huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: Who refused to concern themselves with the plebeians debt situation?
Answer: senators
Question: What law was passed that allowed the Plebeian Council to consider a bill without the approval of the patrician senators?
Answer: the Lex Hortensia
Question: What did the patrician senators refusal to address the accumulating debt of the plebeians lead to?
Answer: the final plebeian secession
Question: Which group of people were now considered to be politically equal with the plebeians?
Answer: patricians
Question: Which group of people rebelled by vacating Rome?
Answer: The plebeians
Question: How many plebeian families had an identical standing as the old aristocratic patrician families?
Answer: A small number
Question: What did the rebelling plebeians want before they returned to Rome?
Answer: more rights
Question: Why was the senate considered to be supreme during this time?
Answer: because the era was dominated by questions of foreign and military policy
Question: What years did no important political changes happen during?
Answer: 287 BC and 133 BC
Question: What group of people often failed to use the power that was given to them?
Answer: the plebeians
Question: Who enacted crucial laws during this period of time?
Answer: the senate
Question: What was a political element that satiated the plebeians?
Answer: the possession of power
Question: How could a candidate assure the vote of a poverty stricken plebeian?
Answer: offered them the most
Question: What type of culture was a side effect of the rampant poverty of the average plebeian?
Answer: culture of dependency
Question: What caused the bankruptcy of many farmers during this era?
Answer: commodity prices fell
Question: Who had bought the now bankrupt farms?
Answer: landed aristocracy
Question: Who had tried to enact a law that places a limit on the amount of property any single individual could possess?
Answer: Tiberius Gracchus
Question: When was Tiberius Gracchus murdered?
Answer: when he stood for reelection to the tribunate
Question: Which tribune was impeached by the Plebeian Council?
Answer: Marcus Octavius
Question: What was considered to be the opposite of Roman constitutional theory?
Answer: that a representative of the people ceases to be one when he acts against the wishes of the people
Question: What is considered to be the end game of Gaius Gracchus?
Answer: weaken the senate and to strengthen the democratic forces
Question: Who brought forward a law that would given citizenship right to Italian allies of Rome?
Answer: Gaius
Question: Which elected official lost the election in 121 BC?
Answer: Gaius
Question: What was the location of the Gaius Gracchus murder?
Answer: Capitoline Hill in Rome
Question: Who was the illegitimate offspring of the King Micipsa of Numidia?
Answer: Jugurtha
Question: Who was Jugurtha's rival?
Answer: Gaius Marius
Question: When was Gaius Marius elected to the position of consul?
Answer: 107 BC
Question: Who did not agree with the election of Gaius Marius?
Answer: aristocratic senators
Question: Which individual did the populares part have an allegiance with?
Answer: Marius
Question: In what year was a Roman army dispatched to terminate the King of Pontus?
Answer: 88 BC
Question: Who was ordered by the senate to become commander in the conflict with King Mithridates?
Answer: Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Question: Who had successfully passed a law whose sole purpose was to lessen the power of the tribunate?
Answer: Sulla
Question: What political party did Lucius Cornelius Sulla belong to?
Answer: populares
Question: What happened after Sulla returned to the conflict with Mithridates?
Answer: Marius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna soon took control of the city
Question: How many years was normal to span between offices prior to the populares controlling the city?
Answer: ten-year interval
Question: In what year did Sulla succesfully take over the populares controlled city?
Answer: 83 BC
Question: Who were slaughtered upon the arrival of Sulla in Rome?
Answer: most of Marius' supporters
Question: In what year did Sulla die?
Answer: 78 BC
Question: Which leader had achieved peace with Mithridates?
Answer: Sulla
Question: Which former lieutenant of Sulla had dismantled most of the constitution that Sulla had crafted?
Answer: Pompey
Question: In what year was the election held that let Pompey and Crassus obtain the seat of consul?
Answer: 70 BC
Question: Who was the instigator in the slave revolt in Italy?
Answer: Spartacus
Question: When did Pompey return to Rome after having quelled the uprising in Spain?
Answer: 71 BC
Question: When did the movement that considered the use of peaceful means to solve the plight of lesser classes begin?
Answer: Around 66 BC
Question: How many former consuls in Rome were executed as a result of a conspiracy?
Answer: one former consul
Question: What town was a common site of agitation within the area?
Answer: Faesulae
Question: Who can lay claim to the destruction of Lucius Sergius Catilina's forces?
Answer: Cicero
Question: Which individual had planned an uprising that ideally would see the death of most of the Roman senators?
Answer: Lucius Sergius Catilina
Question: In which year would Julius Caesar hope to be elected to the position of consul?
Answer: 59 BC
Question: What was the name of the private agreement between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus?
Answer: First Triumvirate
Question: What was Crassus agree to receive in the First Triumvirate agreement?
Answer: a future consulship
Question: When did Julius Caesar return to Rome?
Answer: 61 BC
Question: What provided the Roman senate with exuberance?
Answer: successes against Catiline
Question: Who had tried to prevent the enactment of the laws that Caesar had proposed?
Answer: Bibulus
Question: What type of case saw Cicero testify against Clodius?
Answer: sacrilege case
Question: Who enacted a law that would increase the partial grain subsidy?
Answer: Clodius
Question: Which individual lost his home to a fire?
Answer: Cicero
Question: Who was elected to the tribunate in 58 BC?
Answer: Publius Clodius Pulcher
Question: Who was responsible for the attacks on followers of Pompey?
Answer: Clodius
Question: What political position were Pompey and Crassus assured they would receive in 55 BC?
Answer: consul
Question: What caused the death of Julius Caesar's female offspring?
Answer: childbirth
Question: Which individual ran for consul in 55 BC?
Answer: Domitius Ahenobarbus
Question: Who was responsible for an expedition against the Parthian Kingdom?
Answer: Crassus
Question: Who was responsible for the death of Clodius?
Answer: Milo
Question: Who did the senators decide would aid them in their conflict with Caesar?
Answer: Pompey
Question: What type of powers were granted to Pompey by the senate?
Answer: dictatorial
Question: Ultimately what forced the senate to abandon Rome and flee to Greece?
Answer: Caesar's rapid advance
Question: In Rome during this time who was considered to hold both the dictatorship and the position of the tribunate?
Answer: Caesar
Question: What power could Caesar use against the senate should he choose?
Answer: power to veto
Question: In what year was Caesar given the power of a censor?
Answer: 46 BC
Question: What is considered to have counteracted the prestige of the senatorial aristocracy?
Answer: raised the membership of the Senate to 900
Question: Who comprised most of the members of the conspiracy to assassinate Caesar?
Answer: senators
Question: What did some members of the conspiracy believe Caesar would bring back?
Answer: the monarchy
Question: Who did Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus lead the conspiracy against?
Answer: Caesar
Question: Why did many members of the senate flee the city after Caesar's death?
Answer: fear of retaliation
Question: Who was soon allied with Caesar's adopted son following his death?
Answer: Mark Antony
Question: In what year did the Battle of Philippi end?
Answer: 42 BC
Question: How did Mark Antony die?
Answer: he committed suicide
Question: What was the alliance that was formed with Marcus Lepidus named?
Answer: the Second Triumvirate
Question: In what battle did Mark Antony see defeat?
Answer: Battle of Actium
Question: Who in Rome was responsible for imposing tribute on nations that they had conquered?
Answer: Rome's military
Question: What could be considered a trait of Rome's military campaigns?
Answer: obstinate persistence
Question: What was considered a problem in the Roman Republic during its last century?
Answer: civil war
Question: What would often lead Rome to wage war in foreign lands?
Answer: defense of an ally
Question: Who introduced the phalanx formation into Rome's army?
Answer: Servius Tullius
Question: Were Roman soldiers expected to purchase their own equipment?
Answer: wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment
Question: Who were contained in the first rank of the phalanx formation?
Answer: wealthiest citizens
Question: From what people did it appear the Etruscans had model their form of warfare on?
Answer: Greeks
Question: Where did Dionysius hail from?
Answer: Halicarnassus
Question: What was a detriment of using the phalanx formation?
Answer: only effective when fighting in large, open spaces
Question: In what century was the phalanx formation finally discarded by the Roman people?
Answer: 4th century BC
Question: What fighting formation would eventually replace the phalanx in battle?
Answer: manipular formation
Question: Where is the likely source of the change to the manipular formation?
Answer: copied from Rome's Samnite enemies
Question: What type of ground could be found in the central Italian peninsula?
Answer: hilly terrain
Question: How many horseman were likely to be found in a single manipular legion?
Answer: 300 horsemen
Question: Where could you expect the extensive amount of cavalry troops to be sourced from?
Answer: richest class of equestrians
Question: What often neglected social class was the light infantry comprised of?
Answer: lower social classes.
Question: Small shields could be found in what section of the infantry?
Answer: light infantry
Question: What type of infantry joined light, and the cavalry in battle?
Answer: heavy infantry
Question: How many calvary did Rome's Italian allies use?
Answer: 900 cavalry
Question: How many soldiers were available to Rome at the start of the Second Punic War?
Answer: 770,000 men
Question: What did Rome's Italian allies call their battle formation?
Answer: alae
Question: What allowed Rome to source some of their military from other nearby areas?
Answer: military confederation with the other peoples
Question: During what century did Roman controlled areas see a decline in their populations?
Answer: 2nd century BC
Question: What caused the Roman state to provide armaments to their army?
Answer: greater collapse of the middle classes
Question: What were soldiers expected to own prior to the year 217 BC?
Answer: property
Question: What was considered an attributing factor to the decline of the Roman population?
Answer: huge losses incurred during various wars
Question: Who was now able to join military service in 107 BC?
Answer: all citizens
Question: Where would legionaries in the Roman army likely to be sourced from?
Answer: citizen stock
Question: Who would likely make up the majority of the Roman army's light infantry?
Answer: non-citizens
Question: Which consul was responsible for the reforms that allowed all citizens access to join the Roman army?
Answer: Gaius Marius
Question: What was the process that removed the property requirement for the Roman military called?
Answer: Marian reforms
Question: Around how many units could be expected to be contained within a cohort?
Answer: 480 infantrymen
Question: How many troops were placed into each tent group?
Answer: 8 men
Question: Who would now be used as scouts instead of fighting alongside the army in the battlefield?
Answer: cavalry troops
Question: What designation of troops was considered to make up the majority of a legion?
Answer: cohort
Question: In which sea was a large amount of naval vessels sent in order to remove Cilician pirates?
Answer: Mediterranean Sea
Question: Around how many ships were sent into service from Greek cities?
Answer: as many as a thousand ships
Question: Who was ultimately responsible for the naval ships that were sent to the English Channel?
Answer: Caesar
Question: What was the driving force behind the revitalization of the Roman naval forces?
Answer: to meet several new demands
Question: What aspect of the Roman military saw a decline in size after the subjugation of the Mediterranean?
Answer: Roman navy
Question: What was the general source of the Roman senate's authority?
Answer: the esteem and prestige of the senators
Question: Who was responsible for overseeing a military action?
Answer: the senate
Question: What was a motion that was enacted by the senate called?
Answer: senatus consulta
Question: What area was the likely focal point of the Roman senate?
Answer: foreign policy
Question: What governing Roman body would self-select their own members during times of great distress?
Answer: the senate itself would select its members
Question: What was the main requirement of seeking a trial in the Roman courts?
Answer: legal status of Roman citizenship
Question: Who would be expected to oversee a capital case in the Roman courts?
Answer: assemblies
Question: Which designation of people made up the entirety of the members of a comitia?
Answer: optimo jure
Question: Who did the assemblies elected by the optimo jure elect?
Answer: magistrates
Question: What type of assembly could specific groupings of optimo jure be found in?
Answer: concilia
Question: What Roman assembly elected both magistrates and censors?
Answer: Comitia Centuriata
Question: What profession of people made up the entireity of the Comitia Centuriata?
Answer: centuries
Question: Would the Comitia Centuriata occasionally be called upon to serve as the highest court of appeal?
Answer: It also served as the highest court of appeal in certain judicial cases
Question: Which elected official had imperium powers?
Answer: magistrates
Question: How many tribes were considered to be in the Comitia Tributa?
Answer: 35 tribes
Question: How were the assembly of tribes segregated into specific tribes?
Answer: geographical subdivisions
Question: What assembly was responsible for the election of quaestors?
Answer: the Comitia Tributa
Question: When would the assembly of tribes cease voting?
Answer: Once a measure received support from a majority of the tribes
Question: Who would be responsible for the election of a plebeian tribune?
Answer: a plebeian
Question: What is considered to be the most authoritative constitutional power?
Answer: imperium
Question: What did the constitutional power of imperium grant a magistrate?
Answer: authority to command a military force
Question: What would be one of the duties that a newly elected magistrate could expect to perform?
Answer: to look for omens
Question: What power was in possession of every single magistrate in Rome?
Answer: power of coercion
Question: How long concurrently could an elected magistrate serve in office?
Answer: one-year
Question: How many people would serve concurrently in a single magisterial office?
Answer: at least two people
Question: What form of due process was a harbinger of our vary own habeas corpus?
Answer: Provocatio
Question: What would you call a magistrate who had his powers of imperium continued?
Answer: promagistrate
Question: Who would a Roman go see in an attempt to reverse the decision of a magistrate?
Answer: a tribune
Question: Who was responsible for the adminstration of civil laws?
Answer: Praetors
Question: Who was responsible for the handling of the Roman census?
Answer: two censors
Question: How long could an elected censor remain in office for?
Answer: 18-month term
Question: What officer primarily had duties over finance matters?
Answer: quaestors
Question: How long could a dictator be appointed for in times of certain emergencies?
Answer: six months
Question: What would happen during the commencement of a dictator's term?
Answer: Constitutional government would be dissolved
Question: What type of offense was the harm of a tribute treated as?
Answer: capital offense
Question: What was the ultimate source of the tribunes powers?
Answer: their sacrosanctity
Question: What type of housing could be located in the city center?
Answer: apartment blocks
Question: From what local area in Rome is the word palace borrowed from?
Answer: Palatine Hill
Question: How many areas in Rome could be called hills?
Answer: seven
Question: What language was commonly used in scholarly mathematical writings prior to the 19th century?
Answer: Latin
Question: From which people were many facets of Roman culture copied from?
Answer: Greeks
Question: What was considered to be the dominant language in the Roman Republic?
Answer: Latin
Question: Around what percentage of the Roman populace were thought to be slaves?
Answer: over 25%
Question: Where in the Roman Republic could slaves be acquired?
Answer: slave markets
Question: Were slave masters allowed to free their slaves in the Roman Republic?
Answer: Many slaves were freed by the masters for services rendered
Question: What branch of law did Rome lack?
Answer: law enforcement
Question: Who was responsible for seeking justice in the Roman courts?
Answer: an accuser who was forced to prove the entire case himself
Question: What garment was worn by male gendered adults to convey their status as a citizen of Rome?
Answer: toga virilis
Question: What was typically worn after the loss of a loved one in the Roman Republic?
Answer: The toga pulla
Question: Which official would wear a garment containing broad red striping?
Answer: Senators
Question: How did a womans garment typically vary from a mans in the Roman Republic?
Answer: usually brightly coloured
Question: When were the staple foods in the Roman republic typically eaten at?
Answer: 11 o'clock
Question: What did people in the Roman Republic use to consume solid foods?
Answer: Fingers were used
Question: What type of food was cheese considered to be in Rome?
Answer: staple
Question: What form of expression did the Roman Horace practice?
Answer: poet
Question: What did Romans sit on when they had a meal at home?
Answer: stools
Question: What was considered a compelling way to defame poltical rivals?
Answer: An accurate accusation of being an alcoholic
Question: During what meals was wine commonly drank?
Answer: all meals
Question: What was considered an indication of alcoholism in the Roman Republic?
Answer: Drinking on an empty stomach
Question: Who could be expected to obtain guidance in the art of weaving?
Answer: Girls
Question: What Roman art involved speeches made to the public?
Answer: Oratory
Question: When did academic schooling begin in the Roman Republic?
Answer: around 200 BC
Question: What caused the Romans to conform several educational concepts to their own system?
Answer: various military conquests in the Greek East
Question: What type of language is French considered to be?
Answer: Romance languages
Question: What type of Latin was likely spoken in Rome?
Answer: Vulgar Latin
Question: How would Vulgar Latin eventually differ from Classical Latin?
Answer: pronunciation
Question: Which Germanic originating language densely acquired aspects from Latin?
Answer: English
Question: Who was the author of the epic poem Aeneid?
Answer: Virgil
Question: What style of literature could commonly be found in Roman works?
Answer: poetry
Question: Which epic poem tells the tale of the founding of the city that one day would become Rome?
Answer: Aeneid
Question: What Roman poet attempted to develop science in their poetry?
Answer: Lucretius
Question: What language does the word Music see it's origins in?
Answer: Greek
Question: Could events in the Roman Republic often include music?
Answer: Many private and public events were accompanied by music
Question: What do many people consider to be the source of our modern musics familiarity with us?
Answer: developments only within the last 1,000 years
Question: What was a primary cause of the modification of Roman architectural elements?
Answer: urban requirements changed
Question: What Roman construction material has continued to be a mystery to this day?
Answer: Roman concrete
Question: Do any Roman structures still exist in our time?
Answer: even after more than 2,000 years some Roman structures still stand magnificently
Question: What facet of the capital city was emulated by other urban centers in the Roman Republic?
Answer: The architectural style
Question: What was the name of the area in which youth played and exercised?
Answer: Campus Martius
Question: What could you also call Rome's Campus Maritus?
Answer: Field of Mars
Question: What is the Roman board game Tabula a precursor to?
Answer: backgammon
Question: What was Roman version of Chess called?
Answer: Latrunculi
Question: When did the Roman religion that is generally identified with the republic first established? 
Answer: around 500 BC
Question: Who did the Romans adapt several of their religious convictions from?
Answer: Greek
Question: Where did a large amount of the deities that were worshiped in Roman civilization come from?
Answer: Proto-Indo-European pantheon
Question: What religious element could be found in all Roman households?
Answer: an altar
Question: What in Roman society was considered to be a temple to the gods?
Answer: each household
Question: On what date did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
Answer: 7/8 December 1941
Question: When did the Second Sino-Japanese War begin?
Answer: 7 July 1937
Question: Which countries did the Second Sino-Japanese War encompass?
Answer: Empire of Japan and the Republic of China
Question: Has Japan ever attacked Thailand?
Answer: Japan invaded Thailand
Question: What is the generally accepted date the Pacific War started?
Answer: 7/8 December 1941
Question: When did Japan invade Manchuria?
Answer: 19 September 1931
Question: What nation initiated hostilities?
Answer: Japan
Question: What was the Pacific War theater part of after December 1941?
Answer: World War II
Question: When did Japan invade China?
Answer: 7 July 1937
Question: What events ended the war with Japan?
Answer: atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Question: On what date did Japan surrender?
Answer: 2 September 1945
Question: Where did Japan's surrender occur?
Answer: aboard the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay
Question: What changed in the ruling of Japan after the war?
Answer: a new liberal-democratic constitution
Question: What was the process called whereby the leader of Japan stepped down?
Answer: Shinto Directive
Question: What nation were the allies against?
Answer: Japan
Question: What nations comprised the Axis?
Answer: Germany and Italy
Question: What cities were destroyed by atom bombs?
Answer: Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Question: When did the Soviet Union invade Manchuria?
Answer: 8 August 1945
Question: What did Japanese officials call the war?
Answer: Japan–China Incident
Question: What was the reason Japan gave for the war?
Answer: achieving their independence from the Western powers
Question: What date was the new name of the war released?
Answer: 12 December
Question: What name did Japan call the war?
Answer: Greater East Asia War
Question: When did Japan adobt the name for the war?
Answer: 10 December 1941
Question: What was Japan's publicised war goal?
Answer: independence from the Western powers
Question: What did Japan call the occupied group of Asian nations?
Answer: Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
Question: How was the name of the war chosen by Japan?
Answer: by a cabinet decision
Question: Which group controlled Chinese costal regions?
Answer: Wang Jingwei regime
Question: Which army invaded Burma?
Answer: Phayap Army
Question: Burma was formerly annexed by what country?
Answer: Britain
Question: What states assisting Japan was Thailand a part of?
Answer: Axis
Question: What year did Thailand form an alliance with Japan?
Answer: 1941
Question: What army invaded northeastern Burma?
Answer: Phayap Army
Question: What were the Japanese puppet states?
Answer: Manchukuo and Mengjiang
Question: Who controlled the coast of China?
Answer: Wang Jingwei regime
Question: Did the U.S. believe that Thailand was an Axis ally?
Answer: not an ally
Question: What does the U.S. believe caused Thailand to help Japan?
Answer: blackmail
Question: Is Thailand treated differently than other Axis countries?
Answer: the same way
Question: According to the USA, what country did Japan blackmail?
Answer: Thailand
Question: What nations were occupied by the Axis?
Answer: Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Poland, and the Netherlands
Question: After 1945, how did the USA treat Thailand?
Answer: not as a former enemy
Question: Who occupied Thailand according to the USA?
Answer: Japanese troops
Question: What type of soldiers came from Hong Kong? 
Answer: Collaborationist units
Question: What other Asian country, a group of islands, helped the Japanese?
Answer: Philippines
Question: What colonies did Japan conscript soldiers from?
Answer: Korea and Formosa
Question: What French forces assisted Japan?
Answer: Vichy
Question: Who were the collaborators assisting Japan in Hong King?
Answer: ex-colonial police
Question: On which side of the war were the Chinese?
Answer: United States
Question: What other major continent participated as an ally of the U.S.?
Answer: Australia
Question: What colonies did the Netherlands possess?
Answer: Dutch East Indies and the western part of New Guinea
Question: What large Asian country was allied with the United States?
Answer: Republic of China
Question: What was the name of the Philippines nation?
Answer: Commonwealth of the Philippines
Question: What nation possessed the Dutch East Indies?
Answer: Netherlands
Question: What nation possessed west New Guinea?
Answer: Netherlands
Question: What incident occured on July 7, 1937?
Answer: Marco Polo Bridge Incident
Question: Who supplied assistance to the Chinese military?
Answer: Soviet Union
Question: When did the Nanking Massacre occur?
Answer: December 1937
Question: Where was the first Nationalist victory?
Answer: Taierzhuang
Question: How did people around the world react to Japan's Panay Incident?
Answer: condemned
Question: When was the Marco Polo Bridge Incident?
Answer: 7 July 1937
Question: What incident started the war between China and Japan?
Answer: Marco Polo Bridge Incident
Question: What nation provided material support to China?
Answer: Soviet Union
Question: What was the capital of China?
Answer: Nanking
Question: When was Nanking captured?
Answer: December 1937
Question: Who controled Indochina in 1940?
Answer: Vichy France
Question: When did Japan invade Indochina?
Answer: September 1940
Question: Who were the Axis Powers along with Japan in 1940?
Answer: Germany and Italy
Question: Did Japan and Germany work closely together prior to 1944?
Answer: little coordination
Question: When did Japan take over Indochina?
Answer: September 1940
Question: Who controlled Indochina before the Japanese takeover?
Answer: Vichy France
Question: When did Japan become an Axis power?
Answer: 27 September
Question: How many nations comprised the Axis powers?
Answer: three
Question: How much coordination was there between Japan and Germany?
Answer: little
Question: Why did the Chinese ultimately fail in its counter offensives?
Answer: low military-industrial capacity
Question: What policy did Japan adopt to retaliate against China?
Answer: "Three Alls Policy" ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all")
Question: What slowed the Japanese in their attacks on China?
Answer: mountainous terrain
Question: In what city did Japan set up a provisional capital?
Answer: Chungking
Question: What was Japan's "Three Alls Policy"?
Answer: "Kill all, Burn all, Loot all"
Question: What year did China and Japan reach a stalemate?
Answer: 1941
Question: Where was the Chinese provisional capital?
Answer: Chungking
Question: What natural obsticles stalled the Japanese offensive against the Chinese?
Answer: mountainous terrain
Question: What group organised guerrilla warfare against the Japanese in China?
Answer: Communists
Question: Who was the leader of the Nationalist government?
Answer: Chiang Kai-shek
Question: When did cooperation between communist and nationalist forces end?
Answer: January 1941
Question: Did Japan support rival governments?
Answer: supporting several
Question: When did the co-operation between Chinese nationalist forces and communists end?
Answer: January 1941
Question: What was Wang Jingwei's government considered?
Answer: puppet
Question: What government did Chiang Kai-shek lead?
Answer: Nationalist government
Question: Which Japanese Admiral felt it was necessary to go to war with the U.S.?
Answer: Sankichi Takahashi
Question: Why was the Dutch East Indies important to Japan?
Answer: oil reserves
Question: In what year did the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere expand?
Answer: 1940
Question: What was the importance of the Dutch East Indies to Japan?
Answer: oil reserves
Question: Who said a showdown between Japan and the United States would be necessary?
Answer: Admiral Sankichi Takahashi
Question: By what year did Japanese strategists expand their concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?
Answer: 1940
Question: What did The West do to disuade Japan in China and French Indochina?
Answer: stopped selling oil, iron ore, and steel to Japan
Question: Why was denying supplies important to the western countries?
Answer: denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities
Question: What were these embargoes called by the Japanese media?
Answer: "ABCD ("American-British-Chinese-Dutch")
Question: Why did Western powers stop selling resources to Japan?
Answer: to discourage Japanese militarism
Question: How did Japan view Western embargos?
Answer: as acts of aggression
Question: What percent of oil made up Japan's domestic consumption?
Answer: about 80%
Question: What did the Japanese media refer to the embargoes as?
Answer: "ABCD line"
Question: What would Japan accomplish by peace after their early victories?
Answer: recognize Japanese hegemony in Asia.
Question: What was Japan's strategic goal in attacking America?
Answer: defeated by reaching limited military objectives, not by total conquest
Question: Did The Japanese believe they could defeate the U.S.?
Answer: impossible
Question: What did the Japanese military leadership think the chances were of complete military victory ove the United States?
Answer: impossible
Question: What did Japan want recognised in planned peace negotiations after their initial victories?
Answer: Japanese hegemony in Asia
Question: If acceptable negotiations btween Japan and the United States were reached, what would be done regarding the attacks?
Answer: canceled
Question: What was the conduct of the war against the United States based on?
Answer: historical experiences
Question: How many U.S. battleships were incapacitated in the Pearl Harbor attacks?
Answer: eight
Question: How many Americans died in the Pearl Harbor attacks?
Answer: 2,403
Question: Was America at war when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor?
Answer: not officially at war
Question: Why did Japan attack America?
Answer: allow Japan free rein in Asia
Question: What were the most vital American ships at the time of the attack?
Answer: aircraft carriers
Question: When did Japan launch the aattack on Pearl Harbor?
Answer: 7 December
Question: How many American battleships were put out of action in the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan?
Answer: eight
Question: How many US citizens were killed in the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan?
Answer: 2,403
Question: How many aircraft did the United States lose in the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan?
Answer: 188
Question: Where were the American aircraft carriers during the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan?
Answer: at sea
Question: What program allowed America to sell military supplies to Britain and the Soviet Union?
Answer: Lend-Lease
Question: On what day did the U.S. and its allies declar war on Japan?
Answer: 8 December
Question: How long after the Pearl Harbor attacks did Germany and Italy declare war?
Answer: Four days
Question: Was Germany's declaration of war with the U.S. considered to be sound strategy?
Answer: strategic blunder
Question: how many members did the America First Committee have?
Answer: 800,000
Question: What group was opposed to American involvement in the war in Europe?
Answer: America First Committee
Question: When did the United States declare war on Japan?
Answer: 8 December
Question: How many days after the attack on Pearl Harbor did Germany wait to declare war on the United States?
Answer: Four
Question: Who predicted Germany's declaration of war against the United States months before?
Answer: Commander Arthur McCollum
Question: What date was the first official use of the term United Nations?
Answer: 1 January 1942
Question: Who was appointed to command the Allied forces in Southeast Asia in 1942?
Answer: General Sir Archibald Wavell
Question: When did General Wavell assume control of the Southheast Asia Allied forces?
Answer: 15 January
Question: How spread out were the Allied forces in Southeastern Asia?
Answer: thinly
Question: Where did General Wavell command the Allied forces from?
Answer: Bandung
Question: When did Allied forces surrender Singapore to the Japanese?
Answer: 15 February 1942
Question: How many Allied prisoners did Japan take after the Battle of Singapore?
Answer: about 130,000
Question: When did General Wavell resign as commander of the Allied forces of Southeastern Asia?
Answer: 25 February
Question: After Wavell resigned from ABDACOM, What post did he return to?
Answer: Commander-in-Chief, India
Question: How many British soldiers were rescued by the Chinese 38th Division on April 16??
Answer: 7,000
Question: Who led the rescue of British forces during the Battle of Yenangyaung?
Answer: Sun Li-jen
Question: How many of Chiang Kai-Shek's troops were controlled by warlords?
Answer: 550,000
Question: What was Chiang Kai-Shek's strongest army?
Answer: Szechuan army
Question: Where did Churchill want the Australian divisions bound for Singapore to be diverted to?
Answer: Burma
Question: What Japanese group opposed an invasion of Australia?
Answer: Japanese Army
Question: What was the capital of Papua?
Answer: Port Moresby
Question: What country did Japan isolate Australia from with a blockade?
Answer: United States
Question: Who ordered General MacArthur to make a defense plan with Australia?
Answer: President Franklin Roosevelt
Question: When was General MacArthur ordered to make a defense plan with Australia?
Answer: March 1942
Question: Who was the Supreme Commander of the South West Allied forces?
Answer: MacArthur
Question: Where was MacArthur's headquarters moved to in March of 1942?
Answer: Melbourne
Question: How many Japanese submarines shelled Sydney on June 8, 1942?
Answer: two
Question: When was the Pacific War Council formed in Washingto D.C.?
Answer: 1 April 1942
Question: What American president was a member of the Pacific War Council?
Answer: President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Question: Who was President Roosevelt's key advisor?
Answer: Harry Hopkins
Question: Where was the U.S.-UK Combined Chiefs of Staff located?
Answer: Washington
Question: Where was the Australian and Dutch guerilla campaign led?
Answer: Portuguese Timor
Question: What American carrier joined the USS Yorktown to stop the Japanese attack on Port Moresby in 1942?
Answer: USS Lexington
Question: What admiral was the USS Lexington under?
Answer: Admiral Fletcher
Question: When was the Battle of the Coral Sea fought?
Answer: May 1942
Question: What American carrier was sunk in the Battle of the Coral Sea?
Answer: Lexington
Question: What Japanese carrier was lost in the Battle of the Coral Sea?
Answer: Shōhō
Question: In Yamamoto's plan, what northern islands were to be attacked?
Answer: Aleutian Islands
Question: What was the second stage objective of Yamaoto's plan?
Answer: capture of Midway
Question: How many planes did Nagumo have for the Midway invasion?
Answer: 272
Question: How many planes did the United States have in the Battle of Midway?
Answer: 348
Question: How many U.S. planes were land-based?
Answer: 115
Question: How many TBD Devastator torpedo bombers were lauched from the Hornet?
Answer: 15
Question: How many carriers did Nagumo have at the Battle of Midway?
Answer: four
Question: How many times did Nagumo change orders for arming his aircraft?
Answer: twice
Question: What were on the decks of the Japanese aircraft carriers when the American dive bobers attacked?
Answer: munitions
Question: At what altitude did the American dive bombers commence their attck on the Japanese carriers?
Answer: 10,000 feet
Question: Which Japanese carrier survived the first wave of American dive bombers in the Battle of Midway.
Answer: Hiryū
Question: Who won the Battle of Midway?
Answer: Allies
Question: How many fleet carriers were lost by the Japanese in the Battle of Midway?
Answer: four
Question: What mountains did the Australian battalions fight a rearguard action over on the Kokoda Track?
Answer: Owen Stanley Ranges
Question: What forces releived the worn Australian reserve battalions? 
Answer: Second Australian Imperial Force
Question: In 1942, what Australian Air Force base was attacked by Japanese marines?
Answer: Milne Bay
Question: Where was Milne Bay located in New Guinea?
Answer: eastern tip
Question: What theater did the Second Australian Imperial Force come from before they relieved the reserve battalions in New Guinea?
Answer: Mediterranean
Question: Where were most of the Japanese aircraft in the South Pacific redeployed to defend?
Answer: Guadalcanal
Question: Where did Japanese ground attack repeatedly?forces 
Answer: Henderson Field
Question: What did the Allies call the Japanese convoys supplying the ground forces attacking Henderson Field?
Answer: "Tokyo Express"
Question: What was the reason for the name "Ironbottom Sound" of the water stretches new Guadalcanal?
Answer: the multitude of ships sunk
Question: When did the Japanese give up trying to recapture Henderson Field?
Answer: February 1943
Question: Where were the 40th, 3rd, and 6th divisions massed at in China?
Answer: Yueyang
Question: What is the first river that the 40th, 3rd, and 6th Japanese divisions crossed while advancing southward?
Answer: Xinqiang River
Question: What is the river that the 40th, 3rd, and 6th Japanese divisions tried crossing to reach Changsha?
Answer: Miluo River
Question: How many Chinese civilians were estimated to have died during the Japanese Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign?
Answer: 250,000
Question: Who commanded the Imperial Japanese 11th Army on November, 1943?
Answer: Isamu Yokoyama
Question: What Allied command replaced the British India Command in August, 1943?
Answer: South East Asia Command
Question: Who was appointed Supreme Commander of the SEAC in October, 1943?
Answer: Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten
Question: Who was deputy commander to Mountbatten?
Answer: General Joseph Stilwell
Question: What was the name of the new link between India and China by land?
Answer: Ledo Road
Question: The British and Indian Fourteenth Army was formed to take on what force?
Answer: Japanese in Burma
Question: What did the United States turn it's industry to in the two years folloing the Battle of Midway?
Answer: increased numbers of ships, planes, and trained aircrew
Question: How were the bypassed Japanese strongholds neutralized?
Answer: air attack
Question: What blockade against Japan  was to be improved on?
Answer: submarine blockade
Question: What type of vessels were part of a major role in defeating Japan?
Answer: submarines
Question: What percent did submarines make up in the US Navy fighting Japan?
Answer: two percent
Question: What happened to the Japanese fleet when nearly all oil imports were cut off?
Answer: virtually stranded
Question: What percentage of Japanese merchantmen were sunk by U.S. submarines?
Answer: 56%
Question: What percentage of Japanese warships were sunk by U.S. submarines?
Answer: 28%
Question: What future U.S. president was rescued by a submarine?
Answer: George H.W. Bush
Question: What was one of the important roles submarine played in the war?
Answer: reconnaissance roles
Question: Who was the Dutch Admiral in charge of the East Indies?
Answer: Conrad Helfrich
Question: What was the nickname given to the Dutch Admiral in charge of the East Indies?
Answer: "Ship-a-day Helfrich"
Question: What was the first Japanese warship to be sunk by submarine?
Answer: Sagiri
Question: When was the first Japanese warship sunk by a submarine?
Answer: 24 December 1941
Question: What was commerce raiding refered to as?
Answer: guerre de course
Question: What was the primary use of Japanese submarines?
Answer: long-range reconnaissance
Question: When was the Japanese submarine offensive against Australia?
Answer: 1942 and 1943
Question: What did the Japanese submarine offensive against Austrailia achieve?
Answer: little
Question: What led to guerrilla submarine missions in early 1942?
Answer: Allied forces surrounded in the Philippines
Question: What did Admiral Nimitze rely on submarines for?
Answer: close surveillance of enemy bases
Question: When were the defective torpedo problems of the US Navy corrected?
Answer: September 1943
Question: What was the "maru code"?
Answer: Japanese merchant marine code
Question: When did the US Navy begin to use it's submarines to maximum effect?
Answer: 1944
Question: How many Japanese ships were sunk in 1942 by United States submarines?
Answer: 180
Question: How many Japanese merchant ships did Allied submarines sink during the war?
Answer: 1,200
Question: How many Japanese carriers were sunk during the war?
Answer: eight
Question: How many Japanese ships were sunk in 1944 by United States submarines?
Answer: 603
Question: What was the code name for the mid-1944 offensive across China?
Answer: Operation Ichi-Go
Question: What was the largest Japanese offensive in World War II?
Answer: Operation Ichi-Go
Question: Where did the Chinese stop the Operation Ichi-Go incursion?
Answer: Guangxi
Question: Who was able to take advantage of the social confusion created by Operation Ichi-Go?
Answer: Chinese Communist guerrillas
Question: How many casualties did the Japanese suffer during Operation Ichi-Go?
Answer: about 100,000
Question: What command prepared offensives into Burma after the Allied setbacks in 1943?
Answer: South East Asia command
Question: Who led Chinese and American troops for NCAC?
Answer: Joseph Stilwell
Question: What road did the NCAC extend into northern Burma?
Answer: Ledo Road
Question: Who advanced aling the Arakan Province coast?
Answer: XV Corps
Question: Who did aircraft drop supplies to isolated units until they could be relieved?
Answer: XV Corps
Question: Who commanded the Japanese Fifteenth Army in Operation U-Go?
Answer: Lieutenant General Renya Mutaguchi
Question: Where had the Japanese advanced to?
Answer: Kohima in Nagaland
Question: What did the Japanese cut?
Answer: main road to Imphal
Question: What had the Japanese failed to capture?
Answer: defences at Kohima
Question: When was the Japanese siege of Imphal broken?
Answer: 22 June
Question: How many troops had the Japanese lost?
Answer: 50,000
Question: What was the main cause of death of the Japanese troops?
Answer: starvation and disease
Question: What battle was the advance in the Arakan halted to release troops for?
Answer: Battle of Imphal
Question: Who aided the Americans and Chinese during the advance in northern Burma?
Answer: Chindits
Question: When did the Chinese invade northern Burma?
Answer: middle of 1944
Question: What fortified position was captured by the Chinese Expeditionary Force?
Answer: Mount Song
Question: What airfield was taken by the NCAC in August, 1944?
Answer: Myitkyina
Question: How many fleet carriers did the U.S. Fifth Fleet have?
Answer: 15
Question: How many fleet planes did the U.S. Fifth Fleet have?
Answer: 956
Question: What was the search radius of U.S. Navy Hellcat fighters?
Answer: 325-mile
Question: How many carriers did Ozawa have?
Answer: nine
Question: How many of Ozawa's submarines were sunk by American destroyers?
Answer: 17
Question: How many American warships were damaged during the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot?
Answer: one
Question: In what sequence did Japanese planes arrive at their targets?
Answer: staggered
Question: Where did the radio interception orders to U.S> Hellcat fighters come from?
Answer: combat information centers
Question: Who gave the directive for all carriers in the US Navy to have combat information centers?
Answer: Nimitz
Question: On what day did U.S> planes located Ozawa's fleet?
Answer: second
Question: How many miles away was Ozawa's fleet located?
Answer: 275
Question: How many planes did the U.S. lose?
Answer: 130
Question: How many planes did Japan lose?
Answer: 450
Question: How many U.S. aircrews were lost?
Answer: 76
Question: What is argued to be the largest naval battle in history?
Answer: Battle of Leyte Gulf
Question: What was the largest naval battle in World War II?
Answer: Battle of Leyte Gulf
Question: When did the Battle of Leyte Gulf occur?
Answer: 23 to 26 October 1944
Question: When did Nimitz launch a carrier raid against Formosa?
Answer: 12 October
Question: What did Nimitz favor blockading?
Answer: Philippines
Question: What was the namee of the plan where Ozawa's force would lure the U.S. 3rd Fleet away from Leyte?
Answer: Sho-1
Question: Who would enter Leyte Gulf to attack the Allied landing forces?
Answer: V. Adm. Takeo Kurita
Question: How many Japanese forces were likely to be destroyed?
Answer: one or more
Question: How many battleships were in Kurita's "Center Force"?
Answer: five
Question: How many cruisers were in Kurita's "Center Force"?
Answer: 12
Question: How many destroyers were in Kurita's "Center Force"?
Answer: 13
Question: When did Kurita's force enter the Sibuyan Sea?
Answer: 24 October
Question: Which Japanese admiral was a  rival of Nishimura?
Answer: Shima
Question: How many miles was Shima's fleet behind Nishimura?
Answer: 22
Question: Who set the trap for the Japanese forces as they sailed by Panaon Island?
Answer: R. Adm. Jesse Oldendorf
Question: How many battleships did the U.S.-Australian 7th Fleet have?
Answer: six
Question: How many aircraft carriers were in Ozawa's "Northern Force"?
Answer: four
Question: When did the allies spot Ozawa's "Northern Force"?
Answer: 16:40 on 24 October
Question: How many planes were in the U.S. 3rd Fleet?
Answer: 1,000
Question: How many destroyers were in the U.S. Third Fleet?
Answer: 63
Question: How many cruisers were in the U.S. Third Fleet?
Answer: 17
Question: When did Kurita pass through the San Bernardino Strait?
Answer: 03:00 on 25 October
Question: Where did Kurit head after passing through the San Bernardino Strait?
Answer: along the coast of Samar
Question: Admiral Kincaid commanded what three groups of the Seventh Fleet?
Answer: Taffy 1, 2 and 3
Question: What broke the Japanes formations under Kurita?
Answer: Destroyer attacks
Question: How many of Kurita's heavy cruisers were sunk?
Answer: Three
Question: What were the Leyte beachheads of the U.S. Sixth Army secured from?
Answer: attack from the sea
Question: When did Operation Ten-Go occur?
Answer: April 1945
Question: How many battleships did Kurita begin Operation Ten-Go with?
Answer: five
Question: What was the last battleship in history to engage in combat with another battleship?
Answer: Yamashiro
Question: Which battleship was still capable of combat when Kurita returned to Japan?
Answer: Yamato
Question: When did the U.S. Sixth Army land on the eastern shore of Leyte?
Answer: 20 October 1944
Question: Where did the Japanese rush reinforcments to on the western side of Leyte?
Answer: Ormoc Bay area
Question: What force devastated resupply attempts by the Japanese?
Answer: U.S. Fifth Air Force
Question: What was the neighboring island to the north of Leyte.
Answer: Samar
Question: Fighting continued on Leyte for how long?
Answer: months
Question: Landings were made on the beaches of what island on December 15, 1944?
Answer: Mindoro
Question: Lingayen Gulf operations supported what landings?
Answer: Luzon
Question: Who led the Sixth Army?
Answer: General Krueger
Question: Clark field was how many miles northwest of Manila?
Answer: 40
Question: What island was invaded by the Eighth Army on February 28?
Answer: Palawan
Question: Where did the Eighth Army land?
Answer: Puerto Princesa
Question: Who aided U.S. forces in finding Japanese holdouts in the Philippines?
Answer: Filipino guerrillas
Question: What is the western-most Philippine island?
Answer: Palawan