huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: Which mountain marked the starting point of the Tennessee border described by the state constitution?
Answer: Stone Mountain
Question: When Tennessee's border was first defined, territory west of which river was considered for future annexation?
Answer: Mississippi River
Question: Which US President oversaw the forced westward relocation of Cherokees beginning in 1838?
Answer: Martin Van Buren
Question: How many Cherokee-owned black slaves were also relocated between 1838 and 1839?
Answer: 2,000
Question: What Cherokee phrase means "the trail where we cried?"
Answer: Nunna daul Isunyi
Question: Which Native American nation's emigration was first associated with the term "Trail of Tears?"
Answer: Choctaw
Question: Approximately how many Cherokees died along their "Trail of Tears?"
Answer: 4,000
Question: Which Tennessee governor championed secession in February of 1861?
Answer: Isham Harris
Question: Which area of Tennessee was most resistant to secession?
Answer: East Tennessee
Question: What percentage of voters voted against secession in Tennessee's February 1861 referendum?
Answer: 54
Question: On which date did Tennessee enter a military alliance with the Confederacy?
Answer: May 7, 1861
Question: Which region of Tennessee swung in favor of secession in the June 1861 referendum?
Answer: Middle Tennessee
Question: Which Union commander seized control of the Tennessee River in February 1862?
Answer: Ulysses S. Grant
Question: During which month in 1862 did Union forces capture Memphis?
Answer: June
Question: Union control of Middle Tennessee was reaffirmed by what battle in January 1863?
Answer: Battle of Murfreesboro
Question: Which county in East Tennessee was more supportive of the Confederacy than its neighbors?
Answer: Sullivan County
Question: Which Confederate general failed to capture the Union fort at Knoxville?
Answer: James Longstreet
Question: Which Union general broke the Confederate siege of Chattanooga in November 1863?
Answer: Grant
Question: Which Confederate general launched an attack on Chattanooga from Perryville, KY?
Answer: Braxton Bragg
Question: Which battle did Confederate General Longstreet win in East Tennessee?
Answer: Battle of Bean's Station
Question: Up to how many former slaves began fighting with for the Union after the Emancipation Proclamation?
Answer: 200,000
Question: Which edict freed slaves across most of the Confederacy, but technically not Tennessee?
Answer: Emancipation Proclamation
Question: Who was elected Vice President of the United States in 1864?
Answer: Andrew Johnson
Question: Which Confederate state's representation was readmitted to Congress first?
Answer: Tennessee
Question: On which date were Tennessee's elected representatives restored to their offices in Washington D.C.?
Answer: July 24, 1866
Question: Their ratification of which Amendment spared Tennessee a military governor during Reconstruction?
Answer: Fourteenth
Question: In which year did Andrew Johnson become President?
Answer: 1865
Question: Who were targeted by restrictive laws passed in Southern states at the end of the 19th century?
Answer: African Americans
Question: In which year did the Tennessee General Assembly pass electoral reform laws that disenfranchised most African Americans in the state?
Answer: 1889
Question: Who besides African Americans were victims of Tennessee's late-19th century electoral reform?
Answer: poor Whites
Question: What is the name for laws dating from the late-19th century which promoted segregation?
Answer: Jim Crow laws
Question: Approximately how many African Americans lived in Tennessee in 1900?
Answer: 480,430
Question: Who was elected governor of Tennessee in 2002?
Answer: Phil Bredesen
Question: Which Tennessee Senator was the only Republican first-time Senator elected in 2006?
Answer: Bob Corker
Question: Who was the first Republican Speaker of the Tennessee state senate since Democrats took control in the Reconstruction era?
Answer: Ron Ramsey
Question: Which political party did the majority of conservative Tennessee voters support in the early 20th century?
Answer: Democratic
Question: What was Tennessee's estimated population in 2015?
Answer: 6,600,299
Question: What percentage population increase did Tennessee experience between 2010 and 2015?
Answer: 4.01%
Question: How much of Tennessee's population increase between 2010 and 2015 was due to migration?
Answer: 219,551
Question: In 2008, what percentage of Tennessee residents were born outside the South?
Answer: Twenty percent
Question: What net population increase during Tennessee's last two US Census reports was due to immigration from outside the country?
Answer: 59,385
Question: What was Tennessee's most common self-reported ethnic group in 2000?
Answer: American
Question: What percent of Tennessee residents self-reported their ethnic group as Irish in 2000?
Answer: 9.3%
Question: Which European ancestries are most common among self-identified ethnic "Americans" in Tennessee?
Answer: English and Scotch-Irish
Question: What European national ancestry was claimed by 45% of Tennessee residents in 1980?
Answer: English
Question: What was Tennessee's population in 1980?
Answer: 3,221,354
Question: Which Tennessee city contains the headquarters of the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy?
Answer: Cleveland
Question: The principle Bible college of the Free Will Baptists is located in which Tennessee city?
Answer: Nashville
Question: Which two major Protestant denominations are based in Memphis?
Answer: Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church
Question: Roughly how many farms are located in Tennesee?
Answer: 82,000
Question: Which livestock is the major focus of Tennessee agriculture?
Answer: beef cattle
Question: When did cotton first become a large-scale agricultural product in Tennessee?
Answer: 1820s
Question: Which river landform partly in Tennessee provided the most fertile land for cotton production?
Answer: Mississippi Delta
Question: Where is Nissan Motor Company's headquarters in the United States?
Answer: Franklin
Question: Which company has a $2 billion production plant in Bradley County?
Answer: Wacker Chemie
Question: Hemlock Semiconductor produces electronic components in which Tennessee city?
Answer: Clarksville
Question: Which major global shipping company is based in Memphis?
Answer: FedEx
Question: What types of income are exempt from Tennessee state income tax?
Answer: salaries and wages
Question: At what rate is Tennessee state sales and use tax usually applied?
Answer: 7%
Question: Above which amount is inheritance tax applied in Tennessee?
Answer: $1,000,000
Question: What is the sales tax on foodstuffs in Tennessee?
Answer: 5.25%
Question: Which edible items are taxed at the higher non-food sales and use tax rate in Tennessee?
Answer: candy, dietary supplements and prepared food
Question: In which year did Tennessee tourism first exceed 100 million visitors?
Answer: 2014
Question: How many billions of dollars were spend by tourists in Tennessee in 2014?
Answer: 17.7
Question: How much tax revenue did tourism generate for Tennessee in 2014?
Answer: $1.5 billion
Question: In 2014, which three Tennessee counties took in the most money from tourism?
Answer: Davidson, Shelby, and Sevier
Question: What was the percentage increase in Tennessee's tourism-based jobs in 2014?
Answer: 2.8%
Question: What percentage of out-of-state tourists stayed in Tennessee for four or more nights?
Answer: 11%
Question: What average daily amount did a tourist spend in Tennessee in 2013?
Answer: $118
Question: What percentage of Tennessee tourists daily spending in 2013 went toward accommodation?
Answer: 17%
Question: In which state do the greatest percentage of Tennessee tourists reside?
Answer: Tennessee
Question: I-24 connects which two Tennessee cities?
Answer: Chattanooga to Clarksville
Question: Which interstate highway running north-south passes through Memphis?
Answer: Interstate 55
Question: Which interstate ends at a junction close to Dandridge, Tennessee?
Answer: Interstate 81
Question: What Tennessee cities are connected by I-269?
Answer: Millington to Collierville
Question: Which part of Tennessee voted more Republican in the years following the Civil War?
Answer: eastern
Question: What type of farmers inhabited eastern Tennessee in the late 19th century?
Answer: yeoman
Question: Which crops grown in West Tennessee had required a great deal of slave labor?
Answer: tobacco and cotton
Question: Which party did most former slaves join when they were given the right to vote after the Civil War?
Answer: Republican
Question: In which decade did the Tennessee legislature institute a poll tax?
Answer: 1880s
Question: Which party declined in Tennessee politics following voting reform legislation during Reconstruction?
Answer: Republican
Question: What percentage of the Tennessee population was African-American in 1900?
Answer: 23.8
Question: In 1913, the Tennessee state legislature made which organizational structure the default form of city government in the state?
Answer: Board of Commission
Question: Which Republican presidential candidate did Tennessee support in 1920?
Answer: Warren G. Harding
Question: What religion was the Democratic presidential candidate that Tennessee voted against in 1928?
Answer: Catholic
Question: How many times has Tennessee supported Democratic presidential candidates in the general elections since the 1950s?
Answer: four
Question: Which Republican won the Presidency while carrying Tennessee in 1928?
Answer: Herbert Hoover
Question: In 1960, what group made up 16.45% of Tennessee's population?
Answer: African Americans
Question: What Congressional Act fully re-enfranchised African-American in Tennessee?
Answer: Voting Rights Act of 1965
Question: Which Republican Senator's 1970 victory showed the Republican Party's renewed competitiveness in Tennessee?
Answer: Bill Brock
Question: Which constituency has become the Republican Party's staunchest supporters in Tennessee?
Answer: white conservatives
Question: Which Republican was elected Tennessee Governor in 1970?
Answer: Winfield Dunn
Question: Which two Tennessee cities are most supportive of the Democratic Party?
Answer: Nashville and Memphis
Question: Which Tennessee city has the largest African-American population?
Answer: Memphis
Question: Which two eastern Tennessee congressional districts have the longest track record of favoring Republican candidates?
Answer: 1st and 2nd
Question: Since which year has Tennessee's 1st congressional district voted overwhelmingly Republican?
Answer: 1881
Question: Which two Tennessee metropolitan areas have been most supportive of the Republican Party?
Answer: Tri-Cities and Knoxville
Question: Which Democratic candidate lost his own state in the 2000 general election?
Answer: Al Gore
Question: By what percentage of the popular vote did George W. Bush carry Tennessee in 2004?
Answer: 14%
Question: Democratic presidential candidates from which region's states have fared best in recent Tennessee history?
Answer: Southern
Question: Which 2000 presidential candidate was a former US Senator from Tennessee?
Answer: Al Gore
Question: Which 1962 US Supreme Court ruling forced states to realign their voting districts to reflect census findings? 
Answer: Baker v. Carr
Question: What phrase expresses the Supreme Court's 1962 decision that population overrules geographic consideration in election districting?
Answer: one man, one vote
Question: A bias in Tennessee politics favoring which type of geographical district gave rise to the Baker v. Carr Supreme Court case?
Answer: rural
Question: Which type of geographical district became more powerful in Tennessee politics following the 1962 Supreme Court decision?
Answer: urban
Question: Which Tennessee agency enforces state wildlife regulations outside of parks?
Answer: TWRA
Question: What is the acronym for Tennessee's statewide criminal investigation agency?
Answer: TBI
Question: Who provides law enforcement within Tennessee's state parks?
Answer: Tennessee State Park Rangers
Question: Each Tennessee county must elect which law enforcement official?
Answer: Sheriff
Question: Who is in charge of policing Tennessee counties' unincorporated areas?
Answer: County Sheriff
Question: Who polices incorporated areas of Tennessee's counties?
Answer: Municipal Police Departments
Question: What proportion of Tennessee counties recognize their Sheriff as their head law enforcement official?
Answer: 94 of the 95
Question: In which year was electrocution introduced as Tennessee's method of execution?
Answer: 1916
Question: How many prisoners did Tennessee execute between 1916 and 1960?
Answer: 125
Question: How many inmates has Tennessee executed since 2000?
Answer: six
Question: How many death row inmates were awaiting executing in Tennessee in April 2015?
Answer: 73
Question: What is the nickname of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville athletic teams?
Answer: Volunteers
Question: In which year did the University of Tennessee begin competing in the Southeastern Conference of the NCAA?
Answer: 1932
Question: How many college football bowl championships have the Tennessee Volunteers won?
Answer: 25
Question: What is the farthest the Tennessee Volunteers have progressed in the NCAA men's basketball tournament?
Answer: Elite Eight
Question: How many national titles has the Tennessee Volunteers women's basketball team claimed?
Answer: 8
Question: When did post-punk arrive on the scene?
Answer: in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s
Question: What did post-punk artists use in their music?
Answer: critical theory, cinema, performance art and modernist literature
Question: What began to spring up around the post-punk music?
Answer: independent record labels and fanzines
Question: How did post-punk take on rock and roll?
Answer: conceptual assault
Question: When was the original punk movement?
Answer: 1970s
Question: What is a name for a type of rock music that is extremely varied in sound?
Answer: Post-punk
Question: What elements of punk rock did post-punk depart from?
Answer: musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations
Question: What subject matter does post-punk commonly mesh its musical sensibilities with?
Answer: art and politics
Question: What developed along with the music developments of post-punk?
Answer: subcultures
Question: What type of music developed from rock music?
Question: What tradition did post-punk embrace?
Question: What music conventions did post-punk draw insperation from?
Question: What did Punk artist embrace?
Question: How did Post-Punk take on Punk music?
Question: What elements of punk rock did post-punk have in common?
Question: When did the popularity of post-punk end?
Question: What did punk music have that wasn't included in post-punk music?
Question: What type of rock music has no variation in sound?
Question: What subject matter is avoided in post-punk music?
Question: Who coined the term post-punk?
Answer: journalists in the late 1970s
Question: What dis the new term, post-punk, cover?
Answer: groups moving beyond punk's sonic template into disparate areas
Question: What inspired early post-punk artists?
Answer: punk's DIY ethic and energy
Question: Why did post-punk fall out of love with punk?
Answer: commercial formula, rock convention and self-parody
Question: What did the new post-punk artists believe?
Answer: "radical content demands radical form"
Question: Who were the first to use the term "post-punk"?
Answer: journalists
Question: When was "post-punk" first used to start describing artists?
Answer: late 1970s
Question: What were many post-punk artists originally inspired by?
Answer: punk's DIY ethic and energy
Question: How many chords did standard punk songs typically use?
Answer: three
Question: What did post-punk artists feel there was an imperative to constantly do?
Answer: change
Question: Who was falsely rumored to have coined the term post-punk?
Question: Why were the artists not initially inspired?
Question: How many chords are never used in punk music?
Question: What did post-punk artists have difficulty with supporting?
Question: When was the term punk first used?
Question: What were the things that post-punk really got into?
Answer: experimentation with production techniques
Question: What are non-rock styles that post-punk used as inspiration?
Answer: dub, electronic music, disco, noise, jazz, krautrock, world music and the avant-garde
Question: What aesthetic did Matthew Bannister associate with post-punk?
Answer: avant-garde
Question: What music did post-punk end to reject?
Answer: high cultural references of 1960s rock artists
Question: As a movement, post-punk has been characterized by its conceptual assault on what conventions?
Answer: rock
Question: What does post-punk reject any of which are perceived as being traditionalist, hegemonic, or rockist?
Answer: aesthetics
Question: What is one of the foundational aspects post-punk is deeply favorable towards?
Answer: experimentation
Question: How did post-punk artists once again approach the studio?
Answer: as an instrument
Question: What references did post-punk artists specifically reject of the 1960s rock artists?
Answer: high cultural
Question: What movement was characterized by its "conceptualassult" on punk conventions?
Question: What are rock styles that post-punk used for insperation?
Question: What aesthetic did Mathew Bannister associate with punk?
Question: What did punk asrtist embrace from 1960's rock?
Question: What music styles where rejected by post-punk?
Question: What was something nobody in post-punk focused on?
Question: What aesthetic did Matthew Bannister not associate with post-punk?
Question: What did post-punk artists support most?
Question: What type of music did post-punk inspire most?
Question: How did Nicholas Lezard describe post-punk?
Answer: fusion of art and music
Question: Which artists were influential in post-punk?
Answer: Captain Beefheart and David Bowie
Question: Which writers helped to influence the post-punk movement?
Answer: William S. Burroughs and J.G. Ballard
Question: What was an intellectual focus of post-punk?
Answer: postmodernism
Question: How did the post-punk movement feel about big business?
Answer: anti-corporatist
Question: What was Nicholas Lezard's description of post-punk?
Answer: "a fusion of art and music"
Question: Where did post-punk ram its appropriation of ideas into?
Answer: musical and pop cultural contexts
Question: What tradition could be found in works by Captain Beefheart and David Bowie?
Answer: art school
Question: What intellectual movement informed and influenced a variety of post-punk artists?
Answer: postmodernism
Question: Why did many post-punk artists produce and release their own music?
Answer: anti-corporatist
Question: What does L.G Ballard describes post-punk  as?
Question: What did artists want to make a distinction between?
Question: What disciplines appropriated ideas from post-punk?
Question: What writers were influenced by the post-punk movement?
Question: What culture did journalists not participate in?
Question: How did Nicholas Lezard  refuse to describe post-punk?
Question: Which artists did not influence post-punk?
Question: What was not an intellectual focus of post-punk?
Question: Why did post-punk artists never produce and release their own music?
Question: Who was not an important element of the culture?
Question: Who described post-punk as "a more adventurous and arty form of punk"?
Answer: Stephen Thomas Erlewine
Question: Who described post-punk as  "less a genre of music than a space of possibility"?
Answer: Simon Reynolds
Question: Who said "so multifarious that only the broadest use of the term is possible" with regards to post-punk?
Answer: Nicholas Lezard
Question: Who does music critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine work for?
Answer: AllMusic
Question: What as the blanket term "post-punk" been the target of?
Answer: controversy
Question: What organization is Stephen Thomas Erlewine associated with?
Answer: AllMusic
Question: What have some people suggested post-punk doesn't have, instead being more about approaches and sensibilities?
Answer: unifying style
Question: Why type of scholar is music journalist Simon Reynolds?
Answer: post-punk
Question: Why is only the broadest use of genre possible when trying to categorize what actually defines post-punk?
Answer: multifarious
Question: Who described post-punk as "a less adventutous and arty form of punk"
Question: What did Nicholas Lezard say post-punk was more of?
Question: What did Simon Reynold describe as multifarious?
Question: Who does the music critic Nicholas Lezard work for?
Question: What is Stephen Thomas Erlwine a scholar of?
Question: What has the term "post-punk" never been the focus of?
Question: Who never employed the term "post-punk"?
Question: Who suggested that post-punk be conceived as "more a genre of music than a space of possibility"?
Question: Who never cared about the categorization of post-punk as a genre?
Question: What is post-punk?
Answer: music that emerged from the cultural milieu of punk rock in the late 1970s
Question: What else was music incorrectly catagorized into before post-punk?
Answer: new wave music
Question: Why is the term post-punk sometimes disputed?
Answer: various groups commonly labeled post-punk in fact predate the punk rock movement
Question: What is the acctepted era of post-punk?
Answer: between 1978 and 1984
Question: What previous movement is post-punk often identified as coming after?
Answer: punk rock
Question: What were many groups now labeled as post-punk initially categorized as?
Answer: punk or new wave music
Question: Why has the prefix 'post' caused a bit of dispute as it relates to various post-punk groups?
Answer: predate the punk rock movement
Question: Who has defined a period of when the post-punk era was?
Answer: Reynolds
Question: Between what years did Reynolds identify the post-punk era as existing?
Answer: 1978 and 1984
Question: What do various groups say predated post punk?
Question: Between what years did the punk movement occur?
Question: What were groups categorized as post-punk later changed to?
Question: Who said the post punk era occurred in the 80s?
Question: What is post-punk not defined as?
Question: What else was music correctly catagorized into before post-punk?
Question: Which years was the punk era between?
Question: Which prefix was never disputed?
Question: WHich independent music company was founded by Geoff Travis?
Answer: Rough Trade
Question: Who founded Factory?
Answer: Tony Wilson
Question: When did releasing music indepentently really hit popularity?
Answer: 1977
Question: Who released Spiral Scratch on their own label?
Answer: Buzzcocks
Question: When did the indoe music scene begin to grow?
Answer: mid-1980s
Question: What did many entrepreneurs interested in their local punk-influenced music scenes found?
Answer: independent record labels
Question: Who founded the record label Rough Trade?
Answer: Geoff Travis
Question: Where was Tony Wilson's Factory based?
Answer: Manchester
Question: When did some groups start looking for methods to release their music themselves?
Answer: 1977
Question: Whose label did the Buzzcocks release their Spiral Scratch EP on?
Answer: their own
Question: What was started by people interested in national punk influenced music?
Question: What do group stop doing by 1977?
Question: What music scene developed in the 70s as a result of the postpunk DIY imperative?
Question: Where was Geoff Travis's Factory based?
Question: Who released their Spiral Scratch EP on the Rough Trade label?
Question: What year was independent music considered the least popular?
Question: Who wasn't interested during the initial punk era?
Question: When did the post-punk era first begin?
Question: Who never released music on their own label?
Question: What record label was never independent?
Question: When did writers for Sounds first mention "post punk"?
Answer: late 1977
Question: What did Wire do with sounds, lyrics and aesthetics which different a lot from their peers?
Answer: experimenting
Question: What career path did Jon Savage take in life?
Answer: Writer
Question: When did the Sex Pistols break up?
Answer: January 1978
Question: Who was Siouxsie backed by?
Answer: the Banshees
Question: What are examples of British bands termed post-punk?
Answer: Siouxsie and the Banshees and Wire
Question: Who connsidered post-punk "harsh urban scrapings [,] controlled white noise" and "massively accented drumming"?
Answer: Jon Savage
Question: Which band's lead singer was Johnny Rotten?
Answer: Sex Pistols
Question: What was Johnny Rotten's real name?
Answer: John Lydon
Question: When did the Sex Pistols break up?
Answer: 1978
Question: What term was first used in 1978 by writers for Sounds?
Question: Who used sounds and lyrics similar to their contemporaries in 1977?
Question: What did Sounds writers describeearly developments in mew wave music?
Question: When did John Lydon anounce the break up of the Wire?
Question: When did music writers for Sounds last mention "post punk"?
Question: What career did Jon Savage avoid?
Question: When did the Sex Pistols form?
Question: Which British acts never experimented with sounds?
Question: What was seen as one of the least successful punk bands?
Question: When the punk movement started shrinking, what began to fill the void left by their demise?
Answer: vibrant new scenes
Question: What territory did the post-punk bands pursue in their works?
Answer: wider conceptual
Question: What nationality's music magazines had an influential part of post-punk culture?
Answer: British
Question: What professional is Ian Penman known from?
Answer: writers
Question: What kind of background did many of the initial post-punk artists have?
Answer: art
Question: Who were well known authors covering the post-punk era?
Answer: Jon Savage, Paul Morley and Ian Penman
Question: What were popular post-punk culture media sources?
Answer: NME and Sounds
Question: What were the bands coming in on the heels of post-punk beginning to sound like?
Answer: experimental sounds and wider conceptual territory
Question: What was a common background of post-punk musicians?
Answer: backgrounds in art
Question: What was a common theme to post-punk music?
Answer: political or aesthetic agendas
Question: What happened as the pot-punk movement dwindled?
Question: What did American music magazines have an influence on? See later
Question: What fueled the many postpunk artists go into?
Question: What American writers developed a dense style of criticism?
Question: What caused the punk movement to increase in popularity?
Question: What career did Paul Morley avoid?
Question: What nationality's music magazines did not have an influential part of post-punk culture?
Question: What styles of criticism were not used by writers?
Question: What group declared itself to be anti-music of any kind?
Answer: Public Image Ltd
Question: Where did Joy Division hail from?
Answer: Manchester
Question: What type of literature contributed to Joy Division's unique style?
Answer: modernist
Question: What end of the political spectrum was the political philosophy of Gang of Four?
Answer: Leftist
Question: What band did Johnny Rotten form after the Sex Pistols?
Answer: Public Image Ltd
Question: What kind of group was Public Image Ltd?
Answer: "anti music of any kind"
Question: Which bands combined way left politics with art school studies?
Answer: Scritti Politti, Gang of Four and This Heat
Question: What are some British post-punk bands from Manchester?
Answer: Joy Division, The Fall and A Certain Ratio
Question: Which post-punk bands began to branch off into things like dub and dance music?
Answer: Pop Group and the Slits
Question: What group did Lyndon start before the sex pistols?
Question: What the public image declare their music to be?
Question: What type of literature contributed to the sex pistol style?
Question: What end of the political spectrum was Joy division's political philosophy one?
Question: Which group supported music the most during this time?
Question: Which groups refused to experiment in music?
Question: Which groups ignored Leftist political philosophy?
Question: What band was formed after Public Image Ltd?
Question: What type of production techniques did Dennis Bovell develop?
Answer: innovative
Question: What took a central roll for the emerging post-punk music?
Answer: studio experimentation
Question: What eventually resulted in the pioneering of industrial music?
Answer: crude production techniques
Question: Whose independent label became a hub for the industrial scene?
Answer: Throbbing Gristle's
Question: Who were producers that led the way with emerging the post-punk culture?
Answer: Martin Hannett and Dennis Bovell
Question: Which bands were on the forefront of industrial music?
Answer: Cabaret Voltaire and Throbbing Gristle
Question: What was the name of Throbbing Gristle's record label?
Answer: Industrial Records
Question: Where did industrial music get it's name?
Answer: Industrial Records
Question: What was one of the most important ways that post-punk artists created their new sound?
Answer: studio experimentation
Question: Who avoided post-punk production?
Question: Who did not predate punk?
Question: Who did not help to pioneer industrial music?
Question: What label avoided this scene?
Question: From what region did the group Devo originate? 
Answer: Midwestern
Question: Where was the band Talking Heads based out of?
Answer: New York
Question: Who did the Talking Heads begin a series of collaborations with in 1978?
Answer: Brian Eno
Question: What region's post-punk scene incorporated ideas from Theater of Cruelty?
Answer: San Francisco's
Question: When did the American groups begin to really get in on the post-punk movement?
Answer: mid 1970s
Question: Which American bands had ties to the Manchester punk scene?
Answer: Television and Suicide
Question: What were some Midwestern punk bands?
Answer: Pere Ubu and Devo
Question: What did Pere and Devo draw inspiration for their music from?
Answer: derelict industrial environments
Question: What were groups in San Francisco's post-punk scene?
Answer: Chrome, the Residents and Tuxedomoon
Question: What groups were not interested in the punk scene?
Question: Which environments were not inspirational to music?
Question: What elements were never combined with punk?
Question: What year was the least influential for post-punk?
Question: What type of worldview did New York's no wave movement tend to have?
Answer: nihilistic
Question: The Contortions, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks were all musicians part of what movement?
Answer: No wave
Question: Who produced the compilation "No New York"?
Answer: Eno
Question: What no wave-affiliated label was founded in 1978?
Answer: ZE Records
Question: In addition to non-rock styles, what did some of the no-wave groups experiment with sonically?
Answer: noise, dissonance and atonality
Question: What was no wave?
Answer: a short-lived art and music scene that began in part as a reaction against punk's recycling of traditionalist rock tropes
Question: What type of a view did no wave have?
Answer: an abrasive, confrontational and nihilistic
Question: What types of musicians were the Contortions, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, Mars, DNA, Theoretical Girls and Rhys Chatham?
Answer: No wave
Question: When was ZE Records founded?
Answer: 1978
Question: What was considered the true portrait of the no wave movement?
Answer: No New York
Question: What musicians avoided no wave?
Question: In what year did ZE Records end production?
Question: What states were considered the least influential for the no wave movement?
Question: What musicians refused to experiment with their style?
Question: How did critics respond to British post-punk groups in the 1980s?
Answer: support
Question: What nationality was the critic who positively characterized Britain's postpunk scene in an 1980 Rolling Stone article?
Answer: American
Question: What about the sense of paradox in postpunk different in relation to the pop music of the day?
Answer: unique
Question: What corporation was John Peel a DJ for?
Answer: BBC
Question: What were Fast, Mute, and Glass in the context of post-punk music?
Answer: record labels
Question: When did British post-punk emerge?
Answer: 1980s
Question: Who said that British post-punk was "sparked by a tension, humour and sense of paradox plainly unique in present day pop music"?
Answer: Greil Marcus
Question: What popular DJ supported the emergence of British post-punk?
Answer: BBC DJ John Peel
Question: What British post-punk bands had success in the popular charts?
Answer: PiL and Joy Division
Question: Which record labels really supported the British post-punk movement?
Answer: Industrial, Fast, E.G., Mute, Axis/4AD and Glass
Question: When did post-punk not get the support it needed?
Question: Which groups didn't find success?
Question: What record labels were not supportive?
Question: What artists never had record labels?
Question: Many of the big players in the post-punk scene began leaning away from what as time progressed?
Answer: underground aesthetics
Question: What did the magazines catering to post-punk interest do to alienate their readers?
Answer: increasingly esoteric writing
Question: Which magazine tied to the post-punk movement lost half of its circulation?
Answer: NME
Question: What writer advocated "overground brightness"?
Answer: Paul Morley
Question: What did the club-oriented scene emphasize instead of the experimental seriousness of earlier post-punk groups?
Answer: glamour, fashion, and escapism
Question: What did authors and artists begin advocating for instead of the underground scene?
Answer: overground brightness
Question: What began to alienate the readers from publications such as NME?
Answer: increasingly esoteric writing
Question: Who did Paul Morley collaborate with on the Art of Noise?
Answer: engineer Gary Langan and programmer J. J. Jeczalik
Question: What did the Art of Noise hope to accomplish?
Answer: attempt to bring sampled and electronic sounds to the pop mainstream
Question: Which new cultural movement began to emphasize glam, escapism and fashion?
Answer: New Romantic
Question: Who did Morley not want to collaborate with?
Question: What groups were not pop-oriented?
Question: What scene did not emphasize fashion or glamour?
Question: What scene was not club-oriented?
Question: What music genre never had writing publications?
Question: What did the synthpop style of music benefit from the gaining popularity of?
Answer: MTV
Question: Synthpop heavily borrowed elements from what type of music?
Answer: electronic and synthesizer music
Question: What type of ideas did post-punk artists attempt to sneak into mainstream pop?
Answer: subversive
Question: What did some post-punk artists reject their previous avant-garde practices to pursue?
Answer: commercial success
Question: What new music style focused on electronic and synthesized sounds?
Answer: synthpop
Question: What really helped to launch synthpop?
Answer: MTV
Question: What else began to emerge as post-punk groups moved to a more commercial focus?
Answer: pop
Question: How did pos-punk give rise to pop?
Answer: post-punk artists attempted to bring subversive ideas into the pop mainstream
Question: What music did not benefit from the rise of MTV?
Question: Which artists did not like post-punk?
Question: What group avoided subversive ideas?
Question: What term was never marketed?
Question: When did Manhattan's no wave scene start becoming more dance-oriented?
Answer: early 1980s
Question: What formula did a lot of the artists emerging from the scene adhere to?
Answer: "anything at all + disco bottom"
Question: What type of party could be found at venues like Club 57?
Answer: decadent
Question: Who did the venues because cultural hubs for?
Answer: musicians and visual artists alike
Question: What movement was the group the Lounge Lizards indebted to?
Answer: no wave
Question: What did Downtown Manhattan's no wave scene transition into?
Answer: dance-oriented sound
Question: What type of sound did no wave have before it began to transition to a more dance oriented sound?
Answer: abrasive
Question: When was ZE's Mutant Disco released?
Answer: 1981
Question: What clubs were frequented by artists in the emerging dance scene?
Answer: Club 57 and the Mudd Club
Question: When did the no wave scene decide not to transition?
Question: Which venues avoided parties?
Question: Who was rarely on the scene?
Question: What groups were not influenced by no wave?
Question: What groups enjoyed calm territory?
Question: What type of music included noise, homemade instruments, and randomly found objects?
Answer: industrial
Question: What country had a post-punk scene after a generation of rock?
Answer: Brazil
Question: What type of album was The Sexual Life of the Savages?
Answer: compilations
Question: What countries other than Brazil was Brazil's no wave music exported to?
Answer: UK, Germany
Question: What type of music was associated with Einstürzende Neubauten?
Answer: industrial
Question: Where was Einstürzende Neubauten from?
Answer: Germany
Question: Where was Madame Satã?
Answer: Brazil
Question: How did Einstürzende Neubauten come up with their new industrial sound?
Answer: avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects
Question: Who did members of Einstürzende Neubauten also collaborate with?
Answer: the Birthday Party
Question: Which country disliked utilization of avant-garde noise?
Question: What groups never collaborated with members of the Birthday Party?
Question: Where did the post-punk scene shrink?
Question: Where was industrial music never released?
Question: How did bands associated with the original post-punk movement cause it to end?
Answer: turned away from its aesthetics
Question: What type of music did many of the post-punk bands start indulging in?
Answer: pop
Question: What venue drove a lot of the awareness of the music from the now pop post-punk bands?
Answer: MTV
Question: Where was a lot of the post-punk pop bands played in addition to MTV?
Answer: American college radio
Question: What band combined religious imagery with political commentary into their music?
Answer: U2
Question: What was the death knell of the post-punk movement?
Answer: commercial sounds
Question: What else would the post-punk bands record under?
Answer: pop
Question: What was one of the most popular concepts of the pop movement?
Answer: entryism
Question: What was a driving force behind the revival of the second British Invasion of New Music to America?
Answer: MTV and modern rock radio stations
Question: Who was the most successful band to arrise from post-punk?
Answer: U2
Question: What did bands associated with post-punk never turn away from?
Question: Where was post-punk not driven by MTV or modern rock radio stations?
Question: Who decided not to shift their sound?
Question: Which bands were least successful during post-punk?
Question: How did most critical writing treat the post-punk era, until recently?
Answer: dismissed
Question: What do contemporary scholars feel the post-punk period contributed in hindsight?
Answer: significant innovations and music
Question: What did Simon Reynolds describe the era of post-punk as a match for in terms of great music created?
Answer: the sixties
Question: Who wrote that the music of the post-punk era was avant-garde?
Answer: Nicholas Lezard
Question: What were the post-punk era artists more interested in doing to their audiences than in entertaining them with pop songs?
Answer: disturbing
Question: What era was usually dismissed as merely an awkward phase of music?
Answer: post-punk
Question: What do comtemporary scholars think that post-punk actually did for music?
Answer: produced significant innovations and music on its own
Question: Who said that the post-punk movement rivaled the Sixties in the shear amount of great music produced?
Answer: Simon Reynolds
Question: Which critic said that the post-punk period was open to any possibilities as far as music went?
Answer: Nicholas Lezard
Question: What did Nicholas Leonard say united post-punk?
Answer: cerebral, concocted by brainy young men and women interested as much in disturbing the audience, or making them think, as in making a pop song
Question: What musical period had no innovations?
Question: Who didn't like to write about post-punk music?
Question: When did post-punk music lose popularity to contemporary scholars?
Question: Who never talked about the post-punk period?
Question: What beginnings rose from the dead ashes of post-punk?
Answer: various subsequent genres
Question: New wave, industrial music, synthpop and house all share roots in what genre?
Answer: post-punk
Question: What style of music did post-punk band the Cure play in?
Answer: darker, more morose
Question: What genre of music did Joy Division help in the development of?
Answer: gothic rock
Question: Which type of eclectic music had a huge variety, large innovations and an "anything goes" mentality?
Answer: Post-punk
Question: Which darker post-punk bands gave rise to gothic rock?
Answer: Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure
Question: Where did systhpop, industrial and neo-psychedelia music derive from?
Answer: Post-punk
Question: What type of music was gothic rock?
Answer: darker, more morose style
Question: What styles of music did post-punk pave the way for?
Answer: new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music
Question: What genre was not eclectic?
Question: What musical genre had limited variety of musical innovations?
Question: Which genres were least influenced by post-punk?
Question: Which bands had a lighter style of music?
Question: What kinds of rock genre were not influenced by post-punk?
Question: When did a post-punk revival start happening in England and the Colonies?
Answer: turn of the 21st century
Question: What early sign heralded the post-punk revival?
Answer: emergence of various underground bands
Question: When did some of the darker post-punk bands start to appear in the indie scene?
Answer: the 2010s
Question: The post-punk revival bands bring in a fanbase from what subculture?
Answer: indie music
Question: What band played music similar to that of the early British post-punk bands of the late '70s as recently as 2010?
Answer: Savages
Question: When was the post-punk revival in British and American cultures?
Answer: turn of the 21st century
Question: What was the earliest sign of the post-punk revival?
Answer: emergence of various underground bands in the mid-'90s
Question: Who were the most commercially successful bands of the post-punk revival?
Answer: the Strokes, Franz Ferdinand, Interpol, Neils Children and Editors
Question: When did the commercially successful post-punk bands begin to hit the scene?
Answer: late 1990s to early 2000s
Question: Which dark post-punk bands began to emmerge in the indie scene?
Answer: Cold Cave, She Wants Revenge, Eagulls, the Soft Moon, She Past Away and Light Asylum
Question: When did post-punk music lose popularity?
Question: Which bands never found commercial success?
Question: Which bands disliked dance?
Question: Which post-punk bands avoided darker style?
Question: What subculture avoided darker post-punk bands the most?
Question: Which North American version of football calls for 12 player per side on the field?
Answer: Canadian
Question: How many yards wider is a Canadian football field than an American football field?
Answer: 10
Question: Which version of North American football has smaller end zones?
Answer: American
Question: How many downs does a team have to advance ten yards in Canadian football?
Answer: three
Question: How far away from the line of scrimmage must Canadian football defenders be?
Answer: 1 yard
Question: In America what term is used for both Canadian foobal and Americam football
Question: An American football field is how much wider than a Canadian football field?
Question: Canadian and American football have the same number of what on the field?
Question: American football players have three downs to do what?
Question: The American football defenders must be one you are from what?
Question: Which version of North American football has a smaller football?
Question: What has shared players and is closely related with differences?
Question: In American football how many downs are needed to gain 10 yards?
Question: When a down begins, how far away must the American defending team be?
Question: What causes the American game to have less offensive rushing?
Question: On which date was the Canadian Junior Football League formed?
Answer: May 8, 1974
Question: How old are the players in the Quebec Junior Football League?
Answer: 18–22
Question: What trophy is awarded to the winner of Canadian inter-university football competition?
Answer: Vanier Cup
Question: What institution memorializes great Canadian football achievements?
Answer: Canadian Football Hall of Fame
Question: The American Junior football league was formed to what day?
Question: Players and what leaguer 18 to 24?
Question: Many secondary institutions compete what award?
Question: Leaks such as what have declined in popularity in recent years?
Question: Great achievements in Canadian and American football are enshrined where?
Question: Where is Canadian Interuniversity Sport played?
Question: When was the Alberta Football League formed?
Question: What age are the players in the senior leagues?
Question: What are enshrined for the Vanier Cup?
Question: What memorializes achievements for players aged 18-22?
Question: On which date was the first Canadian football game for which a written record has survived?
Answer: October 15, 1862
Question: Which team won the first recorded Canadian football game?
Answer: First Battalion Grenadier Guards
Question: What was the first final score recorded of a Canadian football game?
Answer: 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing
Question: What is the oldest football club in Canada?
Answer: Hamilton Football Club
Question: Which founder of Milton, MA also helped develop the rules of Canadian football?
Answer: Christopher Gwynn
Question: The first written account of American football game was on what date?
Question: The second Battalion Scots won the first ever what?
Question: Who devise rules based on American football?
Question: What team was formed on April 8, 1827?
Question: What game was instantly popular in Canada?
Question: When was the First Battalion Grenadier Guards formed?
Question: What is the oldest group with devised rules in Canada?
Question: Who won the first game with a following in Canada?
Question: What was the first recorded set of devised rules of a Canadian football game?
Question: Where were the rules based on the Hamilton Football Club created?
Question: On which date was the first governing body for Canadian football formed?
Answer: March 24, 1873
Question: Which governing organization for Canadian football was formed on June 12, 1880?
Answer: Canadian Rugby Football Union
Question: In which year was the Western Interprovincial Football Union founded?
Answer: 1936
Question: Which Canadian football union expanded its scope in 1891? 
Answer: Canadian Rugby Football Union
Question: Which organization founded in 1956 evolved into the modern Canadian Football League?
Answer: Canadian Football Council
Question: The Canadian Rugby football Union was the first attempt at what?
Question: The football Association of Canada was formed on June 12 of what year?
Question: The Canadian rugby union reorganized into what in 1891?
Question: What organization founded in 1880 included teams from Ontario Montréal and Québec?
Question: What organization founded in 1956 evolved from the Canadian football league?
Question: When was the governing body for the CRFU founded?
Question: What umbrella organization was formed on June 12 1880?
Question: When did the Football Association of Canada reorganize to form CRU?
Question: Which organization founded in 1873 became the Canadian Football League?
Question: When were the ORFU and the CRU formed?
Question: Which Canadian football rules did the ORFU adopt in 1903?
Answer: Burnside
Question: Which three Canadian football unions resisted the Burnside Rules?
Answer: CIRFU, QRFU and CRU
Question: In which year did forward passes become acceptable in Canadian football?
Answer: 1929
Question: Which style of North American football changed the rules of their game the most from their earliest versions?
Answer: American
Question: When were the American rules incorporated?
Question: Why did the CIRFU create Burnside rules?
Question: In what year did the American game allow forward passes?