huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What did Irokawa Daikichi act out against?
Answer: bureaucratic superstate
Question: Laws mandated that every able bodies Japanese citizen do what?
Answer: serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves.
Question: Who initially rejected the Japanese laws mandating military service?
Answer: peasant and warrior alike.
Question: What did the peasant class name the mandatory military service law?
Answer: ketsu-eki
Question: Who did the Japanese form their military  forces after?
Answer: French military
Question: Where was the military academy located?
Answer: Kyoto
Question: What is the antebellum age?
Answer: a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery
Question: When did the civil was begin?
Answer: 1861
Question: When was the Antebellum age considered to have begun?
Answer: with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854
Question: What did The Antebellum age mark?
Answer: the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution.
Question: What did northern leaders agree on about slavery?
Answer: all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated.
Question: What did Lincoln do well in the war?
Answer: mobilizing support for the war goals
Question: Why couldn't the confederacy defend their ports?
Answer: The Confederacy had a larger area than it could defend
Question: The south could barely do what for their souldiers?
Answer: feed and clothe
Question: General Robert E. Lee controlled what sect of the confederacy? 
Answer: the East
Question: What happened in the Glided Age/
Answer: extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class
Question: In what time period did the Glided Age occur?
Answer: late 19th century
Question: Where did the wealth of the Glided Age come form?
Answer: industrial and population expansion.
Question: What did Financiers refer to rich industrialist as?
Answer: robber barons
Question: What type of practices did John D. Rockefeller exhibit in the oil industry?
Answer: effective tactics and aggressive practices
Question: What became the dominant form of business organization? 
Answer: the corporation
Question: What transformed business organization in 1890?
Answer: managerial revolution
Question: The Sherman Antitrust Act is the source of what?
Answer: all American anti-monopoly laws.
Question: What was he Standard Oil Group determined to be by the courts?
Answer: an "unreasonable" monopoly
Question: What is the old Quantum  theory?
Answer: a collection of results which predate modern quantum mechanics, but were never complete or self-consistent.
Question: The "fifth element" was disproved by what?
Answer: Michelson-Morley experiment
Question: What is the Michelson-Morley experiment?
Answer: an attempt to detect the motion of earth through the aether
Question: What does Darwinism promote?
Answer: the theory of natural selection.
Question: Why did Chinese philosophy begin to mix with western concepts?
Answer: as steps toward modernization
Question: When did the Xinhai Revolution begin?
Answer: 1911
Question: What is the May Forth Movement?
Answer: to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China
Question: What did Marxist-Leninst add to Chinese philosophy? 
Answer: Marxist-Leninist thought
Question: During what event was Legalism abolished?
Answer: the Cultural Revolution
Question: When was the enlightenment of spiritual philosophy challenged?
Answer: in various quarters around the 1900s.
Question: What were Humanist ethical philosophy's developed from?
Answer: earlier secular traditions
Question: Why did Kari Marx criticize Humanist Philosophy's? 
Answer: it to be symptomatic of the very dehumanization it was supposed to oppose
Question: What did Friedrinch Netzsche consider Humanism to be?
Answer: a secular version of theism
Question: Why does Friedrinch Netzsche believe human rights exist?
Answer: as a means for the weak to collectively constrain the strong.
Question: What is Albert Einstein known for? 
Answer: his theories of special relativity and general relativity
Question: What did Einstein add to the Brownman Motion?
Answer: mathematical treatment
Question: What did Einstein discover a resolution to?
Answer: the paradox of specific heats
Question: What theory  did Einstein have reservations about?
Answer: quantum field theory
Question: What is the federation of Australia?
Answer: six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation.
Question: What was the federal Government responsible for? 
Answer: matters concerning the whole nation.
Question: When did the colonies collectively become a part of the Commonwealth  of Australia?
Answer: When the Constitution of Australia came into force
Question: What were the last days of the Qing dynasty marked by? 
Answer: civil unrest and foreign invasions.
Question: What did the Qing dynasty attempt to do n the face of civil unrest? 
Answer: attempt to reform the government in various
Question: What happened to The reformers in the Qing dynasty? 
Answer: either imprisoned or executed outright.
Question: What caused the revolution against the Qing dynasty?
Answer: failures of the Imperial Court to enact such reforming measures of political liberalization and modernization
Question: Who was Inaugurated in Nanjing as the first provisional president? 
Answer: Sun Yat-sen
Question: Who had control of the Beiyang army?
Answer: Yuan Shikai
Question: What did China agree to avoid the undermining of the Republic?
Answer: agreed to Army's demand that China be united under a Beijing government.
Question: Who was sworn in as the second provisional president of the republic of China?
Answer: Beijing, Shikai
Question: What happened to China after the 20th century revolutions?
Answer: shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government.
Question: Who ultimately gained control of the Beijing government?
Answer: various warlords
Question: Why was there not a new era of governance in Beijing? 
Answer: because other warlords did not acknowledge the transitory governments in this period and were a law unto themselves.
Question: What were the military dominated governments known as?
Answer: the Beiyang government
Question: When did the warlord era end?
Answer: around 1927
Question: When dd the Russo-Japanese war take place?
Answer: Four years into the 20th century
Question: What did the battle of Port Arthur establish?
Answer: the Empire of Japan as a world power.
Question: What were the Russians hoping to find in the pacific ocean?
Answer: warm water port
Question: Why did the Manchurian Campaign fight the Russians. 
Answer: over Manchuria and Korea.
Question: How were the Japanese victories over the Russians views around the world?
Answer: unexpected
Question: What is the Edwardian era?
Answer: the period spanning the reign of King Edward VII up to the end of the First World War,
Question: What event split the United Kingdom into two groups?
Answer: Second Boer War
Question: In what year did the Liberals win huge in the general election?
Answer: 1906
Question: What led to a reduction in the power of the peers?
Answer: Conflict between the two Houses of Parliament over the People's Budget
Question: Who held the balance of power in the 1910 election?
Answer: Labour and Irish Nationalist members.
Question: What is The Triple Entente?
Answer: the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907.
Question: When was the Anglo -Russia Entente signed?
Answer: 1907.
Question: The Triple Entente served as a counter to what agreement? 
Answer: Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy,
Question: What was the origin of the war?
Answer: the decisions taken by statesmen and generals during the July Crisis of 1914
Question: Who was murdered in Austria?
Answer: Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Question: Where was the Baghdad Railway Suppose to connect?
Answer: Ottoman Empire cities of Konya and Baghdad with a line through modern-day Turkey, Syria and Iraq
Question: What fundamental cause started the war in 1914?
Answer: tensions over territory in the Balkans.
Question: Who did Austria-Hungary war with over territory?
Answer: Serbia and Russia
Question: Where did the Balkan wars take place?
Answer: South-eastern Europe
Question: Why did Albania fall out with Thessaly, Macedonia and Epirus?
Answer: over the division of the spoils
Question: Who led the Allied powers?
Answer: British Empire, France, Russia
Question: Who defeated the Central Powers led by the German Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire??
Answer: Japan and the United States
Question: What were the Allied powers referred to before 1917?
Answer: Triple Entente
Question: How many Empires did the war cause destruction to?
Answer: four empires
Question: Where did most of the fighting in World War I take place?
Answer: along the Western Front
Question: What is the Western Front?
Answer: a system of opposing manned trenches and fortifications (separated by a "No man's land") running from the North Sea to the border of Switzerland.
Question: What prevented a trench warfare stalemate?
Answer: On the Eastern Front, the vast eastern plains and limited rail network
Question: How many soldiers died? in World War I?
Answer: More than 9 million
Question: Where did hostiles appear for the first time during the war?
Answer: from the air.
Question: In what century did the Nationalistic revolutions occur?
Answer: mid-19th century's
Question: How many years after world war I did world war II start?
Answer: 20 years later.
Question: What withdrew the political boundaries of West Asia?
Answer: partitioning of the Ottoman Empire
Question: What did the partitioning of the Otto Empire bring about? 
Answer: the modern Arab world and the Republic of Turkey.
Question: Who did The League of Nations grant  France mandates over?
Answer: Syria and Lebanon
Question: What is the Russian Revolution?
Answer: the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union.
Question: What happened when Nicholas II was removed from power?
Answer: the Russian Provisional Government was established.
Question: What happened during the red faction revolution?
Answer: armed groups of workers and deserting soldiers directed by the Bolshevik Party, seized control of Saint Petersburg
Question: When was the armistice signed between Russia and Central powers?
Answer: 1917
Question: What did Central powers concede in exchange for peace?
Answer: huge portions of the former Russian Empire to Imperial Germany and the Ottoman Empire
Question: Who did the Bolsheviks make peace with?
Answer: the German Empire
Question: What were Vladimir Lenin's decisions caused by? 
Answer: his sponsorship by the foreign office of Wilhelm II
Question: Who did the German sponsorship of Lenin's Petrograd upset?
Answer: Western Allies
Question: Where did Soviets under the rule of the  Bolshevik first assume power during the Russian Civil War?
Answer: Petrograd (St. Petersburg)
Question: In the wake of the October resolution, what happened to the Russian Imperial Army?
Answer: demobilized
Question: What was Bolshevik's main military force?
Answer: volunteer-based Red Guard
Question: How did the Red red Army overcome their foes?
Answer: by taking hostages and shooting them when necessary in order to force compliance.
Question: How were former Tsarist Officers utilized? 
Answer: as "military specialists"
Question: Who was the principal fighting between?
Answer: Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army.
Question: In what time period did the most brutal battles occur?
Answer: 1918 to 1920
Question: When did the major military operation end?
Answer: 25 October 1922
Question: What general was defeated in 1920?
Answer: General Pyotr Wrangel
Question: Where did the last Resistance from the White movement occur?
Answer: Far East
Question: What did the May Fourth movement help do?
Answer: rekindle the then-fading cause of republican revolution.
Question: Sun Yat-Sen became the leader of what military group.
Answer: a rival military government in Guangzhou
Question: What did Sun Yat-Sen hope to get from western democracies?
Answer: aid
Question: Who did Sun Yet-Sen turn in 1930 for help?
Answer: the Soviet Union
Question: How did the Soviets try to befriend  the Chinese Revolutionist?
Answer: by offering scathing attacks on Western imperialism.
Question: What is the "Roaring Twenties" ?
Answer: social and societal upheaval
Question: Where did the "Roaring Twenties" begin?
Answer: North America
Question: Where did the "Roaring Twenties"  spread to after the war?
Answer: Europe
Question: What is the "Roaring Twenties" also known as?
Answer: The Jazz Age
Question: what did the "Jazz Age" usher in? 
Answer: an exposition of social, artistic, and cultural dynamism.
Question: When did the hyperinflation of  1923 occur?
Answer: 1923
Question: Who invested in European debts?
Answer: Wall Street
Question: Europe has a large market for what?
Answer: American mass-produced goods
Question: In what year did The wall Street crash occur?
Answer: 1929
Question: What is the Great Depression?
Answer: a worldwide economic downturn
Question: When did the great Depression end?
Answer: 1930s or early 1940s
Question: The great depression is the worst economic downturn of what century?
Answer: 20th century
Question: How much did international trade fall?
Answer: by half to two-thirds,
Question: What happened to construction during the Depression?
Answer: virtually halted in many countries
Question: How far did crop prices fall?
Answer: 60 percent
Question: In some world states who did the people turn to? 
Answer: nationalist demagogues
Question: Who was the most notable Nationalist Demagogue the people turned to? 
Answer: Adolf Hitler
Question: What did the Convulsion caused by the global depression resul in?
Answer: the rise of Nazism
Question: What was the Interwar period marked by?
Answer: radical change in the international order
Question: What institution was meant to bring stability?
Answer: the League of Nations
Question: Who undermined  The League Of Nations?
Answer: bellicosity of Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, the Soviet Union, and Mussolini's Italy, and by the non-participation of the United States
Question: What effect did the  undermining of The league of Nations have on the people?
Answer: leading many to question its effectiveness and legitimacy.
Question: What is the Abyssinian crisis?
Answer: Italy invaded Abyssinia
Question: What is Abyssinia?
Answer: one of the only free African nations at that time
Question: When did the Abyssinian crisis occur?
Answer: 1935/36
Question: Who did The League try to force economic sanctions on?
Answer: Italy
Question: Who was named the head of the puppet state after the seizure of Manchuria?
Answer: ex-Qing emperor Puyi
Question: What dealt a blow to the Kuomintang economy?
Answer: loss of Manchuria, and its vast potential for industrial development and war industries,
Question: In what year did conflict between the Kuomintang and Communist intensify? 
Answer: 1940
Question: What was Kuomintang's main goal pertaining to Communist? 
Answer: neutralize the spread of Communist influence.
Question: What war saw tensions arise between between Imperial Japan and the United States?
Answer: The Second Sino-Japanese War
Question: What did the United States place on Japans war efforts?
Answer: embargoes
Question: What did the American Embargoes prevent Japan from aquiring?
Answer: strategic materials such as scrap metal and oil
Question: Who did Imperial Japan sign a Tripartite pact with? 
Answer: Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
Question: When did the attack on Pearl Harbor occur?
Answer: December 7, 1941
Question: What countries were referred to as "The Trusteeship Of The Powerful"?
Answer: The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China
Question: What did The United Nations name "The Trusteeship Of The Powerful"
Answer: "Four Policemen"
Question: Who were the victors of World War II? 
Answer: The United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and China
Question: What percent of the deaths during the war were civilians?
Answer: About 60%
Question: What countries suffered the most casualties in the war?
Answer: The former Soviet Union and China
Question: What percentage of it's population did Poland lose in the war?
Answer: 16%,
Question: How many deaths did the Soviet Union suffer in the war?
Answer: 23 million
Question: What is the Holocaust?
Answer: was the deliberate and systematic murder of millions of Jews and other "unwanted"
Question: During what word event did the Holocaust happen? 
Answer: during World War II
Question: Who is responsible for the Holocaust? 
Answer: Nazi regime in Germany.
Question: How did the Nazis conjure up anti-Semitic feelings in civilians?
Answer: propaganda
Question: When did the suffering of the Jews begin?
Answer: before the war even started
Question: What was Europe split into after World War II?
Answer: Western and Soviet spheres of influence.
Question: What does the term NATO represent?
Answer: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Question: Who battled in the cold war?
Answer: United States and the Soviet Union.
Question: What did the defeat of Japan mean for Asia?
Answer: led to its democratization.
Question: What did China name themselves after the war?
Answer: the People's Republic of China.
Question: By what percentage did the world's per-capita gross domestic product grow by during the 20th century?
Answer: a factor of five
Question: What has Modern medicine increased the average life expectancy by?
Answer: two decades
Question: What happened to the income gap between the rich and the poor?
Answer: the gulf between the world's rich and poor grew wider
Question: What did the media industry make possible in the middle of the century?
Answer: brutal dictatorships
Question: What did the brutal dictatorships caused by the media lead to?
Answer: wars
Question: What did increased communications lead contribute to?
Answer: democratization
Question: What time period did technological advances lead to?
Answer: the Information Age
Question: what did the Soviet Union annex some of it's territory as?
Answer: Soviet Socialist Republics
Question: What did the territory the Soviet Union maintained as satellite states, later became known as?
Answer: the Warsaw Pact
Question: The United States and many Western countries began what policy to fight communism?
Answer: "containment"
Question: What did the soviets opposed rebuilding?
Answer: rebuilding of western Europe
Question: What actions of the Soviet Union did The United States oppose?
Answer: the Soviet Union fostered communist revolutionary movements,
Question: What types of periods did the cold war see?
Answer: heightened tension and relative calm.
Question: Through what time period did the Berlin Blockade  last?
Answer: 1948–1949
Question: Through what time period did the Korean War last?
Answer: 1950–1953)
Question: Through what time period did the Vietnam war last?
Answer: 1959–1975
Question: When did the Cuban Missile crisis happen?
Answer: 1962
Question: During what time was the cold war close to happening?
Answer: 1980s and the early 1990s
Question: What did  the Reagan administration increase on the Soviet Union?
Answer: diplomatic, military, and economic pressure
Question: What was  the Soviet Union suffering from in the 1980's?
Answer: severe economic stagnation
Question: What did Mikhail Gorbachev introduce?
Answer: introduced the perestroika and glasnost reforms.
Question: In what year did the Soviet Union collapse?
Answer: 1991
Question: What caused Latin America's right-wing authorities to support coup o'etats?
Answer: in the 1970s, leftists acquired a significant political influence
Question: Why did the Latin Americas Upper class support coup o'etats?
Answer: to avoid what they perceived as a communist threat.
Question: The regimes in the southern cone collaborated in killing of who?
Answer: leftist dissidents
Question: What did all countries restore in the 1990's 
Answer: their democracies.
Question: Where did the United States support dictatorships in the 1970"s?
Answer: South American countries
Question: What is the space age?
Answer: a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events.
Question: Who launched  Sputnik 1?
Answer: the Soviet Union.
Question: How long does did it take for the Sputnik 1 to orbit the earth?
Answer: 98.1 minutes
Question: What did Sputnik 1 usher in?
Answer: The Space Age
Question: How many people watched the Apollo 11 landing?
Answer: 500 million
Question: What types of control are considered when labeling a country with the perjorative "51st state" label?
Answer: excessive American cultural or military influence or control
Question: Sometimes, when a country refers to themselves as the 51st state, what has happened to their culture?
Answer: their local or national culture has become too Americanized
Question: What reasoning would cause a country to be referred to as the "51st state" in a positive way?
Answer: a region or territory is so aligned, supportive, and conducive with the United States, that it is like a U.S. state
Question: What is a positive connotation of the label "51st state"?
Answer: a region or territory is so aligned, supportive, and conducive with the United States
Question: What is a reason for one negative connotation of the term?
Answer: an area or region is perceived to be under excessive American cultural or military influence or control
Question: If a country refers to themselves as the "51st state" after cultural changes, what can we assume has changed?
Answer: their local or national culture has become too Americanized
Question: What types of control are considered when labeling a country with the pejorative "American" label?
Question: Sometimes, when a city refers to themselves as the "51st state" what has happened to their culture?
Question: What reasoning would cause a country to be referred to as the "American state" in a positive way?
Question: What is a positive connotation of the label "American state"?
Question: What is a reason for one negative connotation of "American state"?
Question: What does Article IV, Section three of the US Constitution outline?
Answer: the relationship among the states
Question: Article IV, Section Three of th United States Constitution gives Congress the power to do what?
Answer: the power to admit new states to the union
Question: What does the states' requirement to give "full faith and credit" help recognize?
Answer: legal contracts, marriages, and criminal judgments
Question: What are all states guaranteed by the federal government?
Answer: military and civil defense
Question: What does Article 4, Section 4 guarantee?
Answer: guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government
Question: What part of the US Constitution outlines the relationship among the states?
Answer: Article IV, Section Three
Question: Article IV, Section Three allows Congress to do what?
Answer: admit new states to the union
Question: What does the concept of "full faith and credit" protect?
Answer: the recognition of legal contracts, marriages, and criminal judgments
Question: What is guaranteed to the states by the federal government?
Answer: military and civil defense
Question: What does article V, Section three of the US Constitution outline?
Question: What does Article V, Section Three of the United States Constitution give Congress the power to do?
Question: What does the states' requirement to give "full government guarantee" help recognize?
Question: What are all states guaranteed by the republican form?
Question: What does Article V, Section 4 guarantee?
Question: What country has been regarded as a potential new addition to the United States?
Answer: Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States
Question: What percentage of voters expressed dissatisfaction with their current political relationship?
Answer: 54%
Question: What percentage of voters supported statehood?
Answer: 61%
Question: When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that the United States act on these results?
Answer: December 11, 2012
Question: What would be an ideal reaction from the United States, according to Puerto Rico?
Answer: end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state
Question: What territory has been suggested as a new addition to the United States?
Answer: Puerto Rico
Question: What percentages of voters expressed unhappiness with the current political relationship between the U.S. and Puerto Rico?
Answer: 54%
Question: When did the legislature of Puerto Rico request that they be considered for statehood?
Answer: December 11, 2012
Question: What percentage of voters expressed dissatisfaction with their current territorial relationship?
Question: What percentage of voters supported Congress?
Question: When did Puerto Rico resolve to request that voters act on these results?
Question: What would be an ideal reaction from voters, according to Peurto Rico?
Question: What territory has been suggested as a new addition to Canada?
Question: Who represents Puerto Rico in Congress?
Answer: a Resident Commissioner
Question: Which Congress gave the commissioner the power to vote?
Answer: The 110th Congress
Question: What is the commissioner not allowed to vote on?
Answer: on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation
Question: How long has Puerto Rico had Commissioner representation?
Question: Who represents the Democratic Party in Congress?
Question: Which Congress gave the democrats the power to vote?
Question: What are democrats not allowed to vote on?
Question: Who has elections on the Electoral College?
Question: What types of taxes do Puerto Ricans pay?
Answer: U.S. federal taxes
Question: What makes up the federal taxes Puerto Rican citizens pay?
Answer: import/export taxes, federal commodity taxes, social security taxes
Question: How else can they serve the U.S.?
Answer: Puerto Ricans may enlist in the U.S. military.
Question: How many Puerto Ricans have died in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan?
Answer: 52
Question: What types of taxes does Afghanistan pay for?
Question: What makes up the federal taxes Afghanistan citizens pay?
Question: How else can Afghanistan serve the U.S.?
Question: How many Afghans have died in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan?
Question: What do most Afghanistan residents pay?
Question: In the aftermath of which war was the U.S. granted Puerto Rico?
Answer: Spanish–American War
Question: What country handed over Puerto Rico to the US?
Answer: Spain
Question: How long have Puerto Ricans been U.S. citizens?
Answer: since 1917
Question: What form of government do the Puerto Ricans have?
Answer: republican
Question: In the aftermath of which war was the U.S. granted Congress?
Question: What country handed over Congress to the US?
Question: How long has Congress been U.S. citizens?
Question: What form of government does Spain have?
Question: How long has Spain been under U.S. sovereignty?
Question: How was the Puerto Rican constitution brought about?
Answer: the U.S. Congress directed local government to organize a constitutional convention to write the Puerto Rico Constitution
Question: When was the Puerto Rican constitution written?
Answer: 1951
Question: When was the constitution accepted by the electorate, U.S. Congress, and U.S. President?
Answer: 1952
Question: What clause gives Puerto Rican citizens the same rights as US citizens?
Answer: Privileges and Immunities Clause
Question: How was the Puerto Rican Congress brought about?
Question: When was the Puerto Rican Congress established?
Question: When was the constitution accepted by the electorate, Puerto Rico Congress, and U.S. President?
Question: What clause gives Congress the same rights as Puerto Rican citizens?
Question: When were the express citizens created?
Question: What title does the country have?
Answer: Estado Libre Asociado (literally translated as "Free Associated State")
Question: What is the island under jurisdiction of?
Answer: Territorial Clause of the U.S. Constitution
Question: What act was approved on April 29th, 2010?
Answer: The Puerto Rico Democracy Act (H.R. 2499)
Question: How is Puerto Rico designated by its representatives?
Question: What title does the Federal level have?
Question: What is the determination process under jurisdiction of?
Question: What act was approved on April 29th, 2007?
Question: What do all English people become?
Question: What percentage of voters preferred statehood?
Answer: 61 percent
Question: What percentage of voters abstained from voting on a preferred alternative status?
Answer: one in four voters
Question: What argument do those opposing statehood use?
Answer: the statehood option garnered only 45 percent of the votes if abstentions are included
Question: What percentage of voters rejected the status of a statehood?
Question: What percentage of voters preferred the territorial clause?
Question: What percentage of voters abstained from voting on a majority percent status?
Question: What argument do those opposing the territorial clause use?
Question: What was the most inclusive referendum?
Question: What newspapers have published opinion pieces expressing support for Puerto Rico's statehood?
Answer: The Washington Post, The New York Times and the Boston Herald
Question: When was that article published?
Answer: November 8, 2012
Question: What Congress members agreed with the Hill's assesment?
Answer: U.S. Congressman Luis Gutiérrez U.S. Congresswoman Nydia Velázquez
Question: What newspapers have published opinion pieces expressing support for Serrano's statehood?
Question: What newspaper suggested that Congress would ignore Serrano's referendum?
Question: When was Velazquez's article published?
Question: What Congress members agreed with Serrano's assessment?
Question: Who published an article saying that Puerto Rico will likely ignore the results of the referendum?
Question: What politicians pushed for statehood for Puerto Rico?
Answer: Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño
Question: What politician fought against statehood for Puerto Rico?
Answer: Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla
Question: How did these politicians voice their concerns?
Answer: wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama
Question: What was the White House stance?
Answer: the results were clear, the people of Puerto Rico want the issue of status resolved
Question: What politicians pushed for statehood for Padilla?
Question: What politician fought against statehood for Pierluisi?
Question: How did Congress voice their concerns?
Question: What was the Congress stance?
Question: Who stated "Now it is time for Puerto Rico to act"?
Question: When was H.R. 2000 introduced?
Answer: On May 15, 2013
Question: What would H.R. 2000 do?
Answer: set forth the process for Puerto Rico to be admitted as a state of the Union
Question: What did Senator Heinrich's bill require?
Answer: a binding referendum to be held in Puerto Rico asking whether the territory wants to be admitted as a state.
Question: What would happen in the event of a yes vote in this referendum?
Answer: the president would be asked to submit legislation to Congress to admit Puerto Rico as a state
Question: When was H.R. 2014 introduced?
Question: What would H.R. 2014 do?
Question: What did Senator H.R. Heinrich's bill require?
Question: What would happen in the event of a no vote in this referendum?
Question: Who was asked to ratify the Puerto Rico Senate?
Question: Who considered the implications of the definition of the seat of government in the Constitution?
Answer: James Madison
Question: Where are these ideas located in the Federalist Papers?
Answer: Federalist No. 43
Question: What limits does the constitution have for the size of Washington, D.C.?
Answer: the Constitution does not set a minimum size for the District
Question: What caused the size of Washington, D.C. to change?
Answer: Virginia reclaimed the portion of the District south of the Potomac
Question: Who considered the implications of the definition of the seat of government south of the Potomac?
Question: Where are these ideas located south of the Potomac?
Question: What limits does the constitution have for the size of Virginia?
Question: What caused the Federalist No. 43 to change?
Question: Who can admit the District as a Federalist No. 43?
Question: What Revolutionary War motto have Washington, D.C. statehood supporters modified and used?
Answer: "No taxation without representation", omitting the initial "No"
Question: What does the phrase protest?
Answer: their lack of Congressional representation
Question: In what way has the phrase been spread wide?
Answer: the phrase is now printed on newly issued Washington, D.C. license plates
Question: When did  Obama have the protest plates put on his Presidential limousine?
Answer: at the beginning of his second term
Question: What Revolutionary War motto have Congressional supporters modified and used?
Question: What does the phrase shortened beginning mean?
Question: In what way has the phrase been protested?
Question: When did George W. Bush have the protest plates put on his Presidential limousine?
Question: Which president had the "Taxation with representation" license plate late in his term?
Question: What party carried the position of D.C. Statehood?
Answer: D.C. Statehood Party
Question: What party did the D.C. Statehood Party merge when?
Answer: the local Green Party affiliate
Question: When did the movement get closest to success?
Answer: 1978
Question: What would be the new name of the D.C. State?
Answer: New Columbia
Question: When did the drive for statehood falter?
Answer: 1985
Question: What party carried the position of Columbia statehood?
Question: What party did the Washington Party merge with?
Question: When did Columbia get closest to success?
Question: What would be the new name of the Columbia state?
Question: When did the drive for Columbian statehood falter?
Question: What is another likely country for statehood?
Answer: United States Virgin Islands
Question: What entity reported on Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands becoming one again?
Answer: Radio Australia
Question: What is another likely country for free association?
Question: What entity reported on Guam and the Virgin Islands becoming one again?
Question: What would have a slightly larger population than Wyoming?
Question: When did Radio Australia report on Guam and the Virgin Islands becoming one again?
Question: What country had small grassroots movement for US Statehood?
Answer: The Philippines
Question: What party used to be known as the Federalista Party?
Answer: Federalista Party
Question: What was the most recent year of the Phillipines pushing for statehood?
Answer: 2004
Question: What country had small grassroots movement for Commonwealth statehoods
Question: What party used to be known  as the Armed Forces Party?
Question: What was the most recent year of the Commonwealth pushing for statehood?
Question: What has been part of a political platform in the Fillipinos Party?
Question: What does supporters of the movement to make the Commonwealth a state include?
Question: What is another connotation for the 51st state label?
Answer: if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States
Question: When was the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement enacted?
Answer: 1988
Question: When was the Charlottetown Accord signed?
Answer: 1992
Question: When did the Clarity Act go into effect?
Answer: 1999
Question: What is another connotation for the 1999 label?
Question: When was the Canada-Quebec Free Trade Agreement enacted?
Question: When was the Canada-US Accord signed?
Question: When did the Charlottetown Act go into effect?
Question: What was a consequence of adopting proposals intended to resolve the issue of Quebec sovereignty?
Question: Who suggested that the Free Trade Agreement amounted to an American takeover of Canada?
Answer: Liberals
Question: When was this campaign ran?
Answer: In the 1988 federal election
Question: Who erased the border in the ad?
Answer: Progressive Conservative (PC) strategists
Question: What was the slogan of this ad?
Answer: "Here's where we draw the line."
Question: Who suggested that the Progressive Conservative amounted to an American takeover of Canada?
Question: When was the campaign to run ads of a map of Progressive Conservatives run?
Question: Who erased the border in political parties?
Question: What was the slogan of this takeover?
Question: Who asserted that the proposed Canada-US border amounted to an American permanent marker?
Question: When did Ontario land in British hands?
Answer: 1763
Question: During which the US invade Canada?
Answer: the War of 1812
Question: What did several US politicians suggest doing in the 19th century?
Answer: annexing Canada
Question: When did the United States land in British hands?
Question: When New York land in British hands?
Question: During which did the British invade Canada?
Question: What did several British politicians suggest doing in the 19th century?
Question: Who recruited two British regiments?
Question: When were the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland?
Answer: In the late 1940s
Question: What was the result of the 1948 referendum?
Answer: The movement ultimately failed
Question: What did the Economic Union Party support?
Answer: an independent "responsible government"
Question: When were the last days of the U.S.-British alliance?
Question: What was the result of the 1940 referendum?
Question: What did the U.S.-British alliance support?
Question: What was a dominion-dependency in the U.S.?
Question: What was there majority support for?
Question: What does Canada being referred to as the 51st state in a positive way mean in the US, generally?
Answer: can serve to highlight the similarities and close relationship between the United States and Canada
Question: What is a negative connotation of the term?
Answer: to deride Canada as an unimportant neighbor
Question: How man votes did Parti 51 attract in 1989?
Answer: just 3,846 votes
Question: What did the other parties receive that year?
Answer: 40.16% (PQ) and 1.22% (NPDQ)
Question: What does Quebec being referred to as the 51st state in a joking way mean in the US, generally/
Question: What is a negative connotation of Andre Perron?
Question: How many votes did the United States attract in 1989?
Question: What did the other parties receive in 1988?
Question: When did the political party Parti 51 run 51 candidates on a platform of Quebec seceding from Canada to join the United States?
Question: When did Panama have the US-ruled Canal Zone Territory?
Answer: from 1903 to 1979
Question: When did the British Honduras become Belize?
Answer: since 1981
Question: When did El Salvador adopt the US Dollar as its currency?
Answer: 2001
Question: When did the British have the US-ruled Canal Zone Territory?
Question: When did the United States Honduras become Belize?
Question: When did Panama adopt the US Dollar as its currency?
Question: When were proposals made to annex some or all of Panama with Britain?
Question: Who has used British currency for decades?
Question: What battleship sunk in the Havana Harbor?
Answer: Maine
Question: When did Fidel Castro overthrow the Cuban government?
Answer: 1959
Question: What government did Castro install?
Answer: Marxist–Leninist government
Question: What country was Maine a territory of?
Question: What battleship sunk in the Spain Harbor?
Question: When did Fulgencio Batista overthrow the Cuban government?
Question: What government did Batista install?
Question: Who wanted to break from the U.S.?
Question: Why is Israel referred to as the 51st state?
Answer: the annual funding and defense support it receives from the United States
Question: What book did Martine Rothblatt publish?
Answer: Two Stars for Peace
Question: When was Two Stars for Peace published?
Answer: 2003
Question: Who wrote the book The American State of Canaan?
Answer: Alfred de Grazia
Question: Why is Israel referred to as Canaan?
Question: What book did Alfred de Grazia publish?
Question: When was Alfred de Grazia supported by the United States?
Question: Who wrote the book Martine Rothblatt?
Question: What argued for the addition United States books?
Question: When did Artcle 3 of the Treaty of San Francisco come into effect?
Answer: April 1952
Question: How many people lived on the island of Okinawa?
Answer: over 1 million
Question: When was Okinawa finally returned?
Answer: May 15, 1972
Question: Why did the US have troops on Okinawa?
Answer: as a defense for Japan.
Question: When did Article 2 of the Treaty of San Francisco come into effect?
Question: How many people lived on the island of Bonin?
Question: When was San Francisco finally returned?
Question: Why did the Japanese have troops on Okinawa?
Question: Who put the outlying islands of the Ryukyus into Bonin trusteeship?
Question: When did the 51st State Party attempt to register in New Zealand?
Answer: 2010
Question: What does the 51st State Party advocate?
Answer: The party advocates New Zealand becoming the 51st state of the United States of America
Question: Who is the secretary of the 51st State Party?
Answer: Paulus Telfer
Question: Can people in New Zealand vote for the 51st State Party?
Answer: the party remains unregistered and cannot appear on a ballot.
Question: When did the 51st State Party attempt to register with Paulus Telfer?
Question: What does the Electoral Commission Party advocate?
Question: Who is the secretary of the Electoral Commission?
Question: Can people in New Zealand vote for the Electoral Commission Party?
Question: What is the logo of the Electoral Commission Party?
Question: Who said that Albania is the most pro-American country in Europe?
Answer: Edi Rama
Question: When did James Baker visit Albania as Secretary of State?
Answer: 1992
Question: What is the name of the largest US military base outside of US territory?
Answer: Camp Bondsteel
Question: Who is the mayor of Albania?
Question: Who said that Albania is the most pro-Bondsteel country in Europe?
Question: When did James Baker visit the United States as Secretary of State?
Question: What is the name of the largest Albanian military base outside of Albanian territory?
Question: Who is the leader of the Socialists?
Question: When did the US control Greenland?
Answer: when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany
Question: How much did the US offer to pay for Greenland?
Answer: $100 million
Question: What university is professor Gudmundur Alfredssson from?
Answer: University of Akureyri
Question: What is one reason the US would be interested in Greenland?
Answer: the vast expected hydrocarbons off the Greenlandic coast.
Question: When did the US control Akureyri?
Question: How much did the US offer to pay for Akureyri?
Question: Where was Gudmundur Alfredsson a professor at in 1946?
Question: What is one reason Alfredsson would be interested in Greenland?
Question: Who have argued that Greenland could not hypothetically be in a better financial situation as part of the United States?
Question: What had been Poland's stance towards the US, historically?
Answer: staunchly pro-American
Question: What led to the creation of an independent Poland?
Answer: favorable American intervention in World War I
Question: What did Poland contribute to the "Coalition of the Willing"?
Answer: a large force
Question: What had been Soviet stance towards the US, historically?
Question: What led to the creation of independent Soviets?
Question: What did the soviets contribute to the "Coalition of the Willing"?
Question: To who was a quote referring to Poland as a Soviet state attributed?
Question: What culminated in a Polish state dependent on Soviet influence?
Question: How many members did the Party of Reconstruction in Sicily have in 1944?
Answer: 40,000 members
Question: What did the Party of Reconstruction in Sicily campaign for?
Answer: for Sicily to be admitted as a U.S. state
Question: When did the Allied invasion of Sicily occur?
Answer: July–August 1943
Question: When did the annexation of Sicily by Italy happen?
Answer: 1861
Question: How many members did the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies have in 1944?
Question: What did the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies campaign for?
Question: When did the Sicilian invasion of the Allies occur?
Question: When did the annexation of Naples by Italy happen?
Question: Who campaigned for Naples to be a U.S. state?
Question: What are the four categories of terra nullius?
Answer: the small unclaimed territory of Bir Tawil between Egypt and Sudan, Antarctica, the oceans, and celestial bodies
Question: What three treaties exist for unclaimed lands?
Answer: the Antarctic Treaty, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the Outer Space Treaty
Question: What do the treaties defend against?
Answer: prevent colonization and potential statehood of any of these uninhabited (and, given current technology, not permanently inhabitable) territories.
Question: Where is Bir Tawil located?
Answer: between Egypt and Sudan
Question: What are the four categories of the Outer Space Treaty?
Question: What three treaties exist for claimed lands?
Question: What does terra nullius defend against?
Question: Where was the United Nations Convention located?
Question: How many categories of outer space are there?
Question: What device is able to change electric powerinto radio waves and also do the reverse?
Answer: An antenna
Question: What device is often used in conjuntion with the antenna?
Answer: radio transmitter or radio receiver
Question: What process associated with antennas produces a high frequency alternating current?
Answer: transmission
Question: What else can radio waves be called?
Answer: electromagnetic waves
Question: When does an antenna catch electromagnetic waves?
Answer: reception
Question: What particles are pushed through the antenna by a transmitter?
Answer: electrons
Question: During transmission does the electric field wave move closer to the antenna?
Answer: radiate away
Question: During what process would electrons be vacillating in the antenna?
Answer: reception
Question: What can sometimes be meant by the term aerial specifically?
Answer: wire antenna
Question: What is one way of referring to more than one antenna?
Answer: antennae
Question: What is the most widely accepted term for an electrical device that converts electric power into radio waves?
Answer: antenna
Question: Who is most associated with the emergence of the word antenna?
Answer: Guglielmo Marconi
Question: When did experimentation with electromagnetic waves begin?
Answer: 1895
Question: What is a way to increase the strength of a radio transmission?
Answer: raising the "aerial" wire
Question: How far was Marconi able to get his signal to go using this technique?
Answer: 1.5 mi
Question: What is essential for the mating of the elements that create radio waves?
Answer: Antennas
Question: How fast are signals produced by antenna transmitted?
Answer: speed of light
Question: What is one system that uses electromagnetic waves?
Answer: mobile telephones
Question: What mobile locator and direction finder technology takes advantage of radio waves?
Answer: GPS
Question: What often inconspicuous part of a laptop computer allows for internet usage?
Answer: antennas
Question: What type of antenna would most likely be a half a wavelength long?
Answer: dipole
Question: In which direction would you expect to find a dipole?
Answer: horizontally
Question: What is meant by the area where signals cannot be accepted well along the conductor?
Answer: null
Question: What is the foundation most often used when creating new antenna models?
Answer: dipole antenna
Question: What category do vertical antennas fall under?
Answer: monopole antenna
Question: What is used to close the circuit of a dipole antenna?
Answer: large conductive surface
Question: What is different from a monopole antenna with most other antenna types?
Answer: balanced line
Question: Gain when referring to an antenna refers to what about radiated power?
Answer: concentration
Question: Where is the power that is distributed originating from?
Answer: the transmitter
Question: How are antennas oriented when arranged with specific spacing?
Answer: parallel