huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: When did the Leeside Lions win the Australian Rules Football League of Ireland Premiership?
Answer: 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2007
Question: Which inline roller sports translate well to winter in Cork?
Answer: hockey and figure skating
Question: What Martial Arts can be found within Cork?
Answer: Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Karate, Muay Thai and Taekwondo
Question: what is played in the east suburbs?
Question: How many times have the Leeside Lions lost the Australian Rules Football League?
Question: When did he Leeside Lions loose the Australian Rules Football League
Question: Who raced the Formula Ford Championship until 2005?
Question: In what area is hockey played in Cork?
Question: How many times has the Muay Thai club won the Ireland Premiership?
Question: In what years did the Muay Thai club win the Ireland Premiership?
Question: How long has road bowling been played in Cork?
Question: During what season is road bowling played inside?
Question: Where is its geographic location?
Answer: North-West of the Iberian Peninsula
Question: Which large body of water does Galicia border?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean
Question: What is its largest island?
Answer: Arousa
Question: During which period did humans first inhabit Galicia?
Answer: Middle Paleolithic
Question: Where does its name come from?
Answer: Gallaeci, the Celtic peoples
Question: Which empire turned Galicia into one of its provinces the 3rd century AD?
Answer: Roman Empire
Question: What was the name of the assembly of representatives that began in the 16th century?
Answer: the Cortes or Junta
Question: Which year was the current Statute of Autonomy enacted?
Answer: 1981
Question: How high does Galicia's mountain ranges rise?
Answer: 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
Question: What have been its two primary sources of wealth?
Answer: animal husbandry and farming
Question: Name its northwestern coastal area.
Answer: Ferrol to A Coruña
Question: Name its political capital.
Answer: Santiago de Compostela
Question: Which province is this capital in?
Answer: A Coruña
Question: What is one variation of Gallicia's name used during the Middle Ages?
Answer: Galletia
Question: Which spelling was the most common spelling during the 13th century?
Answer: Galiza
Question: When did it get its modern spelling?
Answer: 15th and 16th centuries
Question: What is the name of the local government?
Answer: Xunta de Galicia
Question: Which group regulates the Galician language?
Answer: The Royal Galician Academy
Question: Which author wrote that "Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin, as the Gauls"?
Answer: Isidore
Question: Which original ethnic name is "Galicia" derived from?
Answer: Kallaikói
Question: What does Galicia's name mean?
Answer: the land of the Galicians
Question: Where in Galicia has the oldest evidence of humans been found?
Answer: Eirós Cave
Question: Which municipality is this in?
Answer: Triacastela
Question: What is the oldest culture whose structures have been found?
Answer: Megalithic
Question: Which two minerals found in abundance in Galicia were used during Bronze Age?
Answer: tin and gold
Question: When did the Castro culture flourish?
Answer: second half of the first millennium BC.
Question: Who mentioned the ancient Galician's "warlike spirit"?
Answer: Appian
Question: Who was it that described people living on the coast as "Celtic"?
Answer: Pomponius Mela
Question: What were the forts that the Gallaeci lived in called?
Answer: castros
Question: Where were these forts commonly built?
Answer: hills
Question: Where is one place where one of the inland forts can be found?
Answer: Borneiro
Question: Statues have been made in whose likeness?
Answer: warrior
Question: Though the Muslims couldn't take full control of Galicia, when was it that they invaded Spain?
Answer: 711
Question: Which kingdom did Galicia later become a part of?
Answer: Asturias
Question: As a result, what became the religion of Galician society?
Answer: Christian
Question: Ancient Galicians took control of which city in northern Portugal?
Answer: Coimbra
Question: Under whom did Roman legions first enter Galicia?
Answer: Decimus Junius Brutus
Question: Galicia was incorporated into the Roman Empire under whose rule?
Answer: Augustus
Question: Which mineral found in Galicia were the Romans interested in?
Answer: gold
Question: Which language did the Romans introduce to Galicia?
Answer: latin
Question: The Romans used which lighthouse located in Corunna as part of its effort to establish control the area?
Answer: Tower of Hercules
Question: At the end of which year did Central Europe tribes invade the Roman Empire?
Answer: 406
Question: Which tribe did the Romans subsequently make a treaty with?
Answer: Suebi
Question: What was the name of the Briton colony formed in Northern Galicia?
Answer: Britonia
Question: Which Visigothic king took over control of Galicia from the Suebi?
Answer: Leovigild
Question: In which year did this happen?
Answer: 585
Question: Which cult arose in Galicia during the 9th century?
Answer: Apostle James
Question: Where was this cult based in?
Answer: Santiago de Compostela
Question: Name the road that lead there.
Answer: Way of Saint James
Question: What did Galicians call the Vikings?
Answer: Leodemanes or Lordomanes
Question: To stop the Vikings from raiding, what did the Galicians build as a defense system?
Answer: Towers of Catoira
Question: Who was it that in 1063 gave rule over Galicia to his son?
Answer: Ferdinand I
Question: What was the name of this son?
Answer: Garcia II
Question: Who was the brother who later took control for himself?
Answer: Alfonso VI
Question: Galicia then became part of which Kingdom?
Answer: Kingdom of León
Question: Who standardized Castillan and made it the government's official language?
Answer: Alfonso X
Question: Social turmoil led to conflict?
Answer: Guerras Irmandiñas
Question: Which two royals were part of the dynastic conflict of the 15th century?
Answer: Isabella I of Castile and Joanna La Beltraneja
Question: The subsequent reforms were coined as "doma del Reino de Galicia" by who?
Answer: Jeronimo Zurita
Question: What was the name of the local government and tribunal?
Answer: Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia
Question: Castillan armies invaded Galicia between which years?
Answer: 1480 and 1486
Question: Which powerful Galician lords did they murder?
Answer: Pedro Madruga, and Rodrigo Henriquez Osorio
Question: Which Castillan ruler then consolidated control over Galicia?
Answer: Isabella I
Question: Which body was formed in 1500?
Answer: Real Audiencia del Reino de Galicia
Question: What percentage of Castille's total earnings was Galicia responsible for?
Answer: 10%
Question: Which other countries was Spain at war with during the 16 century?
Answer: Netherlands, France and England
Question: In spite of these wars, which exports did Galicia's Atlantic trade consist of?
Answer: sardines, wood, and some cattle and wine
Question: Where did Sir Francis Drake attack in 1585 and again in 1589?
Answer: Vigo
Question: Who attacked Cangas in 1617?
Answer: Barbary pirates
Question: When did the Galician Junta more often stand up to requests from the monarch?
Answer: second half of the 17th century
Question: In what way was the tension between the monarch and Galicia similar to the wars it was fighting?
Answer: there were frequent urban mutinies
Question: Which nationalist movement arose in the early 20th century?
Answer: Solidaridad Gallega
Question: Which other movement was it modeled after?
Answer: Solidaritat Catalana
Question: Which political group arose in 1916?
Answer: Irmandades da Fala
Question: Which magazine advocated for Galician nationalism?
Answer: Nós
Question: Along with Galicia's, which other two province's autonomy was annulled?
Answer: Catalonia and the Basque provinces
Question: Under the control of whose army was Galicia under during this war?
Answer: Franco's
Question: Which prominent journalist was victim of the killings?
Answer: Manuel Lustres Rivas
Question: Which admiral who hadn't joined the rebellion was also a victim?
Answer: Antonio Azarola
Question: When did his reign end?
Answer: 1975
Question: What was Guerrilla fighter José Castro Veiga's nickname?
Answer: El Piloto
Question: And what was Benigno Andrade's?
Answer: Foucellas
Question: Which modern group now works to attain Galicia status as a nation?
Answer: Bloque Nacionalista Galego
Question: Which former minister under Franco's rule headed the autonomous government  from 1990 to 2005?
Answer: Manuel Fraga
Question: Which political party did he belong to?
Answer: Partido Popular
Question: The sinking of which oil tanker precipitated the downfall of that party's rule?
Answer: Prestige
Question: Power then passed a political coalition headed by who?
Answer: Anxo Quintana
Question: What is Galicia's surface area in sq/km?
Answer: 29,574
Question: What is its northernmost point?
Answer: Estaca de Bares
Question: And its southernmost?
Answer: Baixa Limia-Serra do Xurés
Question: What does Rías Altas mean?
Answer: High Rías
Question: WWhat does Rías Baixas mean?
Answer: Low Rías
Question: The Galician coast is estimated to have about how many archipelagos, islets, and freestanding rocks?
Answer: 316
Question: Which island is part of Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park?
Answer: Cortegada
Question: What is Galicia's main mountain range?
Answer: Macizo Galaico
Question: Its southern mountain ranges are on the border with which country?
Answer: Portugal
Question: What is Galicia is poetically known as?
Answer: country of the thousand rivers
Question: What is its longest river?
Answer: Minho
Question: Which tree species has become a problem for Galicia?
Answer: eucalyptus tree
Question: What kind of development on rivers are conservationists concerned about?
Answer: Hydroelectric
Question: Which cow species is native to Galicia?
Answer: Galician Blond
Question: Which fowl species is native to the area?
Answer: galiña de Mos
Question: One of the Special Protection Areas for birds is in which area?
Answer: Ría de Ribadeo
Question: Where is Galicia's warmest coastal station?
Answer: Pontevedra
Question: What about inland?
Answer: Ourense
Question: What about the climate of its coastal areas?
Answer: Oceanic
Question: How many rainy days does it typically have?
Answer: 129
Question: How many days with frosts?
Answer: 6
Question: A colder city like Lugo has how many days with frosts?
Answer: 40
Question: Its sunniest city, Pontevedra, gets how may hours of sunlight per year?
Answer: 2,223
Question: How many municipalities?
Answer: 315
Question: How many parishes?
Answer: 3,778
Question: How many of its numerous named locations are communities?
Answer: 40,000
Question: What are the landholdings that the farming industry uses called? 
Answer: minifundios
Question: Which two coastal regions are now major tourist destinations?
Answer: Rías Baixas and Santiago de Compostela
Question: How many tourists visited Galicia in 2007?
Answer: 5.7 million
Question: What percentage of its GDP is tourism responsible for?
Answer: 12%
Question: Which Japanese fishing port is Galicia's second to?
Answer: Tokyo
Question: Aside from the larger ports, roughly how many other organized ports are there?
Answer: 120
Question: The Autopista AP-53 was originally built by whom?
Answer: Xunta de Galicia
Question: Name another road they responsible for.
Answer: AG-41
Question: In which year did Galicia's first railway line open?
Answer: 1873
Question: What is the name of its only electrified railway?
Answer: Ponferrada-Monforte de Lemos-Ourense-Vigo
Question: What are two reasons for which Galicia's rural areas have been largely abandoned?
Answer: Economic development and mechanization of agriculture
Question: For how long was Spanish the official language of Galicia?
Answer: more than four centuries
Question: In modern times, from which year have children attended school in Galician?
Answer: 1983
Question: What was the name of the law that enacted this?
Answer: Lei de Normalización Lingüística ("Law of Linguistic Normalization"
Question: What percentage read it?
Answer: 68
Question: What percentage write it?
Answer: 57
Question: The earliest Galician-Portuguese documents date back to which year?
Answer: 1228
Question: During what era did Galician literature emerge?
Answer: Middle Ages
Question: What percentage of Galicians identify with this religion?
Answer: 73%
Question: Which church has had a large influence over Galicia since the Middle Ages?
Answer: Catholic Church
Question: Which five positions are held by church leaders?
Answer: one archbishop and four bishops
Question: Which civilization was it that founded some of the first Galician cities?
Answer: Romans
Question: Name two of these cities.
Answer: Lugo and Ourense
Question: Name another saint associated with Galicia.
Answer: Saint Senorina
Question: Which metro area is largest in terms of population?
Answer: A Coruña-Ferrol
Question: What was it's total population back in 1900?
Answer: 653,556
Question: Aside from Spain, where have Galicians emigrated to?
Answer: Latin America
Question: Which Spanish city does the Autovía A-6 lead to?
Answer: Madrid
Question: The Autovía A-8 enters Galicia on which coast?
Answer: Cantabrian
Question: USB has become what on other devices?
Answer: commonplace
Question: What has USB effectively replaced?
Answer: a variety of earlier interfaces
Question: What are the different kinds of USB connectors?
Answer: Type-A or a Type-B
Question: Why were the designs for different USB connectors made?
Answer: to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment
Question: The Type-A connector is usually what size?
Answer: the Type-A connector is usually the full size
Question: What size is the Type-B connector?
Answer: the Type-B side can vary as needed
Question: What size is the most durable from the point of designed insertion lifetime?
Answer: the "micro" size
Question: What was designed for less daily connections?
Answer: The standard and mini connectors
Question: What has reached 5,000-cycle lifetimes?
Answer: Improved mini-B connectors
Question: What was designed with frequent charging of portable devices in mind?
Answer: Micro connectors
Question: What is High Speed only supported by?
Answer: specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces
Question: SuperSpeed is only supported by?
Answer: USB 3.0 and newer interfaces
Question: How many companies developed USB's?
Answer: seven
Question: What was the goal for USB's?
Answer: to make it fundamentally easier to connect external devices to PCs
Question: Who was included in a team that worked on the standard at Intel?
Answer: Ajay Bhatt
Question: When was the original USB 1.0 Specification introduced?
Answer: January 1996
Question: How fast was the slowest data transfer rate of the USB 1.0?
Answer: 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed"
Question: What was the fastest data transfer rate of the USB 1.0?
Answer: 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed"
Question: 1.1 was the first widely used version of what?
Answer: USB
Question: When was the first widely used version of USB released?
Answer: September 1998
Question: How fast is the new SuperSpeed bus data signaling rate?
Answer: 5.0 Gbit/s
Question: What is full-duplex in SuperSpeed transfer mode?
Answer: Communication
Question: What are the power variants in USB 3.0 ports?
Answer: low-power and high-power
Question: What do the power variants provide?
Answer: 150 mA and 900 mA respectively
Question: What does the Battery Charging Specification do?
Answer: increases the power handling capability to 1.5 A
Question: What is a downfall of the Battery Charging Specification?
Answer: does not allow concurrent data transmission
Question: When were the plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s revealed?
Answer: January 2013
Question: What actually happened whenever USB 3.0 was updated?
Answer: The group ended up creating a new USB version
Question: When was USB 3.1 released?
Answer: 31 July 2013
Question: What does the USB 3.1 standard increase?
Answer: the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode
Question: When was the Type-C Specification 1.0 finalized?
Answer: August 2014
Question: What defined a new reversible-plug connector for USB devices?
Answer: USB Type-C Specification 1.0
Question: What does Type-C connect to?
Answer: both hosts and devices
Question: What connector provides four power/ground pairs?
Answer: The 24-pin double-sided connector
Question: What kind of cables does the fully featured USB Type-C contain?
Answer: active, electronically marked cables
Question: Electronically marked cables have a chip that contains what?
Answer: an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages
Question: What is the shortened version of vendor-defined messages?
Answer: (VDMs)
Question: How many devices may be connected to a host controller?
Answer: 127 devices
Question: How are USB devices linked?
Answer: in series through hubs
Question: What HUB is built into the host controller?
Answer: the root hub
Question: The design of the USB is asymmetrical in its what?
Answer: topology
Question: How many devices can be connected to a host controller?
Answer: Up to 127 devices
Question: What hub is built into the host controller?
Answer: the root hub
Question: A USB host may implement how many host controllers?
Answer: multiple
Question: How many USB ports may a host controller provide?
Answer: one or more USB ports
Question: A single device can provide an audio device function such as?
Answer: built-in microphone
Question: A single device can provide a video device function such as?
Answer: a webcam
Question: A USB connection is based on what?
Answer: pipes (logical channels)
Question: What is a pipe named at?
Answer: an endpoint
Question: Where do pipes correspond?
Answer: 1-to-1 to endpoints
Question: How many endpoints can a USB device have?
Answer: up to 32 endpoints
Question: If the direction of the data transfer is from the device to the host, what does the host send?
Answer: the host sends an IN packet
Question: What does a bi-directional endpoint accept?
Answer: both IN and OUT packets
Question: What is sent if the direction of the data transfer is from host to endpoint?
Answer: an OUT packet
Question: What is started when a USB is first connected to a host?
Answer: enumeration process
Question: What does the enumeration process start by doing?
Answer: sending a reset signal to the USB device
Question: What id the data rate determined during?
Answer: the reset signaling
Question: When is the device assigned a unique 7-bit address?
Answer: After reset
Question: What happens whenever a USB host is restarted?
Answer: the enumeration process is repeated for all connected devices.
Question: What do transaction translators do?
Answer: convert between high-speed USB 2.0 buses and full and low speed buses
Question: When does a USB 2.0 hub operate in high speed mode?
Answer: When a high-speed USB 2.0 hub is plugged into a high-speed USB host or hub
Question: What kind of devices do High speed USB 2.0's contain?
Answer: transaction translators
Question: What are the standards called that implement connections to storage devices?
Answer: the USB mass storage device class (MSC or UMS)
Question: What is the process of making a novel device look like a familiar device?
Answer: extension
Question: Why is the ability to boot write-locked SD cards with a USB adapter advantageous for?
Answer: maintaining the integrity and non-corruptible, pristine state of the booting medium.
Question: Since when can most computers boot from USB mass storage devices?
Answer: since mid-2004
Question: What is USB not intended for?
Answer: a primary bus for a computer's internal storage
Question: What is an important advantage of USB?
Answer: it is possible to install and remove devices without rebooting the computer
Question: Buses such as Parallel ATA fulfill what role in PC computers?
Answer: a computer's internal storage
Question: What do external portable USB hard drive disks offer?
Answer: performance comparable to internal drives
Question: What is the most recent standard for external drive connectivity?
Answer: Thunderbolt
Question: What do the external drives typically include?
Answer: a "translating device"
Question: Why was Media Transfer Protocol designed?
Answer: to give higher-level access to a device's filesystem
Question: What was MTP originally designed for?
Answer: use with portable media players
Question: Why has MTP become the primary storage access protocol of the Android operating system?
Answer: MTP does not require exclusive access to the storage device the way UMS does
Question: What do older computers have to have in order for USB mice and keyboards to be used?
Answer: PS/2 connectors with the aid of a small USB-to-PS/2 adapter
Question: What is the hardware designed to detect in USB mice and keyboards?
Answer: whether it is connected to a USB or PS/2 port
Question: USB keyboards and mice may communicate using what?
Answer: appropriate protocol
Question: What connects PS/2 keyboards and mice to a USB port?
Answer: Converters
Question: What performs bidirectional data translation between two standards?
Answer: a microcontroller
Question: What is difficult to do with a USB plug?
Answer: to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly
Question: The USB specification states that the required USB icon must be what?
Answer: embossed on the "topside" of the USB plug
Question: How is the USB icon located to each receptacle?
Answer: adjacent
Question: Receptacles should be oriented to allow the icon on the plug to what?
Answer: to be visible during the mating process
Question: What do Type-b receptacles do on target devices?
Answer: draw power
Question: What do the receptacles prevent user from doing?
Answer: from accidentally connecting two USB power supplies to each other
Question: What networks do USB not support?
Answer: cyclic networks
Question: Why were standard connectors designed to be so robust?
Answer: the connectors would be used more frequently
Question: What as a drawback of previous connectors?
Answer: Many previous connector designs were fragile
Question: How are the electrical contents of a USB connector protected?
Answer: by an adjacent plastic tongue
Question: How is the entire connecting assembly of a USB connector protected?
Answer: by an enclosing metal sheath
Question: What provides a degree of protection from interference with the USB signal?
Answer: This enclosure design
Question: This type of stage make-break timing allows for what?
Answer: electrically safe hot-swapping.
Question: What are the newer micro-USB receptacles designed for?
Answer: a minimum rated lifetime of 10,000 cycles of insertion
Question: What is the minimum rated lifetime for the standard USB receptacle?
Answer: 1,500
Question: After a leaf-spring was moved from jack to the plug, the most stressed part was found where?
Answer: on the cable side of the connection
Question: Why was the change made for the USB device?
Answer: so that the connector on the less expensive cable would bear the most wear
Question: What type of tolerances does the USB standard specify for compliant USB connectors?
Answer: loose tolerances
Question: Why were loose tolerances allowed for compliant USB connectors?
Answer: to minimize physical incompatibilities in connectors from different vendors
Question: How is a weakness addressed in some other connector standards?
Answer: the USB specification also defines limits to the size of a connecting device
Question: Due to size restrictions compliant devices must what?
Answer: fit within the size restrictions or support a compliant extension cable that does
Question: Hosts and devices only have what in terms of connecting to a USB device?
Answer: receptacles
Question: Devices usually have what type of receptacle?
Answer: one or another Type-B variety
Question: Hosts almost always have what type of receptacle?
Answer: Type-A receptacles
Question: What has been used to connect digital cameras. smartphones and other devices to tablet computers?
Answer: Various connectors
Question: What was standard for transferring data to and from the earlier type of smartphones?
Answer: The mini-B USB connector
Question: How large are both mini-A and mini-B plugs?
Answer: approximately 3 by 7 mm
Question: When were the mini-A connector and and the mini-AB receptacle connector depreceated?
Answer: 23 May 2007
Question: What is the micro connector designed for?
Answer: to reduce the mechanical wear on the device
Question: What is the easier-to-replace cable designed for?
Answer: to bear the mechanical wear of connection and disconnection
Question: What is the micro-plug rated for?
Answer: 10,000 connect-disconnect cycles
Question: In 2007 who endorsed micro-USB as the standard connector for data and power on mobile devices?
Answer: The cellular phone carrier group Open Mobile Terminal Platform
Question: When did the ITU announce that it had embraced micro-USB as the Universal Charging Solution?
Answer: 22 October 2009
Question: What has energy-efficient one-charger-fits-all new mobile phone solution?
Answer: micro-USB
Question: Who defined a common External Power Supply for use with smartphones sold?
Answer: The European Standardisation Bodies CEN, CENELEC and ETSI
Question: How many mobile phone manufacturers signed the EU's common EPS (MoU)?
Answer: 14
Question: Who was one of the original MoU signers?
Answer: Apple
Question: What are all USB On-The-Go devices required to have?
Answer: one, and only one, USB connector
Question: Non-OTG compliant devices are not allowed to use what?
Answer: the micro-AB receptacle
Question: Why are the Non-OTG compliant devices not allowed to use the micro-AB receptacle?
Answer: power supply shorting hazards on the VBUS line
Question: The OTG device with the B-plug inserted is called what?
Answer: B-device
Question: What does an OTG device default to with no plug inserted?
Answer: to acting as a B-device
Question: What is the A-device responsible for?
Answer: powering the USB interface when required
Question: What kind of wires does the USB 2.0 variant use?
Answer: four shielded wires
Question: What are the four shielded wires in the USB 2.0 variant used for?
Answer: two for power (VBUS and GND), and two for differential data signals
Question: How long is the maximum cable length the USB 2.0 provides?
Answer: 5 meters for devices running at Hi Speed
Question: What is the maximum acceptable delay per cable?
Answer: 26 ns
Question: What does theUSB 2.0 specification require?
Answer: cable delay be less than 5.2 ns per meter
Question: What is a unit load defined as?
Answer: 100 mA in USB 1.x and 2.0
Question: How much is a unit load in USB 3.0?
Answer: 150 mA
Question: What is the maximum amount of load a USB 1. and 2.0 device may draw?
Answer: five unit loads
Question: What is the maximum amount of load a USB 3.0 device may draw?
Answer: six unit loads
Question: What is an example of a device that requires more than 500 mA of current?
Answer: high-speed external disk drives
Question: What is an issue that may occur if a high-speed external disk drive is powered from just one USB 2.0 port.
Answer: may have power issues
Question: What does USB compliance specification prohibit?
Answer: "use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs)
Question: What defines a new type of USB port, called the charging port?
Answer: The USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1
Question: When was the USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 released?
Answer: in 2007
Question: What was the USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.1 called?
Answer: the charging port
Question: What does a charging port supply?
Answer: up to 500 mA at 5 V
Question: What can a portable device recognize?
Answer: the type of USB port
Question: What are the D+ and D- shortened with?
Answer: a resistance not exceeding 200 ohms
Question: What does the USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.2 make clear of?
Answer: there are safety limits to the rated current at 5 A coming from USB 2.0
Question: What does revision 1.2 remove?
Answer: USB ports type detection via resistive detection mechanisms
Question: When was USB Battery Charging Specification Revision 1.2 released?
Answer: in 2010
Question: When did the USB Promoters Group announce the finalization of the USB Power Delivery specification?
Answer: In July 2012
Question: What can devices request?
Answer: higher currents and supply voltages from compliant hosts
Question: In all cases, both host-to-device and device-to-host configurations are what?
Answer: supported
Question: The USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification has been released as part of what?
Answer: USB 3.1
Question: What does the USB Power Delivery revision 2.0 specification cover?
Answer: Type-C cable and connector with four power/ground pairs and a separate configuration channel
Question: Power delivery protocols have been updated to facilitate what?
Answer: Type-C features
Question: What can sleep-and-charge USB ports be used to do?
Answer: charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off
Question: What is normally powered off whenever the computer is off?
Answer: USB ports
Question: What remain powered even whenever the computer is powered off?
Answer: Sleep-and-charge USB ports
Question: On what laptops are the USB ports marked with a USB symbol with an added lightening bolt icon?
Answer: On Dell and Toshiba laptops
Question: What does dell call the feature that lets USB drives to remain powered when the computer is off?
Answer: PowerShare
Question: On what laptops are the sleep-and-charge marked with a non-standard symbol?
Answer: On Acer Inc. and Packard Bell laptops
Question: When did the GSM Association follow suit?
Answer: 17 February 2009
Question: When was this further endorsed by the CTIA?
Answer: 22 April 2009
Question: UCS chargers will also include what?
Answer: a 4-star or higher efficiency rating
Question: When did many of the largest mobile phone manufacturers sign an EC-sponsored MoU?
Answer: June 2009
Question: What did the MoU make the manufacturers agree to do?
Answer: to make most data-enabled mobile phones marketed in the European Union compatible with a common External Power Supply
Question: When did the IEC release its version of the common EPS standard as IEC 62684:2011?
Answer: January 2011
Question: Some USB devices require what?
Answer: more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port.
Question: Some devices such as an external hard and optical disk drive can use what?
Answer: an external power supply
Question: What is another alternative for power for an external hard and optical disk drive?
Answer: a dual-input USB cable
Question: What is the purpose of a dual-input USB cable?
Answer: one input of which is used for power and data transfer, the other solely for power
Question: When is the inrush current affected by the USB specification?
Answer: when the device is first connected
Question: What are USB devices required to enter?
Answer: ultra low-power suspend mode when the USB host is suspended
Question: Many USB host interfaces do not what?
Answer: cut off the power supply to USB devices when they are suspended
Question: What do some non-standard USB devices use?
Answer: the 5 V power supply without participating in a proper USB network
Question: What Negotiates power draw with the host interface?
Answer: the 5 V power supply
Question: What does the USB specification require prior to the Battery Charging Specification?
Answer: that devices connect in a low-power mode (100 mA maximum) and communicate their current requirements to the host
Question: How is the USB data transmitted?
Answer: by toggling the data lines between the J state and the opposite K state
Question: What does USB use to encode data?
Answer: the NRZI line coding
Question: To ensure a minimum density of signal transitions  remains in the bitsream, what does USB use?
Answer: bit stuffing
Question: What is a USB packet's end called?
Answer: EOP (end-of-packet)
Question: What can skew due to hubs add?
Answer: as much as one bit time before the SE0 of the end of packet
Question: What can this extra bit result in?
Answer: "bit stuff violation
Question: What type of protocol is used for USB 2.0 devices during a reset?
Answer: a special protocol
Question: What is the special protocol during a USB 2.0 device reset called?
Answer: chirping
Question:  A device that is HS capable first connects as a what?
Answer: an FS device (D+ pulled high)
Question: Write operations to typical Hi-Speed hard drives can what?
Answer: sustain rates of 25–30 MB/s,
Question:  For USB 3.0, typical write speed is what?
Answer: 70–90 MB/s
Question: What is the read speed for USB 3.0?
Answer: 90–110 MB/s
Question: After the sync field, all packets are made of how many bit bytes?
Answer: 8-bit bytes
Question: How are the bit bytes transmitted?
Answer: least-significant bit first
Question: The first byte is what?
Answer: a packet identifier (PID) byte
Question: When are handshake packets generally sent?
Answer: in response to data packets
Question: What is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form?
Answer: Error detection
Question: IN and OUT tokens contain what?
Answer: a seven-bit device number and four-bit function number
Question: An IN token expects what?
Answer: a response from a device
Question: An OUT token is followed immediately by a what?
Answer: DATAx frame
Question:  a larger three-byte SPLIT token with a seven-bit hub number, 12 bits of control flags, and a five-bit CRC were created to do what?
Answer: to perform split transactions
Question:  Rather than tie up the high-bandwidth USB bus sending data to a slower USB device, what happens?
Answer: the nearest high-bandwidth capable hub receives a SPLIT token followed by one or two USB packets at high bandwidth
Question: How many bits of control flags did USB 2.0 add?
Answer: 12 bits
Question: There are two basic forms of data packet, what are they?
Answer: DATA0 and DATA1
Question: A data packet must always be preceded by what?
Answer: an address token
Question: What is a data packet usually followed by?
Answer: a handshake token from the receiver back to the transmitter
Question: Low-bandwidth devices are supported with what?
Answer: a special PID value, PRE
Question: All PID bytes include how many 0 bits?
Answer: four 0 bits
Question:  Full-bandwidth devices other than hubs can what?
Answer: simply ignore the PRE packet and its low-bandwidth contents
Question: USB was designed for what?
Answer: simplicity and low cost
Question: FireWire was designed for what?
Answer: high performance, particularly in time-sensitive applications such as audio and video
Question: FireWire 400 is faster than what?
Answer: USB 2.0 Hi-Bandwidth in real-use
Question: The IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard specifies a what?
Answer: more elaborate power negotiation scheme than powered USB
Question: Is USB cheaper or more expensive than PoE?
Answer: cheaper
Question: What keeps USB cheaper than PoE?
Answer: the distance is short, and power demand is low.
Question: USB  was designed for peripherals to be what?
Answer: closely associated with a host computer
Question: USB connects what?
Answer: the peripheral and host grounds
Question: Ethernet standards require what?
Answer: isolation between the networked device (computer, phone, etc.) and the network cable up to 1500 V AC or 2250 V DC for 60 seconds
Question: Even though USB 3.0's 4.5 W is sometimes insufficient to power external hard drives, technology is what?
Answer: advancing and external drives gradually need less power
Question: On a notebook eSATAp usually supplies how much power?
Answer: 5 V to power a 2.5-inch HDD/SSD
Question: USB 2.0 High-Speed Inter-Chip (HSIC) is a what?
Answer: chip-to-chip variant of USB 2.0
Question: What does USB 2.0 High-Speed Inter-Chip eliminate?
Answer: the conventional analog transceivers found in normal USB
Question: When was the USB 2.0 High-Speed Inter-Chip adopted as the standard by the USB Implementers Forum
Answer: 2007
Question: What was Sichuan referred to as by ancient Chinese sources?
Answer: Ba-Shu
Question: How far back can civilizations in the Yangtze region be dated?
Answer: at least the 15th century BC
Question: Where were the kingdoms of Ba and Shu located?
Answer: within the Sichuan Basin
Question: What land was included in the kingdom of Ba?
Answer: Chongqing and the land in eastern Sichuan along the Yangtze and some tributary streams
Question: What land was included in the kingdom of Shu?
Answer: Chengdu, its surrounding plain and adjacent territories in western Sichuan
Question: What dates bsck to the 1500's BC on the Yangtze region?
Question: What dates to the early Shang and Zhou dynasties?
Question: What dynasties ruled in the Central China Yangtze region?
Question: What was Ba-Shu referred to in ancient Chinese?
Question: What was the Zhou dynasty referred to as by Chinese sources?
Question: How far back can civilizations in the Changdu region be dated?
Question: Where were the kingdoms of Shang and Zhou located?
Question: What ancient Chinese history was included in the kindgom of Shu?
Question: What ancient Chinese history was included in the kingdom of Ba?
Question: What did Emperor  Duyu transform himself into after his death?
Answer: a cuckoo
Question: What does the name Shu refer to?
Answer: Sichuan in subsequent periods in Chinese history up to the present day.
Question: When was the site believed to be ancient city of Shu discovered, and by whom?
Answer: a local farmer in 1929
Question: The Shu were an ally of who, according to the Book of Documents?
Answer: the Zhou
Question: When were the Chronicles of Huayang compiled?
Answer: the Jin dynasty (265–420)
Question: What civilization is well documented in China's historical records?
Question: What book is one of the only written refrences to Zhou?
Question: What local annual refers to Zhou in a mixture of myths and historical legends?
Question: What iron age city was discovered in 1986?
Question: What civilization was Sichuan less developed than?
Question: What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the west?
Answer: the Himalayas
Question: What mountains surround the Sichuan basin to the North?
Answer: Qin Mountains
Question: What river flows through the Sichuan basin?
Answer: Yangtze
Question: Where was the Qin dynasty based?
Answer: present-day Gansu and Shaanxi
Question: What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the South?
Answer: mountainous areas of Yunnan
Question: What mountain range surrounds the entire Sichuan Basin?
Question: What dynasty was based in the Himalayas?
Question: What river flows south of the Sichuan basin?
Question: What mountain range was a staging area for military forces?
Question: What surrounds the Sichuan basin to the east?
Question: What mountains surround the China basin to the North?
Question: What river flows through the China basin?
Question: Where was the Yangtze dynasty based?
Question: What surrounds the China basin to the South?
Question: By what year did the Qin armies finish their conquest of Shu and Ba?
Answer: 316 BC
Question: What did Qin administrators introduce to Shu and Ba?
Answer: improved agricultural technology.
Question: Who engineered the Dujiangyan irrigation system to control the Min River?
Answer: Li Bing
Question: The Min River is a major tributary of what river? 
Answer: Yangtze
Question: The Dujiangyan irrigation system was used for what purpose?
Answer: to either provide irrigation or prevent floods.
Question: Who began their conquest of Shu and Ba in 316 BC?
Question: What was preserved during the Qin conquest?
Question: Who tried to control the Yangtze river?
Question: What was built to control the Yangtze river?
Question: The Yantze is a major tributary of what river?
Question: By what year did the Quin armies finish their conquest of Yangtze?
Question: What did Qin administrators introduce to Yangtze?
Question: Who engineered the Dujangyan irrigation sytem to control China?
Question: The Qin River is a major tributary of what river?
Question: The Min irrigation system was used for what purpose?
Question: During which dynasty did Sichuan regain its political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han?
Answer: Tang dynasty
Question: Who was known as China's greatest poet and lived in Chengdu?
Answer: Du Fu
Question: What was Chengu known to supply the country with?
Answer: armies
Question: Which years saw the An Lushan Rebellion?
Answer: 755-763
Question: Which empire ravished the Chengdu region with constant warfare and economic distress?
Answer: the Tibetan Empire
Question: Who regained their prominence under the Sui dynasty?
Question: Who came under tight control during the Tang dynasty?
Question: What revolt took place in the 7th century?
Question: Who fled from Sichuan to Chang'an?
Question: What region was liberated by the Tibetan Empire?
Question: During which dynasty did Sichuan regain its political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Tibetan Empire?
Question: Who was known as China's greatest poet and lived in Tang?
Question: What was Chengu known to supply the Tibetan Empire with?
Question: Which years saw the Han Rebellion?
Question: Which empire ravished the Lushan region with constant warfare and economic distress?
Question: Which region did Yellow Tiger conquer in the mid-17th century?
Answer: Sichuan
Question: Which dynasty did Yellow Tiger declare himself the emperor of? 
Answer: Daxi Dynasty
Question: Which province supplied a large amount of people to the Sichuan resettlement, following years of turmoil during the Ming-Qing transition?
Answer: Huguang Province
Question: Who lead the peasant rebelion in the mid 1700's?
Question: Where was the rebel leader born in the 16th century from?
Question: What was the nickname of the man who led the rebelion in the 1700's?
Question: Who conquered the Daxi Dynasty?
Question: During what dynasty did the population of Schuan rise sharply?
Question: What was the nickname revel leader Daxi Dynasty?
Question: Which region did Huguang conquer in the mid-17th century?
Question: Which Dynasty did Huguang declare himself an emperor of?
Question: Which province supplied a large amount of troops to the Sichuan resettlement, following years of turmoil during the Ming-Qing transition?
Question: Why did the population of Yellow Tiger fall?
Question: To which city was the Chinese capitol relocated to during Japanese occupation in the 20th century? 
Answer: Chongqing
Question: What are some major cities occupied by the Chinese during the Second Sino-Japanese War?
Answer: Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, and Wuhan
Question: What are some inland provinces that began to develop modern, westernized education systems? 
Answer: Shaanxi, Gansu, and Guizhou
Question: What are some reasons for the lack of accurate Japanese bombing during the Second Sino-Japanese War in the Sichuan Basin?
Answer: The difficulty of accessing the region overland from the eastern part of China and the foggy climate
Question: What regions where occuppied dring the first Sino-Japanese War?
Question: Where was the capital relocated to during the First Sino-Japanese War?
Question: What caused inland provinces to lose Western-style universities?
Question: What made the Sichuan basin suseptable to bombing?
Question: Who fled the area during 1938-45?
Question: To which city was the Gansu capitol relocated to during Japanese occupation in the 20th century?
Question: What are some major cities occupied by the Chinese during the foggy climate?
Question: What are some inland provinces that began to develop major cities?
Question: What are some reasons for the lack of accurate Japanese capitals the Second Sino-Japanese War in the Sichuan Basin?
Question: When was Guizhou the stronghold of Chiang Kai-Shek Koumintang's government?
Question: What group was the main antagonist during the Chinese Civil War?
Answer: the Communists
Question: Who led the defense of Chongqing in November 1949?
Answer: Chiang Kai-Shek
Question: On what date in 1949 did Chengdu fall to the communists?
Answer: 10 December
Question: Why did Sichuan see some communist activity?
Answer: it was one area on the road of the Long March
Question: What resumed after the First Sino-Japanese War?
Question: What happened to the cities of west China?
Question: What government fled sichuan again?
Question: Who flew from Chongqing to Tawian to lead the defense in 1949?
Question: What other city fell following the fall of Chendu?
Question: What group was the on the defense during the Chinese Civil War?
Question: Who led the defense of Burma in November 1949?
Question: On what date in 1949 did Changdu fall to Chiang Kai-Shek?
Question: Why did Sichuan see some strongholds on the mainland?
Question: Which government tried to make Burma its stronghold?
Question: What Chinese Province had the largest population until 1997?
Answer: Sichuan
Question: Why did Sichuan lose its status as the most populous Province in 1997?
Answer: Chongqing as well as the three surrounding prefectures of Fuling, Wanxian, and Qianjiang were split off into the new Chongqing Municipality.
Question: Why was the Chongqing Municipality formed?
Answer: to spearhead China's effort to economically develop its western provinces
Question: Why did China need to resettle people into Chongqing?
Answer: the Three Gorges Dam project.
Question: What was the population of Sichuan in 1982?
Answer: 99,730,000
Question: During what period was Sichuan China's most sparsley populated area?
Question: What provinces where combined in 1997?
Question: Who was trying to develop its eastern provinces?
Question: Why were some municipalities eliminated?
Question: What Chinese Province had the largest population until 1955?
Question: Why did Sichuan lose its status as the most populous Province in 1955?
Question: Why was the Quianjiang Municipality formed?
Question: Why did China need to resettle people into Gorges?
Question: What was the population of Sichuan in 1955?
Question: What makes up majority of the eastern Sichuan province?
Answer: Sichuan basin
Question: Western Sichuan is delineated by what mountain range?
Answer: Hengduan Mountains
Question: Which mountain range contains the highest point in the Gongga Shan province?
Answer: Daxue Mountains
Question: How many feet above sea level is the highest point of the Saxue Mountains?
Answer: 24,790 ft
Question: What province has similar eastern and western parts?
Question: What is formed by the mountains in eastern Sichuan?
Question: What basin covers most of western Sichuan?
Question: What mountain range in eastern Sichuan contains the highest point of the province?
Question: How many distinct parts make up Tibet?
Question: What makes up majority of the eastern Qinghai province?
Question: Which mountain range contains the highest point in the Chongquing province?
Question: Which mountain range contains the highest point in the Qinghai province?
Question: How many feet above sea level is the highest point of the Hangduan Mountains?
Question: Which river flows through the Sichuan Basin?
Answer: Yangtze River
Question: Which tributary of the Yangtze flows through central Sichuan?
Answer: Min River
Question: What are the 4 main rivers in Sichuan?
Answer: Jaling Jiang, Tuo Jiang, Yalong Jiang, and Jinsha Jiang
Question: Name some cities downstream of the Yangtze river that are to the east of Sichuan.
Answer: Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai
Question: What river flows through eastern Sichuan?
Question: What province is downstream from the large cities along the Yangtze?
Question: what cities are west of Sichuan?
Question: The Yangtze is a trubutary of what river?
Question: Which river flows through the Nanjing Basin?
Question: Which tributary of the Yangtze flows through central Jaling Jaling?
Question: What are the 4 main rivers in Chongquing?
Question: Name some cities downstream of the Yangtze river that are to the west of Sichuan?
Question: What joins the Wuhan at Yibin?
Question: What area of China has the least amount of sunlight?
Answer: the Sichuan Basin
Question: Garze County and Zoige County in Sichuan experience what kind of climate?
Answer: subarctic climate
Question: What is the range of average elevation in the Sichuan Basin?
Answer: 2,000 to 3,500 meters
Question: What is the range of average temperature in the Sichuan Basin?
Answer: 0 to 15 °C
Question: What basin area has a humid tropical climate?
Question: What area of China has the least amount of sunlight?
Question: What two counties have an arctic climate?
Question: Whare is the average elevation 2,000 tp 3.000 miles?
Question: What climate classification does the Garze Basin hold?
Question: What area of China has the least amount of earthquakes?