huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What made the Timoto-cuicas so advanced?
Answer: agricultural techniques used
Question: What remains a controversy regarding how to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas?
Answer: The Native American name
Question: How may subsets of peoples be named?
Answer: shared language, region, or historical relationship
Question: Many of what have been used to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas?
Answer: English exonyms
Question: Who used foreign language terms to give names to indigenous peoples?
Answer: earlier explorers and colonists
Question: Why were pejorative terms sometimes used for the native populations?
Answer: out of prejudice and fear
Question: What have the peoples in the Americas been more vocal about since the 20th century?
Answer: the ways they wish to be referred to
Question: What terms do the indigenous people press to eliminate?
Answer: obsolete, inaccurate, or racist.
Question: Who initially proposed using the term "Native American" to recognize the primacy of the native population?
Answer: United States government
Question: What naming convention is accepted by all indigenous groups?
Answer: none
Question: Where has there been a rise of indigenous movements in recent years?
Answer: the Americas (mainly South America)
Question: What do the organizing groups hope to obtain for themselves?
Answer: preservation of their culture
Question: What is an example of a movement which is working to obtain rights for Amazonian populations everywhere?
Answer: Indian Council of South America
Question: Where can similar movements for indigenous rights be seen?
Answer: Canada and the United States,
Question: Who started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change?
Answer: Representatives
Question: What did the meeting condemn plans by the Europeans to do?
Answer: destabilize the country
Question: What did the forum express for Morales and his proposed changes?
Answer: solidarity
Question: What did the forum question about US interference?
Answer: diplomats and NGOs
Question: What was the forum suspicious of?
Answer: plots against Bolivia and other countries
Question: What does the genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas primarily focus on?
Answer: Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups
Question: How is Y-DNA passed along?
Answer: patrilineal line
Question: Which type of DNA is passed from the mother to offspring of both genders?
Answer: mtDNA
Question: What is the only way that Y-DNA and mtDNA change?
Answer: chance mutation
Question: What is AtDNA generally only used to measure?
Answer: average continent-of-ancestry
Question: Who have studies of the mtDNA of Turkic-speaking peoples shown they're closest to genetically?
Answer: Amerindians
Question: What group were the ancestors of the American Indians separated from?
Answer: Asian population
Question: When did the ancestors of the American Indians separate from their parent population?
Answer: Middle Paleolithic
Question: When did research find evidence for a common ancestry between Native Americans and Altaians?
Answer: 2012
Question: What DNA analysis indicated the common ancestry of the Native Americans?
Answer: mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome
Question: How long of a layover did the human nomads have in Beringia?
Answer: 15,000 to 20,000-year
Question: What do the diversity and distributions of Y lineage specific to South America indicate about certain peoples there?
Answer: isolated since the initial colonization of the region
Question: What population has mtDNA and atDNA mutations, making them distinct from other indigenous peoples of the Americas?
Answer: Alaskan
Question: What does the DNA evidence suggest about the migrants into the northern extremes of North America?
Answer: later migrant populations
Question: When was a study about the DNA of a young boy published in Nature?
Answer: 2013
Question: How old was the young boy's remains?
Answer: 24,000-year-old
Question: What culture was the boy from?
Answer: Mal'ta-Buret'
Question: What may one-third of the indigenous Americans ancestry be traced back to?
Answer: western Eurasians
Question: What percent of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from the Mal'ta-Buret' population?
Answer: 14 to 38 percent
Question: What is more likely than the Solutrean hypothesis?
Answer: route through Beringia
Question: What supports a scenario of dual origin for Paleo-Indians?
Answer: similarities in ages and geographical distributions
Question: What is C4c deeply rooted in the Asian portion of?
Answer: the mtDNA phylogeny
Question: When did Kashani and others make their statement regarding the similarities for C4c distributions?
Answer: 2012
Question: Because C4c and X2a are characterized by parallel genetic histories means what controversial hypothesis may be dismissed?
Answer: an Atlantic glacial entry route into North America
Question: What spectrum of light is red within?
Answer: visible light
Question: Which color is opposite of red on the visible spectrum?
Answer: violet
Question: On the spectrum of light, where is red found?
Answer: 620–740 nanometres
Question: What color is beside red in the visible spectrum of light?
Answer: orange
Question: Red Yellow and Blue are what kind of colors?
Answer: subtractive primary colors
Question: What is the color opposite orange and next to violet on the spectrum of visible light?
Question: What has a predominant light wavelength of 640-720 nanometres?
Question: What does RBG stand for?
Question: What does hemoglobin contain?
Answer: iron
Question: What causes the color of hematite and red ochre?
Answer: iron oxide
Question: Why does a sky turn red when the evening comes?
Answer: Rayleigh scattering
Question: What pigment is responsible for the color of leaves in fall?
Answer: anthocyanins
Question: Where does hemoglobin come from?
Question: What is the Grand Canyon considered a form of?
Question: What effect is responsible for the red color of Mars?
Question: What are the pigments in the red sky called?
Question: What percent of the population has red lips?
Question: During what period did people use Kermes vermilio to make red dye?
Answer: Neolithic Period
Question: What does Kermes vermilio eat to survive?
Answer: the sap of certain trees, especially Kermes oak trees
Question: From where did Romans acquire Kermes?
Answer: Spain
Question: What kind of bural was at Adaoutse, Bouches-du-Rhône?
Answer: Neolithic cave-burial
Question: What was the earliest known writing about dye from Aermenian cochineal?
Answer: 8th century BC
Question: How was Kermes made in the 8th century BC?
Question: The insects only live on what tree in the Mediterranean?
Question: Where have jars of Kermes been found in Adoutse caves?
Question: Who imported Kermes oak trees from the Romans?
Question: What was mentioed in the 8th century?
Question: In which book of the Bible did God reference gifts of Blue Purple and Scarlet?
Answer: the Book of Exodus
Question: What does coccumque bis tinctum translate to in english?
Answer: colored twice with coccus
Question: In ancient greek, what is coccus referred to as?
Answer: Kokkos
Question: What does Kokkos mean in english?
Answer: a tiny grain
Question: In what century did the latin vulgate bible use the term coccumque bis tinctum?
Answer: 4th century
Question: Who did Moses instruct to bring him cloth?
Question: What color cloth did Moses have the Israelites bring him?
Question: What does tinctum bis coccumque translate to?
Question: What Greek word does Kokkos derive from?
Question: When did Egyptians start to make red pigment?
Answer: 4000 BC
Question: What pigment was used for male skin tone in ancient wall art?
Answer: Red ochre
Question: What root did Egyptians use to source their red pigment alizarin?
Answer: the rubia
Question: What type of palette was found in Tutankhamun's tomb?
Answer: ivory painter's palette
Question: What dye did the Egyptians make using the madder plant?
Answer: alizarin
Question: What did a prayer to God say in regard to the color red?
Question: Who began manufacturing pigments in about 400 BC?
Question: What color was widely used for wall paintings by ivory painters?
Question: Who used the white alizarin to make crimson pigment?
Question: Which color was said to be the Emperor's color in ancient Rome?
Answer: Tyrian purple
Question: At what time were togas with red were worn by Romans?
Answer: holidays
Question: What is a flammeum?
Answer: a red shawl
Question: What color was correlated with the Army in ancient Rome?
Answer: Red
Question: After what event would a general of the Roman army be painted red?
Answer: triumph
Question: What was the color of the emperor in Ancient Tryian?
Question: What are the red stripes on togas called?
Question: What were the red tunics worn by Roman soldiers called?
Question: Where were the gold letters SQRP found?
Question: What pigment was used to paint villas in ancient Rome?
Answer: vermilion
Question: From where did vermilion originate?
Answer: the mineral cinnabar
Question: Cinnabar is an ore of what metal?
Answer: mercury
Question: What mines did Romans use to acquire cinnabar?
Answer: Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain
Question: Along with slaves, who was sent to work in cinnabar mines in Rome?
Answer: prisoners
Question: What color were Roman villas painted?
Question: What was the pigment called that was used for the painting of Roman villas?
Question: What is Mercury a common ore of?
Question: What city is southwest of Almaden?
Question: In what year did cardinals in the Roman Catholic church start wearing red?
Answer: 1295
Question: When was Saint Denis Basilica rebuilt?
Answer: 12th century
Question: Who rebuilt the basilica of Saint Denis?
Answer: Abbe Suger
Question: Christ and which other Christian figure were often painted red in medieval painting?
Answer: Virgin Mary
Question: Who wore red shoes as a symbol of authority?
Question: What began in 1259?
Question: What did Suger Abbe rebuild?
Question: What did Suger Abbe add to the Saint Denis Basilica?
Question: On what occasion would townspeople wear red?
Answer: holidays
Question: What root was used for red clothing owned by commoners?
Answer: rubia tinctorum
Question: Outside of sun exposure in what circumstance did pigment made from rubia tinctorum fade?
Answer: during washing
Question: What was carmine made from?
Answer: the carminic acid in tiny female scale insects
Question: What trees are found only in the Mediterranean?
Question: Where in Europe are kermes only found?
Question: What brick color is produced by kermes?
Question: What causes kermes dye to fade easily?
Question: What element was red associated with in Chinese philosophy?
Answer: fire
Question: At the time of the Han dynasty where would one fine the color Red?
Answer: all court ceremonies
Question: In the time of the Ming Dynasty one would find what color used during sacrificial offerings?
Answer: Red
Question: Outside of Fire and Earth, what three other elements did Chinese philosophers say the world was composed from?
Answer: metal, wood, water
Question: What is the color of Chinese philosophy?
Question: What five elements is the world made of according to the Ming dynasty?
Question: What color was associated with water?
Question: Which number of ranks wore purple clothing in the Song dynasty?
Answer: three
Question: What color did sixth rank Song dynasty officials wear?
Answer: green
Question: What ranks in the Song dynasty wore blue?
Answer: eighth and ninth
Question: What dynasty took place from 909-1276?
Question: What did the Song dynasty say about an official who had talent?
Question: What officials of the top three ranks wore bright red?
Question: What officials of the fourth and fifth rank wore purple?
Question: who wrote A dream of Red Mansions?
Answer: Cao Xueqin
Question: During what years was Cao Xueqin alive?
Answer: 1715–1763
Question: Who painted the walls of the Forbidden city red after the fall of the Ming dynasty?
Answer: Qing Dynasty
Question: In late Chinese dynasties red was used only on what kind of architecture?
Answer: temples and imperial residences
Question: What did Xueqin Cao write?
Question: When was Xueqin Cao alive?
Question: Who did the Ming ruler conquer?
Question: What was Xueqin Cao's book about?
Question: What plant was used to make the most used red dye in Venice?
Answer: Rubia
Question: Which group in Europe used Kermes dye?
Answer: the wealthy
Question: The wealthiest in Europe used what red dye?
Answer: Polish Cochineal
Question: What dye was known as the Blood of Saint John?
Answer: Kermes vermilio
Question: The Blood of Saint John was made from an insect, which one?
Answer: Margodes polonicus
Question: What was the Venice plant used to make?
Question: How was the finest red of Kermes vermilio made?
Question: What city was rubia used to make dyes for the wealthy?
Question: What insect was found in Persia?
Question: In what century did a new kind of red pigment arrive in Europe from the Aztec Empire?
Answer: 16th
Question: Which conquistador from Spain conquered the Aztec Empire?
Answer: Hernán Cortés
Question: During what years was the Aztec Empire conquered?
Answer: 1519-1521
Question: How often could the Mexican cochineal be harvested?
Answer: several times a year
Question: In what year did Cortes send the first cochineal to Spain?
Answer: 1523
Question: What Aztec conquistador conquered the Spanish Empire?
Question: What happened in 1519?
Question: Who conquered the Spanish Empire in 1519-1521?
Question: Who sent the first shipment to Spain in 1532?
Question: What happened in 1532?
Question: What was kermes lake made from?
Answer: kermes insects
Question: What was madder lake made from?
Answer: rubia tinctorum plant
Question: What did Renaissance painters call the pigment made from cochineal?
Answer: carmine
Question: During what century did carmine start to see use?
Answer: 15th
Question: What would to the carmine pigment if not used diligently?
Answer: change color
Question: What was used by all painters?
Question: Who were the great painters of the 15th century?
Question: What 16th century painters used carmine?
Question: What did J.W.M Turner use?
Question: What kind of cap did the Jacobins wear?
Answer: red Phrygian cap, or liberty cap
Question: Women with red caps crowded around guillotines during the Reign of Terror to do what?
Answer: celebrate
Question: During what years did the Reign of Terror take place?
Answer: 1792 and 1793
Question: Who was Saint Denis?
Answer: Christian martyr and patron saint of Paris
Question: What became a symbol of liberty during the Phrygian Revolution?
Question: What did red become a symbol of during the Phrygian Revolution?
Question: Who used red as a symbol of liberty and personal freedom during the Phrygian Revolution?
Question: When did the Terror Reign take place?
Question: What colors did France go back to during the Reign of Terror?
Question: In what years did Turkey red begin to be used to dye cotton in England?
Answer: the 1740s
Question: What did turkey red get its color from?
Answer: madder
Question: What other pigment was Turkey red compared to?
Answer: carmine
Question: In what century did quilts in America commonly use Turkey red?
Answer: 19th
Question: What was red known as in Turkey?
Question: What popular color was imported from France in the 18th century?
Question: What began in 1740?
Question: What was cotton widely used for in 19th century Europe?
Question: In which century did color theory begin to be systematically studied?
Answer: 19th
Question: Who painted the Night Cafe?
Answer: Vincent van Gogh
Question: In what year was The Night Cafe painted?
Answer: 1888
Question: What was the name of vincent van Gogh's brother?
Answer: Theo
Question: What occurred when red and green were put next to one another?
Answer: red and green reinforced each other
Question: What century saw red to only imitate nature?
Question: Who did Theo write to in 1888?
Question: What did Theo write to Van Gogh about human passions in 1888?
Question: Who painted the Cafe Night?
Question: Placing red and green next to each other causes their color to be what?
Answer: strengthened
Question: What color did Matisse say could penetate ones soul?
Answer: blue
Question: What color did Matisse claim would impact ones blood pressure?
Answer: red
Question: What part in the paintings of Matisse did color play?
Answer: the central element
Question: Who was the first to make color the central element of the painting?
Question: What theory did Matisse say his choice of colors was based on?
Question: Who was the first 20th century artist to use color for feelings?
Question: In what year did Rothko donate Passion of Christ murals?
Answer: 1962
Question: To whom did Rothko donate Passion of Christ murals?
Answer: Harvard University
Question: What organic reds did Rothko use in the Passion of Christ murals?
Answer: Naphtol and Lithol
Question: In what year had the Passion of Christ murals by Rothko end up ruined?
Answer: 1979
Question: What was the result of the change in color in the Rothko Passion of the Christ murals?
Answer: ruined and had to be taken down
Question: What year were synthetic pigments first used?
Question: Who first used synthetic pigments in 1962?
Question: What university did Rothko attend?
Question: How were pigments like red lake created?
Answer: mixing organic dyes
Question: What was red lake composed of?
Answer: insects or plants, with white chalk or alum
Question: What was the source of color in Red lac?
Answer: the dark red resinous substance secreted by various scale insects
Question: The Laccifer lacca was crucial to making what pigment?
Answer: Red lac
Question: What color lake pigments were made from minerals?
Question: What was made from red gum?
Question: What continent is Laccifer lacca found on?
Question: What country was carmine found?
Question: What color light is created when one mixes red, green, and blue?
Answer: white
Question: The RGB color model has three colors in it that are described as what kind of colors?
Answer: additive primary colors
Question: Which era did Cennino Cennini actively paint in?
Answer: the Renaissance
Question: What colors are used to create purple on a computer screen?
Answer: red and blue
Question: What RBG stand for?
Question: What colors are in the RBG model?
Question: What color did Cennini Cennino make?
Question: When did Cennini Cennino make violet?
Question: Over what numerical scale is color measured on a computer screen?
Answer: zero to 255,
Question: What is the total number of possible sRGB colors?
Answer: 16,777,216
Question: What is the number used to indicate pure red in sRGB?
Answer: 255, 00, 00
Question: Crimson is identified by what sRGB number?
Answer: 220, 20, 60
Question: What is an sRBG?
Question: What is measure on a scale from 0 to 525?
Question: What are there 16,777,126 of?
Question: What color has an sRGB number of 250, 05, 00?
Question: What color has an sRBG number of 220, 20, 60?
Question: What type of scattering is responsible for the shift in the color of sunlight?
Answer: Rayleigh
Question: What occurs to colors of short wavelengths in Rayleigh scattering?
Answer: scatter more strongly
Question: What is the effect on blue and green light experiencing Rayleigh scattering during sunrise?
Answer: removed almost completely
Question: In comparison to blue and green, what would describe the wavelength of orange or red light?
Answer: longer
Question: Why does white sunlight travel through the atmosphere?
Question: How do colors with longer wavelengths scatter?
Question: What colors have a longer wavelength than orange and red?
Question: What colors have shorter wavelengths than blue and green?
Question: In what year did a red helium-neon laser come to be?
Answer: 1962
Question: What type of laser is used in a LaserDisc player?
Answer: Red helium–neon
Question: What type of laser diode is used in a DVD player?
Answer: a 660 nm laser
Question: What type of laser is used in Raman spectroscopy?
Answer: 671 nm diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) lasers
Question: What was invented in 1906?
Question: What was invented in 1926?
Question: What uses a 606 nm laser diode technology?
Question: What have been introduced with a 617 nm diode-pumped solid state?
Question: What does DSPS stand for?
Question: What causes sugar created by chlorophyll to breakdown?
Answer: phosphate
Question: Where does phosphate within a leaf move in the fall?
Answer: the stem of the plant
Question: What is created in fall when phosphates retreat to the stems of plants?
Answer: anthocyanin pigments
Question: What occurs in bright light to leaves during fall?
Answer: greater the production of anthocyanins
Question: What does chlorophyll have a vital role in breaking down?
Question: What moves from the leaf into the stem during the summer?
Question: What does the chloropyll breakdown process lead to?
Question: What leads to the production of anthocyanin chlorophyll pigments?
Question: What pigment accounts for the majority of color in red hair?
Answer: pheomelanin
Question: There is another part of the face which gets its red color from the pigment pheomelanin, what is it?
Answer: the lips
Question: Aside from pheomelanin what color pigment contributes to red hair?
Answer: eumelanin
Question: In what year can the earliest used of redhead be traced to?
Answer: 1510
Question: What type of temper are people with red hair considered to have?
Answer: fiery
Question: How does copper hair vary?
Question: Copper color is characterized by what?
Question: What was hede redd the original term for?
Question: What has been in use since 1015?
Question: In alpha male mandrills what party of the body is most red according to their rank?
Answer: the face
Question: Wearing red is connected to what result in humans, in terms of sport?
Answer: increased performance
Question: In what sport have judges been shown to favor athletes wearing red?
Answer: tae kwon do
Question: What is the effect of exposing a human to red when it comes to cognitive skills?
Answer: decreases performance
Question: The amount of red in mandrill males is directly related to levels of what?
Answer: testosterone
Question: What are blue shapes most likely to win?
Question: What does exposure to red increase performance in?
Question: What has wearing blue been linked with?
Question: What can blue affect the perception of by others?
Question: Why did the Popes of the middle ages wear red?
Answer: to symbolize the blood of Christ and the Christian martyrs
Question: What was depicted on the banners of Christians in the First crusade?
Answer: a red cross on a white field
Question: What is the cross on the banners used during the First Crusade known as?
Answer: St. George's Cross
Question: Who was Saint George believed to be?
Answer: a Roman soldier
Question: Why is the color red worn in the Catholic Church?
Question: What was the banner of the Catholic soldiers in the First Crusade?
Question: What is the Catholic cross of the First Crusade called?
Question: Who was Saint George according to Catholic tradition?
Question: What cross became the Roman flag in the 16th century?
Question: Who was Saint Valentine?
Answer: a Roman Catholic Bishop or priest
Question: In which century did Saint Valentine's day become connected with lovers?
Answer: 14th
Question: In what kind of countries is the celebration of Valentine's day forbidden?
Answer: Islamic
Question: Which nation forbade the sale of Valentine's Day products in 2002 and 2011?
Answer: Saudi Arabia
Question: Who was martyred in about 269 AD?
Question: Where was Saint Valentine's Day condemned in 2002?
Question: What type of holiday does China consider Saint Valentine's Day to be?
Question: When did Japan begin to celebrate Saint Valentine's Day?
Question: What color gowns are generally worn by recent Doctors of Philosophy at Oxford?
Answer: Scarlet
Question: What good traits is the color red associated with in China?
Answer: good fortune and prosperity
Question: In what century did Saint Nicholas become the influence for red being worn by Santa Claus?
Answer: 4th
Question: Who was Saint Nicholas?
Answer: the Greek Christian Bishop of Myra
Question: In what nation is Myra?
Answer: Turkey
Question: What color to brides wear in Christian countries?
Question: Who was the 4th century Santa Claus in Turkey?
Question: What color gowns are worn on red carpets?
Question: What do all Doctors of Philosophy wear?
Question: What did a red flag signal in the Middle Ages?
Answer: defenders of a town or castle would fight to defend it
Question: What was the importance of a red flag flown by a warship in the Middle Ages?
Answer: they would show no mercy to their enemy
Question: Which British law forbade cars from following a bearer of a red flag as a warning to horse drawn vehicles?
Answer: the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896
Question: Under what circimstance is a red flag flown in auto racing?
Answer: if there is danger to the drivers
Question: What is a football player shown before being ejected from a match?
Answer: a red penalty card
Question: What did the Highway Act of 1869 abolish?
Question: What does a red flag signify in football?
Question: What did motor cars have to follow in the Middle Ages?
Question: In what city did the standardization of red as a color of stop lights occur?
Answer: Vienna
Question: In what year did nations standardize on red as a color for stop lights?
Answer: 1968
Question: At what event did the color red become the standard color of stop lights?
Answer: Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968
Question: Red is the color of stoplights due to its universal affiliation with what?
Answer: danger and warning
Question: At what time is red at its brightest?
Answer: daytime
Question: What took place in 1986?
Question: What was standardized as the international color at the Vienna Road Signs Convention?
Question: What color next to red is the brightest in the daytime?
Question: What is orange considered during twilight?
Question: In what way is red used in contemporary fashion?
Answer: to attract the eyes of the viewer to the person
Question: What is the main impact of people wearing red as it relates to the perception of distance?
Answer: People wearing red seem to be closer
Question: Why do monarchs sometimes wear red?
Answer: to be visible from a distance in a crowd
Question: Some professions require employees to wear red because it allows them to be what?
Answer: easily found
Question: What older period was red used in fashion?
Question: What color causes people to be seen as further away even though distance is the same?
Question: What color is used in modern fashion so the person can be easily found?
Question: What prominent people do not wear red because they can be easily found in a crowd?
Question: How many heads did the scarlet beast which a woman sat on have?
Answer: seven heads
Question: The horned scarlet beast that a woman sat on had how many horns?
Answer: ten
Question: What kind of cup did the woman on the scarlet horned beast have?
Answer: golden
Question: What was on the forehead of the woman on the scarlet horned beast?
Answer: a name
Question: Outside of the blood of the saints, on what did the woman on the scarlet horned beast become drunken?
Answer: the blood of the martyrs of Jesus
Question: What had seven horns?
Question: What had ten heads?
Question: Where was "Mother the Great, Babylon of Harlots" written on the woman?
Question: What season is red identified with in China?
Answer: summer
Question: Red paper is used to wrap gifts of money during what special celebration in China?
Answer: Chinese New Year
Question: Who wrote the Little Red Book?
Answer: Chairman Mao Tse-Tung
Question: In what year was the Little Red Book published?
Answer: 1966
Question: What does red signify in southern cultural traditions?
Question: What is hong bao the Cantonese word for?
Question: What is lai see the Mandarin word for?
Question: What does PCR stand for?
Question: Who does the Red Little Book quote?
Question: What central African warriors are said to cover themselves in red for celebrations?
Answer: Ndembu warriors
Question: What does the Ndembu culture believe red symbolizes?
Answer: life and health
Question: What color do the Ndembu believe is better than red?
Answer: white
Question: What alternative colors does the Red Cross use in certain parts of Africa?
Answer: green and white
Question: What warriors in Africa rub themselves with red paint during celebrations?
Question: How is red seen in Africa?
Question: What color did the Red Cross change to in Central Africa?
Question: What color are sick people painted with in Africa?
Question: When did the Cincinnati Red Stockings come to be?
Answer: 1869
Question: What team did the Cincinnati Red Stockings become?
Answer: the Atlanta Braves
Question: What political movment was red identified with in the 1950s?
Answer: communism
Question: What name did the Cincinnati Red Stockings become known as for a time in the 1950s?
Answer: Redlegs
Question: Where did the Cincinnati Red Stockings move after leaving Cincinnati?
Answer: Boston
Question: What is the oldest professional baseball team dating back to 1896?
Question: What dates back to 1896?
Question: Where did the 1896 Cincinnati Red Stockings relocate to?
Question: What year was red associated with communism?
Question: What color are the Anaheim Angels known for?
Question: What is the nickname given to A.C. Milan?
Answer: i rossoneri
Question: What has to occur for a player in association football to be shown a red penalty card?
Answer: a serious infraction
Question: What occurs when a player in association football is shown a red penalty card?
Answer: the player is immediately disqualified from further play
Question: How is an association football team impacted when a player is shown a red penalty card?
Answer: his team must continue with one less player for the game's duration
Question: What association football teams wear all red jerseys?
Question: What other sports teams wear all red jerseys?
Question: What color card is given for an infraction?
Question: In Christian nations what does the color red often become associated with?
Answer: Christ's blood
Question: What cross is on the British flag?
Answer: the cross of Saint George
Question: As it relates to England, who is Saint George?
Answer: patron saint of England
Question: Which US armed force uses red as the main color of its flag?
Answer: the United States Marine Corps
Question: In terms of a beach, why might one see a red flag?
Answer: bad water conditions
Question: What is the most common color used on national flags?
Question: What colors do all former British colonies use on their flags?
Question: What color do all of the former colonies of Spain have on their flag?
Question: What color is prominently featured in the flag of the United States Corps Marines?
Question: What colors are on the Spanish Navy flag?
Question: When did the Slavic solidarity movement choose red blue and white as their colors?
Answer: the late nineteenth century
Question: In what year did the nation of George get a new national flag?
Answer: 2004
Question: What is in the middle of the Georgian flag?
Answer: one big red cross
Question: How many small crosses are on the Georgian flag?
Answer: four
Question: What were the Pan-Slavic colors originally?
Answer: the colors of the Russian flag
Question: What colors were adopted by the Pan solidarity movement?
Question: When did the Pan solidarity movement take place?
Question: Why do Georgia and Poland use red on their flags?
Question: What color flag did the Czech Republic adopt in 2004?
Question: During what time period did the German Empire use the colors red white and black?
Answer: 1870 to 1918
Question: What did red white and black become associated with in Germany?
Answer: German nationalism
Question: In what era did red white and black become part of the Nazi flag?
Answer: 1920s
Question: Red was chosen as part of the Nazi flag to do what?
Answer: attract attention
Question: Whose design was the Nazi flag?
Answer: Hitler's personal design
Question: What were the colors of the German Empire from 1818 to 1970?
Question: What flag were the colors black, red, and white associated with in 1920?
Question: Who explained the colors in Kampf Mein?
Question: What workers was the social program of the Germans aimed at?
Question: After the demise of what was the red flag linked to the French Revolution?
Answer: Bastille
Question: On what date was the Garde Nationale empowered to hoist a red flag to signal their intervention in a riot?
Answer: October 20, 1789
Question: On what date did the Garde Nationale kill as many as fifty people on Champs de Mars?
Answer: July 17, 1791
Question: Who wrote the words "Against us they have raised the bloody flag of tyranny?"
Answer: Rouget de Lisle
Question: In what year did the most ardent revolutionaries in France adopt a red flag to symbolize the blood of their fallen comrades?
Answer: 1790
Question: What appeared after the Bastille Revolution?
Question: What did an October 20, 1879 law state?
Question: What happened during a 1971 demonstration?
Question: What did Lisle de Rouget write?
Question: What began in 1709?
Question: Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?
Answer: Karl Marx
Question: The French Revolution resulted in the fall of which monarch?
Answer: Louis Philippe
Question: When did the 19th century workers of Paris construct barricades and hoist red flags to protest their new government?
Answer: June 1848
Question: Who was tasked with stopping the late 19th century worker uprisings in France?
Answer: the French Army
Question: What did Karl Marx publish in 1884?
Question: Who published the Communist Manifesto in 1884?
Question: What did Paris workers do in June 1488?
Question: After Paris was seized as a result of the Franco-Prussian war, what did revolutionaries and workers create?
Answer: the Paris Commune
Question: For how long did the Paris Commune exist?
Answer: two months
Question: Next to whom was a a Paris Commune banner placed?
Answer: Vladimir Lenin
Question: In what year did people of the French Communist party go to Moscow to give the Soviet government a Paris Commune banner?
Answer: 1921
Question: Who did the French Army defeat in 1870?
Question: What war did the French Army defeat the Germans in?
Question: In the USA red states are known to do what, in terms of politics?
Answer: vote for Republican candidates in presidential elections
Question: In the United States states that vote for Democratic presidential candidates are known as what?
Answer: blue states
Question: How many days did the recount after the 2000 US election last for?
Answer: 39
Question: In what year did the concept of red and blue states become relatively fixed?
Answer: 2000
Question: In 2000, what did commentators refer to as blue states?
Question: What lasted 93 days in 2000?
Question: What happened in 2000 causing a 93 day ordeal?
Question: The Community Party of China gained power in China, what year did it happen?
Answer: 1949
Question: Who was the Party leader of the Communist Party of China when it took power?
Answer: Mao Zedong
Question: In terms of the Communist Party of China, what is "The East is Red?"
Answer: the Party anthem
Question: How many members does the contemporary Communist Part of China have?
Answer: eighty million members
Question: What was founded in 1902?
Question: What flag was adopted by China in 1920?
Question: Who took power of China in 1994?
Question: What did the party anthem become under Zedong Mao?
Question: What has eighty members?
Question: What did the biggest star on the flag of China in 1949 represent?
Answer: the Communist Party
Question: In the mid 20th century the flag of Laos was primarily what color?
Answer: red
Question: What does the red color in the Nepalese flag represent?
Answer: the national flower
Question: In what year during the 20th century did the Chinese flag become red?
Answer: 1949
Question: Which group gained power in China in 1949?
Answer: the Communist Party of China
Question: Who took power in China in 1994?
Question: What flag symbolizing China was displayed in 1949?
Question: What happened in 1950?
Question: What country decided to keep their old flag in 1960?
Question: What 2 continents meet at Egypt?
Answer: Africa and southwest corner of Asia
Question: What land bridge between Asian and Africa?
Answer: Sinai Peninsula
Question: How larger is Egypt?
Answer: 1,010,408 square kilometres
Question: What Sea borders Egypt to the east?
Answer: Red Sea
Question: What country borders Egypt to the south?
Answer: Sudan
Question: Why is Egypt considered a cradle of civilisation?
Answer: earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government
Question: What were some of Egypt's foreign influences?
Answer: Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European
Question: What are iconic monumuents of Egypt?
Answer: Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx
Question: In what century were islamic conquests of Egypt?
Answer: seventh century
Question: What is the rank of Egypt popultaion among African nations?
Answer: third-most populous in Africa
Question: Majority of Egypt people live near what river?
Answer: Nile River
Question: What desert constitutes most of Egypt territory?
Answer: Sahara desert
Question: What leader stepped down in 2011?
Answer: President Hosni Mubarak
Question: What party rose to power after 2011 resignation of Egypt leader?
Answer: Muslim Brotherhood
Question: What economic sectors does Egypt have?
Answer: tourism, agriculture, industry and services
Question: What influence does Egypt have?
Answer: cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world
Question: What is the Hebrew name for Egypt?
Answer: מִצְרַיִם
Question: What is the oldest term for Egypt?
Answer: Akkadian
Question: What does the oldest know term for Egypt translate to?
Answer: "border" or "frontier".
Question: During 6000 BC what area was occupied by a Neolithic culture?
Answer: Nile Valley
Question: What culture succeeded the Naqada culture?
Answer: Badarian culture
Question: When is the earliest hieroglyghics date back?
Answer: 3200 BC
Question: How long did cultures coexist in lower Egypt?
Answer: more than two thousand years
Question: How long was the upheval of the first Intermediate period?
Answer: 150 years
Question: In 1650 BC Lower Egypt was control by what invaders?
Answer: Hyksos
Question: What new capital was founded in 1650, lower Egypt?
Answer: Avaris
Question: What was the first foreign ruling dynasty of Egypt?
Answer: Semitic Hyksos
Question: What year were the New Kingdom in control?
Answer: 1550–1070 BC
Question: What dynasty maked the rise of Egypt as international power?
Answer: Eighteenth Dynasty
Question: Who were some well known Pharaohs of the New Kindom?
Answer: Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti, Tutankhamun and Ramesses II
Question: Who were some of the invaders to Egypt during the New Kingdom?
Answer: Libyans, Nubians and Assyrians
Question: Who took control of Egypt in 525 BC?
Answer: Achaemenid Persians
Question: What pharaoh was captured by the group led by Camyses II?
Answer: Psamtik III
Question: From where did Camyses II rule Egypt?
Answer: Susa in Persia
Question: What was the duration of the 27th dynasty of Egypt?
Answer: 525 BC to 402 BC,
Question: What were the reaches of the Ptolemaic Kingdom?
Answer: Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia
Question: What was the capital in the Prolemaic Kingdom?
Answer: Alexandria
Question: What were leaders known as during Ptolemaic Kingdom?
Answer: Pharaohs
Question: What religious life was the Ptolemaic Kingdom?
Answer: Egyptian
Question: Who was last ruler of Ptolemaic Kingdom?
Answer: Cleopatra VII
Question: Who captured Alexandria, ending Ptolemaic rule?
Answer: Octavian
Question: How did Mark Anthony's love die?
Answer: suicide
Question: What culture annexed Egypt?
Answer: Rome
Question: What war gave Sasanin Persians control of Egypt?
Answer: Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628
Question: How long were Sasanin Persians ruling Egypt?
Answer: ten years
Question: What religion did Arabs bring to Egypt?
Answer: Sunni Islam
Question: In what 2 ways was Army improved?
Answer: strengthening it with numbers and in skill
Question: Why did military use barracks?
Answer: to avoid distraction of their growth
Question: What traits grew among military men that helped Ali maintain rule?
Answer: nationalism and pride
Question: Who partnered with Egypt to build Suez Canal?
Answer: French
Question: In what year did Egypt sell its portion of Suez Canal?
Answer: 1875
Question: To whom did Egypt sell its interest in Suez Canal?
Answer: British Government
Question: Who sold Egypt's portion of Suez?
Answer: Ismail
Question: What system of government was constitution based on?
Answer: parliamentary system
Question: Who was elected in 1924?
Answer: Saad Zaghlul
Question: Who succeeded King Farouk?
Answer: his son Fuad
Question: How long did British military presence remain in Egypt?
Answer: 1954
Question: What was the sovereign union with Syria known?
Answer: United Arab Republic
Question: How long did the union with Syria last?
Answer: 1961
Question: Who warned of impending Israeli attack on Syria in May 1967?
Answer: Soviet Union i
Question: How many steps did Nasser take in preparation for war?
Answer: three successive steps
Question: On what day did Nasser state "The battle will be a general one and our basic objective will be to destroy Israel?"
Answer: 23 May
Question: How many rich, upper class were in Egypt in 1950s?
Answer: less than half a million
Question: How many middle class were in Egypt in 1950s
Answer: four million
Question: How many lower class were in Egypt in 1950s
Answer: 17 million
Question: What professions made up the buld on middle class under Nasser?
Answer: Doctors, engineers, teachers, lawyers, journalists
Question: What direction did the Egypt economy take in the 1960s?
Answer: went from sluggish to the verge of collapse
Question: Who succeeded Nasser?
Answer: Anwar Sadat
Question: Which side of the Cold War was Sadat?
Answer: United States,
Question: What was the October War?
Answer: surprise attack to regain part of the Sinai territory Israel had captured 6 years earlier
Question: What did Sadat exchange for the remainder of Sinai?
Answer: peace with Israel
Question: What tools did Infitah use to attract investment?
Answer: reduced taxes and import tariffs
Question: What occured in 1977?
Answer: Egyptian Bread Riots.
Question: What was largely ignored and upset many of Sadat's polidy?
Answer: elimination of subsidies on basic foodstuffs
Question: What group dominated the political scene when Mubarak was in power?
Answer: National Democratic Party,
Question: What laws created in 1990s impacted culture?
Answer: 1993 Syndicates Law, 1995 Press Law, and 1999 Nongovernmental Associations Law
Question: When did parliamentary politics become irrelevant in Egypt?
Answer: late 1990s
Question: What did constitutional changes in 2007 prohibit?
Answer: parties from using religion as a basis for political activity
Question: What was the long term goal for Egypt?
Answer: democracy
Question: What presidential powers were included in 2007 law changes?
Answer: power to dissolve parliament and end judicial election monitoring
Question: What was Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki's position?
Answer: Media Secretary of the National Democratic Party
Question: What was the support by voters for referendum?
Answer: 98.1%
Question: Who was elected President in 2014?
Answer: Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
Question: What group boycotted the elections?
Answer: Muslim Brotherhood and some liberal and secular activist groups
Question: Where does snow fall in Egypt?
Answer: Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities
Question: When was the last snow fall in Cairo?
Answer: 13 December 2013,
Question: What is the sunniest county in the world?
Answer: Egypt
Question: How many species of fungi were recorded in Egypt?
Answer: 627
Question: How many species of algae were recorded in Egypt?
Answer: 1483
Question: How many species of animals were recorded in Egypt?
Answer: 15,000
Question: How many species of protazoa were recorded in Egypt?
Answer: 371
Question: What tems do House of Representatives serve?
Answer: five-year terms
Question: What percent of votes did el-Sisi get? 
Answer: 96.91%
Question: Who came in second place in election for Egypt president to es-Sisi?
Answer: Hamdeen Sabahi
Question: Who were primary targets of Egypt terrorist attacks?
Answer: Christian Copts, foreign tourists and government officials
Question: What was the name of a high profile terrorist group in Egypt in 1990s?
Answer: Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya
Question: What sector of economy was plagued by terrorism attacks?
Answer: tourism
Question: How long are presidential terms?
Answer: four-year term
Question: How many terms may a president serve?
Answer: 2 terms
Question: Who may impeach the president?
Answer: parliament
Question: what may not be basis for political party?
Answer: religion, race, gender or geography
Question: Where does Egypt rank for Religious freedom according to Pew Forum?
Answer: fifth worst
Question: What percentage of Egyptians polled support death penalty for those leaving Islam?
Answer: 84%
Question: What violation could result in stoning and was supported by 82% of Egyptian responders?
Answer: adultery
Question: How much of ppopulation can be covered by immunization programs?
Answer: 98%
Question: What was life expectancy in 1960s?
Answer: 44.8 years
Question: What was the life expectancy in 2009?
Answer: 72.12 years
Question: What direction has infant mortality rate taken?
Answer: noticeable decline
Question: According to QS World University Rankings where does Cairo University rank?
Answer: 551-600
Question: According to QS World University Rankings, where does American University in Cairo rank?
Answer: 360
Question: According to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University are all ranked where?
Answer: 701+ range
Question: What is the aim of new research institutes?
Answer: modernising research
Question: What do Coptic Christians face?
Answer: discrimination at multiple levels of the government,
Question: When government computerised ID cards who were adversely impacted?
Answer: religious minorities
Question: When did Egyptian court rule that members of other faiths could obtain ID cards without listing faith?
Answer: 2008
Question: In March 2014 what number of people were sentenced to death in a single hearing?
Answer: 529
Question: What was Muslim Brotherhood labelled post coup?
Answer: terrorist organisation
Question: What former president's supporters are set to be executed?
Answer: Mohamed Morsi
Question: What US president was critical of Egypt's repression of Muslim Brotherhood?
Answer: US president Barack Obama
Question: How many individuals did one judge in Minya governatorate court sentence to death in April 2013?
Answer: 1,212
Question: What was the criticism of judge Mohammad NAgi Shatata sentence of 188 member of Muslim Brotherhood for assaulting police station?
Answer: lack of fair trials, that often last only a few minutes
Question: How much military assistance di US give Egypt in 2015?
Answer: US$1.3 billion
Question: What event soured relations of US and Egypt in 2013?
Answer: Egypt's violent crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters
Question: How many factories does Egyptian military have?
Answer: dozens
Question: After Morsi removal, what country has Egypt improved relations with?
Answer: Russia
Question: In 2014 what country did Egypt form partnership with?
Answer: China
Question: Who is the leader of Arab League?
Answer: Nabil el-Araby
Question: What 2 Gulf monarchies have pledged billions of dollars to help Egypt overcome recent economic difficulties?
Answer: United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia
Question: What country has Egypt famously had peace with since 1973 treaty?
Answer: Israel
Question: Is Israel considered a safe state for egyptians?
Answer: still widely considered as a hostile
Question: What rope has Egypt played in Middle East peace efforts?
Answer: mediator
Question: What areas of economy is Egypt dependent on?
Answer: agriculture, media, petroleum imports, natural gas, and tourism
Question: Where do Egyptians working abroad work mainly?
Answer: Saudi Arabia, the Persian Gulf and Europe
Question: What lake reulted from completion of Aswan High Dam?
Answer: Lake Nasser
Question: What year was Aswan High Dam completed?
Answer: 1970
Question: What is Egypts energy market based upon?
Answer: coal, oil, natural gas, and hydro power
Question: How much coal is mine yearly in northeast Sinai?
Answer: 600,000 tonnes