hybridfree/eevblog-posts huggingface dataset:
Dielectric grease on 100 kHz I2C tin connectors? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: SlowBro
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: October 21, 2019, 02:09:10 pm
content: I am building an outdoor device which hasone of these DS3231 I2C RTCs. It has tin connectors and will mate to a tin male pin header. Frequency is 100 kHz, voltage is 3.3V, and current is as low as 110uA.Would the connection be reliable if I useddielectric grease such as thison the connectors? I would think that even though it is a dielectric, the grease would wipe off between the connection points and so it should be safe. I read about this all the time with automotive electronics but I2C is lower wattage, and higher frequency.

author: schmitt trigger
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 21, 2019, 02:19:15 pm
content: I have seen it on board connectors which carry CANBUS signals, which are definitively faster than I2C.But on the other hand, the 120 ohm termination resistor is far stronger than the 10k typical I2C pullup.

author: MagicSmoker
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 21, 2019, 03:20:37 pm
content: Quote from: SlowBro on October 21, 2019, 02:09:10 pmWhen dielectric grease is used correctly then it should either squeeze out or be wiped away from the actual contacting surfaces. So, any sliding contact is a good place to use it, and the barrel of a crimped terminal is okay, too, but not on the flat face of a ring terminal unless you can absolutely guarantee sufficient clamping force will be developed (hint: you usually can't).

author: SlowBro
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: October 21, 2019, 03:23:46 pm
content: These are 2.54mm plastic headers, so they wipe.

author: StuartA
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: October 22, 2019, 01:39:38 am
content: I've never seen a silicone product described as a "dielectric grease" before. Silicone greases have a reputation for creeping, that is, migrating along surfaces. I've always been under the impression that silicones and electrical interfaces don't go together at all. A colleague of mine used to work for a company which banned the used of silicone furniture polish in theiradminbuilding for fears that it might somehow get transferred in to the assembly area.Talking to grease manufacturers about electrical contacts, the response which comes back most often is to use lithium-based grease.
Diff between 4 pin & 3 pin mobile battery  - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Vindhyachal.takniki
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 27, 2017, 10:32:00 am
content: 1. I have attached a pdf file in which there is 4 pin mobile battery (first 3 pages) & then 3 pin mobile battery(next 3 page).2. I have to replace 4 pin battery to 3 pin battery.3. But I dont know what are connection of 4 pin & 3 pin here?4. On various internet pages, I dont find any concesus, some says it is thermistor, some says its SDA/SCL or 2 wire interface. Ofcourse its due to each manufactuere can make in their own type.Anybody has idea of this specific battery?

author: tszaboo
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 27, 2017, 10:56:33 am
content: I recently saw a battery layout, where the other two was a thermistor and a NFC coil.
Diff between Industrial and Auto grade IC's - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Vindhyachal.takniki
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: December 12, 2021, 02:33:38 pm
content: 1. Whats the diff between two?2. Is it only temperature test? If tempearture goes from 0 to 85C, can industrial grade IC be used in Automotive applications?

author: Benta
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: December 12, 2021, 06:01:35 pm
content: Temperature range is only a small part of it (40 years ago it was the main parameter).Today it's also other quality specifications:moisture, vibration, corrosion, technology point, solderability, product lifetime... plus fulfilment of eg, AEC-Q101 certification etc.The automotive environment is one of the most challenging in all regards, and the products need to last 20+ years.

author: tszaboo
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: December 12, 2021, 06:04:46 pm
content: Quote from: Benta on December 12, 2021, 06:01:35 pmIt should last 20 years, though probably most automaker spends considerable amount of effort, so everything breaks just outside of the warranty period.

author: coppice
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: December 12, 2021, 06:07:18 pm
content: Quote from: Vindhyachal.takniki on December 12, 2021, 02:33:38 pmHave you every seen a car that never goes below 0C? They make most cars for a global market, not just the tropics.

author: CaptDon
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: December 12, 2021, 09:58:39 pm
content: If it is 'under-hood' or engine mounted it better do 120C or better!! Where do you live that never goes below 0C??

author: Ground_Loop
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: December 12, 2021, 10:15:59 pm
content: Quote from: tszaboo on December 12, 2021, 06:04:46 pmThis is really getting old. I was an engineer for General Motors and the only quality discussions we had were how to win more quality awards. And at no time was there a thought of how to make it fail at the warranty limit. It's difficult enough to design something the people want at a price they're willing to pay that is manufacturable, make it regulatory compliant, and make it last.

author: coppice
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: December 12, 2021, 10:51:36 pm
content: Quote from: Ground_Loop on December 12, 2021, 10:15:59 pmAnother way of looking at this is there are so many little boards with MCUs on them in a modern car that is takes a really great attention to quality to even get them all through the warranty period, especially when that can now be up to 10 years.
Diff between two vias in image - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Vindhyachal.takniki
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: September 10, 2016, 08:58:24 am
content: 1. Attached is the image of two different vias on two pcb's. Second pcb(green) have vias designed by me in ultiboard, it has a drill & pad diameter as metal layer around each via.2. First board(blue), has different vias. It dont have any metal/cu on top. What is this type of via?3. How to create it? Is there any different between two or one ia better than another?4. These vias are only used for current transfer from one layer to another.

author: brabus
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: September 10, 2016, 09:52:37 am
content: Hi,The vias on the left are called "tented vias", which just means the soldermask has been spreaded over them like on the rest of the board. I usually prefer to leave vias untented (like in the picture on the right), so I can use them as test points during debugging.Tenting is recommendable if you want to protect the board from accidental contact (e.g. conductive debris) or you have mechanical constraints (e.g. mounting holes, brackets, etc.) in that area.

author: Ice-Tea
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: September 10, 2016, 10:50:59 am
content: In addition, it forms a barrier against sucking up solder, which helps if you want to get your via as close as possible to a pad.

author: Jeroen3
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: September 12, 2016, 02:31:23 pm
content: I often tent all non-gnd via's around testpoints for scoping.Tenting has a size limit though.
Difference amplifier. Simulation, reality and math... mismatches. - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: uliano
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: May 14, 2023, 09:37:22 am
content: I expected the circuit shown in picture to gain 10 (and it does) to have an output centered at VCC/2 = 2.5V and it does only in reality while the simulation gives a 0 centered output, why???Also I expected to have an fc = ((R1+R3) * 2pi * C1) = 1/(6.28*2000*47^-9) = 1693 Hz while both simulation and reality give results between 5500 and 5850 Hz. fc is -3dB or half the voltage, right?

author: RoGeorge
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 14, 2023, 11:02:28 am
content: - First, you'll need to correct the schematic for the Vref opamp. I think you meant R5 has to be connected to VCC, not to Vref as it is in the drawing.- Second, R8 (20k) together with R4+R3 (2k together) will make a DC voltage divider that will make the Out to be centered around Vref/11.- Third, please also attach the .asc file, so others can download and simulate the same schematic as yours.

author: uliano
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: May 14, 2023, 11:47:40 am
content: Yes, sure, stupid mistake, and that accounts for the difference between simulation and reality. Now I just want to understand how to compute fc.I considered that the source injects a current that can only go through R1, C1 and then R3 as opamp inputs don't draw current.here is the.asc

author: wasedadoc
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 14, 2023, 01:10:11 pm
content: Quote from: uliano on May 14, 2023, 11:47:40 amThat -ve input of the opamp is a virtual ground. Signal currentdoesflow through R2.

author: uliano
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: May 14, 2023, 01:51:18 pm
content: So how should I calculate fc with paper and pencil?

author: MathWizard
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 16, 2023, 07:11:35 am
content: I'm not saying you're mixing this up, but sometimes I've seen the -3dB point at closer to 0.708, so like 10^(-3/20), I guess that's from the power relation when talking about deciBel's. Other times it is just 0.501=10^(-3/10), when just taking the log of some ratio. There's some more fine print I have to read on all that, especially sometimes when comparing my calc's to LTSPICE or a book.

author: Terry Bites
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 16, 2023, 08:42:52 am
content: fp=1/(2pi*(R1+R2)*C1) but it will be attenuated by more than -3dB a pointed outuse 10xR1 for R2You may find the attached helpful
Difference between 1206 and 0603 cap? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: bronson
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: February 15, 2014, 10:36:04 pm
content: Yeah, size, duh. But, anything else? I ask because of the attached schematic... Why do they use 0603 caps for power supply decoupling but 1206s in the signal path? Why not just use 0603s everywhere?Hoping someone knows offhand.This is from a Microchip application note, btw:http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/AppNotes/01426A.pdfRelated, if anyone has an opinion on the MCP3911 ADC, I'm interested. This device has preposterously good numbers for its price.

author: Rerouter
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 15, 2014, 10:40:25 pm
content: Less voltage de-rating if you look at the datasheets for just about any ceramic capacitance your pushing your luck past 40% voltage rating on a 0603, but on a 1206 you can generally get up around 70-80% of voltage rating before the capacitance begins to sag dramatically,

author: mariush
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 15, 2014, 10:59:09 pm
content: 1206 could handle more current, depending on resistor, could have lower temperature coefficient (better for current sense), but could also be susceptible to microphonics ( vibrations, board flexing, noise can affect value)... there's an increase risk of tombstoning when reflowing 1206 resistors.., the voltage derating issue mentioned above...

author: Psi
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 15, 2014, 11:23:36 pm
content: There's also creepage distance, because 0603 requires tracks closer together, compared to 1206, there's a limit on the voltage regardless of the components actual rated voltage.One of my projects recently used a reluctance sensor IC which required 1206 resistors on the inputs purely because the voltage produced by the sensor could theoretically get up to a few hundred volts.

author: bronson
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: February 15, 2014, 11:42:58 pm
content: Fudge, I forgot to attch the schematic. Here it is.Creepage makes a lot of sense. Since the signal comes from off-board, it would follow that it requires different components.But I think I'd rather have that ESD flash over my cap's footprint and into GNDA instead of blasting its way into the ADC's input... Oh, and the signal path is using 0603 resistors, just the caps are bigger.Tempco, maybe... Guess it's time to start downloading smd cap datasheets! That makes for a fun afternoon.

author: bronson
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: March 03, 2014, 05:58:58 am
content: After studying the circuit some more, it seems they only need a 6V rating for the rails, but want a 20V rating for the analog inputs. And that needs a bigger package.Nice guess Rerouter. Seems obvious in retrospect!
Difference between 18cv8pc-25 and peel18cv8p-25 and tricks to introduce delay - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: fabiodl
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: March 29, 2020, 02:41:16 pm
content: Hello, in attempt to repair a broken Mega CD I reverse engineered a working 18cv8(whole storyhttps://www.obscuregamers.com/threads/sega-cd-has-no-bad-memory-but-still-shows-corrupted-graphics.1136/).I am trying to clone the AMI 18cv8pc-25 of the mega cd with an ICT peel18cv8p-25, but the latter appears to be faster (about 20ns!)what is the "c" difference between them?For instance one of the eight equations is a very simple output = input (but delayed,and the delayed stuff is fed back).I tried changing the polarity of the output buffer (to have two negations) but the delay did not change. What else could I do to delay the signals?
Difference between a resistor and voltage divider in these two examples - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Youkai
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: May 10, 2020, 05:31:01 am
content: I was watching some Youtube videos about DFPlayer Mini modules with Arduino and came across these two examples. The data pin of that module needs less than 5v to operate properly. One uses a resistor to accomplish this and the other uses a voltage divider. Links are timestamped to the appropriate point in the video.Resistor example:https://youtu.be/UodfePdNfg8?t=105Voltage divider example:https://youtu.be/P42ICrgAtS4?t=41What if any is the difference in these two approaches? Is one better than the other?

author: ataradov
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 10, 2020, 06:19:00 am
content: Series resistor limits the current that protection diodes inside the module will have to handle.The divider is just that - a divider.The divider is generally better. A proper level shifter is even better.

author: gbaddeley
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: May 10, 2020, 10:42:48 am
content: If the load current varies, a divider will provide better regulation. If the load current is constant (within a few %), the series resistor is just as good as a divider, and has fewer parts, with less heat dissipation.

author: Youkai
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: May 11, 2020, 05:03:19 am
content: Is it safe to assume that the current supplied by an Arduino (or clone) pin is constant and the series resistor is fine here?

author: ataradov
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 11, 2020, 05:07:29 am
content: It is not about supplied current. It is about consumed current.And the calculation for the series resistor value is defined by the current handling capability of the protection diodes.Generally go with the divider, it is much safer way to operate those devices.
Difference between a sensor's offset and the function generator's offset. - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Nexo
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: October 06, 2016, 04:20:24 pm
content: Hello everyone!I've been wondering what's the difference between a sensor's offset and the function generator's offset because the definition of the first one in Wikipedia is:"If the output signal is not zero when the measured property is zero, the sensor has an offset or bias. This is defined as the output of the sensor at zero input."But what I've read when learning how to use a Function generator is that offset is the voltage that you add to a signal.Then I found this page:http://www.ni.com/white-paper/14860/en/Read the offset part, please.So, could you please help me to sink in this?Thanks in advance!

author: rstofer
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 06, 2016, 06:23:05 pm
content: Offset on sensors just happens. Temperature, design, whatever; sensors often have some kind of offset. Eventually, it gets removed; usually during conversion and often in software.Signal generators, OTOH, probably don't have offset unless it is deliberately added. In some cases, offset comes in handy. Consider sending a DC coupled sine wave to a single power rail op amp. One way or the other, the midpoint of the signal needs to be shifted up to midway between Vcc and Gnd of the op amp. So, a little DC offset is added to the sine wave.Good old algebra: 'y = mx + b' still rules!
Difference between accuracy and precision! - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: ElectricGuy
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: April 14, 2015, 04:36:37 pm
content: https://youtu.be/hRAFPdDppzs

author: max666
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 14, 2015, 06:34:47 pm
content: SauceAnd just to add my 2 cents to the TED video; not seldom all you need are relative measurements, where accuracy is not important but precision is.

author: TimFox
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 14, 2015, 09:38:23 pm
content: That graph shows clearly the difference between accuracy and precision.Another quantity often confused with them is resolution, which could be indicated by replacing the continuous bell curve with points that lie on it to indicate the least increment that can be resolved.
Difference between an Zynq from and PSOC - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: rakeshm55
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: February 19, 2014, 10:26:32 am
content: Hi,What is the difference b/w programmable system on Chip (PSoC from cypress) and an FPGA (with arm core) like Zynq Xilinx?? Is it just the capacity that matters....What are the type off applications to which each technology suits??.....Thanks in Advance

author: DutchGert
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 19, 2014, 11:08:08 am
content: A PSoC is basically just a Microcontroller with configurable pins.A Zync is an FPGA with a dual-core ARM CPU in it.A PSoC u could use for lets say a capacitive touch user interface, registering button presses, backlight control, beeping a buzzer, that sort of stuff.A Zync is used for example to decode HDMI, do video stuff with the FPGA part (paralel processing) and video overlay with one of the ARM core while the other does USB/Ethernet communication or something like that.Very different stuff.If I would design a product I would use the PSoC to control LEDs and the user interface stuff and the Zync to do the 'real' processing.

author: PedroDaGr8
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 19, 2014, 03:20:35 pm
content: Quote from: DutchGert on February 19, 2014, 11:08:08 amThe PSoC is a uC with some logic and analog blocks attached. The analog blocks are interesting, the logic blocks allow you easily do some cpld like stuff. It's a very easy way to accomplish many tasks that might otherwise need external circuits.Zynq is a whole different level. It's pretty much an FPGA-ARM hybridoma. You have a full FPGA and a full ARM chip at your disposal. All benefits and difficulties included.Sent from my EVO using Tapatalk

author: DutchGert
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 19, 2014, 03:28:48 pm
content: ^
Difference between BTA312-600B and BTA212-600B? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: ElektroQuark
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: August 30, 2016, 12:30:22 pm
content: If anyone can help me finding the main difference between them...

author: danadak
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 30, 2016, 01:04:19 pm
content: Comparing datasheets side by side looks like minor differences betweendynamic characteristics.Regards, Dana.

author: ElektroQuark
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: August 31, 2016, 06:33:20 am
content: Thank you Dana.I didn't see any big difference so I asked.
Difference between D.C. motor and D.C. generator - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: IO390
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: February 02, 2014, 02:26:31 pm
content: I know that a D.C. motor and generator both work on the same principle, and that if you turn the shaft any D.C. motor, it becomes a generator.I am wondering if there are any notable differences in the physical design and construction of a motor and generator?Thanks in advance.

author: SeanB
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 02, 2014, 02:59:51 pm
content: Generally the differences are brush angles, as they have to be different to get the best out of each application. Most older jet engines use a generator as a starter motor, having a simple controller that changes the excitation current and the windings to a control loop when the engine speed is high enough. They can charge the battery at the same current as they use to start, which can be truly impressive. from flat and barely capable to finish the start cycle to full charge in under 2 minutes. Can be very bad for a battery unit that has gone marginal in any way. They can rival lithium batteries in explosive venting, and are bad in that they have a negative temperature coefficient when charging. Rated start current draw on some is over 8kA.
Difference between DC/DC converter and voltage regualtors for use in PCBs - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: mike buba
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: October 08, 2019, 07:51:19 am
content: Hi,what is the main difference and advantages/disadvantages of DC/DC converters and voltage regulators when used in PCB design?I need to reduce voltage level from 15Vdc to 12Vdc, 2A and there are two options I am considering:Traco Power DC/DC converters, e.g. THL 25-1212, orTexas Instruments Voltage Regulators, e.g. LM1085-12Not looking into capacitor or resistor voltage dividers.Apart from price, which is one order of magnitude higher for DC/DC converter, are there any other reasons to choose one over the other and vice-versa?Kind regards

author: T3sl4co1l
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 08, 2019, 08:45:39 am
content: Well yeah, impedance dividers are out at DC.Resistor divider will work as well as a linear regulator if your load is a constant 12V 2A, but if it varies, definitely big nah.(Unless you argue that an SMPS is an impedance divider, in which case, sure!)Traco is a pricey brand, are you sure you haven't found anything else?The biggest thing to watch out for in buck converters, is the dropout voltage. Some can go to 100% duty cycle, some cannot. Check the datasheet.The SMPS has higher efficiency, whereas the linear reg drops (15) - (12) = 3V and dissipates up to (3V) * (2A) = 6W. With a 24W load, evidently an SMPS below 83% is worse than useless; but a proper one should be well over 90%, which saves on power consumption, heat dissipation, size and overall cost (don't forget the cost of the heatsink, hardware, and labor in assembling them all together).Tim

author: Kirill V.
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: October 08, 2019, 09:39:10 am
content: The most important difference DC/DC converter and linear regulator is the ability to provide galvanic isolation at converter using.There are converters without galvanic isolation and they are cheaper than TRACO. If you need to simple lower the voltage by a few volts without having to isolation you can look at them

author: MosherIV
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 08, 2019, 06:41:19 pm
content: DC/DC converters are efficient, typically 80 to 90%.However, they can be noisey. They work by converting DC to some kind of pulse hence the noise.Voltage regulators burn off the excess voltage into heat.They are very low noise.
Difference between Enhancement and Depletion MOSFET's - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: aaron
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: March 07, 2013, 06:02:34 am
content: Hey guys, I'm probably wrong, or missing part of it, but are Enhancement MOSFET's basically just an inverted Depletion type?I was thinking about building a 12VDC In power supply, and wanted to add a single click button to toggle it on, and toggle it (with a delay) off again.I was thinking I could use a few MOSFET's, of both types, and a cap to accomplish this. It's kinda a thing I literally thought together 5 minutes ago after thinking about it, and haven't done much research, but wanted to know peoples opinions. There's probably a million ways to do it and I want to do I reasonable job.I haven't been very active here on the forum but I've been building stuff and experimenting since I registered, moving from vregs, op-amps and various other stuff, it's been awesome. But I just randomly decided I would love to build something like this so yeah.Thoughts, guys?And info greatly appreciatedThanks!Aaron

author: amyk
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 07, 2013, 07:48:37 am
content: The majority of MOSFETs produced are enhancement mode. This is where, without external bias on the gate, there is no channel between source and drain, i.e. it's like a "normally open" switch. The gate can be used to create/"enhance" that channel to allow current to flow.Depletion mode is the opposite; they're doped such that a channel exists without any gate bias, and the gate can be used to deplete that channel to stop current from flowing.If possible your design should use enhancement mode, depletion mode is much rarer and more expensive.

author: mzzj
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 07, 2013, 07:59:14 am
content: Speaking of rarityhttp://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/IXTT20N50D/IXTT20N50D-ND/1652616Would be a total brain-twister in a SMPS for example

author: aaron
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: March 07, 2013, 08:44:53 am
content: Haha wow, I didn't think they were that rare. I thought you could get two readily available MOSFET's, one being where by default, it's open circuit basically, and the other type being closed. But if not, I could still invert it I suppose to get the results I'm after.I'm gonna have a play around, maybe post a schematic of some sort. Allways goodAny more info ofcourse is appreciated, thanks guys

author: amyk
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 07, 2013, 09:34:29 am
content: One way to keep an electronics beginner busy is to tell him to go find a P-channel depletion mode MOSFET.

author: hlavac
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: March 07, 2013, 12:22:01 pm
content: Yeah, like the left handed screwdriver
Difference between Intel P8039HL and P8039AHL - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: giosif
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: November 26, 2017, 08:18:13 pm
content: Hi,I am trying to understand if there is any difference between the two Intel microcontrollers in the subject line, but can't seem to find any reference on the topic.Also, the datasheet I found (if the right one), doesn't even mention an 8039HL model/marking.Anyone has any suggestions, please?Thanks!

author: Janus
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: November 26, 2017, 08:33:24 pm
content: Appears to be the same for that particular chip:http://www.cpu-world.com/info/id/Intel-identification.html#MCS_48

author: giosif
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: November 27, 2017, 12:12:54 am
content: Thank you, Sir!I wasn't aware of this site.Nice information!
Difference between low voltage LCR meter and old HV cap testers ? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: lordvader88
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: August 24, 2018, 12:57:01 am
content: I have a low end Mastech MS5308 LCR meter, and it does a bunch of stuff.Can it test what the old vacuum tube cap testers do with high voltages for caps in VT stuff ?
Difference between MSO & LA with scope - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: JoeBean
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: March 08, 2011, 03:44:00 pm
content: Hi,Probably a simple and/or dumb question, but what, if anything, is the difference between a mixed signal oscilloscope and a logic analyzer with a built in oscilloscope? I missed out on a fairly new Agilent MSO for a good price a little while ago, and since then I've seen some Agilent 16xx series LA come up on ebay for cheap and I was just wondering why 2 seemingly similar creatures would have different names.

author: mikeselectricstuff
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 08, 2011, 06:12:24 pm
content: Mostly marketing. The old 16xx HP's were basicallys LA's with scope add-on options, so the user-interface is likely to be more LA-like than a scope - a lot of the old HP scopes had poor user interfaces generally. The MSO name appeared when HP launched the 54645D which was a scope with digital channels and wanted a buzzword to distinguish it.

author: Unknown
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: March 08, 2011, 08:42:10 pm
content: I would also suspect that the function that is mentioned second is slimmed down.An MSO will be a better scope thanaits logic analyser in the same way there is more pasta in 'pasta with sauce'. lol

author: JoeBean
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: March 08, 2011, 11:08:56 pm
content: OK, that history helps make sense of it. Thanks.Quote from: Alex on March 08, 2011, 08:42:10 pmIsn't that always how it is? Just like Mixed Nuts With [insert expensive nuts] are always 99% peanuts with 2 of the other nuts broke up and hiding in the bottom.Anyway, didn't mean to get off topic...
Difference between Oscilloscope Hitachi V-1050 and V-1050F - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: stojke
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: March 08, 2023, 01:51:12 pm
content: Hi, online I see videos and documents about Hitachi V-1050F but I can not find the differences between it and V-1050 (Without F).Does anybody know the exact differences?

author: mraoofi
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: March 08, 2023, 04:29:26 pm
content: You are right, there is not much info. I was ONLY able to find this...."I do have a operator manual and a service manual for the v-1050 version. The v-1050f seems to have a few minor differences.One difference is the board at the base of the crt of the v-1050f is different than the v-1050."Here is the link for the above quote:https://www.edaboard.com/threads/hitachi-v-1050f-oscilloscope-crt-arcing-at-anode-and-intensity-is-bright.329186/Here is a link for V-1050 operating manual, no mention of Model F (Note: even though title says V-1050F):https://usermanual.wiki/Document/HV1050.901980219/viewHere is Service manual for V-1050https://www.eserviceinfo.com/downloadsm/76062/Hitachi_Hitachi%20V1050%20Oscilloscope%20Service%20Manual-Hitachi%20V1050%20Service%20Manual.htmlLooks like Model V-1050 was introduced before V-1050F, therefore V-1050 manuals do not mention "F" model. If you can find V-1050F manuals, your 'might' get to the know all the differences either mentioned in the F model manual or by manual comparison of manuals since I have provided you the links for V-1050 model.Good Luck.try ChatGPT :-)

author: stojke
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: March 08, 2023, 05:55:23 pm
content: Thank you for the plentiful information, much appreciated. If I may ask, can V-1050 display CD eye pattern and circle pattern with dual channel measurements? I saw a youtube video that V-1050F can, this is the reason why I ask, I would like to purchase one that is available as the Siemens (Gould 4094) one I have can not do these as it is a digital oscilloscope.

author: donlisms
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: March 09, 2023, 04:22:04 am
content: I'm making some assumptions, but if you want to see audio-frequency patterns in X-Y mode, any analog oscilloscope (with X-Y mode) can do that. It is not a demanding task in the analog world. Digital scopes have trouble because they are not real-time, and never fast in the display. Analog scopes are all real-time by definition, with bandwidths in MHz, and you only need KHz (I think).
Difference between PIC18F2420 and PIC18LF2420 - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: belzrebuth
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: November 02, 2021, 03:30:33 pm
content: Hi all,I've read the hex file from a PIC18LF2420 and wrote it to a PIC18F2420 but the latter does not work as expected.When I put the original PIC18LF in its place the circuit works fine.What would be the so critical difference between these two?I read that the LF has an eeprom type rom vs a flash on the F.Can one work in place of the other or they're incompatible?Thanks.

author: oPossum
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: November 02, 2021, 03:40:58 pm
content: LF can operate at lower voltages then F. See page 26.1 of the data sheet.Did you read the config memory (fuses)?

author: belzrebuth
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: November 02, 2021, 03:42:54 pm
content: I think the board is 5V throughout so no problem with that I guess.I didn't read any config though..Just read the pic with my pickit3 saved the .hex and wrote that to the other pic.

author: oPossum
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: November 02, 2021, 03:47:00 pm
content: That could be the problem. The config memory sets the oscillator type, watchdog, brownout and other stuff. See 23.0 of the data sheet.Reading the data memory (EEPROM) too would be a good idea.

author: belzrebuth
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: November 02, 2021, 06:29:20 pm
content: Not sure if I'm doing something wrong here but it seems that I'm actually reading:a) program memoryb) configuration memoryc) EEdata memoryWhen writing the .hex I can see those three being programmed to the target PIC.If my original PIC was locked would I be able to read the .hex file?I don't know if it's locked or not but the target PIC does not seem to work if I write the original's PIC .hex into it.

author: oPossum
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: November 02, 2021, 09:25:27 pm
content: A commercial product will typically be code protected (locked). A PIC can be read if it is code protected, but the read will typically be all 0xFF or garbage.Check the configs bits to determine if it is code protected. The config bits themselves are not protected.

author: belzrebuth
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: November 02, 2021, 11:01:13 pm
content: It's indeed code protected as seen in the configuration values.All I can see in the program data tab is zeroes.So I don't think I can clone it to another chip after all..
Difference between power transformers and flybacks? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: owin
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: August 02, 2023, 12:55:09 pm
content: I'm confused, what is the physical difference between a power transformer and a flyback transformer?Power transformers generally have stacked primary and secondary windings on a iron or ferrite core. Flybacks generally have the windings on opposing sides of a square ferrite core or are wound coaxially.But I don't understand why their fundamental operation isn't the same? or are they the same.

author: Grandchuck
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 02, 2023, 01:17:30 pm
content: Fundamentally, they are the same. In practice, due to differences in frequency, they use different core materials.

author: freda
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: August 02, 2023, 01:56:43 pm
content: The main difference about a flyback, is that it doesn't transfer energy to the secondary continuously. A pulse current charges the magneticfield in the core, then when it stops and collapses (and resets the core), only then does the secondary coil move current into the load.Thus the core needs to build to a significant magnetic field. This very high current pulse in the primary is bad for power factor, whendrawn from a AC supply. Of course this must be done at a high speed,not at 50/60Hz of an old iron transformer

author: magic
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 02, 2023, 02:14:56 pm
content: Quote from: Grandchuck on August 02, 2023, 01:17:30 pmNot only materials, but also their size is much smaller because high frequency operation (tens of kHz usually) allows flybacks to have lower primary inductance. Connecting a flyback directly to mains would result in huge magnetizing current and immediate destruction of the primary, because of the low inductance.And they are operated differently too. In an ordinary transformer, the magnetizing current is at best tolerated as an annoying but unavoidable side effect of transformer operation. With flyback, the whole energy transfer occurs by means of repeated magnetization and demagnetization of the core. This two-step operation is how flyback converters can produce almost arbitrary output voltage from arbitrary input voltage, with no regard for turns ratio of the transformer (which still works the usual way).
difference between radiation tolerant and radiation hardened - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: joniengr081
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: March 13, 2024, 02:13:20 pm
content: What is the difference between radiation tolerant and radiation hardened ? When we say an IC is radiation hardened, does not it means that it is also called radiation tolerant device ?

author: AnalogTodd
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: March 13, 2024, 04:42:23 pm
content: Quote from: joniengr081 on March 13, 2024, 02:13:20 pmThe difference is in testing and guarantees from the company providing the product. Radiation hardened (RH) is usually specified to higher total dose amounts of ionizing radiation (total ionizing dose or TID) and is often tested for single event effects (SEE) with reports detailing results of performance. Radiation tolerant (RT) is often characterized to lower total dose levels and does not always have the SEE testing done. The major differences are where the products typically get used--RT parts are usually just for low earth orbit (LEO) where they won't see as much radiation long-term and have much fewer single events that tend to be lower energy (lower linear energy transfer or LET). When going further out into space, RH products can protect against system upsets from single events and perform to higher TID levels.
Difference between RF detector and power sensor - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: pigrew
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 16, 2017, 07:59:07 pm
content: What's the difference between a RF diode detector and a power sensor?Is it mostly just that power sensors are well calibrated, temperature compensated, and have log amplifiers?Thanks,Nathan

author: PA0PBZ
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 16, 2017, 08:13:09 pm
content: I think you answered your own question: An RF detector can indicate the presence of RF, and will give you a more/less indication. A power sensor will do the same but will have a calibrated output in dBm/mV/whatever.

author: K5HJ
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: April 19, 2017, 02:35:22 am
content: Typically, the diode detector measures voltage which can be used to calculate power.The power sensor measures thermal energy and gives a true representation of power.Randy

author: rfeecs
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: April 19, 2017, 04:54:37 pm
content: Quote from: K5HJ on April 19, 2017, 02:35:22 amSince most power sensors have a 50 ohm input impedance, if you measure the voltage then you know the power.Many power sensors are in fact diode detectors. When operated in the square-law region, the detector's output voltage is proportional to the power.If you look at Keysight's power sensors, they have two types: most are diode detectors; the other is thermistor or thermocouple based. The thermistor power sensors use a thermistor to measure power by measuring the temperature rise with a thermistor. Similarly with thermocouple sensors.Lately, with cell phones and LTE, there is a lot of interest in measuring signals with multiple carriers that have a high peak to average power ratio. So you get two different types of power measurement: peak power and average power. Thermistor sensors only measure average power. Again if you look at Keysight's sensors, they have some that can measure both peak and average power. This requires diode sensors.Here's Keysight's power meters and sensors for reference:http://www.keysight.com/en/pc-1000000475%3Aepsg%3Apgr/power-meters-power-sensors?cc=US&lc=eng
Difference between SE input and Diff tied to GND? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Bootalito
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: December 17, 2018, 07:21:40 pm
content: I'm using 2 of the four 4 channels of an ADS1115 in SE mode, fed from a diff amp and an invert amp(Zero drift AD8630). Would I get better noise reduction if I used Diff, and tie the other channel to GND? In other words, If a design is truly using SE as I am as its just the output from an opamp, would one still get better results by using differential, and tying the other pin to ground? I'm thinking it would only matter if I wasn't using an ADS1115 breakout and the IC laid out on the PCB properly with analog on one side and digital on the other, then the GND pin is on the digital side so would be a little noiser.In the final design when I actually put the ADS1115 on the board and separate analog and digital, should I read differential and tie the other inputs to GND?ref:https://easyeda.com/terryjmyers/ElectronicLoad_copy-5b28df61728c46b5a8679c53269411ff

author: David Hess
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: December 17, 2018, 07:55:42 pm
content: You would get better results using differential mode with the other input tied to the signal ground at the source. So for instance with a non-inverting amplifier as the source, the differential input would be tied to the output and bottom of the feedback network. With an inverting source, the output and non-inverting input which is grounded would be used.

author: Bootalito
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: December 17, 2018, 08:19:33 pm
content: Quote from: David Hess on December 17, 2018, 07:55:42 pmThanks, but I'm a bit confused. The inverting amp in my schematic is the one measuring current over R34, going into AIN3, and its non-inverting input is tied to ground (R34, pin 3 is connected to R34 pin 1, which is ground.) The diff amp is the one measuring voltage, going into AIN0 and is amplifying the difference between Vin+ and Vin- (which technically has a voltage negative with respect to system ground.
Difference between the ICs LM3915 and LM3916? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: loetmann
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: March 26, 2015, 12:02:10 pm
content: Hello,I've got a question related to the ICs LM3915 and LM3916. These ICs are used for driving Dot/Bar Displays.Inside are amoong others 10 resistors connected in series, which divide the reference voltage into 10 smaller voltages.When I calculate the ratiosof these resistors in the LM3915 it is mostly about 1.41. But with the LM3916 this ratio varies from 0.6 to 1.26.Can someone explain to me, why the ratios in the LM391 are selecte this way?

author: Alex Eisenhut
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 26, 2015, 12:03:54 pm
content: IIRC they are selected for logarithmic response, ie for music.

author: Kjelt
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 26, 2015, 12:24:18 pm
content: What I remember:LM3914 linearLM3915 logaritmicLM3916 floating driver for fluorescent displays.But download the datasheets and compare, should be in there.

author: dannyf
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 26, 2015, 12:27:29 pm
content: QuoteLM3916 - LM3915 = 1.Very scientific.

author: Ian.M
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 21, 2021, 10:08:14 am
content: TLDR: The LM391x are all the same chip except for the resistors in the reference divider chain. LM3914 has a linear divider chain, LM3915 had a 3dB/step logarithmic divider chain, and LM3916 had a logarithmic divider chain optimized for VU meters.As all except LM3914 are discontinued, if you *MUST* use a LM391x dot/bar chip, and need a logarithmic response, and cant find an affordable and trustworthy N.O.S. supplier for LM3915 or '3916, you'll need to put a logarithmic converter (e.g. an OPAMP with a diode in its feedback loop) in front of a LM3914.

author: drussell
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 21, 2021, 10:59:25 am
content: Quote from: Kjelt on March 26, 2015, 12:24:18 pmthe '14 is linear and the '15 is logarithmic, yes, but the LM3916 is theVU meterversion.It has steps optimized in dB increments that are appropriate for an audio VU meter, -20, -10, -7, -5, -3, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3 dB.

author: Kartika
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: March 25, 2021, 08:18:47 pm
content: Corporation

author: Kartika
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: March 25, 2021, 08:31:20 pm
content: Quote from: Ian.M on March 21, 2021, 10:08:14 am

author: Ian.M
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 25, 2021, 09:08:44 pm
content: @Kartika: So who are you going to get your LM3915 from, and what are you going to do if it turns out to actually be a remarked LM3914?

author: Jwillis
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 26, 2021, 07:57:17 am
content: LM3914 replaced by LM3914VX/NOPB 20PLCC . The NTE 1508 is also discontinued .lm3915 has NTE equivalent NTE1509Could not find an equivalent for LM3916
Difference between these 2 seemingly identical NICHICON L8 470uf/16V caps - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / beginners

author: Discotech
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: May 31, 2018, 03:31:35 pm
content: http://uk.farnell.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/CompareProductsDisplay?catalogId=15001&langId=44&storeId=10151&catentryId=65161897,65199932&pageType=PLPI'm trying to figure out what is the difference in these caps, the only difference that I can find is one is 8mm 79R3102 and the other is 8mm 79R3101 however I have no clue what that difference actually meansMouser has the same cap listed 4 times (difference here is bulk vs cut reel but can still order 1 from both ?)Just want to make sure I'm ordering the correct onesThanks

author: Kjelt
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 31, 2018, 04:04:22 pm
content: Quote from: blueskull on May 31, 2018, 03:55:44 pmC'mon he is posting in the beginners section a bit more politeness would suit you.

author: Discotech
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: May 31, 2018, 04:40:30 pm
content: Quote from: blueskull on May 31, 2018, 03:55:44 pmThanks much easier to spot it in the manual when somebody mentions it