hybridfree/eevblog-posts huggingface dataset:
Terminal block connectors - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: Rachie5272
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: June 07, 2015, 07:21:54 am
content: I have some stepper motor drivers which use this style connector for the motor wires. It works, but having screw terminals for the wires seems so messy and prone to shorts. Are there any alternatives for this type of connector? Something with a protective hood would be ideal.Also, another piece of equipment has a bare PBC edge style connector. Is there a nice way of connecting cables to this, aside from blobs of electrical tape?

author: 128er
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: June 07, 2015, 11:25:38 am
content: You can take a look here:https://www.phoenixcontact.com/online/portal/us?1dmy&urile=wcm%3apath%3a/usen/web/main/products/list_pages/PCB_connectors_P-11-02-11/dc587a67-b540-4666-a204-ee32b6f71398There are push-in spring terminals available. But the risk of shorts with this screw terminals seems very unlikely to me. excecpt you have a big mess of loose wires hanging around.With respect to the pcb edge connection. There are also connectors for this task. Look at the big distributors.http://uk.farnell.com/card-edge-backplane-connectors

author: RobertHolcombe
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: June 07, 2015, 11:35:36 am
content: I've begun terminating wires with bootlace ferrules rather than bare stranded wire when using terminal blocks, works a treat

author: T3sl4co1l
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: June 07, 2015, 06:05:34 pm
content: FYI, ferrules (or something to gather the strands, like tinning the wire, or using solid core wire) is SOP for professional (CE marked) equipment.Tim

author: Ian.M
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: June 07, 2015, 06:11:10 pm
content: A tinned wire end is *NOT* reliable in a screw terminal block. The solder cold flows relieving the clamping pressure. Either use a sprung terninal or only tin the very tip of the wire so the screw clamps on untinned wire.It would be worth researching which connector series has been used. Maybe there is a compatible connector with crimp terminals.

author: T3sl4co1l
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: June 07, 2015, 08:07:48 pm
content: Quote from: Ian.M on June 07, 2015, 06:11:10 pmI know, that's what surprised me about the statement. But apparently it's in there.Tim

author: 128er
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: June 07, 2015, 08:54:04 pm
content: Quote from: T3sl4co1l on June 07, 2015, 08:07:48 pmYes, that's never good practice and never heard of that. This type of terminals shown in the picture have a dead end/blind hole (sry, for lack of right terminology). And you will always end up with the tinned end of the wire clamped in the terminal.As T3sl4co1l mentioned, ferrules are the right tool for the job. And as I said in my first post. Never had any problems with those bare screw type terminals. I have to deal with them almost every day in my job. If you want protection against wrong contact, you can use those push-in terminals. They provide almost fully protection against accidental contact, if the wires are connected properly
Terminal blocks - why different ratings according to different approval bodies? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: HwAoRrDk
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: July 01, 2023, 08:43:55 am
content: I'm looking at some 3.5mm screw terminal blocks, and the voltage and current ratings are puzzling me. They vary according to the approval body.According to whatever UL standard, they are rated for 7A at 300V. But according to IEC/VDE standards, they are rated for 10A at 160/250/400V dependent on category and contamination class.Why? I assume different testing methodologies? Perhaps UL rate at a different allowable temperature rise than IEC? Or is it an AC vs. DC thing? But I don't see how that's relevant for something that isn't a switching contact.I need a current capacity of 7.5A (what the circuit will be fused at), so according to the UL rating, these don't qualify, but according to the IEC rating they do.

author: HwAoRrDk
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: July 01, 2023, 09:50:32 am
content: I found this application note from Würth Elektronik:https://www.we-online.com/components/media/o161347v410%20ANE006c%20EN.pdfThey say that for UL certification testing against UL1059, they use a maximum temperature delta of 30°C. Although, their wording is "Würth Elektronikchoseto have a ∆t maximum of 30 K" (emphasis mine), which implies that perhaps the temperature rise is not fixed by the standard, but up to the tester. But then what would be the point of a standard with a variable criteria?It also seems the IEC standard is EN 60947, but I can't find out what that comprises.Edit:Hah, I should have read that application note further - it says the IEC/VDE standard rates at temperature rise of 45°C. So that probably explains why that current rating is higher.
Terminal strip (chocolate block) where screws don't bear directly on wires - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: perdrix
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: May 11, 2021, 04:21:47 pm
content: I'm looking for some terminal strips where the screws bear onto a pad or something like that so they don't chew through soft wires (like tinned stranded wires).I'm sure there's a special name for them but not knowing what that is, I've failed to find any so far.Can anyone provide some pointers...ThanksDavid

author: Conrad Hoffman
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 11, 2021, 04:26:38 pm
content: Do a Google image search on "terminal blocks". Almost any of the green ones from people like TE Connectivity have the screw push on a sheet metal pad.

author: Benta
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 11, 2021, 04:56:12 pm
content: The other way is to use ferrules on the wires.

author: ajb
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 11, 2021, 07:29:23 pm
content: "Rising cage" or "rising clamp" is a common term for one type of terminal block that has this feature. "Wire protector" is another type. I'm not sure what you mean by "chocolate block" terminal strip--it would probably be best if you showed a picture or part number so we know what you have in mind--but I've never seen either type of wire protection on either of the two items I imagine you might mean.If you can't find the type of terminal strip you want with those features then you should probably use wire ferrules. If you are willing to switch to a different type of terminal solution, there are a ton of options in DIN-mount terminal blocks you might look at.

author: Zero999
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 11, 2021, 08:21:03 pm
content: Quote from: perdrix on May 11, 2021, 04:21:47 pmNever tin wires, before putting them into a terminal block. It makes them more brittle and provides lubrication, making it easier for them to come out, once the solder has crept.Bootlace ferrules can be used to keep the wires from fraying.To stop the wires being damaged, don't overtighten. Gently tighten the screw, until the wire becomes held in place.

author: perdrix
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: May 12, 2021, 01:02:27 am
content: This stuffhttps://www.amazon.co.uk/Connector-Strip-Terminal-Barrier-Electrical/dp/B07T8NHK5Qis what I mean by chocolate block. It's probably a UK only slang term.

author: Zero999
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 12, 2021, 08:36:26 am
content: Quote from: perdrix on May 12, 2021, 01:02:27 amI know. The advice I gave applies to all types of screw terminals, from chocolate block, to connectors and indusctrial terminal block.

author: artag
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 12, 2021, 11:06:40 am
content: Your advice is good. I think the explanation of 'chocolate block' was intended for ajb.

author: Jeroen3
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 12, 2021, 11:54:55 am
content: As ajb said rising clamp, or often cage clamp. But for the use case of you're probably looking for Wago 221 blocks are suitable I guess.
Terminating SFP differential signals and general AN on high speed differential - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: Pack34
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: November 29, 2021, 07:50:45 pm
content: Does anyone know of any good app notes on high-speed differential signaling? This would be specifically in reference to SFP modules. About half the app notes I'm seeing with these include a 100-ohm termination resistor at the receiver. I'm working with some new SFP/SFP+ modules and the RX differential pair has a substantial amount more noise than the previous module we were using.The data rate is >2 GHz.
Terminating unused LM13700 - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: Lee Leduc
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: December 04, 2017, 02:22:56 pm
content: I need to properly terminate an unused OTA section of an LM13700.I'm thinking that connecting the amp bias input (pin 1 or 16) to V- (pin 6)should disable the input. Is this a good approach or is there a better way to do this?Thank you.

author: T3sl4co1l
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: December 04, 2017, 02:29:08 pm
content: Don't need to do anything at all, can leave it N/C. Vabc to -V is a good idea though, and you can do similarly with the other inputs if you like.Tim
Termination Resistor of Ethernet (49.9R) - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: GFTCTP
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: February 23, 2021, 01:13:29 pm
content: Hello.I'm designing a ethernet board and i see that switch LAN9303 requires a termination resistor in primary magnetics of 49.9R, but they dont says the power dissipation. I see that is a pull up resistor, right? Can i consider the worst case as I = 3,3V / 49,9R?Thanks.

author: Gribo
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 23, 2021, 01:38:33 pm
content: The reference design calls for 100mW 49.9 Ohm resistor. There are 0603 and 0402 resistors that can handle that.

author: GFTCTP
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: February 23, 2021, 04:05:12 pm
content: You're right.Thanks, Gribo.Best regards.
Terminology for ramp-up, ramp-down etc - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: cybermaus
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: December 26, 2023, 02:02:06 pm
content: I need to write some specs for a small drive circuit, and I am trying to find some terminology that are clear to everyone, or failing that, can be explained and then used consistently.Basically, there are two types of power level variations:Firstly, we have the power rise and fall that are technical limitations.In the sense that: we should never instantly go from low or no power to full power as it would put stress on the power boards that could even break them or the equipment behind them.Similarly, we should not suddenly stop power, as it may also cause stress as well as cause some electing ringing in the circuits.Next, we have the power rise and fall that is part of the usage envelope. Of the user desired "recipe" so to speak.In other words, user would like to slowly increase power from 20% to 100% over a timespan of 30 minutes, stay at 100% for 20 minutes, and then decrease power again over 10 minutes.Similar to for example temperature control in an PCB oven.The terminology would end up in small 2x16 LCD menu's so ideally would be short, as well as easily distinguishable and non-confuseable.I was considering:Rise and Fall for the technical limitations (analogue to signal rise and fall times in a scope)Ramp-up, level, and Ramp-down for the envelope phasesThe latter does seem to convey the correct meaning (to my non-native ears) but I dislike the similarity of the Ramp part, as well as I dislike the hyphen.Any other suggestions?I have been checking synonym databases, but maybe there is already an established terminology for this sort of thing:incline/decline (for the envelope)gather/dwindle (do not like it)wax/wane (probably too obscure. something with the moon, but which is which again)

author: themadhippy
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: December 26, 2023, 03:11:52 pm
content: Temp going upTemp going down

author: madires
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: December 26, 2023, 03:19:32 pm
content: power ramp-up period, full power period, power ramp-down periodAnd add an x-y diagram showing the different periods and power levels.

author: NiHaoMike
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: December 26, 2023, 08:03:41 pm
content: Ramp rate, specify what maximum would be allowed for ramp up and ramp down. If possible, program the controller so that if a command is given that exceeds the limit, it will ramp at the limit.
Tesla 72A Charger Internals! video + help request. - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: annerajb
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: April 14, 2017, 12:48:54 am
content: Hello,I acquired a Tesla 72A 3rd gen 1 phase charger.This is the one used on the Model X.My intention is on reverse engineering the control signals to be able to use it to charge my own project battery bank.From the AC side I plane on building a OpenEVSE since that produces the SAE j1772 signal.The car side is the one I suspect is gonna be the hardest without a car CAN bus replay.If you guys are interested I recorded a few videos of the internals and plan to take pictures of all the PCBA's and upload to imgur or somewhere similar.Any recommendation for taking high res pictures of the PCBA?I thought abut putting them in a scanner but apart from buying a good hi res camera I have nothing else.Is there anything that interest you guys about this project? Or feedback you can provide apart from be careful with HV

author: calexanian
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 15, 2017, 04:47:13 am
content: I suspect you could just lift those boards out. The power devices appear to be held in with pressure clips. It may take a bit of force, but i bet they will slip out. The don't want to hold them down with bolts because they need to slip just a little so thermal stress will not crack the PCB.This is Avid's Max Clip that I have seen used. very handy.https://www.aavid.com/product-group/maxclip/clipsCool tear down. I got a little dizzy though. I might suggest a tripod for the phone/camera and to free up your other hand.

author: ali_asadzadeh
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: April 15, 2017, 05:30:43 am
content: Thanks for sharing!

author: annerajb
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: April 17, 2017, 05:12:43 am
content: my concern is not the max clips but the chokes which are soldered to the PCB and potted/epoxy into the metal/plastic casing.I already tried with a hot air gun and a 80watt weller as you can imagine it did not even melt..I purchased a weller 260 watt gun see if that helps.Yeah I am working on getting better gear to record. Currently that's gonna be a holder for the camera to be steady/clamp to the table and better LED lights too.Here is the latest one.
Tesla Accelerator Pedal Inductive Angle IC????.......... - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: Smokey
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 08, 2023, 08:37:20 am
content: What Inductive Position Sensor chip are they using for angle measurement of the accelerator pedal?From here:IC Markings are:802V1R2 = ?1007456 = ?1743 = 43week, 2017?Those numbers don't turn up in my searches.Notes from screenshot:1) 16Pin Package.2) Pin1 Looks to be tied to the ground plane3) Pin2 Looks to be the Analog OutputPossible Parts:1) Renesas IPS2200 and Renesas IPS2250 are 16pin, but pins 1 and 2 don't work.2) None of the Microchip parts like LX3301A are 16pin.3) The Melexis MLX90517 and MLX90510 are both 16pin, but datasheets are by request only and I can't find any pinout data available online.https://www.melexis.com/en/products/inductive-position-sensor-ics4) Cambridge parts are the wrong package:https://cambridgeic.com/products/integrated-circuitsI'm guessing it's the Melexis parts. Anyone have a data sheet?

author: HwAoRrDk
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 08, 2023, 10:51:36 am
content: I suspect the chips have custom markings. Note that the PCB itself has a number with the same prefix as on the chips:1007356A.

author: Wolfram
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 08, 2023, 11:30:33 am
content: The circuit appears to have two identical and mostly independent sections. I know this is common with accelerator pedals, often with different offset and slope for the two signals, to be able to verify the integrity of the measurement. Each section of the circuit has a single output, so it can't be any of the sin/cos output variants of resolver readout chips.The Melexis parts mentioned are made for a three phase (120 degree) receive coil, but the board appears to have a two phase quadrature one, so those are likely ruled out. The ZIMD5201 mentioned in the video still looks like the closest candidate, though the pinout doesn't appear to match.

author: Smokey
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 08, 2023, 06:14:23 pm
content: Ya, they have two redundant outputs so the system can do some safety checks on the angle input signal measurement.While yes those parts are for motor control, The renesas parts, at least, support single ended output on the sin/cosine lines. And the mechanical motion is relatively small and fixed. You could set the electrical period/phase and rotational angle of the sensor and mechanical parts such that the output is the mostly linear zero crossing part of the cosine output. That approximates a pot. Sorta.
Tesla coil, but using second resonant frequency - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: MacIntoshCZ
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: January 15, 2022, 07:15:32 pm
content: 2 years ago, i attempted to build my first tesla coil. It not works. Now i came back and measured it properly. As far as i remember i used about 17k turns and 5km of 0.115mm wire... I just measured it and resonant frequency is 25hz. Thats actually really nice to drive. Maybe with really short pulses... But there will be no resonant circuit on primary.Second resonant frequency is around 41.2khz.What do you think about it. Sounds as lot of fun...Geting hit with arc on 25Hz... I heard it could happen only once at life...
Tesla coil from ebay Chinese parts - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: henry_jacobs@hotmail.com
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: November 08, 2024, 07:29:35 am
content: I'm trying to build a Tesla coil using Chinese parts from eBay without much success. Only getting a 3-inch spark that is barely visible. Ha anyone else tried to do this or has used the parts? The attached file has pictures of the parts that I am trying to use. I have also purchased the board and stuffed it with parts for the Universal DRSSTC Tesla Coil Driver 2.7 Rev C. Trying to tune it now. Any help or ideas would be appreciated.

author: jonpaul
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: November 08, 2024, 08:52:53 am
content: Dear Henry: Bravo for the effort, I have been making Tesla Coils since 1950s .my first vacuum tube coil was from this article in Electronics Illustrated magazine, 1959...https://teslauniverse.com/build/plans/tesla-coil...in 1970s..1990s, was HV designer, and mfg....So the photo its just Dangerous Chinese junk. the result is normal. Beware that HV high freq Can destroy any other electronicsdont run it for more than a minute at a time....If you are serious to explore Tesla Coil HV, Suggest to learn about Tesla Coils ( And Nikola Tesla) and HV before you proceed.Tesla:https://www.teslasociety.com/https://teslasciencecenter.org/HV forumshttps://4hv.org/index.phphttps://highvoltageforum.net/index.php?topic=1888.0Lightning on Demandhttps://www.lod.org/Tesla Coild Builder Assnhttps://teslauniverse.com/build/tcba-newsletterSteve HVhttps://stevehv.4hv.org/ENJOY and Good luck!have an absolutely fantastic day
Tesla coils and simulate various discharge signals - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: lyy611
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: March 22, 2022, 02:21:33 am
content: I'm trying to make a Tesla coil to simulate various discharge signals, such as tip discharge and suspension discharge. But I had some trouble, and the frequency of the tip discharge I measured was not in the normal range, which was most likely a wrong signal. Correct tip discharge signal at 6300-500MHZ. I don't know what caused it, but it could be that the signal I measured was a fake signal, or that the Tesla coil was too small and too low. I hope you can help me analyze it, thank you very much. If there is a better idea of simulating the discharge signal, it would be greatly appreciated if it could be shared!by the way,This is the first time I've done an SGTC Tesla coil，maybe an analog discharge requires an SSTC？This is the oscilloscope graph I detected
Tesla EV Mobile Connector disassembly circuit question - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: YOSHIZAKI
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: March 24, 2024, 08:54:17 am
content: He placed different resistors at both ends of the Relay(3.3MΩ & 2MΩ) . Does this have any special purpose?Because the common detection method is to place resistors at both ends of the relay, and Tesla's design seems to only detect the output of the relay.
Tesla MAB399, MAC199 voltage references - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: jnd
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: March 07, 2013, 08:08:15 pm
content: These are Czech made precision voltage references, accuracy is claimed to be basically same as the well known LM399 and LM199 respectively. But the question is how similar are they? They could be either licensed second source or simply clones or some kind of original product, probably inspired by the original parts to some extent.To my knowledge only National and Linear ever made these references. Now Tesla is the third manufacturer. They are mentioned in 1989 catalog and the datecodes I've seen so far are all 1990. I'm not sure if there were any components made by licensing from American companies before the Velvet revolution which happened in late 1989. It's considered that all western equivalents were just more or less good clones. But it's known that in early 90's Tesla wanted to sustain the semiconductor manufacturing by making licensed power transistors, I think from Motorola.If you check the specs between Nation, Linear and Tesla the parameters seems to be identical except the actual Zener Voltage. Both LM199 have 6.95 V typ. but MAC199 has 7.25 V typ., the tolerance range is similar but shifted higher. I just bought 5 of these and confirmed that they're indeed close to that value: 7.263; 7.254; 7.245; 7.252; 7.261 V (quick measurement at 0.54 mA). Package dimensions are different too, Tesla one has taller heat shield.The more accurate version seems to be pretty rare and nowhere to be found except that one odd auction I bought it from. There are still MAB399 in one shop and I plan to buy some of those for more experiments, also cut one open and look at the die. I can't find any die photos of LM399,only of LTZ1000So if you know about it or willing to sacrifice one LM399 for research purposes, let me know.Tesla had long history of making Zener diodes in different kinds of accuracy, including reference grade and special TKZD (temperature compensated Zener diode) made for precision instruments, mainly or exclusively for Metra, another Czechoslovakian company (check this thread and photos there) so it may have something to do with choosing different Zener voltage.Another question is how good is the long term stability. Unfortunately I don't have good enough meter to test and measure for myself. There is one value in the data book, -20 ppm, but it's missing for how long is that. I'll have to dig through my catalogs and data books at home to see if I can find anything more about these parts.Feel free to discuss and speculate

author: Mickle T.
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: March 09, 2013, 04:44:49 am
content: AFAIK there are other clones of the classic LMx99 zeners: chinese FW199 and russian 2S483
Tesla Model 3 PWS speaker connector type? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: sgofferj
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: March 13, 2025, 11:36:34 am
content: I'm building my own "PWS" for my electric tricycle and when searching for waterproof speakers on AliExpress, I found tons of listings for Tesla Model 3 "compatible" PWS speakers. They presumably are waterproof enough and to not jeopardize that, I would also like to use the correct connector type to connect my little circuit to that speaker.Does anybody know what connector type that is?PS: My project basically is an ESP32 which sniffs the serial communication between the display unit and the motor controller to find out the speed and then plays a Republic LAAT engine sound loop pitched according to speed via a MAX98357A I2S amp.

author: thm_w
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: March 13, 2025, 11:07:57 pm
content: https://service.tesla.com/docs/Model3/ElectricalReference/index.htmlhttps://service.tesla.com/docs/Model3/ElectricalReference/prog-187/connector/x602/Pedestrian warning speaker: 1299965-00-ADELPHI 35126363Can also just buy a set of generic waterproof automotive connectors and solder + silicone seal. But in this case the oem connector is easy enough to find.

author: sgofferj
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: March 14, 2025, 11:37:57 am
content: Awesome, thanks!
Tesla Model Y Indoor Cabin Radar Teardown & Deep Analysis of SoC, Package, etc. - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: Hugoneus
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: May 11, 2025, 09:54:37 pm
content: You can watch the video here: [38 Minutes]youtu.be/QSMJeUvjAcsIn this episode Shahriar takes a close look at the Tesla Model Y Indoor Cabin 60GHz radar module. This deep analysis video covers a lot of ground starting with the mechanical design of the module. The primary PCB is studied with attention to power management, vehicle interfaces, choice of radar SoC chipset, antenna design, isolation & RF routing.The PCB is further examined using X-Ray fluorescence to confirm the use of silver immersion as a surface finish. Furthermore, leveraging Raman spectroscopy the material composition of the radar radome is also examined. The radar chipset package is also analyzed by using an x-ray image.The main TI radar SoC is removed from the packaged and after studying the block diagram of the integrated circuits, the bare die is examined under a high power microscope for a silicon design reverse engineering.I hope to see you at the IEEE IMS & RFIC event in San Francisco, California, USA this year in June 15th, 2025:https://ims-ieee.org/And here is a teaser to my Technical Lecture at the IEEE RFIC Conference:https://rfic-ieee.org/technical-program/technical-lectures?date=2025-06-15

author: RoGeorge
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 12, 2025, 06:42:16 am
content: https://youtu.be/QSMJeUvjAcs?t=212Phew, THANK YOU!

author: Hugoneus
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: May 12, 2025, 03:43:33 pm
content: Quote from: RoGeorge on May 12, 2025, 06:42:16 amHehe...
Tesoro MD - Bandido II uMax - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: ppTRN
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: March 23, 2022, 03:31:58 pm
content: Hi everyone, I am passionate about MD and I layed my eyes on this particular schematic, the Bandido 2 uMax. I don't think it is a recent design, but according to internet reviews, this was, and apparently still is, one of the best designs at all. So, instead of just build it and test it, i just wanted to understand how it works first.I am just about to graduate in electronic engeneering (bachelor degree), so I have some experience, but i really cannot figure out how does this work. It is clear that an oscillator generate the TX signal, picked up by the RX coil and amplified. But why are all the 4066 gates (except for gate A, what about that!?) controlled by a signal that in some way depends on the TX signal? This is just my first doubt. What's up with IC10 and IC8? How is the audio stage driven by IC3 and the 4024? all of it, in general, doesn't make a lot of sense (to me, obv).Is there anyone of you who can at least point me to the right direction? Can any of you explain what is going on on this schematic?Thank you very much for your time!You'll find the schematic attached to this thread.
Tutorial Video: Characterizing a Op Amp model. Part 1 - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: rbola35618
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 25, 2014, 05:11:03 pm
content: Just saw the previous attempt to post video. Sorry guys. There must be something wrong with my computer or operator errorDave or Simon, how can I remove this third posting? Can you please remove?Robert
Op-amp PSRR measurement - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: uuuu
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: October 26, 2024, 05:11:03 am
content: test

author: uuuu
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: October 26, 2024, 05:12:56 am
content: I measured the PSRR of an op amp using a measuring equipment.The results were almost identical to those in the data sheet.

author: magic
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 26, 2024, 05:26:11 am
content: Quote from: uuuu on October 26, 2024, 05:12:56 amHmm, good for youLooks like some rail to rail output thing?

author: uuuu
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: October 26, 2024, 05:28:55 am
content: Thank you.As you guessed, I measured a rail-to-rail OPAMP.

author: imacgreg
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: October 26, 2024, 05:54:55 am
content: How did you perform the measurement? Is this something that you can accurately test with scope, generator, bench power supplies?

author: uuuu
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: October 26, 2024, 11:12:21 am
content: This requires a low-noise power supply, a fixture capable of injecting low frequencies, and a frequency response analyzer.Network analyzers are generally not suitable for measurements below 100kHz.

author: imacgreg
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: October 26, 2024, 08:34:48 pm
content: Can you elaborate on the fixture? I've wanted to do this type of measurement for audio designs but haven't worked out the details about how to inject signal into power feed. I have access to generator/analyzer via Audio Precision. Is it as simple as AC coupling signal into the power line via low value summing R?

author: MasterT
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: October 26, 2024, 10:23:37 pm
content: Probably like this:https://www.analog.com/en/resources/analog-dialogue/articles/simple-op-amp-measurements.html

author: mawyatt
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: October 27, 2024, 01:56:56 am
content: ^ Good resource!!Clever technique with CMRRBest
Test  - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: stoica adrian
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: May 14, 2015, 04:13:31 pm
content: Hi guys, i try to make a testing solution for a couple of set top boxes. I need to test a couple of them at one time, and i need tu see all of them on a single monitor. Until now i come across a hex video multiplexer (cctv) with 16 channel, but it have BNC connectors at the input. Thats is all i found. You have a idea of what kind of video multiplexer i will need to test around 16 set top boxes with scart output, and been able to see all of them on a single monitor. PS i dont like a switch

author: KJDS
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: May 14, 2015, 04:20:00 pm
content: I've just checked the pin out and composite video is available on a scart lead. Try making up a lead to take that to a BNC. If it works ok, repeat another 15 times
Test Benches - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: Pack34
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: January 12, 2014, 04:22:04 pm
content: I apologize if this has been discussed before, but I made a couple quick test benches for some small breakout boards and modules. To create the test bench I cannibalized one of the boards, stuck headers on it and brought out all of the I/O to a microcontroller so I could run a quick exhaustive test.My question is in regards to the connectors. Most of the connectors for these boards are standard 0.1" and are not soldered on after assembly. To test the boards I place the board-under-test on top of the cannibalized board and I have to hold it at an angle to get a good electrical connection. Does anyone know the name of a better test connector for this purpose? Perhaps one that tapers or flares out like a banana plug connector?What I have works, I just feel like there's a better way.

author: Rufus
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: January 12, 2014, 04:34:01 pm
content: Pogo pins.

author: calexanian
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: January 12, 2014, 06:29:59 pm
content: Look in the POMONA catalog. I believe they have something for that.

author: con-f-use
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: January 12, 2014, 07:57:52 pm
content: Yes, spring-loaded, gold plated (less oxidation, lower contact resistance) telescope pins, aka Pogo-Pins. Seehow Sparkfun does it, anddoes it, anddoes it again.

author: cellularmitosis
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: January 12, 2014, 11:42:40 pm
content: I can't remember where I saw this tip, but I use pogo pins as an ICSP connector to program micro controllers. Super convenient!

author: zapta
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: January 21, 2014, 10:30:53 pm
content: Quote from: Rufus on January 12, 2014, 04:34:01 pmSearch eBay, there are plenty, different shapes and good prices.
Test Boxes - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: Cigarsnob
author_rank: Regular Contributor
timestamp: July 02, 2015, 09:47:45 pm
content: Looking to resupply our stock of test boxes as we're running low at the company I work for. My old boss had a huge stash of project boxes like the Pomona 3301.http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/3301/3301-ND/736487I've grown to be a fan of these boxes, but the prices are ridiculous. Can anyone here recommend similar boxes that are cheaper?I'm looking for card guides and EMI shielding.Thanks

author: German_EE
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: July 03, 2015, 11:17:23 am
content: That price is indeed excessive, I suggest that you try Alibaba.com.

author: MagicSmoker
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: July 03, 2015, 03:14:17 pm
content: Yeah, that's a terrible price, but I recommend you steer clear of Alibaba unless you like gambling and/or don't mind waiting 6-8 weeks to find out if what was shown on the website and what you get remotely the same thing. If you want to take a swing on cheap boxes from China at least get them from fleabay using paypal.Otherwise, two enclosure manufacturers (in the US) I can recommend are Polycase (plastic) and Lansing Instrument (extruded aluminum).

author: edavid
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: July 03, 2015, 04:09:01 pm
content: For Hammond-like metal enclosures, Tayda is pretty good. Shipping takes about a week.http://www.taydaelectronics.com/hardware/enclosures.html(They don't have card guides though.)

author: rdl
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: July 03, 2015, 07:39:19 pm
content: That type of box is an extrusion. They typically come as a kit, a one or two piece extrusion, 2 end caps and screws. You can find plenty on ebay - just search for aluminum project box. The smaller ones are very cheap. Since the removable end caps are flat, they are easy to work on if you need to drill or mill holes and openings.http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_sacat=0&_nkw=aluminum+project+box

author: eas
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: July 04, 2015, 04:09:50 am
content: How'sthis?It has multiple slots for boards in either horizontal or vertical orientation, unlike a lot of the project boxes I've found on ebay.

author: nanofrog
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: July 04, 2015, 12:06:58 pm
content: Have you looked into volume pricing for that particular box (phone calls/emails)?
Test Jig to Test  Relay D1D40 - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: dareswitch
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: May 28, 2019, 05:18:16 am
content: Hello All,I'm very new to this forum and still working out my electronics skills in designing.Can some one please help me to build a circuit to test a Solid State Relay unit D1D40.Have a circuit with - SPDT switch and 4 LED (companied with ressitors)and then used 8 x 180Ohm Resistors at the load end of D1D40 relay which get very hot upon operation and i want to come up with a solution for this problem .Please see 4 LED are used for below purposes in my circuit-1st LED - Power ON indication2nd LED - to indicate whether the Relay is Active3rd LED - to indicate Fail open4th LED - to indicate FAIl ClosedBUt i need something simple but everything covered.Kindly suggestThanks

author: Simon
author_rank: Unknown
timestamp: May 28, 2019, 05:22:12 pm
content: Please don't post the same text twice, it really annoys people.
Test lead design - safety design rules? Do and don't? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: nomorebots
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: February 01, 2015, 01:36:11 am
content: Hi there,I'm aiming to design some very compact test leads for CAT III 600~1000V, 2~3A for easy carrying around. Something small kind of like for a card type DMM. Did a quick search online and couldn't find any specific information on safety such as:safety distance for finger guard to exposed metal orminimum test probe insulating thickness for CAT II, or CATIIIDoes anyone know the answer to these or where I could find them? Tried Ctrl+F some keywords in a UL61010-1.pdf I found and still no luck. I am aware of the single/double isolation which is about 10.5mm but I don't believe it applies to test probe design. Would be nice to see what other compact designs you like or any "do-n-don't" you have as well.Thank you for your time and help~

author: Neilm
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 02, 2015, 03:49:45 pm
content: The safety regulations for test leads are covered by IEC61010-2-031. The part 1 version you already have is the general requirements. (I am assuming that UL61010 is the local version)

author: nomorebots
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: February 03, 2015, 09:29:21 pm
content: I was able to locate a copy. Does the double isolation distance apply between the test tip to the finger guard? For instance, a CATIII 600V requires a 0.57" (14.5mm) double isolation distance. I don't see any other rules specifically for the finger guards. However most of the test leads I have have a finger guard that is spaced apart further than that, about 0.9" (22mm).Am I missing something?Please check attachment picture.Thanks

author: Neilm
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: February 03, 2015, 10:17:42 pm
content: I don't know that standard too well. I believe that you need double isolation between the conductive tip and any accessible parts, where the finger guard prevents access in front of it.The line you have highlighted is the clearance which is the shortest distance in air. Line 2 is the creepage distance, the shortest distance along the surface. See the annexes in part 1 for a more detailed explanation ( annex H ?)
Test off-line leds SMPS with KP184 DC load - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: 1001
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: August 29, 2020, 01:47:12 pm
content: Is it safe to test this non isolated PSU with KP184 DC load instead of leds string? I measured the resistance between the terminals of the KP184 and the earth at the terminal of the power plug and it is greater than 50Mohm (limit of my Brymen).

author: Vovk_Z
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 30, 2020, 09:49:00 am
content: I'm not sure. This DC Load is 150 V rated max. That means it wil burn mosfets with higher voltage applied.But LED power supply doesn't regulate voltage and it possibly can have any value (especially without the load or with small load).Or you are asking about being safe for human? Of cause non-isolated power supply makes unsafe and dangerous anything connected to it.

author: 1001
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: August 30, 2020, 12:08:25 pm
content: I forgot important details, I would like to set up KP184 in CV mode at 96V (my string led work at 96V 0.7A), component values are different from those in the picture, I mean safe for KP184.

author: Vovk_Z
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 30, 2020, 10:12:24 pm
content: I can't garanty but why not? With some safety precautions of cause.
test points - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: Alex Eisenhut
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 14, 2014, 07:39:41 pm
content: I usually put a 0402 100R resistor in series for voltage rail test points. My reason is that the resistor will blow in case of a short and it can be repaired easily.For me, test points on rails are just DC checks. If you want to measure noise, you have to go directly to the chip's pins.But some people flip out and want "direct" test points on the planes.Who's right?

author: SeanB
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 14, 2014, 07:48:35 pm
content: The sacrificial resistor is a good idea, and will do very little to DC and low frequencies measurement wise. You might have a problem at 1MHz and above, but for DC and audio it will barely matter.

author: Precipice
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: August 14, 2014, 07:58:36 pm
content: I can see both points - but some places run rigid test schemes, where every node needs a test point, and your resistors, while sane, don't do the necessary - in fact, they add test points.Are you sure that the test regime doesn't do a quick squawk between all nodes designated power before starting, to rule out power-ground and power-power shorts? With hundreds of tiny decouplers on even a small board, it's a reasonably common failure mode.My short answer: do what makes your test house happy (as long as it's not truly insane). They've got a workflow which (one hopes) works for them...

author: David Hess
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 15, 2014, 04:18:33 am
content: Tektronix sometimes did this with resistors to isolate sensitive test nodes from excessive lead capacitance and with high voltage capacitors to act as DC blocks when only ripple and noise would be measured.High power ballast resistors are often designed or intended to act as fusible links so using a low value resistor to protect a low impedance test point from a catastrophic short just seems like common sense to me.

author: Richard Head
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: August 15, 2014, 05:53:10 am
content: I think the urge to measure the actual DC rail (before the resistor) will cause many people to measure the rail directly anyway.I would get rid of the resistor.

author: tautech
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 15, 2014, 06:56:47 am
content: I am repairing a mid 70's FG PSU that has dedicated test pads on the PCB linked to the + & - rails with 330 Ohm resistors. Never seen this format of test point before, although content in this thread makes me think, why? Circuit protection no doubt, from some aspiring EE with his DMM set on Amps.

author: Neilm
author_rank: Super Contributor
timestamp: August 15, 2014, 03:52:35 pm
content: Quote from: Precipice on August 14, 2014, 07:58:36 pmI work in such a place. Trouble with test points is they take up room and (if the space is tight) can be on a reasonably long stub. When trying to meet EMC regs, if there is any real frequency to the signal then you suddenly have a nice aerial leading to EMI problems.
Short Circuit Polymer Capacitor Failure Panasonic 50SVPF68M? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: incf
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: June 09, 2025, 11:43:30 pm
content: I just encountered two PCB assemblies (battery chargers) where the output capacitors went short circuit.The capacitors are solid polymer Panasonic 50SVPF68M (50V 68u, 5000 Hrs @ 105C).They operated for maybe 12 hours. They appear to have failed after being shipped - ie. they were not shipped due to a capacitor failure, and likely (not 100% sure) didn't possess the failure while they were being operated / before they were shipped.The capacitors have a 32V TVS across them and are isolated from the outside world by a relay. The circuitry runs warm, but definitely less than 85C. Both input and output capacitors are subject to inrush current, and the output capacitors might experience a larger inrush current than the input capacitors.The capacitors measure <0.2 Ohms and repeatedly blew fuses once they were shipped to me. I've double, triple, and quadruple checked that the capacitor polarity is correct (at least the markings are).What could have killed these capacitors? I'm having trouble believing that shipping would kill the output capacitor but not the input capacitor.
Test Transistors with Multimeter and Semiconductor Analyzer - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: RonFred2
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: February 25, 2022, 01:10:09 am
content: I just published my BJT transistor test article. I test 14 different transistors (working, broken, unknown, and antique museum piece M-1752).There are lots of articles on testing transistors - usually just one flavor of NPN or PNP and then use this example to figure out what is what with your own transistor. In my article, I try to cover as many types of Bipolar Junction transistors I could get a hold of or was wasting away untested in my part bins.http://www.biophysicslab.com/2022/02/23/test-transistors-with-multimeter-and-semiconductor-analyzer/

author: Swake
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 26, 2022, 08:40:32 pm
content: the link isn't working for some reason. Post your articel in this forum. You'll likely have many more views.

author: RonFred2
author_rank: Contributor
timestamp: February 27, 2022, 02:02:38 am
content: The article reads like a picture book with photos associated with short text - explaining steps to test transistor pins. I understand that just dumping a link into your forum is not so great, but in this case, it would be a lot of effort to duplicate. I am not selling anything with this article or its content. I mean only to share transistor testing in a way that folks like myself can understand. Prior to writing this article, I always had trouble keeping each step in transistor testing clear enough to make reliable conclusions. I do hope my method helps as presented. But also I do hope you folks find ways to make "my life uncomfortable"finding errors or improvements!If you or others have trouble clicking on my link (I don't have a problem) I would like to know. Otherwise, you can do a google search with quotes on the title to land on my article as well:"Test Transistors with Multimeter and Semiconductor Analyzer"
Test uSupply, cann't generate 0V ??? - Page 1
Forum section: electronics / projects

author: xiaoao360
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: February 01, 2015, 12:41:04 am
content: Cann't generate 0V

author: mij59
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 01, 2015, 05:31:31 am
content: Take a look at the data sheet of the LT6016, output voltage swing low, no load typical 3 mV.The LT3080 will source a 10 uA current out of the set pin, so the output voltage of the LT6016 can never be 0 volts.The resistors R12 and R13 are also causing a voltage drop.

author: xiaoao360
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: February 01, 2015, 07:32:27 am
content: Quote from: mij59 on February 01, 2015, 05:31:31 amIn the actual circuit, I use LM358 as a replacement of LT6016. There is 33mv voltage on the set pin and out pin.and the resistors R12 and R13 are necessary in the original circuit, you can download the cirucit at:http://www.eevblog.com/projects/usupply/I don't know whether there is a 0V output in David's original circuit.I think the resistors R11 and R12(in the Rev.C circuit) are also causing a voltage drop.

author: mij59
author_rank: Frequent Contributor
timestamp: February 01, 2015, 08:24:07 am
content: Quote from: xiaoao360 on February 01, 2015, 07:32:27 amTo get 0V at the output of the opamp you need a negative voltage rail, the minimum value of the negative voltage rail depends on the properties of the opamp.

author: xiaoao360
author_rank: Newbie
timestamp: February 01, 2015, 08:38:06 am
content: I used to think David's circuit can generate 0V output.