huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What kind of theory is the doctrine of the Living Constitution?
Answer: progressivist
Question: What do some debates center on the law of the land not being just defined by the Constitution's Supremacy Clause but also by what?
Answer: legal precedence
Question: Critics of modern separation of church and state note there was unofficial establishment of what in several states at the time of ratification?
Question:  When was the passage of the 15th Amendment?
Question:  What wasn't recognized by the time the 14th Amendment passed?
Question:  What kind of theory is the doctrine of the Dead Constitution?
Question: What do some debates center on the law of the land being just defined by the Constitution's Supremacy Clause but also by what?
Question: What type of beliefs are not an allowed job qualification test for federal employees?
Answer: Religious
Question: How many states violate the religious test clause with language somewhere in their official policies?
Answer: Seven
Question: What do states violate the clause require state office-holders to possess?
Answer: particular religious beliefs
Question: What clause are neither elected officials and appointed ones covered by?
Question:  What type of beliefs are an allowed job qualification test for federal employees?
Question: How many states violate the religious test clause without language somewhere in their official policies?
Question: What don't states violate the clause require state office-holders to possess?
Question: What do the non-permissible clauses require a belief in?
Answer: a Supreme Being
Question: What's one example in Tennessee's constitution?
Answer: Article IX, Section 2
Question: What language do some of the same states specify the oath of office include?
Answer: so help me God
Question: Requiring oaths invoking God are today deemed to be in violation of what?
Answer: federal First Amendment
Question: Because such oaths are in violation of the First Amendment, they're what?
Answer: unconstitutional and unenforceable
Question: What do the permissible clauses require a belief in?
Question:  What's not one example in Tennessee's constitution?
Question:  What language do some of the different states specify the oath of office include?
Question:  Requiring oaths invoking God are today deemed to not be in violation of what?
Question: Because such oaths are in violation of the Second Amendment, they're what?
Question: Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been allowed for churches?
Answer: beneficial arrangements for the society
Question: What is the national motto "In God We Trust" officially known as?
Answer: ceremonial deism
Question: What has the Supreme Court ruled about ceremonial deism?
Answer: not religious in nature
Question: What state uses as a motto a passage from the Bible?
Answer: Ohio
Question: Why was Ohio allowed to use a biblical passage as its motto?
Answer: because it displayed no preference for a particular religion
Question: Why have perks like relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges been disallowed for churches?
Question:  What is the national motto "In God We Trust" unofficially known as?
Question:  What has the Supreme Court not ruled about ceremonial deism?
Question:  What state doesn't use a passage from the Bible?
Question:  Why was Ohio disallowed from using a biblical passage as its motto?
Question: When do Jeffries and Ryan that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from?
Answer: mid-twentieth century
Question: What was the central point of the rulings of the Supreme Court's rulings?
Answer: constitutional ban against aid to religious schools
Question: What was later banned in public education?
Answer: religious observance
Question: How many propositions make up the separationist position on the Establishment Clause?
Answer: two
Question: When don't Jeffries and Ryan that the modern concept of separation of church and state dates from?
Question: What was the non-central point of the rulings of the Supreme Court's rulings?
Question: What was later not banned in public education?
Question:  How many propositions make up the separationist position on the Non-Establishment Clause?
Question: What position do Jeffries and Ryan argue was the reason for support from a coalition of separationists?
Answer: no-aid
Question: What type of secularism came to dominate American public life?
Answer: pervasive
Question: Who supported the ban against government aid to religious schools before 1970?
Answer: most Protestants (and most Jews)
Question: What diminished after 1980?
Answer: anti-Catholic sentiment
Question: What is opposed today by members of many Protestant faiths?
Answer: strict separationism
Question: What position do Jeffries and Ryan argue wasn't the reason for support from a coalition of separationists?
Question:  What type of secularism came to dominate Non-American public life?
Question: Who supported the unban against government aid to religious schools before 1970?
Question:  What diminished after 1981?
Question:  What is opposed today by members of no Protestant faiths?
Question: What do critics of the concept of separation of church and state argue it's untethered to?
Answer: anything in the text of the constitution
Question: What is the profession of Philip Hamburger?
Answer: professor
Question: What school is Philip Hamburger associated with?
Answer: Columbia Law school
Question: What does Hamburger feel the modern concept of separation of church and state is rooted in?
Answer: American anti-Catholicism
Question: What are state constitutional amendments relating to separation of church and state known as?
Answer: Blaine Amendments
Question: What do critics of the concept of separation of church and state argue it's tethered to?
Question:  What isn't the profession of Philip Hamburger?
Question:  What school is Philip Hamburger disassociated with?
Question: What does Hamburger feel the modern concept of separation of church and state is not rooted in?
Question: What are state constitutional amendments relating to separation of church and state never known as?
Question: Who is the Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee?
Answer: J. Brent Walker
Question: What does Walker feel does not impugn the validity of the principle of separation of church and state?
Answer: supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent
Question: Who have argued for the separation of church and state for reasons having nothing to do with a desire for a secular culture?
Answer: Champions of religious liberty
Question: Separationists opposed the Catholic church when it sought to do what?
Answer: tap into the public till to support its parochial schools
Question: What does a principled debate on the issues not support a charge of?
Answer: religious bigotry
Question:  Who is the former Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee?
Question: What does Walker feel does impugn the validity of the principle of separation of church and state?
Question:  Who have argued for the separation of church and state for reasons having everything to do with a desire for a secular culture?
Question: Separationists agreed with the Catholic church when it sought to do what?
Question: What does a principled debate on the issues support a charge of?
Question: What did religious freedom result from?
Answer: an alliance of unlikely partners
Question: What profession does Frank Lambert have?
Answer: historian
Question: What is the name of Lambert's book?
Answer: The Founding Fathers and the Place of Religion in America
Question: What did Deists and skeptics join together to fight for?
Answer: a complete separation of church and state
Question:  What didn't evangelicals want to keep apart?
Question:  What didn't religious freedom result from?
Question:  What profession doesn't Frank Lambert have?
Question:  What is the name of Mambert's book?
Question:  What did Deists and skeptics join together to fight against?
Question: What does Bellah say the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in?
Answer: constitution of the United States
Question: What does Bellah use the term "civil religion' to describe?
Answer: the specific relation between politics and religion
Question: Whose speech does Bellah's 1967 article analyze?
Answer: John F. Kennedy
Question: What word does Bellah ask how a President is justified to use?
Answer: God
Question: What has the separation of church and state failed to deny the political realm of?
Answer: a religious dimension
Question: What does Bellah say the separation of church and state is not grounded firmly in?
Question:  What doesn't Bellah use the term "civil religion' to describe?
Question:  Whose speech does Bellah's 1977 article analyze?
Question:  What word does Bellah ask how a President is justified to not use?
Question: What has the separation of church and state failed to approve the political realm of?
Question: Who has argued the United States is a model for the world in separation of church and state is a good thing?
Answer: Robert S. Wood
Question: What does having no state-run or state-established allow a variety of religions to do?
Answer: flourish
Question: Where is the Center for New Religions located?
Answer: Toronto
Question: What does Wood believe the U.S. operates on?
Answer: a sort of civic religion
Question: What does Wood call the approach of allowing individuals the freedom to decide what they want to believe?
Answer: genius of religious sentiment in the United States
Question: Who hasn't argued the United States is a model for the world in separation of church and state is a good thing?
Question: What does having no state-run or state-established allow a variety of non-religions to do?
Question:  Where did the Center for New Religions leave?
Question:  What does Wood believe the U.K. operates on?
Question:  What does Wood call the approach of allowing individuals the freedom to decide what they don't want to believe?
Question: Whose teachings were once considered to be heretical?
Answer: Martin Luther
Question: Other than Protestantism, what are the other two divisions of Christianity?
Answer: Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
Question: Who wrote a letter protesting the condemnation of Martin Luther?
Answer: Lutheran princes
Question: What was the name of the movement that started Protestantism?
Answer: the Protestant Reformation
Question: What do all Protestantism denominations reject?
Answer: the notion of papal supremacy over the Church universal
Question: What Catholic doctrine is usually denied in Protestantism?
Answer: transubstantiation,
Question: What is the term to describe using only faith for justification?
Answer: sola fide
Question: What is the highest authority in Protestantism for morals?
Answer: the Bible
Question: What is the term to describe the differences between Protestantism and Catholicism?
Answer: Five solae
Question: Name three early Protestant reformers.
Answer: John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and John Knox
Question: Where did Arminianism take hold?
Answer: the Netherlands and parts of Germany
Question: Who ended Catholic supremecy in England?
Answer: King Henry VIII
Question: Who made large contributions in the sciences in latter centuries?
Answer: Protestants
Question: Which continents have some form of Protestantism?
Answer: all populated continents
Question: What types of Protestantism are increasing?
Answer: Nondenominational, evangelical, independent and other churches
Question: What Protestant church has members around the world?
Answer: the Anglican Communion
Question: How many people are considered Protestant?
Answer: more than 900 million
Question: What German word refers to the gospel or being Protestant?
Answer: evangelisch
Question: What English word for a church began with the Puritans in England?
Answer: evangelical
Question: Name two contributors to Reformed churches.
Answer: John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli
Question: Who brought Evangelicalism to the U.S.?
Answer: the Puritans
Question: How many primary doctrines are focused on the Bible?
Answer: four
Question: What is the term that means all in the Bible is true?
Answer: inerrancy
Question: What power can help someone overcome sin?
Answer: the Holy Spirit
Question: What is the term for needing the Bible for salvation?
Answer: necessity
Question: Which ideas had little criticism for the most part?
Answer: necessity and inerrancy
Question: What is the term for how the church as a whole works?
Answer: ecclesiology
Question: What group believes that some in the church have a special status to understand the bible?
Answer: Catholics
Question: At what period was inerrancy debated?
Answer: the Enlightenment
Question: What item could be learned to gain salvation?
Answer: the Bible
Question: What is the second principle of Protestantism?
Answer: sola fide (by faith alone)
Question: What was Luther's main principle?
Answer: sola fide (by faith alone)
Question: What principle made the Bible the one source for teaching?
Answer: sola scriptura
Question: What did reformers considered their beliefs to be, in terms of focus?
Answer: Christocentric
Question: Faith can bring what eternal benefit?
Answer: salvation
Question: When did Protestantism begin to split?
Answer: the mid-to-late 16th century
Question: What was one of the main causes of the split in Protestantism?
Answer: controversy over the Eucharist
Question: What Catholic belief did early Protestants not agree with?
Answer: transubstantiation
Question: What two substances are used in a Catholic Mass?
Answer: bread and wine
Question: Whose body and blood is considered present in Holy Communion?
Answer: Christ
Question: Who was one of the first to try to reform the Catholic Church?
Answer: Arnold of Brescia
Question: When were the Waldensians created?
Answer: the early 1170s
Question: In what year were the Waldensians labeled as heretics?
Answer: 1215
Question: Where does the Waldensian movement still exist currently?
Answer: Italy
Question: What teachings originated with Arnold of Brescia?
Answer: apostolic poverty
Question: Whose words were an inspiration for Jan Hus?
Answer: John Wycliffe
Question: How many crusades were waged against the Hussites?
Answer: five
Question: Who called the crusades against the Hussites?
Answer: the Pope
Question: When did Martin Luther attach his 95 theses on the door of the church?
Answer: 31 October 1517
Question: What did the theses argue against selling?
Answer: indulgences
Question: What Catholic devotion would Martin Luther write about after the 95 theses/
Answer: Virgin Mary
Question: Where was All Saints' Church?
Answer: Wittenberg
Question: Who did Martin Luther criticize in the 95 theses?
Answer: the Church and the papacy
Question: Who wrote the Ordinances of 1541?
Answer: John Calvin
Question: What city became the unofficial capital of the Protestant movement?
Answer: Geneva
Question: What type of missionaries were taught in Geneva?
Answer: Calvinist
Question: When did John Calvin die?
Answer: 1563
Question: What did the French find alienating about Catholicism?
Answer: the obduracy and the complacency of the Catholic establishment
Question: When were French nobles converted to Protestantism?
Answer: the 1550s
Question: Whose death caused an increase in the French civil wars?
Answer: Henry II
Question: When was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
Answer: August 1572
Question: Who began the Protestant movement in Switzerland?
Answer: Huldrych Zwingli
Question: Which two areas had a long history of resentment?
Answer: the German states and the Swiss Confederation
Question: What was the name of the meeting to make an alliance between Zwingli and Luther?
Answer: the Colloquy of Marburg
Question: What Prince hosted the Colloquy of Marburg?
Answer: Prince Philip of Hesse
Question: What did the Colloquy of Marburg become infamous for?
Answer: its failure
Question: When was the Act of Supremacy passed?
Answer: 1534
Question: Who was made the Supreme Head of the Church of England in 1534?
Answer: King Henry
Question: What made Anglicanism into a more distinct tradition?
Answer: The Elizabethan Religious Settlement
Question: In what years were the Dissolution of the Monasteries carried out?
Answer: Between 1535 and 1540
Question: The growth of Puritanism happened during what age?
Answer: the Elizabethan Age
Question: The Puritan movement worked on reforming what church?
Answer: the Church of England
Question: What did the Puritans want the Church of England to emulate?
Answer: the Protestant churches of Europe
Question: What was another name for the later Puritan movement?
Answer: dissenters and nonconformists
Question: What did the later Puritan movement create?
Answer: various Reformed denominations
Question: The Scottish Reformation decreased what country's influence?
Answer: France
Question: Who was the leader of the Scottish Reformation?
Answer: John Knox
Question: Whose regime made possible the Scottish Reformation?
Answer: Mary of Guise
Question: When was the Papal Jurisdiction Act passed?
Answer: 1560
Question: What war was waged from 1618 to 1648?
Answer: the Thirty Years' War
Question: How much was the German population reduced during the Thirty Years' War?
Answer: between 25% and 40%
Question: What treaty ended the Thirty Years' War?
Answer: the Peace of Westphalia
Question: Where was the German Peasants' War?
Answer: the Bavarian, Thuringian and Swabian principalities
Question: What movement occurred during the 1730's and 1740's?
Answer: The First Great Awakening
Question: What movement made a permanent mark on Protestantism in the U.S.?
Answer: The First Great Awakening
Question: Which congregations joined the Second Great Awakening the most after 1820?
Answer: Baptist and Methodist
Question: When did the Second Great Awakening lose momentum?
Answer: by the late 1840s
Question: What did the Second Great Awakening create?
Answer: the formation of new denominations
Question: What was the Second Great Awakening a reaction against?
Answer: skepticism, deism, and rationalism
Question: When was the Third Great Awakening?
Answer: the late 1850s to the early 20th century
Question: What denominations did the Third Great Awakening affect?
Answer: pietistic Protestant denominations
Question: What movement was affiliated with the Third Great Awakening?
Answer: the Social Gospel Movement
Question: What other movement gained its force from the Third Great Awakening?
Answer: the worldwide missionary movement
Question: What new groups were formed as a result of the Third Great Awakening?
Answer: the Holiness, Nazarene, and Christian Science movements
Question: What modern movement began in the 20th century?
Answer: the modern Pentecostal movement
Question: What were the roots of the modern Pentecostal movement?
Answer: Methodist and Wesleyan
Question: What movement did Pentecostalism create?
Answer: the Charismatic movement
Question: In what city did the modern Pentecostal movement begin?
Answer: Los Angeles
Question: What type of mission was the birthplace of the modern Pentecostal movement?
Answer: urban
Question: Where has there been a rise in evangelical Protestantism?
Answer: In the United States and elsewhere in the world
Question: What type of churches have declined?
Answer: mainstream liberal churches
Question: When did Liberal Christianity increase?
Answer: In the post–World War I era
Question: When did conservative churches start to increase?
Answer: In the post–World War II era
Question: What type of evangelical churches are the most popular?
Answer: those that are more exclusively evangelical
Question: What caused the spread of secularism?
Answer: The Enlightenment
Question: What areas have a higher rate of Christian observance?
Answer: North America, South America and Australia
Question: What country is more religious than other developed nations?
Answer: United States
Question: When did South America show an increase in Evangelicals?
Answer: the 20th and 21st centuries
Question: Which reformation was seen as not being effective enough?
Answer: the Magisterial Reformation
Question: What did Karlstadt call Lutheran theologians?
Answer: new papists
Question: What is another name for magister?
Answer: teacher
Question: What were reform movement leaders compared to?
Answer: Roman Popes
Question: What has been linked with pacifism?
Answer: Anabaptism
Question: Who comprises the invisible church?
Answer: all who profess faith in Jesus Christ
Question: What is the name of the main principles of Protestantism?
Answer: the five solas
Question: What other entities are also considered to be Protestant?
Answer: non-denominational groups and organizations
Question: What Catholic doctrine do Protestants not believe in?
Answer: it is the one true church
Question: What type of movements have tried to unite Protestant denominations?
Answer: Various ecumenical
Question: Which is larger, divisions or unions of Protestantism?
Answer: divisions
Question: What beliefs do most denominations agree on?
Answer: common beliefs in the major aspects of the Christian faith
Question: What types of doctrines do denominations not agree on?
Answer: secondary
Question: What type of belief defines what is a major or minor doctrine?
Answer: idiosyncratic
Question: How long has the Faroe Islands church been independent?
Answer: since 2007
Question: Who has the only Reformed church?
Answer: Tuvalu
Question: Who is the head church of the Anglican Communion?
Answer: The Church of England
Question: What type of church does Tonga have?
Answer: Methodist
Question: What are the major branches of Protestantism?
Answer: Adventist, Anglican, Baptist, Calvinist (Reformed), Lutheran, Methodist and Pentecostal
Question: What small branch of Protestantism will also be discussed?
Answer: Anabaptist
Question: What created the differentiation of Protestant branches?
Answer: how they have been influenced by important movements since the Reformation
Question: What do some branches share in common?
Answer: lineage
Question: What Adventist groups observe the Sabbath?
Answer: Seventh-day Adventists and some smaller Adventist groups
Question: What is the name of the Seventh-day Adventist's core beliefs?
Answer: the 28 Fundamental Beliefs
Question: What is used for justification of the 28 Fundamental Beliefs?
Answer: Biblical references
Question: What belief about ultimate punishment do Adventists disagree on?
Answer: annihilation or eternal torment
Question: What does the word Anabaptist describe?
Answer: one who baptizes again
Question: Who named the Anabaptists?
Answer: their persecutors
Question: What baptism do Anabaptists reject?
Answer: baptism of infants
Question: Who persecuted the Anabaptists in the 16th century?
Answer: Magisterial Protestants and Roman Catholics
Question: Hans Denck was considered what type of reformer?
Answer: Second Front Reformers
Question: When did the word Anglican begin?
Answer: 1246
Question: Who do the Anglican churches have communion with?
Answer: the Archbishop of Canterbury
Question: How many Anglican Communion members are there in the world?
Answer: 80 million
Question: What power does each national or regional church possess?
Answer: full autonomy
Question: At what time did the Church of England become independent?
Answer: the Elizabethan Religious Settlement
Question: Who headed the Anglican reforms in the middle of the 16th century?
Answer: Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer
Question: The Church of England's reforms put it in the middle of what two traditions?
Answer: Lutheranism and Calvinism
Question: What liturgical forms in Anglicanism were considered unacceptable by many progressive Protestants?
Answer: traditional
Question: What type of baptism do Baptists conduct?
Answer: complete immersion
Question: What two offices do Baptists have?
Answer: pastors and deacons
Question: What type of churches are most Baptists churches considered to be?
Answer: Protestant
Question: What is another term for soul competency?
Answer: liberty
Question: Who was the pastor of the first Baptist church?
Answer: John Smyth
Question: Who believed that Christ's atonement was for everyone?
Answer: General Baptists
Question: Who founded the first Baptist group in what is now the United States?
Answer: Roger Williams
Question: Who has spread the teachings of the Baptists to each continent?
Answer: Baptist missionaries
Question: What is the most well-known summary of Calvin's teachings?
Answer: the five points of Calvinism
Question: What area does the five points of Calvinism focus on?
Answer: the Calvinist view on soteriology
Question: What is a brief description of Calvinism?
Answer: the sovereignty or rule of God in all things
Question: What Calvinism doctrines are examples of the concept of the sovereignty of God?
Answer: predestination and total depravity
Question: Who was an early leader in the Reformed churches?
Answer: Calvin
Question: What is one of the largest Protestant branches with 80 million members?
Answer: Lutheranism
Question: How popular is the branch of Lutheranism?
Answer: third
Question: What is the largest body of Lutheran churches?
Answer: The Lutheran World Federation
Question: How many people belong to the Lutheran World Federation?
Answer: over 72 million people
Question: Name two smaller Lutheran church bodies.
Answer: International Lutheran Council and the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference
Question: Who did Methodism originally attract?
Answer: workers, agricultural workers, and slaves
Question: What was John Wesley's occupation?
Answer: Anglican priest
Question: How many Methodists are there in the world today?
Answer: approximately 80 million
Question: How did the Methodist movement spread so far and wide?
Answer: vigorous missionary activity
Question: Methodists believe that Christ achieved salvation for whom?
Answer: every human being
Question: What do Methodists believe that one must do to receive Christ's salvation?
Answer: exercise an act of the will
Question: What is Methodism known for, as far as music goes?
Answer: its rich musical tradition
Question: Who wrote most of the Methodist hymns?
Answer: John Wesley's brother, Charles
Question: What Calvinist doctrine is focuses on salvation?
Answer: monergism
Question: What are other terms used to describe Pentecostalism?
Answer: Apostolic or Full Gospel
Question: Pentecostals liken their teachings to those of what age?
Answer: Apostolic
Question: Pentecostals believe in baptism with what entity?
Answer: the Holy Spirit
Question: What three things are Pentecostals committed to?
Answer: biblical authority, spiritual gifts, and the miraculous
Question: How many Pentecostals are there in the world?
Answer: over 279 million
Question: What movement has caused non-Pentecostal churches to accept some Pentecostal beliefs?
Answer: Charismatic
Question: Who can claim over 500 million members?
Answer: Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity
Question: Where is Pentecostalism currently growing the most?
Answer: the global South
Question: What do some groups of people who believe in basic Protestant principles identify as?
Answer: "Christians" or "born-again Christians"
Question: What denomination do these small groups belong to?
Answer: "non-denominational" or "evangelical"
Question: How much affiliation do these small groups have with historical denominations?
Answer: little
Question: Who has founded these small groups of Christians?
Answer: individual pastors
Question: What belief is the emphasis of the Plymouth Brethren?
Answer: sola scriptura
Question: Though the Plymouth Brethren do not have a denominational name, what name is generally used for them?
Answer: The Brethren
Question: When did the Plymouth Brethren originate?
Answer: late 1820s
Question: What denomination do the Brethren originate from?
Answer: Anglicanism
Question: What is the Quakers unifying belief?
Answer: the priesthood of all believers
Question: What have the Quakers tried to avoid?
Answer: creeds and hierarchical structures
Question: What collective movement are the Quakers associated with?
Answer: the Religious Society of Friends
Question: What types of Christianity do Quakers belong to?
Answer: evangelical, holiness, liberal, and traditional conservative
Question: What is a prominent example of a movement which crosses over denominational lines?
Answer: Evangelicalism
Question: Which movement actually affected the Catholic Church?
Answer: Charismatic Movement
Question: What groups beliefs does the Charismatic Movement seek to add to branches of Christianity?
Answer: Pentecostals
Question: Name a sub-group of the Charismatic Movement.
Answer: Neo-charismatic churches
Question: What other types of churches often adopt charismatic or evangelical beliefs?
Answer: Nondenominational churches
Question: What period saw a large upswing in Evangelicalism?
Answer: the 18th and 19th centuries
Question: Methodism is part of what movement?
Answer: Evangelicalism
Question: Where did the Great Awakenings increase interest in Evangelicalism?
Answer: Britain and North America
Question: What man is associated with the beginnings of Evangelicalism?
Answer: Nicolaus Zinzendorf
Question: What American is considered to have been a seminal influence in the charismatic movement?
Answer: Dennis Bennett
Question: When was the Massey conference held?
Answer: 1964
Question: The Massey conference eventually led to developing what seminars?
Answer: Life in the Spirit
Question: Name UK influences on the Charismatic movement.
Answer: Colin Urquhart, Michael Harper, David Watson
Question: Where was the Massey conference held?
Answer: New Zealand
Question: Who helped Lutherans understand the charismatic movement in the 1960s?
Answer: Larry Christenson
Question: In what state did charismatic Lutheran congregations grow to be quite large?
Answer: Minnesota
Question: Where is an annual event that has quite a bit of charismatic activity?
Answer: Huntington Beach
Question: What was published in 1974?
Answer: Touched by the Spirit
Question: Who wrote Touched by the Spirit?
Answer: Richard A. Jensen
Question: Where is Every Nations Churches located?
Answer: USA
Question: What tendencies do reformed charismatics avoid?
Answer: overemotional
Question: What is a name for gifts of the Spirit?
Answer: charismata
Question: Name the renewal movements which could be considered overemotional.
Answer: Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival
Question: What group was very much hampered in England from making changes?
Answer: Puritans
Question: What college was influenced by Puritan beliefs?
Answer: the University of Cambridge
Question: What movement influenced the Puritans?
Answer: millennialism
Question: What movement did the Puritans adopt in the 17th century?
Answer: Sabbatarianism
Question: When was the Synod of Dort?
Answer: 1619
Question: When did separatists become powerful in Puritanism?
Answer: the 1640s
Question: What types of piety did the Puritans advocate?
Answer: personal and group
Question: Where was Calvin criticized?
Answer: Geneva
Question: At what gathering were supporters unsuccessful in establishing a new national church?
Answer: the Westminster Assembly
Question: What religious movement affected education, politics, the economy, and marriage?
Answer: the Reformation
Question: What churches let their clergy marry?
Answer: Protestant
Question: When did women join the Protestant ministry?
Answer: 1950
Question: What types of churches have women had leading positions?
Answer: Protestant
Question: What priesthood rules do Protestant churches reject?
Answer: celibate
Question: What did Reformers increase so that their followers could read the Bible?
Answer: education
Question: In the middle of the eighteenth century, how many Swedes could read and write?
Answer: eight of ten men and women
Question: Who founded Harvard College?
Answer: the Puritans
Question: When was Yale founded?
Answer: 1701
Question: What state became a hub of learning?
Answer: Pennsylvania
Question: What is the heart of the Protestant moral code?
Answer: Industry, frugality, calling, discipline, and a strong sense of responsibility
Question: What did Calvin particular reject?
Answer: luxury
Question: What was a strong reason for inventors and investors to work on technical inventions?
Answer: economic success
Question: What work ethic was an influence on capitalism and the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Protestant
Question: What is another name for the Protestant work ethic?
Answer: Protestant ethic thesis
Question: What does a good job of combining religion and liberalism?
Answer: Protestantism
Question: Who did an analysis of World Values Survey data?
Answer: Arno Tausch
Question: What university is Arno Tausch from?
Answer: Corvinus University of Budapest
Question: What type of engagement is considered a World Value?
Answer: environmental activism
Question: What denominations are considered to be wealthier than most other groups?
Answer: Episcopalians and Presbyterians
Question: Affluent American families are what type of families?
Answer: Mainline Protestant
Question: What denominations are considered to be better educated than most other groups?
Answer: Episcopalians and Presbyterians
Question: What political group has a disproportionately large number of Protestants?
Answer: Republican Party
Question: Other than politics, what areas have a disproportionately large number of Protestants?
Answer: American business, law
Question: The rise of English Puritanism and German Pietism resulted in a corresponding rise in what?
Answer: early experimental science
Question: What religions did Merton think caused the scientific revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries?
Answer: English Puritanism and German Pietism
Question: What other reason did Merton believe causes science to advance?
Answer: an accumulation of observations and improvement in experimental technique and methodology
Question: What religions were English scientists in the 17th century?
Answer: Puritans or other Protestants
Question: What values were thought to have a significant synergy?
Answer: ascetic Protestant values and those of modern science
Question: What was the name of the doctrine that separated church and non-religious affairs?
Answer: doctrine of the two kingdoms
Question: When was the treatise that allowed a congregation to elect or remove a minister?
Answer: 1523
Question: Who added the election of laymen to church government?
Answer: Calvin
Question: Who added synods to church government?
Answer: The Huguenots
Question: What were Luther's followers advised to use when governing worldly affairs?
Answer: reason
Question: What is the term for checks and balances in a political system?
Answer: separation of powers
Question: Who paved the way for modern democracy to emerge?
Answer: Calvin
Question: Who was allowed to teach a liberal Bible interpretation?
Answer: Hugo Grotius
Question: What philosophers were given asylum?
Answer: Baruch Spinoza and Pierre Bayle
Question: Whose democracies were created by Protestants?
Answer: the English and the American democracies
Question: Other than the U.S., to what colonies did the British export their democratic beliefs?
Answer: Australia, New Zealand, and India
Question: What democratic principles were followed by the Plymouth Colony?
Answer: self-rule and separation of powers
Question: What group believed that democracy was the will of God?
Answer: Congregationalists
Question: What other group in America practiced self-rule and separation of powers?
Answer: Massachusetts Bay Colony
Question: Where did Luther refuse to change his beliefs?
Answer: Worms
Question: What persecuted groups followed the separation of church and state?
Answer: Anabaptists and Huguenots
Question: Who wrote about religious freedom in the early 17th century?
Answer: John Smyth and Thomas Helwys
Question: How many American Protestants supported independence in America?
Answer: The great majority
Question: What group popularized early Protestant teachings about separation of church and state?
Answer: Enlightenment thinkers
Question: What did John Locke use as a basis for his political beliefs?
Answer: a set of Protestant Christian assumptions
Question: Whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence?
Answer: John Locke
Question: What Rights do the Declaration of Independence consider unalienable?
Answer: Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness
Question: What scripture did Locke use as a reference for equality?
Answer: Genesis 1, 26-28
Question: When did Britain end slavery?
Answer: 1834
Question: Who were the first men to make large contributions to international law?
Answer: Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf
Question: Who founded the Red Cross?
Answer: Henry Dunant
Question: What international law was Henry Dunant mostly responsible for?
Answer: The Geneva Convention
Question: What did Bismarck consider social insurance programs to be?
Answer: practical Christianity
Question: What social reform movements were Protestants working toward in the nineteen century?
Answer: the abolition of slavery, prison reforms, and woman suffrage
Question: What country started programs that led to the welfare state?
Answer: Germany
Question: What area copied Bismarck's social programs the most?
Answer: the Western world
Question: Samuel Taylor is listed as enriching what?
Answer: World literature
Question: What women writers were listed as contributors to world literature?
Answer: Emily Dickinson, Emily Brontë
Question: Edgar Allen Poe added value to literature in what area?
Answer: World
Question: The Roman Catholic Church considers Protestant denominations to be what?
Answer: ecclesial communities or specific faith-believing communities
Question: What is lacking in Protestant priesthood, according to the Roman Catholic Church?
Answer: no sacramental ministerial priesthood
Question: What does the Roman Catholic Church say is not comparable to their sacraments and dogmas?
Answer: ordinances and doctrines
Question: What other Church shares the Roman Catholic view on Protestant churches?
Answer: Eastern Orthodox
Question: What is lacking in Protestantism, according to the Roman Catholic Church?
Answer: true apostolic succession
Question: Who were Magisterial reformers?
Answer: Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Huldrych Zwingli
Question: What institution did Martin Luther believe he was reforming?
Answer: the Roman Catholic Church
Question: Instead of a visible church, what did Protestants believe there was?
Answer: a spiritual, invisible, and hidden church
Question: When did the idea of a hidden church begin?
Answer: in the early days of the Protestant Reformation
Question: What church did the Reformers claim had left them?
Answer: the Roman Catholic Church
Question: The Reformed churches based their beliefs about ecclesiastical organization on what movement?
Answer: Conciliar
Question: What are the doctrines of the Reformed churches called?
Answer: the five solas
Question: What ecumenical council did the Reformed churches reject?
Answer: the Council of Trent
Question: What type of character became central to religious unity in Reformed churches?
Answer: invisible
Question: What group has been unsuccessful in creating a unified church since 1948?
Answer: the World Council of Churches
Question: What conference was held in 1910?
Answer: the Edinburgh Missionary Conference
Question: What churches have been strongly engaged in the ecumenical movement?
Answer: Orthodox
Question: What have Orthodox churches condemned the perception of?
Answer: watering down Orthodox doctrine
Question: What types of churches have had rapidly declining memberships?
Answer: united churches
Question: What is the only other sacrament of the Protestants that the Catholic Church recognizes?
Answer: marriage
Question: Who can become ordained to the Catholic priesthood after a period of study?
Answer: Protestant ministers who become Catholics
Question: Protestants who want full communion with the Catholic Church do not have to be what?
Answer: re-baptized
Question: Why does the Catholic Church not recognize the ordination of Protestant ministers?
Answer: the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from Catholic Church
Question: What document was signed in 1999?
Answer: the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification
Question: Who rejects the statement signed in 1999?
Answer: Confessional Lutherans
Question: Who adopted the Joint Declaration in 2006?
Answer: delegates to the World Methodist Conference
Question: The Joint Declaration supposedly resolves the conflict which originally led to what movement?
Answer: the Protestant Reformation
Question: What two groups originally signed the Joint Declaration?
Answer: Lutheran World Federation and Catholic Church
Question: How many Protestants are there in the world?
Answer: more than 900 million
Question: What is the total population of Christians in the world?
Answer: approximately 2.4 billion
Question: Approximately how much of the world's population are Protestant (in fractions)?
Answer: more than one tenth
Question: What area only had about 2 million Protestants in 2010?
Answer: Middle East-North Africa
Question: What area had the largest Protestant population in 2010?
Answer: Sub-Saharan Africa
Question: In what European areas is Protestantism still the most practiced religion?
Answer: the Nordic countries and the United Kingdom
Question: In 2012, what percentage of the EU was thought to be Protestant?
Answer: 12%
Question: In what countries is Protestantism one of the most popular (but not THE most popular) religions?
Answer: Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Latvia, Estonia and Hungary
Question: The Pew Research Center estimated Protestants to be what percentage of Europe's Christian population in 2010?
Answer: 17.8%
Question: What area was once the site of a significant pre-reformation movement, but now only has a small number of Protestants?
Answer: Czech Republic
Question: Where has Protestantism spread quickly since the 1900's?
Answer: Africa, Asia, Oceania and Latin America
Question: When did much of the spread of Protestantism occur in the 20th century?
Answer: after World War II
Question: What percentage of Anglicans were in the UK in 1910?
Answer: 79%
Question: In 2010, what percentage of Anglicans were said to be in Africa?
Answer: 59%
Question: In 2010, what country had more Protestants than both the UK and Germany together?
Answer: Brazil
Question: What region of Brazil is Brasilia in?
Answer: center-western
Question: What is Brasilia's GDP per capita in US dollars?
Answer: US$36,175
Question: What is the population of Brasilia's metro area?
Answer: 2,556,149
Question: When was Brasilia founded?
Answer: April 21, 1960
Question: What Portugese District is the capital of Brazil?
Question: Where is Brasilia's metro located?
Question: When was Brasilia founded to serve as the metro?
Question: What is the population of Brasilia's Federal District?
Question: What was the population of Brasilia and its metro in 1960?
Question: What is Brasilia's proper city population?
Answer: 209,926
Question: What does Brasilia's metro area consist of?
Answer: the Federal District
Question: Which World Cup did Brasilia host?
Answer: 2014
Question: Which Confederations Cup did Brasilia host?
Answer: 2013
Question: What did Brasilia host in 2011?
Question: What unique status does the Federal District have in Brazil?
Question: How many synedoche are in Brazil?
Question: What was the population of Brazil in 2013?
Question: What was Brasil a main administrative division of in 2014?
Question: When did Kubitschek leave office?
Answer: 1961
Question: Who ordered Brasilia be built?
Answer: Juscelino Kubitschek
Question: How many people competed to be Brasilia's urban planner?
Answer: 5550
Question: When was Brasilia inaugurated?
Answer: April 21, 1960
Question: During what time period was Lucio Costa President of Brazil?
Question: What did Oscar Niemeyer cause to be constructed in Brazil?
Question: How many people competed in a contest to help build the city in 1956?
Question: When was Brasilia's Constitution made official?
Question: What was Lucio Costa's plan to build Brasilia called?
Question: What rights did Brasilia gain in 1988?
Answer: to elect its Governor, and a District Assembly
Question: What is Brasilia's District Assembly called?
Answer: Câmara Legislativa
Question: Until 1988 who was the governor of the Federal District appointed by?
Question: What does the Federal Government not have?
Question: What does the Brazilian Federal Senate also serve besides the Federal District?
Question: What does the District Assembly not have currently?
Question: For now what kind of cases does the District Assembly serve?
Question: What climate type does Brasilia have?
Answer: tropical savanna climate (Aw)
Question: When is Brasilia's rainy season?
Answer: October to April
Question: When is Brasilia's dry season?
Answer: May to September
Question: What is the average maximum temperature in Brasilia in September?
Answer: 28.3 °C (82.9 °F)
Question: Which month does Brasilia have the highest rainfall?
Answer: January
Question: How high is the rainfall in Brasilia in September?
Question: How low is the rainfall in Brasilia in April?
Question: What climate type does Koppen have?
Question: What are average temperatures like from May to September?
Question: How much rain is there during the highest rainfall of the year in October?
Question: What languages besides Portuguese are taught in Brasilia's schools?
Answer: English and Spanish
Question: How many international schools are in Brasilia?
Answer: six
Question: When will a new international school open in Brasilia?
Answer: August 2016
Question: What nationality will the new international school in Brasilia be?
Answer: British
Question: Where is English the primary language taught in Brasilia?
Question: How many private colleges are in Brasilia?
Question: In what year will the official curriculum start?
Question: What school will the official curriculum be taught in?
Question: What is the Maple Bear Canadian School's official language?
Question: What type of structure is the Cathedral of Brasília?
Answer: concrete-framed hyperboloid
Question: When was the Cathedral of Brasília dedicated?
Answer: 31 May 1970
Question: How many identical columns are used in the Cathedral of Brasília?
Answer: 16
Question: How much do the Cathedral of Brasília's columns weigh?
Answer: 90 t
Question: When was the capital of the Federative Republic of Brazil created?
Question: Who founded the capital of Brazil?
Question: How many parts of the capital were reaching up to heaven?
Question: When was Brasilia dedicated?
Question: How much does the glass weigh?
Question: Where does Brazil's president live, in Portuguese?
Answer: Palácio da Alvorada
Question: What does 'Palácio da Alvorada' mean?
Answer: Palace of the Dawn
Question: Who designed gardens for some of Brasilia's major buildings?
Answer: Roberto Burle Marx
Question: What style of gardens did Marx design?
Answer: modernist
Question: What did Planalto design?
Question: What did Planalto create his designs for?
Question: What supports the modernest gardens?
Question: Where do you enter the presidential offices instead of a doorway?
Question: Where does Roberto Burle Marx live?
Question: What are 'superquadras' or superblocks?
Answer: groups of apartment buildings along with a prescribed number and type of schools, retail stores, and open spaces
Question: Where is there a peninsula with luxury homes?
Answer: the northern end of Lake Paranoá
Question: What did the planners want to have around Lake Paranoa?
Answer: extensive public areas
Question: What took over Lake Paranoa's shores contrary to the plan?
Answer: private clubs, hotels, and upscale residences and restaurants
Question: What mostly-unplanned cities are around Brasilia?
Answer: Gama, Ceilândia, Taguatinga, Núcleo Bandeirante, Sobradinho, and Planaltina
Question: What type of private clubs were built by the Brasilian government?
Question: How are open spaces arranged in Brasilia?
Question: What is the definition of a Nucleo?
Question: What is located at the northern end of Bandeirante?
Question: What did the cuperquadras plan to build near the lake shore?
Question: Who complained that Brasilia was monotonous?
Answer: Simone de Beauvoir
Question: What nationality was de Beauvoir?
Answer: French
Question: What was de Beauvoir's career?
Answer: writer
Question: What is Brasilia famous for?
Answer: its cuisine and efficiency of transit
Question: What did the citizens complain after visiting Brasilia?
Question: What are superquadras famous for?
Question: What have other observers compared forested areas to?
Question: What is located on either side of the plazas?
Question: How have the bookstores and cafes been improved?