huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: In addressing the issue of "in part," the Appeals Chamber found that the part must be a substantial part of what?
Answer: that group
Question: Who contributed to guiding the Appeals chamber in its conclusion?
Answer: opinions of respected commentators
Question: Which phrase is especially contentious within human groups?
Question: What 2001 case was declared genocide by humanitarian law?
Question: In the judgement, it is stated that the aim of the Genocide Convention, at its most simplest, is preventing the opinions of which victims?
Question: What did the ITCY find that the part must be a substantial part of while addressing the issue of "in part"?
Question: Who contributed to guiding the ICTY in its conclusion?
Question: Several considerations were involved in meeting the requirement to determine what?  
Answer: when the targeted part is substantial enough
Question: What is the key aspect of the targeted part of the group at the starting point of the inquiry? 
Answer: The numeric size
Question: The number of people targeted in a genocide should not be solely evaluated by what?
Answer: absolute terms
Question: In addition to the numeric size of a targeted group, what other consideration was useful to the ICTY?
Answer: prominence within the group
Question: What is determined after several individuals are involved in meeting the requirement?
Question: What is the key aspect of the targeted part of the group at the absolute term?
Question: What should the number of people targeted in Article 4 not be solely evaluated by?
Question: What other consideration was useful to the Article 4 in addition to the numeric size of a targeted group?
Question: What is the necessary emblematic?
Question: The issue of what is raised by judges in Paragraph 13? 
Answer: perpetrators' access to the victims
Question: What is the basis for suggesting that several factors regarding the activity of the perpetrators be considered? 
Answer: historical examples of genocide
Question: The extent of what by the perpetrators was considered in an examination of their activity and level of control?
Answer: possible extent of their reach
Question: What will always be restricted in terms of a perpetrator's intent to destroy?
Answer: the opportunity presented to him
Question: While the factor cannot independently indicate if the targeted group is substantial, it can do what?
Answer: inform the analysis
Question: What issue is raised by other factors in Paragraph 13?
Question: What is the basis for suggesting that several factors regarding the victims be considered?
Question: The extent of what by the perpetrators was considered in an examination of their analysis?
Question: What will always be restricted in terms of a victim's intent to destroy?
Question: What can historical examples do, even though they cannot independently indicate if the targeted group is substantial?
Question: On which date did the Genocide Convention become effective?
Answer: 12 January 1951
Question: What was the minimum number of countries necessary to form parties? 
Answer: 20
Question: Of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, how many were parties to the treaty?
Answer: only two
Question: What member ratified in 1970?
Answer: the United Kingdom
Question: The delay in support by certain powerful members meant the Convention was largely powerless for over how many decades?
Answer: four
Question: On which date did China become effective?
Question: What was the minimum number of countries necessary to form laws?
Question: How many of the five permanent member s of China were parties to the treaty?
Question: What member enforced in 1970?
Question: What member enforced in 1983?
Question: In 1998 it was written that the CPPCG was a legal entity resulting in which type of compromise?
Answer: a diplomatic compromise
Question: Rather than a definition, the text of the treaty is considered as what type of tool?
Answer: a research tool
Question: What does the treaty possess that others lack?
Answer: international legal credibility
Question: The writers Jonassohn and Bjornson cite various reasons for the lack of widespread support of what?
Answer: alternative definitions
Question: What caused was written Jonassohn and Bjornson to become a legal instrument?
Question: What type of tool is the definition considered rather than a definition?
Question: What does the definition possess that others lack?
Question: What has not gaind widespread support according to the CPPCG?
Question: Who stated that the CPPCG was a research tool?
Question: What two writers examined the lack of an accepted and singular definition for genocide?
Answer: Jonassohn and Björnson
Question: The two writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpreting events? 
Answer: their focus
Question: What writer joined Jonassohn in the study of the whole of human history?
Answer: Frank Chalk
Question: With whom was Leo Kuper paired in research that focused on 20th century works?
Answer: R. J. Rummel
Question: Two women and what man concentrated on post World War II events?
Answer: Ted Gurr
Question: What two writers examined the lack of an accepted and singular definition for academics?
Question: The two writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpreting paradigms?
Question: What writer joined Jonassohn in the study of definitions?
Question: With whom was Leo Kuper paired in research that focused on definitions?
Question: Two women and what man concentrated on academic paradigms?
Question: Some historians were critical of what exclusion in the definition of victims of genocide?
Answer: social and political groups
Question: In what book did Kakar contend that the international definition of genocide was too narrow?
Answer: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response
Question: Kakar argued that the definition should include any group defined by the perpetrator and which other group?
Answer: political groups
Question: In the writing of Chalk and Jonassohn, what is stated to be a form of one-sided mass killing?
Answer: Genocide
Question: In further elaborating on the definition, how did Chalk and Jonassohn phrase the intention of the perpetrator? 
Answer: intends to destroy a group
Question: what exclusion were some historians critical of in the definition of victims of authority?
Question: In what book did Kakar contend that the international definition of perpetrator was too narrow?
Question: Which other group besides the perpetrator did Kakar argue the definition of criterion should include any group defined by?
Question: What is stated to be a form of physical destruction in the writing of Chalk and Jonassohn?
Question: How did Chalk and Jonassohn phrase the intention of the sociologists?
Question: Harff and Gurr's definition of genocide included the promotion and execution of what, by a state or its agents?
Answer: policies
Question: Harff and Gurr further defined what in terms of ethnicity, religion or nationality?
Answer: victimized groups
Question: What was important to Harff and Gurr to distinguish from genocides?
Answer: politicides
Question: Along with ethnicity and and religion, what other characteristic defined a member of a victimized group?
Answer: nationality
Question: What did Harff define as "short-lived outbursts by mobs...?"
Answer: pogroms
Question: Haff and Gurr's definition of opposition included the promotion and execution of what by a state or its agents?
Question: What did Harff and Gurr further define in terms of outbursts?
Question: What was important to Harff and Gurr to distinguish between opposition?
Question: What other characteristic defined a member of a regime along with ethnicity and religion?
Question: What did Harff define as "short-lived outbursts by the state?"
Question: In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of genocide?
Answer: murder by government
Question: Rummel postulates that murder of people of government is due to national, ethnic, racial and which other membership?
Answer: religious group
Question: The legal meaning of genocide is contained in which international treaty?
Answer: Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
Question: Included in the CPPCG is non-killings that ultimately achieve what end?
Answer: eliminate the group
Question: In the interpretation of non-killings, the CPPCG cites the forceful relocation of children along with what other factor?
Answer: preventing births
Question: In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of opponentsl?
Question: Which other membership besides national, ethnic, and racial does Rommul postulate that murder of people by government is due to?
Question: In which international treaty is the legal meaning of opponents contained?
Question: What end is achieved by non-killings included in the democide?
Question: What other factor along with the forceful relocation of political opponents does the the CPPCG cite in the interpretation of non-killings?
Question: In terms of failed states and non-state actors, the possession of weapons of mass destruction was an issue examined by which writer?
Answer: Adrian Gallagher
Question: In Gallagher's definition of genocide, a source of what is malicious in it implementation of the destruction of a group? 
Answer: collective power
Question: Gallagher's definition upholds the centrality of what?
Answer: intent
Question: The centrality of intent broadens what definition, beyond the 1948 one?
Answer: group identity
Question: In order for a genocide classification to happen, a major part of a group has to be what?
Answer: destroyed
Question: Which writer examined the possession of identity?
Question: A source of what uses its power to implement destruction in Gallagher's definition of process?
Question: The centrality of what does Gallagher's definition uphold?
Question: The centrality of intent broadens what definition beyond the Gallagher one?
Question: A major part of a group has to be what in order for the centrality of intent classification to happen?
Question: Signatories to the CPPC are required to prevent and punish what?
Answer: acts of genocide
Question: During which times can a perpetrator of genocide be charged?
Answer: both in peace and wartime
Question: In enforcing a charge of genocide, what loophole do many of the signatories possess?
Answer: no claim of genocide could be brought against them
Question: What major western power is exempt from charges or claims of genocide against itself?
Answer: the United States
Question: Along with Cyprus, what other major signatory official protested the the immunity of others from prosecution of genocide?
Answer: Norway
Question: What are Signatories to the Kosovo War are required to prevent and punish what?
Question: During which times can a perpetrator of reservations be charged?
Question: what loophole  do many of the courts possess in enforcing a charge of genocide?
Question: What major western power is exempt from charges or claims of reservation against itself?
Question: Along with Cyprus, what other major signatory official protested the immunity of others from the prosecution of reservation?
Question: In 1948 the worldwide acceptance of international laws that defined and forbade genocide was promulgated by which treaty?
Answer: Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
Question: Perpetrators who were tried after World War II were in general found guilty of crimes against what?
Answer: humanity
Question: An example of a more specific genocidal crime of which one could be accused was what?
Answer: crimes like murder
Question: After WWII criminals were largely prosecuted under CPPCG for their involvement in what massive genocidal effort?
Answer: the Holocaust
Question: Who is notable for coining the term "Holocaust?"
Answer: Raphael Lemkin
Question: Which treaty in 1948 defined and forbade promulgation?
Question: What were CPPCG who were tried after World War found guilty of?
Question: What is an example of a more specific international crime of which one could be accused?
Question: What massive genocidal effort were criminals largely prosecuted after count 3 for?
Question: Who is notable for coining the term "extermination?"
Question: Which court dismissed Nikola Jorgic's appeal against his conviction for genocide by a German court?
Answer: European Court of Human Rights
Question: In Jorgic v. Germany, what about the German courts was later rejected by international courts hearing similar cases?
Answer: wider interpretation of genocide
Question: The ECHR noted that among certain academics, what act carried out by the Serbs agains Bosnian Muslims and Croats did not constitute genocide?
Answer: ethnic cleansing
Question: The ethnic cleansing perpetrated by the Serbs against Bosnia-Herzegovina was conducted with what ultimate goal in mind?
Answer: expel Muslims and Croats from their homes
Question: Conversely the scholars who did view the Serbs' acts as constituting genocide, were backed up by what Tribunal?
Answer: the ICTY
Question: Which court dismissed Nikola Jorgic's appeal against his conviction for cleansing by a German court?
Question: In Jorgic v. Germany, what about the European courts was later rejected by international courts hearing similar cases?
Question: What act carried about by the ECHR against Bosnian Muslims and Croats did not constitute genocide?
Question: What Tribunal backed up scholars who have ethnic cleansing?
Question: What was the ultimate goal of the ethnic cleansing perpetuated by the ECHR?
Question: In the 1990s, how many people were indicted for war crimes that were officially defined as genocide?
Answer: About 30
Question: Convicted perpetrators Popovic and Beara were found guilty of genocide despite what evasive action?
Answer: several plea bargains
Question: Tolimir was found guilty of both genocide and what other charge?
Answer: conspiracy to commit genocide
Question: Another charge beyond the act of genocide and for which Krstic and Nikolic were found guilty was what?
Answer: aiding and abetting genocide
Question: Three others were charged with participating in genocides in Bosnia by which country's courts?
Answer: German courts
Question: In the 1990s, how many people were indicted for plea bargins?
Question: What evasive action did not keep Tolmir from being found guilty?
Question: What other charge besides genocide was Beara found guilty of?
Question: What was another charge beyond the act for which Popovic was found guilty?
Question: In which country's courts were three others charged with aiding and abbeting?
Question: Which former president was by far the most senior politician to be accused of genocidal crimes by the ICTY?
Answer: Slobodan Milošević
Question: What event occurred in March 2006 that essentially ended Milosevic's trial?
Answer: He died
Question: Had Milosevic not died, what charges might he have been convicted of?
Answer: genocide or complicity in genocide
Question: With Milosevic dead, who did the ICTY next charge with crimes of genocide in 1995?
Answer: Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić
Question: Where was Karadzic when he was finally arrested?
Answer: Belgrade
Question: What event occurred in 1995 that essentially ended Milosevic's trial?
Question: Where was Karadzic when he was sentenced?
Question: With Milosevic dead, who did Karadzic next charge with grimes of genocide in 1995?
Question: Had Karadzic not died, what charges might he have been convicted of?
Question: Which former president was by far the most senior politician to be accused of genocidal crimes by Karadzic?
Question: What court was established under the aegis of the United Nations to prosecute genocidal crimes in Rwanda?
Answer: International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
Question: The prosecutorial efforts of the ICTR focused on genocidal acts that took place during which time period?
Answer: April 1994
Question: the ICTR was created in November 1995 by which branch of the UN?
Answer: the Security Council of the United Nations
Question: The ICTR was established for the purpose of convicting those responsible for acts of genocide and what other charges?
Answer: serious violations of the international law
Question: The charges of genocide brought up by the ICTR were against what group of people?
Answer: Rwandan citizens
Question: What court was established to prosecute genocidal crimes in the United Nations?
Question: During which time period did the prosecuratorial efforts of Rwanda focus on genocidal acts?
Question: Which branch of the UN created Rwanda in November 1995?
Question: What other charges besides genocide was the ITCR convicted of?
Question: What group of people were the charges of genocide brought up against in April 1994?
Question: What has been widely debated as a possible act of genocide in Sudan?
Answer: situation in Darfur
Question: In 2003 what well known U.S. Secretary of State declared the situation in Darfur as an act of genocide?
Answer: Colin Powell
Question: In front of which committee did Powell testify?
Answer: the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Question: What did UN Security Council Resolution 1564 authorize in 2004?
Answer: an International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur
Question: Despite some concessions, what act did the Commission ultimately state that Sudan had not pursued?
Answer: genocidal policy
Question: What has been widely debated as a possible act of genocide in the UN?
Question: In 2003 what well known U.S. Secretary of State declared the situation in the UN as an act of genocide?
Question: In front of which committee did Darfur testify?
Question: What did UN Security Council Resolution 1564 authorize in 2005?
Question: Despite some concessions, what act did the Commission ultimately state that the UN had not pursued?
Question: To whom did the Security Council officially refer the situation in Darfur?
Answer: Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court
Question: What was taken into account, without mentioning specific crimes?
Answer: the Commission report
Question: China and what other permanent member of the Security Council abstained from the vote on the referral resolution?
Answer: the United States
Question: In which number report to the Council did the Prosecutor concede that crimes had been committed but evidence for prosecution was insufficient?
Answer: his fourth report
Question: To whom did the Security Council officially refer the situation in China?
Question: What was taken into account without mentioning specific councils?
Question: China and what other permanent member of the Security Council abstained from the vote on crimes?
Question: In which number report to the Council did the Prosecutor concede that crimes had been committed but evidence for prosecution was sufficient?
Question: When did the Security Council formally refer the situation in Darfur to China?
Question: In the build-up to genocide, what have other authors focused on?
Answer: structural conditions
Question: What processes are thought to create an evolution toward genocide?
Answer: psychological and social
Question: Who revealed the starting points of this evolution to be economic deterioration and political confusion?
Answer: Ervin Staub
Question: A history of what is just one factor that contributes to the probability of violence developing into genocide?
Answer: devaluation of the group
Question: What is one preventive effort in circumventing conditions that lead to genocide?
Answer: humanizing a devalued group
Question: In the build-up to genocide, what have other bystanders focused on?
Question: What processees are thought to create an evolution toward conflict?
Question: Who revealed the starting points of this evolution to be genocide?
Question: A history of what is just one factor that contributes to the probability of political systems developing into genocide?
Question: What is one preventive effort in cirumventing conditions that lead to responses?
Question: What is the French abbreviation for Saint-Barthélemy?
Answer: Saint-Barth
Question: In what language is Saint-Barthélemy abbreviate St. Barts?
Answer: English
Question: What did the native peoples of Saint-Barthélemy call the island?
Answer: Ouanalao
Question: In which direction is Puerto Rico from the island of Saint-Barthélemy?
Answer: west
Question: How far is St. Kitts from St. Martin?
Question: How far is Puerto Rico from St. Kitts?
Question: How far is Saint-Barthelemy from France?
Question: In what direction is France from St. Barts?
Question: What did the indigenous people of Puerto Rico call their island?
Question: What is the population of St. Barts?
Answer: 9,035
Question: What is the capital of St. Barts?
Answer: Gustavia
Question: What country besides France had colonies on the island for a substantial period of time?
Answer: Swedish
Question: When is the busiest time for tourism in St. Barts?
Answer: the winter holiday season
Question: In what year did Guadeloupe fall under Swedish rule briefly?
Question: How many people lived in the Swedish colony?
Question: How many tourists visit Saint Barthelemy each year?
Question: How many people lived in Gustavia as of 2011?
Question: What was France's national arms?
Question: St. Barts was formerly a part of what French commune?
Answer: Guadeloupe
Question: When did the residents of St. Barts file for separation from Guadeloupe?
Answer: 2003
Question: When did St. Barts finally received its independence?
Answer: 2007
Question: What is the current name of the building in St. Barts that serves as town hall?
Answer: Hotel de la Collectivité
Question: Who officially represents St. Barts in French legislation? 
Answer: A senator
Question: In what year was the French commune forming part of Guadeloupe established?
Question: In what year was the Hotel de Ville built?
Question: In what city does St. Barthelemy have its main port?
Question: How many island residents voted in the 2003 referendum?
Question: In what year did the Hotel de Ville become the Hotel de la Collectivite?
Question: How many Miles East of Puerto Rico is St. Barts?
Answer: 160
Question: St. Barts is one of the what group of islands?
Answer: the Renaissance
Question: What lies between St. Barts and Saint Martin island?
Answer: the Saint-Barthélemy Channel
Question: What is Île Frégate in relation to St Barts?
Answer: satellite islets
Question: What does "Roques" mean in English?
Answer: little Turtle rocks
Question: How far is St. Bart's from Saint Martin?
Question: How far is St. Bart's from Anguilla?
Question: In what direction does the Sugarloaf lie from St. Barts?
Question: In what direction does Cocol lie from St. Barts?
Question: In what direction does the Roques lie from St. Barts?
Question: What is the name of the deepest bay at St Barts?
Answer: Colombier Bay
Question: Grande Saline Bay provides docking for what kind of boats?
Answer: small
Question: The North and East sides of St. Barts are fringed by what?
Answer: visible coral reef
Question: Reefs are almost always in what type of water?
Answer: shallow
Question: Some of the offshore reefs of St. Barts are part of what?
Answer: a marine reserve
Question: How deep is Grande Saline Bay?
Question: How deep is St. Jean Bay?
Question: How deep do most of the coral reefs lie?
Question: In what direction does St. Jean Bay lie from Colombier Bay?
Question: In what direction does Grande Saline Bay lie from St. Jean Bay?
Question: How many beaches in St. Barts are suitable to swim in?
Answer: 15
Question: What is the portion of the island called that is protected from the sea by the island itself?
Answer: leeward
Question: What is the portion of the island called that is open to the storms and high sea winds?
Answer: windward
Question: The windward side of St. Barts is popular for what type of activity?
Answer: windsurfing
Question: How many leeward side beaches are there?
Question: How many windward side beaches are there?
Question: What are leeward side beaches popular for?
Question: What side of the island is beach of Lorient on?
Question: What side of the island is the beach of St. Jean on?
Question: How many hectares does the island have in total?
Answer: 2,500
Question: How much average rainfall does St. Barts get per year?
Answer: 1000 mm
Question: When does summer end in St. Barts?
Answer: November
Question: What is the lowest nighttime temperature recorded at St. Barts?
Answer: 13 °C
Question: How much water falls on average on the eastern side per year?
Question: How much rainfall comes down during the dry season on average?
Question: What is the average temperature throughout the dry season?
Question: What is the average temperature throughout the rainy season?
Question: How much rainfall falls each year on average during the rainy season?
Question: What are the people of St. Barts called?
Answer: Saint-Barthélemoise
Question: Of what nation do the people of St. Barts claim citizenship?
Answer: French
Question: What is the native language of St. Barts?
Answer: French
Question: How does the determination between Patois and Creole French usually determined?
Answer: racially
Question: About how many people speak Patois French in St. Barts?
Answer: 500–700
Question: How many people speak English on Saint-Barthelemy?
Question: How many Anglophones are there on Saint-Barthelemy?
Question: How many people comprised the first settlers?
Question: How many people speak Creole French?
Question: On what side of the island do the Anglophone community live?
Question: What island besides St. Barts was granted COM status by France in 2007?
Answer: Saint Martin
Question: When did the COM status for St. Barts take effect?
Answer: 15 July 2007
Question: How many years does a president have in office in St. Barts?
Answer: five
Question: How many people are on the Territorial Council?
Answer: nineteen
Question: When was the last election held for the executive council positions?
Answer: in March 2012
Question: What is COM short for?
Question: On what date did the first president begin his term?
Question: How is the president elected?
Question: How are the executive council members elected?
Question: What status did St. Barthelemy have prior to 7 February 2007?
Question: How many senators represent St. Barts in France?
Answer: One
Question: What year was the first senate election held for the St. Barts?
Answer: 2008
Question: When was the last senate election in St. Barts?
Answer: September 2014
Question: What organization did St. Barts become a part of in 2012?
Answer: the European Union
Question: How many policemen does the French government pay for on St. Barts?
Answer: thirteen
Question: On what date in September 2014 was the last election held?
Question: How long do the policemen terms last?
Question: In what year did St. Barthelemy residents become French citizens?
Question: How many senators are there in the French Senate?
Question: What type of activity did early settlers use to get food that didn't involve farming?
Answer: fishing
Question: What is the name of the main commercial port in St. Barts?
Answer: Gustavia
Question: What is grown in patches on the island?
Answer: Sweet potato
Question: What seasoning is found naturally on the island?
Answer: salt
Question: How is cotton grown?
Question: How are pineapples grown?
Question: What was the first vegetable grown on the island by early settlers?
Question: What's the most popular fruit at luxury hospitals and villas?
Question: How are bananas grown?
Question: What besides investment is responsible for the high standard of living on the island?
Answer: wealth generated by wealthy tourists
Question: St. Barts is considered a playground for whom?
Answer: the rich and famous
Question: Besides boats how does St. Barts import most of its food?
Answer: by airplane
Question: How many tourists visit St. Barts each year?
Answer: 200,000
Question: What is the highest propoerty value recorded in St. Barts?
Answer: €61,200,000
Question: How many homes are built each year?
Question: What is the average price of a beachfront villa?
Question: How much international investment occurs on St. Barthelemy's each year?
Question: How much money do wealthy tourists spend each year on St. Barthelemy?
Question: What is the value of the food imported into St. Barthelemy's each year?
Question: How many rooms does the largest hotel in St. Barts have?
Answer: 58
Question: How many rooms does the most expensive hotel on the island have?
Answer: 12
Question: About how many villas are available for rent in St. Barts?
Answer: 400
Question: Which country besides Brazil does St. Barts import its labor force from?
Answer: Portugal
Question: How many of St. Barthelemy's hotels have fewer than 15 rooms?
Question: How many rooms does the smallest hotel on the island have?
Question: What rating does Eden Rock have?
Question: What rating does Cheval Blanc have?
Question: What's the least expensive hotel on the island?
Question: What types of plants are usually found at St. Barts?
Answer: succulent
Question: Which half of the island is usually greener due to more rainfall?
Answer: The eastern part
Question: A 1994 found how many different species of plants native to the island?
Answer: several hundred
Question: What besides palm trees is a common plant to see in St. Barts?
Answer: Sea grapes
Question: Where was the coconut palm brought to St. Barts from?
Answer: the Pacific islands
Question: In what year was Coconut palm brought to the island?
Question: How many types of cacti are the on St. Barts?
Question: How many mangroves are there on St. Barts?
Question: What are the irrigated areas dominated by?
Question: What plant was brought to St. Barts from the Mediterranean?
Answer: aloe or aloe vera
Question: What is the name of the night blooming flower on St. Barts?
Answer: cereus
Question: Where was the plant yellow bell brought from?
Answer: South America
Question: When did the british army invade the island?
Answer: 1773
Question: What type of fig grows on the island?
Answer: barbary
Question: How tall do sea grape trees grow?
Question: How tall can the royal palm grow?
Question: In what year was aloe vera brought to St. Barts from the Mediterranean?
Question: In what year were Mexican cactus brought to St. Barts?
Question: When was yellow bell from South America brought to St. Barts?
Question: When is the end of the dolphin migration period in St. Barts?
Answer: May
Question: When is the beggining of the whale migration season?
Answer: December
Question: What protected species is a common sight along the beaches of St. Barts?
Answer: Turtles
Question: What is the favorite prey of leatherback sea turtles?
Answer: jellyfish
Question: Where do green turtles live?
Answer: amidst tall sea grasses
Question: How long does it take dolphins to attain reproductive age?
Question: How long does it take whales to reach reproductive age?
Question: How long do porpoises usually live?
Question: How many species of turtles are there on St. Barts?
Question: What does a whales diet consist of?
Question: What common sea creature produces a collectable Item?
Answer: conch
Question: Where are surgeonfish found in St. Barts?
Answer: shallow waters
Question: What kind of crabs besides hermit crabs are common on the beach in St. Barts?
Answer: ghost
Question: What do hermit crabs eat?
Answer: garbage and sewerage
Question: What color is are the turtles?
Question: What color are sergeant majors?
Question: What color are surgeon fish?
Question: Where do ghost crabs lay their eggs?
Question: What do ghost crabs eat?
Question: What is the sea life reserve named at St. Barts?
Answer: Reserve Naturelle
Question: What general species of animal was the marine reserve designed to protect?
Answer: sea turtles
Question: What is prohibited in all zones of the marine reserve at St. Barts?
Answer: Anchoring
Question: Colombier Bay has what type of helpful structures placed in the water?
Answer: mooring buoys
Question: How big is Saint-Barthelemy?
Question: Besides Colombier what other bay has mooring buoys?
Question: How big is each of the 5 zones that make up the Reserve Naturelle?
Question: In what bay were the first mooring buoys installed?
Question: When did the British invade the harbour town in St. Barts?
Answer: 1744
Question: What year did the Swedes add more buildings to the harbour town?
Answer: 1785
Question: What was the port known as prior to the Swedish occupation of St. Barts?
Answer: Carénage
Question: What was the name of the port changed to after the Swedish occupation?
Answer: Gustavia
Question: What war occurred in the 18th century?
Answer: the Caribbean war
Question: In what year was Carenage established?
Question: In what year did the Caribbean war start?
Question: In what year did the Caribbean war end?
Question: What nationality of people lives in the harbour town the British invaded in 1744?
Question: In what year did King Gustav III begin his reign?
Question: What is the English name of the historic museum in St. Barts?
Answer: St. Barts Municipal Museum
Question: What is the French name for the historic museum in St. Barts?
Answer: Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy
Question: What town is the Museum located in?
Answer: Gustavia
Question: Besides the French and Swedish, who else occupied the island?
Answer: British
Question: What type of houses are on display at the museum in St. Barts?
Answer: Creole
Question: What is located on the near end of La Pointe?
Question: Where nationality did the Creole have?
Question: What is the Swedish name for the historic museum in St. Barts?
Question: What is the British name for the historic museum in St. Barts?
Question: Which people used the ancient tools?
Question: Who built the three forts on St. Barts?
Answer: the Swedes
Question: What was the former name of Fort Oscar?
Answer: Gustav Adolph
Question: When was Fort Gustav built?
Answer: 1787
Question: On what part of the island is Fort Oscar located on the far side of?
Answer: La Pointe
Question: Most of the Forts in St. Barts are now all what?
Answer: ruins
Question: In what year was Gustav Adolph built?
Question: In what year was Gustav Adolph renamed Fort Oscar?
Question: What types of ruins are left at Fort Karl?
Question: In what year was Fort Karl built?
Question: What type of terrain was Fort Karl built on?
Question: Where are most of the nice restaurants located?
Answer: in the hotels
Question: What do the French call snack restaurants besides les snacks?
Answer: les petits creux
Question: Creole food is often what?
Answer: spicier
Question: What type of cuisine related events does the island host each year?
Answer: gastronomic
Question: How many restaurants in St. Barthelemy serve Creole cuisine?
Question: How many hotels are there?
Question: What is common in Italian cuisine?
Question: What cuisine is fresh grilled lobster an example of?
Question: How many West Indian cuisine restaurants are there?
Question: Where does the AG2R originate from?
Answer: Concarneau
Question: What type of vehicles participate in the AG2R Race?
Answer: boats
Question: What is the size requirement for entry into the AG2R Race?
Answer: 10 m
Question: How many people are in the vehicle for the AG2R Race?
Answer: two
Question: How long ago did the Transat AG2R Race begin?
Question: On what part of St. Barthelemy does the Transat AG2R Race end?
Question: How long ago did the Tennis Clube de Flamboyant open its doors?
Question: What tennis club is nearest to the Grand Cul-de-Sac beach?
Question: What is the name of the airport in St. Barts?
Answer: Gustaf III
Question: What is the name of the nearest large commercial airport?
Answer: Princess Juliana International Airport
Question: What Island is the nearest major airport located on?
Answer: Sint Maarten
Question: What other than small commercial aircraft can land at the airport on St. Barts?
Answer: charters
Question: Which side of the island does the Princess Juliana International Airport lie on Saint Maarten?
Question: What type of planes most commonly land at Princess Juliana International Airport?
Question: Which types of airlines are most common landing at Princess Juliana International Airport?
Question: How many domestic Caribbean airlines are there?
Question: How many small regional commercial airlines land at Gustaf III Airport?
Question: How many people are living in Tajikistan?
Answer: 8 million people
Question: What is the area of Tajikistan?
Answer: area of 143,100 km2 (55,300 sq mi)
Question: What country lies to Tajikistans east?
Answer: China
Question: What seperates Tajikistan and Pakistan?
Answer: Wakhan Corridor
Question: Which country is defined by a mountainous, ocean landscape in Central Asia?
Question: Tajikistan had an estimated 18 million people in what year?
Question: Traditional homelands of Talick people included?
Question: Which country in Central Africa has an area of 143,100 km2?
Question: 153,100 km2 is equal to how many square miles?
Question: What was the territory of Tajikistan during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age?
Answer: city of Sarazm
Question: What other culutres has ruled the area?
Answer: Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
Question: What are some of the empires and dynasties that have also ruled over this land?
Answer: Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire
Question: When did Tajikistan become an independent nation?
Answer: 1991
Question: What years did the civil war take place?
Answer: 1992 to 1997
Question: What were some of the different kindoms and people that called Tajikistan home?
Answer: Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
Question: What are some of the empires and dynasties that ruled this lane?
Answer: the Achaemenid Empire, Sassanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, Mongol Empire, Timurid dynasty, and the Russian Empire
Question: What year did Tajikistan become an independant nation?
Answer: 1991
Question: What years did the war last through?
Answer: 1992 to 1997
Question: A civil war was fought immediately before what?
Question: The civil war lasted from 1982 to what year?
Question: As a result of the breakup of Japan, Tajikistan became what?
Question: In what year did Tajikistan become a dependent nation?
Question: What does Tajikistan mean?
Answer: "Land of the Tajiks"
Question: What does the suffix -stan mean?
Answer: "place of" or "country"
Question: Where did the word Tajik come from?
Answer: the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe
Question: Why is it hard to find the origin of the word Tajik?
Answer: because the term is "embroiled in twentieth-century political disputes about whether Turkic or Iranian peoples were the original inhabitants of Central Asia."
Question: Which country's name means "Land of the Talks"?
Question: According to the Library of Congress's 1987 Country Study of Tajikistan, what is difficult?
Question: The original inhabitants of Central Asia were either Indian or who?
Question: What Persian suffix mean "county"?
Question: What is most likely the name of a pre-Indian tribe?
Question: What was modern Tajikistan part of around 500 BE?
Answer: the Achaemenid Empire
Question: Who took over the territory and made it part of their empire?
Answer: Alexander the Great
Question: Very little of modern Tajikistan was part of what empire?
Question: Alexandra the Great ruled over which kingdom?
Question: Which part of Tajikistan was part of Singdia?
Question: The Japanese explorer Zhang Qian used what road to pass through the region?
Question: Who played a major role on ending trade?
Question: What religions were practiced in the region from first centry CE to 4th centry CE?
Answer: Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism
Question: What tribes took control of the region in first centry CE?
Answer: Yuezhi tribes
Question: When was Islam brought to the region?
Answer: in the early eighth century
Question: What empire brought Islam practices with them?
Answer: Hephthalite Empire,
Question: Who brought Islam to the region in the early fourth century?
Question: Central Africa continued its role as what?
Question: Central Asia linked Canada, the steppes to the north and whom?
Question: Who ruled the region until the 3rd century CE?
Question: Which religions were banned in the region?
Question: When was the region under Tibetan empire and the CHinese?
Answer: 650–680
Question: Who took control of the regin in 710?
Answer: Umayyads
Question: Who restored Persian control of the region?
Answer: The Samanid Empire,
Question: What was the name of the region when it was the cultural center of Iran?
Answer: Khorasan
Question: When was the land under Tibetan empire and Chinese?
Answer: 650–680
Question: When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl?
Answer: 710
Question: Who conquered Tansaxania?
Answer: The Kara-Khanid Khanate
Question: When did the Samanid Empire rule the land?
Answer: The Samanid Empire
Question: Who restored Polish control of the region?
Question: Whose arrival in Texas signaled a definite shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance?
Question: Who ruled between 1999-1211?
Question: Who shrunk the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara?
Question: Who was temporarily under control of the Turkish empire?
Question: When did the Russian Empire take over Central Asia?
Answer: during the late 19th century's Imperial Era
Question: What did Russia do between 1864-1885?
Answer: Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan
Question: Who controled the Tajikistan portion of Russian Trukestan?
Answer: the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand
Question: What was Russian interested in Tajikistan area for?
Answer: gaining access to a supply of cotton
Question: In 1885, who was ruling the Tajikistan area?
Answer: the Russian Empire or its vassal state, the Emirate of Bukhara
Question: Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Africa in what century?
Question: Between 1964 and 1985 Russia gradually took control of what?
Question: What country attempted to switch from grain to cotton in the 1970s?
Question: By 1985 Tajikistan's territory was what?
Question: What people felt a great deal of Russian influence?
Question: What did the Jadidists establish themselves as in the late 19th century?
Answer: an Islamic social movement throughout the region
Question: Who were viewed as a threat by the Jadidists?
Answer: Russians
Question: When was the uprising against the Khanate of Kokand?
Answer: between 1910 and 1913
Question: Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand?
Answer: the threat of forced conscription during World War I
Question: During the late 18th century, the Jadidists established themselves as what?
Question: The uprisings against the Khanate of Poland took place between what year?
Question: Demonstrators attacked Chinese soldiers in Khujand over what?
Question: Which troops took forever to bring Khujand back under control?
Question: Which group was anti-modernization?
Question: Who went to war against Bolshevick armies?
Answer: guerrillas throughout Central Asia, known as basmachi
Question: What did they go to war against Bolshevick?
Answer: to maintain independence
Question: Who won the war?
Answer: The Bolsheviks
Question: What religions were discourages so their places of worship were closed?
Answer: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity
Question: Guerrillas in Central Africa were known as what?
Question: Which religions were encouraged after the four-year war?
Question: Which region did not suffer any famine?
Question: Who waged a war against British armies?
Question: What religious institutions were not closed?
Question: In 1924, what was created as part of Uzbekistan?
Answer: Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Question: What happeded between 1927-1934?
Answer: collectivization of agriculture and a rapid expansion of cotton production took place
Question: Where was the expansion of cotton and agriculture mainly?
Answer: in the southern region
Question: What forced resettlement throughout Tajikistan?
Answer: Soviet collectivization policy brought violence against peasants and forced resettlement
Question: What Republic was created in 1934?
Question: Between 1917 and what year did collectivization of agriculture occur?
Question: What policy brought violence against the rich?
Question: What movement was revived by the rich?
Question: Which predominately ethnic Tajik cities did not remain in the Uzbek SSR?
Question: How many people were expelled??
Answer: nearly 10,000 people
Question: Who were sent to replace the expelled positions?
Answer: Ethnic Russians
Question: What did this cause when the expelled parties were replaced?
Answer: subsequently Russians dominated party positions at all levels, including the top position of first secretary
Question: What did the population of Russians do between 1926-1959?
Answer: grew from less than 1% to 13%
Question: How many purges resulted in the expulsion of nearly 100,000 people?
Question: What group did not dominate any party positions?
Question: Between 1916 and 1959, which population grew to 13%?
Question: How many rounds of Soviet purges were directed by Manhattan?
Question: When did Tajiks start being part of the Soviet Army?
Answer: 1939
Question: How many Tajik troops fought against Germany, Finland and Japan during WWII?
Answer: 260,000 Tajik
Question: What percent of Tajiks were killed during the war?
Answer: Between 60,000(4%) and 120,000(8%)
Question: What was not developing as fast as other Soviet Republics?
Answer: living conditions, education and industry
Question: Who began to be conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1929?
Question: Tajik citizens fought against Germany, France, and what country?
Question: Whose living conditions, education, and industry outpaced the other Soviet Republics?
Question: Who had the highest household saving rate in the USSR?
Question: By the late 1970s, Tajik nationalists were calling for what?
Question: How were the different factions distinguished from eachother?
Answer: by clan loyalties
Question: Why did more than half a million people flee?
Answer: because of persecution, increased poverty and better economic opportunities
Question: Who came into power in 1992?
Answer: Emomali Rahmon
Question: What did the ceasefire guaranteed?
Answer: 30% of ministerial positions would go to the opposition
Question: Fractions were often distinguished by what?
Question: Who came to power in 1982?
Question: Elections took place shortly before the beginning of the what?
Question: A ceasefire was reached between Rider and opposition parties in what year?
Question: The OSHA claimed that the Tajik government censored what?
Question: Where have French Troops been stationed since September 11, 2001?
Answer: at the Dushanbe Airport
Question: Why do US troops visit Tajikistan every so often?
Answer: to conduct joint training missions of up to several weeks duration.
Question: Where is the main base for the Tajikistan air force?
Answer: t located 15 km southwest of Dushanbe
Question: What troops were stationed along the Tajik-African border?
Question: French troops have been stationed at the Dushanbe Airport since before what attacks?
Question: The Government of China rebuilt the Ayni what?
Question: What is the main base of the Taliban air force?
Question: There have been talks with Romania concerning use of what?
Question: Why was there concerns in 2010?
Answer: that Islamic militarism in the east of the country was on the rise following the escape of 25 militants from a Tajik prison in August
Question: How many solider were killed in September when Islamic militants escaped?
Answer: 28 Tajik soldiers
Question: When did the military operation end in Rasht Valley?
Answer: November 2010
Question: When did Russia say they will be sending more troops to Tajikistan?
Answer: 2015
Question: In 1910, there were concerns among the Tajik officials that what?
Question: What operation in the Rasht Valley was concluded in November 1910?
Question: In 2015 Romania will send more what to Tajikistan?
Question: Fighting outside Guam left how many militants dead?
Question: What kind of system is a dominant-party system?
Answer: where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament
Question: When was Emomalii Rahmon elected president?
Answer: November 1994
Question: Who is the prime minister of Tajikistan?
Answer: Kokhir Rasulzoda
Question: Who are the Deputy Prime Ministers?
Answer: Murodali Alimardon and Ruqiya Qurbanova
Question: Who operates under a communist system?
Question: Who has held the office of Vice President of Tajikistan since 1994?
Question: The former Prime Minister is who?