hybridfree/eevblog-posts huggingface dataset:
Metronome circuit - need help - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: No_idea1234
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: November 04, 2024, 10:01:44 am
content: Hi,I'm having a bit of trouble understanding this metronome circuit from "Getting started in electronics" by Forrest Mims. I took electronics in high school years ago, but I have a lot of blanks to fill so I consider myself a beginner.So, from my understanding, changing the current at base of Q1, changes the current flowing through Q2 and into the speaker and that's all fine and dandy. I don't really understand what the capacitor is supposed to do? The only thing that comes to mind, in order to get a metronome effect there has to be a high and low signal, which I guess would correspond to the capacitor being charged or not. Can someone elaborate a bit further on this circuit in general? Am I on the right track? Does the current at the base of Q1 only have to be lowered for it to be considered a low signal?Thank you

author: CaptDon
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: November 04, 2024, 01:16:23 pm
content: An oscillator needs phase shifted feedback to build oscillations. This circuit is basically a multivibrator and the time constant is set by the variable resistor and capacitor. They even tell you in the text the relationship of C1. C1 is a feedback element to maintain oscillation although in this circuit it is not a clean sinewave but rather a pulse generator switching hard to one side then the other. It is a classic metronome circuit and several kit companies offered this exact circuit on a little PCB. I had one made by EICO.

author: No_idea1234
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: November 04, 2024, 01:31:14 pm
content: Yeah I figured there must be some kind of pulse effect happening (since a metronome is either off or on) but I have gaps in my knowledge still. I'll look into multivibrators next. Thank you

author: jwet
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: November 04, 2024, 03:23:17 pm
content: If you start with the C discharged (power up). The capacitor will charge up in a time governed by the product of the R and C charging it. When the voltage on C reaches about .7 volts, the NPN transistor turn on and conducts from Collector to Emitter, this pulls on the base down on the base of the PNP which turn it on, this makes a click in the speaker but only briefly, as the capacitor is discharged at the same time. The right side is at V+ through the collector of the PNP, when the right side of cap rise, a current flows through it and through the emitter- turnin it on a little harder. After a brief time, the cap is charged but now backwards, the current stops flowing (current only flows in caps when voltage is changing). This turns off the NPN and the cap begins to charge again and the process repeats. Good luck with your review.

author: No_idea1234
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: November 04, 2024, 03:45:13 pm
content: Thank you, just what I needed.There's no review btw, I just really wanted a hobby haha. Cheers
MFRC522 - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: neda9631
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: April 10, 2018, 07:05:35 am
content: helloI have MFRC522 and could communicate with registers but when bit 0 and bit 1 in TxControlReg register set to logic 1 and approach the tag , MFRC522 didn't read .I don't know what I must do . May help me ?
Mic capsules in parallel vs series - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Mephitus
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: August 14, 2017, 08:03:26 pm
content: I am trying to build a studio mic from a few electret/condenser capsules I have salvaged from some old commercial grade telephony equipment commonly used in call centers. I have seen some conflicting reports on wiring multiple modules either in series or parallel (usually parallel) to aide with noise reduction as it increases the total capacitance of the circuit and attenuates the signal a bit. I was hoping that someone might be able to help clarify this a bit and if this is even a good idea. If it helps, I will be using it with the pretty classic LM353 pre-amp circuit.

author: Audioguru
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 14, 2017, 10:39:11 pm
content: I do not know why the datasheet for the old LM353 dual opamp does not mention distortion. Also it has some noise that you do not want in a mic preamp.A newer OPA134 single or OPA2134 dial audio opamp has extremely low distortion and noise.A noise reduction mic is not two or more mics. instead it is one mic with a port at the rear so that distant sounds that are far away are cancelled.

author: SL4P
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 15, 2017, 06:27:06 am
content: Part of noise reduction strategy is tightly involved with phase cancellation - which will also give a few headaches if you're simply summing multiple mic inserts.I'm sure there are better brains here than mine, but you may googlemic summing amplifiers, possibly addingphaseand/ornoise cancellation.

author: Mephitus
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: August 15, 2017, 05:30:36 pm
content: I am using a LM353 as I am trying to work with what parts I already have or can salvage from other equipment on hand. (Divorce is sucking me dry) But I will double-check my stockpile to see if I have anything that might work a bit better. Total distortion levels don't need to fit any kind of production quality requirements. Mostly this is for learning and partly for improving the output compared to bare electret modules connected directly into the mic input of my computer. I found a few reference designs for summing and differential amplifiers specifically for electret mic noise reduction (Linking below). I will breadboard them out and play around to see what I get. If I learn anything particularly interesting I will post an update. Thanks for the help!OPA172 based pre-amphttp://www.ti.com/lit/ug/tidu765/tidu765.pdfDifferentialhttps://repository.asu.edu/attachments/56860/content/Naqvi_asu_0010E_10800.pdfSumminghttp://www.analog.com/media/en/training-seminars/design-handbooks/Op-Amp-Applications/Section6.pdfhttp://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/opamp/opamp_4.htmlEDIT: Forgot to add obligatory EEVBLOG related episode:
mic preamp design doubt - tidu765 - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: systemCorrµPti0n
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: May 17, 2023, 02:51:59 pm
content: HiSo I was reading `tidu765`, a texas instrument tutorial on how to design a mic pre amp.I have been reading and doing the math on my own with what I have around to fully understand how it works, but I can't seem to find where does formula `7` (page 5) come from.I found the same question asked herehttps://e2e.ti.com/support/audio-group/audio/f/audio-forum/1045274/single-supply-electret-mic-preamplifer-design-question---tidu765~2 years ago but the answer wasn't conclusive.They posted this equation from which equation `7` derives, which looks like the Pythagorean theorem showing a proportionality between gain and the frecuency applied to an opamp.$$(G0/Gf)^2 - (f0/f)^2 = 1$$I have done some research and found no relation between an opamps gain and it's frecuency other than it's bandwidth limit, but if I have understood correctly it's due to its parasitics and usually is well over audio frecuencies(I actually discovered herehttps://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/analogue_circuits/operational-amplifier-op-amp/gain-equations.phpwhere the gain formulas come from, but no hidden or sneaky frecuency dependance)In respect to the parallel C2 and R2 in the opamps feedback loop I simulated it in LTSpice and it is a high pass filter (which after thinking it and realizing it was just the caps reactance with a known EPR it made sense).The gain-frecuency relation formula must then come from the capacitors reactance formula mixed with the inverting opamps gain formula but I can't figure out how.Any tips on where this might come from?

author: Terry Bites
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 17, 2023, 04:27:29 pm
content: You should be able to see that the folowing is true by looking at a GBWP plot.GBWP has a slope, the hypotenuse.... you can't go outside its bound.The GBWP is set by internal capacitances, deliberate and parasitic.The opamps internal transistors, both fets and bipolar will have their own GBWP or transition frequency.Read up on Miller capacitance.Noise is proportional to bandwith, so excess bandwidth can bring its own problems.

author: systemCorrµPti0n
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: May 18, 2023, 03:41:15 pm
content: Yeah, this looks like what I was missing. I'm gonna try to see how I can fit it all togetherThanks!
MIC2309 I-LIM Pin Voltage/Current for Resistor Wattage Selection - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Freshman
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: July 14, 2025, 05:15:52 pm
content: For the MIC2039AYMT (https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/aemDocuments/documents/APID/ProductDocuments/DataSheets/MIC2039-High-Accuracy-High-Side-Adjustable-Current-Limit-Power-Switch-DS20005540B.pdf), I'd like to understand the voltage and current characteristics of the I-LIM pin, as this will help me determine the appropriate wattage rating for the external resistor. Currently using a 150Ω resistor. If I assume VDD (5V) appears across it, the power dissipation calculates to 166mW, which seems excessive. However, since the I-LIM pin is driven by internal circuitry, I'd like to confirm the actual voltage and current at this pin to correctly size the resistor.The reference design (https://www.microchip.com/en-us/tools-resources/reference-designs/narrowband-iot-reference-design?_=31), has this MIC2039 part. Checking the resistor wattage that is used with the MIC2309 ILIMIT pin, I noticed that they have used only 0603, 100mW resistors. Do you think, I will go ahead use the same 100mW resistor package part rather than doing anything else or contacting microchip?

author: jwet
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: July 17, 2025, 03:12:57 pm
content: The I limit output uses a "Sense FET" which is akin to a current mirror. The sense FET is a scaled down version of the main FET running at the same operating point- Vgs and Vds (approx). It outputs a current that is proportional to the output current that you hang a resistor on. This resistor's drop is sensed by a comparator with a fixed reference. Its an indirect way of determining current without having to use an expensive high current/power shunt resistor in the main line. Its less accurate but very good. Micrel (acquired by Microchip) goes out of there way to give you little guidance except to tell you that Rtrip is 289/I. This says that the trip voltage is K x 289V. Its likely that the current is scaled by 250 or 400 and then compared to a standard bandgap, this would give you a value close to this. This really doesn't matter and they don't want to spec it. They trim for the 289 number which takes into accounts the scaling error, the bandgap error, etc. and its not complete constant. They should give you guidance on the scaling factor at least for the purpose of sizing that R. Its safe to assume the max voltage across Vsense would be 1.25 likely a fraction of this. 1/10W should be fine.If you look a the older parts like the MIC200X or the 209x data sheets, they give you more details and even call the FET a current mirror. One of these says that trip threshold for the for I limit is 230mv which is 1/5 of a bandgap, sensible. This would imply that the K factor for scaling is 5000. You could also so some bench tests.
mic841 - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: pmj
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: May 20, 2013, 11:39:26 pm
content: Hey peoplethis is my first topic although i watch eevblog for some mothsi haved watch the video about lipo dishcharge and want to make a undervolatge cut off with mic841i have connect the Vout on p-mosfet, then i need when is low battery the Vout be equal to VDDbut there are two version the L and the H, i don't know witch one to usethanksedit: I have found the answer on the complete datasheet

author: Paul Price
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 20, 2013, 11:48:15 pm
content: The L version is the one you need. It's output goes high on undervoltage battery condition and turns off the P-Chan MOSFET.4 OUT (“N” Version) Output: Active-high, open-drain output. This output is de-asserted whenVINP< VREF, indicating a low voltage input. The output is asserted whenVINP> VREF+ VHYST.OUT (“H” Version) Output: Push-pull output. This output is de-asserted and latched whenVINP < VREF, indicating a low voltage condition. This state remains latcheduntil VINP > VREF+ VHYST.OUT (“L” Version) Output: Push-pull output. This output is asserted and latched whenVINP < VREF, indicating a low voltage condition. This state remains latcheduntil VINP > VREF+ VHYST.5 VDD Power Supply (Input): Independent supply input for internal circuitry.

author: pmj
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: May 22, 2013, 09:56:08 pm
content: Quote from: Paul Price on May 20, 2013, 11:48:15 pmthanks for the help
Mic'd headphone signal decoding - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: EvilGeniusSkis
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: February 18, 2014, 12:56:51 am
content: I am working on a project that involves 4 pin mic'd headphones. I have gotten as far as the pinout (T=left R1=right R2=gnd S=mic)I also know that shorting S>R2 is the "play/pause" or "answer". Does anyone know what volume up/down is?

author: Psi
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 18, 2014, 01:02:38 am
content: Try connecting S>R2 with a few different resistor values instead of a dead short.Volume up down is probably something like this but with more resistor values for the extra buttons.

author: EvilGeniusSkis
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: February 18, 2014, 06:31:58 pm
content: measured the resistance between each pin and gnd this is what I got:statepin normal volume up volume down answerT 40R 40R 40R 40RR1 41R 41R 41R 41RS 35M 35M 35M 0Rwish i could get some broken ones to tear into.35M seems a bit high for a microphone resistance anyway.
Mica isolation layer TO247 package - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: GBolamp
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: April 27, 2021, 01:18:37 pm
content: Hi all,I was surfing the forum searching for an answer to my question but even though I have found many threads on this topic I wasn't able to find the answer to my question, so there it is:I am building a dual channel power supply, this supply has 4 TIP142 (TO247 package) for each channel, these NPN have to be mounted on a common large heat sink, these transistors have a back which is shorted to the Collector (not isolated back) they have to be isolated electrically from the heat sink, together with the transistors I have received some mica layers that have to be inserted between the transistor and the heat sink so they have an isolation, my question is:Where does thermal paste have to be used, Do I have to put thermal paste in between the transistor and the mica layer then also on the back of the mica layer that goes on the heat sink or just in between the transistor and the mica layer is enough?If there is already an answer to my question would you please link it below.Thanks in advance to all.

author: wraper
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: April 27, 2021, 01:22:47 pm
content: On both sides of mica. Thermal paste is used to avoid air gaps. And air gap on either side of mica is just as bad for heat transfer.

author: GBolamp
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: April 27, 2021, 01:33:09 pm
content: Thank you,that is what I though also but on the instructions they specified to put the paste just between the transistor and the mica, which sounded a bit strange to me because I knew the story as you have written, but then I had this doubt in my head, I had to hear another opinion on the topic.Anyway, thank you very much for the fast answer!
Micro controller incorrectly reading multiple button presses - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: helio0centra@gmail.com
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: August 31, 2022, 07:56:09 pm
content: I googled it and found a video saying to use something called a schmidt trigger but that looks complicated and space is an issue. Would something simple like a capacitor in series with the button help?

author: ledtester
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 31, 2022, 08:15:45 pm
content: You can debounce a switch in software -- look up "software button debouncing".

author: thm_w
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 31, 2022, 10:01:24 pm
content: A capacitor can help yes, but if the switch is bouncing a lot it may not resolve the issue.The capacitor would go from the micro input to ground, and assuming you are using some resistor pullup.https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/620587/hardware-debounce-using-rc-filter-and-correct-gpio-configuration-on-mcu-side

author: pqass
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 31, 2022, 10:03:35 pm
content: You may get away with just a 100nF cap across the button terminals.Or, see this thread:https://www.eevblog.com/forum/microcontrollers/switch-software-debounce/msg3717061/Specifically, replies #1 (for writeup several techniques) and #7 (an implementation).

author: Benta
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 31, 2022, 11:22:18 pm
content: Dunno which MCU you're using, but most suppliers have libraries for this kind of thing in their software/firmware support libraries that are ready-to-use.
Slimline SATA and mSATA connectors, where to find them - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: senso
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: May 21, 2015, 12:03:26 pm
content: Good morning, so I'm hunting some microSata and mSata connectors, but I can't really find what I need.Basically I need a male(or is it female) Slimline SATA that will connect to a laptop motherboard and then an mSata connector that will be used for an SSD, why an mSata SSD, because I want the space to keep my extra fan in the bay space as well still having an SSD and keeping the 7200rpm spinning hdd for storage.The micro sata connector that I'm looking for is the one inside the red rectangle:The other connector is the mSata, like this one from Molex, but one that is not obsolete:http://www.molex.com/molex/products/datasheet.jsp?part=active/0679109000_EDGE_CARD_CONNECTO.xmlThe substitute they suggest is a bit thicker, but lacking options it will work.Best regards.

author: Monkeh
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 21, 2015, 12:17:36 pm
content: mSATA uses standard Mini-PCIe edge connectors. These are wildly available.E: And the micro-SATA didn't take much finding:http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/1735443-2/A119283-ND/4897902

author: senso
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: May 21, 2015, 01:20:01 pm
content: I was searching primarily at Mouser, because there are group buys from there every month, Digikey to Portugal will put that single connector at over 20€ due to shipping and VAT+customs.EDIT:That connector wont fit, I think I finally discovered the magic word, its a slimline sata!It mates into this sort of connector:

author: Monkeh
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 21, 2015, 01:25:32 pm
content: 13-position SATA, much hard:http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/1735418-3/A118053CT-ND/4729927http://my.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Molex/47300-1005/?qs=sGAEpiMZZMsWkX3fPoxIPccvBbmm8ZZh

author: senso
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: May 21, 2015, 01:28:56 pm
content: I'm ashamed of my dumbness..Thank you so much Monkeh

author: Monkeh
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 21, 2015, 01:31:52 pm
content: Let us know how you get on! Always good to see PC modding involving more than bolting together off-the-shelf components with flashy LEDs on 'em.

author: senso
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: May 21, 2015, 05:56:45 pm
content: Thanks, already requested a Molex clip thing that will secure the SSD, and 3 mini PCI Express slots of different sizes.Will work on the PCB and cad design of the box in the weekend.
Micro SD Card connector selection and related questions - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: pg
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: October 09, 2024, 01:29:11 pm
content: I'm about to connect a micro SD card to a ESP32-S3. Because there might be no space to pull the card I'm going to use one of the spring loaded and locking connectors.When looking at the available connectors at LCSC of that type and restricting the selection to 1.8..2.0mm and gold plating, there are still 33 products to choose from. All look about the same.Is there a standardized footprintfor those connectors, so I can created a PCB that works for most of them? If so, does it matter what connector to choose?How does the CD pin work? I guess it is shorted to either the GND pin or the metal cover plate when the card is in or out. What of this?I might want to add an activity LED indication for the card. Is there any signal pin that I can use? In SPI mode, the CS pin should work but does this also work as desired in 4-bit mode?I also read somewhere that the interface (don't know whether 1- or 4-bit) requires pull-ups. I believe for SPI this should not be necessary as long as a floating MISO is not an issue for the CPU. But what about 4-bit mode?And finally a question regarding all SMD connectors (eg. USB): Sometimes under mechanical stress (accidents), the copper layer can get ripped of the PCB. Does it help to put some vias under or close to the mounting pads? If so, what hole diameter is best?Of course the pads should be kept as large as possible.
Micro soldering iron vs standard station iron - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: HecticZA
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: March 24, 2018, 07:34:27 pm
content: Hello old wise ones.I recently bought an 80 watt/3 Amp soldering station.The station is locally made in South Africa and has decent track record for quality and performance.Don't think it is comparable to a Hakko, Weller , etc ito heat up speed and recovery time, but performance is not horrible at all for me, compared only to my own previous soldering irons.It uses the Weller EW range tips. It is available as a dual station as well, but I did not have the money to buy it and unfortunately I got impatient and bought the single Station, because I would have had to save another couple of months to buy the dual station and I got a better than normal deal on the single staion model.Both stations uses the same standard 24V 80 Watt iron.The micro pencil is a 24V 65W optional extra for my station.I will have to save a couple of months should I wish to buy the micro soldering iron for my station.I do not have an hot air gun at this stage.Is it worth it to buy the micro pencil? I do not know what the differences are between the two irons, apart from the wattage. The micro iron uses the RX Weller tip range, which are basically double the price compared to the standard tip range.I think the smallest tip for the micro iron is 0.4mm, but comes standard with a 2mm tip.What would be the differences between a 2mm or any other similar tip size?If I use a 0.8mm tip on my standard iron, can't I use it for SMD's or why would a Micro iron be better?Any input} would be appreciated.Thank you.Sent from my SM-N950F using Tapatalk

author: ebastler
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 24, 2018, 09:45:59 pm
content: Quote from: HecticZA on March 24, 2018, 07:34:27 pmProvided that your current soldering iron sits comfortably in your hand and does not feel unwieldy, I don't see any benefit in buying the micro pencil. A 0.8mm tip in your current iron should be fine for soldering medium pitch SMDs pin by pin. And if you look for tutorial videos on SMD soldering, you will find that the common approach for fine pitch SMDs is to use a tip which is much wider than the individual contact pads, and a lot of flux. (Or using solder paste, a stencil, and a reflow oven, of course.)If you should really have a need for very fine tips at some point, it seems that the EW series goes down to 0.4mm tip diameter as well (EW-511). I have never used such a fine tip, however.I would suggest that you save your money for a hot air station. Not an urgent purchase, in my view, but helpful for unsoldering components, as well as for local reflow heating. You will find threads on this forum which discuss the merits of low-cost and more expensive models. The low-cost ones should be fine for hobby use.

author: HecticZA
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: March 24, 2018, 10:02:01 pm
content: Thank you for the feedback ebastler.Sent from my SM-N950F using Tapatalk
Micro usb port for tablet - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Seaofdep
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: July 10, 2017, 07:25:52 am
content: Hi , I have a tablet with a broken charger port , and it will cost more to fix it than the cost of a new one. I dont have a hot air blower so don't want to attempt removing the damaged micro usb with only a soldering iron (not that skilled yet) And I really need to access some files on it asap, I'm wondering if anyone can help with a easy temporary fix on charging the batteries or any help or tips on repair of some sort ? Attached is a picture with the micro usb And 3 wires that connect to batteries circled in red, any more info needed please ask Thank you

author: RoadRunner
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: July 10, 2017, 08:21:07 am
content: i suggest there are few things you can do.try to solder few jumper wires directly to USB connector PADS. And take them to a nice working usb cable or connectortry to connect jumper wires to USB port protection circuitry , may be a very little inductor like device is there .i assume batter is too low and you can't trun it on.find out battery contacts. either power it from lab power supply with ~ 3.7v.you can also try to install a new battery or try charing this battery from external charger some how.

author: Seaofdep
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: July 10, 2017, 09:33:03 am
content: Any chance I can connect it to the wires going to battery ?thank you for your help

author: RoadRunner
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: July 10, 2017, 11:56:11 am
content: Quote from: Seaofdep on July 10, 2017, 09:33:03 amyes you can connect a power supply adjusted to 3.7 V to the battery terminals. just disconnect bettery before you do it , just in case.i think you can easily figureout what is ground , and + point is already marked on PCB .

author: RGB255_0_0
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: July 10, 2017, 12:12:55 pm
content: Get some Chip Quik and it will come off pretty easily with just an iron.It does a good job from my experience.
Microcap Circuit Simulation is now free. No need for HASP KEP - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: rbola35618
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: October 03, 2019, 02:14:16 am
content: Just found out that Microcap which is a very power full simulator is now free. It looks like the owner is retiring and decided to make it free to the engineering community. This indeed is a very powerfull simulator.News:Effective 7/4/2019, Spectrum Software is closed. Micro-Cap is now free.Technical support will be available for at least 90 days via email at Support.You can download the latest versions of Micro-Cap here: DownloadYou can choose either the executable program or the entire installation CD for MC10, MC11, and MC12. If you have an earlier version, download and use MC12. These new versions do not require the security key, so they make Micro-Cap free to the entire engineering community.Thank you for the honor and privilege of serving you for the last 39 years.Spectrum Softwarehttp://www.spectrum-soft.com/index.shtm

author: oPossum
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 03, 2019, 02:26:16 am
content: https://www.eevblog.com/forum/projects/microcap-12-is-free-(as-in-beer)-now/

author: rbola35618
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: October 03, 2019, 02:53:13 am
content: Thanks. Sorry for being late for the party
Microcap to Kicad - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: techninja80
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2024, 05:25:35 am
content: Does anyone know a good workflow from microcap to kicad. I would like to somehow transfer the netlist from microcap to kicad. I am unable to get the only format both of them can read to work which is the PADS file format. If anyone know of any converters, or scripts that can make the changes needed for kicad to read what Microcap is spitting out I would greatly appreciate it. The basic idea is. I would like to simulate the circuit, and then be able to move it to kicad for board modeling without having to redo the entire circuit from scratch.

author: jonpaul
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2024, 05:30:33 am
content: Hello we have both KiCAD and MicroCap (magnetic and circuit desinger)b Microcap is from 1982!The auhor has sadly passed away,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-Capso, the code and conversion would requite a very experienced programmer who can solve this.AFIK, no simple off the shelf exists.Just do it manually, should be easy if you know both programsJon

author: Doctorandus_P
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2024, 08:34:54 am
content: KiCad can create a PCB from a set of Gerber files. It's far from perfect, mostly because a lot of information is simply not present in Gerber files, but it is useful, and much better then nothing. You get about 80% of the PCB in a few minutes of preparation and conversion.For the rest, you can import "background" graphics both in the Schematic and PCB editors in KiCad. I have reverse engineered some (simple) PCB's from loading photographs into the PCB editor, and I once also used a JPG of a hand drawn schematic as a background picture in KiCad's Schematic editor and put real symbols and wires on top of it. You can scale such pictures to the "actual" size in KiCad, and it is a time saver.

author: xvr
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2024, 05:38:01 pm
content: QuoteYou can simulate circuit directly in KiCAD - it has builtin Spice simulator now.

author: Benta
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2024, 09:09:10 pm
content: Quote from: xvr on October 13, 2024, 05:38:01 pm"Now?" It has had simulation as far back as I've used it.

author: janoc
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 13, 2024, 09:42:59 pm
content: Quote from: Benta on October 13, 2024, 09:09:10 pmThen you didn't use it for very longThe simulator support came sometime around 2018, in KiCAD 5.

author: tooki
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2024, 07:21:13 am
content: Quote from: jonpaul on October 13, 2024, 05:30:33 amThe wiki page doesn’t say the author died.

author: janoc
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 14, 2024, 03:05:24 pm
content: Quote from: tooki on October 14, 2024, 07:21:13 amI believe he retired and closed the company (Spectrum Software) down 5 years ago. I think I have also seen news that he has passed away recently.
Microchip MPLAB versions - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Excavatoree
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: July 26, 2010, 07:12:05 pm
content: I considered adding my question to one of a few Microchip/Pickit threads, but I finally decided that I will just ask my question separately.Although I'm a degreed electrical engineer, and a former electronics technician, I've only been what can be considered an electronics hobbyist. I've always wanted to learn to use microcontrollers, but I never actually did anything. After watching one of Dave's blogs, I bought a Pickit 3 with the development board that is included. While waiting for it to arrive, I read about some tutorial articles in the EEVBLOG forum. Good stuff.When the Pickit 3 arrived, I noticed it included a surface mount microcontroller (I can't remember which_ while the tutorials I am reading start off with a baby - the little 6 or 8 pin model, while using the older "low pin count" demo board. So, figuring that I'm just starting and don't need further complication, I'll buy the same hardware used in the tutorial.The cheapest way to get the low count eval board was to buy a pickit 2 kit with the board! (I bid low on "famous auction site" and got it)So, we finally get to my question, after almost a book of expository info:What version of MPLAB should I install on my computer?Can I install the software that came with the Pickit 3 and use it with the smaller microcontroller and the "low pin count" eval board?Should I install the older version that came with the Pickit 2, and, when I get to the newer microcontrollers, then download the latest software?Does MPLAB prompt for auto-update?The only thing I'm sure about is that I've over-anlyzed this.I thank everyone for any help/advice you can give me.

author: ElektroQuark
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: July 26, 2010, 07:14:56 pm
content: Install the lastest one. It will be the most up to date and it will support same micros the old one support plus the most recents.

author: Mechatrommer
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: July 26, 2010, 07:53:30 pm
content: yup. download the latest from microchip website

author: migsantiago
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: July 26, 2010, 09:08:47 pm
content: Some recent MPLAB versions had some minor troubles when using the CCS compiler and Windows 7. Versions 8.43 or before worked OK.If the current version still has problems, I'd recommend version 8.43.

author: EEVblog
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: July 26, 2010, 09:12:46 pm
content: Yep, just get the latest one. It has the most recent PICkit 2 and 3 firmware, and latest device support. They are always backward compatible for every PIC chip and programmer ever made as far as I am aware.Dave.

author: migsantiago
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: July 26, 2010, 09:21:32 pm
content: Quote from: EEVblog on July 26, 2010, 09:12:46 pmYeah, they keep compatibility with old PICs and the MPLAB IDE hasn't changed in ages, it looks as a win95 software

author: Excavatoree
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: July 27, 2010, 02:17:33 pm
content: Thank you, everyone.
Microchip PIC assembly - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: npelov
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: June 20, 2015, 12:17:30 pm
content: Hi,I used assembly to program PIC MCUs long time ago. I switched to C because it's faster to develop. However from time to time I need to write some assembly code - especially for interrupts. Sometimes I want to write the whole firmware in assembler. The problem is that since microchip migrated to XC there is lamost no documentation for assembly language. I remember there were 2 ways to define variables in ram:Code:CBLOCK - absolute addressingandCode:.delayudata_acsvariable_name res 1 ; number of bytesThat's not compatible with XC. Also I used to return from high priority interrupt like this:Code:RETFIE fastnow it's:Code:RETFIE fWhat is the define for "access" and "banked"?And most things are not well documented, or not documented at all. Where can I find assembly documentation and code examples. The whole "Microchip Libraries for Applications" is written in C. I can't easily search for application notes written in XC assembly which I can use as examples. I don't know how to reserve space for a variable in RAM ...And the reason to write in assembly? It's really nice that they made high priority interrupts in PIC18 with automatic storage of most important registry. You can do really low latency interrupts. But not in C - it stores 10-20 more registers with 2 cycle MOVFF instructions and these registers are not even used.

author: npelov
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: June 20, 2015, 03:20:17 pm
content: Just got to a show stopper. How do you call function that's defined in one assembly file from another assembly file. Before with C18 and assembler I had to declare the function with "extern":Code:extern functionAcall functionAHow do you do that in xc?

author: Ian.M
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: June 20, 2015, 03:32:53 pm
content: XC8 assembler is based on Hi-Tech ASPIC assembler. Its worth having a look around the old (archived)Hi-Tech forumsfor examples and explanations.

author: npelov
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: June 20, 2015, 04:13:01 pm
content: I'm having second thoughts. It's been too many times when I tried to write in assembler or mixed C/Assembler with XC. It's not going to work. I would prefer to go with unsupported MPASM + C18. Can anyone tell me where can I get latest versions of these?Edit - Found it:http://www.microchip.com/Developmenttools/ProductDetails.aspx?PartNO=SW006011I'm sick of software that's being rewritten only to remove features.

author: Dinsdale
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: June 21, 2015, 02:56:12 am
content: It has been a while, but I'm pretty sure that any .asm files in an MPLABX project will automatically be handled by the linker. You might check the linker options in the configuration section. I know that there is no other way to issue linker instructions, but a linker does run.
microchip xc8 v1.37 not installing. - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: neko efecktz
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: May 05, 2016, 01:39:22 am
content: I hope someone can help me with my problem.I'm a newbie to micro controllers, just starting out.I have ordered a PICKIT 3 and some new breadboards online. Should be here soon.I installed MPLAB X8 IDE etc and found it to be too hard to get even a simple programming up and built.I have a few 2 x 16 LCD,s that I want to build a couple of projects with.The help files for the LCD is very confusing and I am unable to find much in the way of samples and demos online,either as code or videos.There are a few more available for XC8 v 1.37 including getting at legacy libraries.It appears that MicroChip don,t think much of hobbyists wanting to use 2 x 16 LDR displays.No Longer Supported as I understand.Here is my main problem.I uninstalled MPLAB X8 IDE etc but some of it didn't uninstall.mplabcommv3.17.01BIN folder with several filesJAR folder with several filesSWITCHER folder with several filesMPLABCOMMLicense.txtMPLABCommUSBBridge.exeMPLABCommUSBBridge.jarMPLABCOMM-v3.17.01-windows-installer.exeI renamed the MICROCHIP folder and installed XC8 v1.37The install process goes without a hitch but there are no executables to run.I tried to do it a second time with the same results.I ran uninstall again, had some junk left again, a couple of folders then rollbackBackupDirectory.I renamed the MICROCHIP folder and tried againSame results. No excecutables.Any suggestions would be appreciated.

author: JPortici
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 05, 2016, 11:05:18 am
content: XC8 is only a compiler. The binaries are inside the /bin/ folderlike in c:/program files (x86)/microchip/xc8/v1.37/bin/you can use it with a console.if however you want to have a graphical IDE you need MPLABX too

author: Wilksey
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 05, 2016, 11:12:31 am
content: Yeah, you need to install the IDE also.
Microcontroller GPIO slope control - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: HwAoRrDk
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 07, 2020, 05:51:26 pm
content: I am using a microcontroller (STM8) that has selectable slope control for its GPIO pins: 'standard' (2MHz) or 'fast' (10MHz).With it I'm controlling MOSFET gates with some of these GPIO pins, and with a 470R gate resistor plus the inherent characteristics of the FET, it means the minimum rise/fall times of the switching are approximately 500ns. When a GPIO pin is in 'standard' mode, its rise/fall time is 125ns, which is obviously faster than the FET can switch, so I believe this should impose no (additional) restriction on the maximum switching frequency.But, will I gain (or lose) anything by switching the GPIO pins to 'fast' mode?

author: 0xdeadbeef
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 07, 2020, 05:58:36 pm
content: Typically you would only use fast where you really need it since faster edges mean higher frequency components and this is typically nothing you want for EMC.E.g. "fast" might be needed for things like SPI at higher frequencies where certain timings need to be fulfilled.

author: HwAoRrDk
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 07, 2020, 08:44:09 pm
content: Would 'fast' mode actually behave any different with regards to EMC if the gate has a current-limiting resistor in series? Or will rise/fall time be different before and after the resistor?

author: Siwastaja
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 08, 2020, 07:44:36 am
content: The resistor basically does the same, so if you have a series resistor, the EMI benefit from using the slower IO pin setting is smaller. The benefit is largest when you want to save BOM cost / area and can't afford the resistor. Then there is a big difference.But even with the resistor, the effect is non-zero. Even if current is limited by the resistor, there issomeloop area and parasitic capacitance within the IC output structure itself, so slowing it down "internally" reduces current spikes and EMI within the chip. In addition, you have some copper area before your series resistor where the dV/dt of the "raw" pin is visible - this is a radiation source, albeit small (and also the reason why the series resistor should be close to the driving pin). So use the low-speed setting when you don't need the high speed, even if you use a resistor.

author: HwAoRrDk
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 08, 2020, 03:40:15 pm
content: Quote from: Siwastaja on August 08, 2020, 07:44:36 amI thought this might be the case. Thanks.

author: Doctorandus_P
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 08, 2020, 07:23:36 pm
content: If you have an oscilloscope it might be a fun (& educative) experiment to remove most of the bypass capactiors near your uC, and then measure the power supply rail on your STM8 with AC coupling with both the 2MHz and 10MHz setting, and also the output to the Fet.
Microcontroller oscillator - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Unknown
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: June 30, 2013, 12:50:37 am
content: Here's an interesting treatise on microcontroller oscillators, that I think is really useful.http://ecee.colorado.edu/~mcclurel/iap155.pdf

author: cthree
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: June 30, 2013, 02:19:19 am
content: Excellent!Here is more info on choosing a clock for an AVR from AVR freaks.http://www.avrfreaks.net/modules/FreaksArticles/files/21/Why%20you%20need%20a%20Clock%20Source.pdfAnd from Microchip for the PIChttp://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/appnotes/00826a.pdf
Microcontroller Peripheral Voltage ranges and Drive strength - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Freshman
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: March 07, 2024, 08:48:28 am
content: I have this Microcontroller,https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/aemDocuments/documents/MCU32/ProductDocuments/DataSheets/SAM-D5x-E5x-Family-Data-Sheet-DS60001507.pdf, where they mention the acceptable voltage levels in between 1.7V to 3.63V.But under USB section, page 1884, they mention for USB, we need 3.3V.But for other peripherals like, I2C, ADC, SPI, I didn't see such mention of required voltages.So my questions:1. If I give 1.8V as Vcc to the MCU, I can work with other peripheral perfectly fine except USB? Or what peripherals will be affected or the ones I need to take care if I use 1.8V as Vcc?2. While researching more on this, I found on page 1846 that , "Note: Note: The PA24 and PA25 pads do not have Drive Strength capability.". These are USB datalines. What does it mean that they don't have drive strength capability?

author: Leuams
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: March 07, 2024, 10:24:14 am
content: On most of the datasheet I have read the voltage range impacts the maximum clock frequency that the MCU can run at. The USB peripheral most likely needs a clock frequency that the lower voltages can't reliably run.

author: newbrain
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 07, 2024, 10:34:00 am
content: The peripherals internal to the MCU will still work in the recommended range (check for clock speed limitations at lower voltages), but, of course, when you connect something to the I2C or the SPI the levels must be compatible.For 1.8 V, this is not usually the case if the external peripheral is powered by 3.3 V.Consider also that the maximum operating conditions state that Vpin must be at most Vdd+0.6 V.This means that a MISO input for SPI or SCL/SDA with a 3.3 V pull up for I2C would be exceeding the maximum allowed input voltage.As for the second question: the drive strength of (most) IO pins can be set by SW, USB lines lack this possibility.
Microcontroller Tips 'n Tricks - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: ledtester
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: September 21, 2023, 06:40:56 pm
content: I chanced upon this Microchip publication which might be of interest to others just starting to get into microcontroller development:Compiled Tips ‘N Tricks Guidehttps://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/01146b.pdfIt contains 144 tips spread out over 137 pages. It was published in 2009 and written specifically for the PIC microcontroller line, but most of the tips are generically applicable to other microcontroller families.Attached are the table of contents.
microcontrollers - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: snipersquad100
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: December 31, 2014, 09:57:39 am
content: Is it possible to find out what code is written to an arduino or microcontroller?if so how please.thank u

author: picandmix
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: December 31, 2014, 11:37:52 am
content: In a word, Yes, but in realistic practical terms for someone with little knowledge of micros then No.First , when burning a program to a micro you can often put a secure lock on the code to prevent folk from reading it back.Even if it can be read out via a programmer then all you get is basic machine code / hex values which are next to useless.There are some program which can made more sense of the machine code but its still very difficult - probably simpler to write the program code from the beginning yourself.What are you trying to read and for what purpose ?

author: snipersquad100
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: December 31, 2014, 12:23:32 pm
content: I made a esr arduino shield, but I want to use the arduino for other projects, and make a new esr meter on a pcb.The problem I have is that I cant find the code I used to program the esr shield and the microcontroller on my arduino is a smd so I cant take that chip off.

author: FreddyVictor
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: December 31, 2014, 01:14:09 pm
content: yes, you can connect say an AVR ISP MkII to arduino and read the hex file and then write this to another chipcan even copy the eeprom settings aswell

author: sleemanj
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: December 31, 2014, 01:19:50 pm
content: Google for avrdude backup and that should get you pointed in the right direction.

author: snipersquad100
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: December 31, 2014, 04:58:50 pm
content: thank you guys

author: IconicPCB
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: December 31, 2014, 08:54:47 pm
content: Arduino generates a conventional hex file ( just like the GCC compiler. The file is located ina some obscure temporary location on the windows machine and equally obscure location on the linux machine.Searc for files ending in .hex and You will have it in your hot sticky mit.