huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What state were Johnson and Rayburn from?
Answer: Texas
Question: Who was Speaker of the House between 1953 and 1955?
Answer: Joe Martin
Question: What did Martin think Eisenhower did too much of in his relations with Congress?
Answer: worked too much through subordinates
Question: As a result of Eisenhower's actions toward Congress, what did Martin think Congress often gave him?
Answer: reverse of what he has desired
Question: Who did Martin think Eisenhower should have made better use of?
Answer: Republicans of consequence
Question: What party did Brennan belong to?
Answer: Democrat
Question: Who did Eisenhower nominate for Chief Justice?
Answer: Warren
Question: What sort of decisions did Warren favor on the Supreme Court?
Answer: liberal
Question: Along with liberals, who was Eisenhower trying to appeal to with the Warren pick?
Answer: law-and-order conservatives
Question: How many cigarettes did Eisenhower smoke daily at West Point?
Answer: two or three packs
Question: When did Eisenhower stop smoking completely?
Answer: March 1949
Question: Who was Eisenhower's employer when he gave up smoking?
Answer: Columbia
Question: Who was the cardiologist who treated Eisenhower after his heart attack?
Answer: Paul Dudley White
Question: What caused Eisenhower's stroke of 1957?
Answer: left ventricular aneurysm
Question: Where was Eisenhower when he suffered a stroke in 1957?
Answer: cabinet meeting
Question: What couldn't Eisenhower move as a result of his stroke?
Answer: right hand
Question: What is Crohn's disease?
Answer: chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine
Question: Why did Eisenhower need surgery on June 9, 1956?
Answer: bowel obstruction
Question: What August 1965 event caused Eisenhower to drop out of public life?
Answer: heart attack
Question: For what ailment did Eisenhower receive surgery in 1966?
Answer: cholecystitis
Question: What did Eisenhower have removed via surgery on December 12, 1966?
Answer: gallbladder
Question: In what year did Eisenhower die?
Answer: 1969
Question: How many heart attacks did Eisenhower have between 1955 and 1969?
Answer: seven
Question: Who did Eisenhower endorse for president in 1960?
Answer: Richard Nixon
Question: Who was the Democratic candidate for president in 1960?
Answer: John F. Kennedy
Question: How old was Eisenhower in 1960?
Answer: 70
Question: Who was the youngest person elected to the United States presidency?
Answer: Kennedy
Question: Who won the US presidential election of 1960?
Answer: Kennedy
Question: On what date did Eisenhower deliver his farewell speech?
Answer: January 17, 1961
Question: In his farewell speech, what complex did Eisenhower warn the American people of?
Answer: military–industrial
Question: What war did Eisenhower talk about in his Address to the Nation?
Answer: Cold
Question: From where did Eisenhower deliver his farewell speech?
Answer: Oval Office
Question: What term did Eisenhower use to describe the character of communism?
Answer: atheistic
Question: What town did Eisenhower retire to after his presidency?
Answer: Gettysburg
Question: What Pennsylvania county did Eisenhower grow up in?
Answer: Dauphin
Question: Who did Eisenhower donate his farm to in 1967?
Answer: National Park Service
Question: Who was the Republican presidential candidate in 1964?
Answer: Barry Goldwater
Question: What did Barry Goldwater call Eisenhower?
Answer: dime-store New Dealer
Question: At what facility did Eisenhower die?
Answer: Walter Reed Army Medical Center
Question: What was Eisenhower's cause of death?
Answer: congestive heart failure
Question: What was Eisenhower's date of death?
Answer: March 28, 1969
Question: What Christian denomination did Eisenhower belong to?
Answer: Episcopal
Question: When did Eisenhower's funeral train arrive in Abilene, Kansas?
Answer: April 2
Question: At what location was Eisenhower buried?
Answer: Eisenhower Presidential Library
Question: What was the cost of Eisenhower's casket?
Answer: $80
Question: What color jacket was Eisenhower buried in?
Answer: green
Question: When did Mamie Eisenhower die?
Answer: 1979
Question: In popular memory, what sport was Eisenhower known for playing?
Answer: golf
Question: What did critics feel that Eisenhower should have opposed in public?
Answer: McCarthyism
Question: Where was Central High school located?
Answer: Little Rock
Question: How did critics characterize Kennedy in comparison to Eisenhower?
Answer: vigorous young successor
Question: What nation was considered the leader in the nuclear arms race?
Answer: Soviet Union
Question: From where did Eisenhower get the idea of a White House Chief of Staff?
Answer: United States Army
Question: Who was the last president not to appoint a Chief of Staff?
Answer: Lyndon Johnson
Question: Along with Ford, what president initially didn't appoint a Chief of Staff but later did?
Answer: Jimmy Carter
Question: What 19th century informal political office did the modern role of White House Chief of Staff correspond to?
Answer: President's Private Secretary
Question: In what city were the appreciation medals minted?
Answer: Philadelphia
Question: During what period were the appreciation medals minted?
Answer: September 1958 through October 1960
Question: What were Eisenhower's initials?
Answer: D.D.E.
Question: How many appreciation medals were destroyed by the Bureau of the Mint?
Answer: 1,451
Question: What is the formal name of the Interstate Highway System?
Answer: Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways
Question: Along with Germany and Switzerland, what country contained an autobahn during the Second World War?
Answer: Austria
Question: When were "Eisenhower Interstate System" signs first posted along highways?
Answer: 1993
Question: What is another name for Eisenhower Expressway?
Answer: Interstate 290
Question: What major city is Interstate 290 close to?
Answer: Chicago
Question: At what Augusta hole was the Eisenhower Pine located?
Answer: 17th
Question: How many meters away from the Masters tee on Augusta's 17th was the Eisenhower Pine?
Answer: 192
Question: What did Eisenhower want to be done to the Eisenhower Pine?
Answer: cut down
Question: What damaged the Eisenhower Pine in February 2014?
Answer: ice storm
Question: In what year did Eisenhower propose that the pine tree named after him be removed?
Answer: 1956
Question: Where is the Bronx positioned among NYC boroughs?
Answer: northernmost
Question: What is the Bronx's population?
Answer: 1,438,159
Question: How large is the Bronx?
Answer: 42 square miles (109 km2)
Question: What is unique about the Bronx's location?
Answer: Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland
Question: What did Bronck do?
Answer: created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony
Question: When did Bronck settle in the New York area?
Answer: 1639
Question: What native tribe lived in the New York area?
Answer: Lenape
Question: What types of music the Bronx famous for?
Answer: Latin music and hip hop
Question: How poor is part of the Bronx?
Answer: one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States
Question: What neighborhoods of the Bronx are more affluent?
Answer: Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club
Question: When did the South Bronx lose quality of life?
Answer: the late 1960s and the 1970s
Question: What crime problem happened in the Bronx in the 70s?
Answer: arson
Question: Where did Bronck emigrate from?
Answer: Småland, Sweden
Question: When did Bronck reach the New York area?
Answer: spring of 1639
Question: What entity did Bronck get his land from?
Answer: the Dutch West India Company
Question: How much land did Bronck eventually own?
Answer: 500 acres
Question: What is the Bronx's county name?
Answer: The County of Bronx
Question: What is the Bronx's borough name?
Answer: Borough of the Bronx
Question: When was the Bronx created?
Answer: 1874
Question: What county was the Bronx split off from?
Answer: Westchester
Question: When was the Bronx added to?
Answer: 1898
Question: When did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River?
Answer: 1759
Question: Why did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River?
Answer: tolls were resented
Question: What strategic advantage did the Bronx's location have?
Answer: between New England and New York
Question: When was Kingsbridge built?
Answer: 1693
Question: Who owned Kingsbridge?
Answer: Frederick Philipse
Question: Parts of which towns became part of the Bronx?
Answer: Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham
Question: When was West Farms created?
Answer: 1846
Question: When was Morrisania created?
Answer: 1855
Question: When was the town of Kingsbridge created?
Answer: 1873
Question: When did New York City annex West Farms?
Answer: 1873
Question: When did New York City annex Morrisania?
Answer: 1873
Question: When did New York City annex part of Pelham?
Answer: 1895
Question: When did New York City annex part of Eastchester?
Answer: 1895
Question: What was the Bronx's population in 1900?
Answer: 200,000
Question: What was the Bronx's population in 1929?
Answer: 1.3 million
Question: When did the Bronx's income declined?
Answer: 1950–85
Question: When did the Bronx's economy regrow?
Answer: starting in the late 1980s
Question: How many Jews lived in the Bronx in 1937?
Answer: 592,185
Question: How many Jews lived in the Bronx in 2011?
Answer: 54,000
Question: What led to the Bronx's population growth?
Answer: Extensions of the New York City Subway
Question: What immigrant groups were the most prevalent in the Bronx?
Answer: Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewish Americans
Question: How much of the Bronx was Jewish in 1937?
Answer: 43.9%
Question: What is redlining?
Answer: a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas
Question: What might have encouraged landlords to abandon or destroy buildings?
Answer: rent control laws
Question: What example city service was cut back on in the Bronx?
Answer: fire-fighting
Question: What crime was common in the Bronx in the 1970s?
Answer: arson
Question: Why did some landlords burn their own buildings?
Answer: it was more lucrative to get insurance money than to refurbish or sell a building in a severely distressed area
Question: Where were poverty and unemployment the worst in the Bronx?
Answer: South Bronx
Question: What city plan helped redevelop the Bronx?
Answer: "Ten-Year Housing Plan"
Question: How many units are in the Nehemiah Homes?
Answer: about 1,000
Question: Who built the Nehemiah Homes?
Answer: Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx
Question: Who led the Melrose Commons project?
Answer: Nos Quedamos
Question: How many bank branches were in the Bronx by 2007?
Answer: 149
Question: What award did the Bronx receive in 1997?
Answer: All America City
Question: Who gave the Bronx an award in 1997?
Answer: the National Civic League
Question: How were window decals used in the Bronx in the 1980s?
Answer: pictures of potted plants and drawn curtains were placed in the windows of abandoned buildings
Question: How many housing units were built in the Bronx in 2002-2007?
Answer: 33,687
Question: How much was invested in housing in the Bronx in 2002-2007?
Answer: $4.8 billion
Question: What was the largest armory in the world?
Answer: Kingsbridge Armory
Question: What is Kingsbridge Armory being turned into?
Answer: Kingsbridge National Ice Center
Question: Where is a La Quinta being built in the Bronx?
Answer: the Mott Haven waterfront
Question: How much development space would a Concourse Yard platform provide?
Answer: 2,000,000 square feet
Question: How much would a Concourse Yard platform cost?
Answer: US$350–500 million
Question: What's on the other side of the Hudson from the Bronx?
Answer: Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs
Question: What county is Tenafly in?
Answer: Bergen County
Question: What state is Alpine in?
Answer: New Jersey
Question: What's on the other side of the Harlem River from the Bronx?
Answer: Manhattan
Question: What's on the other side of the East River from the Bronx?
Answer: Queens
Question: Where is the Bronx's highest point?
Answer: in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School
Question: What part of the Bronx formerly a salt marsh?
Answer: southeastern
Question: What are the Bronx's four low peninsulas?
Answer: Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throg's Neck
Question: What is Rodman's Neck between?
Answer: Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island
Question: How long is the Bronx's shoreline?
Answer: 75 square miles
Question: How many types of trees are in Crotona Park?
Answer: 28
Question: How large is Crotona Park's lake?
Answer: 3.3-acre
Question: When was the Jerome Park Reservoir built?
Answer: in the 1890s
Question: What do the NY Botanical Gardens preserve?
Answer: the last patch of the original hemlock forest that once covered the entire county
Question: In what river does the Bronx have 4 peninsulas?
Answer: East River
Question: What is NYC's largest park?
Answer: Pelham Bay Park
Question: Where is Pelham Bay Park?
Answer: along the Westchester-Bronx border
Question: What parts of West Bronx are more affluent?
Answer: Riverdale and Fieldston.
Question: What is NYC's 4th-largest park?
Answer: Van Cortlandt Park
Question: Where is Van Cortlandt Park?
Answer: along the Westchester-Bronx border
Question: What is the Grand Concourse?
Answer: a wide boulevard
Question: Why has the supposed size of the 'South Bronx' grown?
Answer: The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places
Question: When was Fordham Road being used as the limit of the South Bronx area?
Answer: by the 2000s
Question: Which river is the eastern edge of the South Bronx?
Answer: The Bronx River
Question: Which stadium is in the South Bronx?
Answer: Yankee Stadium
Question: Which direction does the Cross Bronx Expressway run through the South Bronx?
Answer: east to west
Question: What is the main retail area of the South Bronx?
Answer: The Hub–Third Avenue Business Improvement District
Question: Which streets demarcate The Hub BID?
Answer: East 149th Street, Willis, Melrose and Third Avenues
Question: What is The Hub's nickname?
Answer: "the Broadway of the Bronx"
Question: What shape is The Hub?
Answer: bow-tie
Question: How much land was the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market built on?
Answer: 17 acres
Question: How much did the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market cost?
Answer: $500 million
Question: How many floors does the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market's parking garage have?
Answer: six
Question: How many cars can the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market's parking garage hold?
Answer: 2,600
Question: What part of Manhattan are the West Bronx's streets similar to?
Answer: northernmost part of upper Manhattan
Question: What is the lowest street number seen in the Bronx?
Answer: 132nd
Question: What was the Bronx called in the mid-19th century?
Answer: the Northside
Question: When was the Bronx added to NYC?
Answer: the mid-19th century
Question: How much of the Bronx's population is Hispanic?
Answer: 53.5%
Question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic Black?
Answer: 30.1%
Question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic White?
Answer: 10.9%
Question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic Asian?
Answer: 3.4%
Question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic multiracial?
Answer: 1.2%
Question: How much of the Bronx speaks Spanish at home?
Answer: 46.29%
Question: How much of the Bronx speaks English at home?
Answer: 44.02%
Question: How much of the Bronx speaks African languages at home?
Answer: 2.48%
Question: How much of the Bronx speaks French at home?
Answer: 0.91%
Question: How much of the Bronx speaks Chinese at home?
Answer: 0.50%
Question: How much of the Bronx is white (including Hispanic) as of 2009?
Answer: 22.9%
Question: How much of the Bronx was non-Hispanic white as of 1980?
Answer: 12.1%
Question: How much of the Bronx was non-Hispanic white as of 2009?
Answer: 34.4%
Question: How many white people live in the Bronx?
Answer: 320,640
Question: How many non-Hispanic white people live in the Bronx?
Answer: 168,570
Question: How much of the Bronx's population is black (including Hispanic)?
Answer: 35.4%
Question: How much of the Bronx's population is black (not including Hispanic)?
Answer: 30.8%
Question: How many Bronx residents called themselves "Sub-Saharan African" in 2009?
Answer: Over 61,000
Question: What percent of Bronx residents called themselves "Sub-Saharan African" in 2009?
Answer: 4.4%
Question: How many people in the Bronx are black (not including Hispanic)?
Answer: 430,600
Question: What percent of the Bronx is Hispanic and Latino Americans?
Answer: 52.0%
Question: What percent of the Bronx is Puerto Rican?
Answer: 23.2%
Question: What percent of the Bronx is Mexican?
Answer: 5.2%
Question: What percent of the Bronx is Cuban?
Answer: 0.7%
Question: What percent of the Bronx is Asian?
Answer: 3.6%
Question: How many multiracial people live in the Bronx?
Answer: over 41,800
Question: What percent of the Bronx is multiracial?
Answer: 3.0%
Question: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and African American heritage?
Answer: 0.5%
Question: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage?
Answer: 0.2%
Question: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and Asian heritage?
Answer: 0.1%
Question: When was the 'one man, one vote' decision?
Answer: 1964
Question: Which amendment contains the Equal Protection Clause?
Answer: Fourteenth
Question: When were Borough Presidents created?
Answer: 1898
Question: When was the Board of Estimate found unconstitutional?
Answer: 1989
Question: Why was the Board of Estimate found unconstitutional?
Answer: Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island, the least populous borough
Question: When did Carrion Jr. retire as Borough President?
Answer: March 1, 2009
Question: When was Carrion Jr. first elected Borough President?
Answer: 2001
Question: When was Carrion Jr. re-elected Borough President?
Answer: 2005
Question: Who succeeded Carrion Jr.?
Answer: Rubén Díaz, Jr.
Question: When was Diaz Jr. elected?
Answer: April 21, 2009
Question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Clinton get?
Answer: 61.2%
Question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Obama get?
Answer: 37.8%
Question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did McCain get?
Answer: 54.4%
Question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Romney get?
Answer: 20.8%
Question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Huckabee get?
Answer: 8.2%
Question: Who did the Bronx support for President in 1928?
Answer: Al Smith
Question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Hughes get?
Answer: 42.6%
Question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Wilson get?
Answer: 42.6%
Question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Benson get?
Answer: 7.3%
Question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1948 did Truman get?
Answer: 55%
Question: Who was the only Republican Mayor candidate to win the Bronx since 1914?
Answer: Fiorello La Guardia
Question: Who did the Bronx vote against for mayor in 1997?
Answer: Rudolph Giuliani
Question: Who did the Bronx vote against for mayor in 2005?
Answer: Michael Bloomberg
Question: What party was Hillquit?
Answer: Socialist
Question: How much of the Bronx vote did Hillquit get in 1917?
Answer: over 31%
Question: How many students attended the Bronx public noncharter schools as of 2000?
Answer: nearly 280,000
Question: How many students attended the Bronx public and private schools as of 2000?
Answer: 333,100
Question: Which religious organizations run private schools in the Bronx?
Answer: the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York and Jewish organizations
Question: Which entity runs the Bronx's public noncharter schools?
Answer: The New York City Department of Education
Question: What percent of the Bronx population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?
Answer: 62.3%
Question: What percent of the Bronx population has a university degree, as of 2000?
Answer: 14.6%
Question: What percent of the Brooklyn population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?
Answer: 68.8%
Question: What percent of the Staten Island population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?
Answer: 82.6%
Question: What percent of the Manhattan population has a university degree, as of 2000?
Answer: 49.4%
Question: Which of NYC's prestigious nonreligious private schools are in the Bronx?
Answer: Fieldston, Horace Mann, and Riverdale Country School
Question: Where is the High School for Violin and Dance?
Answer: The Bronx
Question: Where is the Validus Prepatory Academy?
Answer: The Bronx
Question: Where is the School for Excellence?
Answer: The Bronx
Question: Where is the DeWitt Clinton High School?
Answer: The Bronx
Question: When did NYC begin splitting up the large Bronx high schools?
Answer: 1990s
Question: Which Bronx schools have been closed or made smaller?
Answer: John F. Kennedy, James Monroe, Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, Adlai Stevenson, Evander Childs, Christopher Columbus, Morris, Walton, and South Bronx High Schools
Question: What type of schools is NYC now working on shrinking?
Answer: large middle schools
Question: When did a PBS documentary air about the Bronx's music history?
Answer: 2006
Question: What PBS documentary covered the Bronx's music history?
Answer: "From Mambo to Hip Hop: A South Bronx Tale"
Question: Where did DJ Kool Herc hold parties?
Answer: 1520 Sedgwick Avenue
Question: Who produced 'From Mambo To Hip Hop'?
Answer: City Lore
Question: Where is 1520 Sedgwick?
Answer: just north of the Cross Bronx Expressway and hard along the Major Deegan Expressway
Question: Who were the Herculoids?
Answer: Herc, Coke La Rock, and DJ Clark Kent
Question: What is 'The Boogie Down'?
Answer: The Bronx
Question: Where is Big Pun from?
Answer: the Bronx
Question: What types of music did hip hop emerge from?
Answer: funk, disco and soul
Question: Who started BDP?
Answer: KRS-One
Question: Where was the first Yankee Stadium?
Answer: on 161st Street and River Avenue
Question: How many times have the Yankees won the World Series?
Answer: 27
Question: Which historic great players have played at Yankee Stadium?
Answer: Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Whitey Ford, Yogi Berra, Mickey Mantle, Reggie Jackson, Derek Jeter and Mariano Rivera
Question: What league are the NY Yankees in?
Answer: Major League Baseball
Question: Where are many of the Bronx's playwrights from?
Answer: Latin America and Africa
Question: How many seats does the Pregones' new theater have?
Answer: 130
Question: What does the Pregones specialize in?
Answer: Latin American work
Question: When did the Pregones' new theater open?
Answer: 2005
Question: Where is the Pregones' new theater?
Answer: on Walton Avenue in the South Bronx
Question: When did the Bronx Museum of the Arts open?
Answer: 1971
Question: What types of art does the Bronx Museum of the Arts focus on?
Answer: 20th century and contemporary art
Question: How large are the Bronx Museum of the Arts' galleries?
Answer: 11,000 square feet
Question: How many works are in the Bronx Museum of the Arts' permanent collection?
Answer: more than 800
Question: Who designed the Bronx Museum of the Arts' 2006 expansion?
Answer: Arquitectonica
Question: Where was Heinrich Heine born?
Answer: Düsseldorf
Question: When was Heine born?
Answer: 1797
Question: When did Heine die?
Answer: 1856
Question: What ethnicity is Carl Schurz?
Answer: German-American
Question: When was Herter born?
Answer: 1846
Question: What was Herter's career?
Answer: sculptor
Question: Where was Herter's Heine memorial placed in 1899?
Answer: 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park
Question: Where was Herter's Heine memorial moved in 1999?
Answer: 161st Street and the Concourse
Question: Who designed the City Island Historical Society and Nautical Museum's building?
Answer: C. B. J. Snyder
Question: What was the City Island Historical Society and Nautical Museum's building originally?
Answer: a former public school
Question: Where is the NY Maritime College?
Answer: Fort Schuyler
Question: What is 'Scullers' Row'?
Answer: the Harlem River
Question: Which river is near the New York Botanical Gardens?
Answer: Bronx River
Question: Who is the Riverdale Press's editor?
Answer: Bernard Stein
Question: When did Stein win a Pulitzer?
Answer: 1998
Question: Why did Stein win a Pulitzer?
Answer: for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues
Question: Where did Stein graduate from?
Answer: the Bronx High School of Science
Question: Where is the official city TV station broadcast from?
Answer: Bronx Community College
Question: What channel in the Bronx does Cablevision run?
Answer: News 12 The Bronx
Question: What is the Bronx's only 4-year CUNY college?
Answer: Herbert H. Lehman College
Question: Where was 'From This Day Forward' set?
Answer: Highbridge
Question: When was 'The Catered Affair' released?
Answer: 1956
Question: What did 'The Catered Affair' explore?
Answer: working class Bronx life
Question: What was 'Summer of Sam' about?
Answer: an Italian-American Bronx community
Question: Where was arson a big problem in the Bronx?
Answer: the South Bronx
Question: When was the phrase "The Bronx is burning" first widespread?
Answer: 1974
Question: Who made a documentary called "The Bronx is burning"?
Answer: BBC
Question: Who published an editorial called "The Bronx is burning"?
Answer: New York Times
Question: Who made a film called 'Bronx Burning'?
Answer: Edwin Pagan
Question: When was 'The Wanderers' published?
Answer: 1974
Question: When was 'The Wanderers' movie released?
Answer: 1979
Question: When was 'A Bronx Tale' released?
Answer: 1993
Question: When was 'Fuga dal Bronx' released?
Answer: 2005
Question: What origin was 'Escape 2000'?
Answer: Italian
Question: What genre was 'True Love'?
Answer: comedy
Question: Who starred in 'True Love'?
Answer: Annabella Sciorra and Ron Eldard
Question: Whose real story is 'Awakenings' based on?
Answer: Oliver Sacks
Question: What is Sacks' career?
Answer: neurologist
Question: When was 'A Kind of Alaska' performed?
Answer: 1985
Question: Who wrote 'A Kind of Alaska'?
Answer: Harold Pinter
Question: When was 'City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder' published?
Answer: 1948
Question: How much of 'City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder' is set in the Bronx?
Answer: about half
Question: Who wrote 'City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder'?
Answer: Herman Wouk
Question: When was 'The Grand Concourse' published?
Answer: 2007
Question: Who wrote 'The Grand Concourse'?
Answer: Jacob M. Appel
Question: Who wrote 'Bonfire of the Vanities'?
Answer: Tom Wolfe
Question: When was 'Bonfire of the Vanities' published?
Answer: 1987
Question: Who was the main character of 'Bonfire of the Vanities'?
Answer: Sherman McCoy
Question: What race was Sherman McCoy?
Answer: white
Question: Where did McCoy get lost?
Answer: off the Major Deegan Expressway in the South Bronx
Question: What action in 2007 by national governments prevented the collapse of large financial institutions?
Answer: bailout of banks
Question: How much estimated consumer wealth was lost as a result of the financial crisis of 2007?
Answer: trillions of U.S. dollars
Question: What is the date the active phase of the financial crisis began as a liquidity crisis?
Answer: August 9, 2007
Question: What year did the global recession that followed the financial crisis of 2007 end?
Answer: 2012
Question: What was the name of the company that terminated withdrawals from three hedge funds in 2007 citing a liquidity crisis?
Answer: BNP Paribas
Question: What year did Congress pass the American Recover and Reinvestment Act?
Answer: 2009
Question: Overvaluation of bundled subprime mortgages was based on the theory that housing prices would continue to do this?
Answer: escalate
Question: One of the causes of the financial crisis was easier access to loans by this type borrower?
Answer: subprime
Question: In 2007, banks and insurance companies did not have adequate holdings of which type to back their financial commitments?
Answer: capital
Question: What is the name of the U.S. Senate report giving their conclusions for the cause of the crisis?
Answer: Levin–Coburn Report
Question: Which act was repealed in 1999 effectively removing the separation between investment and deposit banks?
Answer: Glass-Steagall Act
Question: What is the name of the commission who concluded the financial crisis was avoidable?
Answer: Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
Question: What agency failed to accurately price risk involved in mortgage-related financial products?
Answer: credit rating agencies
Question: What practices should have been adjusted by governments to address 21st-century financial markets?
Answer: regulatory
Question: What are MBS as related to the housing and credit booms?
Answer: mortgage-backed securities
Question: What are CDO as related to the housing and credit booms?
Answer: collateralized debt obligations
Question: When housing prices declined, who reported significant losses from being heavily invested in subprime MBS?
Answer: major global financial institutions
Question: Who could invest in the U.S. housing market through MBS and CDO?
Answer: institutions and investors around the world
Question: MBS and CDO derive their value from?
Answer: mortgage payments and housing prices
Question: What year did the foreclosure epidemic begin?
Answer: late 2006
Question: How much are total losses estimated to be from falling home prices?
Answer: trillions of U.S. dollars
Question: What is the financial incentive when a home is worth less than the mortgage loan?
Answer: foreclosure
Question: What other financial instruments had significant defaults and losses as a result of the crisis expanding from housing to other parts of the economy?
Answer: other loan types
Question: What continues to drain consumer wealth and erode the strength of banks?
Answer: foreclosure epidemic
Question: What institutions are not subject to the same regulations as commercial banks?
Answer: investment banks and hedge funds
Question: What process caused the financial system to both expand and become fragile?
Answer: financialization
Question: What policy has U.S. Government emphasized from the 1970's onward?
Answer: deregulation
Question: Since the 1970's, what has emphasized deregulation to encourage business, but resulted in less oversight and less disclosure?
Answer: U.S. Government policy
Question: Some regulated banks did not have sufficient financial cushions in place to absorb what losses as a result of the financial crisis of 2007?
Answer: MBS
Question: What was a consequence of the large loan defaults and MBS losses in 2007?
Answer: slowing economic activity
Question: Who provided funds to encourage lending and restore faith in commercial banks in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007?
Answer: central banks
Question: Who bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs as an answer to the financial crisis of 2007?
Answer: Governments
Question: What impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend in the financial crisis of 2007?
Answer: large loan defaults or MBS losses
Question: When did the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission report its findings?
Answer: January 2011
Question: What was one of  the conclusions of the U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding the financial crisis of 2007?
Answer: the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation
Question: What agency failed to stem the tide of toxic mortgages contributing to the financial crisis of 2007?
Answer: Federal Reserve
Question: Who was not prepared for the financial crisis in 2007 by lacking a full understanding of the financial system?
Answer: key policy makers
Question: Which business sector contributed to the financial crisis by acting recklessly and taking on too much risk?
Answer: financial firms
Question: What caused mortgage lenders to relax underwriting standards and approve riskier mortgages?
Answer: tough competition
Question: In what year were high underwriting standards relaxed?
Answer: 2003
Question: What years were the worst mortgage loans originated?
Answer: 2004–2007
Question: What years had the most intense competition between securitizers and the lowest market share for GSEs?
Answer: 2004–2007
Question: Who policed mortgage originators and maintained relatively high standards prior to 2003?
Answer: government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs)
Question: How many Democratic appointees wrote the majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission?
Answer: six
Question: Who claimed that the GSE never purchased subprime loans - a claim that is widely disputed?
Answer: Paul Krugman
Question: Several reports written by various agencies  concluded that which policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis?
Answer: government affordable housing policy
Question: How many Republican appointees wrote the minority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission?
Answer: 4
Question: According to reports, which loans performed better than some loans securitized by private investment banks?
Answer: GSE loans
Question: Which government-sponsored entities had massive risky loan purchases?
Answer: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
Question: How many estimated substandard loans did Fannie and Freddie have in 2008? 
Answer: 13 million
Question: What was the value of the estimated 13 million substandard loans held by Fannie and Freddie in 2008?
Answer: over $2 trillion
Question: How many ex-executives of Fannie and Freddie were named in the SEC's December 2011 securities fraud case?
Answer: 6
Question: Peter J. Wallison believes that the one of the roots of the financial crisis can be traced to affordable housing policies by which agency in the 1990s?
Answer: HUD
Question: Which administration called for investigation into the soundness of GSEs in the early and mid-2000s?
Answer: Bush administration
Question: Who uncovered accounting discrepancies in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
Answer: Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO)
Question: On what date did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing to assess safety and soundness issues regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
Answer: September 10, 2003
Question: What was the result of the House Financial Services Committee on September 10, 2003 regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
Answer: The hearings never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation
Question: Who rebuked OFHEO in 2003 for their attempt at regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
Answer: House Financial Services Committee
Question: What was the value of mortgage lending made by Community Reinvestment Act covered lenders to low and mid level income borrowers and neighborhoods from 1993-1998?
Answer: $467 billion
Question: What percent of mortgage lending was made by Community Reinvestment Act covered lenders from 1993 to 1998?
Answer: 10%
Question: What does CRA stand for?
Answer: Community Reinvestment Act
Question: What percent of sub-prime lending occurred at CRA-covered institutions in the run-up to the financial crisis?
Answer: 25%
Question: What percent of sub-prime loans had some connection with CRA in the run-up to the financial crisis?
Answer: 25%
Question: When did CRA make rule changes to relax underwriting standards?
Answer: 1995
Question: How much were CRA loan commitments between 1994 and 2007?
Answer: $4.5 trillion
Question: What was the Federal Reserve's assumption regarding what makes a loan subprime?
Answer: high-interest-rate loans (3 percentage points over average)
Question: How did the Federal Reserve classify CRA loans?
Answer: prime
Question: When were ultra-low interest rates initiated by the Federal Reserve?
Answer: after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001
Question: What financial innovation enabled investment banks and hedge funds to make large wagers?
Answer: credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs.
Question: Credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and CDOS are all types of what?
Answer: derivatives
Question: Which magazine had an article where Michael Lewis spoke with a trader about bad loans?
Answer: Portfolio Magazine
Question: What financial innovation allows investment banks and hedge banks to make large wagers?
Answer: derivatives
Question: What are some names of derivatives?
Answer: credit default swaps, collateralized debt obligations and synthetic CDOs
Question: Peter J. Wallison believes that the huge number of these loans led to the financial crisis?
Answer: substandard
Question: What type downpayments do substandard loans generally have?
Answer: low or no downpayments
Question: According to Peter J. Wallison, why did the U.S. residential housing bubble led to financial crisis?
Answer: it was supported by a huge number of substandard loans
Question: Other countries had large residential housing bubbles that deflated during what years?
Answer: 1997–2007
Question: Peter J. Wallison's conclusions regarding the financial crisis are not in agreement with this economist's views?
Answer: Krugman
Question: Who believed that the growth of the commercial real estate bubble indicated that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis?
Answer: Krugman
Question: When did Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders issue a report about commercial mortgage-backed securities?
Answer: December 2010
Question: According to business journalist Kimberly Amadeo, when did the first signs of decline in real estate occur?
Answer: 2006
Question: What are CMBS?
Answer: commercial mortgage-backed securities
Question: According to most analysts, what crisis took place after the crisis in residential real estate?
Answer: the crisis in commercial real estate
Question: What is one investment assigned safe ratings by the credit rating agencies?
Answer: collateralized debt obligation
Question: How much was invested worldwide in fixed income investments?
Answer: $70 trillion
Question: How much did the pool of money invested worldwide in fixed income investments grow in size from 2000 to 2007?
Answer: roughly doubled in size
Question: What is an example of a product Wall Street invented to answer the demand for income generating investments?
Answer: mortgage-backed security
Question: In the 2000s, investors were seeking higher yields than those offered by this investment?
Answer: U.S. Treasury bonds
Question: What is the name of the securities that enabled financial institutions to obtain investor funds to finance subprime?
Answer: collateralized debt obligation
Question: What was the outcome of collateralized debt obligations?
Answer: extending or increasing the housing bubble
Question: What type ratings did securities first in line receive from rating agencies?
Answer: investment-grade ratings
Question: What type pool do collateralized debt obligations place their payments from mortgages into?
Answer: single pool
Question: What securities had lower credit ratings but potentially a higher rate of return?
Answer: Securities with lower priority
Question: How much had average U.S. housing prices declined by September 2008?
Answer: over 20%
Question: When was the peak of U.S. housing prices?
Answer: mid-2006
Question: How many foreclosure proceedings were initiated by lenders in 2007?
Answer: nearly 1.3 million
Question: What was the percentage increase on foreclosure proceedings from 2007 to 2008?
Answer: 81%
Question: How many U.S. mortgages were either delinquent or in foreclosure by September 2009?
Answer: 14.4%
Question: Was was the federal funds rate target lowered to by the Federal Reserve in 2003?
Answer: 1.0%
Question: What is one reason the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target to 1.0% in 2003?
Answer: to combat a perceived risk of deflation
Question: In the early 2000s, what type bubble did some economists believe the Fed needed to create to replace the Nasdaq bubble?
Answer: a housing bubble
Question: What contributed greatly to the severity of the financial crisis of 2007?
Answer: excessive credit growth
Question: What encouraged borrowing from 2000 to 2003?
Answer: Lower interest rates
Question: Per Bernanke, how much did the U.S. current account deficit increase between 1996 and 2004?
Answer: $650 billion
Question: What percentage of GDP was the U.S. current account deficit in 2004?
Answer: 5.8%
Question: What emerging economies did the U.S. borrow money from between 1996 and 2004 to finance its imports?
Answer: Asia and oil-exporting nations
Question: What type account is needed by the U.S. to balance an account deficit?
Answer: capital account
Question: Where did the U.S. obtain capital to finance its imports?
Answer: foreign funds
Question: What does ARM stand for:
Answer: adjustable-rate mortgage
Question: How do asset prices generally move in relation to interest rates?
Answer: inversely
Question: Beginning in July 2004, what did the Fed do to make ARM rates more expensive for homeowners?
Answer: raised the Fed funds rate
Question: How did U.S. housing and financial assets react to the housing bubble burst?
Answer: dramatically declined in value
Question: Richard M. Bowen III testified to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission regarding his tenure at which financial institution?
Answer: Citigroup
Question: How many underwriters was Richard M. Bowen III responsible for at Citigroup?
Answer: 220
Question: What percent of mortgages purchased by Citigroup in 2006 were defective?
Answer: 60%
Question: In 2006, how many mortgage companies were contractually responsible to meet Citi's standards?
Answer: 1,600
Question: During 2007, what was the percent of defective mortgages not underwritten to Citi's standards?
Answer: over 80%
Question: Who was the largest residential loan due diligence and securitization surveillance company?
Answer: Clayton Holdings
Question: According to Clayton Holdings, how many mortgages issued from January 2006 to June 2007 met underwriting standards?
Answer: 54%
Question: How many investment and commercial banks were included in Clayton Holdings' analysis of January 2006 to June 2007 loans? 
Answer: 23
Question: Per Clayton's analysis of loans issued from January 2006 to June 2007, what percent of loans did not meet minimal standards of any issuer?
Answer: 28%
Question: How many mortgage loans did Clayton Holdings review in their analysis?
Answer: 900,000
Question: What is the name for lending that entices borrowers to enter into unsafe secured loans?
Answer: Predatory lending
Question: What company used a classic bait-and-switch method by advertising low interest rates?
Answer: Countrywide Financial
Question: Which type loan would the consumer be put into instead of the 1% or 1.5% interest rate loan as advertised?
Answer: adjustable rate mortgage (ARM)
Question: What was created when the interest charged was greater than the amount of interest paid?
Answer: negative amortization
Question: What type predatory lending method did Countrywide Financial use?
Answer: classic bait-and-switch
Question: Who sued Countrywide for unfair business practices and false advertising?
Answer: California Attorney General Jerry Brown
Question: What type mortgages allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments?
Answer: adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs)
Question: What happened to home equity when housing prices decreased?
Answer: disappeared
Question: Who made the decision to seize Countrywide after their financial condition deteriorated?
Answer: Office of Thrift Supervision
Question: What type credit did borrowers obtaining mortgages from Countrywide have?
Answer: weak credit
Question: What economist believed that regulations did not keep up with financial innovation?
Answer: Paul Krugman
Question: Who was the U.S. Treasury Secretary dealing with the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007?
Answer: Timothy Geithner
Question: Which group's study suggested that Basel accords encourage unconventional business practices?
Answer: OECD
Question: It has been argued that what did not keep up with financial innovation?
Answer: regulatory framework
Question: What accords possibly contributed to or reinforced the financial crisis?
Answer: Basel
Question: What type financial instruments are off-balance sheet securitization and derivatives?
Answer: complex
Question: Who bailed out financial institutions?
Answer: government
Question: Which option was nearly impossible for financial institutions to reorganize under?
Answer: bankruptcy
Question: What are the type financial instruments that were difficult for creditors and regulators to monitor?
Answer: complex financial instruments
Question: How many U.S. investment banks significantly increased their financial leverage from 2004 to 2007?
Answer: five
Question: U.S. investment banks Increased their financial leverage and also increased their vulnerability to what?
Answer: financial shock
Question: Changes in what intended to keep U.S. banks competitive with their European counterparts?
Answer: capital requirements
Question: How much debt did the top five U.S. investment banks report in fiscal year 2007?
Answer: over $4.1 trillion
Question: What financial institution went bankrupt and was liquidated in 2007?
Answer: Lehman Brothers
Question: What is an example of something that can be detrimental if too many individuals pursue the same behavior?
Answer: saving more during adverse economic conditions
Question: What is it called when too many consumers attempt to save or pay down debt at the same time?
Answer: paradox of thrift
Question: What will happen if too many consumers save or pay down debt simultaneously?
Answer: can cause or deepen a recession
Question: Who is the economist who described a "paradox of deleveraging"?
Answer: Hyman Minsky
Question: Financial institutions cannot all de-leverage simultaneously without a decline in the value of this?
Answer: their assets
Question: Who was the U.S. Federal Reserve vice-chair in April 2009?
Answer: Janet Yellen
Question: What happened soon after the massive credit crunch hit?
Answer: we were in a recession
Question: What deepened the credit crunch when demand and employment fell?
Answer: recession
Question: What was one of the actions businesses took to preserve cash?
Answer: cancelling planned investments
Question: What occurred in nearly every corner of the economy after the financial crisis of 2007?
Answer: balance sheet deleveraging
Question: What is an example of financial innovation pertinent to the financial crisis?
Answer: adjustable-rate mortgage
Question: What is the abbreviation for a form of credit insurance called credit default swaps?
Answer: CDS
Question: What is the financial innovation that bundles subprime mortgages?
Answer: mortgage-backed securities (MBS)
Question: What happened to the usage of financial innovation products in the years leading up the financial crisis?
Answer: expanded dramatically
Question: When did the issuance of CDO peak?
Answer: Q1 2007
Question: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance in Q1 2004?
Answer: $20 billion
Question: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance at it's peak in Q1 2007?
Answer: over $180 billion
Question: What percent of CDO assets were subprime and other non-prime mortgage debt in 2007?
Answer: 36%
Question: What was the estimated value of CDO issuance in Q1 2008?
Answer: under $20 billion
Question: What effect did the introduction of innovative financial products have on a single mortgage?
Answer: multiplied the number of actors connected
Question: What did institutions rely more on as increasing distance from underlying assets occurred?
Answer: indirect information
Question: What is a type of indirect information that financial institutions and investors used to judge the risk?
Answer: computer models of rating agencies
Question: In what year did a group of computer scientists build a model for ratings produced by rating agencies that turned out to be accurate for what happened in 2006-2008?
Answer: 2005
Question: What is the incremental compensation required by investors for taking on addition risk called?
Answer: pricing of risk
Question: According to several scholars, what prevented markets from correctly pricing risk before the crisis?
Answer: lack of transparency about banks' risk exposures
Question: How should risk levels have been disclosed according to several scholars?
Answer: straightforward, readily understandable format