it can closely conform to the what of what it is being wrapped on (again for good sealing) so it is easy to build up a lot of tension in the tape that then over time makes it slowly slip along the adhesive. Make sure to wrap the last few layers only lightly.But as said above electrical tape has a lot of cheap copy cats that are sometimes reasonably good, other times they are way way worse than the real thing. The good stuff applied correctly will survive outdoors for a good while without failing.Yes heatshrink is indeed way better, but you can't always use it and it is not as quick as just wrapping some tape around whatever you wish to insulate.Quote from: brucehoult on April 23, 2025, 03:05:52 amYeah that sealing tape is nice stuff in general, useful for holding stuff and doesn't leave glue. But i hear it is rather expensive stuff so i can see how they would skimp on it by using cheap electrical tape instead. (I don't fly gliders myself, so i never bought that real sealing tape)

author: golden_labels
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 06:06:25 am
content: Quote from: incf on April 23, 2025, 01:38:56 amElectrical tape is not useless or evil in general. It’s just seems to be used where it never belonged.Where it does belong, neither the residue nor removal are important. Isolating splices in permanent installations, making wire bundles. If it ever has to be removed, very often the wires would be discarded too. In the past decades changes in electric codes, practices, and availability of other options made it less useful, though. Now even a hobbyist can buy a wire harness per meter and all the associated accessories. Manual splices are replaced with connectors (e.g. “wago”) or proper terminal blocks. Heatshrinks are also a norm now. Electric tape still provides some basic protection against random water drops and dust, additional isolation where needed, ad-hoc tape solution for electric job.Where it never was a good idea: small wires, construction material, general-purpose tape, elements exposed to movement.Others have suggested that and I’ll join the choir: get a tape from 3M. There certainly are other manufacturers with good quality products, but unfortunately the market is filled with cheap no-name imports. Those are the greatest offender that gave electrical tape the bad name: adhesive aging quickly, the tape itself crumbling, zero UV and oxidation resistance.

author: gildasd
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 06:48:53 am
content: It depends...As others have said, in warm humid environments it sucks... If left for a long time.In my work, we use it temporarily to test, then replace it with shrink tube.It's also great for cutting nylon rope.The glue residue is easy to remove with WD40 and a rag.Never use the cheap stuff accounting wants to buy from Temu (not joking, it happens) and stick with recognisable brands so if it fails, your family can sue their insurance.

author: BILLPOD
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 12:35:18 pm
content: A corner of a paper towel and electrical tape makes a pretty good impromptu Band Aid.

author: BrianHG
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 01:20:25 pm
content: I've had cheap colored knock-off stuff from the local electronics surplus store and also purchased the real-McCoy from Home Depot with full approvals on it, sealed in its own container for shipping, not plastic shrink wrapped... There is a world of difference between the 2.That said, I still tend to use heat shrink tubing, but the areas and method of taping I have personally use have lasted over a decade perfectly fine. The cheap stuff would have easily un-pealed by now.

author: JohnG
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 01:29:40 pm
content: Electrical tape is also good for a quick and dirty way to get high emissivity when you are using an IR thermal camera. Easy to remove when you are done. Paint is better, but sometimes you can't use paint.John

author: 5U4GB
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 01:29:51 pm
content: Quote from: incf on April 23, 2025, 01:38:56 amIt's great for taping up insulation around pipes, that's usually some sort of foamed plastic with low surface activity so stuff like duct tape can let go in as little as a few days, since electrical tape bonds to itself it'll stay put if you wrap 1 1/2 or more turns around the insulation. Use 50mm tape along the seams and then 20mm tape wrapped around it to hold it in place.It's also useful for providing an extra level of seal around the edges of containers of solvents to slow down the gradual evaporation of the solvent if you're not planning to use it for some time.

author: 5U4GB
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 01:36:21 pm
content: Quote from: Berni on April 23, 2025, 05:45:20 amIf you really want to do that properly you need speed tape, that stuff is pretty amazing in terms of what it'll hold up to.

author: 5U4GB
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 01:40:56 pm
content: Quote from: golden_labels on April 23, 2025, 06:06:25 amNitto tape (from Nitto Denko in Japan) is readily available here and that's decent-quality stuff as well. As you say though, there's a ton of no-name crap around that gives it a bad name.

author: Addicted2AnalogTek
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 01:55:04 pm
content: Quote from: Stray Electron on April 23, 2025, 02:14:52 amThe product that is actually designed for automotive wiring harnesses is what I call "TESA Tape", I believe it's of the "51036" line iirc.Electrical tape is like Philips screwdrivers - The cheap ones make a huge mess of things and the high quality stuff is a pleasure to use.It's also mostly used for color coding these days - Phase marking. Also, if I'm installing contractor-use receptacles on a job site and don't intend to put the covers on the boxes, I'll tape around the receptacle to provide protection from touching the terminals. I'll also wrap the receptacle the same way if it is being installed into a metal box in order to prevent the terminals from shorting to the box if the mounting screws were to come loose. In exterior applications, it's wise (and sometimes required) to either use wire nuts filled with dielectric grease (waterproof) or to tape the nut.

author: rstofer
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 04:40:40 pm
content: When I worked in the electrical trade, we would use electrical tape for electrical things - like insulating splices and such. There are only two types of electrical tape worth a darn: Scotch 33+ (black) and Scotch 35 (colored for wire identification). Irregular objects are usually filled in with Scothfil putty. It is sometimes useful to put a pass of Scotch 33+ below the Scotchfil or you will have a very hard time getting the putty off the object.https://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/2042580O/3m-pvc-electrical-tape-guide-en-lr.pdfhttps://www.uline.com/BL_670/3M-Scotchfil-Electrical-PuttyI've been retired for a very long time but I still use Scotch 33+ from time to time for electrical things. Accept no substitutes! I use Gaffer's Tape or Duct Tape for general purpose applications and blue Painter's tape for masking when painting.https://www.tapejungle.com/news/gaffer-tape-vs-duct-tape-whats-the-difference

author: mwb1100
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 23, 2025, 05:24:42 pm
content: I have a roll of Scotch 33+ that has the odd defect that the adhesive stays on the side of the tape that is on the outer surface of the roll. It still works, but is annoying as hell to use. I don't know if mine came from a bad batch or if storing it - in its plastic case - in the unheated garage where it would see not-too-extreme temperature fluctuations (never below freezing and never above 100F) might cause this behavior. I'd think that many or most rolls of electrical tape would be stored under similar conditions.

author: Berni
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 24, 2025, 09:08:41 am
content: Quote from: JohnG on April 23, 2025, 01:29:40 pmKapton tape is better for thermal camera use. It acts black at LWIR wavelengths pretty well, is very thin so heat gets trough it quickly and is very temperature resistant. Also leaves no glue residue even after exposed to rather high temperatures.Or if you wish to paint it. Use a black permanent marker, it has nice high emisivity and can easily be cleaned off afterwards with alcohol or most other solvents used for cleaning flux off PCBs.

author: BadeBhaiya
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: April 24, 2025, 09:23:01 am
content: Electrical tape is for insulation. People hate it because its used and misused for everything under the sun from actually insulating open joints to fixing the kitchen sink. The residue is annoying but is it really that big of a deal? If you're insulating something permanently or need reliability, use heat-shrink. Don't use electrical tape to fasten stuff. Its not very heat resistant, and softens even when left in the sun, to say nothing about actual ohmic heating. Its for insulation, plain and simple.Masking tape (aka painter's tape) is a great versatile tool. I use it all the time, a lot more than electrical tape. I have several rolls of it at any given time.Also pro tip, never buy the cheapest cellotape. Its a pain to work with, the thin tape cannot take the least amount of sheering force and you end up with a ribbon of half split tape if you're not careful. Garbage!Being a bit anal about using the proper tool for the job is quite useful, not always but definitely in this case.

author: tszaboo
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 24, 2025, 10:19:50 am
content: It's acceptable for repairs. I don't find them acceptable if it's used for an installation by an electrician.The same way I think the fiberglass/cloth tapes are acceptable to provide some extra isolation for something like a battery, if there are no alternatives. But the preferred way would be a isolation sheet or something plastic, injection moulded in it's place.Basically for me it comes down to either having the tape or nothing, then I would rather have the tape. If there are other options, they should be used.

author: valcher
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: April 24, 2025, 11:51:10 am
content: Yes, according to the rules of good manners, you should use heat shrink.What will hockey players say to us about using it?

author: Perrold
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: April 24, 2025, 09:26:37 pm
content: I've used electrical tape for: color coding three phase wiring, color coding hydraulic lines, secondary seals on bottles/jars, bandaid, holding a (small) panel on when all the screws disappeared, building up cable OD so a cord grip would actually grip (don't do this), sealing light leaks, covering sensors, estimating laser beam profile. That's just in the last couple years. I don't think I used electrical tape for actual insulation during this same time period. Self-vulcanizing tape and fiberglass tape are different beasts that I find to be incredibly useful for both intended and unintended applications.

author: TimFox
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 24, 2025, 09:39:54 pm
content: According to an article I saw somewhere, some time ago, duct tape is good for many purposes, but not so good for taping ducts.Elsewhere, it was stated that "real men" could fix anything with duct tape and a pair of Vise-GripTMpliers.

author: tggzzz
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 24, 2025, 10:01:12 pm
content: Quote from: TimFox on April 24, 2025, 09:39:54 pmDon't be silly. As every mechanical engineer knows (and some have told me), a piece of string and a bent wire ought to be sufficient.More seriously, knowing every tool's limitations, and being able to assess the requirements of a solution are both essential skills. Experience helps, but is not sufficient.

author: brucehoult
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 25, 2025, 01:01:27 am
content: Quote from: TimFox on April 24, 2025, 09:39:54 pmYou can fix more with #8 fencing wire than with duct tape, but definitely the vise-grips.

author: DimitriP
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 25, 2025, 02:10:46 am
content: QuoteIt works best when it is used with conviction by true believers that "just know" when to use it.Some things are best left a mystery and/or left to others, like swallowing swords, walking on hot coals, laying on a bed of nails, using an analog oscilloscope or choosing which DMM to buy

author: SteveThackery
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 25, 2025, 10:39:03 am
content: A good guide to the usefulness of insulation tape is to see how much of it you find in electrical/electronic products that are actually being manufactured and sold.The answer is: hardly any. NOT none, but definitely very little.I find it invaluable for all sorts of things, but very much for hobby work or when I am experimenting or developing something. I don't recall using it in a finished product.

author: 5U4GB
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 25, 2025, 11:00:24 am
content: Quote from: Addicted2AnalogTek on April 23, 2025, 01:55:04 pmHmm, be careful with this one, Tesa Tape, German "Tesafilm", is the equivalent of sellotape or scotch tape. You'd want to make sure you're getting exactly the right sort of Tesa tape.

author: 5U4GB
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 25, 2025, 11:02:14 am
content: Quote from: tggzzz on April 24, 2025, 10:01:12 pmExcept in the military, where the right tool for getting almost anything sorted out is a sergeant.

author: Terry Bites
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 25, 2025, 12:11:30 pm
content: Its only inteneded use is as a short term repair.

author: mzzj
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 25, 2025, 12:44:38 pm
content: I use it mostly for things like automotive/trailer wiring & harnesses, some gludge repairs like partly broken laptop charging cable etc.BUT I would recommend only 3M Super 33+ or 3M 88T.33+ is very flexible, stays good on a roll for 15 years and glue doesn't turn to slime unless you soak it in oil.

author: Ground_Loop
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 25, 2025, 05:19:12 pm
content: | keep a roll in my travel bag to cover up all the LEDs in my hotel rooms.

author: TimFox
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 25, 2025, 05:22:20 pm
content: However, duct tape is better for covering your tongue than vinyl electrical tape, allowing you to lick the flagpole on a winter's day.

author: tooki
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 25, 2025, 05:57:16 pm
content: Quote from: Terry Bites on April 25, 2025, 12:11:30 pmThat is absolutely untrue.

author: incf
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 25, 2025, 06:07:53 pm
content: My understanding as the thread has progressed:Electrical tape is rated to provide electrical insulation95% of all common uses for electrical tape have nothing to do with electrical insulation - and could easily be done by non-electrical tapeI halfway expected to hear that it might have been used in transformer insulation in the 1950's or something.Seems that it's just a gummy, stretchy, and cheap tape.

author: Buriedcode
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 25, 2025, 10:16:35 pm
content: I mostly use the PVC tape to colour code faulty equipment - also you can write on it, for quick labels, and taping (red) over sockets if one really can't electrically make faulty equipment safe.As for using it as insulation - not in any professional capacity, but I do use it for quick and dirty inductor/transformer windings for low voltage/power stuff.

author: 5U4GB
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 26, 2025, 02:39:26 am
content: Quote from: incf on April 25, 2025, 06:07:53 pmAnd 100% of duct tape uses are not for taping up ducts. For example they may be used to hold buildings together:."Hold it together Red! / Hold it together with what?".

author: TimFox
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 26, 2025, 02:46:04 am
content: My favorite episode of that show was when they built their own Hummer: two Corollas, a Sawzall, and lots of duct tape.

author: wraper
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: April 26, 2025, 04:00:26 am
content: I figured out that electrical tape works great when combined with heatshrink tube, basically the best of both worlds. For example, if you need to join cables with multiple wires, using tape for separate wire insulation and heatshrink as outer insulation for a whole cable allows to achieve thinner and neater joint than by using heatshrink for everything. Also you can basically hermetically seal it by overlapping tape over outer insulation and heatshrink applied over it will guarantee it does not come loose. Also tape can be used to neatly fill the gap at he joint where outer insulation is removed. When covered by heatshrink it makes appliance power cord repairs barely noticeable.

author: golden_labels
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 26, 2025, 04:55:32 am
content: Now we should start a 10 page long debate on what is the “truly right name,” what are the differences between duck tape, duct tape, and silver tape, and what are they “really” made of. Upon reaching 10th page of the battle, I promise to throw gaffer’s tape into mix.Let’s preemptively defuse the situation. Whatever the origins of each terms are, whoever dripped cloth in what plastic, whichever cloth or other substrate that was: in the 21st century “duck”, “duct”, and “silver” is used as a generic term by many different brands. Not always silver, not always cloth-based. Major manufacturers have a dozen to many dozen different duck/-ct/silver tapes. Each with different properties, and in each family there usually are ones suitable for what duck/-ct/silver tape is supposedly “wrong.”More productive than sendingtape sinnersto hell, is taking manufacturer’s datasheet/catalogue and choosing the tape we need.Addicted2AnalogTek mentioned Tesa 51036. I use Tesa 4688 as a all-around tape for affixing things. Holds for 1–3 years, very good resistance against breaking, decent adhesion to most materials, survives weeks of abrasion in home environment, tears away easily and cleanly, comes in big rolls, never seen it expiring. The downsides: adhesive can’t stand shear stress well, leading to tape shifting and exposing sticky areas. After drying out the adhesive may leave hard to remove residue.

author: 5U4GB
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 26, 2025, 07:41:03 am
content: Given that list, I'll throw another one in: Flashing tape. That stuff is designed for permanent installation, adheres to almost anything, rated for a wide temperature range, etc.

author: 5U4GB
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 26, 2025, 07:41:44 am
content: Quote from: TimFox on April 26, 2025, 02:46:04 amI liked "The Big Thing", just an all-round great episode.

author: tooki
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 26, 2025, 11:54:07 am
content: Quote from: incf on April 25, 2025, 06:07:53 pmAmong consumers and us electronics folks, that might be true. But I suspect that electricians and linemen use it for real electrical purposes, especially if we include the various types of high-quality electrical tapes.Quote from: incf on April 25, 2025, 06:07:53 pmThe cheap stuff is.The good stuff from 3M (Super 33+, 88, etc) is decidedly not inexpensive. It doesn’t turn gummy. And it’s stretchier than the cheap stuff without breaking.At work, I happen to have one of 3M’s cheaper electrical tapes (Temflex 1700 I think?), and even that is far superior to generic cheap stuff. I use it as targets for the thermal camera (we work mostly with stainless steel, so you need to affix something with much better emissivity; stainless just acts as a mirror otherwise). Even when heated to 180°C, far beyond its temperature rating of 80°C, the adhesive does not become gummy. (It loses adhesion and the tape shrinks, but leaves no residue.)

author: BILLPOD
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 26, 2025, 01:08:51 pm
content: Am I the only one old enough to remember 'FRICTION TAPE"....talk about sticky

author: Ground_Loop
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 26, 2025, 02:25:59 pm
content: Quote from: BILLPOD on April 26, 2025, 01:08:51 pmI have several fresh rolls laying around the house. Great stuff.

author: macboy
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 07, 2025, 04:03:56 pm
content: Quote from: mwb1100 on April 23, 2025, 05:24:42 pmI have a very old roll of Scotch 88T "All Weather Telephone/Vinyl Plastic Tape" which has suffered the same fate. The adhesive has now transferred nearly completely to the opposite surface (except maybe ~1 mm near the edges). Still sticky, but only on the top instead of the bottom. Strange. The vinyl structure of the tape itself is perfectly intact, not too soft or firm, not sticky or oozing plasticizers. Mine was stored loose in a metal tool box, along with a few other tools including a dozen or so distinctly stinky Xcelite drivers.I see a possible lot code of 1-2593, so it would be manufactured wk25 of 1993 which is plausible, and would make it over 30 years old.

author: TERRA Operative
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 09, 2025, 07:32:17 am
content: FWIW, in Australia it is against code to use electrical tape as permanent insulation for live cables. Something something hot weather, tape unwrapping, uncontrolled thickness of insulation, etc.However, in Japan using electrical tape to insulate bare ferrule crimps used to splice multiple wires together in junction boxes is common and accepted practice (interestingly, grey tape is most often used for this, probably because the household TPS cables use here are grey. in Australia black is the most common colour).On the third hand, Japan's electrical installation standards are... not great... One can get certified for 100V electrical work with less fuss than getting a drivers license...

author: 5U4GB
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 09, 2025, 09:21:30 pm
content: Quote from: TERRA Operative on May 09, 2025, 07:32:17 am... chewed by dropbears, carried off by dingoes ...