µLCR Tweezers - Open source project - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / general

author: Free_WiFi
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: April 05, 2019, 09:54:34 am
content: Original source :https://radiokot.ru/artfiles/6435Author : Alex2 from radiokot.ruYouTube :http://tinyurl.com/y4sev43tPublished in : 20.09.2018.Translated by : FreeWiFi -Italy-µLCR Tweezersis an portable/pocket SMD multi-tester,he's capable to measure the following items : Resistance,Capacitance,Induction and so on ...During the development of thisµLCR Tweezersthe priority was to make an portable/pocket,easy to use,SMD tester with high precision & resolution.(The creator was inspired by the following products : НВ-14, Smart tweezers, LCR Research.)Technical spec :Measurement RangeR from 0,1mΩ to 10MΩL from 0,1nH to 10HС from 0,001pF to 22,000 mFTest Signal SpecificationTest Frequency 100Hz, 1Khz, 10Khz, 93Khz, 187KhzTest Voltage 1Vrms 0,3Vrms<========================================>Dimensions : 158х28х12mmWeight : 29grPower source : Li-Ion 3,7V 250mAhPower consumption : 75mAh-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The base idea to make theµLCR Tweezerswas taken from another open-source LCR meter like the :RLC Balmer 303,because he's very perspective for long life& continuous development in the meantime.In this project we are using the maximum potential from our MCU,integrated DAC,2 independent ADC for U-I and the usage of good programmable Amp's;all of these things are leading us to archive an very high quality final product(with basically 0 compromises(maybe)).This tester is working like the others of it's genre,basically he's also very similar with theRLC-2:In to the testing component we feeds an rms signal with an fixed frequency,we measure the amplitude on the testing component and also the flowing current over the shunt.The testing signal of voltage and current is amplified until the necessary(or until the requested),at this point these signals are converted into digital via the internal ADC ofour MCU.From the amplitude of tension & current and from the moving point of our phase,we are able to calculate stuff like the : R,L,C,Q,Z etc...The MCU is responsible of the testing signal with the help of it's own DAC,the amplitude of voltage and current is checked via 2 integrated channels in the ADC,the optimal amplifying of the channels is made to be possible via the PGA and also via the specs of our shunt.The used micro-controller for this project "STM32F303" is fast enough and also high res on the ADC side.The used screen in this project is an 1,3" OLED Display,he's very compact,low cost,very good brightness,optimal contrast etc...There's 2 variations of developed schematics and both of them are showing how to use/plug 2 different models of oled displays like the 1.3" and/or the 0,96"Note:At this point you can use/choose any oled display from : 1,3" to 0,96" the connection is the same for both,butbe careful!Because actually you can catch one of them with an different MCU.The following (2) PCB's are developed :(1) 1,2 - Dim. 25x60mm For OLED Display 0,96"(2) 1,2м - Dim. 25Xx70mm For OLED Display 1,3"Be careful at the differences over the PCB's signed as : 1,2 & 1,2м.On the PCB 1,2 you can place the 1,3" screen,in this case your final assembly will be fatty but shorter.On the PCB 1,2м you can place the 0,96" screen,however this "solution" is not that beauty,because it wouldn't be easy to read on screen like that.At assembly done,you can adopt this tester to be used in different ways : Tweezers or in Kelvin clips version.Both of these version are/was made in hardware and the Kelvin Clips version is actually way better.The Kelvin Clips ver. got better measurements on low impedance components and so on....Here you have some enlightenments/notes on schematicsHere we are gonna to analyze all the units,elements,schematics of the digital and analogue part for the following PCB marked as : 1,2мThe PCB 1,2 is pretty the same,but the positions of it's own denotation are not matching perfectly with the PCB 1,2мThis tester is powered by one small Li-Ion battery,the charging is done via the DA9 MCU,R41 is there to rule the current of charging.The type of interface connection is Micro-USB which you can use for :1)Charging;2)Re-flashing the firmware of the main MCU via an adapter like the one on the GFX 3 DSO.On the contact D+,D- the USB is connected with the following pins : SWDIO,SWCLK.This kind of realization is allowing us to re-flash the MCU without the need to open the entire enclosure of our µLCR-Tester.Q1,Q2 are giving the power to the main MCU,the primary turning-on is done when the button OK will be pressed,further MCUis going to keep the cascade ON until the moment of the turning off.DA10-DA11-LDO voltage stabilizer,DA10 is powering the analogue circuitry,the last one is chosen with good parameters to suppress any kind of incoming noise/ripple.The voltage stabilizers can go on different voltages like : "3,0V" or "3,3",the 2 LDO channel must be settled on the same voltage;however it's better to use an highest voltage possible "3,3V" since a lot of elements inside this tester will works better.At this point with the raised operative voltage,our battery will not going to suffer that much(it's irrelevant)The manipulating of this tester is made via one tiny switcher with 3 positions,it's like this : Push Left - Press Center "OK" - Push Right,the internal software understands short andlong pressing on the switcher.In strapping mode the DA6 is forming 2 channels with precise power reference source,which will be equal to 1/2 voltage of the LDO stabilizers,for example 1,5V or 1,65V.The spot-on voltage is obligatory to move the operative points of all the ADC and OPA-AMPS.This is virtually the grounding point.From the ADC port the MCU is forming the signal test with an lower amplitude which is somewhat lower of the supplied one;forward : 2 resistors R16-R15 reduce the final amplitude until 1V.R13-R14 are forming the offset of the testing signal in the half of power.C2 and C5 are playing the role of the Low-Pass-Filter for the DAC inside the main MCU.For the making of the signal 0,3V the amplitude on DAC will be lowered.DA1 is the repeater of the testing signal,he gives the signal on the measurement probes.VD1 is performing the role of the high voltage input protection,this is made to prevent some accidental blow-up by connecting this tester to some high voltage charged capacitor.According to the official data-sheet "INA826" is capable to resist until 40V of current without any kind of issues,however the protection input diodes are installed anywayto make the reliability way better.DA3-DA2 are buck converters for current-voltage,they are sourcing/feeding the measurement of the flowing current through the tested components.In a such small test equipment no one wants to put the shunts,for a lot of reasons which are pretty useless to list over here .....On this tester we got 4 independent shunts,they are switching in auto mode via the resistance of the tested component,the nominals of the shunts : 100Ом, 1К, 10К, 100К;the responsible for the automatic switching is : DA2,which is manipulated by the main MCU.DA4,DA5 - these are playing the instrumental/dedicated OPA-AMP for the channel U - the voltage (DA4) and I - current (DA5).The Amplification Factor of the both amplifiers is equal and it's settled by 2 resistors R18-R19,by default the Amplification Factor is settled on = 2.The installed LPF got the following fixed parts : R22+C23,R21+C31 with the cutting frequency a little bit more then 200kHz,all of these is calculated in a such mode,sothe testing signal will be never limited above the working frequency of 187kHz and at the same time to suppress the level of RF noise.Further signals U. I proceeds over the OPA-AMP "PGA113".The Amplification Factor of the OPA-AMP is managed by the main MCU via SPI,the following values could be settled : 1,2,5,10,20,50,100 and 200.The main MCU got some clever and simple mechanism which is allowing to raise of a little bit the precision,however the margin of error is always here,for example:on the lowest Amplification Factor we got 0,1% of error margin and 0,3% on value >/= 50.To decrease the error margin you can use additional calibration procedures.Further,the signals arrive at the switching low pass filter,for the channel U R23,C25,C28,C30,DD1,DD2.Herein we got an circuit R23,C25 - fixed low pass filter for high frequencies,on lower frequencies we got connected C28 in parallel with C25 (on 10kHz) and also C25+C28+C30 onfrequencies from 100Hz to 2kHz.Additional capacitors are connected by switches (DD1,DD2) controlled by the main MCU.The following MCU "STM32F303" has 3 ADC channels,for the channel of current and voltage are involved 2 independent ADC's,the measurements in our case are running in real timewithout any queue,the 3th channel is used to monitor the current of the power source.

author: koendv
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: November 01, 2024, 09:29:51 am
content: Thank you for this project. I have looked at the nRLC project at radiokot.One thing: what happens often is measuring the voltage over an smd component. Would it be difficult to add a simple voltmeter function? The voltage range does not have to be big; most voltages are 0V to 5V.

author: Kleinstein
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: November 01, 2024, 12:38:08 pm
content: At least the hardware version shown at the start of this thread has no DC coupled measurement. So to measure a DC voltage it would need some HW change, like a link from the initial INA for the voltage to an additional ADC input of the µC. Because of the gain in the 1st stage the voltage range would likely be limited to low values, like 500 mV. A low voltage reading function would make some sense - even just low voltages.

author: croma641
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: November 01, 2024, 01:51:43 pm
content: This the new project (uRLC evolution) ->https://github.com/oldgerman/nRLC-SplitOriginal russian nRLC and chinese modified versionsI think this is the best DIY tweezers project currently on the web.

author: Kleinstein
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: November 01, 2024, 05:35:59 pm
content: The plan has not changed much over the years. I would definitely add a path to also have the option to measure the DC voltage (would be relatively easy with likely only 1 or 2 resistors to PA7). The first amplifier has a gain near 1 and seems to be mainly used for the added protection. So up to some 2 V may work.Could still be enough to check a alkaline coin cell or the current through an isolating resistor in the supplys.

author: koendv
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: November 02, 2024, 07:36:16 am
content: There is also this Chinese open source project:https://oshwhub.com/moonyblue/dian-qiao-nie-zi.Click on the "编辑器打开" button to open the project in the editor.This is a complete project, schematic and pcb, production ready for jlcpcb assembly. STM32F071 processor, could program it in Arduino if you wish.Schematic attached.

author: Kleinstein
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: November 02, 2024, 08:38:52 am
content: The chinese version is a more cost optimised version compared to the russian one.There seem to be still a few mistakes in the attached schematics: R1 or R2 should be something like 10 K to have 2 different ranges and not 2 versions of the same. I think at U5 the inv and non inv inputs are swapped. At least the other way around would make sense and as shown I doubt it would work. There is also a chance that this part may oscillate - an added small capacitor around U5 may be a good idea, though it would somewhat limit the use with a higher frequency.So this project may still be work in progress.One could add a DC path, but with the only rudimentary protection one would have to be very careful an a powered PCB. Especially when fault finding there can be unexpected voltages.

author: croma641
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: November 03, 2024, 02:11:27 pm
content: Hi, Kleinstein, and thanks for your helpful comments.But, are You referring to the chinese (last schematic posted uRLC) or nRLC ? The nRLC is a russian uRLC fork).

author: Kleinstein
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: November 03, 2024, 03:21:14 pm
content: My last comments were about the Chinese version. It looks like an attempt to make it cheaper. Though this comes at the price of doing the voltage and current measurement one at a time and thus slower / more noisy.A nice point in the software of the russian version is that they don't measure just simple RLC, but use mixed models like capacitor with ESR and thus the display of 2 values. It can be a bit confusing in a few cases (e.g. the large resistor showning extra capacitance - should be in series in the model).