huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa assembly plant located?
Answer: Palmela
Question: What are the main centers for the Portuguese aerospace industries?
Answer: Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor
Question: Where are the main centers of the biotech and IT industries located?
Answer: Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro
Question: With what area does Portugal compete with for tourists?
Answer: Eastern European destinations
Question: How does Portugal compete with other areas for tourists?
Answer: focus upon its niche attractions
Question: What attractions does Portugal have to offer tourists?
Answer: health, nature and rural tourism
Question: What magazine described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe?"
Answer: The Economist
Question: Between 2002 and 2007, by what percentage did the rate of unemployment change?
Answer: 65%
Question: What percentage did the unemployment rate reach in December, 2009?
Answer: 10.2%
Question: In 2009, what rating did Standard & Poor's assign to Portugal's long-term credit assessment?
Answer: negative
Question: In which year did Moody's downgrade Portugal's long-term credit assessment?
Answer: 2011
Question: What did Prime Minister Jose Socrates announce on April 6, 2011?
Answer: that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility
Question: How many times has Portugal requested external financial support?
Answer: third
Question: What provoked the first request from Portugal for financial support?
Answer: Carnation's Revolution
Question: For what reason did Moody's Investor Services downgrade nine Portuguese banks in 2011?
Answer: financial weakness
Question: In 2005, how many public employees did Portugal have for every thousand inhabitants?
Answer: 70.8
Question: What was the average number of public employees per every thousand inhabitants for the European Union in 2005?
Answer: 62.4
Question: In comparison to EU and USA standards, how was Portugal's justice system regarded?
Answer: slow and inefficient
Question: Which country had the slowest criminal justice system in Western Europe in 2005?
Answer: Italy
Question: How many judges and prosecutors does Portugal have per 100,000 inhabitants?
Answer: over 30
Question: Who was the Portugal Prime Minister in 2013?
Answer: Passos Coelho
Question: What did the Prime Minister announce during the first week of May in 2013?
Answer: significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours
Question: For what reason did Prime Minister Passos Coelho justify cutting 30000 jobs?
Answer: austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant
Question: From which entities did Portugal seek a monetary bailout from?
Answer: European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
Question: To what age did Passos Coelho increase the retirement age?
Answer: 66
Question: To what did Passos Coelho announce cuts to?
Answer: pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses
Question: Which obligatory class was abolished from Basic Education?
Answer: English
Question: What did the instituting of these policies lead to?
Answer: social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions
Question: Since when has the Portugal unemployment rate been in a falling trend?
Answer: third quarter of 2014
Question: To what percentage did the unemployment rate peak at?
Answer: 17.7%
Question: In the second quarter of 2008, what was the Portuguese unemployment rate?
Answer: 7.3%
Question: By when did the Portuguese unemployment rate pass the 10% mark?
Answer: December 2009
Question: What are the tourist hotspots in Portugal?
Answer: Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra
Question: Where do 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit in Portugal every year?
Answer: Fátima
Question: What apparitions reportedly took place in 1917?
Answer: Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children
Question: What tourist destinations are the Portuguese government continuing to promote and develop?
Answer: Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo
Question: What is the 16th European city to attract the most tourists?
Answer: Lisbon
Question: What prompted transportation improvements in Portugal in the 1970's?
Answer: fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles
Question: After joining the European Economic Community in the 90's, what did Portugal begin building?
Answer: new motorways
Question: How long is Portugal's total road network?
Answer: 68,732 km (42,708 mi)
Question: In which year was the first motorway opened in Portugal?
Answer: 1944
Question: How much land does the Continental Portugal cover?
Answer: 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi)
Question: How many national airports does Portugal have?
Answer: four
Question: Near what cities are the Portuguese airports located?
Answer: Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja
Question: Why is Lisbon a popular stopover for many foreign airlines?
Answer: geographical position
Question: What is the primary flag-carrier in Portugal?
Answer: TAP Portugal
Question: What entity supports and administrates Portugal's railway system?
Answer: Comboios de Portugal
Question: How long is the total railway system in Portugal?
Answer: 2,791 km (1,734 mi)
Question: How long is the amount of railway lines that are electrified?
Answer: 1,430 km (889 mi)
Question: How long is the amount of railway lines that permit speeds greater than 120 km/h?
Answer: 900 km (559 mi)
Question: What are the two subway systems in Portugal?
Answer: Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area
Question: How long are each of the subway systems?
Answer: more than 35 km (22 mi)
Question: By what company have the Lisbon tram services been supplies by?
Answer: Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris)
Question: For how long has the Libon tram service existed?
Answer: over a century
Question: In what type of network are most scientific research studies conducted in Portugal?
Answer: R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions
Question: What is one example of a state-managed autonomous research institution?
Answer: INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação
Question: By which ministry is authority granted for funding and managing Portugal's research system?
Answer: Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES)
Question: What are two of the large non-state run research institutions in Portugal?
Answer: Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation
Question: What is the Champalimaud Foundation?
Answer: neuroscience and oncology research centre
Question: What does the Champalimaud Foundation award every year?
Answer: one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world
Question: In what year was the Sciences Academy of Lisbon founded?
Answer: 1779
Question: What is the name of the largest European aquarium?
Answer: Lisbon Oceanarium
Question: What does the state agency Ciencia Viva promote?
Answer: scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population
Question: What are some examples of notable organizations focused on scientific exhibitions?
Answer: Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the National Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon, and the Visionarium
Question: What was responsible for creating thousands of scientific, technological, and knowledge-based businesses?
Answer: the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world
Question: What are some examples of the science parks being built in Portugal?
Answer: Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal)
Question: For what reason to companies locate in the Portuguese science parks?
Answer: take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support
Question: What are the two most considerable sources of renewable energy in Portugal?
Answer: wind and river power
Question: Where was Moura Photovoltaic Power Station located?
Answer: Moura, in the south
Question: Where was the Agucadoura Wave Farm located?
Answer: Norte region
Question: By the end of 2006, what percentage of Portugal's energy production was from renewable sources?
Answer: 29%
Question: What is the name of Portugal's national energy transmission company?
Answer: Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN)
Question: What does REN do?
Answer: uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants
Question: Through what renewable resource had Portugal generated electricity before the solar/wind revolution?
Answer: hydropower plants on its rivers
Question: What is used to pump water uphill in Portugal?
Answer: wind-driven turbines
Question: How did the Portuguese government encourage rooftop solar panels?
Answer: setting a premium price
Question: What was the Portuguese population in 2011?
Answer: 10,562,178
Question: What percentage of the Portuguese population in 2011 was female?
Answer: 52%
Question: What percentage of the Portuguese population in 2011 was male?
Answer: 48%
Question: What is the dominant religion in Portugal?
Answer: Catholicism
Question: What were the Moors who converted to Catholicism known as?
Answer: Mouriscos
Question: In what group of people do the Portuguese have their origin?
Answer: Paleolithic peoples
Question: When did people first start arriving in the European continent?
Answer: 45,000 years ago
Question: What is the main population source of the Portuguese people?
Answer: Paleolithic
Question: Which ocean does Portugal border?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean
Question: What were two of the last territories Portugal gave up?
Answer: Angola and Mozambique
Question: The vast majority of Brazilians have what ancestry in common?
Answer: Portuguese
Question: How many inhabitants did Portugal have by 2007?
Answer: 10,617,575
Question: What other religious communities exist in Portugal?
Answer: Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist
Question: What percentage of the Portuguese people identify as non-religious?
Answer: 6.8%
Question: What percentage of the Portuguese population did not give an answer for their religion in the 2011 census?
Answer: 8.3%
Question: In what centuries did the Roman Catholic Church play a role in the reconquest?
Answer: 13th and 14th
Question: What changed the role and importance of organized religion in Portugal?
Answer: formation of the First Portuguese Republic
Question: During what years did the formation of the First Portuguese Republic take place?
Answer: 1910–26
Question: On what date did the Battle of Ourique take place?
Answer: 25 July 1139
Question: Afonso heard Jesus promising what?
Answer: victories for the coming battles, as well as God's wish to act through Afonso
Question: Why did God want to act through Afonso?
Answer: in order to create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands
Question: What type of language is Portuguese?
Answer: Romance
Question: Where did Portuguese originate?
Answer: Galicia and Northern Portugal
Question: What was the common name of the Galician and Portuguese people?
Answer: Galician-Portuguese
Question: By what group of people is Portuguese derived?
Answer: Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
Question: Between what years did Portugal establish a colonial and commercial empire?
Answer: 1415 and 1999
Question: In how many continents is Portuguese spoken as a native language?
Answer: five
Question: What country has the largest number of native Portuguese speakers?
Answer: Brazil
Question: Portuguese primary school enrollment is close to what percent?
Answer: 100 percent
Question: What percentage of college-age citizens attend a higher education institution in Portugal?
Answer: Over 35%
Question: What percentage of college-age citizens attend a higher education institution in the United States?
Answer: 50%
Question: Where was the oldest Portuguese university established?
Answer: Lisbon
Question: Where did the oldest Portuguese university relocate to?
Answer: Coimbra
Question: What is the oldest engineering school of the Americas?
Answer: the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro
Question: What is the oldest medical college in Asia?
Answer: the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica of Goa
Question: What are most higher education student costs supported with?
Answer: public money
Question: Over what age are higher education applicants considered mature?
Answer: over 23 years old
Question: What is the Ministry of Health responsible for?
Answer: developing health policy as well as managing the SNS
Question: How many regional health administrations exist in Portugal?
Answer: Five
Question: What are the regional health administrations in charge of?
Answer: implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery
Question: What are the two main components of cardiovascular disease?
Answer: ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease
Question: What is the biggest killer in Portugal?
Answer: cerebrovascular disease
Question: What percentage of Portuguese people die less often from cancer than in the Eur-A?
Answer: 12%
Question: Who is cancer more common among in Portugal?
Answer: children as well as among women younger than 44 years
Question: What survey results complement on data on health status?
Answer: self-reporting at the household level
Question: What number of Portuguese adults rated their health as good or very good?
Answer: one third
Question: Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities during what two decades?
Answer: 1990s and 2000s
Question: In what year was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established?
Answer: 1956
Question: Where was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established?
Answer: Lisbon
Question: What are some examples of Portugal's public cultural facilities?
Answer: Belém Cultural Centre in Lisbon, Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Música
Question: How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites is Portugal home to?
Answer: fifteen
Question: What is the Manueline style?
Answer: a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century
Question: What is Soft Portuguese style?
Answer: A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture
Question: Who are some of the most renowned architects to come from Portugal?
Answer: Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira (both Pritzker Prize winners) and Gonçalo Byrne
Question: For what is Tomas Taveira particularly noteworthy for in Portugal?
Answer: stadium design
Question: Who are some examples of Portuguese film directors?
Answer: Arthur Duarte, António Lopes Ribeiro, António Reis, Pedro Costa, Manoel de Oliveira, João César Monteiro, António-Pedro Vasconcelos, Fernando Lopes
Question: Who are some noted Portuguese actors?
Answer: Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lúcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado
Question: What epic poem did Luís de Camões write?
Answer: "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads)
Question: What was Luís de Camões main influence?
Answer: Virgil's Aeneid
Question: What styles are modern Portuguese poetry rooted in?
Answer: neoclassic and contemporary styles
Question: Who are some modern Portuguese authors?
Answer: Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga
Question: Other than bacalhau, what are two other popular fish recipes in Portugal?
Answer: grilled sardines and caldeirada
Question: What is caldeirada?
Answer: a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish
Question: What meats are often used in Portuguese recipes?
Answer: beef, pork, lamb, or chicken
Question: What are two popular Northern Portugal dishes?
Answer: arroz de sarrabulho (rice stewed in pigs blood) or the arroz de cabidela (rice and chickens meat stewed in chickens blood)
Question: What are three examples of fast food dishes in Portugal?
Answer: Francesinha (Frenchie) from Porto, and bifanas (grilled pork) or prego (grilled beef) sandwiches
Question: Where does the Portuguese art of pastry have its origins?
Answer: in the many medieval Catholic monasteries spread widely across the country
Question: What are the main ingredients used to make pastries in the monasteries?
Answer: almonds, flour, eggs and some liquor
Question: What are two examples of Portuguese pastries?
Answer: pastéis de Belém (or pastéis de nata) originally from Lisbon, and ovos moles from Aveiro
Question: Since when have Portuguese wines garnished international recognition?
Answer: since the times of the Romans
Question: With which Roman God was Portugal associated with?
Answer: Bacchus
Question: What are some of the best Portuguese wines?
Answer: Vinho Verde, Vinho Alvarinho, Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho da Bairrada and the sweet: Port Wine, Madeira Wine
Question: Which two Portuguese wines are especially enjoyed around the world?
Answer: Port and Madeira
Question: What are a couple examples of Summer music festivals held in Portugal?
Answer: Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar, Festival de Paredes de Coura in Paredes de Coura, Festival Vilar de Mouros near Caminha,
Question: What are a couple examples of non-Summer music festivals in Portugal?
Answer: Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto
Question: What is the Boom Festival?
Answer: one of the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in central Portugal every two years
Question: What international awards have been won by the Boom Festival?
Answer: European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010
Question: In which year did Portugal hold the MTV Europe Music Awards?
Answer: 2005
Question: What are some examples of classical pianists from Portugal?
Answer: Artur Pizarro, Maria João Pires, Sequeira Costa
Question: What are some examples of classical violinists from Portugal?
Answer: Carlos Damas, Gerardo Ribeiro
Question: Who are some notable musical composers from Portugal?
Answer: José Vianna da Motta, Carlos Seixas, João Domingos Bomtempo, João de Sousa Carvalho, Luís de Freitas Branco and his student Joly Braga Santos
Question: Who are some contemporary composers from Portugal?
Answer: Nuno Malo and Miguel d'Oliveira
Question: In which century did Portugal see the arrival of Modernism?
Answer: 20th century
Question: By what group was Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso most heavily influenced by?
Answer: French painters, particularly by the Delaunays
Question: What is one of Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso's best known works?
Answer: Canção Popular a Russa e o Fígaro
Question: Who are some of the most prominent modern visual artists in Portugal?
Answer: Vieira da Silva, Júlio Pomar, Helena Almeida, Joana Vasconcelos, Julião Sarmento and Paula Rego
Question: What is still a major symbol of Portuguese football history?
Answer: Eusébio
Question: Who are two examples of the top football players born in Portugal?
Answer: Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo
Question: What award did both Luís Figo and Cristiano Ronaldo win?
Answer: FIFA World Player of the Year
Question: Who are some of the most renowned football managers in Portugal?
Answer: José Mourinho, André Villas-Boas, Fernando Santos, Carlos Queiroz and Manuel José
Question: What are the three largest sports clubs by popularity in Portugal?
Answer: SL Benfica, FC Porto, and Sporting CP
Question: What are the three largest sports club by popularity in Portugal known as?
Answer: "os três grandes" ("the big three")
Question: How many titles in the European UEFA club competitions have "the big three" won?
Answer: eight
Question: Other than football, what other sports are popular in Portugal?
Answer: roller hockey, basketball, futsal, handball, and volleyball
Question: By what entity is the Algarve Cup hosted?
Answer: Portuguese Football Federation (FPF)  – Federação Portuguesa de Futebol
Question: What can be seen as of essential importance to a practiced of humanism?
Answer: human beings
Question: What is a common tenant of humanism?
Answer: freedom and progress
Question: These days humanism could be viewed as a form of what?
Answer: secularism
Question:  What can be credited for the changes in the definition of humanism? 
Answer: intellectual movements
Question: Instead of turning to a spiritual or divine source practicers of humanism turn to what?
Answer: science
Question: What can be seen as no importance to the practice of humanism?
Question: What is a fake tenant of humanism?
Question: What is humanism no longer viewed as a form of?
Question: What had no influence on the changes in the definition of humanism?
Question: What does humanism condemn instead of turning to a spiritual or divine source?
Question: Who has disagreed with this connotation of the word?
Answer: Gellius
Question: In which period did Gellius gain fame?
Answer: Italian Renaissance
Question: Who is credited with clarifying and making the term humanitas commonplace?
Answer: Cicero
Question: What is the characteristic that most separates humans from animals?
Answer: speech
Question: What was humanism once considered worse than?
Question: Who can't disagree with a connotation of a word?
Question: Which period did Gellius lose fame?
Question: Who is credited with clarifying and making the term humanitas forbidden?
Question: What is the characteristic that most indicates why humans are the same as robots?
Question:  At the time of the French Revolution what previous focus of humanism was removed?
Answer: supernatural
Question: Protestantism differs from Humanism in its focus is on what?
Answer: supernatural
Question: What do current tenants humanism have their origins in?
Answer: 18th-century Enlightenment
Question: What was a name for humanism believers who emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
Answer: Religious Humanism
Question: What previous focus of humanism was required at the time of the French Revolution?
Question: What makes Protestantism the exact same as Humanism?
Question: What do current tenants of humanism avoid?
Question: What was a name for humanism believers who emerged in the late 12th and early 13th centuries?
Question:  In what year did the term humanism gain yet another layer of meaning?
Answer: 1808
Question: Who can be credited with assisting the word humanism with finding a home in the English language?
Answer: Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer
Question: Who was responsible for yet another definition of the philosophy in 1856?
Answer: Georg Voigt
Question: What nation was highly receptive to the new definition of this concept?
Answer: Italy
Question: What year did the term humanism remove yet another layer of meaning?
Question: Who can be credited with assisting the word humanism with finding a barrier from the English language?
Question: Who was responsible for yet another definition of the philosophy in 1854?
Question: What nation was not receptive to the new definition of this concept?
Question: Who destroyed the term Humanismus?
Question: During which period was the philosophy of humanism next updated?
Answer: French Enlightenment
Question: What was the criticism of Humanism made by conservatives of the time?
Answer: idolatry of humanity
Question: Who continued to support the belief system despite its critics?
Answer: liberal reformers and radicals
Question: Who felt that humanism would surely be a major "religion" today?
Answer: Ernest Renan
Question: Which period was the philosophy of humanism banned?
Question: What was the criticism of Humanism made by magicians of the time?
Question: Who continued to end the belief system despite its critics?
Question: Who felt that humanism would surely be a minor "religion" today?
Question: What idea was never attacked?
Question: What was the main difference between humanism and the religions of the time?
Answer: centred on humankind
Question: What well known socialist adopted the usage of this term in Germany?
Answer: Karl Marx
Question: Who did benevolent believers in humanism turn to for ideas about the philosophy?
Answer: Greek philosophers
Question: Where did the learned believers place their focus?
Answer: linguistic and cultural disciplines
Question: What was the main avoidance between humanism and the religions of the time?
Question: What well known conservative adopted the usage of this term in Germany?
Question: Who did harmful believers in humanism turn to for ideas about the philosophy?
Question: Where did the learned believers remove their focus?
Question: Which ancient text provides an example of the humanist way of thinking?
Answer: Gathas of Zarathustra
Question: When was this writing penned?
Answer: afterlife
Question: What well know scholar was inspired by Humanism?
Answer: Voltaire
Question: Which classified text provides an example of the humanist way of thinking?
Question: What well know scholar was destroyed by Humanism?
Question: When was Gathas of Zarathustra lost forever?
Question: What well know scholar was killed by Humanism?
Question: Who was known as being a founder of humanism thought in China?
Answer: Yellow Emperor
Question: What early adopter and developer of is associated with Confucianism?
Answer: Book of History
Question: Who is known for the thought that humanity is the most important thing in the world?
Answer: Wu of Zhou
Question: Who was known as being a founder of humanism thought in Finland?
Question: What early adopter and developer is no longer associated with Confucianism?
Question: Whose words were hidden by the Book of HIstory?
Question: Who is known for the thought that humanity is the least important thing in the world?
Question: When were humanism beliefs mixed with another philosophy by a Taoist thinker?
Answer: 6th century BCE
Question: What is an example of Humanism based philosophy that focused on ethics?
Answer: Silver Rule of Confucianism
Question: Who can be credited with saying essentially humans are the gods of gods?
Answer: Ji Liang
Question: Where could you read this information?
Answer: Zuo Zhuan
Question: When were humanism beliefs separated from another philosophy by a Taoist thinker?
Question: What is an example of Humanism based philosophy that discouraged ethics?
Question: Who can be credited with saying essentially humans are the gods of humans?
Question: What classic did Ji Liang burn?
Question: Who decided to stop teaching Tao?
Question: Who was one of the first Greeks to adopt a humanistic outlook?
Answer: Thales of Miletus
Question: Where did this type of thinking next travel to?
Answer: Athens
Question: Who first introduced the idea that matter is made of atoms?
Answer: Democritus
Question: Who was the first person to provide education opportunities to females?
Answer: Epicurus
Question: Who was one of the last Greeks to adopt a humanistic outlook?
Question: Where did this type of thinking end?
Question: Who first dismissed the idea that matter is made of atoms?
Question: Who was the only person to provide education opportunities to females?
Question: Who was the only Greek philosopher to forbid women at his school?
Question: When did the first wave of Humanism reach Europe?
Answer: Middle Ages and the Early Modern period
Question: Who was thought to be the original believer of humanism in of the Renaissance period?
Answer: Petrarch
Question: The study and following of classical writers was said to be a solution to what issue?
Answer: Cicero
Question: When did the first wave of Humanism fail to reach Europe?
Question: Who was thought to be the only believer of humanism in of the Renaissance period?
Question: What issue was the study and following of classical writers said to be a problem of?
Question: Who did not understand prose?
Question: What was an intellectual movement forbidden in Europe?
Question:  What is one religious text that was thought to eventually lead to a peace between all?
Answer: the Jewish Kabbalah
Question: Who gave followers of Humanism the ability to think out of bounds?
Answer: era of universal agreement
Question: What cities may have influenced the beliefs of Gemistus Pleto?
Answer: Florence, Venice, and Rome
Question: What is one religious text that was thought to eventually lead to a war between all?
Question: Who gave followers of Humanism the ability to think inside the box?
Question: What cities may have influenced the fashion of Gemistus Pleto?
Question: Who denounced being a humanist in 1357?
Question: How were humanist able to identify the development of humanist thought?
Answer: Latin literary texts
Question: What was included in this quest for knowledge of the belief system?
Answer: Patristic literature
Question: If your were unsure of the authenticity of an ancient text how could you verify it?
Answer: philology
Question: What caused a large migration of Greek refuges in the 1450s?
Answer: Greek manuscripts
Question: How were humanist able to ruin the development of humanist thought?
Question: What was missing in this quest for knowledge of the belief system?
Question: What helps to discredit the authenticity of an ancient text?
Question: What caused a small migration of Greek refuges in the 1550s?
Question: When are these texts first able to reach a large amount of people?
Answer: Erasmus
Question:  Erasmus can be said to have lit the match that sparked a radical change in thinking in his era along with who?
Answer: Lefèvre d'Étaples
Question: What text still remained without the type of thorough review that others texts had received by the 18th century?
Answer: the Bible
Question: When are these texts first able to reach no amount of people?
Question: What text no longer remains without the type of thorough review that others texts had received by the 12th century?
Question: Where was Renaissance humanism against the law?
Question: What focused on dismissing scholarship and philology?
Question: What 18th century German school has no criticisms?
Question:  What author had a great impact in Rome?
Answer: P. Terentius Afer
Question: Who was able to spread the idea of equality among all through his words?
Answer: Terence
Question: From where did this school of thought emerge?
Answer: the Greeks
Question: Who again issued the same type of challenge centuries later
Answer: Seneca
Question: What was the name of the main belief Terence offered
Answer: universalism
Question: What author had little impact in Rome?
Question: Who was able to spread the idea of equality among all without any words?
Question: What was the name of the main belief Terence avoided?
Question: Where was no school of thought taken seriously?
Question:  Closer examination of what information allowed for further progress in scientific knowledge?
Answer: technical writings
Question: Who felt that looking to these ancient documents for new ideas was not the way to mover forward?
Answer: A. C. Crombie
Question: What group was neutral about this issue as they felt the subject unimportant? 
Answer: Renaissance humanists
Question:  When did even the scholars and professors began to at least end to examine the works of Aristotle?
Answer: 16th century,
Question: What information allowed for less progress in scientific knowledge?
Question: Who felt that looking to these ancient documents for new ideas was the best way to move forward?
Question: What group was neutral about this issue as they felt the subject too important?
Question: Who was always interested in scientific innovation?
Question: Who was forbidden to develop science?
Question: Who felt that the further examination and knowledge of studies in the arena of humanism could further art?
Answer: Leonardo da Vinci
Question: Who helped to further the movement away from Scholasticism of the time?
Answer: Juan Luis Vives
Question: Where did this initiate?
Answer: universities
Question: What type of philosophy was essential to this forwarding of thought?
Answer: Aristotelian
Question: Who felt that the further examination and knowledge of studies in the arena of humanism could limit art?
Question: Who helped to further the movement closer to Scholasticism of the time?
Question: What type of philosophy was unessential to this forwarding of thought?
Question: Who was the most famous humanist?
Question: Who was able to reconcile their religious beliefs with those of humanism?
Answer: Early humanists
Question: What phrase that has come to be associated with a lack of faith was not seen as an issue for Christians?
Answer: secular
Question: During what time period did secular have a more neutral connotation?
Answer: Renaissance
Question: Petrarch felt that although he tried to do his own form of good whose life may have more meaning?
Answer: Gherardo
Question: Who was unable to reconcile their religious beliefs with those of humanism?
Question: What phrase that has come to be associated with a lack of faith was seen as an issue for Christians?
Question: What time period did secular have an ultra-positive connotation?
Question: Who did Petrarch feel superior to in every possible way?
Question: What had a positive effect on established authority?
Question: What abolitionist was greatly affected by the writings of Comte?
Answer: Harriet Martineau
Question: What type of idea did he pose which was focused on facets of humanism?
Answer: atheistic
Question: What main idea did the English believers of Comte's philosophy take from his writings?
Answer: religion of humanity
Question: What currently used word was based in ideas from this philosopher?
Answer: altruism
Question: What abolitionist was barely affected by the writings of Comte?
Question: What type of idea did he reject which was focused on facets of humanism?
Question: What main idea did the English believers of Comte's philosophy ban from his writings?
Question: What formerly used word was based in ideas from this philosopher?
Question: What 19th century author associated his works with humanism?
Answer: F.C.S. Schiller
Question: When was the first public group for Humanist founded?
Answer: 1929
Question: Who created this group?
Answer: Charles Francis Potter
Question: When did Charles Potter and Clara Potter publish their first writings on Humanism?
Answer: 1930
Question: What 15th century author associated his works with humanism?
Question: When was the worst public group for Humanists founded?
Question: Who destroyed the First Humanist Society of New York?
Question: When did Charles Potter and Clara Potter hide their first writings on Humanism?
Question: Who burned every copy of the book Humanism: A New Religion?
Question: Who wotked with Carl Rogers on humanistic phycology?
Answer: Abraham Maslow
Question: What is human phycology?
Answer: psychological perspective
Question: In what century did humanistic phycology rise in prominence?
Answer: 20th century
Question: They introduced it in response to what?
Answer: psychoanalysis
Question: Who worked with Carl Rogers on animal psychology?
Question: What does humanistic psychology seek to misunderstand?
Question: What century did humanistic psychology lose popularity?
Question: What philosophies are now discredited?
Question: Who was not accepted in their pursuits of psychoanalysis?
Question: Who became responsible in part for the editing of The New Humanist?
Answer: Raymond B. Bragg,
Question: What was the name of the material that was produced from this groups and the opinions of others?
Answer: Humanist Manifesto
Question: How many cornerstones of this new way of thinking or religion were presented>
Answer: 15
Question: Who became responsible for the stealing of The New Humanist?
Question: What groups thoughts did he seek to exclude?
Question: What was the name of the material that was destroyed by this group and the opinions of others?
Question: What year was the Humanist Manifesto lost forever?
Question: What was the main action of humanism during the Renaissance>
Answer: cultural and educational reform
Question: When did a new term for those who followed Humanism emerge?
Answer: late fifteenth century
Question: What was the new term for believers of Humanism philosophy?
Answer: umanisti
Question: Where was one main concentration of Humanism?
Answer: Naples
Question: What was the main enemy of humanism during the Renaissance?
Question: When did a new term for those who followed Humanism become impossible?
Question: What was the unrecognized term for believers of Humanism philosophy?
Question: Where was there no concentration of Humanism?
Question: What type of philosophy was never taken seriously?
Question: What was it about the utilitatian beliefs that humanism believers did not like?
Answer: narrow pedantry
Question: What group that had been to this point neglected was included in this thought?
Answer: women
Question: What foundation of study allowed for the accomplishment of the goal of a scholarly people?
Answer: humanities
Question: Was the humanism of the time limited to scholars?
Answer: pervasive cultural mode
Question: What was it about the utilitarian beliefs that humanism believers loved?
Question: What foundation of study restricted the accomplishment of the goal of a scholarly people?
Question: What was the least pervasive cultural mode?
Question: Who disliked women the most?
Question: Who was considered an isolated imbecile?
Question: What is the main goal of humanism optimistic?
Answer: human flourishing
Question: What is human flourishing?
Answer: making life better
Question: What doesnt conetemporary humanism  believe about human nature?
Answer: purely good
Question: What is contemporary humanism upset about?
Question: What is the lowest goal of humanism?
Question: What is human flourishing against?
Question: What doesn't contemporary humanism forget about human nature being?
Question: What English mathematician had no interest in philosophy?
Question: What was included in religious humanism that was similiar to other religion?
Answer: religious rituals
Question: When did practicers of religious humanism form under the name Humanism?
Answer: 19th and early 20th centuries
Question: Who founded a religion whose cornerstone was deism?
Answer: Jacques Hébert
Question: During what time was a religious state replaced in the Notre Dame cathedral with a symbol of Humanism?
Answer: 1793
Question: What was excluded in religious humanism that was similiar to other religion?
Question: When did practicers of religious humanism stop the name Humanism?
Question: Who eliminated a religion whose cornerstone was deism?
Question: What time was a religious state replaced in the Notre Dame cathedral with a symbol of Atheism?
Question: What couldn't replace the Virgin Mary on any altars?
Question: Who was one early naysayer of Humanism?
Answer: Ezra Pound
Question: What was the main reason they disagreed with the beliefs?
Answer: sentimental
Question: Who stated Humanism creates of people placeholder?
Answer: Timothy Laurie
Question: Who stated that this argument was in fact support of Humanism?
Answer: Kate Soper
Question: Who was the last naysayer of Humanism?
Question: What was the main reason they agreed with the beliefs?
Question: Who was against Humanism the most?
Question: Who had no interest in discussing Humanism?
Question: In what century was the horrific wars?
Answer: 20th century
Question: What is the only alternative to bigotry and persecution on many occasions?
Answer: humanism
Question: Who wrote the book humanism?
Answer: Tony Davies
Question: What year was the book humanism forgotten?
Question: What century had no wars?
Question: What is the only alternative to compassion and empathy on many occasions?
Question: Who destroyed the book humanism?
Question: What did the Russian philosopher Heidegger consider himself on the model of the ancient Greeks?
Question: What allowed for a deeper understanding and personal exploration of older philosophers theories?
Answer: ancient manuscripts
Question: Who were the Humanists in agreement with about using these manuscripts in their quests for pure Christian living?
Answer: Church fathers
Question: Who was the most influential supporter of the ideals of Terence?
Answer: Saint Augustine
Question: What allowed for a more shallow understanding and personal exploration of older philosophers theories?
Question: Who were the Humanists in disagreement with about using these manuscripts in their quests for pure Christian living?
Question: Who was the least influential supporter of the ideals of Terence?
Question: Who couldn't quote a line of Terence?
Question: What principle had no applications?
Question: What writing was considered a bridge between two other major writings?
Answer: The Age of Reason
Question: Which century was the first writing from?
Answer: 18th-century
Question: Who states imply that humans are their own Gods?
Answer: Feuerbach
Question: What was the origin of the second writing?
Answer: German
Question: What writing was considered a barrier between two other major writings?
Question: Which century was the only writing from?
Question: What was the enemy of the second writing?
Question: Who disagreed with the statement "Homo homini deus est"?
Question: What formed on the outside of the earth after it cooled?
Answer: a solid crust
Question: How does the mass of the moon compare to earth?
Answer: about 10% of the Earth's mass
Question: What created a primordial atmosphere on earth?
Answer: Outgassing and volcanic activity
Question: Ice from what source helped to create earths oceans?
Answer: comets
Question: What caused the Earths early crust to become molten?
Question: What cooled allowing water to collect?
Question: What happened when water started to accumulate on the surface?
Question: What caused a piece of the earth to break of and form the moon?
Question: How does the mass of the moon compare to the earths mass?
Question: Powerful volcanism contributed to cause early earth to be in what state?
Answer: molten
Question: What occurred in the atmosphere of the earth after the crust was formed?
Answer: water began accumulating
Question: What size of object may have created the moon?
Answer: Mars
Question: When water was creating the oceans what was happening to atmospheric water vapor?
Answer: Condensing
Question: What formed as water accumulated?
Question: What cused the Earths solid crust to become molten?
Question: How does the mass of the moon compare to the mass of the Earth?
Question: What broke away a piece of the earth to form the moon?
Question: What caused water vapor to evaporate?
Question: During what time period was the Archean era?
Answer: 4,000 to 2,500 million years ago
Question: During what period did the earths crust cooling allow the creation of plates?
Answer: Archean
Question: It is believed that a very warm earth would lead to more recycling of what?
Answer: crustal material
Question: What might have a very hot earth stopped from occurring?
Answer: cratonisation and continent formation
Question: What do some believe accounts for the small amount of Archean rocks?
Answer: erosion and subsequent tectonic events
Question: During what period did tectonic activity become like it is today?
Question: What happened as the Earth's crust cooled following the Archean period?
Question: What do scientist think was made more vigerous by the Earth's cooling?
Question: What was recycled more as the earth cooled?
Question: What are Archean rocks composed of, in general?
Answer: metamorphized deep-water sediments
Question: What type of formation is indicated by low and high grade metamorphic rocks?
Answer: Greenstone
Question: From where did high grade Archean rocks originate?
Answer: volcanic island arcs
Question: Low grade metamorphic rocks are composed of what, generally?
Answer: deep-sea sediments
Question: What is a greenstone belt?
Answer: sutured protocontinents
Question: What kind od sediments where Proterozoic rocks made from?
Question: What kind od belts often formed during the Proterozoic period?
Question: What single type of rock formed Greenstone belts?
Question: What kind of volcanic rock formed low-density metamorphic rock?
Question: What kind of sediment formed high-density metamorphic rock?
Question: During what time period did the Proterozoic era occur?
Answer: 2,500 to 541 million years ago
Question: What era came before the Proterozoic era?
Answer: Archean
Question: In what type of sea did typical Proterozoic geology come to be?
Answer: shallow epicontinental seas
Question: What type of continental behavior was unique to the Proterozoic?
Answer: rapid continental accretion
Question: What is the name for the large super continent that broke apart 750 million years ago?
Answer: Rodinia
Question: What period has a more complete geological record than the Proterozoic?
Question: what was layed down in deep seas during the Proterozoic period?
Question: What was made in shallow seas during the Archean period?
Question: What type of continental behavior was a unique to the Archean period?
Question: What broke apart 750 million years ago and was called Pannotia?
Question: During what period was the Paleozoic era?
Answer: 541 to 252 million years ago
Question: How many periods of geology are within the Paleozoic era?
Answer: six
Question: The Permian is an example of what?
Answer: geologic periods
Question: After what continental event did the Paleozoic begin?
Answer: breakup of a supercontinent called Pannotia
Question: What continent was formed at the end of the Paleozoic?
Answer: Pangaea
Question: What period ended 541 million years ago?
Question: What period started right before the breakup of Pannotia?
Question: What was the scope of the ice age that began at the same time as the Paleozoic period?
Question: What was the name of the superconinent that formed at the begining of the Paleozoic?
Question: What did Pangea break into at the end of the Paleozoic?
Question: At what rough time did the Cambrian era start?
Answer: 541.0 ± 1.0 Ma.
Question: What were the continents of the Cambrian area believed to have formerly been a part of?
Answer: Pannotia
Question: What continent moved to the southern-most part of the earth in the Cambrian era?
Answer: Gondwana
Question: What continent ranged over the majority of the southern hemisphere of earth in the Cambrian?
Answer: Panthalassa
Question: Baltica and Sibera are examples of what thing, during the Cambrian era?
Answer: independent continents
Question: What period is a minor division in the geologic timescale?
Question: What supercontinent was formed from the coninents of the Cambrian?
Question: During what period were the oceans widespread and deep?
Question: What drift rates were high during the Cambrian?
Question: When did Pannotia begin to drift towards the South Pole?
Question: How long ago did the Ordovician period begin?
Answer: 485.4 ± 1.9 Ma.
Question: Which event precipitated the Ordovician period?
Answer: the Cambrian-Ordovician extinction
Question: What was the name of the large southernmost continent during the Ordovician?
Answer: Gondwana
Question: Which ocean decreased in size with the movement of Baltica in the Ordovician?
Answer: Iapetus Ocean
Question: What continent fractured off Gondwana in the direction of Laurentia?
Answer: Avalonia
Question: What was the name of the period that ended with a major extinction event?
Question: What extinction event occured at the end of the Ordocician Period?
Question: When was the extinction event that ended the Ordovician period?
Question: What contenent formed several southern coninents during the Ordovician?
Question: What continent drifted from the South Pole to the equator?
Question: What type of climate was normal in the Ordovician period?
Answer: stable greenhouse conditions
Question: What ice age signaled the end of the normal climate in the Ordovician period?
Answer: the Hirnantian faunal stage
Question: Oxygen from what kind of fossil were used to date the Hirnantian faunal stage?
Answer: brachiopods
Question: How many years is the Hirnantian faunal stage believed to have lasted?
Answer: 0.5 to 1.5 million years
Question: What started to develop on Gondwana as it moved over the south pole?
Answer: ice caps
Question: What faunel stage triggered the greenhouse conditions of the Ordovician?
Question: What showed that the ice age lasted longer than originally thought?
Question: What is know believed to have lasted more than 1.5 million years?
Question: What levels rose in the atmosphere prior to the ice age?