huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What did the Canadian side reduce teams to per side?
Question: What difference did the Canadian side adopt before the American side?
Question: Who donated a championship trophy for Canadian football teams in 1909?
Answer: Albert Grey
Question: When did professional teams begin to dominate the Canadian football championship?
Answer: 1940s and early 1950s
Question: Which trophy was awarded to a Canadian football champion beginning in 1909?
Answer: Grey Cup
Question: Which was the last amateur team to compete for the Canadian football championship?
Answer: Ontario Rugby Football Union
Question: What government position was held by the man who donated the Grey Cup to Canadian football?
Answer: The Governor General of Canada
Question: Who donated the Grey cup in 2009
Question: When did amateur teams begin to dominate the Canadian football championship
Question: What was the first amateur team to compete for the Canadian football championship?
Question: What did the Gov. Gen. of Ottawa to donate?
Question: What amateur team won a championship in 1954?
Question: When was the Ontario Rugby Football Union established?
Question: Who donated a championship trophy for the Governor General of Canada?
Question: What position was held by the Ontario Rugby Football Union?
Question: What was the last professional team to compete for the trophy?
Question: When did amateur teams dominate the Canadian football championship?
Question: In which year did the CFL first attempt an expansion into the United States?
Answer: 1992
Question: Which American CFL team won the Grey Cup?
Answer: Baltimore Stallions
Question: The return of an NFL team to which city contributed to the demise of the CFL's American expansion?
Answer: Baltimore
Question: How many years did the CFL South Division last?
Answer: three
Question: Canadian football has never been played in what country?
Question: The East division tried to put CFL teams in what other country?
Question: I what was the name of the American team that played in Canada?
Question: Which championship game to the Baltimore stallions lose?
Question: The return of what organization to Boston prompted the end of Canadian football in America?
Question: Where has the CFL been kept?
Question: Who put NFL teams in the United States playing under Canadian Rules?
Question: When was the Grey Cup aborted?
Question: What did the South Division win while successfully playing in the CFL?
Question: How was it believed that the CFL was used to help struggling Canadian teams?
Question: How many football teams compete in Canadian Interuniversity Sport?
Answer: 26
Question: Which trophy goes to the Canadian Interuniversity Sport football champion?
Answer: Vanier Cup
Question: What is the name of the championship game for junior Canadian football teams?
Answer: Canadian Bowl
Question: Which provinces field teams in the Quebec Junior Football League?
Answer: Ontario and Quebec
Question: What organization oversees professional Canadian football?
Question: Twenty-eight teams play and how many conferences the Canadian inter-university sport
Question: The Grey cup goes to what championship? Will your
Question: What is the name of the championship game for the Canadian football league?
Question: What Québec league compete for the veneer cup?
Question: What are university ranks governed by?
Question: At college level, how many teams compete in the Quebec Junior Football League?
Question: Which division goes to the CIS champion?
Question: What do  Canadian Bowl teams battle for?
Question: Which provinces have teams in the Canadian Interuniversity Sport?
Question: How long in meters is the crossbar of a Canadian football goal?
Answer: 5.6
Question: What part of a Canadian football field was sometimes marked with a "G"?
Answer: goal line
Question: What distance from the sidelines are hash marks painted on a CFL field?
Answer: 24 yards (21.9 m)
Question: Whose football fields are hundred 50 yards wide and 65 yards long?
Question: What are marked with yellow sidelines?
Question: What fields have expanded in zones?
Question: Where was it uncommon to put her over the track?
Question: In most running tracks today, what are marked?
Question: In higher calibre stadiums what is preferred?
Question: What single-curved post lines drawn every 5 yards from the goal line called?
Question: How far from the goalposts are hashmarks painted?
Question: What is cut off to accommodate the yard lines at Commonwealth Stadium?
Question: Which team calls heads or tails in the coin flip before a CFL game?
Answer: visiting
Question: Who on a football team articulates the team's decision following the coin flip?
Answer: captain
Question: What can the team that wins the coin toss choose besides whether they wish to kick off or receive the ball?
Answer: which direction of the field to play in
Question: Who makes a choice after the team that wins the coin toss has made their decision?
Answer: the opposing captain
Question: What does the official call at the beginning of a game?
Question: What option does the official have after winning the coin toss?
Question: What's typical for the team that recieves the kick?
Question: After the kickoff in the second half who is given first choice?
Question: What is one option the opposing captain is given  if they choose first choice after winning the coin toss?
Question: What is the term for play stopped because the ball carrier, although not fully tackled, can no longer advance the ball?
Answer: forward progress
Question: Where does the next play start unless a team has just scored?
Answer: scrimmage
Question: Which parts of the ball carrier's body do not cause play to stop when they touch the ground?
Answer: feet and hands
Question: Which direction of pass causes play to stop when it is not caught?
Answer: forward
Question: If a player's knee is forced to the ground, what starts from scrimmage?
Question: What parts of the ball carriers forward progress won't stop play when touching the ground?
Question: Which touchdown causes play to stop when not caught?
Question: Where does the next field goal start unless a team has scored?
Question: What means play stopped because the ball carrier can move forward?
Question: What minimum distance from the sideline does the official place the ball before play starts?
Answer: 24 yards
Question: What is the term for the line across the field where the ball is positioned before a play?
Answer: line of scrimmage
Question: How many players must the team with possession place near the line of scrimmage?
Answer: seven
Question: How close to the line of scrimmage can defensive players approach before a play is run?
Answer: one yard
Question: What is the minimum distance from the defending team does the official place the ball before play?
Question: How many yards must the possessing team place near the line of scrimmage?
Question: How close to the length of the ball can defensive players be before a play?
Question: Where must an official stay until a play has begun again?
Question: What makes a goal line valid?
Question: What is the term for the team who begins a play with control of the ball?
Answer: offence
Question: What is the initial backward movement of the ball in a play called?
Answer: the snap
Question: Which two players most commonly receive the first backward pass in a football play?
Answer: quarterback or punter
Question: What is the term for a team with control of the quarterback?
Question: What is the defence of the ball in play called?
Question: Name a player that commonly receives the first possession of the ball?
Question: How many possessions does each team have in an American game?
Question: What is the running back in possession of the ball called?
Question: How many plays can the offence run without gaining ten yards?
Answer: three
Question: How many downs does a team get after they've gained ten on their first down?
Answer: three
Question: What does a team do when they have not advance the ball enough to score or likely gain a new set of downs?
Answer: punt
Question: What is a forfeit play called?
Question: What must the offence do within 10 yards or forfeit the ball?
Question: What can a team use its 10 yards to gain?
Question: How many field goals does a team get after they've gained ten on their first down?
Question: What does a team do in their position on the field when they haven't advanced the ball enough to score?
Question: What is the term for the player that is currently handing the football when play is underway?
Answer: ball carrier
Question: Within what distance from the line of scrimmage can offensive players who do not have the ball be legally contacted by defensive players?
Answer: one yard
Question: What are two illegal ways to block an opposing player's progress near the line of scrimmage?
Answer: hold or trip
Question: Which player may not be tackled immediately after they have thrown a pass?
Answer: quarterback
Question: What player can be legally tackeled when tripping the player he intends to block?
Question: What player can't be interfered with unless he is within one yard of any player?
Question: Which player may not be contacted after the kick after throwing a pass?
Question: What are two illegal ways to currently be in possession of the ball near the line of scrimmage?
Question: When is the rule applied where the offensive player may not be contacted?
Question: What is the usual penalty when the rules of play are violated?
Answer: loss of yardage
Question: How many yards does a team lose when they commit a minor penalty?
Answer: five
Question: How many yards does a team lose for face-masking?
Answer: 15
Question: What other than yardage is sometimes awarded the offence on a defensive penalty?
Answer: first down
Question: What is the usual penalty when first downs are violated?
Question: How many loss of downs does a team have when they have a more serious penalty?
Question: How many downs are automatically awarded to the offense when a team commits a minor penalty?
Question: What happens when a team commits minor penalty such as face masking?
Question: What other than yardage can be awarded to the offence on the line of scrimmage?
Question: Where is the ball placed when a defensive penalty is committed in their own end zone?
Answer: one-yard line
Question: In which North American style of football is the line of scrimmage never inside the one-yard line?
Answer: Canadian
Question: A play that results in what outcome will never also be a scoring play?
Answer: Penalties
Question: How many penalty yards are awarded when the ball is nearer the goal line than the usual penalty yardage?
Answer: half the distance to the goal line
Question: Who do touchdowns never result in a score for?
Question: When the defense commits penalty yardage in their end zone what happens?
Question: How many penalty yards are given when the ball is nearer the first down than the usual penalty yardage?
Question: What infraction  in the end zone advances the ball half the distance to the goal with an automatic first down?
Question: In American football what can't start inside either one yard line?
Question: A team receiving a punt cannot decline a penalty on which down?
Answer: 3rd down
Question: The outcome of which play determines the placement of the ball when a penalty is declined?
Answer: the previous play
Question: What can a team do when they prefer the original outcome of a play to the situation they would have with a penalty assessed on the other team for that play?
Answer: decline the penalty
Question: Who can decline a previous play?
Question: What will stand as if the 3rd down punt play had not been called?
Question: After the runback is made what happens?
Question: What is an exception to the change of possession for the non-penalized team?
Question: After change of possession, what are assessed against the kicking team or the receiving team?
Question: At which point in a game is the time the offence takes to put the ball in play measured?
Answer: last three minutes of a half
Question: How many seconds elapse before a time count penalty is assessed?
Answer: 20
Question: What is the penalty for a time count on the first two downs?
Answer: loss of down
Question: Who can turn the ball over to the other side if an offensive team incurs too many time count violations?
Answer: referee
Question: How many yards does the offense lose for a time count on third down?
Answer: 10
Question: What is the penalty in American football for not having the down repeated within 20 seconds?
Question: What is the penalty for convert attempts on the first two downs?
Question: For what violation can the referee give the base penalty to the defense?
Question: How many yards does the loss of down lose on third down?
Question: On what down can the 20 second play clock give possession to the defense?
Question: What happens to a quarter whose time expires while the ball is still live in play?
Answer: extended
Question: What causes a quarter to be extended one additional play even if time has run out?
Answer: penalty
Question: How long is a quarter in minutes?
Answer: 15
Question: Which plays do not cause time to run off the clock during the final minutes of a half?
Answer: convert attempts
Question: When does the clock not run when a penalty is pending?
Question: If a quarter's time expires while the ball is pending how long is the quarter extended?
Question: When can't a scrimmage end?
Question: What does the losing team have the option to do?
Question: What is the name of the plays where the clock doesn't run near the end of a half?
Question: What determines which team gets possession first when extending a game to break a tie?
Answer: coin toss
Question: At which yard line on their opponent's side does a team take possession of the ball according to the CFL's tie-breaking rules?
Answer: 35
Question: In which year did the CFL begin requiring teams to attempt 2-point conversions after scoring in a tie-breaking situation?
Answer: 2010
Question: Which round of tie-breaking is the last possible round in a regular season CFL game?
Answer: second
Question: Which CFL games require tie-breaking rounds continue until a winner results?
Answer: playoff or championship
Question: After teams have completed their 2 point conversions, who is declared the winner?
Question: If a game is tied at the end of a touchdown, what determines who takes possession?
Question: After the coin toss if there is no winner during regular season what happens?
Question: What is a team required to do after having a possession in the 2010 season?
Question: In the 2010 season if a game is tied what can each team do?
Question: What countries led the two coalitions during the Seven Years' War?
Answer: two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France
Question: When was the Seven Year' War fought?
Answer: The Seven Years' War was fought between 1755 and 1764
Question: What major power of the time was not involved in The Seven Years' War?
Answer: It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire
Question: What country emerged as the world's predominate power?
Answer: Britain rose as the world's predominant power
Question: What was the Seven Years' War considered as the prelude to?
Answer: Considered a prelude to the two world wars
Question: Who made the first strike of the Seven Years' War?
Answer: Prussia preemptively struck
Question: What area was the site of the first action in the Seven Years' War
Answer: Saxony
Question: What country allied with Prussia?
Answer: Prussia's alliance with Britain
Question: What was the initial country to ally with France?
Answer: Austria formed an alliance with France
Question: The smaller German states joined which side?
Answer: Anglo-Prussian alliance was joined by smaller German states
Question: With whom did the Dutch Republic align?
Answer: The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact
Question: Which side of the coalitions did Naples, Sicily and Savoy join?
Answer: Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power
Question: How did the war impact the Russian population?
Answer: The taxation needed for war caused the Russian people considerable hardship
Question: What items had already been taxed by Russian Empress Elizabeth?
Answer: being added to the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759
Question: What two countries concluded a separate peace with Prussia?
Answer: Like Sweden, Russia concluded a separate peace with Prussia.
Question: Why did Denmark-Norway remain neutral rather than assisting its longtime ally, Britain?
Answer: The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe
Question: What did Russian Empress Elizabeth use the proceeds of the tax on salt and alcohol for?
Answer: the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace.
Question: Why did Naples remain neutral?
Answer: Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power
Question: Who would Sicily and Savoy normally align with?
Answer: Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party
Question: What did Britain gain in North America from the war?
Answer: Great Britain, which gained the bulk of New France in North America, Spanish Florida
Question: What did Great Britain gain in the West Indies from the war?
Answer: some individual Caribbean islands in the West Indies,
Question: What did Great Britain gain in Africa from the war?
Answer: the colony of Senegal on the West African coast
Question: What happened to the scope of France's colonies as a result of the war?
Answer: France was deprived of many of its colonies
Question: How did the war impact France financially?
Answer: had saddled itself with heavy war debts that its inefficient financial system could barely handle
Question: What is the grandest label that historians have used to describe the  Seven Years' War?
Answer: The war has been described as the first "world war"
Question: What does the term "Second Hundred Years' War" describe?
Answer: The term "Second Hundred Years' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century,
Question: What is the precedent for the "Second Hundred Year's War?
Answer: reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century
Question: What was a later conflict that some considered the first World War?
Answer: to later conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars
Question: What was Sweden's motivation to join the war?
Answer: Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions,
Question: What country did Spain invade?
Answer: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal
Question: When did Spain invade?
Answer: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal in 1762
Question: What was the result of the invasion by Spain?
Answer: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion
Question: What region did Austria hope to recapture?
Answer: Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war
Question: What did Great Britain gain with respect to the French trading outposts on the subcontinent of India?
Answer: superiority over the French trading outposts
Question: What was the result for the Native American tribes?
Answer: The Native American tribes were excluded from the settlement
Question: What did the Native American tribes accomplish in the later Pontiac's War?
Answer: ; a subsequent conflict, known as Pontiac's War, was also unsuccessful in returning them to their pre-war status.
Question: What were two factors that redeemed the outcome for the Prussians?
Answer: good luck and successful strategy
Question: Who was the leader of Prussia?
Answer: King Frederick the Great
Question: Who was the traditional partner with Great Britain at the beginning of the conflict?
Answer: Great Britain and Austria, had coalesced
Question: What was the major gain by Great Britain by having Austria as it ally?
Answer: British subsidies to Austria had produced nothing of much help to the British
Question: What was gained or lost by Austria?
Answer: British military effort had not saved Silesia for Austria
Question: Did the loss of Silesia by Austria intensify its battle with Prussia?
Answer: . Prussia, having secured Silesia, had come to terms with Austria
Question: What alliances were formed in the "diplomatic reversal"?
Answer: The collapse of that system and the aligning of France with Austria and of Great Britain with Prussia constituted what is known as the “diplomatic revolution”
Question: What Russian-Austrian agreement preceded the Seven Years War that started in 1755-56?
Answer: June 2, 1746, Austria and Russia concluded a defensive alliance that covered their own territory and Poland against attack by Prussia or the Ottoman Empire
Question: According to the Russian-Austrian pact of 1746, what would happen to Silesia in the event of hostilities with Prussia?
Answer: They also agreed to a secret clause that promised the restoration of Silesia and the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria
Question: What other area was mentioned regarding Prussian dominion in the Russian-Austrian pact?
Answer: the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria
Question: What individual was the main target of the pact?
Answer: Their real desire, however, was to destroy Frederick’s power altogether
Question: Why couldn't Petrovich persuade Austria to invade Prussia?
Answer: he could not persuade Austrian statesman Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz to commit to offensive designs against Prussia
Question: Name two diverse geographies that king George II had to protect.
Answer: his commitments in Germany were counterbalanced by the demands of the British colonies overseas
Question: How anxious was France to assist Prussia to take over Hanover?
Answer: it had no desire to divert forces to central Europe for Prussia's interest.
Question: Why would France want to invade Hanover?
Answer: France was very much interested in colonial expansion and was willing to exploit the vulnerability of Hanover in war against Great Britain
Question: What was Britain's obligation to Hanover if colonial expansion via war with France was to be resumed?
Answer: Hanover had to be secured against Franco-Prussian attack
Question: What was the objective of le Secret du roi?
Answer: goal of pursuing personal political objectives that were often at odds with France’s publicly stated policies
Question: Who did King Louis XV want on the Polish throne?
Answer: his kinsman Louis François de Bourbon, prince de Conti,
Question: What was King Louis XV's secret ambition for Sweden and Turkey?
Answer: Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian and Austrian interests
Question: What French official was kept in the dark about le Secret du roi?
Answer: Unbeknownst to his foreign minister,
Question: What countries did King Louis XV want keep in his sphere of influence to thwart the interests of Russia?
Answer: Poland, Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian
Question: What two geographies did Frederick want for Prussia?
Answer: Saxony and Polish west Prussia
Question: What country would refuse support if Frederick wen to war for Saxony and west Prussia?
Answer: could not expect French support
Question: What was his concern about trying take Hanover from the British?
Answer: he might fall victim to an Austro-Russian attack
Question: What kept Augustus III from consolidating Saxony and Poland?
Answer: the two territories were physically separated by Brandenburg and Silesia
Question: Who was Poland's ancient ally?
Answer: Poland, despite its union with the ancient lands of Lithuania,
Question: What country was pleased that Britain used its Hanover vote to elect Joseph as Te Holy Roman Emperor?
Answer: Austria
Question: What country and person were displeased that Britain used it Hanover vote to elect Joseph as the Holy Roman Emporer?
Answer: Frederick and Prussia
Question: What was the French view about the dismemberment of Prussia?
Answer: saw the complete dismemberment of Prussia as unacceptable to the stability of Central Europe.
Question: What was a major objective of Britain in joining the Austro-Russian alliance?
Answer: to protect Hanover's interests against France.
Question: What was Kaunitz's objective with the French?
Answer: Kaunitz kept approaching the French in the hope of establishing such alliance with Austria
Question: What was Kaunitz of Austria willing to trade for French help in capturing Silesia?
Answer: willing to trade Austrian Netherlands for France's aid
Question: What did Russia use Britain's money for?
Answer: to station 50,000 troops on the Livonian-Lithunian border, so they could defend Britain's interests in Hanover
Question: What countries teamed together at the Convention of Westminster?
Answer: Britain and Prussia
Question: When was the Convention of Westminster signed?
Answer: January 16, 1756
Question: Why was Beshuzev happy to put the troops on the Livonian-Lithunian border?
Answer: Besthuzev, assuming the preparation was directed against Prussia,
Question: What was the response of Empress Elizabeth of Russia to the English-Prussian agreement?
Answer: Empress Elizabeth of Russia was outraged
Question: Why was France mad at the British-Prussian agreement?
Answer: France was so enraged, and terrified, by the sudden betrayal of its only ally. Austria,
Question: France was now in a desperate position, what did they do?
Answer: France was forced to accede to the Austro-Russian alliance
Question: Who were the parties to the treaty of Versailles?
Answer: Austria, particularly Kaunitz, used this situation to their utmost advantage. The now-isolated France
Question: How many troops did Austria and France pledge to defend each other?
Answer: 24.000 troops
Question: Where did the French build Fort Duquesne?
Answer: the Forks" where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River
Question: What city is now located where Fort Duquesne was built?
Answer: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Question: Were the British successful in stopping the building of Fort Duquesne?
Answer: British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful
Question: Who led the British militia to drive the French out of Fort Duquesne?
Answer: Led by George Washington
Question: Where did the French for General George Washington's surrender?
Answer: Fort Necessity
Question: What was the result of the British attack on Ft Duquesne?
Answer: the expedition ended in disastrous defeat
Question: Who led the British assault on Ft. Duquesne?
Answer: British Major General Edward Braddock
Question: What was the result of the naval encounter between Britain and France?
Answer: Admiral Edward Boscawen fired on the French ship Alcide on 8 June 1755, capturing it and two troop ships
Question: Who won the Battle of Lake George?
Answer: inconclusive
Question: How much effort did France put into wars to defend its colonies?
Answer: It would let colonies defend themselves or would offer only minimal help
Question: Identify a major factor in this feckless strategy by France of not defending its colonies with enthusiasm?
Answer: geography, coupled with the superiority of the British navy, made it difficult
Question: Why did the French rulers need a large domestic army?
Answer: several long land borders made an effective domestic army imperative
Question: In treaty negotiations, what trades did France hope to make.
Answer: in treaty negotiations, to trade territorial acquisitions in Europe to regain lost overseas possessions.
Question: How much success did France have in adding European territory with this approach?
Answer: France had few counterbalancing European successes.
Question: How did the British avoid having large contingents of troops in continental Europe?
Answer: allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies,
Question: Identify an advantage that Britain had during the Seven Year's War.
Answer: Britain could turn London's enormous financial power to military advantage
Question: Who led the armies supporting British interests in central Europe?
Answer: Frederick the Great of Prussia
Question: What country was driven into an alliance with France by the British pairing with Prussia?
Answer: leaving Austria to side with France
Question: How did the British behave in defending their colonies compared to the French approach?
Answer: In marked contrast to France, Britain strove to prosecute the war actively in the colonies
Question: What was the grand strategy of prime minister William Pitt?
Answer: a grand strategy of seizing the entire French Empire
Question: What locations did Pitt want from France?
Answer: North America and India
Question: What was Pitt's primary military advantage?
Answer: Britain's main weapon was the Royal Navy
Question: How did Pitt plan to augment the British regular troops?
Answer: He also planned to use colonial forces from the Thirteen American colonies
Question: How did Pitt's strategy affect Britain's future plans?
Answer: even after that the British continued his strategy
Question: What was the reason that the British Prime Minister thought that ware in Europe could be prevented?
Answer: the new series of alliances could prevent war from breaking out in Europe
Question: What country initiated conflict?
Answer: the French opened the campaign against the British by an attack on Minorca
Question: What was the result for Admiral Byng?
Answer: Admiral Byng was court-martialed and executed
Question: When was war declared between Britain and France?
Answer: War between Britain and France had been formally declared on 18 May
Question: How did the timing of the declaration of war compare to the conflicts in North America between Britain and France?
Answer: nearly two years after fighting had broken out in the Ohio Country.
Question: How did Frederick II of Prussia respond to news of British and French clashes in North America?
Answer: he led Prussian troops across the border of Saxony
Question: What country was Saxony aligned with?
Answer: Saxony, one of the small German states in league with Austria
Question: Fpr what possession of Prussia was the Saxony invasion a distraction?
Answer: pre-emption of an anticipated Austro-French invasion of Silesia
Question: What was one goal of the invasion of Saxony?
Answer: he would seize Saxony and eliminate it as a threat to Prussia
Question: What was another goal of the invasion of Saxony?
Answer: to advance into Bohemia where he might set up winter quarters at Austria's expense
Question: How did Frederick protect Silesia when he went to invade Saxony?
Answer: leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary
Question: How did Frederick protect East Prussia when he went to invade Saxony?
Answer: leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east
Question: Describe the command of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick.
Answer: a column of about 15,000 men
Question: Describe the command of the Duke ofBrunswich-Bevern.
Answer: a column of 18,000 men
Question: Describe the command of Field Marshall James Keith 
Answer: a corps of 30,000 troops.
Question: How much resistance did Frederick encounter in Saxon?
Answer: Saxon and Austrian armies were unprepared, and their forces were scattered.
Question: What reinforcements were the Saxons expecting?
Answer: Frederick prevented the isolated Saxon army from being reinforced by an Austrian army under General Browne
Question: What happened to the Saxon army?
Answer: Saxon army surrendered in October 1756, and was forcibly incorporated into the Prussian army
Question: What characteristic of Saxony caused Europe to be mad?
Answer: attack on neutral Saxony caused outrage
Question: What was the result of the fury of Europe?
Answer: led to the strengthening of the anti-Prussian coalition
Question: How did Britain Protect Hanover?
Answer: combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover
Question: How did the British support Prussia?
Answer: shipping supplies and ₤670,000
Question: Why did the Dutch reject Britain's offer to join the alliance?
Answer: the Dutch wished to remain fully neutral
Question: Who had done better, the Prussians in Europe or the Brits in North America?
Answer: successful for the Prussian-led forces on the continent, in contrast to disappointing British campaigns in North America.
Question: Who led the force to defend Hanover?
Answer: under the command of the Duke of Cumberland
Question: Where did the Austrians retreat in May of 1757?
Answer: the fortifications of Prague
Question: Who led the Prussian assault on Prague in 1757
Answer: Frederick II
Question: What were casualties like in the 1757 battle in Prague?
Answer: both forces suffered major casualties
Question: Why did Frederick reduce his manpower at Prague?
Answer: Frederick took 5,000 troops from the siege at Prague and sent them to reinforce the 19,000-man army under the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern at Kolin in Bohemia
Question: How did Austrian Marshall Daun reverse the situation at Prague?
Answer: picked up 16,000 men who had escaped from the battle. With this army he slowly moved to relieve Prague.
Question: What led to the defeat of the Prussians at Memel?
Answer: five days of artillery bombardment
Question: How did the Russians used the captured Memel?
Answer: used Memel as a base to invade East Prussia
Question: What caused the Russians based in Memel to be successful deeper into Prussia?
Answer: defeated a smaller Prussian force
Question: What was Frederick's response to the Russian invasion?
Answer: he was now forced to withdraw further into Prussian-controlled territory
Question: What additional country felt emboldened to invade Prussia?
Answer: Sweden
Question: What were reasons that the late 1757 time frame looked bad for Prussia?
Answer: the Austrians mobilising to attack Prussian-controlled soil and a French army under Soubise approaching from the west
Question: What was the initial result of the French invasion?
Answer: Frederick devastated Prince Soubise's French force at the Battle of Rossbach on 5 November 1757
Question: What was the result of the Austrian invasion?
Answer: then routed a vastly superior Austrian force at the Battle of Leuthen on 5 December 1757
Question: Name the four opponents of Prussia.
Answer: (France from the West, Austria from the South, Russia from the East and Sweden from the North)
Question: What German areas were beginning to oppose Prussia?
Answer: a number of smaller German states such as Bavaria had been established under Austrian leadership
Question: What Hanoverian leader lost the Battle of Hastenbeck?
Answer: Cumberland
Question: What country won the battle at Hanover?
Answer: French
Question: How would one describe the future participation of Hanover?
Answer: Convention removed Hanover and Brunswick from the war
Question: How did Frederick respond to the defeat at Hanover?
Answer: Frederick sent urgent requests to Britain for more substantial assistance
Question: Why did Ferdinand feel comfortable withdrawing troops from the eastern front?
Answer: Calculating that no further Russian advance was likely until 1758
Question: What was the result of Prussian resistance to Sweden?
Answer: the Prussian army drove the Swedes back, occupied most of Swedish Pomerania
Question: What area of Sweden was occupied by Prussia?
Answer: occupied most of Swedish Pomerania
Question: What favorable developments occurred for Prussia in Hanover?
Answer: Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, regrouped his army and launched a series of offensives that drove the French back across the River Rhine.
Question: What political development shaped the policy of the British?
Answer: successive governments led by Newcastle and Pitt had fallen. In August 1757, the two men agreed to a political partnership and formed a coalition
Question: What Hungarian general humiliated the Prussians?
Answer: Count András Hadik
Question: What city did Hadik occupy?
Answer: occupied part of their capital, Berlin, for one night
Question: How was Berlin spared?
Answer: city was spared for a negotiated ransom of 200,000 thalers
Question: What was Frederick's response to the occupation by Hadik?
Answer: he immediately sent a larger force to free the city
Question: How did Hadik respond to the Frederick force?
Answer: Hadik, however, left the city with his Hussars and safely reached the Austrian lines
Question: Where did Frederick invade in 1758
Answer: Frederick launched an invasion of Moravia
Question: What city did Frederick lay siege to?
Answer: Olmütz
Question: What turned the battle for Olmutz against Frederick?
Answer: Austrian victory at the Battle of Domstadtl that wiped out a supply convoy destined for Olmütz,
Question: How did Frederick respond to the loss of a supply convoy?
Answer: Frederick broke off the siege and withdrew from Moravia.
Question: What was the annual financial commitment by Britain to Frederick?
Answer: an annual subsidy of £670,000
Question: How did Britain assist the defense of Hanover?
Answer: Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army
Question: Who did Ferdinand repel from Ha nover?
Answer: the French
Question: What caused alarm in France?
Answer: re-captured the port of Emden in March 1758 before crossing the Rhine with his own forces
Question: Did Ferdinand permanently occupy France?
Answer: he was compelled by the successful manoeuvering of larger French forces to withdraw across the Rhine
Question: How did Frederick respond to the Russian occupation of east Prussia?
Answer: marched to counter it.
Question: How large a force did Frederick send against the occupying Russians?
Answer: 35,000 men
Question: How many Russians were in defense?
Answer: Russian army of 43,000
Question: Which army withdrew?
Answer: the Russians withdrew
Question: What country was Prussia fighting on another front?
Answer: Swedish
Question: What Austrian General surprised the Prussian at Hochkirch?
Answer: Marshal Daun
Question: What was the major loss for Prussia at Hochkirch?
Answer: lost much of his artillery
Question: Why was Frederick able to retreat successfully?
Answer: retreated in good order, helped by dense woods
Question: What was the result of the victory for the Austrians?
Answer: The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough
Question: How did the Austrian troops spend the winter?
Answer: , Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter
Question: How did the Prussian army perform in 1759/
Answer: 1759 saw several Prussian defeats
Question: How would one characterize the encounter with the Russian army in 1757?
Answer: 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians
Question: What happened at Minden in 1757?
Answer: the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French
Question: What was the result of the Battle of Maxen?
Answer: Austrian general Daun forced the surrender of an entire Prussian corps of 13,000
Question: What happened to Frederick's army at the Battle at Kunersdorf?
Answer: Frederick himself lost half his army
Question: Where was the planned invasion of Britain by France?
Answer: near the mouth of the Loire
Question: How did the French plan to transport their troops to Britain for the invasion?
Answer: their Brest and Toulon fleets
Question: What happened to the French Mediterranean fleet?
Answer: the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a larger British fleet
Question: What happened to the French Brest fleet?
Answer: caught the French Brest fleet with 21 ships of the line under Marshal de Conflans and sank, captured, or forced many of them aground
Question: With the loss of the two fleets, how did the French get their troops to Britain for the invasion?
Answer: putting an end to the French plans.
Question: Identify a success of the Austrians?
Answer: the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz
Question: Where is Glatz
Answer: Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia
Question: What was outstanding about Frederick's victory in the Battle of Liegnitz?
Answer: outnumbered three to one
Question: Who led the Russian occupation of Berlin?
Answer: General Saltykov
Question: Why was Frederick's defeat of Daun so costly?
Answer: he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order.
Question: Identify a second new country that joined the war in 1762?
Answer: Portugal
Question: Was Portugal on the side of France or Britain?
Answer: Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side
Question: What city was captured in the first Spain-Portugal conflict?
Answer: . Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida
Question: Britain sent troops to aid Portugal.  What was the result?
Answer: the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain
Question: How did the Prussians slow the advance of the Russians?
Answer: the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them
Question: What was the size of one of the Prussian victories against the Russians?
Answer: . One of them, led by general Platen in September resulted in the loss of 2,000 Russians, mostly captured, and the destruction of 5,000 wagons
Question: Identify a major Prussian loss to the Russians
Answer: Russians under Zakhar Chernyshev and Pyotr Rumyantsev stormed Kolberg in Pomerania
Question: identify a major Prussian loss to the Austrians.
Answer: the Austrians captured Schweidnitz.
Question: What was the concern about Prussia in Britain?
Answer: . In Britain, it was speculated that a total Prussian collapse was now imminent.
Question: Britain tried to influence Prussia to take what action?
Answer: offering concessions to secure peace
Question: How many troops did Frederick have left?
Answer: 60,000 men
Question: What development in Russia assisted Prussia?
Answer: Russian Empress Elizabeth died. Her Prussophile successor, Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin
Question: What changed the Prussian relationship with Sweden?
Answer: Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin (see: the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)) and mediated Frederick's truce with Sweden
Question: What was the unexpected action by Peter III that helped Frederick?
Answer: He also placed a corps of his own troops under Frederick's command
Question: In 1763 what was the status of Frederick?
Answer: his kingdom was devastated and his army severely weakened
Question: In 1763 what was the status of Austria?
Answer: facing a severe financial crisis and had to decrease the size of its army
Question: What had happened to Frederick's financial help from Britain?
Answer: British subsidies had been stopped by the new Prime Minister Lord Bute
Question: What had happened to Frederick's extra troops from Russia?
Answer: Catherine, who ended Russia's alliance with Prussia and withdrew from the war
Question: What was the result of the weakening of both Prussia and Austria?
Answer: In 1763 a peace settlement was reached at the Treaty of Hubertusburg, ending the war in central Europe.
Question: What was the style of William Pitt's warfare?
Answer: saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise
Question: What action did Pitt take against France in 1758?
Answer: The army landed on 5 June 1758 at Cancalle Bay
Question: How did the invading British army do at St. Malo?
Answer: it would take prolonged siege to capture it, instead attacked the nearby port of St. Servan
Question: What damage was done at the alternate site?
Answer: It burned shipping in the harbor, roughly 80 French privateers and merchantmen, as well as four warships which were under construction
Question: How did the British invaders respond to the arrival of French relief forces?
Answer: the expedition returned having damaged French privateering
Question: Who decided to send British troops into Germany?
Answer: Pitt now prepared to send troops into Germany;
Question: Who led the invasion troops?
Answer: The elderly General Bligh
Question: Where did the troops land?
Answer: Cherbourg
Question: Was the landing successful?
Answer: the army drove off the French force detailed to oppose their landing, captured Cherbourg,
Question: How did the British treat Cherbourg?
Answer: destroyed its fortifications, docks, and shipping.
Question: What stopped the planned siege at St. Malo?
Answer: Worsening weather
Question: How did the fleet respond to the bad weather?
Answer: the ships sailed for the safer anchorage of St. Cast
Question: How did the army get to the new anchorage location?
Answer: the army proceeded overland.
Question: What happened to the British army?
Answer: a French force of 10,000 from Brest to catch up with him and open fire on the reembarkation troops
Question: How did the British army escape
Answer: A rear-guard of 1,400 under General Dury held off the French while the rest of the army embarked
Question: What island did Great Britain lose in 1756?
Answer: Great Britain lost Minorca in the Mediterranean to the French in 1756
Question: What possession did the French lose to the Brits in 1758
Answer: captured the French colonies in Senegal in 1758
Question: Identify the French colonies lost  to the British in 1759 and 1762.
Answer: The British Royal Navy took the French sugar colonies of Guadeloupe in 1759 and Martinique in 1762
Question: What success did the British have in Cuba?
Answer: Spanish cities of Havana in Cuba
Question: What other colony was taken by the British from Spain?
Answer: Manila in the Philippines
Question: Who were the Seven Nations of Canada?
Answer: These were Native Americans of the Laurentian valley
Question: Which tribe was the enemy of the Seven Nations of Canada?
Answer: the Seven Nations were interested in fighting against the Iroquois
Question: How much help did the Seven Nations give the French in the Ohio Valley?
Answer: the Seven Nations were not directly concerned with the fate of the Ohio River Valley
Question: Who was the European partner of the Iroquois?
Answer: The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British
Question: How valuable was the Iroquois alliance with Britain?
Answer: The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British but did not play a large role in the war
Question: Who assisted the French in taking forts Oswego and William Henry?
Answer: France's native allies
Question: How did France's native allies treat the British prisoners?
Answer: slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women and children
Question: How did the French guard respond to the attack on the prisoners?
Answer: the French refused to protect their captives
Question: How did the French defend the Fortress of Louisbourg?
Answer: French naval deployments
Question: What Canadian area had is seaward side protected by the defense of the Fortress of Louisbourg?
Answer: securing the seaward approaches to Quebec.
Question: How did the British assure numerical superiority in taking Louisbourg?
Answer: French reinforcements were blocked by British naval victory in the Battle of Cartagena
Question: Identify two other French possessions captured by the British.
Answer: Fort Duquesne and Fort Frontenac
Question: Who did the British deport from Lie Saint-Jean?
Answer: the Acadian population
Question: What is Lie Saint-Jean called today?
Answer: Île Saint-Jean (present-day Prince Edward Island)
Question: How much were the French outnumbered at the Battle of Carillion?
Answer: 4,000 French troops repulsed 16,000 British
Question: Which country enjoyed the most success in battles in North America in 1759
Answer: All of Britain's campaigns against New France succeeded in 1759
Question: What two forts fell on the same day in 1758?
Answer: Fort Niagara and Fort Carillon on 8 July 1758 fell to sizable British forces