huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What skills would have made others more suspicious that Mohammad was not getting his revelations in the way he said?
Answer: writing and reading
Question: What is the most uncommon interpretation of the word "ummi" that the Quran applies to Muhammad?
Question: What is the most common misinterpretation of the word "ummi" that the Quran applies to Muhammad?
Question: Because Mohammed was "ummi," what would he have known about that lent credence to his prophethood?
Question: What term doesn't the Quran use to describe Mohammad's lack of exposure to scripture?
Question: What skills would have made others more suspicious that Mohammad was getting his revelations in the way he said?
Question: Which caliph decided to preserve the Quran as a single book after some of Muhammad's companions were killed in battle?
Answer: Abu Bakr
Question: Which scribe led the production of the first written Quran?
Answer: Zayd ibn Thabit
Question: In which year did Abu Bakr die?
Answer: 634
Question: Who took possession of the first Quran manuscript after Abu Bakr?
Answer: Hafsa bint Umar
Question: Which caliph ordered the Quran manuscript copied and standardized?
Answer: Uthman ibn Affan
Question: Which caliph decided to preserve the Quran as a single book after some of Muhammad's companions were saved in battle?
Question: Which scribe led the production of the last written Quran?
Question: In which year did Abu Bakr survive?
Question: Who took possession of the last Quran manuscript after Abu Bakr?
Question: Which caliph ordered the Quran manuscript copied and destroyed?
Question: What is the term for recycled parchments used in ancient manuscripts?
Answer: palimpsests
Question: Before which year were the Sana'a manuscripts produced?
Answer: 671 AD
Question: In which city was evidence of pre-Uthmanic Quranic writing discovered in 1972?
Answer: Sana'a, Yemen
Question: What version of the Quran was the scriptio superior of the Sana'a manuscripts?
Answer: Uthmanic
Question: What is the term for recycled parchments unused in ancient manuscripts?
Question: What is the term for recycled parchments used in modern manuscripts?
Question: After which year were the Sana'a manuscripts produced?
Question: In which city was evidence of pre-Uthmanic Quranic writing discovered in 1927?
Question: What version of the Quran was the scriptio inferior of the Sana'a manuscripts?
Question: How many years old were the Quran fragments discovered in Birmingham in 2015?
Answer: 1370
Question: Which modern script descends from the script on the Birmingham Quran fragments?
Answer: Arabic
Question: What feature of the Birmingham Quran fragments' text make some doubt that it is older than other known versions of the Quran?
Answer: dots and chapter separators
Question: How many years old were the Quran fragments discovered in Birmingham in 1915?
Question: How many years old were the Quran fragments lost in Birmingham in 2015?
Question: What script weren't the Birmingham Quran fragments written in?
Question: Which unmodern script descends from the script on the Birmingham Quran fragments?
Question: What feature of the Birmingham Quran fragments' text make some doubt that it is newer than other known versions of the Quran?
Question: Which section of the Quran inspires some Muslims to ritually wash themselves before touching their copy?
Answer: 56:79
Question: What is done with the ashes of burned copies of the Quran?
Answer: buried or scattered over water
Question: In what state are copies of the Quran sometime wrapped in cloth and buried?
Answer: Worn-out
Question: Which are the safest places to inter an older copy of the Quran?
Answer: a mosque or a Muslim cemetery
Question: Which section of the Quran inspires all Muslims to ritually wash themselves before touching their copy?
Question: Which section of the Quran inspires some Jews to ritually wash themselves before touching their copy?
Question: What isn't done with the ashes of burned copies of the Quran?
Question: In what state are copies of the Quran never wrapped in cloth and buried?
Question: Which are the safest places to inter an newer copy of the Quran?
Question: What term indicates that the contents of the Quran cannot be reproduced in speech?
Answer: I'jaz
Question: Until what day is the Quran believed to be in effect?
Answer: Day of Resurrection
Question: In which year did the Medieval Muslim scholar al-Baqillani die?
Answer: 1013
Question: Which Muslim scholar studied the Quran's inimitability until his death in 1078?
Answer: al-Jurjani
Question: What term indicates that the contents of the Quran should be reproduced in speech?
Question: Until what day is the Quran believed to not be in effect?
Question: In which year did the Medieval Muslim scholar al-Baqillani survive illness?
Question: Which Muslim scholar studied the Quran's inimitability until his death in 1087?
Question: Which Jewish scholar studied the Quran's inimitability until his death in 1078?
Question: How many suras are in the Quran?
Answer: 114
Question: What two city-related categories divide the Quran's suras?
Answer: Meccan or Medinan
Question: What determines the order in which suras are placed in the Quran?
Answer: size
Question: Which Arabic phrase opens almost all suras?
Answer: Bismillah
Question: What is a chapter of the Quran not called?
Question: How many suras aren't in the Quran?
Question: What three city-related categories divide the Quran's suras?
Question: What two city-related categories multiply the Quran's suras?
Question: What determines the order in which suras aren't placed in the Quran?
Question: What division of the Quran is used for a month-long reading?
Answer: juz'
Question: How many ajzā cover the entire Quran?
Answer: 30
Question: How many ahzab are in a juz'?
Answer: two
Question: What is the term for a subdivision of a hizb?
Answer: rubʻ al-ahzab
Question: What division is used for a week-long recital of the Quran?
Answer: manzil
Question: What division of the Quran is unused for a month-long reading?
Question: How many ajzā cover the partial Quran?
Question: How many ahzab aren't in a juz'?
Question: What isn't the term for a subdivision of a hizb?
Question: What division is unused for a week-long recital of the Quran?
Question: Quranic verses concerning which phenomena are thought by Muslims to authenticate its contents?
Answer: natural
Question: What types of events are related in the Quran in support of its moral teachings?
Answer: historical
Question: Historical narratives from whose time period are unique to the Quran among holy books?
Answer: Muhammad's
Question: Quranic verses concerning which phenomena are thought by Muslims to unauthenticate its contents?
Question: Quranic verses concerning which phenomena are thought by Jews to authenticate its contents?
Question: What types of events aren't related in the Quran in support of its moral teachings?
Question: What types of events are unrelated in the Quran in support of its moral teachings?
Question: Historical narratives from whose time period aren't unique to the Quran among holy books?
Question: What fraction of the Quran deals with eschatology?
Answer: one-third
Question: What general topic is eschatology about?
Answer: the final fate of the universe
Question: Which natural disaster features in Sura 22?
Answer: earthquake
Question: What topic do suras 44, 56, 75, and 101 have in common?
Answer: afterlife
Question: What fraction of the Quran deals with emmatology?
Question: What general topic isn't eschatology about?
Question: Which unnatural disaster features in Sura 22?
Question: Which natural disaster features in Sura 32?
Question: What topic do suras 44, 65, 75, and 101 have in common?
Question: In what form does the Quran say God sends his messages to people?
Answer: signs and revelations
Question: Who intermediates between God and prophets?
Answer: Angels
Question: Which part of the Quran describes God's use of intermediaries between himself and his prophets?
Answer: 42:51
Question: How does the Quran describe the similarity of messages God has delivered throughout human history?
Answer: identical
Question: Which humans are the messengers of God?
Answer: Prophets
Question: In what form doesn't the Quran say God sends his messages to people?
Question: Who intermediates between Jesus and prophets?
Question: Which part of the Quran describes Mohammed's use of intermediaries between himself and his prophets?
Question: How does the Quran describe the differences of messages God has delivered throughout human history?
Question: Which nonhumans are the messengers of God?
Question: What mental state is the foundation of morality as described by the Quran?
Answer: Belief
Question: What finance-related acts are forbidden by the Quran?
Answer: usury and gambling
Question: What is the name of the formal prayer proscribed by the Quran?
Answer: salat
Question: Which month is designated for fasting in the Quran?
Answer: Ramadan
Question: The Quran uses a term that also means purification for what social act?
Answer: charity
Question: What physical state is the foundation of morality as described by the Quran?
Question: What finance-unrelated acts are forbidden by the Quran?
Question: What is the name of the informal prayer proscribed by the Quran?
Question: Which month is no longer designated for fasting in the Quran?
Question: The Quran uses a term that also means impurification for what social act?
Question: Which astrophysicist has written about the ways the Quran encourages scientific thinking?
Answer: Nidhal Guessoum
Question: Verse 2:111 of the Quran supports which aspect of scientific thought and practice?
Answer: proof
Question: Whose scholarship on the concept of proof in the Quran does Guessoum cite?
Answer: Ghaleb Hasan
Question: Which philosopher believed the Quran had a rational and empirical basis like science?
Answer: Muhammad Iqbal
Question: Which astrobiologist has written about the ways the Quran encourages scientific thinking?
Question: Which astrophysicist has written about the ways the Quran discourages scientific thinking?
Question: Verse 2:111 of the Quran supports which aspect of nonscientific thought and practice?
Question: Whose scholarship on the concept of proof in the Quran doesn't Guessoum cite?
Question: Which philosopher believed the Quran had a irrational and empirical basis like science?
Question: Nature and its phenomena are mentioned in approximately how many of the Quran's verses?
Answer: 750
Question: Al-Battani is an example of a Muslim scientist who drew inspiration from which text?
Answer: Quran
Question: Who recommended science as a way to achieve the goals of the Quran?
Answer: Mohammad Hashim Kamali
Question: Who argued that the Quran inspired the first practitioners of the scientific method we use today?
Answer: Ziauddin Sardar
Question: Al-Biruni is a example of a scientists of which religion?
Answer: Muslim
Question: Nature and its phenomena aren't mentioned in approximately how many of the Quran's verses?
Question: Al-Battani is an example of a Muslim scientist who rejected inspiration from which text?
Question: Who rejected science as a way to achieve the goals of the Quran?
Question: Who argued that the Quran inspired the last practitioners of the scientific method we use today?
Question: Al-Biruni is a example of a artist of which religion?
Question: Which physicist quoted the Quran in his address after receiving the Nobel Prize?
Answer: Abdus Salam
Question: Which verse from the Quran did Abdus Salam quote at his Nobel banquet?
Answer: 67:3-4
Question: Which two Muslim scientists did Salam celebrate as inventors of empirical methods?
Answer: Ibn al-Haytham and Al-Biruni
Question: Salam suggests physics and science be kept separate from which topics which are more suited to religion?
Answer: metaphysics
Question: Which biologist quoted the Quran in his address after receiving the Nobel Prize?
Question: Which verse from the Quran didn't Abdus Salam quote at his Nobel banquet?
Question: Which two Muslim scientists did Salam celebrate as inventors of unempirical methods?
Question: Salam suggests physics and science be kept together from which topics which are more suited to religion?
Question: Salam suggests physics and science be kept separate from which topics which are less suited to religion?
Question: What description of the writing in the Quran highlights its poetic aspect?
Answer: rhymed prose
Question: Which suras in the Quran are particularly rhythmic?
Answer: earlier Meccan suras
Question: What often changes along with the rhyming of Quranic verses?
Answer: subject of discussion
Question: Which parts of the Quran are the least poetic?
Answer: Later
Question: What description of the reading in the Quran highlights its poetic aspect?
Question: What description of the writing in the Quran highlights its unpoetic aspect?
Question: Which suras in the Quran are particularly non-rhythmic?
Question: What often stays the same  along with the rhyming of Quranic verses?
Question: Which parts of the Quran are the most poetic?
Question: What is lacking in the arrangement of the Quranic text?
Answer: continuity
Question: To which critic does Michael Sells refer on the subject of the Quran's disorganization?
Answer: Norman O. Brown
Question: How does Sells describe the Quran's repetitiveness?
Answer: a literary device
Question: Which scholar believes the Quran's fragmentary writing style is an effective literary device for a prophetic message?
Answer: Michael Sells
Question: What is prominent in the arrangement of the Quranic text?
Question: To which critic does Michael Sells not refer on the subject of the Quran's disorganization?
Question: To which critic does Michael Sells refer on the subject of the Quran's organization?
Question: How does Sells describe the Quran's non-repetitiveness?
Question: Which scholar believes the Quran's fragmentary writing style isn't an effective literary device for a prophetic message?
Question: What metatextual character does Stefan Wild focus on in his discussion of the Quran?
Answer: Self-referentiality
Question: What quality does the Quran claim in the different ways in which it refers to itself?
Answer: Divinity
Question: Which term that the Quran uses for itself means "news"?
Answer: naba'
Question: The Quran is more self-referential in which of its suras?
Answer: early Meccan suras
Question: What metatextual character doesn't Stefan Wild focus on in his discussion of the Quran?
Question: What quality doesn't the Quran claim in the different ways in which it refers to itself?
Question: What quality does the Quran claim in the same ways in which it refers to itself?
Question: Which term that the Quran uses for itself doesn't mean "news"?
Question: The Quran is less self-referential in which of its suras?
Question: What is the name of the activity of explaining what Quranic verses mean?
Answer: Tafsir
Question: Who was the first practitioner of Tafsir?
Answer: Muhammad
Question: What is the Arabic term for Quranic exegesis?
Answer: Tafsir
Question: Who were 'Ali ibn Abi Talib and 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas?
Answer: Companions of Muhammad
Question: What is the name of the activity of not explaining what Quranic verses mean?
Question: Who was the last practitioner of Tafsir?
Question: Who was the first rejecter of Tafsir?
Question: What isn't the Arabic term for Quranic exegesis?
Question: Who weren't 'Ali ibn Abi Talib and 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas?
Question: What is the Arabic term for the cancellation of one part of the Quran by another?
Answer: nāsikh
Question: What is the name of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community's published Quran commentary?
Answer: Tafseer e Kabir
Question: In which language is the Tafseer e Kabir written?
Answer: Urdu
Question: What is the term for earlier portions of the Quran that may have been superseded by later parts?
Answer: mansūkh
Question: In which language is the Quran unrecited?
Question: In which language isn't the Quran recited?
Question: What is the Arabic term for the continuation of one part of the Quran by another?
Question: What is the name of the Ahmadiyya Jewish Community's published Quran commentary?
Question: What is the term for later portions of the Quran that may have been superseded by earlier parts?
Question: What is another term for Sufi Quranic interpretation?
Answer: Esoteric
Question: What Arabic word describes the aspects of Quranic verses that Sufism tries to push beyond?
Answer: zahir
Question: Sands says Sufi interpretations tend to use which literary device rather than direct explanation?
Answer: allusions
Question: What is an Arabic term for allusions?
Answer: isharat
Question: What is another term for Sufi Quranic misinterpretation?
Question: What isn't another term for Sufi Quranic interpretation?
Question: What Arabic word describes the aspects of Biblical verses that Sufism tries to push beyond?
Question: Sands says Sufi interpretations tend to use which literary device rather than indirect explanation?
Question: What isn't an Arabic term for allusions?
Question: Beloved is a term for God used by which style of Quranic interpretation?
Answer: Sufi
Question: Which Quranic verse describes Moses' encounter with God at the mountain?
Answer: 7:143
Question: In Sufi thought, what experiences bring one closer to truth?
Answer: longing and suffering
Question: Who wrote that Moses had lost the Moses in himself along the way to his encounter with God?
Answer: Qushayri
Question: Beloved is a term for God used by which style of Quranic misinterpretation?
Question: Beloved is a term for God used by which style of Biblical interpretation?
Question: Which Biblical verse describes Moses' encounter with God at the mountain?
Question: In Sufi thought, what experiences bring one farther from the truth?
Question: Who wrote that Moses had found the Moses in himself along the way to his encounter with God?
Question: Who was an important esoteric interpreter of the Quran in the 11th century?
Answer: Sulami
Question: What is the English name of Sulami's major work?
Answer: Truths of Exegesis
Question: In which language did Maybudi write?
Answer: Persian
Question: In which year did the poet Rumi die?
Answer: 1273
Question: Which Sufi commentator wrote the Spirit of Elucidation?
Answer: Ismail Hakki Bursevi
Question: Who was an important esoteric interpreter of the Quran in the 10th century?
Question: What is the English name of Sulami's minor work?
Question: In which language did Maybudi not write?
Question: In which year didn't the poet Rumi die?
Question: Which Sufi commentator read the Spirit of Elucidation?
Question: What is the Arabic term for the surface-level aspects of a text?
Answer: zahir
Question: What Arabic term applies to interpretations aimed at the deeper, esoteric meanings of a text?
Answer: ta'wil
Question: Who is the only one who ever knows the full meaning of Quranic verses in the esoteric view?
Answer: God
Question: Which two groups are examples of Muslims who advocate a very literal reading of the Quran?
Answer: Salafis and Zahiris
Question: What is the Jewish term for the surface-level aspects of a text?
Question: What is the Arabic term for the surface-level aspects of a song?
Question: What Arabic term applies to misinterpretations aimed at the deeper, esoteric meanings of a text?
Question: Who is the only one who ever knows the partial meaning of Quranic verses in the esoteric view?
Question: Which two groups are examples of Muslims who advocate a very unliteral reading of the Quran?
Question: Which work did scribes from Khorasan translate in the 10th century?
Answer: Tafsir al-Tabari
Question: Whose student wrote a Persian tafsir of the Quran in the 11th century?
Answer: Abu Mansur Abdullah al-Ansari
Question: Who wrote a Persian translation of the Quran in the 12th century?
Answer: Najm al-Din Abu Hafs al-Nasafi
Question: To which dynasty did the king who commissioned the first translation of Quranic texts belong?
Answer: Samanid
Question: In which language was the Quran last translated?
Question: Which work did scribes from Khorasan translate in the 11th century?
Question: Whose student wrote a Persian tafsir of the Quran in the 10th century?
Question: Who wrote a Persian translation of the Quran in the 11th century?
Question: To which dynasty did the king who commissioned the last translation of Quranic texts belong?
Question: In which year was the Quran first translated into a Western language?
Answer: 1143
Question: Who completed the first Latin version of the Quran?
Answer: Robert of Ketton
Question: Whose French translation of the Quran was the model for the first English version?
Answer: Andre du Ryer
Question: Which organization offers versions of the Quran in 50 languages?
Answer: Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
Question: In which language was Alexander Ross' version of the Quran published in 1649?
Answer: English
Question: In which year was the Quran last translated into a Western language?
Question: Who completed the last Latin version of the Quran?
Question: Whose French translation of the Quran was the model for the last English version?
Question: Which organization offers versions of the Quran in 60 languages?
Question: In which language was Alexander Ross' version of the Quran published in 1694?
Question: What discipline concerns the way the Quran is correctly recited?
Answer: tajwid
Question: Tajwid deals with what aspect of the phonemes in the Quran?
Answer: pronunciation
Question: Tajwid describes rules for what noiseless aspect of articulating Quranic verses?
Answer: pause in recitation
Question: Rhythm is an example of which features of Quranic recitation covered by tajwid?
Answer: musical and melodious
Question: What discipline concerns the way the Quran is incorrectly recited?
Question: What discipline concerns the way the Quran is correctly unrecited?
Question: Tajwid describes rules for what noiseless aspect of inarticulating Quranic verses?
Question: Tajwid deals with what aspect of the phonemes in the Bible?
Question: Rhythm is an example of which features of Quranic recitation uncovered by tajwid?
Question: The absence of which language feature made early Quranic recitation more diverse?
Answer: Vocalization markers
Question: Which Baghdad scholar identified justified seven different Quranic readings?
Answer: Ibn Mujāhid
Question: Which recitation is the original basis of the Quran of Cairo?
Answer: ʻAsim's
Question: Which century produced the seven readings selected by Ibn Mujāhid?
Answer: 8th
Question: Which city corresponds to Asim's recitation of the Quran?
Answer: Kufa
Question: The absence of which language feature made later Quranic recitation more diverse?
Question: Which Baghdad scholar identified unjustified seven different Quranic readings?
Question: Which recitation is the later basis of the Quran of Cairo?
Question: Which century produced the eight readings selected by Ibn Mujāhid?
Question: Which city doesn't correspond to Asim's recitation of the Quran?
Question: Who created Quranic manuscripts before the 19th century?
Answer: calligraphers and copyists
Question: What is the name of the thicker-stroked writing used for the Quran beginning in the 9th century?
Answer: Kufic scripts
Question: Which was the most widely used script by copyists in the 11th century?
Answer: naskh
Question: Where was the Maghribi script most commonly used by Quran copyists?
Answer: North Africa and Spain
Question: Which script was only used to copy the Quran by people in northern India?
Answer: Bihari
Question: Who created Quranic manuscripts before the 18th century?
Question: What is the name of the thicker-stroked writing used for the Quran beginning in the 8th century?
Question: Which was the most widely used script by copyists in the 10th century?
Question: Where was the Maghribi script least commonly used by Quran copyists?
Question: Which script was never used to copy the Quran by people in northern India?
Question: In which century were vocalization marking added to the Quran?
Answer: ninth century
Question: Where were Quran copies kept for those who could not afford their own?
Answer: mosques
Question: What are the parts of the Quran called that are 30 in total?
Answer: juzʼ
Question: Which group of Quran copyists produced the most in-demand manuscripts?
Answer: Ottoman
Question: In which century were vocalization marking taken from the Quran?
Question: Where were Quran copies kept for those who could afford their own?
Question: Where weren't Quran copies kept for those who could not afford their own?
Question: What are the parts of the Quran called that are 33 in total?
Question: Which group of Quran copyists produced the least in-demand manuscripts?
Question: Which Biblical character is the most often mentioned person in the Quran?
Answer: Moses
Question: Who has claimed that Christians and Jews had heard and discussed the Quran before it took on its standardized Arabic form?
Answer: Sahih al-Bukhari
Question: Which older language is thought to strongly resemble that of the Quran?
Answer: Syriac
Question: Which relative of Jesus appears more often in the Quran than the New Testament?
Answer: Mary
Question: What do devout Muslims believe is the reason for the overlap of events and characters in the Bible and Quran?
Answer: common divine source
Question: Which Biblical character is the least often mentioned person in the Quran?
Question: Who hasn't claimed that Christians and Jews had heard and discussed the Quran before it took on its standardized Arabic form?
Question: Which older language is thought to weakly resemble that of the Quran?
Question: Which relative of Jesus appears less often in the Quran than the New Testament?
Question: What do devout Muslims believe is the reason for no overlap of events and characters in the Bible and Quran?
Question: What are the two type of ta'wil?
Answer: acceptable and unacceptable
Question: Which type of esoteric interpretation involves a transfer by proof of a verse's meaning?
Answer: Unacceptable
Question: The implicit meaning of a Quranic verse that is known fully only by God is which type of ta'wil?
Answer: Acceptable
Question: What are the three type of ta'wil?
Question: What aren't the two type of ta'wil?
Question: Which type of esoteric misinterpretation involves a transfer by proof of a verse's meaning?
Question: Which type of unesoteric interpretation involves a transfer by proof of a verse's meaning?
Question: The explicit meaning of a Quranic verse that is known fully only by God is which type of ta'wil?
Question: What was done to the Quranic text early in its history leaving few markedly different variants?
Answer: standardized
Question: Which which university is Fred Donner affiliated?
Answer: University of Chicago
Question: The Quran is widely accepted by historians to contain a relatively accurate record of whose words?
Answer: Muhammad
Question: Who had begun forgetting Muhammad's revelations in his lifetime?
Question: What was done to the Quranic text late in its history leaving few markedly different variants?
Question: What was done to the Quranic text early in its history leaving few markedly same variants?
Question: Which which university isn't Fred Donner affiliated?
Question: The Quran is widely rejected by historians to contain a relatively accurate record of whose words?
Question: What measure of distance described the nearness of the Angel's approach to Mohammad?
Answer: two bows' length
Question: In which work did Welch express his belief that Mohammad's physical reaction to the revelation was historically accurate? 
Answer: Encyclopaedia of Islam
Question: Which people would Mohammad's critics have compared him to at the time?
Answer: a possessed man, a soothsayer or a magician
Question: What mental symptom accompanied Muhammad's revelations?
Question: What measure of time described the nearness of the Angel's approach to Mohammad?
Question: In which work did Welch express his belief that Mohammad's physical reaction to the revelation was historically inaccurate?
Question: Which people wouldn't Mohammad's critics have compared him to at the time?
Question: Which people would Mohammad's critics haven't compared him to at the time?
Question: What can interpretation find that lies the behind the apparent events referred to in a Quranic story?
Answer: a spiritual reality
Question: What was the original meaning of ta'wil?
Answer: "to return" or "the returning place"
Question: What philosophical term corresponds to the type of interpretation in ta'wil?
Answer: hermeneutic
Question: What can misinterpretation find that lies the behind the apparent events referred to in a Quranic story?
Question: What can interpretation find that lies the behind the inapparent events referred to in a Quranic story?
Question: What was the final meaning of ta'wil?
Question: What wasn't the original meaning of ta'wil?
Question: What biographical term corresponds to the type of interpretation in ta'wil?
Question: Who do Shia Muslims believe can approach Quranic truths besides God and Muhammad?
Answer: imams
Question: According to Shia Muslims, who is the only one who can fully know the a Quranic interpretation?
Answer: God
Question: How must God have treated those who are qualified to know Quranic sectets?
Answer: purified
Question: Who do Shia Muslims believe can approach Quranic falsehoods besides God and Muhammad?
Question: Who do Sunni Muslims believe can approach Quranic truths besides God and Muhammad?
Question: According to Sunni Muslims, who is the only one who can fully know the a Quranic interpretation?
Question: According to Shia Muslims, who is the only one who can never know the a Quranic interpretation?
Question: How must God have treated those who are unqualified to know Quranic sectets?
Question: During the period from 1989 - 1996, what was the total are of the US in miles?
Answer: 3,618,780 sq mi
Question: According to the CIA World Factbook, what is the total area of the US in miles?
Answer: 3,794,100 sq mi
Question: According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, what is the total area of the US in miles?
Answer: 3,676,486 sq mi
Question: The total square miles of land only in the United States was 9,372,610 km² during what time period?
Question: Currently the World encyclopedia mileage of the United States is what?
Question: What encyclopedia includes both the Great Lakes and coastal waters in the United States square mileage?
Question: These sources consider overseas territories all fifty states and what?
Question: Compared to other countries, how large is the US?
Answer: third or fourth largest country
Question: Which country is the worlds fourth largest?
Answer: Canada
Question: Who may also be the third largest country?
Answer: China
Question: By land area only the United States is slightly larger or smaller than what other country?
Question: China and the United States are larger than Russia and what other country in total area?
Question: My total area land and water whether the United States is the third-largest country depends on what?
Question: Since the initial publication of the world factbook Guinness has done what?
Question: Brazil is larger than what other two countries?
Question: Who does the US share land borders with?
Answer: Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south),
Question: Who does the US share water borders with in the northwest?
Answer: Russia
Question: How many contiguous states are there?
Answer: forty-eight
Question: Which ocean does Alaska border to the south?
Answer: Pacific Ocean
Question: United States shares land borders with Russia Canada and what other country?
Question: The contiguous forty-eight states are bound by the Pacific on the east and what ocean on the West?
Question: What state borders the bearing straight on the east?
Question: Hawaii lays far to the north east in what ocean?
Question: The Gulf of Mexico lies to the southwest of what country?
Question: Which US state donated Washington, D.C.?
Answer: Maryland
Question: What are the US territories overseas located in the Pacific?
Answer: Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands
Question: Which US state also donated territory to Washington, D.C., but had it returned?
Answer: Virginia
Question: What is the capital state of the United States?
Question: The District of Columbia is on land donated by what two states?
Question: What are the uninhabited territories the US has in the Pacific?
Question: US territories of Puerto Rico Virgin Islands and Cuba are located where?
Question: Which of the Great Lakes is entirely located in US territory?
Answer: Lake Michigan
Question: Which major river is located west of the Appalachian mountains?
Answer: Mississippi River
Question: What type of land makes up the Ohio and Tennessee valleys?
Answer: rolling hills and productive farmland
Question: Which section of the US contains subtropical forests and mangrove wetlands?
Answer: southeast United States
Question: The five Great Lakes formal border with what country?
Question: Which great Lake is located entirely outside of US territory?
Question: Which major river is located east of the Appalachian Mountains
Question: What are the two large Western tributaries of the Mississippi River?
Question: Which section of the US contains tropical forests and mangrove wetlands?
Question: What area is located in between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains?
Answer: The Great Plains
Question: In which area are a large number of the country's agricultural products grown?
Answer: the Great Plains
Question: How high does elevation rise in the Great Plains?
Answer: a mile high
Question: What is the only major mountain ranged located between the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains?
Answer: Interior Highlands
Question: What area is located between the Mississippi River and the appellation Mountains?
Question: A small portion of the countries what is grown in the Great Plains?
Question: The elevation of what is more than a mile high near the Mississippi River?
Question: What are the only mountains between the Rocky Mountains and Appellation Mountains?
Question: Before being converted to grassland the Great Plains were known for what?
Question: Which northern country do the Rocky Mountains terminate at?
Answer: Mexico
Question: In the US, which region is the highest by elevation?
Answer: The Rocky Mountain
Question: In which state are the highest peaks of the Rocky Mountains found?
Answer: Colorado
Question: Where did the Great Plains come to a gradual and at?
Question: The appellation Mountains are the highest region of what?
Question: What mountains generally contain steep slopes and narrow peaks?
Question: The Lowes peak of the Rockies is found in what state?
Question: What is a low speak of the Rockies?
Question: What is the name of the plateau that lies west of the Rocky Mountains?
Answer: Intermontane Plateaus
Question: What is the name of the large southern portion of the Intermontane Plateaus?
Answer: the Great Basin
Question: What type of flats compose the Great Basin?
Answer: salt flats
Question: What region is centered around the Four Corners?
Answer: Colorado Plateau
Question: What is the name of the plateau that lies east of the Rocky Mountains?
Question: A large semi arid desert lies between Rockies and what?
Question: The large northern portion is known as what?
Question: The South East is predominantly what?
Question: What is the name of the range where the Intermontane plateaus end?
Answer: Cascade Range
Question: What type of mountains compose the Cascades?
Answer: volcanic mountains
Question: Which mountain range contains Mount Whitney?
Answer: Sierra Nevada
Question: What is the largest point in the Sierra Nevadas?
Answer: Mount Whitney
Question: How tall is Mount Whitney?
Answer: 14,505 ft
Question: What is the name of the range where theIntermontane plateau begins?
Question: The Cascades consist largely of overlapping what?
Question: What is the name of the high gentle dense mountain range?
Question: What mountain range contains the lowest point in a contagious forty-eight states
Question: The highest point in North America is and what basin?
Question: What are two national parks located in the mountainous regions?
Answer: Yosemite and Mount Rainier
Question: What is the name of the famous valley located in California?
Answer: Central Valley
Question: What is the name of the famous valley located in Oregon?
Answer: Willamette Valley
Question: What are the low mountain ranges that are located along the pacific coast called?
Answer: Pacific Coast Ranges
Question: What are the tallest trees in the world?
Answer: Redwoods
Question: What two national parks are located on the planes?
Question: East of the Cascades Sierra Nevada is a series of what?
Question: What is the name of the high mountain range along the coast?
Question: What are the skinniest trees in the world?
Question: Why does the Appalachian Highland have the terrain it does?
Answer: crustal deformations
Question: During what geological period did the Appalachian mountains reach their highest formation point?
Answer: Permian time
Question: What is the name of the mountaneous region along the Atlantic cost. 
Answer: The Appalachian Highland
Question: The Atlantic Coast of what country is high with minor exceptions?
Question: What made to see advance on the land in the southeasternAppalachian?
Question: What kind of deformation created in northwest Southeast trend in the Appalachian
Question: During what geological. That the Appalachian Mountains reach their lowest point
Question: The of Appalachian Mountains are low today because of modern what?
Question: What are the two branches of the Cordilleran system?
Answer: Rocky Mountain System and the Pacific Mountain System
Question: Which two major rivers are located in the Cordilleran system?
Answer: Columbia River and Colorado River
Question: Which region of the Appalachians is the most arid?
Answer: southwest
Question: What system is relatively high and wide?
Question: The Appalachian system is bordered on the southwest and south by what?
Question: The Cordilleran system on the eastern side of the continent is what?
Question: What has three branches including the Rocky Mountains system?
Question: Light force cover what coast?
Question: What is one of the two major highlands that stretch from the gulf of mexico to the Arctic ocean?
Answer: Laurentian Highlands
Question: How far north do the Interior Highlands reach?
Answer: Arctic Ocean
Question: Which two nations are the central plains divided in?
Answer: Canadian and a United States
Question: Where does the Mississippi discharge?
Answer: Gulf of Mexico
Question: What is the name of the three highlands that stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean?
Question: The lower Mississippi and some of the Ohio basin are what type of region?
Question: Originally trees covered all of what?
Question: What Highland stop at the national boundary?
Question: The Ohio River discharges where?
Question: Hawaii has what type of climate?
Answer: tropical
Question: Which state is known for its Mediterranean climate?
Answer: California
Question: What contributed to the rise of the US as a world power?
Answer: agricultural climate
Question: What is the climate like in most areas of the US?
Answer: temperate
Question: The southwestern part of what country is subtropical
Question: Hawaii and what other state or subtropical?
Question: The Great Plains are erred west of what Meridian?
Question: The United States favorable agricultural climate hindered what?
Question: The United States has frequent droughts and widespread what?
Question: What is the precipitation average in the Intermontane plateaus?
Answer: 15 inches
Question: In the southwest, how high do temperatures get?
Answer: 100 °F (37.8 °C)
Question: During which months are portions of the US affected by the monsoon from the Gulf of California?
Answer: July to September
Question: What type of weather do monsoons bring?
Answer: severe thunderstorms
Question: The great basin and what other region are semiarid?
Question: The cascade Sierra Nevada receive how much precipitation on average
Question: South-central United States is a hot desert with temperatures exceeding what?
Question: The Southeast and great basin are affected by what?
Question: Monsoons bring widespread what to the region?
Question: During what time of the year does California receive the most rainfall?
Answer: October–April
Question: Which region of the US experiences rain year round?
Answer: Pacific Northwest
Question: Which region in the US is also one of the most snowiest places in the world?
Answer: The Cascades
Question: How many inches of snow do regions of the Cascades receive?
Answer: 600 inches
Question: California has little rainfall and what type of climate?
Question: California receives the least amount of rainfall during what months?
Question: The what mountains receive little precipitation and light snowfall?
Question: What mountain range averages under 600 inches of snow year?
Question: Which mountainous region receives the highest snowfall on Earth?
Answer: mountains of the western states
Question: Which mountain in Washington receives the most amount of snowfall?
Answer: Mount Rainier
Question: What is the record amount of snowfall at Mount Rainer?
Answer: 1,122 inches
Question: In what year did Mount Rainer receive a record amount of snowfall?
Answer: 1998-99
Question: The Sierra Nevadas are located near which lake?
Answer: Lake Tahoe
Question: On average the mountains of the Western states receive the lowest levels of what?
Question: The lowest annual snowfall level is on what mountain?
Question: Mount Baker had the highest recorded snowfall and how many inches?
Question: In what year did Mount Baker receive the highest recorded snowfall?
Question: Other places significant snowfall in the cascade Range or what?
Question: Which regions in the East receives the most amount of snowfall?
Answer: Great Lakes and the mountains of the Northeast
Question: What is the average amount of rainfall that the Quinault rainforest in Washington receives?
Answer: 137 inches
Question: Which state receives an average of 460 inches of rainfall per year?
Answer: Hawaii
Question: What is the name of the desert that is located in the driest region in the US?
Answer: Mojave Desert
Question: Which region of the East receives the least amount of snowfall?
Question: Which region of the US receives the least amount of rainfall
Question: Was named the rain force in Oregon?
Question: What state receives an average of 400 inches of rainfall per year?
Question: What is the name of the joys desert in the world?
Question: Where are tornadoes most common on Earth?
Answer: central portions of the U.S.
Question: During which seasons are tornados most common?
Answer: spring and summer
Question: Which regions experience the worst flooding in the US?
Answer: Appalachian region and the Midwest
Question: Which region experiences the worst droughts in the US?
Answer: Southwest
Question: What type of disasters affects the western US every year?
Answer: wildfires
Question: Where tornadoes least common on earth?
Question: What are most common in the summer and fall?
Question: Destructive hurricanes occur along the West Coast and where else?
Question: The Northwest and what other region experienced the worst flooding in the US?
Question: What disaster affects the Southwest every year?
Question: What fuels wildfires and causes them to spread in the west?
Answer: desert shrub
Question: What type of storms can cause most activity to stop?
Answer: Nor'Easter snowstorms
Question: What is the name of the event that caused major flooding in the western US?
Answer: El Niño
Question: What is the name of the major event that caused flooding in the eastern United States?
Question: The Mississippi did not flood during what year?
Question: The narrow canyons of many mounds can lead to what?
Question: What type of storms occur all over the East Coast?
Question: What is the area in the pacific known for heavy volcanic activity?
Answer: Pacific Ring of Fire
Question: The Pacific Ring of Fire contains what percentage of the earthquakes on Earth?
Answer: 90%
Question: Which Hawaiin volcano has been erupting since 1983?
Answer: Kilauea
Question: When was the last time that the Hawaiin islands experienced a life threatening volcanic eruption?
Answer: 17th century
Question: What year did Mt St. Helens erupt causing devastating damage?
Answer: 1980
Question: What volcano erupted in 1990?
Question: What is the source of 80% of the world's earthquakes?
Question: What Hawaiian volcano has been erupting since 1985?
Question: When was the first time the Hawaiian Islands experienced a life-threatening volcanic eruption?
Question: The American Southwest sees the highest concentration of what?
Question: What were CD's originally created to store?
Answer: sound recordings
Question: What does SVCD stand for?
Answer: Super Video Compact Disc
Question: In what year were compact discs realesed for purchase?
Answer: 1982
Question: What was the original intended format for CDs?
Answer: data storage
Question: What year were CDs changed so that they could store data?
Question: What does ROM in CD-ROM stand for?
Question: Which was released first; CD-R or CD-RW?
Question: Who created the CD?
Question: What does CD-i stand for?
Question: How many CDs had been distrubuted worldwide by 2007?
Answer: 200 billion
Question: What percent decrease did audio CD sales experience?
Answer: 50%
Question: How many CDs had been distrubuted around the world by 2007?
Answer: 200 billion
Question: In 2004 how many CDs had been sold around the world?
Answer: 30 billion
Question: What year did digital media begin to replace CDs?
Question: How many CDs had been sold in the US by 2007?
Question: In what year did CD sales peak?
Question: Why are CD sales doing better than digital storage services?
Question: How have CD sales changed internationally?
Question: Who created Compact Disc prototypes in the 1970s?
Answer: Philips and Sony
Question: How lond did the creation of Red Book CD-DA standard take?
Answer: a year
Question: How many CD players were sold in the United States in their first year?
Answer: 400,000
Question: What did the CD evolve from?
Answer: LaserDisc
Question: What made it possible for CDs to be played on any companies CD player?
Answer: unified design
Question: To what does the compact disc owe its prosperity?
Answer: cooperation between Philips and Sony
Question: What year did CD players become available for purchase?
Answer: 1982
Question: Which company created the CD first?
Question: How many CD players sold in 1984?
Question: What year was the LaserDisc created?
Question: How long was the Red Book CD-DA in print?
Question: How were customers disadvantaged by the Philips and Sony merger?
Question: In what year did Philips institute a laboratory to create a digital audio disc?
Answer: 1977
Question: What was the proposed diameter for the original compact disc?
Answer: 11.5 cm
Question: What year did Philips propse the idea of a digital audio format?
Answer: 1974
Question: Who was the director of the Philips audio division in 1974?
Answer: L. Ottens
Question: What Philips engineer recommended a digital format?
Question: What was the 20cm diameter based on?
Question: What year was the digital audio disc released?
Question: How many engineer recommended the 11.5 cm diameter?
Question: Who was the director of Philips by 1977?
Question: Who was the general manger of Sony's audio department in 1971?
Answer: Heitaro Nakajima
Question: What year did Sony first exhibit the use of an optical digital audio disc?
Answer: 1976
Question: Where was the Philips Introduce Compact disc conference held?
Answer: Eindhoven, Netherlands
Question: What did Nakajima's team use to create a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder?
Answer: Betamax video recorder
Question: When did Sony release it's AES technical paper?
Answer: 1 March 1979
Question: What Japanese city is NHK located in?
Question: Who was Sony's general manager in 1970?
Question: When was the Betamax video recorder created?
Question: How many minutes could Sony's 1976 optical digital disk play?
Question: What was the sampling rate of Philips' 1979 optical digital dic?
Question: In what year did Sony and Philips band together to design a new digital audio disc?
Answer: 1979
Question: What year was the Red Book CD-DA standard released?
Answer: 1980
Question: When did the IEC isntigate the Red Book CD-DA as an international standard?
Answer: 1987
Question: Who headed the 1979 Sony and Philips digital audio disc task force?
Answer: Kees Schouhamer Immink and Toshitada Doi
Question: Which company did Kees Schouhamer Immink work for?
Question: What did the team create five years after joining?
Question: What does IEC stand for?
Question: Who wrote the amendments in 1996?