huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What university did Jeh Johnson work for?
Question: What did Obama say the military fight would be replaced with?
Question: Who did Pentagon staff members request to avoid the term war on terror?
Question: Who said the 'war on terrorism' is 'an entire language of discourse'?
Answer: Richard Jackson
Question: Who said that 9/11 drew a line between 'the civil and the savage'?
Answer: John Ashcroft
Question: What did the Bush administration describe as parasitical?
Answer: terrorists
Question: What did the Bush administration describe as heroic?
Answer: Americans
Question: What job title does Richard Ashcroft hold?
Question: What statement did John Jackson give?
Question: What has Richard Ashcroft argued about the "war on terrorism?"
Question: Of whom does Richard Jackson cite many examples?
Question: Who said the actions involved in war on terrorism are diffuse?
Question: What is John Ashcroft's job?
Question: Who did Jackson say was treacherous?
Question: Who did Ashcroft say was brave?
Question: What has clear criteria?
Question: When did the Soviets leave Afghanistan?
Answer: February 1989
Question: Which countries supported Afghan islamists against the Soviets?
Answer: United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China
Question: Who did Osama bin Laden volunteer to help fight in the 80s?
Answer: Soviets
Question: Which group later became al-Qaeda?
Answer: World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders
Question: What took place from February 1979 to December 1989?
Question: What group started forming in February 1996?
Question: What did Osama bin Laden sign in May 1998?
Question: Who did Osama bin Laden declare war against in a February 1998 video?
Question: What is the WIJFAJC also known as?
Question: What war did al-Qaeda start in 1979?
Question: Who sponsored bin Laden in 1996?
Question: What was WIFJAJC originally called?
Question: What document declared war on the Soviet Union?
Question: Who volunteered to fight with the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas?
Question: When did al-Qaeda attack the US embassy in Kenya?
Answer: 7 August 1998
Question: How many people were killed when al-Qaeda attacked US embassies in 1998?
Answer: 224
Question: How many Americans were killed when al-Qaeda attacked US embassies in 1998?
Answer: 12
Question: What operation did Bill Clinton start to retaliate for the 1998 embassy attacks?
Answer: Operation Infinite Reach
Question: How much of Sudan's medicines were produced by a pharmaceutical plant Clinton's operation bombed?
Answer: around 50%
Question: What happened on 8 August 1997?
Question: Who launched Operation Reach Infinite?
Question: Where was the pharmaceutical plant said to produce 12% of Sudan's pharmaceutical needs?
Question: What happened to kill 224 people, including 50 Americans?
Question: How many people did Operation Infinite Reach kill?
Question: When was Operation Infinite Reach launched?
Question: What percentage of Afghanistan's pharmaceutical needs were produced by the plant?
Question: What operation killed several members of the Taliban?
Question: Which US embassies were bombed in Operation Infinite Reach?
Question: How many al-Qaeda operatives hijacked planes on 9/11?
Answer: 19
Question: Where were the 9/11 planes originally going?
Answer: California
Question: Which al-Qaeda cell were the 9/11 hijackers members of?
Answer: Hamburg
Question: How soon after planes crashed into them did the WTC towers collapse?
Answer: within two hours
Question: What building is located in Shanksville, Virginia?
Question: What area of Arlington, Pennsylvania did the fourth plane crash?
Question: How many victims perished in addition to the 11 hijackers in the attacks?
Question: Where were the airliners leaving from?
Question: How long did it take for the Pentagon to collapse?
Question: How many passengers died?
Question: What cell were the passengers and crew part of?
Question: Which plane crashed into the White House?
Question: What law was signed on Sep 14, 2001?
Answer: Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists
Question: Who did the AUMF authorize the US military attacking?
Answer: those responsible for the attacks on 11 September 2001
Question: What law did Congress refer to as a basic for the AUMF?
Answer: section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution
Question: When was the War Powers Resolution passed?
Answer: 1973
Question: What is UAMF also known as?
Question: What was made law on 11 September 2001?
Question: What resolution was written in 1974?
Question: What does the AUMF authorize Congress?
Question: What was made law on 11 September?
Question: Which section of AUMF authorized armed forces to respond?
Question: What month was the War Powers Resolution signed?
Question: Who authorized AUMF?
Question: What previous resolution did AUMF contradict?
Question: Who helped the US invade Afghanistan?
Answer: UK and coalition allies
Question: What was the goal of the US invading Afghanistan?
Answer: oust the Taliban regime
Question: When did the US begin airstrikes on Afghanistan?
Answer: 7 October 2001
Question: Where did bin Laden escape to in Dec 2001?
Answer: Pakistan
Question: What city fell by mid-October in the invasion of Afghanistan?
Question: What region did Coalition forces fight in during November?
Question: Who escaped to Tora Bora, Pakistan during the December battle?
Question: When did Afghanistan forces invade the UK?
Question: Who allied with Afghanistan?
Question: What fell in October 2001?
Question: What is the name of the mountain range in Kabul?
Question: Who escaped into Afghanistan in December?
Question: In what parts of Afghanistan did the Taliban attack Coalition forces in 2002?
Answer: southern and eastern
Question: What operation began in Feb 2010?
Answer: Operation Moshtarak
Question: Where did Operation Moshtarak take place?
Answer: southern Afghanistan
Question: When did Afghanistan sign a security agreement with the US?
Answer: September 2014
Question: Where did the Taliban regroup in late 2001?
Question: What operation did Coalition forces launch in February 2002?
Question: What did Afghanistan and the US sign in December 2014?
Question: What will continued NATO operations within Afghanistan be known as?
Question: Where did Coalition forces regroup?
Question: What was the name of the insurgent-style offensive the Taliban used?
Question: What did NATO and the US sign in 2014?
Question: When do NATO forces have to leave Afghanistan by?
Question: What was the name of the security agreement?
Question: Where did the USSOC Pacific deploy to in Jan 2002?
Answer: Philippines
Question: What was the goal of the 2002 Philippines deployment?
Answer: combating Filipino Islamist groups
Question: What was the main Filipino Islamist group being attacked?
Answer: Abu Sayyaf
Question: What humanitarian effort followed the 2002 military operation in the Philippines?
Answer: Operation Smiles
Question: What did Operation Smiles do for the Philippines?
Answer: provide medical care and services to the region of Basilan
Question: What island did Abu Islamiyah and Jemaah Sayyaf have a stronghold on?
Question: What was the goal of "Smiles Operation?"
Question: What disbanded in November 2014?
Question: Who operated under the name "PAMOC Augmentation Team?"
Question: Who was deployed to help the Filipino Islamist groups?
Question: How long had the Abu Sayyaf group been in Basilan?
Question: What did PACOM Augmentation Team rename itself as?
Question: What was the name of the operation to remove Abu Sayyaf?
Question: Where was the headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines?
Question: How many people were killed by US Special Forces on Sep 14, 2009?
Answer: two
Question: Where was the Sep 14, 2009 action?
Answer: near the Somali village of Baarawe
Question: What country's ships did some witnesses say were involved in the Baarawe attack?
Answer: French
Question: What Somali group is affiliated with al-Qaeda?
Answer: Al-Shabaab
Question: What nationality was Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan?
Answer: Kenyan
Question: What did U.S. Special Forces do on 14 September 2002?
Question: What was the title for Saleh Nabhan Saleh Ali?
Question: Who was wanted in connection with the 2002 Kenyan attacks?
Question: Witnesses from what village claim they saw French-flagged warships?
Question: How many US Special Forces were killed on 14 September 2009?
Question: How many were captured in the 2002 Mombasa attacks?
Question: What was the name of the village attacked in Mombasa?
Question: What nationality were the warships confirmed as?
Question: What was the name of the Kenyan al-Qaeda group?
Question: What group were the Mali radicals affiliated with?
Answer: al-Qaeda
Question: When did France provide troops in Mali?
Answer: January 2013
Question: What did France call its Mali operation?
Answer: Operation Serval
Question: What was Operation Serval's goal?
Answer: dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali
Question: Where did a conflict begin in January 2013?
Question: What government asked for help from the national community for combating Islamic militants?
Question: What country intervened on behalf of the Malian government in January 2012?
Question: When was Serval Operation launched?
Question: On whose behalf did the Malian government intervene?
Question: What was the name of the Islamist advance into northern Mali?
Question: When were al-Qaeda groups removed from northern Mali?
Question: What did the French government struggle to maintain?
Question: Who did Islamic militants request help from?
Question: How did the first Gulf War end?
Answer: ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended)
Question: Who did the US try to protect in Iraq after the first Gulf War?
Answer: Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'a Arab population
Question: Which region of Iraq do the Kurds live in?
Answer: northern
Question: Which region of Iraq do the Shi'a live in?
Answer: southern
Question: What was instituted to protect Iraq's Arab and Shi'a Kurdish population?
Question: Who suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before the Gulf War?
Question: What operation was launched against Iraq in November 1995?
Question: What did Iraq fail to meet in 1995?
Question: What year did the first Gulf War end?
Question: What did the US and its allies do once the hostilities were officially over?
Question: What was launched in 1995?
Question: Who was trying to protect the Hussein regime?
Question: What Iraqi populations attacked the Hussein regime?
Question: When was the first ground attack in the post-9/11 Iraq war?
Answer: 21 March 2003
Question: Which nationalities worked together in the Battle of Umm Qasr?
Answer: British, American and Polish
Question: When did the US capture Baghdad?
Answer: April 2003
Question: When did Bush say 'major combat operations' were complete in Iraq?
Answer: 1 May 2003
Question: What regime were Hussein loyalists part of?
Answer: Ba'ath
Question: When did the Battle of Qasr Umm take place?
Question: What city fell to American forces in May 2003?
Question: What announcement did Bush make on 1 April 2003?
Question: Who was captured in December 2006?
Question: Who did the Bath regime include?
Question: What country is Umm Qasr the capital of?
Question: When did American forces fall?
Question: When did Saddam Hussein announce the operations had ended?
Question: What had fewer casualties than the invasion?
Question: When was the Islamic Caliphate executed by US forces?
Question: With support from Syrians, what did the Iraq branch of Al Qaeda rename themselves to?
Answer: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS/ISIL)
Question: What part of Iraq did ISIS invade?
Answer: western
Question: Who denounced ISIS?
Answer: Al Qaeda's core organization
Question: What relationship do Al Qaeda and ISIS now have?
Answer: competition
Question: What group split the Iraq insurgency and Syrian Civil War?
Question: What group publicly denounced al-Qaeda?
Question: Which two groups do analysts believe have combined?
Question: Where is ISIS's core organization?
Question: What country did Syria covertly invade?
Question: When did Obama launch airstrikes on ISIS?
Answer: 10 August 2014
Question: What law did Obama cite on Sep 9, 2014?
Answer: the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists
Question: When did Obama make a speech about ISIS on TV?
Answer: 10 September 2014
Question: Which countries worked together to bomb ISIS on Sep 21-22, 2014?
Answer: the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar
Question: Where were the Sep 21-22 airstrikes?
Answer: Syria
Question: When did Iraq reengage with the Obama administration?
Question: Who did Iraq aim their airstrikes at?
Question: Who is the president of Iraq?
Question: What law did Congress cite, allowing it to take action against ISIS?
Question: Which countries did ISIS launch an air attack against on 21/22 September?
Question: Which Pakistan president supported the US attacking the Taliban?
Answer: Pervez Musharraf
Question: How many Pakistan airbases did Musharraf let the US use?
Answer: three
Question: What was the name of the US's Afghanistan operation?
Answer: Operation Enduring Freedom
Question: Who was the US Secretary of State in 2001?
Answer: Colin Powell
Question: Who said he had 'war-gamed' the US?
Answer: Musharraf
Question: Which former president sided with the Taliban?
Question: How many airbases did the Taliban receive?
Question: Who was the current president of Afghanistan?
Question: What did Colin Powell testify in 2006?
Question: Who was at risk in an alliance between the US and Pakistan?
Question: When did Musharraf give an anti-Islamism speech?
Answer: 12 January 2002
Question: What did Musharraf say he'd combat?
Answer: Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan
Question: What did Musharraf ban?
Answer: militant organizations
Question: What did Musharraf say his ban wasn't influenced by?
Answer: foreign influence
Question: Who gave a speech for Islamic extremism?
Question: When were the militant organizations banned?
Question: What was extremism committed to rooting out?
Question: Who was involved in the consultations?
Question: What would be allowed to give itself a new name?
Question: When did Musharraf arrest Maulana Masood Azhar?
Answer: 2002
Question: What group did Maulana Masood Azhar lead?
Answer: Jaish-e-Mohammed
Question: What group did Hafiz Muhammad Saeed lead?
Answer: Lashkar-e-Taiba
Question: What nationality is Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah?
Answer: Saudi
Question: Which third-highest-ranking al-Qaeda officer was captured?
Answer: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed
Question: Who led all of the jihadi organizations?
Question: How many government officials were taken into custody?
Question: What was the name of the Pakistani official that performed a number of raids?
Question: What is the nationality of Ramzi bin al-Shibh?
Question: What was the rank of Ramzi bin al-Shibh?
Question: Which US agency runs its drones in Pakistan?
Answer: the Central Intelligence Agency
Question: Why did the US use the CIA instead of the Air Force to run drones?
Answer: to avoid breaching sovereignty through military invasion
Question: Abuse of what term allowed a lack of a formal war declaration?
Answer: Global War on Terror
Question: What does the US Government use the Air Force for?
Question: What did the United States criticize?
Question: What does the Pakistan use for airstrikes?
Question: What term was Pakistan accused of abusing?
Question: The term Global War on Terror required formally doing what?
Question: Who wrote 'Letter to American People' in 2002?
Answer: Osama bin Laden
Question: Who was the US Secretary of Defense in 2002?
Answer: Donald Rumsfeld
Question: Which group did Rumsfeld think was active in Kashmir?
Answer: Al-Qaeda
Question: What teams hunted for Bin Laden in Kashmir in 2002?
Answer: Special Air Service and Delta Force
Question: Who led the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen?
Answer: Fazlur Rehman Khalil
Question: Who did India support on the Kashmir issue?
Question: What was the name of the document Donald Rumsfeld wrote?
Question: Who did the Kashmiri militant group Harkat-ul-Mujahideen attempt to hunt down?
Question: Who is the leader of Kashmir?
Question: Pakistan claimed al-Qaeda had close ties with what area?
Question: Who did a US drone kill in Sep 2009?
Answer: Ilyas Kashmiri
Question: What group did Ilyas Kashmiri lead?
Answer: Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
Question: After 2009, who began fighting in Waziristan?
Answer: Kashmiri militants
Question: What group did Al-Badar Mujahideen break away from?
Answer: Hizbul Mujahideen
Question: What did Al-Badar Mujahideen call for in 2012?
Answer: mobilisation of resources for continuation of jihad in Kashmir
Question: Who ordered the SUS Drone strike in September 2009?
Question: What group was Bruce Riedel the leader of?
Question: What faction broke away from Al-Badar Mujahideen?
Question: How long was Waziristan the new battlefield?
Question: When did terror groups call to end the jihad in Kashmir?
Question: Who declared the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism?
Answer: member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
Question: When was the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism announced?
Answer: 22 November 2002
Question: Where did NATO begin naval operations after 2002?
Answer: the Mediterranean Sea
Question: What was NATO's operation in the Mediterranean called?
Answer: Operation Active Endeavour
Question: What did terrorism respond to?
Question: What were NATO's efforts to respond to terrorism called?
Question: What council decided to start operations in the mediterranean Sea in November 2002?
Question: Where is the EAPC located?
Question: What day did Operation Active Endeavour start?
Question: What were the countries who supported the US's post-9/11 invasions called?
Answer: the "coalition of the willing"
Question: Which country disavowed the Taliban?
Answer: Pakistan
Question: How many soldiers did Pakistan contribute to fight the Taliban?
Answer: tens of thousands
Question: Where in Pakistan is Waziristan?
Answer: North-West
Question: Where did Pakistan try to remove the Taliban and Al-Qaeda?
Answer: northern tribal areas
Question: What action made support for the US increase?
Question: Which country refused to send troops into Afghanistan?
Question: How many soldiers did the coalition of the willing contribute?
Question: What was the war in the northern tribal areas called?
Question: What was Afghanistan attempting with the US's help?
Question: What was the primary fighting force in southern Afghanistan?
Answer: The British 16th Air Assault Brigade
Question: Which nations besides the UK contributed significantly to the southern Afghanistan fight?
Answer: Australia, Canada and the Netherlands
Question: How many troops did Canada send initially?
Answer: 2,000
Question: How many troops did Australia send initially?
Answer: 240
Question: How many troops did the Netherlands send initially?
Answer: 1,400
Question: What was the British 16th Air Assault Brigade later called?
Question: How many special forces troops were there from Denmark?
Question: How many Pakistanis were involved?
Question: How many British troops helped invade Denmark?
Question: What type of vehicle did Estonia supply?
Question: What new agency did Bush create after 9/11?
Answer: Department of Homeland Security
Question: When was the DHS created?
Answer: November 2002
Question: What other massive agency's creation was the DHS compared to?
Answer: the Department of Defense
Question: What did the DHS focus on?
Answer: domestic efforts to prevent future attacks
Question: What did the Bush administration do instead of military efforts?
Question: What Bush agency was created before 9/11?
Question: When were the armed forces consolidated?
Question: What was consolidated into the Department of Homeland Security?
Question: Which administration created the Department of Defense?
Question: What did the Patriot Act make it easier for law enforcement to search?
Answer: telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records
Question: What did the Patriot Act make it easier to do to immigrants?
Answer: detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts
Question: How was the definition of terrorism expanded by the Patriot Act?
Answer: to include domestic terrorism
Question: Which newspaper revealed the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program?
Answer: The New York Times
Question: What bill increased restrictions on law enforcement agencies?
Question: What bill did the Secretary of the Treasury pass?
Question: What year was the Terrorist Finance Tracking program discontinued?
Question: What program does the NSA currently use to monitor financial activity?
Question: What newspaper uncovered the Patriot Act?
Question: When did the ACLU first challenge the Patriot Act?
Answer: 30 July 2003
Question: What rights did the ACLU say the Patriot Act violated?
Answer: First Amendment rights, Fourth Amendment rights, and right to due process
Question: What did Section 215 of the Patriot Act allow the FBI to search?
Answer: a person's business, bookstore, and library records
Question: Who passed symbolic resolutions against the Patriot Act?
Answer: governing bodies in a number of communities
Question: What did the ACLU violate?
Question: When was Section 215 written?
Question: What has governmental authority said the laws remove restrictions from?
Question: What did Section 215 allow the ACLU to inspect?
Question: Who sued the ACLU?
Question: What terrorism-related resolution did the UN Security Council adopt in 2005?
Answer: Resolution 1624
Question: Which countries haven't submitted the required reports to the UN Security Council?
Answer: the United States and Israel
Question: What plan did the DoD release in 2005?
Answer: National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism
Question: What did Resolution 1624 try to protect?
Answer: international human rights laws
Question: What year did Israel adopt Resolution 1964?
Question: What did the UN Security Council decline to offer reports for?
Question: What document did the Israeli Department of Defense publish?
Question: Which two countries submitted annual reports?
Question: What US agency released Resolution 1624?
Question: What has the 'war on terror' been used as an excuse for?
Answer: to pursue long-standing policy/military objectives, reduce civil liberties, and infringe upon human rights
Question: Which other misnamed 'war' has 'war on terror' been compared to?
Answer: War on Drugs
Question: What is the likely fate of the 'war on terror'?
Answer: it is unlikely international terrorism can be brought to an end by military means
Question: What is another name for War on Drugs?
Question: What is most likely to be ended by military means?
Question: What has the War on Drugs been used as an excuse for?
Question: What term is appropriate for one with no identifiable enemy?
Question: What flaw in the 'war on terror' name did Francis Fukuyama point out?
Answer: "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic
Question: What does the 'war on terror' name obscure?
Answer: differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen
Question: Who said the US's presence in Iraq increases resentment and terrorists?
Answer: Shirley Williams
Question: What fed US hysteria about terrorism?
Answer: media
Question: What has the 'war on terror' done to the US's international image?
Answer: damaged
Question: What does Shirley Williams call terrorism instead of an enemy?
Question: Who said the military presence has decreased resentment?
Question: What has damaged the image of Iraq in the world?
Question: What critic obscured differences between conflicts?
Question: Most of the world has agreed on what kinds of policies?
Question: What is the largest opposition party in the Scottish Parliament?
Answer: The Labour Party
Question: How many MEPs does it have in the British Parliament?
Answer: twenty
Question: What year was Jeremy Corbyn elected?
Answer: 2015
Question: What runs a majority government in the Welsh Assembly?
Question: What is the smallest opposition party in the Scottish Parliament?
Question: Where does the Labour Party not organize?
Question: Who was leader of the Labour Party before 2015?
Question: Where does the Labour Party have fourty MEPs?
Question: when was george odger elected?
Answer: 1870
Question: When did it become obvious that the rural proletariat needed a new political party?
Question: What demographic had decreased in number?
Question: What years was the voting franchise shrunk?
Question: Who was the last Lib-Lab candidate to stand?
Question: What socialist group did not form around this time?
Question: What year did Thomas R. Steels propose the single body union branch?
Answer: 1899
Question: Where was Thomas R. Steels a member?
Answer: Doncaster
Question: WHere was the proposed conference held?
Answer: Memorial Hall
Question: Who proposed a special conference to bring all right-wing organisations together?
Question: What group did not pass the motion?
Question: Where was the conference help before 1900?
Question: What was attended by only a narrow spectrum of organizations?
Question: What represented two thirds of the TUC delegates?
Question: Who was elected Secretary?
Answer: Ramsay MacDonald
Question: How many candidates were sponsored in the 1900 electrion?
Answer: 15
Question: What did the 129 delegates do before a debate?
Question: What association was meant to disorganize attempts to support MPs sponsored by trade unions?
Question: What organization had a single leader?
Question: Who was an unsuccessful candidate?
Question: What was an easy task for Ramsay MacDonald?
Question: What was the Taft Vale Case?
Answer: a dispute between strikers and a railway company
Question: From this case, what happened?
Answer: made strikes illegal
Question: How much were they ordered to pay in damages for the strike?
Answer: £23,000
Question: What hurt support for the LRC?
Question: How much did the railway company have to pay the union?
Question: What made strikes effectively legal?
Question: What appeared to be very concerned with the industrial proletariat?
Question: What refused to listen to industrial and business interests?
Question: Who was elected Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party?
Answer: Keir Hardie
Question: How many votes did Keir Hardie win by?
Answer: one vote
Question: Who was Keir Hardie's opponent?
Answer: David Shackleton
Question: What name did the group adopt during their last meeting?
Question: What name did the group adopt before 1906?
Question: Who had not helped the party to become established?
Question: What provided the party's activist base in the party's later years?
Question: What was one of the last acts of the new Liberal Government?
Question: Who passed the Osborne judgment?
Answer: Trade Disputes Act
Question: When was the Trade Disputes Act passed?
Answer: 1913
Question: What year saw 42 Labour MPs face defeat?
Question: What did the House of Lords pass a year after the election?
Question: Who could no longer fund the wages of Liberal MPs?
Question: What was the nadir of Liberal compromise?
Question: When did the Labour government pass the Trades Disputes Act?
Question: WHen was the COmmunist party refused affiliation?
Answer: between 1921 and 1923
Question: HOw many seats id Labour win in 1922?
Answer: 142
Question: Who was voted the first leader of the Labour Party?
Answer: Ramsay MacDonald
Question: When did the Communist Party refuse affiliation to the Labour Party?
Question: What allowed the Liberals to gain much of Labour's support?
Question: How many seats did the Liberals win in 1922?
Question: What was the third largest group in the House of Commons?
Question: Who was voted the last official leader of the Labour Party?
Question: In what year did Ramsay MacDonald become the Labour PM?
Answer: 1924
Question: How many MP did they get in the election in 1924?
Answer: 191
Question: Who was the last Labour Prime Minister?
Question: What party had more than a third of the House of Commons?
Question: When did the first Conservative Prime Minister serve?
Question: Who won a majority in Parliament?
Question: Who got the least votes?
Question: After how long did the government collapse?
Answer: nine months
Question: What was rebuilt after only nine months?
Question: What did the Conservatives vote for?
Question: What letter was published just before the 1920 election?
Question: Who was talking about a Communist revolution in America?
Question: What had a big impact on the Labour vote?
Question: What caused MacDonald to form a separate party?
Answer: he and his supporters were promptly expelled
Question: Who won the 1931 election?
Answer: National Government
Question: What happened when the economic situation got better?
Question: Who refused to form a National Government?
Question: How did people in the Conservative Party feel about MacDonald's actions?
Question: Who was expelled from the National Labour Organisation?
Question: What election was an overwhelming victory for the Labour Party?
Question: How many votes did the vote of confidence lose by in 1979?
Answer: a single vote
Question: When was Welsh devolution approved of?
Question: What referendum reached the threshold of 40% support?
Question: Who pushed ahead with setting up a Scottish Assembly?
Question: What party withdrew its support for the SNP?
Question: How much did Callaghan's government win a vote of confidence by?
Question: Who were some of the people striking in 1978-1979?
Answer: lorry drivers
Question: Why were they striking?
Answer: higher pay
Question: What was this strike called?
Answer: Winter of Discontent
Question: Who did no one expect to call for a general election?
Question: When did the widespread strikes end?
Question: Why were farmers striking?
Question: What was called the "summer of discontent"?
Question: What group of people never went on strike?
Question: What year was Michael Foot elected as leader?
Answer: 1980
Question: What did four members of the Labour Party leave to creat?
Answer: Social Democratic Party
Question: Why was the electoral college introduced?
Answer: widen the voting franchise
Question: What did the Labour Party do after it won in 1979?
Question: Who lost the election in 1980?
Question: What policy did Michael Foot oppose?
Question: Who was easily defeated by Healey?
Question: What did the National Executive Committee conclude before 1982?
Question: Who was Neil Knnocks deputy?
Answer: Roy Hattersley
Question: What years were the miners strike?
Answer: 1984–85
Question: What was the name of the miner's leader that was blamed for the strike?
Answer: Arthur Scargill
Question: Who was replaced as a leader by Foot?
Question: Who was Foot's deputy?
Question: When was the lorry driver's strike?
Question: Who was blamed for the lorry driver's strike?
Question: What did tabloid vilification of the right do?
Question: How many seats did the Conservatives win?
Answer: 307
Question: WHen did Brown announce his intention to stand down?
Answer: 10 May 2010
Question: How much in contributions did the Labour party get from January to Marrch 2008?
Answer: £3 million
Question: How far was the party in debt for the same time period?
Answer: £17 million
Question: How far was the Conservative party in debt?
Answer: £12 million
Question: What was not a major problem for the Labour Party during this period?
Question: Why did party membership increase?
Question: When did the Labour Party receive 6 million in donations?
Question: When was the Conservative party 17 million in debt?
Question: Who increased the influence of activists?
Question: How many more seats did LAbour get in 1987?
Answer: 20
Question: What was the merger of SDP and the Liberals called?
Answer: Liberal Democrats
Question: Who did the NEC expel 
Answer: activists and the two MPs who supported the group.
Question: When did Labour worsen its performance?
Question: What party lost 20 seats in 1987?
Question: How much was the Labour majority reduced by?
Question: What did the National Executive Committee do before 1987?
Question: How many activists did the Conservative Party expel?
Question: What year did Kinnock call for a general election?
Answer: 1991
Question: What was Kinnocks party theme?
Answer: "It's Time for a Change"
Question: What was the original Tory lead percentage?
Answer: 14
Question: What did the percentage fall to?
Answer: 8%
Question: When was any Conservative lead in the polls sufficient for a majority?
Question: Who followed Kinnock's calls for a general election?
Question: What was Major's party theme?
Question: How long had Labour ruled unbroken?
Question: When did the Conservatives have a 14-point lead?
Question: When did Smith change the party's rules?
Answer: 1993
Question: What does OMOV stand for?
Answer: one member, one vote
Question: Who replaced John Smith as leader?
Question: Whose leadership eased tensions within the party?
Question: When did Smith fail to change the party rules?
Question: What did John Prescott successfully change?
Question: What increased the influence of trade unions?
Question: What was Black Wednesday?
Answer: economic disaster
Question: When was the recession declared over?
Answer: April 1993
Question: When did Smith die?
Answer: May 1994
Question: What did Smith die of?
Answer: a heart attack
Question: When was the Black Friday disaster?
Question: What repaired the Conservative government's reputation?
Question: By when did the Tories have a comfortable lead over Labour?
Question: When did the recession start?
Question: What year was Smith born?
Question: What was the other name for the Labout Party?
Answer: "New Labour"
Question: When was this branding first used?
Answer: 1994
Question: When did Labour publish a new draft manifesto?
Answer: 1996
Question: What was this manifesto called?
Answer: New Labour, New Life For Britain
Question: What was an alternate branding for the Conservative Party?
Question: When was the term New Labour last used?
Question: Who ended the New Labour trend?
Question: What publication was the term New Labour never used?
Question: What status does the name "old Labour" have?
Question: Why did Blair side with Bush?
Answer: the Iraq War
Question: Who has an active Iraq War inquiry?
Answer: Sir John Chilcot
Question: Was the idea of the Iraq War popular or unpopular in Western countries?
Answer: deeply unpopular
Question: Who did Blair ally with during the war in Afghanistan?
Question: What caused Blair to win political support?
Question: Who considered the war to be legal?
Question: What war was popular in most western countries?
Question: What is the subject of Blair's Iraq Inquiry?
Question: When were the next elections?
Answer: May 2007
Question: Who did Labour lose power in the election to?
Answer: Scottish National Party
Question: Who was Blair replaced by?
Answer: his Chancellor, Gordon Brown
Question: What was the party membership at the end of 2009?
Answer: 156,205
Question: When was Blair not under pressure to quit?
Question: What event did people want Blair to be in power during?
Question: Where did the party gain power?
Question: Who replaced Gordon Brown?
Question: What did Labour win in May 2008?
Question: Whose government was the least radical of the 20th century?
Question: Who privatized major industries?
Question: When was the British NHS destroyed?
Question: Under what health minister was the NHS dismantled?
Question: When did the British take control of Indian and Pakistan?
Question: In what year did Labour lose the general election?
Question: What was a uniting issue in the party?
Question: When did defense spending reach its lowest point in Britain?
Question: Who made dentures and spectacles free of charge?
Question: What was not a principle the NHS was based on?
Question: When was abortion criminalized in Britain?
Question: When was the death penalty introduced in Britain?
Question: What was abolished in 1970?
Question: What stopped a currency crisis?
Question: What year did Labour win a general election?
Question: What did Labour do after winning the 1970 general election?
Question: Who won the 1970 general election?
Question: What was an easy era to be in government?
Question: What group of people supported the Conservatives?
Question: Why were the Conservatives able to form a government alone?
Question: What led to the promotion of a report from the Scottish Office?
Question: What left Callaghan leading a majority government?
Question: Why did Callaghan trade with the larger parties?
Question: What arrangement lasted longer than one year?
Question: What shortened the life of the government?
Question: When did Ed Miliband resign?
Question: Who won power after Ed Miliband?
Question: What did Harriet Harman emphasize?
Question: What did Miliband want to change the balance of the UK economy towards?
Question: What did Miliband want to regulate less?
Question: When did the party's performance tank in local elections?
Question: Where did Labour fail to gain ground?
Question: What did the Conservative party gain in Wales?
Question: Where did the Conservatives enjoy a +3.26 swing?
Question: Who won the London mayor election?
Question: Where did the party reform Conservative election procedures?
Question: When were Conservative election procedures reformed?
Question: What replaced the "one member, one vote" system?
Question: Who was allowed to join at a high cost?
Question: Who had to opt in to paying a political levy to the Conservatives?
Question: What resulted in a net gain of seats?
Question: How many seats did the Conservatives have in the House of Commons in 2015?
Question: How many seats did the Scottish National Party lose?
Question: Where did the Liberal Democrats gain seats?
Question: Who was one of the Liberal Democrat challengers?
Question: What party is considered right of centre?
Question: Why was the Conservative Party formed?
Question: What year did the Conservative Party gain a socialist commitment?
Question: How much of British industry was taken into private ownership?
Question: When did the attempt to remove clause IV succeed?
Question: What did the party adopt before the 1980s?
Question: What party was described as democratic socialist?
Question: When have social democratic parties in America been transformed?
Question: What has strengthened the party's relationship with trade unions?
Question: What did the Conservative party do from the 1980s onward?
Question: Who was referred to as the loony right?
Question: What was never used to refer to Trotskyist groups?
Question: What magazine is part of the hard left?
Question: Who was never described as the loony left?
Question: What party is associated with blue?
Question: What color is associated with the Conservative party?
Question: What is the official conservative symbol?
Question: When did the red flag stop being associated with socialism?
Question: When was the blue rose adopted as a symbol?
Question: What are the party's decision making bodies on a local level?
Question: What has the first say on policy?
Question: When was the first time trade unions had the right to submit motions?
Question: What includes less keynote addresses now?
Question: Where does discussion of policy never take place?
Question: What party held a policy of always allowing people from Northern Ireland to apply for membership?
Question: What party did Labour refuse to support?
Question: What party formally takes the Labour whip in the House of Commons?
Question: When did the Labour Party Conference refuse legal advice?
Question: When did the Labour Party in Northern Ireland stop contesting elections?
Question: What was founded to oppose the interests of working-class people?
Question: What is a defining characteristic of the Conservatives?
Question: When was the RMT allowed into the party?
Question: Who has Unison not threatened to withdraw funding from?
Question: What spokesman said the union is happy with Labour?
Question: What was the party a member of before 1923?
Question: What was a member of the Socialist International before 1951?
Question: When did the Conservative Party downgrade its participation to observer member status?
Question: What were the Conservatives a founding member of?
Question: When was the Progressive Alliance international disbanded?
Question: Where is Estonia located in Northern Europe?
Answer: the Baltic region
Question: What borders the north of Estonia?
Answer: the Gulf of Finland
Question: What body of water borders Estonia on the west?
Answer: the Baltic Sea
Question: What country borders south Estonia?
Answer: Latvia
Question: Who was in control of Estonia for most of the country's history?
Answer: Danish, Swedish and German rule
Question: Who was in control during the national awakening?
Answer: the Russian Empire
Question: What year was the Republic of Estonia established?
Answer: 1918
Question: What war ended as Estonia was born?
Answer: World War I
Question: What features describe Estonia as a developed nation?
Answer: high-income economy and high living standards
Question: What standard of living does Estonia rank well in?
Answer: the Human Development Index
Question: What country performs well in evaluation of economic freedom, civil liberties, and education?
Answer: Estonia
Question: What year did Estonia rank third in press freedom?
Answer: 2012
Question: What financial institution is associated with Estonia?
Answer: the Nordic Investment Bank
Question: What subdivision was associated with the province?
Answer: kihelkond
Question: What subdivision was associated with the land?
Answer: maakond
Question: What type of structure did most provinces have?
Answer: fortress
Question: Who commanded the defense of an area?
Answer: The king or other highest administrative official elder
Question: Which subdivision of Estonians lived in Saaremaa?
Answer: The Oeselians
Question: Where is Saaremaa located?
Answer: the Baltic Sea
Question: Where was the initial mention of the Oeselians?
Answer: Ptolemy's Geography III
Question: Who described the sailboats of the Estonians as pirate ships?
Answer: Henry of Latvia
Question: What year did the Oeselian pirates carry out a famous raid?
Answer: 1187
Question: Who did the Oeselian pirates atack?
Answer: the Swedish town of Sigtuna
Question: What important figure was killed in the raid?
Answer: Swedish archbishop Johannes
Question: What two ships were used by the Oeselian pirates?
Answer: the piratica and the liburna
Question: What type of ship was the liburna?
Answer: merchant ship
Question: What god did the Oeselians worship?
Answer: Tharapita
Question: Who described Tharapita?
Answer: Henry of Latvia
Question: Where was Tharapita born in his legend story?
Answer: on a forested mountain in Virumaa
Question: What famous Viking God is associated with Tharapita?
Answer: Thor
Question: What event formed a crater in Saaremaa?
Answer: meteor disaster
Question: What event preceded the founding of the capital?
Answer: the invasion of 1219
Question: What structure was built at Toompea Hill?
Answer: the fortress of Castrum Danorum
Question: What year was Reval granted with Lübeck city rights?
Answer: 1248
Question: What is the date of St. George's Night?
Answer: 23 April 1343
Question: When did the indigenous Estonians try to overthrow their Danish and German rulers?
Answer: St. George's Night
Question: What belief system did the native Estonians try to remove? 
Answer: the non-indigenous Christian religion
Question: What event ended the uprising?
Answer: the invasion of the Teutonic Order.
Question: What date did sovereignty shift from the state of Denmark?
Answer: 1 November 1346
Question: Who ruled the southern parts of Estonia?
Answer: Livonian Brothers of the Sword
Question: What year did the Livonian Brothers join the Teutonic Order?
Answer: 1237
Question: What year did the King of Denmark sell Estonia to the Teutonic Order?
Answer: 1346
Question: Who did Estonia rebel against in 1343?
Answer: German rule
Question: What event preceded the decline of the Teutonic Order?
Answer: the Battle of Grunwald
Question: Who did the Estonians defeat in the Battle of Swienta?
Answer: the Livonian Order
Question: What is date of the Battle of Swienta?
Answer: 1 September 1435
Question: When was the Livonian Confederation Agreement signed?
Answer: 4 December 1435
Question: Who led the The Reformation in Europe?
Answer: Martin Luther
Question: What was the year of Martin Luther's death?
Answer: 1546
Question: What parts of society did the Reformation change?
Answer: Language, education, religion and politics
Question: What was the previous language of the church?
Answer: Latin
Question: When did the Estonian nationalist movement begin?
Answer: 19th century
Question: The development of Estonian national identity was accompanied with what era?
Answer: the Age of Awakening
Question: Who were the leaders of the Age of Awakening?
Answer: Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Jakob Hurt and Carl Robert Jakobson.
Question: When did the Soviet army initiate their blockade on Estonia?
Answer: 14 June
Question: What was the name of the Finnish aeroplane attacked by the Soviets?
Answer: Kaleva
Question: Where was the destination of Kaleva?
Answer: Helsinki
Question: Who disarmed the Estonian Defence Forces?
Answer: the Red Army
Question: What was the name of the single unit that didn't surrender?
Answer: the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion
Question: When did the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion face off against the Soviets?
Answer: 21 June
Question: What date was Estonia annexed by the Soviets?
Answer: 6 August 1940
Question: Who annexed Estonia as the Estonian SSR?
Answer: the Soviet Union
Question: The rules of joining a super power were ignored from what document?
Answer: the Estonian constitution
Question: What system was used to decide on joining the Soviets?
Answer: elections
Question: What date did the Germans invade the Soviets?
Answer: 22 June 1941
Question: When did the Werhmacht cross the south border of Estonia?
Answer: 7 July
Question: What body of water did the Red Army retreat behind?
Answer: the Pärnu River
Question: When did the Red Army fall back to the Parnu River?
Answer: 12 July
Question: When did the Germans invade the Soviet Union?
Answer: 22 June 1941
Question: When did the Werhmacht cross south border of Estonia?
Answer: 7 July
Question: Who helped the Germans take over Estonia?
Answer: the Estonian Forest Brothers
Question: What did the majority of Estonians view the Germans as?
Answer: liberators
Question: Who was in control of Estonia before the Germans?
Answer: the USSR
Question: What did Estonia hope to restore after the removal of the USSR?
Answer: the country's independence
Question: What did Germany take from Estonia for their war strategy?
Answer: Estonia's resources
Question: Who did some Estonians join as an alternative to the Germans?
Answer: the Finnish Army
Question: Who was the Finnish Army allied with?
Answer: the Nazis
Question: Who composed the The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200?
Answer: Estonian volunteers in Finland
Question: What year did most Estonians join the Germans after a new Soviet threat was emerging?
Answer: 1944
Question: How many Estonians chose to retreat or flee when in anticipation of another Soviet invasion?
Answer: tens of thousands
Question: Which countries did most Estonians desire to flee to?
Answer: Finland or Sweden
Question: What was the name of the refugee ship that Estonians boarded?
Answer: the SS Walnut
Question: What date did the Soviet Council of Ministers issue a declaration to remove native Estonians?
Answer: 12 January 1949
Question: What percentage of Estonians died after deporation?
Answer: Half the deported perished
Question: When were the deported Estonians allowed to return?
Answer: the early 1960s
Question: What event led to the return of Estonians back home?
Answer: Stalin's death
Question: Who fought a guerrilla war against the Soviets?
Answer: the Forest Brothers
Question: What political strategy only allowed major parts of of Estonia to be accessed by the Soviets?
Answer: Militarization
Question: What sea islands were declared border zones?
Answer: Saaremaa and Hiiumaa
Question: What document did people need to travel to the border zones?
Answer: permit
Question: What was established in the city of Paldiski?
Answer: A notable closed military installation
Question: What did most Western countries view as an illegal claim by the USSR?
Answer: the annexation of Estonia
Question: What relationship did Western countries continue with Estonia?
Answer: diplomatic relations
Question: What institution did Western countries refuse to recognize?
Answer: the Estonian SSR
Question: What decade started the push for Estonian independence?
Answer: 1980s