huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the only thing that can form the basis of the new definition?
Question: When did the legal process to change the definition of the kilogram end?
Question: What definition has never had anyone attempt to change it?
Question: Denmark has a committment to 100 percent renewable energy by what year?
Answer: 2050
Question: How many countries now have renewable energy policies?
Answer: 144
Question: What drives the smaller acceptance of renewable energy technologies?
Question: Denmark has a committment to 50 percent renewable energy by what year?
Question:  How many countries don't have renewable energy policies?
Question: What will Denmark do in 2055?
Question: How much was the total investment in renewable energy in 2012?
Answer: $244 billion
Question: Why did the total investment in renewable energy go down in 2012?
Answer: dramatically lower solar prices
Question: What  six were the top countries for investment in recent years?
Answer: China, Germany, Spain, the United States, Italy, and Brazil
Question: How much was the total investment in renewable energy in 2013?
Question: Why did the total investment in renewable energy go up in 2012?
Question: Why did the total investment in renewable energy go down in 2002?
Question:  What eight were the top countries for investment in recent years?
Question:  What six were the bottom countries for investment in recent years?
Question: What group polled the 27 EU member states in 2010?
Answer: Eurobarometer
Question: The goal was to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent in what year?
Answer: 2020
Question: Who has never shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals?
Question:  What group polled the 25 EU member states in 2010?
Question:  What group polled the 27 EU member states in 2000?
Question: The goal was to decrease the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent in what year?
Question: By the end of 2011, total renewable power capacity worldwide exceeded what number?
Answer: 1,360 GW
Question: Renewables contributed what percentage to our energy consumption?
Answer: 19 percent
Question: Renewables contributed what percentage to our electricity generation?
Answer: 22 percent
Question: By the end of 2012, total renewable power capacity worldwide exceeded what number?
Question: Renewables did not contribute what percentage to our energy consumption?
Question: Renewables cdid not ontributed what percentage to our electricity generation?
Question: By the beginning of 2011, total renewable power capacity worldwide exceeded what number?
Question: Who was the UN under-secretary in 2011?
Answer: Achim Steiner
Question: Between what years did worldwide renewable energy capacity grow at rates of 10 to 60 percent annually?
Answer: 2004 through 2009
Question: Who is Achim Steiner?
Answer: UN under-secretary general
Question: Who was the US under-secretary in 2011?
Question: Who was the UN under-secretary in 2012?
Question: Between what years did worldwide renewable energy capacity drop at rates of 10 to 60 percent annually?
Question:  Who is not the secretary general?
Question: Which group projected that solar plant may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years?
Answer: International Energy Agency
Question: Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet most of the world's demand for electricity by what year?
Answer: 2060
Question: Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet how much of the world's energy needs by 2060?
Answer: half
Question: Which group projected that solar plant may produce most of the world's electricity within 40 years?
Question: What does the IAE stand for?
Question: Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants will never meet most of the world's demand for electricity by what year?
Question: Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet how much of the world's energy needs by 2006?
Question: Since what year has production of solar cells in China expanded 100-fold?
Answer: 2005
Question: What is the main driver of reduced costs?
Answer: market expansion
Question:  Who led the world in renewable energy production in 2014?
Question:  Who did not lead the world in renewable energy production in 2013?
Question:  Since what year has production of solar cells in Japan expanded 100-fold?
Question:  What is not the main driver of reduced costs?
Question: What is getting cheaper as a result of technilogical change?
Answer: Renewable energy technologies
Question: As of what year have there been substantial reductions in the cost of solar and wind technologies?
Answer: 2011
Question: What group stated that "cost reductions in critical technologies, such as wind and solar, are set to continue?"
Answer: IEA
Question:  What is getting more expensive as a result of technological change?
Question:  What is getting cheaper as a result of technological expenses?
Question: As of what year when have there not been substantial reductions in the cost of solar and wind technologies?
Question: What group stated that "cost hikes in critical technologies, such as wind and solar, are set to continue?"
Question: What is the most economic solution for new grid-connected capacity in areas with good resources?
Answer: Renewable energy
Question: What happens as the scope of economically viable applications increases?
Answer: the cost of renewable power falls
Question: What are now often the most economic solution for new generating capacity?
Answer: Renewable technologies
Question: What is the most economic solution for old grid-connected capacity in areas with good resources?
Question: What happens as the scope of economically viable applications decreases?
Question: What doesn't happen as the scope of economically viable applications increases?
Question: What are now often the most economic solution for old generating capacity?
Question: What are not often the most economic solution for new generating capacity?
Question: What is one problem with biomass?
Answer: material directly combusted in cook stoves produces pollutants
Question: What can be economically competetive but may still require deployment support?
Answer: First-generation biomass technologies
Question: What is a fully maturing technology which offer a ready disposal mechanismm?
Answer: Biomass for heat and power
Question:  What is one good thing about biomass?
Question: What can be economically competetive but not still require deployment support?
Question: What is a fully maturing technology which dont' offer a ready disposal mechanismm?
Question: What can not be economically competetive but may still require deployment support?
Question: What is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower?
Answer: Hydroelectricity
Question: What is the most widely used form of renewable energy?
Answer: Hydroelectricity
Question: Hydroelectricity accounts for what percentage of global electricity generation?
Answer: Hydroelectricity
Question: Electricity production is expected to increase by what percentage each year for the next 25 years?
Answer: 3.1%
Question:  What is the term not referring to electricity generated by hydropower?
Question:  What is the term referring to electricity generated by non-hydropower?
Question:  What is the least widely used form of renewable energy?
Question: Non-hydroelectricity accounts for what percentage of global electricity generation?
Question: Electricity production is expected to increase by what percentage each year for the next 15 years?
Question: Which country is the largest hydroelectricity producer?
Answer: China
Question: How many hydroelectricity plants are larger than 10 GW?
Answer: three
Question: What is the average cost of electricity from a hydro plant larger than 10 megawatts?
Answer: 3 to 5 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour
Question:  Hydropower is not produced in how many countries?
Question:  Which country is the smallest hydroelectricity producer?
Question:  How many hydroelectricity plants are larger than 20 GW?
Question: What is the average cost of electricity from a hydro plant smaller than 10 megawatts?
Question: What was the geothermal capacity in 1975?
Answer: 1 GW
Question: What was the geothermal capacity in 2008?
Answer: 10 GW
Question: In the Phillipines, geothermal represented what percentage of the total power mix at the end of 2008?
Answer: 17 percent
Question:  What was the geothermal capacity in 1985?
Question:  What was the geothermal capacity in 2009?
Question: In the Phillipines, geothermal did not represent what percentage of the total power mix at the end of 2008?
Question: Where is the Agua Caliente Solar Project located?
Answer: USA
Question: Where is Charanka Solar Park?
Answer: India
Question: Where have the minority of photovoltaic power stations been built?
Question:  Where is the Agua Caliente Solar Project not going to be located?
Question:  Where is Charanka Solar Field?
Question: Where is Okhotnykovo State Park?
Question: Where is Desert Sunlight Solar Farm currently under construction?
Answer: Riverside County, California
Question: Where is Desert Sunlight Solar Farm?
Answer: San Luis Obispo County, California
Question: Who is building The Califoria Valley Solar Ranch?
Answer: SunPower
Question:  Where is Desert Sunlight Solar Farm no longer under construction?
Question:  Where is Desert Sunlight State Farm?
Question:  Who is building The Califoria Valley State Ranch?
Question: What is a 200 megawatt solar plant?
Question: Global wind power installations increased by how much in 2010?
Answer: 35,800 MW
Question: China has how much wind power installed?
Answer: 42,300 MW
Question: In Denmark, wind power accounts for what percentage of electricity generated?
Answer: 19%
Question: In Spain, wind power accounts for what percentage of electricity generated?
Answer: 9%
Question: In Germany, wind power accounts for what percentage of electricity generated?
Answer: 6%
Question: Global wind power installations decreased by how much in 2010?
Question:  China doesn't have how much wind power installed?
Question:  In Denmark, wind power doesn't account for what percentage of electricity generated?
Question: In Spain, wind power doesn't account for what percentage of electricity generated?
Question:  In Germany, wind power doesn't account for what percentage of electricity generated?
Question: How is the wind industry in the USA able to produce more power at lower cost?
Answer: by using taller wind turbines with longer blades
Question: How tall are new wind turbines that are being built in Indiana, Michigan and Ohio?
Answer: 300 feet to 400 feet above the ground
Question: Wind turbines in the USA can now compete with what type of fuel?
Answer: conventional fossil fuels like coal
Question: Prices have fallen as low as what price?
Answer: 4 cents per kilowatt-hour
Question: How is the wind industry in the UK able to produce more power at lower cost?
Question: How tall are old wind turbines that are being built in Indiana, Michigan and Ohio?
Question: Wind turbines in the UK can now compete with what type of fuel?
Question:  Prices have grown as high as what price?
Question: Where is the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility located?
Answer: California's Mojave Desert
Question: What is the world's largest solar-thermal power plant project currently under construction?
Answer: Ivanpah Solar Power Facility
Question: Where is the PS20 solar power tower located?
Answer: Spain
Question:  Where is the Ivanpah State Facility located?
Question: What is the world's largest solar-thermal power plant project currently not under construction?
Question:  Where is the XBX20 solar power tower located?
Question: Where is the Nevada Solar Two located?
Question: Nearly all gasoline sold in the U.S. is mixed with what percentage of ethanol?
Answer: 10 percent
Question: What act calls for 7.5 billion US gallons of biofuels to be used annually by 2012?
Answer: The Energy Policy Act of 2005
Question: Name one company that sells flexible-fuel cars?
Answer: GM
Question: Nearly all gasoline sold in the UK is mixed with what percentage of ethanol?
Question: What act calls for 7.5 billion UK gallons of biofuels to be used annually by 2012?
Question: What was the Energy Policy Act of 2004?
Question:  Name one company that sells nonflexible-fuel cars?
Question: What can be made from plant matter composed primarily of inedible celllose fibers thta form the stems and branches of most plants?
Answer: Cellulosic ethanol
Question: What are potential sources of cellulosic biomass?
Answer: Crop residues
Question: What is a promising cellulose source that can be sustainably produced in many regions?
Answer: Dedicated energy crops
Question: What can't be made from plant matter composed primarily of inedible celllose fibers thta form the stems and branches of most plants?
Question:  What aren't potential sources of cellulosic biomass?
Question: What is a promising cellulose source that can't be sustainably produced in many regions?
Question: As of 2008, geothermal power development was underway in more than how many countries?
Answer: 40
Question: What is one new technology attributed to the growth of geothermal power?
Answer: Enhanced Geothermal Systems
Question: What is operational in the USA, Australia, Germany, France and The United Kingdom?
Answer: Demonstration EGS projects
Question: As of 2008, geothermal power development wasn't underway in more than how many countries?
Question: As of 2008, geothermal power development was underway in less than how many countries?
Question: What is one old technology attributed to the growth of geothermal power?
Question: What is not operational in the USA, Australia, Germany, France and The United Kingdom?
Question: Where are demonstration eggs taking place?
Question: The PV industry has seen drops in module prices since what year?
Answer: 2008
Question: What is a sign that further price reductions are likely in coming years?
Answer: technological advancements
Question: What cost is often regarded as marking the achievment of grid parity for PV?
Answer: $1.00/W installed cost
Question: Why do utility operators often reject renewable resources?
Answer: because they are trained to think only in terms of big, conventional power plants
Question: Why do consumers often ignore renewable power systems?
Answer: because they are not given accurate price signals about electricity consumption
Question: Who argued that some of the problems facing renewable energy are more about culture and institutions than engineering and science?
Answer: Benjamin K. Sovacool
Question: Why do utility operators often accept renewable resources?
Question:  Why do utility operators only ever accept renewable resources?
Question:  Why do consumers often accept renewable power systems?
Question: Who agreed that some of the problems facing renewable energy are more about culture and institutions than engineering and science?
Question: Lester Brown states that the market does not incorporate what?
Answer: the indirect costs of providing goods or services into prices
Question: Who believes that the market does not value nature's service adequately?
Answer: Lester Brown
Question: What can help over come the problems with the market?
Answer: Tax and subsidy shifting
Question:  Lester Brown states that the market incorporates what?
Question: Who said the market does incorporate the indirect costs?
Question:  What can't help over come the problems with the market?
Question: Who believes that the market does value nature's service adequately?
Question: Several Western European companies are shifting taxes in a process known as what?
Answer: environmental tax reform
Question: What is the purpose of tax shifting?
Answer: to create a more responsive market
Question:  What involves lowering income taxes while lowering levies?
Question:  What involves raising income taxes while raising levies?
Question:  What involves raising income taxes while lowering levies?
Question:  What isn't the purpose of tax shifting?
Question: Several Northern European companies are shifting taxes in a process known as what?
Question: What was the result of publicly funded links among computers in government labs and reserach institutes?
Answer: the Internet
Question: What helped create the modern wind power industry?
Answer: federal tax deduction and a robust state tax deduction in California
Question: Besides tax shifting, what is not another need?
Question: What wasn't the result of publicly funded links among computers in government labs and reserach institutes?
Question: What was the result of privately funded links among computers in government labs and reserach institutes?
Question:  What helped create the ancient wind power industry?
Question: As of 2012, what accounts for about half of new nameplate electrical capacity?
Answer: renewable energy
Question: What involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years?
Answer: Renewable energy commercialization
Question: Name one second-generation technology that is market ready.
Answer: wind power
Question: As of 2013, what accounts for about half of new nameplate electrical capacity
Question: What involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 10 years?
Question:  Name one third-generation technology that is market ready.
Question: How does the International Solar Energy Society propse to level the playing field?
Answer: by redressing the continuing inequities in public subsidies of energy technologies and R&D
Question: What is the key to stabilizing the earth's climate?
Answer: development of climate-benign energy sources
Question:  What group rejects leveling the playing field?
Question: How does the International Solar Energy Society propose to not level the playing field?
Question:  What is the key to not stabilizing the earth's climate?
Question: What country has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries?
Answer: United States
Question: Some countries have phased out all subsidies for what substance?
Answer: coal
Question: What country is building its coal subsidy?
Question: What country is not reducing its coal subsidy?
Question: What country has been decreasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries?
Question:  No countries have phased out all subsidies for what substance?
Question: Setting national renewable energy targets can be an important part of what?
Answer: renewable energy policy
Question: The European Union has prescribed an indicative renewable energy target of what percent?
Answer: 12 per cent of the total EU energy mix
Question: Name one outher country with defined national or regional target?
Answer: Australia
Question: Setting national renewable energy targets can be an unimportant part of what?
Question: Setting national renewable energy targets is never an important part of what?
Question: The European Union has not prescribed an indicative renewable energy target of what percent?
Question:  Name one other country without defined national or regional target?
Question: What determines the extent to which renewable energy is to be incorporated into a country's generation mix?
Answer: Public policy
Question: Who has the authority to carry out a number of functions that havae implications for the feasiblity of renewable energy projects?
Answer: Energy regulators
Question: Why have energy sector regulators become a key facilitator of renewable energy investments?
Answer: Since policies are not self-implementing
Question: What determines the extent to which renewable energy is to be incorporated outside of a country's generation mix?
Question: What doesn't determine the extent to which renewable energy is to be incorporated into a country's generation mix?
Question:  Who doesn't have the authority to carry out a number of functions that have implications for the feasibility of renewable energy projects?
Question: Why have energy sector regulators not become a key facilitator of renewable energy investments?
Question: What is the driving force behind voluntary green electricity within the EU?
Answer: liberalized electricity markets
Question: What states that EU Member States must ensure that the origin of electricity produced from renewables can be guaranteed?
Answer: RES Directive
Question: In the US, what is the main tool to track and stimulate voluntary actions?
Answer: Green-e program
Question: What is the driving force behind voluntary green electricity outside of the EU?
Question: What isn't the driving force behind voluntary green electricity within the EU?
Question: What states that EU Member States must not ensure that the origin of electricity produced from renewables can be guaranteed?
Question: n the US, what is not the main tool to track and stimulate voluntary actions?
Question: What made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies?
Answer: Stern Review
Question: In what year did a number of events push renewable energy up the political agenda?
Answer: 2006
Question: What is driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy industry?
Answer: climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices
Question: What made a weak economic case for investing in low carbon technologies?
Question: What made a strong economic case for not investing in low carbon technologies?
Question: In what year did a number of events push renewable energy back the political agenda?
Question: What is driving decreasing rates of investment in the renewable energy industry?
Question: What helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than other sectors?
Answer: New government spending, regulation, and policies
Question: What suggests that the commercialization of clean energy will hellp countries deal with economic malaise?
Answer: commercialization of clean energy
Question: Which company became invovled in a political controversy?
Answer: Solyndra
Question: What company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy?
Answer: Solyndra
Question: What didn't help the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than other sectors?
Question: What helped the industry weather the 2010 economic crisis better than other sectors?
Question: What didn't suggest that the commercialization of clean energy will hellp countries deal with economic malaise?
Question:  Which company did not become involved in a political controversy?
Question:  What company never had to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy?
Question: What is becoming increasingly economic in both developing and devloped countries?
Answer: Renewables
Question: As of 2012, prices for what commodity continued to drop?
Answer: renewable energy technologies
Question: What plays a minor role in the energy mix of many countries?
Question: What plays a major role in the energy mix of no countries?
Question: What plays a major role in the energy mix of every single country?
Question:  As of 2013, prices for what commodity continued to drop?
Question: Ban Ki-moon states that renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity?
Answer: renewable energy
Question: Who is chair of UN Energy?
Answer: Kandeh Yumkella
Question: Who is chairman of Bank of America?
Answer: Charles Holliday
Question: Who is UK's Secretary-General?
Question: Who is US's Secretary-General?
Question:  Ban Ki-moon states that renewable energy has the ability to lift the richest nations to new levels of prosperity?
Question:  Who is chair of US Energy?
Question:  Who is chairman of Bank of Canada?
Question: In 2012, solar electricity consumption increased by what percentage?
Answer: 58 percent
Question: Use of wind power in 2012 increased by what percentage?
Answer: 18.1 percent
Question: How much was the worldwide investment in solar power in 2012?
Answer: $140.4 billion
Question: Analysts expect the market to triple by what year?
Answer: 2030
Question: In what year did investment in renewables exceed fossils?
Answer: 2015
Question: In 2012, solar electricity consumption decreased by what percentage?
Question: In 2013, solar electricity consumption increased by what percentage?
Question:  Use of wind power in 2012 decreased by what percentage?
Question:  How much was the worldwide investment in solar power in 2013?
Question:  Analysts expect the market to double by what year?
Question: What motivated the incentive to use 100 percent renewable energy?
Answer: global warming
Question: How many nations already have renewable energy contributing to more than 20 percent of energy supply?
Answer: at least 30 nations
Question: Who developed a series of stabilization wedges?
Answer: Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow
Question: What motivated the incentive to use 10 percent renewable energy?
Question: How many nations already have renewable energy contributing to more than 40 percent of energy supply?
Question:  Who rejected a series of stabilization wedges?
Question: Who is a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University?
Answer: Mark Z. Jacobson
Question: What is a barrier to implementing the renewable energy plan?
Answer: social and political
Question: Who stated that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs?
Answer: Mark Z. Jacobson
Question: Jacobson says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power and hydropower is feasible by what year?
Answer: 2030
Question: Who is a professor of English at Stanford University?
Question:  What is a barrier to implementing the non-renewable energy plan?
Question: Who stated that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should not be similar to today's energy costs?
Question: Jacobson says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power and hydropower is not feasible by what year?
Question: Why is renewable energy an attractive option?
Answer: can supply significantly greater amounts of electricity than the total current or projected domestic demand
Question: In what country is the National Research Council located?
Answer: United States
Question: Sufficient domestic reneewable resources exist for what reason?
Answer: to allow renewable electricity to play a significant role in future electricity generation
Question:  Why is renewable energy an unattractive option?
Question:  In what city is the National Research Council located?
Question: Insufficient domestic reneewable resources exist for what reason?
Question: For what is Palermo known?
Answer: history, culture, architecture and gastronomy
Question: How old is the city of Palermo?
Answer: 2,700 years old
Question: On what island is Palermo located?
Answer: Sicily
Question: What country is Paletrmo a mainland city of?
Question: What city is the capital of the Palermo province but noit the region of Sicily?
Question: What city has been around since 2700 A.D.?
Question: What city is in the northwest of Italy?
Question: What city is near the Tyrrhenian Gulf?
Question: What name was Palermo originally founded as?
Answer: Ziz
Question: What group of people founded Palermo?
Answer: the Phoenicians
Question: What did the Greeks name Palermo?
Answer: Panormus
Question: During which years was Palermo ruled by the Arabs?
Answer: 831 to 1072
Question: Who founded Palermo in 734 AD?
Question: Who changed the name of Palermo to Ziz?
Question: Who changed the name of the city from Balarm to Panormus?
Question: Who gained control of the city in 1072?
Question: In what year was Palermo united?
Question: What types of churches attract tourists to Palermo?
Answer: Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque
Question: Which town is Sicily's primary industrial and commercial center?
Answer: Palermo
Question: What are Palermo's four main industrial sectors?
Answer: tourism, services, commerce and agriculture
Question: What city is Italy's cultural , economic, and tourist capital?
Question: Who likes Palermo's sub tropical weather?
Question: What city is main Italian industrial and cultural center?
Question: Why is Palermo one of the largest cities in Europe?
Question: What is Sicily going through?
Question: Which author desribed Monte Pelegrino as "The most beautiful promontory in the world?"
Answer: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe,
Question: Which is the tallest mountain in Sicily?
Answer: La Pizzuta
Question: Where is Monte Pellegrino in relation to other peaks?
Answer: geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain
Question: What city is surrounded by valleys?
Question: Why is it difficult to reach Palermo from Sicily?
Question: Which peak is 1333 feet hight?
Question: Which mountain is seperated from the rest of the range by a valley?
Question: Who described Monte Pellegrino in the 1900's
Question: How can former rivers be recognised presently?
Answer: the streets that were built on them follow their shapes
Question: What is the only remaining waterway in Palermo?
Answer: Oreto river
Question: Which two former rivers in Palermo are currently building sites?
Answer: Papireto river and the Kemonia
Question: What bodies of water run through Pallermo?
Question: What follows the former course of the Oreto?
Question: What river divides the easr and west sides of the city?
Question: What helped form the rivers.
Question: What did Phoenicans name their settlement in 734BC?
Answer: "Ziz."
Question: Besides Ziz, what other two major settlements belonged to the Phoenicians
Answer: Motya and Soluntum
Question: Why cant artifacts from the Phoenicians be easily excavated?
Answer: remains of the Phoenician presence in the city are few and mostly preserved in the very populated center of the downtown area
Question: What is the current name of the road the Phoenicians used for trading?
Answer: Corso Calatifimi
Question: Who built a settlement on the hatbor of Palermo?
Question: Where did the Phoenicians build a harbor in 734 AD
Question: Where is the modern day port of Ziz?
Question: What road helped the Phoenicians trade with the Arabs?
Question: What were the other tewo Canaanite colonies of Sicily?
Question: Why was the first settlement named Paleapolis?
Answer: in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis
Question: What were the walls of Neapolis meant to do?
Answer: prevent attacks from foreign threats
Question: Which district was named for the walls surrounding it?
Answer: Cassaro
Question: What did Arabs call the "old city"?
Question: What was built during the 500's BC.?
Question: What is Neapolis the first settlement of?
Question: What was built around thesettlement to keep sea water out?
Question: What district was the wall named after?
Question: In which War did Greeks and Phoenicians fight over control of Sicily?
Answer: Sicilian Wars
Question: Why did the Sicilian Wars end?
Answer: Carthage and Syracuse stopped warring and united in order to stop the Romans from gaining full control of the island during the First Punic War
Question: Who conquered Panormos and briefly turned it into a Greek colony?
Answer: Pyrrhus of Epirus
Question: Why did the Greeks name Palermo Panormos?
Answer: meaning "all port" due to the shape of its coast.
Question: Who was Palermo's main trading partner under the Greeks?
Question: Who had a period of peace under Carthage?
Question: Who did Palermo comer into contact with from the 500's to the 600's BC?
Question: Witch wars proceeded Palermo's contact with Ancient Greece?
Question: Who's fleet was launched from Carthage in 408 BC?
Question: How had the Vandals earned their strong reputation?
Answer: occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455
Question: Whom took control of the Vandal's territory after 488?
Answer: Ostrogoths
Question: How was Theodoric different than the Germanic Goths?
Answer: Theodoric supported Roman culture and government
Question: What name was the Eastern Roman Empire also known by?
Answer: Byzantine Empire
Question: Who's decline left Palermo under the control of the Roman Empire?
Question: Who controled Palermo in the 4th century?
Question: Who's North African provinces were occupied by the 4th century?
Question: What tribe took the provinces from the Vandals in the 4th century?
Question: What was the name of the war between the Ostogoths and The Western Roman Empire?
Question: What did the Arabs introduce that continues to be relevant to Palermo's culture today?
Answer: agricultural crops
Question: How were the indigenous Palermo population treated under Muslim rule?
Answer: reduced into near slavery
Question: Who took control of the island in the 9th century?
Question: What Emerite did the Muslims establish in the 9th century?
Question: What city displaced Palermo as the capital during Arab rule?
Question: What cities did Syracuse compete with in terms of importance and splendor?
Question: What did Sicilians introduce to the Arabs?
Question: Who is considered a hero by natives for ending Muslim control of Palermo?
Answer: Robert Guiscard
Question: What was the family name who returned Palermo to Christianity after reconquest in 1072?
Answer: Hautevilles
Question: Where was the Kings Court held in the Kingdom of Sicily?
Answer: Palazzo dei Normanni
Question: How did the Kingdom of Sicily compare monetarily with the other European staes?
Answer: one of the wealthiest states in Europe
Question: What reconquest occured in the 10th century?
Question: What Arab family fought in the reconquest?
Question: Under who's rule was the kingdom of Sicily turned into the county of Sicily?
Question: What Catherdral was built prior to the reconquest?
Question: What happened to Muslims during Holy Roman rule?
Answer: emigrated or were expelled
Question: What was Palermos population in 1330?
Answer: 51,000
Question: During what years did Austria rule Palermo?
Answer: 1720 and 1734
Question: Who controlled Sicily in the 11th century?
Question: Who immigrated to Palermo during the rule of the Holy Roman Empire?
Question: Who ruled Palermo in the 12th century?
Question: What happened to Palermo's population in the 13th century?
Question: What treaty put Palermo under Austrian rule in the 17th century?
Question: After what treaty did Savoia gain control of Italy?
Answer: Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
Question: For what event did Charles III choose Sicily as the location?
Answer: his coronation
Question: Where did the Royal Court reside?
Answer: Naples
Question: Where did the capital city move in 1817?
Answer: Naples
Question: Whose son died on the way to Palermo and is buried there?
Answer: Charles III
Question: What treaty caused the Savoy to loose Sicily?
Question: Where was Charles the II crowned King of Sicily?
Question: What court resided in Palermo?
Question: Who took refuge in Palermo in the 17th century?
Question: What became the capital of the Two Sicilies after Naples?
Question: Who led the first insurrection in Europe in 1848?
Answer: Giuseppe La Masa
Question: Who was the first president of Palermo?
Answer: Ruggero Settimo
Question: Who regained control of Palermo in 1849?
Answer: The Bourbons
Question: Sicily and Palermo became part of what Kingdom in 1861?
Answer: Kingdom of Italy
Question: Who led an insurrection in the 18th century?
Question: Who was the first president of Palermo?
Question: Who reconqured Palermo in the 18th century?
Question: What general lead the Bourbons?
Question: Who was blamed for the week long rebellion of 1866?
Answer: anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo
Question: Which families help to start cultural, industrial, and economic growth in Palermo?
Answer: Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio
Question: In what style were the villas in the new expanded Palermo?
Answer: Art Nouveau
Question: Which theatre was designed by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile ans opened in 1897?
Answer: Teatro Massimo
Question: Who prefered the Savoia kingdom to independence?
Question: What was the seat of a rebellion in the 18th century?
Question: What crushed the 18th century rebellion in Palermo?
Question: What government enacted pro-sicilian policies?
Question: Where did Palermo expand to in the early 2000's?
Question: To what does the term "Sack of Palermo" refer?
Answer: speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings
Question: Why did Palermo substancially grow in size?
Answer: reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities
Question: What did Palermo expansion lack?
Answer: t parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city
Question: What is the term for the building boom erected many fine buildings?
Question: What has led to migration away from the cities?
Question: What caused Palermo to expand to the south?
Question: What was carefully followed during the boom?
Question: What is Palermo's climate classification?
Answer: hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa).
Question: How do Palermo's temperatures compare to the rest of Europe?
Answer: one of the warmest cities in Europe
Question: How many did snow fall in Palermo between 1940and the 2000s?
Answer: eleven
Question: How much sun does Palermo see each year?
Answer: 2,530 hours
Question: What city has a moderate Mediterranean climate with very cold winters?
Question: What is one of the warmest cities in the world?
Question: What weather never occurs in Palermo?
Question: What is too far away to protect the island from the heat?
Question: Where does the first of Palermo's circuits suround?
Answer: ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis
Question: What was the name of the primary east-west road within the walls of Palaeopolis?
Answer: Via Vittorio Emanuele
Question: On what road was the eastern edge of the walled city?
Answer: Via Roma
Question: What surrounds Palermo in a single circut?
Question: On what road was the western edge of the walled city?
Question: What was the name of the secondary east-west road within the walls of Palaepolis?
Question: What was the purpose of Castello a Mare?
Answer: to protect the port at La Cala
Question: What was used to block passage through the La Cala port?
Answer: A huge chain
Question: During which historical period was the wall circuit expanded?
Answer: medieval
Question: What was reduced in the medieval period?
Question: What was nolonger the main east-west road?
Question: What used to block the West gate?
Question: What wall turns east along the western side?
Question: What name is given to the bronze line on the floor of a heliometer?
Answer: la Meridiana
Question: Which direction does la Meridiana run?
Answer: precisely N/S
Question: What image is projected on the floor of the heliometer?
Answer: the sun
Question: What has lunar observatory built in 1690?
Question: was built in the 16th century?
Question: What is the name of the gold line on the floor of a helimeter?
Question: What image is projected onto the dome of the heliometer?
Question: What signs are a tribute to pagean customs?
Question: How many people were living in the Palermo area in 2010?
Answer: 1.2 million
Question: What percentage of Palermo residents were female in 2010?
Answer: 52.6%
Question: What is the average age of a Palermo resident?
Answer: 40.4
Question: Why has Palermo's population declined from 2001 to 2010?
Answer: population flight to the suburbs
Question: In what year were there 1.2 million homes in the Palermo area?
Question: What is 47.4% female?
Question: Who's average age is 42.8 in Palermo?
Question: What has increased in Palermo from 2001 to 2010?
Question: Who has a slightly higher birth rate than Palermo?
Question: On what does Palermo's economy rely?
Answer: tourism and services, but also has commerce, shipbuilding and agriculture
Question: Palermo is the home of what mafia?
Answer: the Sicilian Mafia
Question: Has the level of crime in Palermo risen or declined?
Answer: gone down dramatically
Question: What negative qualities does Palermo carry?
Answer: high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant black market empire
Question: What is Italy's administrative capital?
Question: What mostly depends shipbuilding and agriculture?
Question: Why has the black market declined in Palermo?
Question: What has caused crime to go up in Palermo?
Question: What has made the city more dangerouse to live in?
Question: How many passengers travel by Palermo ferry annually?
Answer: 2 million
Question: How many passengers do Palermo's ferries carry each year?
Answer: 2 million
Question: For what is the "tourist marina" dedicated?
Answer: sailing yachts and catamarans
Question: What cities do the ferries of Palermo travel to?
Answer: Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Tunis
Question: What is the main port of Italy?
Question: What cities are linked by roads?
Question: Where does traffic include 80tons of cargo?
Question: What section of the port is for the mafia?
Question: When is Palermo's most important religious event of the year held?
Answer: 14 July
Question: Who is said to have ended the Black Death in 1624?
Answer: Santa Rosalia
Question: What is The Festino?
Answer: procession which goes through the main street of Palermo to commemorate the miracle attributed to Santa Rosalia
Question: Who is the patron saint of Italy?
Question: Who ended the Black Death in the 16th century?
Question: When is Palermo's most important secular celebration?
Question: Who banished the plague from the city before dying themselves?
Question: What, in nature, is most likely to make things green?
Answer: chlorophyll
Question: For what do some animals use the color green?
Answer: camouflage
Question: What chemical causes emeralds to be green?
Answer: chromium
Question: From which Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word is green derived?
Answer: grene
Question: What is the Germanic root word meaning grass?
Question: What chemical for converting sunlight is found in emeralds?
Question: What word came from the English word "green"?
Question: What do plants convert chlorophyll into?
Question: What process does chromium allow plants to do?
Question: In the Middle Ages, which color was associated with merchants, bankers, and the gentry?
Answer: green
Question: What does the Mona Lisa wearing green symbolize?
Answer: she is not from a noble family
Question: What does the color green represent in the flags of Islamic countries?
Answer: lush vegetation of Paradise
Question: Why is green the color of the environmental movement?
Answer: its association with nature
Question: Red is associated with what religion?
Question: What color did the nobility in China wear?
Question: What color shows that Mona Lisa is a noble?
Question: What does a red light indicate?
Question: Besides happiness, what contradictory meaning does China ascribe to green?
Question: Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and Greek all has old terms for "green" which are derived from words for what?
Answer: fresh, sprouting vegetation
Question: How were the terms for "green" derived in the Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and Greek languages?
Answer: independently
Question: Which language has a word for "green" that is comparable to a Mongolian word for "meadow"?
Answer: Turkic
Question: What is the Mongolian word for meadow?
Question: What languages have a single root word for green?
Question: "Hari" is Turkish for what?
Question: What is the Germanic word for green?
Question: What Sanskrit word means green?
Question: What is the Vietnamese word for both blue and green?
Answer: xanh
Question: What are the colors of traffic lights in Japan?
Answer: the same colors that other countries have
Question: How is 藍 pronounced in Japanese?
Question: How is 綠 pronounced in Sino-Vietnamese?
Question: What Chinese word for green is derived from English?
Question: How many words for green does Thai have?
Question: What does Ian mean in reference to trees?
Question: In which language does the word for "green" also mean "rank" and "smelly"?
Answer: Thai
Question: In what range does the color green fall in modern European languages?
Answer: 520–570 nm
Question: What is the origin of the word "orange"?
Answer: the name of a fruit
Question: What does the Thai word for green correspond to in nm?
Question: How many colors are in Thai's color system?
Question: How many languages have green as a separate color?
Question: The English word for Green was originally not a color term but a what?
Question: What is the color range of yellow in European languages?
Question: In which color system is green created by combining yellow and blue?
Answer: subtractive
Question: In which color model is green one of the additive primary colors?
Answer: RGB
Question: What is the complement of green on the HSV color wheel?
Answer: magenta
Question: What is the complement of green on the traditional color wheel?
Answer: red
Question: In color printing, blue is created by combining green and what?
Question: What color model is used in a subtractive system?
Question: What is another name for the color wheel using the subtractive system?
Question: And equal mixture of green and magenta creates what?
Question: What is the complementary color to blue?
Question: What is produced on a computer display when light from the green primary is mixed with some light from the blue primary?
Answer: A unique green
Question: At what wavelength is green on computer displays?
Answer: ~550 nm
Question: What type of color devices are computer displays and televisions?
Answer: additive
Question: What is the wavelength of red?
Question: How is a unique blue made?
Question: What are examples of devices that do not use additive systems?
Question: What is unique green's wavelength?
Question: ~550nm green is a combination of which two primary colours?
Question: What is the wavelength of inexpensive green lasers?
Answer: 532 nm
Question: What type of technology is used in the most common green lasers?
Answer: diode pumped solid state
Question: What is the range of green wavelengths available when using DPSS technology?
Answer: 501 nm to 543 nm
Question: What is the range of the Argon-ion laser?
Question: What is the nm of liquid dye lasers?
Question: What color laser is the hardest for the public to gain access to?
Question: What is the THz of the helium-neon laser?
Question: What has linear properties?
Question: What are green paints and dyes usually made of?
Answer: minerals
Question: What is the main chemical that causes emeralds to be green?
Answer: chromium
Question: What is the source of the green color in malachite pigments?
Answer: Copper
Question: What is the source of amazonite's color?
Answer: small quantities of lead and water in the feldspar
Question: What is the name of minerals that emit green through their luminescence?
Question: What is another name for amazonite?
Question: What is the symbol for Copper?
Question: What does Chromium oxide have trace amounts of?
Question: What is the name of amazonite-based pigments?
Question: What is made by placing a plate of blade of copper, brass, or bronze into vat of fermenting wine for several weeks, then scraping off and drying the green powder?
Answer: Verdigris
Question: Who described the process of making verdigris in ancient times?
Answer: Pliny
Question: In what city did the Romans use verdigris in murals?
Answer: Pompeii
Question: What would verdigris do to other colors that it came in contact with?
Answer: ruin
Question: Which famous artist warned other artists not to use verdigris?
Answer: Leonardo da Vinci
Question: What century did Pliny describe the process of making Verdigris?
Question: What city did Pliny live in?
Question: What paint did Leonardo da Vinci recommend?
Question: Where was chrome green popular in the 16th century?
Question: When was Prussian blue patented?
Question: Which green food coloring is known to cause hyperactivity, asthma, urticaria, and insomnia?
Answer: Green S (E142)
Question: What is a commonly used food coloring in the United Kingdom that is banned in Australia, Japan, Norway, and the United States?
Answer: Quinoline Yellow
Question: What is the most common green chemical found in nature?
Answer: Chlorophyll
Question: Which two E numbers have been approved by the FDA?
Question: Green S is used in what country but not the US?
Question: What are the side effects of Quinoline Yellow?
Question: What is the name of the green chemical the UK allows?
Question: What administration approved the use of E140 as a food dye?
Question: Which copper salt can produce green glames?
Answer: cupric chloride
Question: What is the ratio of boron to potassium nitrate in green pyrotechnic flares?
Answer: 75:25
Question: What is the ratio of yellow to green in green smoke?
Question: What is another name for copper salts?
Question: What type of copper salts are used in fireworks?
Question: What else are copper salts used for?
Question: Which two solvents are used in green pyrotechnic flares?