huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: Whitehead believed that reality should be regarded as what?
Answer: experiential
Question: Whitehead's system as "philosophy of organism" became widely known as what term?
Answer: process philosophy
Question: What Cartesian concept did Whitehead believe to be erroneous?
Answer: reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another
Question: What theory did Whitehead prefer to the Cartesian concept?
Answer: event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and dependent on one another
Question: How did whitehead define "experience"?
Answer: He used the term "experience" very broadly, so that even inanimate processes such as electron collisions are said to manifest some degree of experience
Question: How did Descartes' distinguish types of existence?
Answer: two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental
Question: How did Whitehead identify his system of metaphysics?
Answer: "philosophy of organism"
Question: What Cartesian concept did Whitehead believe to be correct?
Question:  What theory did Whitehead not prefer to the Cartesian concept?
Question:  How did whitehead define "inexperience"?
Question:  How did Whitehead identify his system of math?
Question: In all of the western canon, what is Whitehead's work considered?
Answer: the most difficult to understand
Question: Who also struggled to follow Whitehead's writings?
Answer: professional philosophers
Question: When did Whitehead delivery the Gifford lectures?
Answer: 1927–28
Question: Following Arthur Eddington's lectures, what did Whitehead  publish?
Answer: Process and Reality
Question: What is the general opinion of the difficulty level of Whitehead's work in philosophy?
Answer: generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon
Question: What lectures did Whitehead present in 1927-28?
Answer: Gifford lectures
Question: Under what name were those lectures later published?
Answer: Process and Reality
Question: What is the general opinion of the difficulty level of Whitehead's work in math?
Question:  What lectures did Whitehead not present in 1927-28?
Question:  Under what name were those lectures first published?
Question: In all of the western canon, what is Whitehead's work never considered?
Question: Who was frustrated in Whitehead's books but still interested?
Answer: Mathews
Question: What school recognized the importance of Whitehead's work?
Answer: Chicago's Divinity School
Question: Who was invited to the Chicago Divinity school as one of Whitehead's only experts?
Answer: Henry Nelson Wieman
Question: When was Henry Nelson Wieman invited to the Chicago Divinity school?
Answer: 1927
Question: What happened after Henry Nelson Wieman gave a lecture about Whitehead?
Answer: hired
Question: What affect did Matthews' opinion of the difficulty of Whitehead's works have on his interest in them?
Answer: Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest
Question: How did many philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School view Whitehead's work?
Answer: perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications
Question: What expert on Whitehead delivered a lecture at the school to explain Whitehead's ideas?
Answer: Henry Nelson Wieman
Question: What was the result of that lecture?
Answer: Wieman's lecture was so brilliant that he was promptly hired to the faculty and taught there for twenty years
Question: What affect did Matthews' opinion of the ease of Whitehead's works have on his interest in them?
Question: How did many philosophers and theologians at Illinois Divinity School view Whitehead's work?
Question: What expert on Whitehead delivered a lecture at the school to reject Whitehead's ideas?
Question:  Who was amused in Whitehead's books but still interested?
Question: Which publication is considered the most impressive metaphysical text?
Answer: Process and Reality
Question: Who thought Process and Reality was little-read because the reader has to separate them from normal thought?
Answer: Isabelle Stengers
Question: What philosophy in the west was challenged by Whitehead?
Answer: how the universe works
Question: What was Whitehead's philosophy able to anticipate for the 21st century?
Answer: scientific and philosophical problems
Question: What was the outcome of anticipating the scientific and philosophical problems Whitehead proposed?
Answer: novel solutions
Question: How has "Process and Reality" been described? 
Answer: "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century,"
Question: What did Isabelle Stengers say is the reason that "Process and Reality" is not commonly read and understood?
Answer: it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus."
Question: What effect did Whitehead have on the future of metaphysics?
Answer: he managed to anticipate a number of 21st century scientific and philosophical problems and provide novel solutions.
Question: How has "Process and Reality" been rejected?
Question: What did Isabelle Stengers say is the reason that "Process and Reality" is commonly read and understood?
Question:  What effect did Whitehead have on the past of metaphysics?
Question: Which publication is considered the least impressive metaphysical text?
Question: Concepts such as quality, matter, and form fail to account for what?
Answer: change
Question: What concepts overlook the experiential nature of basic elements?
Answer: quality", "matter", and "form"
Question: What are the concepts quality, matter, and form considered?
Answer: "classical" concepts
Question: Instead of being a single person, what does Whitehead view a person as?
Answer: continuum of overlapping events
Question: What does Whitehead call experiences that are progressively connected?
Answer: society
Question: What basic concepts did Whitehead believe were questionable?
Answer: "quality", "matter", and "form"
Question: Why did he believe those concepts were inaccurate?
Answer: These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world.
Question: How did Whitehead classify what is usually seen as an individual person?
Answer: a continuum of overlapping events
Question: How did Whitehead refer to the combination of a person's separate experiences?
Answer: a "society" of events
Question: How did Whitehead define the "fallacy of misplaced concreteness"?
Answer: By assuming that enduring objects are the most real and fundamental things in the universe, materialists have mistaken the abstract for the concrete
Question:  What basic concepts did Whitehead believe were not questionable?
Question:  Why did he believe those concepts were accurate?
Question: How did Whitehead refer to the combination of a person's not separate experiences?
Question: How did Whitehead classify what is usually seen as a nonindividual person?
Question:  How did Whitehead define the "fallacy of well placed concreteness"?
Question: The idea that people are unchanging and stay the same even through changes is considered what?
Answer: defining essence
Question: In Whitehead's cosmology, what are the only things that fundamentally exist?
Answer: occasions of experience
Question: Where do occasions of experience overlap?
Answer: time and space
Question: In Whitehead's view, identities do not define people, but what?
Answer: people define identities
Question: Instead of having an enduring essence, what does Whitehead believe?
Answer: all things flow"
Question: Regarding the idea that individuals or objects don't fundamentally change, what terms can be used to describe what an object or individual actually is?
Answer: "defining essence" or a "core identity"
Question: In that line of thinking, how are changes described?
Answer: qualitative and secondary to their core identity
Question: What did Whitehead believe were essentially the only things that truly exist?
Answer: discrete "occasions of experience" that overlap one another in time and space, and jointly make up the enduring person or thing
Question: Regarding the idea that individuals or objects fundamentally change, what terms can be used to describe what an object or individual actually is?
Question:  In that line of thinking, how are changes never described?
Question: What did Whitehead believe were not essentially the only things that truly exist?
Question: The idea that people are changing and stay the same even through changes is considered what?
Question: In Whitehead's cosmology, what are the only things that fundamentally dont exist?
Question: What did Whitehead believe was a culprit in maintaining a materialistic way of thinking?
Answer: limitations of language
Question: Why couldn't each moment of each person's life be given a different proper name?
Answer: limitations of language
Question: Whitehead's main philosophy on humans changing is what?
Answer: each thing is a different thing from what it was a moment ago
Question: What did Whitehead believe was one of the biggest reasons materialistic thinking endured?
Answer: limitations of language
Question: Why did Whitehead think people continued to subscribe to materialistic thinking?
Answer: it is easy and convenient to think of people and objects as remaining fundamentally the same things
Question: What did Whitehead believe regarding factors that limit people's understanding of his concepts?
Answer: should not prevent people from realizing that "material substances" or "essences" are a convenient generalized description of a continuum
Question: What did Whitehead state about the belief that a person is exactly the same from moment to moment?
Answer: it is not philosophically or ontologically sound
Question: Why did Whitehead think people continued to subscribe to nonmaterialistic thinking?
Question: What did Whitehead believe regarding factors that don't limit people's understanding of his concepts?
Question: What did Whitehead believe was one of the biggest reasons materialistic thinking did not endure?
Question: What obscures the importance of relations according to Whitehead?
Answer: materialism
Question: What does Materialism see each object as?
Answer: distinct and discrete
Question: How is each object related to other things?
Answer: externally
Question: What is another issue that Whitehead had with materialism?
Answer: it obscures the importance of relations
Question: What is the general materialistic view of an object?
Answer: Each object is simply an inert clump of matter that is only externally related to other things
Question: How the fundamental concept of matter influence people to view objects?
Answer: The idea of matter as primary makes people think of objects as being fundamentally separate in time and space, and not necessarily related to anything
Question: What is Whitehead's belief regarding the importance of relations?
Answer: in Whitehead's view, relations take a primary role, perhaps even more important than the relata themselves
Question: What is the materialistic view of matter in relation to other objects?
Answer: It sees every object as distinct and discrete from all other objects.
Question: How the fundamental concept of matter influence people to not view objects?
Question:  What is another issue that Whitehead had without materialism?
Question:  What is the general non-materialistic view of an object?
Question:  What is Whitehead's non-belief regarding the importance of relations?
Question: What is the materialistic view of matter in relation to no ohter objects?
Question: Whitehead believes any entity is in some sense what?
Answer: nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities
Question: If an object made no difference to any other entity, what could be said about it?
Answer: not be said to really exist.
Question: If relations are not secondary to what a thing is, what is it?
Answer: they are what the thing is
Question: What makes up the sum of relations to an entity?
Answer: rld around it
Question: A real object forces the universe to do what?
Answer: in some way conform to it
Question: How does Whitehead characterize anything that exists?
Answer: in some sense nothing more and nothing less than the sum of its relations to other entities – its synthesis of and reaction to the world around it
Question: How does he describe what makes something real?
Answer: A real thing is just that which forces the rest of the universe to in some way conform to it
Question: In Whitehead's thinking, what could be said about something that has no effect on any other person or object?
Answer: if theoretically a thing made strictly no difference to any other entity (i.e. it was not related to any other entity), it could not be said to really exist
Question: What did Whitehead believe about the concept of relations in the context of defining an entity?
Answer: Relations are not secondary to what a thing is, they are what the thing is.
Question: How does Whitehead not characterize anything that exists?
Question:  How does he describe what makes something fake?
Question: In Whitehead's thinking, what could be said about something that has a lot of effect on any other person or object?
Question: What did Whitehead believe about the concept of relations in the context of not defining an entity?
Question: An entity is a sum of relations, a valuation of them and what else?
Answer: reaction to them.
Question: Most entities do not have what?
Answer: consciousness
Question: All entities, being unable to predict behavior, are because of what?
Answer: the fundamental creativity/freedom of all entities
Question: Not being able to predict what any entity is going to do is what principle b Whitehead?
Answer: creativity is the absolute principle of existence
Question: Other than the combination of its relations, what else defines an entity?
Answer: an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them
Question: What did Whitehead believe regarding creativity?
Answer: creativity is the absolute principle of existence
Question: What did Whitehead believe about an entity's relation to other entities?
Answer: has some degree of novelty in how it responds to other entities, and is not fully determined by causal or mechanistic laws
Question: Other than the combination of its relations, what else does not define an entity?
Question: What did Whitehead believe regarding non-creativity?
Question:  An entity is not a sum of relations, a valuation of them and what else?
Question: What term did Whitehead describe that perception is not limited to the living?
Answer: prehension
Question: What language does the term "prehensio" come from?
Answer: Latin
Question: What does the word "Prehensio" translate into?
Answer: to seize
Question: What entities does the term prehension apply to?
Answer: conscious or unconscious
Question: How many modes does perception occur in according to Whitehead?
Answer: two
Question: What is the origin of the word "prehension"?
Answer: comes from the Latin prehensio, meaning "to seize."
Question: What is prehension used to define?
Answer: a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious, applying to people as well as electrons
Question: What is a basic description of the theory of representative perception?
Answer: the mind only has private ideas about other entities
Question: What does the term "prehension" signify regarding an entities perceptions and relations?
Answer: entities are constituted by their perceptions and relations, rather than being independent of them
Question: What did Whitehead state are the two types of perception?
Answer: causal efficacy (or "physical prehension") and presentational immediacy (or "conceptual prehension")
Question: What does the term "prehension" signify regarding an entities nonperceptions and nonrelations?
Question: What is a basic description of the theory of non-representative perception?
Question:  What is not the origin of the word "prehension"?
Question: What is prehension used to not define?
Question: What is the term for the experience dominating primitive organisms that have a sense for fate?
Answer: causal efficacy
Question: What is the other term for "pure sense perception"?
Answer: Presentational immediacy
Question: What is it called if you mistake a reflection in a mirror for the real thing?
Answer: Presentational immediacy
Question: How does Whitehead define causal efficacy?
Answer: "the experience dominating the primitive living organisms, which have a sense for the fate from which they have emerged, and the fate towards which they go."
Question: How do the senses affect causal efficacy?
Answer: unmediated by the senses
Question: How does Whitehead define presentational immediacy?
Answer: "pure sense perception", unmediated by any causal or symbolic interpretation, even unconscious interpretation
Question: What can be said about the accuracy of presentational immediacy?
Answer: it is pure appearance, which may or may not be delusive
Question: What can be said about the inaccuracy of presentational immediacy?
Question:  How does Whitehead define noncausal efficacy?
Question:  How do the senses affect non-causal efficacy?
Question:  How does Whitehead define unpresentational immediacy?
Question: What is Whitehead's term for the two modes of perceptions combining?
Answer: symbolic reference
Question: What does symbolic reference link appearance with?
Answer: causation
Question: What dominates more basic mentality in symbolic reference?
Answer: causal relationships
Question: What does having sense perceptions conclude about a person?
Answer: higher grade mentality
Question: What is the purpose of symbolic reference?
Answer: links appearance with causation in a process that is so automatic that both people and animals have difficulty refraining from it
Question: How does Whitehead describe the process of a typical person noticing a chair?
Answer: An ordinary person looks up, sees a colored shape, and immediately infers that it is a chair
Question: How might an artist view a chair differently than a typical person?
Answer: "might have stopped at the mere contemplation of a beautiful color and a beautiful shape."
Question: How does Whitehead say a dog may interpret the presence of a chair?
Answer: "would have acted immediately on the hypothesis of a chair and would have jumped onto it by way of using it as such."
Question: Which concept does Whitehead state is more dominant in a lower mentality?
Answer: causal relationships
Question: How does Whitehead describe the process of an atypical person noticing a chair?
Question:  How might an artist view a chair the same as a typical person?
Question:  How does Whitehead say a dog may not interpret the presence of a chair?
Question: Which concept does Whitehead state is less dominant in a lower mentality?
Question: Whitehead observes that life is deficient in what?
Answer: survival value
Question: What are higher life forms actively engaged in?
Answer: modifying their environment
Question: How many goals of living is there?
Answer: three
Question: Whitehead sees life as directed towards what purpose?
Answer: increasing its own satisfaction
Question: Without Whitehead's proposed purpose, life would be what?
Answer: unintelligible
Question: What observation did Whitehead make about life?
Answer: "life is comparatively deficient in survival value."
Question: What was Whitehead's response to questions about why complex life evolved?
Answer: "they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them."
Question: What did Whitehead state was the biggest indicator of a higher form of life?
Answer: they are actively engaged in modifying their environment
Question: What did Whitehead believe are the goals f life?
Answer: living, living well, and living better
Question: What did Whitehead believe was the fundamental purpose of life?
Answer: increasing its own satisfaction
Question: What did Whitehead believe are not the goals of life?
Question:  Whitehead observes that life is never deficient in what?
Question:  What are higher life forms never actively engaged in?
Question:  Whitehead sees life as directed away from what purpose?
Question: What is Whitehead's most well-known critical statement regarding the Christian notion of God?
Answer: "the Church gave unto God the attributes which belonged exclusively to Caesar."
Question: What qualities dis Whitehead state that Christians attributed to their version of God?
Answer: primarily a divine king who imposes his will on the world, and whose most important attribute is power
Question: What was Whitehead's description of God?
Answer: "the brief Galilean vision of humility"
Question: What was Whitehead's description of The Devil?
Question: What is Whitehead's least well-known critical statement regarding the Christian notion of God?
Question:  What qualities dis Whitehead not state that Christians attributed to their version of God?
Question: What was Whitehead's belief about God in relation to religion?
Answer: God is not necessarily tied to religion
Question: Why did Whitehead view the existence of God as a necessity for his metaphysical system?
Answer: His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and provided an aim to all entities.
Question: In what did Whitehead believe that those concepts existed?
Answer: primordial nature of God
Question: What did Whitehead view as the second nature of God?
Answer: the consequent nature
Question: What type of God did Whitehead believe existed?
Answer: dipolar
Question: What was Whitehead's belief about God in relation to nonreligion?
Question:  What did Whitehead view as the first nature of God?
Question:  What type of God did Whitehead believe never existed?
Question: Why did Whitehead view the existence of God as a necessity for his mathematical system?
Question: How does Whitehead define he consequent nature of God?
Answer: God's reception of the world's activity
Question: How does Whitehead describe the judgment of God?
Answer: It is the judgment of a tenderness which loses nothing that can be saved.
Question: What does Whitehead say that God does with all experiences?
Answer: God saves and cherishes all experiences forever
Question: What effect does Whitehead claim that experiences have on God?
Answer: those experiences go on to change the way God interacts with the world
Question: What conclusion does Whitehead draw about God's treatment of humans' experiences?
Answer: God is really changed by what happens in the world and the wider universe, lending the actions of finite creatures an eternal significance.
Question: How does Whitehead define inconsequent nature of God?
Question:  How does Whitehead not describe the judgment of God?
Question:  What does Whitehead say that God does with no experiences?
Question: What conclusion does Whitehead draw about God's treatment of humans' inexperiences?
Question: How does Whitehead view the relationship between God an the world?
Answer: Whitehead thus sees God and the world as fulfilling one another
Question: How does he define entities' need for God?
Answer: He sees entities in the world as fluent and changing things that yearn for a permanence which only God can provide
Question: How dis Whitehead believe God provided permanence to entities?
Answer: by taking them into God's self, thereafter changing God and affecting the rest of the universe throughout time
Question: In what way did Whitehead view God as deficient?
Answer: deficient in actuality and change
Question: What did Whitehead claim God would be without the world?
Answer: merely eternally unrealized possibilities
Question: How does he define entities' lack of God?
Question: How dis Whitehead believe God provided impermanence to entities?
Question:  What did Whitehead claim God would be with the world?
Question: What is Whitehead's most famous statement on religion?
Answer: "religion is what the individual does with his own solitariness ... and if you are never solitary, you are never religious."
Question: How did Whitehead define religion?
Answer: a system of general truths that transformed a person's character
Question: How did Whitehead define "dangerous delusion" as it relates to religion?
Answer: while religion is often a good influence, it is not necessarily good
Question:  What did Whitehead believe was the basis of nonreligion?
Question:  What is Whitehead's most famous statement on nonreligion?
Question:  How did Whitehead define nonreligion?
Question: How did Whitehead define "dangerous delusion" as it doesn't relate to religion?
Question: What realization did Whitehead believe religion made necessary?
Answer: "the value of the objective world which is a community derivative from the interrelations of its component individuals."
Question: What did Whitehead believe was necessary for an entity to have meaning and value?
Answer: meaning and value do not exist for the individual alone, but only in the context of the universal community
Question: How does Whitehead describe religion as world-loyalty?
Answer: The spirit at once surrenders itself to this universal claim and appropriates it for itself
Question: What did Whitehead believe was the relationship between the individual and social aspects of religion?
Answer: the individual and universal/social aspects of religion are mutually dependent
Question: How does Whitehead describe religion as non-world-loyalty?
Question:  In what state did Whitehead believe religion not begin?
Question: What did Whitehead believe was not necessary for an entity to have meaning and value?
Question:  What did Whitehead believe was the relationship between the individual and nonsocial aspects of religion?
Question: What was Whitehead's technical definition of religion?
Answer: "an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone."
Question: What did Whitehead believe religion did with strong emotions?
Answer: religion takes deeply felt emotions and contextualizes them within a system of general truths about the world
Question: What purpose did Whitehead believe religion served?
Answer: a kind of bridge between philosophy and the emotions and purposes of a particular society
Question: What did Whitehead believe was the job of religion regarding philosophy?
Answer: It is the task of religion to make philosophy applicable to the everyday lives of ordinary people.
Question: What was Whitehead's technical definition of nonreligion?
Question:  What did Whitehead believe religion did with weak emotions?
Question:  What purpose did Whitehead believe religion never served?
Question: What did Whitehead believe was the job of religion not regarding philosophy?
Question: According to Isabelle Stengers, what are unifying factors in diverse practices (like ecology and feminism) that have become interested in Whitehead's work?
Answer: practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education
Question: In what areas of the world has interest in Whitehead's work spread in recent decades?
Answer: Europe and China
Question: What other fields have shown more recent interest in Whitehead's work?
Answer: ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology
Question: Who was one of the first theologians to try to interact with Whitehead's ideas?
Answer: William Temple
Question: What was the basis for "Nature, Man and God"?
Answer: Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934
Question: According to Isabelle Stengers, what are non unifying factors in diverse practices (like ecology and feminism) that have become interested in Whitehead's work?
Question: In what areas of the world has interest in Whitehead's work spread in past decades?
Question: What other fields have shown less recent interest in Whitehead's work?
Question: Who was one of the last theologians to try to interact with Whitehead's ideas?
Question: Where were the first followers mainly found?
Answer: at the University of Chicago's Divinity School
Question: Who began the interest in Whitehead at Chicago's Divinity School?
Answer: Henry Nelson Wieman
Question: What professors established the importance of Whitehead's work?
Answer: Wieman, Charles Hartshorne, Bernard Loomer, Bernard Meland, and Daniel Day Williams
Question: Who id the most well-known Whitehead scholar?
Answer: John B. Cobb
Question: Where were the last followers mainly found?
Question: Who lost the interest in Whitehead at Chicago's Divinity School?
Question:  What professors established the unimportance of Whitehead's work?
Question:  Who is the least well-known Whitehead scholar?
Question: What challenges are China using Whitehead's ideas to help manage?
Answer: modernization and industrialization
Question: What types of traditions are China blending with Whitehead's "constructive post-modern" philosophy?
Answer: traditions of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism
Question: What philosphers' writings are becoming required reading for graduate students in China?
Answer: John Cobb and David Ray Griffin
Question: Why does John Cobb believe China has become interested in process philosophy?
Answer: interdependence of humanity and nature, as well as his emphasis on an educational system that includes the teaching of values rather than simply bare facts
Question: Where is interest in Whitehead's work growing the slowest today?
Question: What challenges are Japan using Whitehead's ideas to help manage?
Question: What types of traditions are China blending with Whitehead's "constructive pre-modern" philosophy?
Question: What philosphers' writings are becoming not required reading for graduate students in China?
Question: Where are Whitehead's works primarily studied in English-speaking countries?
Answer: Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs
Question: Where has interest outside of those areas mainly come from?
Answer: through the work of his students and admirers rather
Question: Who are two of Whitehead's students that have gone on to become renowned in the field of analytic philosophy?
Answer: Bertrand Russell, and he also taught and supervised the dissertation of Willard Van Orman Quine
Question: What did Gilles Deleuze say about Whitehead?
Answer: "he stands provisionally as the last great Anglo-American philosopher before Wittgenstein's disciples spread their misty confusion, sufficiency, and terror."
Question: What French sociologist and anthropologist stated that Whitehead was "the greatest philosopher of the 20th century"?
Answer: Bruno Latour
Question: Where are Whitehead's works was not primarily studied in English-speaking countries?
Question:  Where has no interest outside of those areas mainly come from?
Question:  Who are two of Whitehead's students that have not gone on to become renowned in the field of analytic philosophy?
Question:  What did Gilles Deleuze hate about Whitehead?
Question: What is the general opinion of Whitehead in most philosophical schools?
Answer: Whitehead has not been recognized as particularly influential within the most dominant philosophical schools
Question: what is an example of Whitehead's ideas being counter-intuitive?
Answer: his assertion that matter is an abstraction
Question: What is a common opinion of metaphysics?
Answer: perception of metaphysics itself as passé
Question: Why do some people believe Whitehead's writings may have restricted his influence?
Answer: the sheer difficulty and density of his prose
Question: What is the general opinion of Whitehead in less philosophical schools?
Question:  what is an example of Whitehead's ideas not being counter-intuitive?
Question:  What is an uncommon opinion of metaphysics?
Question: Why do some people believe Whitehead's writings may have not restricted his influence?
Question: In what field of study has Whitehead's work been most influential in the United States?
Answer: American progressive theology
Question: Who was the most important early supporter of Whitehead's work in the context of theology?
Answer: Charles Hartshorne
Question: What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is attributed to Charles Hartshorne?
Answer: developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology
Question: Who are some other distinguished process theologians?
Answer: John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller
Question: In what field of study has Whitehead's work been less influential in the United States?
Question: Who was the least important early supporter of Whitehead's work in the context of theology?
Question: What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is not attributed to Charles Hartshorne?
Question: What aspect of God is usually emphasized in process theology?
Answer: God's relational nature
Question: How is God usually perceived by process theologians?
Answer: "the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events
Question: Why did Hartshorne feel that God must be affected by people?
Answer: people would not praise a human ruler who was unaffected by either the joys or sorrows of his followers – so why would this be a praise-worthy quality in God?
Question: Why would God being substantially affected by the world be beneficial?
Answer: as the being who is most affected by the world, God is the being who can most appropriately respond to the world
Question: What type of process theology does C. Robert Mesle promote?
Answer: "process naturalism", i.e. a process theology without God.
Question:  What aspect of God is not emphasized in process theology?
Question:  How is God usually never perceived by process theologians?
Question:  Why did Hartshorne feel that God must not be affected by people?
Question: Why is there difficulty in defining process theology ?
Answer: process theologians are so diverse and transdisciplinary in their views and interests
Question: What subjects has John B. Cobb, Jr. written books on other than process theology?
Answer: biology and economics
Question: What theories do Roland Faber and Catherine Keller combine with Whitehead's ideas?
Answer: poststructuralist, postcolonialist, and feminist theory
Question: What was Charles Birch's profession besides theologian?
Answer: geneticist
Question: Who authored "Syntheism - Creating God in the Internet Age"?
Answer: Alexander Bard and Jan Söderqvist
Question:  Why is there no difficulty in defining process theology?
Question: What subjects has John B. Cobb, Jr. burned books on other than process theology?
Question: What theories do Roland Faber and Catherine Keller not combine with Whitehead's ideas?
Question:  What wasnt Charles Birch's profession besides theologian?
Question: What pragmatists did Whitehead acknowledge in the preface to "Process and Reality"?
Answer: William James and John Dewey
Question: What founder of pragmatism's collected papers did Charles Hartshorne ans Paul Weiss edit?
Answer: Charles Sanders Peirce
Question: What important neopragmatist was Harthorne's student?
Answer: Richard Rorty
Question: Who is a philosopher that promotes process philosophy and pragmatism currently?
Answer: Nicholas Rescher
Question:  What pragmatists did Whitehead not acknowledge in the preface to "Process and Reality"?
Question: What founder of pragmatism's collected papers did Charles Hartshorne and Paul Weiss not edit?
Question:  What unimportant neopragmatist was Harthorne's student?
Question:  Who is a philosopher that doesn't promote process philosophy and pragmatism currently?
Question: How was Whitehead's theory of gravitation received?
Answer: It has been severely criticized
Question: What affect  did the discovery of gravitational waves have on Whitehead's theory?
Answer: Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves
Question: What are gravitational waves?
Answer: phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes
Question: How must Whiteheads cosmology now be considered?
Answer: Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation
Question: What physicists in the field of quantum theory have been influenced by Whitehead?
Answer: Henry Stapp and David Bohm
Question: How was Whitehead's theory of non-gravitation received?
Question: What affect did the discovery of gravitational waves not have on Whitehead's theory?
Question:  What are non-gravitational waves?
Question: What was the first book on environmental ethics by an individual author?
Answer: Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology
Question: On which economics book did Cobb collaborate with Herman Daly?
Answer: For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future
Question: What award did Cobb and Daly receive for the book?
Answer: Grawemeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order
Question: What other economics book did Cobb go on to author?
Answer: Sustaining the Common Good: A Christian Perspective on the Global Economy
Question: What was the goal of Cobb's second book on economics?
Answer: to challenge "economists' zealous faith in the great god of growth."
Question: What was the last book on environmental ethics by an individual author?
Question: On which economics book did Cobb kick out Herman Daly?
Question:  What award did Cobb and Daly lose for the book?
Question:  What other science book did Cobb go on to author?
Question: Who established the FEELS model in China?
Answer: Xie Bangxiu
Question: What does "FEELS" stand for?
Answer: Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher
Question: What is the purpose of the FEELS model?
Answer: It is used for understanding and evaluating educational curriculum under the assumption that the purpose of education is to "help a person become whole."
Question: What entities are working together to promote the FEELS model?
Answer: Chinese government organizations and the Institute for the Postmodern Development of China
Question: Who established the HEELS model in China?
Question:  What does "HEELS" stand for?
Question:  What entities are working together to promote the HEELS model?
Question: What business fields has Whitehead influenced?
Answer: philosophy of business administration and organizational theory
Question: What prominent business professor has been heavily influenced by Whitehead?
Answer: Mark Dibben
Question: What does Dibben call his philosophy on management and business administration?
Answer: "applied process thought"
Question: According to Dibben, what are the benefits of applying process metaphysics to examining management and business administration as a component of social science?
Answer: this allows "a comprehensive exploration of life as perpetually active experiencing, as opposed to occasional – and thoroughly passive – happening."
Question: In what fields has Dibben published two books and other papers?
Answer: philosophy of management and business ethics
Question: What business fields has Whitehead not influenced?
Question: What prominent business professor has not been heavily influenced by Whitehead?
Question: What does Dibben call his philosophy on science and math administration?
Question: What is Mary Parker Follett known for?
Answer: pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behavior
Question: What do Margaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton view as commonalities between Whitehead and Follett?
Answer: ontology that "understands becoming as a relational process; difference as being related, yet unique; and the purpose of becoming as harmonizing difference."
Question: What book did Stout and Jeanine M. Love author that further examines the on between Whitehead and Follett?
Answer: Integrative Process: Follettian Thinking from Ontology to Administration
Question: What is Mary Parker Follett not known for?
Question:  What do Margaret Stout and Carrie M. Staton view as differences between Whitehead and Follett?
Question: What book did Stout and Jeanine M. Love author that does not examine between Whitehead and Follett?
Question: What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics?
Answer: tuberculosis
Question: What is one issue that can arise from overuse of antibiotics?
Answer: overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance
Question: In which century were antibiotics first introduced?
Answer: 20th century
Question: What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?'
Answer: World Health Organization
Question: What can be affected by issues resulting from overuse of antibiotics?
Answer: anyone, of any age, in any country
Question: In what century did antibiotics revolutionized medicine?
Answer: 20th
Question: What other medicine worked along antibiotics to eradicate diseases like tuberculosis?
Answer: vaccination
Question: What does there medicines do for livestock?
Answer: develop resistance
Question: What organization classifies this as a current serious threat in the whole world??
Answer: World Health Organization
Question: Besides antimicrobial, what did the overused medicine cause? 
Answer: antibiotic resistance
Question: When did antibiotics revolutinzed medicine?
Answer: 20th century
Question: What happened when antibiotics was over used in livestock?
Answer: develop resistance
Question: What organization stated that the world has this serious problem?
Answer: World Health Organization
Question: What regions in the world does this apply in?
Answer: every region of the world
Question: When were antibiotics created?
Answer: 20th century
Question: What disease did antibiotics help eliminate?
Answer: tuberculosis
Question: Who else uses antibiotics besides the medical industry?
Answer: livestock raising
Question: What is a common problem in antibiotic use?
Answer: antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance
Question: What is one disease that has been widespread thanks to vaccines and antibiotics?
Question: What is one issue that can arise from overuse of predictions?
Question: In which century was tuberculosis first introduced?
Question: What organization called bacteria a 'serious threat?'
Question: What other medicine worked along antibiotics to classify diseases like tuberculosis?
Question: What is one kind of therapy that may be used when a patience has an infection, but it has not been identified?
Answer: empirical therapy
Question: Where do doctors perform microorganism identification testing?
Answer: laboratory
Question: What kinds of antibiotics are most commonly used for empirical therapy?
Answer: broad spectrum antibiotic
Question: At what stage does a doctor begin empirical therapy?
Answer: While the microorgainsim is being identified
Question: How long does the identification process take?
Answer: several days
Question: What happens when a doctor doesn't know the microorganism yet?
Answer: broad spectrum antibiotic
Question: What happens in empirical therapy?
Answer: a patient has proven or suspected infection, but the responsible microorganism is not yet unidentified
Question: When is empirical started?
Answer: before the doctor knows the exact identification of microorgansim
Question: What is one kind of microorganism that may be used when a patient has an infection but it has not yet been identified?
Question: Where do doctors perform empirical therapy testing?
Question: What kinds of infections are most commonly used for empirical therapy?
Question: At what age does a microorganism begin empirical therapy?
Question: How long does the infection process take?
Question: What are two examples of minor side effects caused by some antibiotics?
Answer: fever and nausea
Question: What causes diarrhea?
Answer: disruption of the species composition in the intestinal flora
Question: What negative effects can antibiotics have on the vaginal area?
Answer: yeast
Question: What is one example of antibiotics that may have a possible side effect of tendon damage?
Answer: a quinolone antibiotic with a systemic corticosteroid
Question: What is one possible serious side effect of over-using antibiotics?
Answer: alter the host microbiota
Question: What are antibiotics screened for on mammals and humans?
Answer: negative effects
Question: What do antibiotics need approval for?
Answer: clinical use
Question: What besides the individual patient is targeted when antibiotics is being used?
Answer: microbial organisms
Question: Photodermatitis, nausea, allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are all what type of side effect?
Answer: Adverse effects
Question: What was altered during the hypothesis of indiscriminate use of antibiotics?
Answer: host microbiota
Question: Why are antibiotics checked before use?
Answer: negative effects on humans or other mammals
Question: Name some adverse effects?
Answer: fever and nausea to major allergic reactions, including photodermatitis and anaphylaxis
Question: Name some side-effects?
Answer: diarrhea
Question: What can happen to vaginal flora?
Answer: overgrowth of yeast
Question: What can happen when antibiotics are used with other drugs?
Answer: Additional side-effects
Question: What are two examples of anitbacterials caused by some antibiotics?
Question: What causes anaphylaxis?
Question: What is one possible side effect of antibiotics that do not have a side effect of tendon damage?
Question: What are antibiotics screened for on microbiota and chronic disease?
Question: What is one common result of using antibiotics from a young age?
Answer: increased body mass
Question: What does STAT stand for?
Answer: subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment
Question: What are some antibiotics can be used for STAT?
Answer: penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline
Question: Do antibiotics cause obesity in humans?
Answer: unclear
Question: Why do physicians use antibiotics on infants when the relationship has been proven? 
Answer: weighed against the beneficial effects
Question: What can happen if people are exposed to antibiotics at a young age?
Answer: increased body mass
Question: When do intestinal microbiota develop?
Answer: Early life
Question: Do antibiotics increase the chance of getting fat for humans?
Answer: unclear
Question: What is one common result of using genes from a young age?
Question: What are some microbiota that can be used for STAT?
Question: Do antibiotics cause fasting in humans?
Question: Why do physicians use antibiotics on mice when the relationship has been proven?
Question: When do models develop?
Question: Do antibiotics interact with birth control pills?
Answer: The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills
Question: What percentage of birth control pill failure is attributed to antibiotics?
Answer: about 1%
Question: What are the potential effects on intestinal flora?
Answer: reduced absorption of estrogens in the colon
Question: Have these potential effects been proven through testing?
Answer: inconclusive and controversial
Question: What do physicians recommend to counteract this potential issue?
Answer: extra contraceptive measures
Question: What do antibiotics interfere with?
Answer: contraceptive pills
Question: What percent is the  failure rate of contraceptive pills?
Answer: about 1%
Question: Whhat does intestinal flora reduce?
Answer: absorption of estrogens
Question: In therapy, what does the antibacterial interact with?
Answer: oral contraceptives
Question: Do antibiotics mess with birth control pills?
Answer: antibiotics do interfere
Question: What is birth control failure rate due to antibiotics?
Answer: about 1%
Question: What should women do if they are using antibiotics and birth control pills?
Answer: extra contraceptive measures
Question: Do antibiotics interact with intestinal flora?
Question: What percentage of birth control pill failure is attributed to estrogens?
Question: What are the potential effects on antibacterials?
Question: What do control pills recommend to counteract this potential issue?
Question: What do oral contraceptives reduce?
Question: Do all antibiotics interact dangerously with alcohol?
Answer: moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics
Question: Is it OK to drink alcohol while taking any antibiotic?
Answer: there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects