huzaifas-sidhpurwala/RedHat-security-VeX huggingface dataset:
Router produces JSON instead of 404 error for invalid course ID
CVE: CVE-2025-62397
Component: moodle
CVSS v3: 5.3/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Release date: 2025-10-14T04:00:00+00:00

The router’s inconsistent response to invalid course IDs allowed attackers to infer which course IDs exist, potentially aiding reconnaissance.

Statement: Red Hat Product Security has determined that this vulnerability does not affect any currently supported Red Hat product. This assessment may evolve based on further analysis and discovery. For more information about this vulnerability and the products it affects, please see the linked references.

Remediation:
tipc: fix null-ptr-deref when acquiring remote ip of ethernet bearer
CVE: CVE-2025-38184
Component: kernel
CWE: CWE-476
Severity: Moderate
CVSS v3: 5.6/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Release date: 2025-07-04T00:00:00+00:00

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tipc: fix null-ptr-deref when acquiring remote ip of ethernet bearer

The reproduction steps:
1. create a tun interface
2. enable l2 bearer
3. TIPC_NL_UDP_GET_REMOTEIP with media name set to tun

tipc: Started in network mode
tipc: Node identity 8af312d38a21, cluster identity 4711
tipc: Enabled bearer <eth:syz_tun>, priority 1
Oops: general protection fault
KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range
CPU: 1 UID: 1000 PID: 559 Comm: poc Not tainted 6.16.0-rc1+ #117 PREEMPT
Hardware name: QEMU Ubuntu 24.04 PC
RIP: 0010:tipc_udp_nl_dump_remoteip+0x4a4/0x8f0

the ub was in fact a struct dev.

when bid != 0 && skip_cnt != 0, bearer_list[bid] may be NULL or
other media when other thread changes it.

fix this by checking media_id.


Remediation:
firefox: Potential user-assisted code execution in “Copy as cURL” command
CVE: CVE-2025-11713
Component: thunderbird
CWE: CWE-88
Severity: Moderate
CVSS v3: 6.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Release date: 2025-10-14T12:27:35.913000+00:00

Insufficient escaping in the “Copy as cURL” feature could have been used to trick a user into executing unexpected code on Windows. This did not affect the application when running on other operating systems. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 144, Firefox ESR < 140.4, Thunderbird < 144, and Thunderbird < 140.4.

Statement: Red Hat Product Security rates the severity of this flaw as determined by the Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory.

Remediation:
Exim: Remote heap corruption vulnerability
CVE: CVE-2025-67896
Component: exim
CVSS v3: 8.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H
Release date: 2025-12-14T04:00:24.337000+00:00

Exim before 4.99.1, with certain non-default rate-limit configurations, allows a remote heap-based buffer overflow because database records are cast directly to internal structures without validation.

Statement: This vulnerability is rated Moderate as it allows a remote attacker to exploit a heap corruption flaw. This could lead to a denial of service or arbitrary code execution. This issue impacts Exim in Community Projects, including EPEL and Fedora.

Remediation:
GNOME libgsf gsf_property_settings_collec heap-based overflow
CVE: CVE-2025-2723
Component: libgsf
CWE: CWE-805
Severity: None
Release date: 2025-03-25T01:00:06.666000+00:00

A flaw was found in the GNOME libgsf package, affecting the gsf_property_settings_collec function. Manipulation of the n_alloced_params argument can lead to a heap-based buffer overflow.

Statement: This CVE has been marked as Rejected by the assigning CNA. The code maintainer explains that "[the] call is invalid [as] the buffer pointed to by "data" must have "len" valid bytes." The documentation was fixed to make that clear.

Remediation:
Arbitrary file read risk through pdfTeX
CVE: CVE-2025-26525
Component: moodle
CVSS v3: 8.5/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
Release date: 2025-02-24T19:31:43.881000+00:00

Insufficient sanitizing in the TeX notation filter resulted in an 
arbitrary file read risk on sites where pdfTeX is available (such as 
those with TeX Live installed).

Statement: Red Hat Product Security has determined that this vulnerability does not affect any currently supported Red Hat product. This assessment may evolve based on further analysis and discovery. For more information about this vulnerability and the products it affects, please see the linked references.

Remediation:
btrfs: fix memory leak of qgroup_list in btrfs_add_qgroup_relation
CVE: CVE-2025-40209
Component: kernel
Severity: None
Release date: 2025-11-21T00:00:00+00:00

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

btrfs: fix memory leak of qgroup_list in btrfs_add_qgroup_relation

When btrfs_add_qgroup_relation() is called with invalid qgroup levels
(src >= dst), the function returns -EINVAL directly without freeing the
preallocated qgroup_list structure passed by the caller. This causes a
memory leak because the caller unconditionally sets the pointer to NULL
after the call, preventing any cleanup.

The issue occurs because the level validation check happens before the
mutex is acquired and before any error handling path that would free
the prealloc pointer. On this early return, the cleanup code at the
'out' label (which includes kfree(prealloc)) is never reached.

In btrfs_ioctl_qgroup_assign(), the code pattern is:

    prealloc = kzalloc(sizeof(*prealloc), GFP_KERNEL);
    ret = btrfs_add_qgroup_relation(trans, sa->src, sa->dst, prealloc);
    prealloc = NULL;  // Always set to NULL regardless of return value
    ...
    kfree(prealloc);  // This becomes kfree(NULL), does nothing

When the level check fails, 'prealloc' is never freed by either the
callee or the caller, resulting in a 64-byte memory leak per failed
operation. This can be triggered repeatedly by an unprivileged user
with access to a writable btrfs mount, potentially exhausting kernel
memory.

Fix this by freeing prealloc before the early return, ensuring prealloc
is always freed on all error paths.


Remediation:
Heap buffer overflow in Video
CVE: CVE-2025-11206
Component: chromium-browser
CVSS v3: 8.7/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Release date: 2025-11-06T22:08:53.382000+00:00

Heap buffer overflow in Video in Google Chrome prior to 141.0.7390.54 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)

Statement: Red Hat Product Security rates the severity of this flaw as determined by the Google Chrome Security Advisory.

Remediation:
drm/imagination: fix firmware memory leaks
CVE: CVE-2025-37764
Component: kernel
Severity: None
Release date: 2025-05-01T00:00:00+00:00

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

drm/imagination: fix firmware memory leaks

Free the memory used to hold the results of firmware image processing
when the module is unloaded.

Fix the related issue of the same memory being leaked if processing
of the firmware image fails during module load.

Ensure all firmware GEM objects are destroyed if firmware image
processing fails.

Fixes memory leaks on powervr module unload detected by Kmemleak:

unreferenced object 0xffff000042e20000 (size 94208):
  comm "modprobe", pid 470, jiffies 4295277154
  hex dump (first 32 bytes):
    02 ae 7f ed bf 45 84 00 3c 5b 1f ed 9f 45 45 05  .....E..<[...EE.
    d5 4f 5d 14 6c 00 3d 23 30 d0 3a 4a 66 0e 48 c8  .O].l.=#0.:Jf.H.
  backtrace (crc dd329dec):
    kmemleak_alloc+0x30/0x40
    ___kmalloc_large_node+0x140/0x188
    __kmalloc_large_node_noprof+0x2c/0x13c
    __kmalloc_noprof+0x48/0x4c0
    pvr_fw_init+0xaa4/0x1f50 [powervr]

unreferenced object 0xffff000042d20000 (size 20480):
  comm "modprobe", pid 470, jiffies 4295277154
  hex dump (first 32 bytes):
    00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 09 00 00 00 0b 00 00 00  ................
    00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 07 00 00 00 08 00 00 00  ................
  backtrace (crc 395b02e3):
    kmemleak_alloc+0x30/0x40
    ___kmalloc_large_node+0x140/0x188
    __kmalloc_large_node_noprof+0x2c/0x13c
    __kmalloc_noprof+0x48/0x4c0
    pvr_fw_init+0xb0c/0x1f50 [powervr]


Remediation:
NULL pointer dereference in show_vty_unknown_tlv() in ospf_ext.c
CVE: CVE-2025-61104
Component: frr
CWE: CWE-476
Severity: Moderate
CVSS v3: 5.8/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Release date: 2025-10-28T00:00:00+00:00

A flaw was found in frr. When the OSPF daemon (ospfd) is configured with the debug command "debug ospf packet all send/recv detail", it attempts to print detailed information about OSPF packets. However, a specially crafted OSPF packet can trigger a NULL pointer dereference in the show_vty_unknown_tlv function in the ospf_ext.c file, causing the OSPF process to crash and resulting in a denial of service.

Statement: A very specific and non-default runtime configuration is required to exploit this flaw. The vulnerable code is only reachable when OSPF detailed packet debugging is enabled (debug ospf packet all send/recv detail), which is typically used for temporary diagnostic purposes and not in production environments. In normal operation, the affected function is not invoked, thereby significantly reducing exposure.
Furthermore, this flaw can trigger a NULL pointer dereference, causing a crash of the ospfd process without memory corruption or any other security impact.

Remediation:
Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.
denial of service via malformed HTML-like sequences
CVE: CVE-2025-69534
Component: python-markdown
CWE: CWE-617
Severity: Important
CVSS v3: 8.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
Release date: 2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00

A flaw was found in Python-Markdown. Parsing crafted markdown content containing malformed HTML-like sequences causes html.parser.HTMLParser to raise an unhandled AssertionError. This unhandled exception allows an attacker to cause an application crash and potentially disclose sensitive information via its stack trace.

Statement: To exploit this flaw, an attacker must be able to supply a specially crafted payload to be processed by an application using Python-Markdown. Additionally, the security impact of this vulnerability is limited to an information disclosure via the unhandled exception stack trace and a denial of service. There is no memory corruption or arbitrary command execution. Due to these reasons, this issue has been rated with an important severity.

Remediation:
To mitigate this vulnerability, wrap your markdown parsing function in a try/except block. This catches the unhandled exception, preventing both the application crash and the stack trace leak.
MediaWiki: Vulnerability with no direct security impact
CVE: CVE-2025-67480
Component: MediaWiki
CVSS v3: 4.5/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Release date: 2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00

A flaw was found in MediaWiki. This vulnerability, associated with the ApiQueryRevisionsBase.Php program file, could be exploited by a remote attacker with low privileges. However, based on the provided CVSS v4 score, this flaw does not have a direct security impact on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the system.

Statement: Red Hat Product Security has determined that this vulnerability does not affect any currently supported Red Hat product. This assessment may evolve based on further analysis and discovery. For more information about this vulnerability and the products it affects, please see the linked references.

Remediation:
net/handshake: duplicate handshake cancellations leak socket
CVE: CVE-2025-68775
Component: kernel
CWE: CWE-911
Severity: Low
CVSS v3: 3.4/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Release date: 2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00

A race condition flaw was found in the Linux kernel's network handshake subsystem. When duplicate handshake cancellation requests arrive for the same TLS handshake (such as during SUNRPC/NFS TLS negotiation timeouts), the code fails to detect the duplicate and incorrectly manipulates the socket reference count, leading to a refcount underflow and potential socket resource leak.

Statement: This flaw requires specific timing conditions during TLS handshake failures with SUNRPC clients and the tlshd daemon. The impact is limited to socket resource leaks rather than memory corruption or code execution. Systems not using NFS with TLS (AUTH_TLS/RPC-over-TLS) are unaffected.

Remediation:
Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected process crash
CVE: CVE-2025-43425
Component: webkitgtk
CWE: CWE-119
Severity: Important
CVSS v3: 8.7/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Release date: 2025-11-20T00:00:00+00:00

A flaw was found in WebKitGTK. Processing malicious web content can cause an unexpected process crash due to improper memory handling.

Statement: To exploit this issue, an attacker needs to trick a user into processing or loading malicious web content. Due to this reason, this flaw has been rated with an important severity.
Additionally, this issue can cause an unexpected process crash but the possibility of remote code execution is not discarded.

Remediation:
Do not process or load untrusted web content with WebKitGTK.

In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, the following packages require WebKitGTK4: evolution-data-server, glade, gnome-boxes, gnome-initial-setup, gnome-online-accounts, gnome-shell, shotwell, sushi and yelp.

This vulnerability can only be exploited when these packages are installed in the system and being used via a graphical interface to process untrusted web content, via GNOME for example. In gnome-shell, the vulnerability can be exploited by an attacker from the local network without user interaction.

To mitigate this vulnerability, consider removing these packages. Note that some of these packages are required by GNOME, removing them will also remove GNOME and other packages, breaking functionality. However, the server can still be used via the terminal interface.

Additionally, WebKitGTK3 is not required by any package. Therefore, it can be removed without consequences or break of functionality.
Linux kernel KVM: Host system hard lockup due to periodic HV timer mishandling after VM inactivity
CVE: CVE-2025-71104
Component: kernel
CWE: CWE-681
Severity: Moderate
CVSS v3: 5.6/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Release date: 2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00

A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) component, specifically in its handling of the x86 periodic Hypervisor (HV) timer. A local user, by pausing or suspending a virtual machine (VM) for an extended duration, can trigger a scenario where the HV timer's target expiration falls into the past. This leads to KVM repeatedly attempting to program an expired timer, which can cause an overflow during time delta conversion and a switch to the software timer. Consequently, this results in a series of rapid timer expiration callbacks that can lead to a hard lockup, effectively causing a Denial of Service (DoS) on the host system.


Remediation:
WebAssembly wabt use after free
CVE: CVE-2025-6275
Component: wabt
CWE: CWE-416
Severity: Low
CVSS v3: 3.4/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Release date: 2025-06-19T19:31:06.618000+00:00

A use-after-free vulnerability has been discovered in WebAssembly's WebAssembly Binary Toolkit (wabt), specifically within the GetFuncOffset function. This flaw can be triggered by an attacker with local system access through the manipulation of input provided to this function. Successful exploitation of a use-after-free vulnerability can lead to memory corruption, allowing for arbitrary code execution or a denial of service condition.


Remediation:
Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.
net/sched: sch_cake: Fix incorrect qlen reduction in cake_drop
CVE: CVE-2025-68325
Component: kernel
Severity: None
Release date: 2025-12-18T00:00:00+00:00

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net/sched: sch_cake: Fix incorrect qlen reduction in cake_drop

In cake_drop(), qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog() is used to update the qlen
and backlog of the qdisc hierarchy. Its caller, cake_enqueue(), assumes
that the parent qdisc will enqueue the current packet. However, this
assumption breaks when cake_enqueue() returns NET_XMIT_CN: the parent
qdisc stops enqueuing current packet, leaving the tree qlen/backlog
accounting inconsistent. This mismatch can lead to a NULL dereference
(e.g., when the parent Qdisc is qfq_qdisc).

This patch computes the qlen/backlog delta in a more robust way by
observing the difference before and after the series of cake_drop()
calls, and then compensates the qdisc tree accounting if cake_enqueue()
returns NET_XMIT_CN.

To ensure correct compensation when ACK thinning is enabled, a new
variable is introduced to keep qlen unchanged.


Remediation:
firefox: Same-origin policy bypass in the Graphics: Canvas2D component
CVE: CVE-2025-9180
Component: thunderbird
CWE: CWE-200
Severity: Important
CVSS v3: 7.5/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Release date: 2025-08-19T20:33:54.532000+00:00

A flaw was found in Thunderbird and Firefox. The Mozilla Foundation's Security Advisory describes the following issue: Same-origin policy bypass in the Graphics: Canvas2D component.

Statement: Red Hat Product Security rates the severity of this flaw as determined by the Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory.

Remediation:
CVE: CVE-2025-0572
Component: Sante PACS Server Web Portal DCM File Parsing Directory Traversal Arbitrary File Write Vulnerability
Release date: 2025-01-20T13:11:08.804000+00:00

Sante PACS Server Web Portal DCM File Parsing Directory Traversal Arbitrary File Write Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to create arbitrary files on affected installations of Sante PACS Server. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of DCM files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied path prior to using it in file operations. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to write files in the context of the current user. Was ZDI-CAN-25308.

Statement: Red Hat Product Security has determined that this vulnerability does not affect any currently supported Red Hat product. This assessment may evolve based on further analysis and discovery. For more information about this vulnerability and the products it affects, please see the linked references.

Remediation:
net_sched: gen_estimator: fix est_timer() vs CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT=y
CVE: CVE-2025-39900
Component: kernel
CWE: CWE-362
Severity: Moderate
CVSS v3: 5.6/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Release date: 2025-10-01T00:00:00+00:00

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net_sched: gen_estimator: fix est_timer() vs CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT=y

syzbot reported a WARNING in est_timer() [1]

Problem here is that with CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT=y, timer callbacks
can be preempted.

Adopt preempt_disable_nested()/preempt_enable_nested() to fix this.

[1]
 WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 16 at ./include/linux/seqlock.h:221 __seqprop_assert include/linux/seqlock.h:221 [inline]
 WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 16 at ./include/linux/seqlock.h:221 est_timer+0x6dc/0x9f0 net/core/gen_estimator.c:93
Modules linked in:
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 16 Comm: ktimers/0 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT_{RT,(full)}
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/12/2025
 RIP: 0010:__seqprop_assert include/linux/seqlock.h:221 [inline]
 RIP: 0010:est_timer+0x6dc/0x9f0 net/core/gen_estimator.c:93
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
  call_timer_fn+0x17e/0x5f0 kernel/time/timer.c:1747
  expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1798 [inline]
  __run_timers kernel/time/timer.c:2372 [inline]
  __run_timer_base+0x648/0x970 kernel/time/timer.c:2384
  run_timer_base kernel/time/timer.c:2393 [inline]
  run_timer_softirq+0xb7/0x180 kernel/time/timer.c:2403
  handle_softirqs+0x22c/0x710 kernel/softirq.c:579
  __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:613 [inline]
  run_ktimerd+0xcf/0x190 kernel/softirq.c:1043
  smpboot_thread_fn+0x53f/0xa60 kernel/smpboot.c:160
  kthread+0x70e/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463
  ret_from_fork+0x3fc/0x770 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:148
  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:245
 </TASK>

Statement: On PREEMPT_RT kernels, est_timer() could be preempted while updating a seqcount, violating seqlock invariants and causing WARNs or inconsistent rate estimates.

Remediation:
staging: fbtft: fix potential memory leak in fbtft_framebuffer_alloc()
CVE: CVE-2025-38612
Component: kernel
Severity: None
Release date: 2025-08-19T00:00:00+00:00

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

staging: fbtft: fix potential memory leak in fbtft_framebuffer_alloc()

In the error paths after fb_info structure is successfully allocated,
the memory allocated in fb_deferred_io_init() for info->pagerefs is not
freed. Fix that by adding the cleanup function on the error path.


Remediation:
MLflow: Arbitrary command execution via unsanitized container image names
CVE: CVE-2025-14287
Component: mlflow
CWE: CWE-78
Severity: Important
CVSS v3: 7.9/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Release date: 2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00

A flaw was found in MLflow, a platform for managing the machine learning lifecycle. This vulnerability, known as command injection, allows an attacker to execute unauthorized commands on the system. By providing specially crafted input through the `--container` parameter, an attacker can bypass security checks and inject malicious code. This can lead to arbitrary command execution, potentially compromising the integrity and confidentiality of the affected system.


Remediation:
net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock
CVE: CVE-2025-40120
Component: kernel
CWE: CWE-833
Severity: Moderate
CVSS v3: 4.7/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Release date: 2025-11-12T00:00:00+00:00

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock

Prevent USB runtime PM (autosuspend) for AX88772* in bind.

usbnet enables runtime PM (autosuspend) by default, so disabling it via
the usb_driver flag is ineffective. On AX88772B, autosuspend shows no
measurable power saving with current driver (no link partner, admin
up/down). The ~0.453 W -> ~0.248 W drop on v6.1 comes from phylib powering
the PHY off on admin-down, not from USB autosuspend.

The real hazard is that with runtime PM enabled, ndo_open() (under RTNL)
may synchronously trigger autoresume (usb_autopm_get_interface()) into
asix_resume() while the USB PM lock is held. Resume paths then invoke
phylink/phylib and MDIO, which also expect RTNL, leading to possible
deadlocks or PM lock vs MDIO wake issues.

To avoid this, keep the device runtime-PM active by taking a usage
reference in ax88772_bind() and dropping it in unbind(). A non-zero PM
usage count blocks runtime suspend regardless of userspace policy
(.../power/control - pm_runtime_allow/forbid), making this approach
robust against sysfs overrides.

Holding a runtime-PM usage ref does not affect system-wide suspend;
system sleep/resume callbacks continue to run as before.

Statement: This bug in the ASIX USB Ethernet driver is a runtime power-management locking issue. Because usbnet enables autosuspend by default, bringing an AX88772* interface up under RTNL may synchronously trigger a runtime resume while the USB PM lock is held. The resume path then calls phylink/phylib and MDIO helpers which also expect RTNL, creating a possible PM-lock vs RTNL/MDIO deadlock and causing the network device (or system) to hang.

Remediation: