huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What biblical passage informs Jehovah Witnesses' refusal of blood transfusions?
Answer: Acts 15:28, 29
Question: What is grounds for expulsion from Jehovah Witnesses, since 1961?
Answer: willing acceptance of a blood transfusion
Question: What do Jehovah Witnesses accept in lieu of blood transfusions?
Answer: non-blood alternatives
Question: What does Jehovah Witnesses' literature provide about non-blood medical procedures?
Answer: information
Question: What is one of the Protestant religions who don't see blood transfusions as a big deal?
Question: When was the first non-blood alternative developed for blood transfusions?
Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses have died in the past decade due to their refusal of blood transfusions?
Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses have been expelled in the past decade for accepting a blood transfusion?
Question: What are Jehovah Witnesses allowed to accept at their discretion? 
Answer: blood plasma fractions
Question: What pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents are provided by the Watch Tower Society to prohibit?
Answer: major blood components
Question: What can Jehovah's Witnesses' members specify on the canned legal forms from the WTS?
Answer: allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept
Question: What cooperative arrangement did Jehovah's Witnesses establish?
Answer: Hospital Liaison Committees
Question: The Hospital Liaison Committees serve to bridge between hospitals, medical professionals and who?
Answer: individual Jehovah's Witnesses
Question: What is one of the Protestant religions who are fine with blood transfusions?
Question: Who decides what the limit is for allowable fractions of blood plasma fractions?
Question: What is one of the career paths many Jehovah's Witnesses choose to take?
Question: Who do most Witnesses get guidance from in regards to how much blood plasma fractions they are willing to accept?
Question: What term do Jehovah's Witnesses use for members actively involved in preaching?
Answer: publishers
Question: How many publishers did the Jehovah's Witnesses have as of August 2015?
Answer: 8.2 million
Question: How many congregations did the Jehovah's Witnesses have in 2015?
Answer: 118,016
Question: Over how many hours had Jehovah's Witnesses spent preaching and in "Bible study" activity in 2015?
Answer: 1.93 billion
Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses their worldwide growth rate to be?
Answer: 1.5% per year
Question: How many preaching members of the Witnesses are there in the United States?
Question: How many children were involved in "Bible studies" in 2015?
Question: How fast was Jehovah's Witnesses growing in the mid-1990s per year?
Question: How much time was spent in just preaching time since 2015?
Question: How much time was spent in just "Bible study" since 2015?
Question: Where do the officially published membership statistics come from?
Answer: those who submit reports for their personal ministry
Question: Only about half all Jehovah's Witnesses are actually considered what in the faith itself?
Answer: active
Question: What did a 2008 US Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey discover about Jehovah's Witnesses' retention rate?
Answer: low
Question: Only about what percentage of the people raised in the religion continue to identify themselves as Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: 37%
Question: According to a 2008 US Pew Forum report how many Protestants identify as still active in the faith they grew up in?
Question: What percentage of people who join the Jehovah's Witnesses as an adult end up being considered as inactive?
Question: What percentage of Jehovah's Witnesses end up getting disfellowshipped?
Question: In what year did US Pew Forum issue their first Religion & Public Life survey?
Question: When did Beckford study the Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: 1975
Question: What did Beckford classify the Jehovah's Witnesses organizational structure as being?
Answer: Totalizing
Question: What is the conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth?
Answer: absolutism
Question: What is the term for Jehovah's Witnesses' rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments?
Answer: world indifference
Question: Who issued a positive report about Jehovah's Witnesses in 1975?
Question: What is a profession that Jehovah's Witnesses aren't allowed to do?
Question: When was the last time there was a doctrinal change for Jehovah's Witnesses?
Question: In what year did James A. Beckford graduate from college?
Question: Who claimed there was a low rate of turnover among Jehovah's Witnesses?
Question: Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in people whose education extended no further than what?
Answer: high school graduation
Question: Compared to other religions, Jehovah's Witnesses have the highest frequency of doing what with the Bible outside of religious services?
Answer: reading
Question: What religion ranks highest in frequency of religious attendance? 
Answer: Jehovah's Witnesses
Question: Statistically, what is a Jehovah's Witnesses likely not to care about at all?
Answer: politics
Question: What do few Jehovah's Witnesses earn?
Answer: a graduate degree
Question: The members of what religion have a lot of university degrees?
Question: Educational aspiration is a hallmark of what Protestant religion?
Question: What is one of the Protestant religions that encourages people to be engaged in politics?
Question: What is one of the Protestant religions that is realistic about the time commitment of their members to their religion?
Question:  What is one of the Protestant religions open to the ideas of other people?
Question: What has at times led to immense violence against Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: Political and religious animosity
Question: Why have Jehovah's Witnesses sometimes been imprisoned?
Answer: doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military
Question: Of the 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany in 1933, how many were later imprisoned?
Answer: 10,000
Question: What were Jehovah's Witnesses identified by in Nazi concentration camps?
Answer: purple triangles
Question: What countries ban the religious activities of Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: China, Vietnam and some Islamic states
Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses were there in Canada at the start of World War II?
Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses were there in the Soviet Union at the start of World War II?
Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses died in the Soviet Union during World War II?
Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses escaped Germany during World War II?
Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses are there thought to be in China today?
Question: Who were Jehovah's Witnesses accused of intentionally provoking in the 1930s and 1940s?
Answer: authorities and other religions
Question: What authors have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for the purpose of publicity?
Answer: Whalen, Harrison and Schnell
Question: What did Rutherford hope to convince members about the persecution from the outside world?
Answer: evidence of the truth of their struggle
Question: What did Watch Tower Society literature tell Jehovah's Witnesses they should never seek?
Answer: controversy
Question: What should a Jehovah's Witnesses prefer to paying fines?
Answer: jail
Question: In what decade did author William Whalen die?
Question: In what decade did author Shawn Francis Peters die?
Question: What religious leader of the 1930s and 1940s would never have been suspected of using his members arrests to garner more disaffected members?
Question: In what decade did Barbara Grizzuti Harrison escape the Jehovah's Witnesses?
Question: In what decade  did Alan Rogerson get out of the Jehovah's Witnesses?
Question: What did Jehovah's Witnesses persistent legal challenges result in, in the United States?
Answer: reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties
Question: What is religious conduct protected from the interference of?
Answer: federal and state
Question: What right to abstain from do Jehovah's Witnesses exercise?
Answer: patriotic rituals and military service
Question: What do patients have the right to refuse?
Answer: medical treatment
Question: Where have cases in the Jehovah's Witnesses favor been heard outside of the U.S.?
Answer: Canada
Question: What was one of the countries that the Jehovah's Witnesses lost a bunch of civil liberties lawsuits?
Question: Besides the US what other country has the Jehovah's Witnesses lost lawsuits about such things as the right to refuse medical treatment?
Question: Has the Witnesses won more federal or state lawsuits?
Question: Was it in the US or Canada that Witnesses first gained the right to abstain from patriotic rituals?
Question: Was it in the US or Canada that Witnesses first gained the right to abstain from military service?
Question: Who establishes the doctrines of the Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: the Governing Body
Question: What do the Jehovah's Witnesses religion not tolerate any of?
Answer: dissent
Question: What happens to members who disagree with the religion's teachings?
Answer: expelled and shunned
Question: Why should the counsel received from the Governing Body be trusted?
Answer: part of "God's organization"
Question: Who do Jehovah's Witnesses believe introduced independent thinking?
Answer: Satan the Devil
Question: What religion accommodates members who question its teachings?
Question: What religion encourages its adherents to think critically?
Question: What religion treats those who want to engage in independent thinking in a loving way?
Question: What religion wouldn't think of expelling someone merely because they have questions about what the church teaches?
Question: What do former Jehovah's Witnesses members Heath and Gary Botting compare the culture of the religion to?
Answer: Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four
Question: Who describes the Jehovah's Witnesses' leadership as being totalitarian? 
Answer: Alan Rogerson
Question: How do the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience?
Answer: disparaging individual decision-making
Question: What do critics of the Jehovah's Witnesses accuse the religion's leaders of exercising over members?
Answer: "intellectual dominance"
Question: What did former Governing Body member Raymond Franz argue the methods employed by the religion were all elements of?
Answer: mind control
Question: Who was the first totalitarian in charge of a nation?
Question: Who was the first leader of the Witnesses?
Question: Who was one of the people that argued the Witnesses make people abrogate all responsibilities and rights over their personal lives?
Question: Who got out of the Witnesses first, Alan Rogerson or Raymond Franz?
Question: Who between Heather and Gary Botting first wanted out of the Witnesses?
Question: What profession did Rodney Stark grow up to become?
Answer: Sociologist
Question: What statement does Stark make about the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: "not always very democratic"
Question: How do Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves in regards to the power structure of the church?
Answer: "part of the power structure rather than subject to it."
Question: Another Sociologist, Andrew Holden, feels anyone who joins a movement such as the Jehovah's Witnesses has made a what?
Answer: informed choice
Question: Holden acknowledges that defectors are seldom allowed a what from the church?
Answer: dignified exit
Question: Who described the Jehovah's Witnesses as a relatively democratic organization?
Question: Who said that it was formal rules that kept people in line in the Jehovah's Witnesses?
Question: Who wrote that the majority of people joining the Witnesses are making a pretty uninformed choice?
Question: Who wrote that people leaving religious groups like the Witnesses are allowed a dignified exit?
Question: Which sociologist said that the Witnesses are on the whole a democratic organization?
Question: What is the New World Translation the most accurate translation of?
Answer: the Bibles most widely in use in the English-speaking world
Question: What do many Bible scholars assume the differences in the New World Translation are the result of?
Answer: religious bias
Question: BeDuhn clarifies that the differences are actually due to what?
Answer: greater accuracy
Question: The NW often errs on the side of what type of translation?
Answer: literal, conservative
Question: What insertion into the New Testament violates accuracy in favor of denominationally preferred expressions?
Answer: Jehovah
Question: Which Bible doesn't insert Jehovah too often as the word for God?
Question: What is regarded as the least accurate translation of the Bible in the world among the nine main ones?
Question: What university did Bible scholar Jason BeDuhn get his degree from?
Question: Who was one of the New Testament Writers?
Question: Who do Watch Tower Society publications claim God has used?
Answer: Jehovah's Witnesses
Question: What does God use Jehovah's Witnesses for?
Answer: to declare his will
Question: What has God provided to Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: advance knowledge about Armageddon
Question: What have various Jehovah's Witnesses' publications made predictions about?
Answer: world events
Question: What had some of the failed predictions of Jehovah's Witnesses been presented as?
Answer: "beyond doubt"
Question: What Protestant religion has allowed that some of their predictions may not come to pass?
Question: What is one of Watch Tower Society's publications?
Question: What is one of of the Protestant religions doesn't claim to know what is coming next?
Question: What is one of the religions that doesn't believe in an upcoming Armageddon?
Question: What accusations does the Watch Tower Society reject?
Answer: that it is a false prophet
Question: What does George D. Chryssides suggest the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses can be attributed to changed understandings of?
Answer: biblical chronology
Question: What profession does Andrew Holden smugly self-identify as?
Answer: sociologist
Question: How long ago was the foundation of the Jehovah's Witnesses movement?
Answer: around 140 years ago
Question: What have Jehovah's Witnesses maintained we are living on the precipice of since their formation?
Answer: the end of time
Question: What religion is George D. Chryssides?
Question: What is George D. Chryssides occupation?
Question: Since what year has Andrew Holden been a sociologist?
Question: In what year was the Watch Tower Society founded?
Question: Who argues it is foolish to not believe that the Witnesses set end dates of civilization just to get additional members?
Question: What are Jehovah's Witnesses accused of concealing within their organization?
Answer: sexual abuse
Question: Whose hands should elders leave allegations of sexual abuse in when the accused person denies wrongdoing?
Answer: Jehovah's
Question: Who does Barbara Anderson feel the church's policy regarding sexual abuse protects?
Answer: pedophiles
Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses maintain they want to protect?
Answer: children
Question: Jehovah's Witnesses do not sponsor activities when the result is the separation of whom?
Answer: children from parents
Question: What religion is one of the best at protecting children from molestation?
Question: Who came up with the "two witness rule" within the Jehovah's Witnesses organization?
Question: What Bible scriptures contradict the Jehovah's Witnesses views on sexual abuse?
Question: How does Deuteronomy 19:15 describe the best way to prevent pedophilia?
Question: What does Matthew 18:15-17 have to say about sexual abuse?
Question: What has the Jehovah's Witnesses failure to report to authorities been criticized? 
Answer: abuse allegations
Question: Of the 1006 alleged perpetrators of child sexual abuse identified by Jehovah's Witnesses within their organization since 1950, how many were reported to secular authorities?
Answer: not one
Question: Why are the Jehovah's Witnesses reluctant to alert authorities to abuse?
Answer: to protect its "crime-free" reputation
Question: What have courts in both the UK and the US found the Watch Tower Society to have been for failing to protect children from sexual predators within the congregation?
Answer: negligent
Question: How much has the Society reportedly paid to settle lawsuits without admitting any wrongdoing?
Answer: as much as $780,000 to one plaintiff
Question: How many child sexual abuse cases have been reported to authorities in the US by The Watch Tower Society since 1950?
Question: How much has The Watch Tower Society paid to victims of child sexual abuse in Australia since 1950?
Question: In what year did William Bowen leave the Jehovah's Witnesses?
Question: How many alleged sexual abuse cases have there been in the United States since 1950 involving members of the Jehovah's Witnesses?
Question: How much does the Watch Tower Society pay to lawyers each year to represent them against child sexual abuse cases?
Question: What was the middle name of Dwight Eisenhower?
Answer: David
Question: In what year did Eisenhower's presidency begin?
Answer: 1953
Question: During the Second World War, what was the highest position (not rank) Eisenhower achieved?
Answer: Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe
Question: What was the name of the North African invasion Eisenhower oversaw?
Answer: Operation Torch
Question: Along with reducing the federal deficit, what was Eisenhower's main policy priority as president?
Answer: keep pressure on the Soviet Union
Question: What did Eisenhower threaten to use to end the Korean War?
Answer: nuclear weapons
Question: Along with Guatemala, what country's government did Eisenhower order overthrown?
Answer: Iran
Question: What country did Eisenhower neglect to assist in their military action in Vietnam?
Answer: France
Question: In what year was the Formosa Resolution passed?
Answer: 1955
Question: In what year did the Soviets launch humanity's first artificial satellite?
Answer: 1957
Question: What organization did Eisenhower support after the Soviets launched the first artificial satellite?
Answer: NASA
Question: Along with Israel, what countries' armies invaded Egypt in 1956?
Answer: British and French
Question: Where did Eisenhower send 15,000 military personnel in 1958?
Answer: Lebanon
Question: On what date did Eisenhower deliver his presidential farewell address?
Answer: January 17, 1961
Question: What political theory did Eisenhower use to oppose McCarthy?
Answer: executive privilege
Question: Who served as Eisenhower's vice president?
Answer: Nixon
Question: What sort of conservative was Eisenhower?
Answer: moderate
Question: What does DARPA stand for?
Answer: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Question: What Mennonite sect did Eisenhower's mother initially belong to?
Answer: River Brethren
Question: What is another name for the International Bible Students Association?
Answer: Jehovah's Witnesses
Question: What university did Eisenhower attend?
Answer: West Point
Question: What church did Eisenhower join in 1953?
Answer: Presbyterian
Question: In what year did Eisenhower graduate from high school?
Answer: 1909
Question: What high school did Eisenhower go to?
Answer: Abilene
Question: What was the name of Eisenhower's brother?
Answer: Edgar
Question: In what year of high school did Eisenhower suffer a groin infection?
Answer: freshman
Question: What high school year did Eisenhower have to repeat?
Answer: freshman
Question: Where did Eisenhower work during his brother's first year of college?
Answer: Belle Springs Creamery
Question: What was Eisenhower's job title during the first year his brother went to college?
Answer: night supervisor
Question: Who was Eisenhower's senator?
Answer: Joseph L. Bristow
Question: Why couldn't Eisenhower attend Annapolis?
Answer: beyond the age limit
Question: In what year did Eisenhower matriculate to West Point?
Answer: 1911
Question: What killed Icky Eisenhower?
Answer: scarlet fever
Question: In what city was John Eisenhower born?
Answer: Denver
Question: What was John Eisenhower's final rank in the military?
Answer: brigadier general
Question: David Eisenhower married the child of what US President?
Answer: Nixon
Question: What color were Eisenhower's winter golf balls?
Answer: black
Question: Who was the Chairman of Augusta National and friend to Eisenhower?
Answer: Clifford Roberts
Question: What was Clifford Roberts by profession?
Answer: investment broker
Question: When did Eisenhower join Augusta National?
Answer: 1948
Question: What was Eisenhower's favorite hobby other than golfing?
Answer: oil painting
Question: Who notably painted a picture of Mamie Eisenhower?
Answer: Thomas E. Stephens
Question: What was the main type of oil painting painted by Eisenhower?
Answer: landscapes
Question: What car did Eisenhower compare modern art to?
Answer: Tin Lizzie
Question: Who called Eisenhower's art "simple and earnest"?
Answer: Wendy Beckett
Question: What was Eisenhower's favorite film?
Answer: Angels in the Outfield
Question: Who was Eisenhower's favorite author?
Answer: Zane Grey
Question: What genre did Zane Grey write in?
Answer: Western
Question: Where did Eisenhower learn to play poker?
Answer: Abilene
Question: At West Point, what game did Eisenhower play six nights a week for five months?
Answer: contract bridge
Question: What military installation was Eisenhower assigned to when the United States entered the First World War?
Answer: Ft. Leavenworth
Question: What unit did Eisenhower serve with at Camp Meade?
Answer: 65th Engineers
Question: To what rank was Eisenhower brevetted after being transferred to the tank corps?
Answer: Lieutenant Colonel
Question: What famous military event occurred at the site of Camp Colt?
Answer: Pickett's Charge
Question: In what state was Camp Meade located?
Answer: Maryland
Question: How long before Eisenhower was to be transferred to France did World War I end?
Answer: week
Question: What decoration did Eisenhower receive as a result of his First World War service?
Answer: Distinguished Service Medal
Question: What notable Second World War commander disparaged Eisenhower for his lack of combat experience?
Answer: Montgomery
Question: What was Eisenhower's Camp Meade unit equipped with?
Answer: tanks
Question: When did Eisenhower leave Camp Meade?
Answer: 1922
Question: Along with Patton, who was a notable interwar tank leader?
Answer: Sereno E. Brett
Question: What was the traditional doctrine on the use of tanks?
Answer: supportive role for the infantry
Question: What happened when Eisenhower was threatened with a court martial for his support for offensive tank tactics?
Answer: he relented
Question: What role did Eisenhower serve under Fox Conner?
Answer: executive officer
Question: Where did Eisenhower serve under Conner?
Answer: Panama Canal Zone
Question: What notable military treatise was authored by von Clausewitz?
Answer: On War
Question: During what period did Eisenhower attend the Command and General Staff College?
Answer: 1925–26
Question: How many people were in Eisenhower's class at the Command and General Staff College?
Answer: 245
Question: Who was the head of the American Battle Monuments Commission during this period?
Answer: Pershing
Question: During the 1920s, for what federal department did Milton Eisenhower work?
Answer: Agriculture
Question: In what year did Eisenhower graduate from the Army War College?
Answer: 1928
Question: What was the office held by George Mosely?
Answer: Assistant Secretary of War
Question: What was Eisenhower's rank in 1933?
Answer: Major
Question: What position was held by General MacArthur at this point in time?
Answer: Army Chief of Staff
Question: What encampment was attacked in 1932 by soldiers including Eisenhower?
Answer: Bonus March
Question: What sort of people did the Bonus March consist of?
Answer: veterans
Question: What rank was Eisenhower promoted to in 1936?
Answer: lieutenant colonel
Question: What license did Eisenhower receive in 1939?
Answer: pilot's
Question: Who was president of the Philippines circa 1939?
Answer: Manuel L. Quezon
Question: What is the current name of the capital city that was under construction in the Philippines in 1939?
Answer: Quezon City
Question: How did Eisenhower respond to the offer to become a Philippine police chief?
Answer: declined
Question: What unit did Eisenhower serve with upon his return to the United States?
Answer: 15th Infantry
Question: At what military installation was the 15th Infantry based?
Answer: Fort Lewis
Question: In the spring of 1941, who commanded IX Corps?
Answer: Kenyon Joyce
Question: In what city was the 3rd Army based in June of 1941?
Answer: San Antonio
Question: What event contributed to Eisenhower receiving a promotion to brigadier general?
Answer: Louisiana Maneuvers
Question: To what body was Eisenhower assigned after Pearl Harbor was attacked?
Answer: General Staff in
Question: Who headed the WPD before Eisenhower?
Answer: Leonard T. Gerow
Question: What body replaced the War Plans Division?
Answer: Operations Division
Question: What was Eisenhower's title in the Operations Division?
Answer: Assistant Chief of Staff
Question: Who was the Chief of Staff who promoted Eisenhower?
Answer: George C. Marshall
Question: As of May 1942, who commanded the Army Air Forces?
Answer: Henry H. Arnold
Question: To what city did Eisenhower travel to May 1942?
Answer: London
Question: Who commanded the English theater in May 1942?
Answer: James E. Chaney
Question: What appointment did Eisenhower receive on June 23, 1942?
Answer: Commanding General, European Theater of Operations
Question: To what rank was Eisenhower promoted on July 7, 1942?
Answer: lieutenant general
Question: What appointment did Eisenhower receive in November of 1942?
Answer: Supreme Commander Allied Expeditionary Force of the North African Theater of Operations
Question: What was the code name of the North African campaign?
Answer: Operation Torch
Question: At what location was the North African campaign planned?
Answer: Rock of Gibraltar
Question: How many years before Eisenhower's command had a non-Briton commanded Gibraltar?
Answer: 200
Question: Who initially served as High Commissioner of North Africa?
Answer: François Darlan
Question: Who killed François Darlan?
Answer: Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle
Question: Who served as High Commissioner of North Africa after Darlan's death?
Answer: Henri Giraud
Question: On what day did Darlan die?
Answer: December 24
Question: Who commanded II Corps before being removed by Eisenhower?
Answer: Lloyd Fredendall
Question: Who commanded the UK's Eighth Army?
Answer: Bernard Montgomery
Question: When did Eisenhower receive authority over the British Eighth Army?
Answer: February 1943
Question: What did Eisenhower command after he commanded ETOUSA?
Answer: NATOUSA
Question: What was the invasion of mainland Italy called?
Answer: Operation Avalanche
Question: What was the initial ratio of Axis to Allied divisions in Italy?
Answer: 2 to 1
Question: How many divisions did the Germans add to Italy?
Answer: 19
Question: Until he was deposed, who was the leader of Italy?
Answer: Mussolini
Question: Other than Eisenhower, who was considered for the appointment of Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?
Answer: Marshall
Question: What did SHAEF stand for?
Answer: Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force
Question: Who appointed Eisenhower as Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?
Answer: Roosevelt
Question: What was the Allied invasion of Normandy called?
Answer: Operation Overlord
Question: When did Operation Overlord take place?
Answer: June 1944
Question: Who refused to provide Eisenhower with landing craft?
Answer: Ernest J. King
Question: What concern did Churchill have in regard to Eisenhower's pre-invasion bombing plan?
Answer: civilian casualties
Question: What did Patton do that first caused Eisenhower to reprimand him?
Answer: slapped a subordinate
Question: What were the French resistance to be used for in advance of the invasion of France?
Answer: covert and sabotage operations
Question: Who was the leader of French forces in this period?
Answer: de Gaulle
Question: When did the Normandy invasion occur?
Answer: June 6, 1944
Question: How long after the Normandy invasion did the landings in Southern France occur?
Answer: month
Question: When did the war in Europe end?
Answer: May 8, 1945
Question: How many divisions involved in the Allied invasion of Europe did Eisenhower visit?
Answer: every
Question: After what possible event would the speech called one of the greatest in history have been delivered?
Answer: if the invasion failed
Question: What general commanded the 12th US Army Group?
Answer: Bradley
Question: Who was the Sixth US Army Group's commander?
Answer: Devers
Question: What geographic portion of the front did the Sixth US Army Group operate on?
Answer: south
Question: What supply port was opened late in 1944?
Answer: Antwerp
Question: On what date did Eisenhower receive his General of the Army appointment?
Answer: December 20, 1944
Question: Along with Montgomery, with whom did Eisenhower disagree on strategy?
Answer: Churchill
Question: What Soviet military leader was a counterpart of Eisenhower?
Answer: Zhukov
Question: What rank was held by de Gaulle?
Answer: General
Question: What German city did the British wish to conquer?
Answer: Berlin
Question: Along with Roosevelt and Churchill, what political leader decided upon the division of Germany?
Answer: Stalin
Question: What nation's military conquered Berlin?
Answer: Soviet
Question: What date saw the surrender of Nazi Germany?
Answer: May 7, 1945
Question: What was Eisenhower's title after Germany's surrender?
Answer: Military Governor of the U.S. Occupation Zone
Question: In what structure was Eisenhower's headquarters in the US Occupation Zone?
Answer: IG Farben Building
Question: In what city was the headquarters of the US Occupation Zone located?
Answer: Frankfurt am Main
Question: Aside from the US, what other countries had occupation zones in Germany?
Answer: Britain, France and the Soviet Union
Question: What agreement was not applicable to Disarmed Enemy Forces?
Answer: Geneva Convention
Question: About how many soldiers demobilized after the war ended?
Answer: millions
Question: What president ignored Eisenhower's recommendations in regard to atomic weapons?
Answer: Truman
Question: What was Eisenhower's position on the use of nuclear weapons against Japan?
Answer: opposed
Question: What city did Eisenhower notably visit in 1945?
Answer: Warsaw
Question: When was it suggested to Eisenhower that he might one day become president?
Answer: June 1943
Question: Along with dogcatcher, what political job did Eisenhower specifically not want to be considered for?
Answer: Grand High Supreme King of the Universe
Question: What role did Eisenhower believe he could not fulfill if he was believed to want to become involved in politics?
Answer: Army Chief of Staff
Question: What general was considered a potential Republican presidential candidate in 1948?
Answer: MacArthur
Question: At what meeting did Truman tell Eisenhower that he would assist him in running for president?
Answer: Potsdam Conference
Question: What state's delegates were considering supporting Eisenhower in 1948?
Answer: New Hampshire
Question: How old would Eisenhower be in 1956?
Answer: 66
Question: Why was it unlikely that Eisenhower would run for president in 1956?
Answer: too old
Question: Who was it assumed would win the election of 1948?
Answer: Thomas E. Dewey
Question: What position did Eisenhower occupy in 1948?
Answer: President of Columbia University
Question: Where is Columbia University located?
Answer: New York City
Question: What was the title of Eisenhower's memoir?
Answer: Crusade in Europe
Question: What group of schools did Columbia University belong to?
Answer: Ivy League
Question: What body ruled the Eisenhower was not a professional writer?
Answer: Department of the Treasury
Question: While Eisenhower was president of Columbia, what group did he also work with?
Answer: Council on Foreign Relations
Question: What was Blanche Wiesen Cook in relation to Eisenhower?
Answer: biographer
Question: Along with business and government, what leaders did Eisenhower see meeting at the Council on Foreign Relations?
Answer: professional
Question: What sort of analysis did Eisenhower first experience with the Council on Foreign Relations?
Answer: economic
Question: What position did Eisenhower informally hold?
Answer: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Question: After becoming sick, where did Eisenhower recover?
Answer: Augusta National Golf Club
Question: What was the name of Columbia University's alumni association?
Answer: Columbia Associates
Question: When did Eisenhower vacation for two months outside New York?
Answer: July 1949
Question: Aside from his university work, where did Eisenhower gain useful contacts?
Answer: American Assembly
Question: What Continental Oil leader was Eisenhower tied to?
Answer: Leonard McCollum
Question: What was the political orientation of Columbia's teachers?
Answer: liberal
Question: What state was Frank Abrams' oil company located in?
Answer: New Jersey
Question: From where did H.J. Porter hale?
Answer: Texas
Question: When was Eisenhower's resignation of Columbia turned down?
Answer: December 1950
Question: What role did Eisenhower fill after leaving Columbia?
Answer: Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Question: On what date did Eisenhower leave active duty in the military?
Answer: May 31, 1952
Question: What job did Eisenhower hold after his second tenure as president of Columbia?
Answer: President of the United States
Question: When did Eisenhower become President of the United States?
Answer: January 20, 1953
Question: Who was President of the United States prior to Eisenhower?
Answer: Truman
Question: Truman wanted Eisenhower to run for the presidency as a member of what party?
Answer: Democratic
Question: Who did the Republicans want to block with an Eisenhower candidacy in 1952?
Answer: Robert A. Taft
Question: What was Taft's political office?
Answer: Senator
Question: Who was Eisenhower's campaign manager in 1952?
Answer: Henry Cabot Lodge
Question: In what part of the country, previously neglected by Republican presidential candidates, did Eisenhower campaign?
Answer: South
Question: Along with Korea and Communism, what issue did Eisenhower attack Truman on?
Answer: corruption
Question: What was the strategy called that was used by Eisenhower's campaign?
Answer: K1C2
Question: How did Eisenhower claim Eastern Europe should be liberated?
Answer: peaceful means
Question: Where did Eisenhower claim he would end the war?
Answer: Korea
Question: During the campaign, from where was it claimed Nixon had received money improperly?
Answer: a secret trust
Question: What topic did Eisenhower not discuss during the campaign?
Answer: NATO
Question: How old was Truman in 1948?
Answer: 64
Question: Who was the oldest man to become President prior to Eisenhower?
Answer: James Buchanan
Question: How many times had Eisenhower been elected to office prior to becoming president?
Answer: never
Question: What did Eisenhower have in common with presidents Taylor, Grant, Taft and Hoover?
Answer: did not have prior elected office
Question: What woman was a member of Eisenhower's cabinet?
Answer: Oveta Culp Hobby
Question: Along with Lucius Clay, who advised Eisenhower on cabinet appointments?
Answer: Herbert Brownell
Question: Along with George Humphrey, what cabinet official did Eisenhower have a close relationship with?
Answer: John Foster Dulles
Question: What quip was used to describe Eisenhower's cabinet?
Answer: Eight millionaires and a plumber
Question: What type of cabinet meeting did Eisenhower hold for the first time ever?
Answer: pre-inaugural
Question: Policy in regard to what country was discussed at Eisenhower's first cabinet meeting?
Answer: Russia
Question: What type of policy was the focus of Eisenhower's inaugural address?
Answer: foreign
Question: What New deal program did Eisenhower particularly support?
Answer: Social Security
Question: What cabinet agency did Eisenhower make Social Security a part of?
Answer: Department of Health, Education and Welfare
Question: How many people were added to the Social Security rolls by Eisenhower?
Answer: ten million
Question: What policy in regard to the military did Eisenhower see to completion?
Answer: integration
Question: In what year were the first federal elections after Eisenhower became president?
Answer: 1954
Question: Prior to the 1954 elections, who had majorities in Congress?
Answer: Republicans
Question: What type of Republican did Eisenhower characterize himself as?
Answer: moderate, progressive
Question: Upon election, how many terms did Eisenhower believe he would serve?
Answer: one
Question: In what year did Eisenhower have a heart attack?
Answer: 1955
Question: When did Eisenhower make an announcement stating that he would run for a second term?
Answer: February 1956
Question: Who did Eisenhower want as his 1956 running mate?
Answer: Robert B. Anderson
Question: Who did Eisenhower defeat in the 1956 presidential election?
Answer: Adlai Stevenson
Question: What event led Eisenhower to want to improve highways in the US?
Answer: the U.S. Army's 1919 Transcontinental Motor Convoy
Question: What German transportation project influenced Eisenhower on highways?
Answer: autobahn
Question: When did Eisenhower sign the law to create the Interstate Highway System?
Answer: June 1956
Question: Along with military benefits, what did Eisenhower see as the benefit of the highway project?
Answer: economic growth
Question: Why did Congress hold up the highway bill?
Answer: issuance of bonds to finance the project
Question: What agreements did the GOP Old Guard want Eisenhower to abandon?
Answer: Yalta
Question: Why did the Old Guard say Eisenhower should void the Yalta Agreements?
Answer: beyond the constitutional authority of the Executive Branch
Question: What world leader died in March of 1953?
Answer: Joseph Stalin
Question: What speech did Eisenhower give after Stalin died?
Answer: Chance for Peace
Question: Who called the Chance for Peace speech the best one Eisenhower gave as president?
Answer: Stephen Ambrose
Question: What did Eisenhower reduce as he increased nuclear weapons stockpiles?
Answer: conventional forces
Question: What was the policy of increasing nuclear weapons while decreasing conventional forces called?
Answer: New Look
Question: When did Eisenhower begin to cut the defense budget?
Answer: 1953
Question: Along with NSC 162/2, what influenced the development of the New Look policy?
Answer: Project Solarium
Question: Why did nuclear arms negotiations with Russia fail prior to 1955?
Answer: refusal of the Russians to permit any sort of inspections
Question: In what city did the US and Russia conduct nuclear talks in 1955?
Answer: London
Question: Who refused to permit nuclear weapons inspections in the wake of the 1955 talks?
Answer: Eisenhower
Question: In May of 1955, a treaty was signed giving independence to what country?
Answer: Austria
Question: What was the plan Eisenhower presented at the Geneva Conference called?
Answer: Open Skies
Question: What country did Eisenhower believe communists would conquer if they took over Guatemala?
Answer: Mexico
Question: The domino theory was applied to Central America and what other region?
Answer: Southeast Asia
Question: In what year was Eisenhower's EDC rejected?
Answer: 1954
Question: What country was made a full partner in NATO as the result of the failure of EDC?
Answer: West Germany
Question: According to Eisenhower, all of Southeast Asia would become communist if the communist insurgency won in what country?
Answer: Vietnam
Question: What was the code name of the overthrow of the Iranian government?
Answer: Operation Ajax
Question: What CIA operation toppled the Guatemalan government?
Answer: Pbsuccess
Question: What company made the U-2?
Answer: Lockheed
Question: Under what president did the Bay of Pigs Invasion take place?
Answer: John F. Kennedy
Question: What make and model aircraft was Air Force Flight 8610?
Answer: Lockheed C-121 Constellation
Question: What aircraft had an incident with Air Force Flight 8610?
Answer: Eastern Airlines Flight 8610
Question: What call sign does an Air Force aircraft have when a president is traveling on it?
Answer: Air Force One
Question: What was the name of the Lockheed C-121 Constellation that carried Eisenhower?
Answer: Columbine II
Question: In what year was Eisenhower involved in an incident while flying?
Answer: 1953
Question: What caused Eisenhower to kickstart the US space program?
Answer: Soviet launch of Sputnik
Question: Along with the U-2 flyovers, what did Eisenhower try to legitimize with the Open Skies Policy?
Answer: Project Genetrix
Question: What was the legal status of the U-2 flyovers?
Answer: illegal
Question: What was the name of the civilian space agency created by Eisenhower?
Answer: NASA
Question: With whom did Eisenhower try to improve relations?
Answer: American scientists
Question: Where did the Chinese begin to increase forces after Eisenhower entered the White House?
Answer: Kaesong sanctuary
Question: What did Eisenhower threaten to do if there was no armistice in Korea?
Answer: use nuclear force
Question: Along with the Joint Chiefs and SAC, what body was involved with formulating plans for nuclear war with China?
Answer: National Security Council
Question: What event led to decreased Russian support for China?
Answer: death of Stalin
Question: What was SAC an abbreviation of?
Answer: Strategic Air Command
Question: The boundary line of what year formed the 1953 armistice line?
Answer: 1950
Question: In what month in 1953 did the armistice come into being?
Answer: July
Question: Who was the President of South Korea at the time of the armistice?
Answer: Syngman Rhee
Question: What American official notably opposed the armistice?
Answer: Secretary Dulles
Question: Who described the armistice as Eisenhower's greatest presidential accomplishment?
Answer: Ambrose
Question: Along with the British and Israelis, what forces invaded Egypt in 1956?
Answer: French
Question: What was the combined Israeli-British-French invasion in response to?
Answer: Suez Crisis
Question: Who was the leader of Egypt at the time of the Suez Crisis?
Answer: Gamal Abdel Nasser
Question: Who invaded Hungary in 1956?
Answer: Soviet
Question: What year saw the publication of Eisenhower's memoirs?
Answer: 1965
Question: What war was being fought by France in 1953?
Answer: First Indochina War
Question: What was John W. O'Daniel's nickname?
Answer: Iron Mike
Question: Who convinced Eisenhower not to intervene in Vietnam?
Answer: Matthew Ridgway
Question: Who was providing supplies to the Vietnamese communists fighting against France?
Answer: China
Question: How large of a military deployment did Ridgway say would be necessary in Vietnam?
Answer: massive
Question: Aside from bombers, what aid did Eisenhower provide to the French?
Answer: non-combat personnel
Question: What did American bombers drop on Vietnam?
Answer: napalm
Question: When did Dien Bien Phu fall to the communists?
Answer: May 1954
Question: Along with the Vice President and NCS head, who urged Eisenhower to intervene after the fall of Dien Bien Phu?
Answer: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
Question: What arguably impossible conditions did Eisenhower set for further intervention on behalf of the French?
Answer: allied participation and congressional approval
Question: Along with the United States, the United Kingdom and France, who formed SEATO?
Answer: New Zealand and Australia
Question: What was the purpose of SEATO?
Answer: defense of Vietnam against communism
Question: What group did France split Vietnam with?
Answer: Communists
Question: Who met in peace talks with France at Geneva?
Answer: Chinese
Question: Who was the first ambassador to South Vietnam?
Answer: J. Lawton Collins
Question: Who was the leader of South Vietnam in 1954?
Answer: Ngo Dinh Diem
Question: When did Eisenhower first send military advisers to South Vietnam?
Answer: February 1955
Question: Along with Free Vietnam, what was another term for South Vietnam?
Answer: Republic of Vietnam
Question: How many soldiers did Eisenhower ultimately send to Vietnam?
Answer: 900
Question: How many days did the President of South Vietnam visit the US for in 1957?
Answer: ten
Question: Where was a parade held for the President of South Vietnam?
Answer: New York City
Question: Who was Secretary of State in 1957?
Answer: John Foster Dulles
Question: According to Dulles, why was Diem made president of Vietnam?
Answer: there were no better alternatives
Question: When was a U-2 downed over the Soviet Union?
Answer: May 1, 1960
Question: What was the downed U-2 gathering intelligence in advance of?
Answer: East–West summit conference
Question: Where was the East-West summit to have taken place?
Answer: Paris
Question: What was the rank of the pilot of the downed U-2?
Answer: Captain
Question: What did the Eisenhower administration refer to the downed U-2 as?
Answer: weather research aircraft
Question: Where did the Eisenhower administration say that the downed U-2 was intended to be flying?
Answer: Turkey
Question: According to the cover story, what did the "weather research" pilot have trouble with?
Answer: oxygen equipment
Question: What happened to Powers in the Soviet Union?
Answer: trial
Question: What did Khrushchev refer to the U-2 as?
Answer: spy-plane
Question: Along with Eisenhower, Macmillan and de Gaulle, what leader attended the Four Powers Paris Summit?
Answer: Nikita Khrushchev
Question: What did Khrushchev demand that Eisenhower do?
Answer: apologize
Question: Along with reducing nuclear weapons, what was to have been the topic of conversation at the Four Power Paris Summit?
Answer: Berlin
Question: What did Eisenhower blame for ruining the summit?
Answer: stupid U-2 business
Question: In what year was the Four Power Paris Summit intended to take place?
Answer: 1960
Question: When did the desegregation of the United States Armed Forces begin?
Answer: 1948
Question: When did Eisenhower deliver his first State of the Union?
Answer: February 1953
Question: What control did Eisenhower use to push through desegregation?
Answer: military spending
Question: In what geographical area did Eisenhower promise to end desegregation in his State of the Union address?
Answer: District of Columbia
Question: What was the first civil rights act proposed to Congress by Eisenhower?
Answer: Civil Rights Act of 1957
Question: In what year did Eisenhower propose his second civil rights act?
Answer: 1960
Question: What sort of commission did the Civil Rights Act of 1957 establish?
Answer: Civil Rights Commission
Question: Under the Civil Rights Act of 1957, what federal department contained a civil rights office?
Answer: Justice
Question: What military unit was sent from outside of Arkansas to oversee desegregation?
Answer: 101st Airborne Division
Question: What Arkansas militia unit did Eisenhower federalize in 1957?
Answer: Arkansas National Guard
Question: Who was the governor of Arkansas in 1957?
Answer: Orval Faubus
Question: How many black students were escorted by the 101st Airborne to Little Rock Central High School?
Answer: nine
Question: In what year did Joseph McCarthy declare that the federal government was employing communists?
Answer: 1953
Question: What did Eisenhower do when he was encouraged to respond to McCarthy's accusations?
Answer: he refused
Question: Why did Eisenhower ignore McCarthy?
Answer: facilitate relations with Congress
Question: What organization did Eisenhower want to keep from being one of McCarthy's targets?
Answer: Atomic Energy Commission
Question: What was the AEC working on at this time?
Answer: H-bombs
Question: What AEC scientists counseled delaying the development of the hydrogen bomb?
Answer: J. Robert Oppenheimer
Question: What did Eisenhower do to Oppenheimer after he said that the hydrogen bomb should be delayed?
Answer: removed him from the agency and revoked his security clearance
Question: What did McCarthy threaten to do in May of 1955?
Answer: issue subpoenas to White House personnel
Question: What tradition was fostered by Eisenhower's reaction to McCarthy's subpoena threats?
Answer: executive privilege
Question: Eisenhower denied McCarthy access to the personnel of what branch of the federal government?
Answer: Executive
Question: After the 1954 election, who was the Speaker of the House?
Answer: Sam Rayburn
Question: Who was made Senate Majority Leader after the 1954 election?
Answer: Lyndon B. Johnson