huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What must be reduced in order to allow LaserDisc playback time to increase?
Answer: line count
Question: Which format allows for more playback tie per side, CLV or CAV?
Answer: CLV
Question: What video problems on a LaserDisc can be caused by dust or scratches?
Answer: glitches, streaks, bursts of static, or momentary picture interruptions
Question: Which format used in DVDs has built-in error correction?
Answer: digital MPEG-2
Question: What type of encoding, analog or digital, causes LaserDiscs to be succeptable to damages?
Answer: analog
Question: When does "crosstalk" occur?
Answer: when the laser optical pickup assembly within the player is out of alignment or because the disc is damaged or excessively warped
Question: What problem can be caused by a player becoming out of alignment?
Answer: "crosstalk"
Question: How does "crosstalk" appear to the viewer?
Answer: swirling "barber poles" or rolling lines of static
Question: Why does the CAV format prevent crosstalk?
Answer: the rotational speed never varies
Question: What happens during "laser lock"?
Answer: the player reads the same two fields for a given frame over and over again, causing the picture to look frozen
Question: Is LaserDisc quality consistent or inconsistent between player brands? 
Answer: inconsistency
Question: What is LaserDisc playback quality dependent on?
Answer: hardware quality
Question: How cheaply could an older LaserDisc player be purchased in the 1990s?
Answer: $25
Question: What range of prices were high-end LaserDisc players in the 1990s?
Answer: US$200 to well over $1,000
Question: What substandard product was used in LD manufacturing that caused "laser rot"?
Answer: adhesive
Question: What was the internal name for "laser rot" within LD processing plants?
Answer: "color flash"
Question: What problems could occur with laser rot?
Answer: black spots that looked like mold or burned plastic which cause the disc to skip and the movie to exhibit excessive speckling noise
Question: Why didn't LaserDiscs become popular in North America?
Answer: high cost of the players and discs
Question: By 1990, how many American homes were estimated to use LD?
Answer: nearly one million
Question: Why were LaserDiscs more popular in Japan?
Answer: prices were kept low to ensure adoption
Question: Which format was more popular in high humidity areas such as Singapore?
Answer: LaserDiscs
Question: How much did a LD cost in Hong Kong in the 1990s?
Answer: USD100
Question: Broadcast in Hong Kong used which standard formatting?
Answer: PAL standard
Question: In contrast to broadcast, which format did consumers use in Hong Kong?
Answer: NTSC
Question: By what year had DVD taken over the LaserDisc market?
Answer: late 1990s
Question: Which collector group highly values LaserDisc for their rareness?
Answer: movie enthusiasts
Question: Until the end of what year were movies released in VHS, LD, and DVD in Japan?
Answer: 2001
Question: What country was the only to receive a LD release of Disney's Song of the South?
Answer: Japan
Question: In what decade did Philips produce a "professional" LD model for computer?
Answer: early 1980s
Question: In what year were LD jukeboxes created?
Answer: 1985
Question: Who created LD Jukeboxes in 1985?
Answer: Jasmine Multimedia
Question: Which musical artists were featured on LD Jukeboxes in 1985?
Answer: Michael Jackson, Duran Duran, and Cyndi Lauper
Question: Were EditDroid discs single or multi-sided?
Answer: single-sided
Question: Which production company engineered the EditDroid machines in the 1980s?
Answer: Lucasfilm
Question: In what year did the Doomsday project occur?
Answer: 1986
Question: Which equipment was used for the Doomsday Project?
Answer: a SCSI-equipped LaserDisc player attached to a BBC Master computer
Question: What does LV-ROM stand for?
Answer: LaserVision Read Only Memory
Question: The Doomsday Project discs used which formatting?
Answer: CAV
Question: Which of Apple's programming languages allowed users to ceatively manipulate LaserDiscs?
Answer: HyperCard
Question: What did LaserStacks software enable Mac users to do?
Answer: play specific content from the disc
Question: Where were "stacks" created with the LaserStack software used?
Answer: in education
Question: Which commercial company was LaserStack's most successful distributor?
Answer: Voyager
Question: A combination computer/LD player was comissioned by what government entity?
Answer: the U.S. Military
Question: How much did Matrox's computer/LD combo weigh?
Answer: 43 lb (20 kg)
Question: How could Matrox's computer unconventionally be controlled?
Answer: removing the ribbon cable and connecting a serial cable directly from the computer's serial port to the port on the LaserDisc player
Question: What quality made LDs a consideration for videogames in the 1980s and 1990s?
Answer: instant-access capability
Question: What was the first game to use LaserDiscs?
Answer: Sega's Astron Belt
Question: In what year was Sega's AStron Belt released?
Answer: 1983
Question: With what operating ratio would MUSE Discs operate?
Answer: 5:3
Question: What benefits did the MUSE narrow wavelength red laser have?
Answer: capable of reading through disc defects such as scratches and even mild disc rot that would cause most other players to stop, stutter or drop-out
Question: In addition to scratches and rot, what other common LaserDisc issue was to be eliminated by MUSE discs?
Answer: Crosstalk
Question: How many years did it take Blu-ray and HD-DVD players to duplicate MUSE technology?
Answer: almost 15 years
Question: What was the price for early HDTVs?
Answer: US$10,000
Question: Did MUSE have a large or small target market, even in Japan?
Answer: tiny
Question: What were some movies that were released on MUSE LaserDiscs?
Answer: Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Lawrence of Arabia, A League of Their Own, Bugsy, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Bram Stoker's Dracula and Chaplin
Question: What were "Squeeze LDs"?
Answer: enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs
Question: With what aspect ratio did Squeeze LDs operate?
Answer: 16:9-ratio widescreen
Question: Why did Squeeze LDs have a very limited market?
Answer: very few people owned 16:9 displays
Question: Could the 16:9 aspect ratio be easily resized by a normal LD player, or was the image significantly distorted?
Answer: distorted
Question: What percent vertical resolution increase did Squeeze LDs feature over regular widescreen LDs?
Answer: 33%
Question: Which movie was released twice on Squeeze LD?
Answer: Terminator 2
Question: What improvement was added to Terminator 2's second Squeeze LD release?
Answer: THX certified
Question: What Warner Brothers films were available in 16:9 aspect ratio Squeeze LDs?
Answer: Unforgiven, Grumpy Old Men, The Fugitive, and Free Willy
Question: What films were available for Japanese market Squeeze LDs?
Answer: Basic Instinct, Stargate, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Showgirls, Cutthroat Island, and Cliffhanger
Question: What does the acronym RLV stand for?
Answer: Recordable LaserVision disc
Question: Which company originally developed and marketed the RLV?
Answer: Optical Disc Corporation (ODC, now ODC Nimbus)
Question: In what year did ODC develop the Recordable LaserVision Disc?
Answer: 1984.
Question: What is the difference in appearance between an RLV disc and a regular LD?
Answer: reflective purple-violet (or blue with some RLV discs) color
Question: Why do RLV discs have a blue or purple reflective color?
Answer: to make it recordable, as opposed to the silver mirror appearance of regular LDs
Question: For what purpose were RLVs popular?
Answer: making short-run quantities of LaserDiscs for specialized applications such as interactive kiosks and flight simulators
Question: What color were regular LaserDiscs, in contrast to RLVs blueish purple hues?
Answer: silver mirror
Question: In contrast to large LD disks, what is the size of a standard CD?
Answer: 12 cm (4.7 in)
Question: What were CD size "single"-style discs called that were compatible with LaserDisc players?
Answer: CD Video (CD-V) discs, and Video Single Discs (VSD)
Question: How much video content could be stored on a CD-V disk?
Answer: up to five minutes of analog LaserDisc-type video content
Question: What were CD-V's video capacities usually used for?
Answer: music video
Question: Which artist released a music video and three audio tracks on CD-V in 1989?
Answer: David Bowie
Question: In what areas of the world were VSDs popular?
Answer: only in Japan and other parts of Asia
Question: Were VSDs or CD-Vs all digital and also playable on DVD players?
Answer: VSDs
Question: What year was Britain and allies victorious in the war?
Answer: 1945
Question: When did India and Pakistan gain independence?
Answer: 1947
Question: What title did George have in India prior to 1948?
Answer: Emperor of India
Question: What did Ireland declare itself in 1950?
Answer: republic
Question: In what year was the Commonwealth of Nations established?
Question: In what year did George's reign begin?
Question: In what year did Elizabeth succeed King George?
Question: Who was one of Britain's allies during the war?
Question: What was India before becoming a republic?
Question: Who was Prince Albert's great grandmother?
Answer: Queen Victoria
Question: What was Prince Albert's nickname?
Answer: Bertie
Question: In which church was Prince Albert baptized?
Answer: St. Mary Magdalene's Church
Question: What was the name of the Duchess of York?
Question: What was the name of the Duke of York?
Question: Who was the Duchess of Teck?
Question: In what year was Queen Victoria crowned?
Question: On what date did the Prince of Wales write to the Duke of York?
Question: How many months did Albert spend in the Mediterranean in 1913?
Answer: three months
Question: Which war did Albert serve in?
Answer: First World War
Question: Who gave Albert the nickname of "Mr Johnson"?
Answer: fellow officers
Question: What was the cause of Albert's ill health in 1917?
Answer: duodenal ulcer
Question: In what year did Albert leave the military?
Question: What was one of the months Albert served in the Mediterranean?
Question: In which month in 1913 did Albert start serving on the HMS Cumberland?
Question: In what year did Albert start serving on the Collingwood?
Question: What rank did Albert have while serving on the HMS Cumberland?
Question: What position was Albert appointed at Cranwell?
Answer: Officer in Charge of Boys at the Royal Naval Air Service
Question: Which number squadron was Albert appointed commanding officer in 1918?
Answer: 4
Question: What year did Albert become a RAF pilot?
Answer: 1919
Question: Who was the king of Belgium  in 1918?
Answer: King Albert
Question: In what year was the Royal Air Force established?
Question: Where was the Royal Navy's headquarters?
Question: On what date did the World War end?
Question:  On what date in November 1918 was the Independent Air Force disbanded?
Question: In what year did King Albert have to leave Belgium?
Question: What was Albert's nickname as he toured coal mines, factories, and railyards?
Answer: Industrial Prince
Question: Who is Albert's older brother?
Answer: Edward
Question: Which sport was Albert proficient at?
Answer: tennis
Question: Which society was Albert the president of?
Answer: Industrial Welfare Society
Question: Who was Albert's father?
Question: In what year was Albert elected as the President of the Industrial Welfare Society?
Question: Who was one of the players Albert lost to in his match at Wimbledon?
Question: In what year did Louis Greig begin playing tennis?
Question: What sport did Edward enjoy?
Question: Who was Albert infatuated with?
Answer: Sheila, Lady Loughborough
Question: Who was the youngest daughter of Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne?
Answer: Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
Question: How many times did Elizabeth reject Albert's proposal?
Answer: twice
Question: Who were royals usually expected to marry?
Answer: fellow royals
Question: Who was the Australian socialite Sheila married to?
Question: What was the name of Lady Elizabeth's mother?
Question: In what year did Albert first meet Lady Elizabeth?
Question: What nationality was Lady Elizabeth?
Question: In what year did Albert and Elizabeth marry?
Question: Who helped Albert improve in public speaking?
Answer: Lionel Logue
Question: What did Albert play partnered with a black man?
Answer: doubles tennis
Question: What did the Duke open in Australia in 1927? 
Answer: Parliament House
Question: What was the name of the Duchess?
Question: In what month did Albert visit Jamaica?
Question: In what month did Albert begin his tour of the empire?
Question: On what date did Albert speak at the new Parliament House in Canberra, Australia?
Question: In what country is Wembley?
Question: Who were the Duke and Duchess of York's children?
Answer: Elizabeth (called "Lilibet" by the family), and Margaret
Question: What was the name of Duke of York's London residence?
Answer: 145 Piccadilly
Question: Who advised against the Duke becoming the Governor General of Canada? 
Answer: J. H. Thomas
Question: What position did J. H. Thomas hold?
Answer: Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
Question: In what year was Margaret born?
Question: In what year did R.B. Bennett become the Canadian Prime Minister?
Question: In what year was King George V crowned?
Question: At what address in London did J.H. Thomas live?
Question: Why was Albert the heir presumptive to the throne?
Answer: Edward was unmarried and had no children
Question: What was wrong with Edward marrying Wallis Simpson?
Answer: divorced woman with two living ex-husbands
Question: What did Edward do to marry Wallis Simpson?
Answer: abdication
Question: Who is Edward's mother?
Answer: Queen Mary
Question: How did Edward react when he became heir to the throne?
Answer: broke down and sobbed like a child
Question: Who was Wallis Simpson's second husband?
Question: How many children did Albert have in 1936?
Question: On what date did Albert become king?
Question: On what date was Edward made the king of England?
Question: Who did Edward replaces as the King of England?
Question: What is the Oireachtas?
Answer: the parliament of the Irish Free State
Question: What did the Oireachtas remove from the Irish constitution?
Answer: all direct mention of the monarch
Question: Which act gave the monarch limited authority in Ireland?
Answer: External Relations Act
Question: What day did the Oireachtas pass an act that started to establish Ireland as a republic?
Answer: day of the abdication
Question: Who abdicated?
Question: What was the name of the first act?
Question: Who established the Oireachtas?
Question: Where was the Commonwealth headquartered?
Question: What title did Albert give Edward?
Answer: His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor
Question: What did Albert bestow onto his wife on his 41st birthday?
Answer: the Order of the Garter
Question: Which two residences did Albert buy from Edward?
Answer: Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House
Question: What birthday did George IV's queen consort have before being invested with the Order of the Garter?
Question: What was Edward's regnal name?
Question: Who did Edward succeed as king?
Question: What royal residence did George VI own?
Question: In what city is Sandringham House?
Question: What day did George VI become coronated?
Answer: 12 May 1937
Question: Who attended the coronation that was a break from tradition?
Answer: Queen Mary
Question: How many overseas tours happened after the coronation to France and North America?
Answer: Two
Question: In which city are Durbars usually held?
Answer: Delhi
Question: On what date did the Second World War start?
Question: On what date did Edward abdicate the throne?
Question: On what date did George VI  begin his visit to France?
Question: What continent is France on?
Question: Which prime minister was the King constitutionally bound to support?
Answer: Neville Chamberlain
Question: Which agreement was signed in 1938?
Answer: Munich Agreement
Question: The balcony in which palace is famous for being where the royal family makes appearances?
Answer: Buckingham Palace
Question: Which historian commented that the king's act in associating with Chamberlain as unconstitutional?
Answer: John Grigg
Question: In what year did  George IV reign begin?
Question: What city is Buckingham Palace in?
Question: In what year did the historian John Grigg accuse George VI of violating the constitution?
Question: What was the House of Commons policy towards Hitler?
Question: Which two countries did the King and Queen tour in 1939?
Answer: Canada and the United States
Question: Who was the prime minister of Canada in 1939?
Answer: William Lyon Mackenzie King
Question: What title was the king and queen presented with when touring Canada?
Answer: King and Queen of Canada
Question: What was Roper's position?
Answer: U.S. Ambassador to Canada
Question: What did the Statute of Westminster do?
Answer: gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions
Question: Who was George's predecessor?
Answer: Edward VIII
Question: Who was the President of the United States in 1939?
Answer: President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Question: Which fair was happening in New York in 1939?
Answer: 1939 New York World's Fair
Question:  In what year did Edward Viii abdicate?
Question: In what city is the White House?
Question: In what year was Franklin D. Roosevelt made president?
Question: In what year was George crowned?
Question: Which city did the king and queen stay in even with the bombing threats?
Answer: London
Question: How many people died on the first German raid on London?
Answer: one thousand civilians
Question: What year did the King's brother die in service?
Answer: 1942
Question: What was the Queen's name?
Question: In what month and year did Eleanor Roosevelt visit London?
Question: On what date in August 1942 was Prince George killed?
Question: How many civilians were killed in the East End on 7 September 1940?
Question: On what date in September 1939 did Britain declare war on Nazi Germany?
Question: What position did Churchill hold?
Answer: Prime Minister
Question: What day of the week did Churchill and the King meet?
Answer: Tuesday
Question: Who did Churchill appoint to Cabinet that the King did not like?
Answer: Lord Beaverbrook
Question: Who was Lord Halifax in 1940?
Question: Who was Lord Beaverbrook in 1940?
Question: In what month and year did the war start?
Question: Who replaced Winston Churchill as Prime Minister?
Question: When did the King and Queen visit North Africa and Malta?
Answer: June 1943
Question: What improved when the King and Queen visited different military sites?
Answer: morale
Question: In what month in 1944 did the King meet Sir Alan Brooke?
Question: What is one of the Low Countries?
Question: In what year was Bernard Montgomery made the Field Marshal?
Question: In what year did British military forces enter Southern Italy?
Question: In what year was Sir Alan brooke made the Chief of the Imperial General Staff?
Question: What two dominions did British India become?
Answer: India and Pakistan
Question: What country left the Commonwealth in January 1948?
Answer: Burma
Question: What year was the Republic of Ireland formed?
Answer: 1949
Question: In what year did the Second World War end?
Question: In what month in 1950 did George VI cease being the King of India?
Question: In what month in 1949 did the Republic of Ireland leave the Commonwealth?
Question: In what year did Clement Attlee become the minister?
Question: In what year did George VI die?
Question: Who was the Prime Minister of South Africa in 1947?
Answer: Jan Smuts
Question: What were the King's South African bodyguards referred as? 
Answer: the Gestapo
Question: Who instructed the King to only shake hands with whites in South Africa?
Answer: South African government
Question: In what year did Jan Smuts become Prime Minister?
Question: Whose South African government instituted a strict policy of racial segregation?
Question: What race were the South African bodyguards?
Question: In what year did George become King?
Question: What developed in the King's right leg that prevented him from touring Australia?
Answer: arterial blockage
Question: What treatment helped prevent the loss of the King's right leg?
Answer: right lumbar sympathectomy
Question: Who was the King's heir presumptive?
Answer: Elizabeth
Question: Who was Elizabeth's spouse?
Answer: Duke of Edinburgh
Question: Who performed the right lumbar sympathectomy on George?
Question: On what date in March 1949 did George undergo a right lumbar sympathectomy procedure?
Question: What was George's younger daughters name?
Question: Who was the Duke of Edinburgh?
Question: In what year was Lord Simonds made the Lord Chancellor?
Question: What church did the King's funeral take place on the 15th?
Answer: Windsor Castle
Question: What year did Queen Elizabeth die?
Answer: 2002
Question: What year did Princess Margaret die?
Answer: 2002
Question: In which chapel does King George's body lie in today? 
Answer: King George VI Memorial Chapel
Question: In what city is Westminster Hall?
Question: In what city is the King George VI Memorial Chapel?
Question: Where was Princess Margaret when she died?
Question: On what date was Queen Elizabeth crowned?
Question: Where was Queen Elizabeth crowned?
Question: How high was public faith in the monarchy when King George assumed the throne?
Answer: low
Question: What position did George Hardie hold?
Answer: Labour Member of Parliament
Question: Who was George VI's brother?
Answer: Edward
Question: In what year did George Hardie become a member of Parliament?
Question: In what year did the war end?
Question: In what year did George VI write a letter to his brother Edward saying he assumed "a rocking throne"?
Question: Who abdicated in 1936?
Question: What is federalism? 
Answer: Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government
Question: In Federalism, are the division of powers equal? 
Answer: division of powers between two levels of government of equal status
Question: What type of governments are included in federalism? 
Answer: general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments
Question: How many governments are apart of federalism?
Answer: relationship of parity between the two levels of government
Question: What isn't federalism?
Question: What features are indistinctive of federalism?
Question: What document rejected modern federalist government?
Question: What distinguishes Federalism from no other types of government?
Question: Federalism combines what three types of government?
Question: Before new research, what was the definition of federalism? 
Answer: a division of sovereignty between two levels of government
Question: After new research, what was the final definition of federalism? 
Answer: final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible.
Question: When was federalism put into place? 
Answer: The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century
Question: What is the difference between multi-level political forms and federalism? 
Answer: the characteristic of equality of standing between the two levels of government established
Question: What is an example of a federal union? 
Answer: the European Union
Question: What historical event illustrated that dividing sovereignty was possible?
Question: Old research has clarified that Federalism has how many distinct forms?
Question: What organization is a leading example of a local union?
Question: What distinguishes Federalism from other single-level governments?
Question: What form of Federalism is characterized by where sovereignty resides in the partial?
Question: What was federalism and confederalism common meaning in the 18th century? 
Answer: a simple league or inter-governmental relationship among sovereign states based upon a treaty.
Question: What did James Madison referred to the new United States as? 
Answer: 'neither a national nor a federal Constitution, but a composition of both
Question: What isn't the Latin word for federalism?
Question: What was federalism and confederalism common meaning in the 17th century?
Question: What did James Madison referred to the old United States as?
Question: What did John Madison referred to the new United States as?
Question: What did James Madison referred to the new United Nations as?
Question: What are homogeneous states? 
Answer: United States, Germany or Australia
Question: Where can tensions be found in the federalist countries?
Answer: Canada
Question: What countries did the federalist model fail in? 
Answer: Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia
Question: What countries dismissed the federalist model? 
Answer: Ukraine or Syria
Question: Where does the federalist model work worst in?
Question: What aren't homogeneous states?
Question: Where can't tensions be found in the federalist countries?
Question: What countries did the federalist model succeed in?
Question: What countries embraced the federalist model?
Question: In the United States, what was federalism referred to? 
Answer: belief in a stronger central government.
Question: When the U.S Constitution was being drafted, what did the federalist party support? 
Answer: stronger central government
Question: What did anti-federalist support? 
Answer: weaker central government
Question: On the political spectrum, where does federalism stand? 
Answer: federalism" is situated in the middle of the political spectrum between a confederacy and a unitary state
Question: In the United States, what wasn't federalism referred to?
Question: When the U.S Constitution was being erased, what did the federalist party support?
Question: When the U.S Constitution was being drafted, what did the federalist party oppose?
Question: What did anti-federalist oppose?
Question: On the political spectrum, where doesn't federalism stand?
Question: What does federalism mean in Europe? 
Answer: weaker central government, relative to a unitary state
Question: What branch does the United States want to limit under the federalist model? 
Answer: judiciary
Question: Who has a lesser history of unitary states?
Question: Who has a greater history of solitary states?
Question: What doesn't federalism mean in Europe?
Question: What branch doesn't the United States want to limit under the federalist model?
Question: What branch does the United Nations want to limit under the federalist model?
Question: What happened on January 1st 1901?
Answer: nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation
Question: When did the United Kingdom colonized the Australian continent?
Answer: 1788
Question: Which model is of federalism is similar to the federalism model in Australia? 
Answer: United States of America
Question: What was established when Australia was colonized? 
Answer: six, eventually self-governing, colonies
Question: What happened on January 21st 1901?
Question: When did the United Kingdom leave the Australian continent?
Question: When didn't the United Kingdom colonize the Australian continent?
Question: Which model is of federalism is opposite to the federalism model in Australia?
Question: What was abolished when Australia was colonized?
Question: Who caused the fall of the monarchy happened in Brazil?
Answer: military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca.
Question: When did Brazil adopt federalism? 
Answer: 1891
Question: What other system does Brazil use? 
Answer: Fonseca system
Question: What is the fonseca system? 
Answer: regulate interstate trade
Question: When was Brazil's rise of the monarchy?
Question: Who didn't cause the fall of the monarchy that happened in Brazil?
Question: When did Brazil reject federalism?
Question: What other system does Brazil reject?
Question: What isn't the fonseca system?
Question: What is a tiered system? 
Answer: the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers
Question: What was the constitution originally provided for? 
Answer: two-tier system of government
Question: When the third tiere was added on, what is it in form of? 
Answer: Panchayats and Municipalities
Question: What isn't the government of India based on?
Question: What isn't a tiered system?
Question: What was the constitution originally not provided for?
Question: What was the constitution never provided for?
Question: When the third tiere was taken off, what is it in form of?
Question: What does Article 370 say?
Answer: special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession
Question: What does Article 371 say?
Answer: special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim
Question: What happens with President's Rule?
Answer: the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months
Question: What isn't a distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism?
Question: What does Article 307 say?
Question: What does Article 317 say?
Question: What never happens with President's Rule?
Question: What happens with Prime Minister's Rule?
Question: Who is the strongest advocate of the European Federalism?
Answer: Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg
Question: Who opposed the European Federalism? 
Answer: United Kingdom, Denmark and France
Question: When did the French authorities adopted the pro-European Unification position? 
Answer: Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995
Question: Who is the strongest opponent of the European Federalism?
Question: Who supported the European Federalism?
Question: When did the English authorities adopt the pro-European Unification position?
Question: When did the French authorities reject the pro-European Unification position?
Question: When didn't the French authorities adopted the pro-European Unification position?
Question: How did the federal war end? 
Answer: with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces
Question: What did the United States of Venezuela incorporate? 
Answer: "Federation of Sovereign States" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederation of the United States of America
Question: In this type of federation each country had its own what? 
Answer: President
Question: When did the federal war start?
Question: How did the federal war start?
Question: What did the United States of Venezuela reject?
Question: What did the United States of America incorporate?
Question: In this type of federation each country had shared what?
Question: What passed on July 18, 2007?
Answer: Brussels' parliament
Question: What are the Flemish representatives in favor for?
Answer: Brussels resolution, with the exception of one party
Question: What is Belgian Federalism? 
Answer: the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels.
Question: How many components does the Belgian federalism not have?
Question: What passed on July 18, 2007?
Question: What didn't pass on July 18, 2008?
Question: What are the Flemish representatives not in favor of?
Question: What isn't Belgian Federalism?
Question: How did they manage the tensions in the present of Spanish Transition to democracy?
Answer: the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements.
Question: Which cities are recognized in the Spanish Democratic Constitution? 
Answer: Basque Country and Navarre
Question: Where are the main taxes taken?
Answer: Madrid
Question: How did they ignore the tensions in the present of Spanish Transition to democracy?
Question: How did they manage the tensions in the present of Spanish Transition to communism?
Question: Which cities aren't recognized in the Spanish Democratic Constitution?
Question: Which cities are recognized in the Spanish Socialist Constitution?
Question: Where are the main taxes ignored?
Question: What are anarchists not against? 
Answer: not against political organization or "governance"—so long as it is self-governance utilizing direct democracy.
Question: What mode of government does the anarchists prefer? 
Answer: federalism or confederalism
Question: What are anarchists for?
Question: What aren't anarchists against?
Question: What are anarchists against?
Question: What mode of government does the anarchists hate?
Question: What mode of sports does the anarchists prefer?
Question: Can the members of the upper house be elected directly or indirectly? 
Answer: indirectly
Question: Can the members of the lower house be elected directly or indirectly? 
Answer: directly
Question: Who can't elect the members of the upper house?
Question: Who can elect the leaders of the upper house?
Question: Can the members of the upper house be impeached directly or indirectly?
Question: Can the members of the lower house be impeached directly or indirectly?
Question: Can the citizens of the lower house be elected directly or indirectly?
Question: What is federalism seen as? 
Answer: a useful way to structure political systems in order prevent violence among different groups with countries
Question: What does federalism allow?
Answer: it allows certain groups to legislate at the subnational level
Question: What do scholars think of federalism?
Answer: Some scholars have suggested, however, that federalism can divide countries
Question: What isn't federalism seen as?
Question: What is communism seen as?
Question: What doesn't federalism allow?
Question: What does federalism not allow?
Question: What don't scholars think of federalism?
Question: What happened to Russia's subdivision of government? 
Answer: changed towards a generally autonomous model
Question: When was Russia's subdivision liberalized?
Answer: in the aftermath of the Soviet Union
Question: Who was in charge when the reforms was going on? 
Answer: Boris Yeltsin
Question: Who scaled back some reforms from Yeltsin? 
Answer: Vladimir Putin
Question: What happened to Prussia's subdivision of government?
Question: When wasn't Russia's subdivision liberalized?
Question: Who wasn't in charge when the reform was going on?
Question: Who was in charge when the reforms was scrapped?
Question: Who escalted some reforms from Yeltsin?
Question: What is federalism in the United States?
Answer: ederalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States
Question: How has the American government evolved?
Answer: American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism.
Question: What happened in Federalist No.46?
Answer: James Madison asserted that the states and national government
Question: What happened in Federalist No. 28
Answer: "Federalist No. 28," suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens' benefit
Question: What is federalism out the United States?
Question: How has the American government devolved?
Question: What happened in Federalist No.64?
Question: What never happened in Federalist No.46?
Question: What happened in Federalist No. 82
Question: Why did the constitution didn't have to explain federalism? 
Answer: Because the states were preexisting political entities
Question: What is another word for express powers? 
Answer: enumerated powers
Question: Where can we find express powers?
Answer: in the Constitution
Question: What are the expressed powers? 
Answer: the right to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce.
Question: What does the Necessary and Proper Clause do? 
Answer: gives the federal government the implied power to pass any law "necessary and proper" for the execution of its express powers
Question: Why did the constitution have to explain federalism?
Question: What is another word for suppress powers?
Question: Where can we find suppress powers?
Question: What are the suppressed powers?
Question: What does the Unnecessary and Proper Clause do?
Question: What was the federalist party of the United States opposed to?
Answer: Democratic-Republicans
Question: What did the democratic-republican party believe in?
Answer: the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecked
Question: Who decided the rights in specific cases?
Answer: the judicial system of courts
Question: What was the federalist party of the United States in support of?
Question: What was the federalist party of the United Nations opposed to?
Question: What did the democratic-republican party not believe in?
Question: What did the democratic-republican party oppose?
Question: Who decided the rights in all cases?
Question: What is the meaning of federalism?
Answer: as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context
Question: What types of movements are associated with federalism?
Answer: Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.
Question: What countries advocate for a strong central government?
Answer: United States and Australia
Question: What isn't the meaning of federalism?
Question: What is the meaning of anti-federalism?
Question: What types of movements aren't associated with federalism?
Question: What types of non-movements are associated with federalism?
Question: What countries are against a strong central government?
Question: What happened between 1938 to 1995?
Answer: the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause.
Question: What are most actions in the federal government known as?
Answer: Commerce Clause
Question: What did the court reject in 1995?
Answer: the Supreme Court rejected the Gun-Free School Zones Act in the Lopez decision
Question: What did the court reject in 1994?
Answer: rejected the civil remedy portion of the Violence Against Women Act
Question: What does the commerce clause include?
Answer: include marijuana laws in the Gonzales v. Raich decision
Question: What happened between 1983 to 1995?
Question: What happened between 1938 to 1959?
Question: What are no actions in the federal government known as?
Question: What did the court accept in 1995?
Question: What did the court reject in 1949?
Question: What are the two components in the Belgian political landscape?
Answer: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels
Question: What component is the Brussel Region?
Answer: third component
Question: What happens with the Brussels special position?
Answer: consequently has a number of political issues
Question: How many components does the Belgian political landscape exclude?
Question: How many components doesn't the Belgian political landscape include?
Question: What are the three components in the Belgian political landscape?
Question: What component isn't the Brussel Region?
Question: What happens without the Brussels special position?
Question: The US Constitution says what to amendments? 
Answer: provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent
Question: What happens when certain constitutional amendments cannot occur?
Answer: cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state
Question: Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what first?
Answer: would require unanimous consent of the provinces.
Question: What is the German basic law?
Answer: provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system.
Question: The UN Constitution says what to amendments?
Question: The US Constitution doesn't say what to amendments?
Question: Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what last?
Question: What happens when certain constitutional amendments can occur?
Question: What is the German advanced law?
Question: Asymmetric federalism exist when?
Answer: where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do
Question: What cities in Spain are in the historic movement?
Answer: Basques and Catalans, as well as the Galicians
Question: Is Spain apart of federalism?
Answer: Spain is not a federalism, but a decentralized administrative organization of the state.
Question: What does no components state of federation possess?
Question: What does every component state of federation not possess?
Question: Symmetric federalism exist when?
Question: Why is Spain a part of federalism?
Question: What may guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states?
Answer: federal structure
Question: What needs to be done in order to amend the Australia and Switzerland Constitution?
Answer: required that a proposal be endorsed not just by an overall majority of the electorate in the nation as a whole
Question: What doesn't federations have for amendments of the constitution?
Question: What does federations have for amendments of the conservation?
Question: What may guarantee the self-governing status of the incompetent states?
Question: What will not guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states?
Question: What doesn't need to be done in order to amend the Australia and Switzerland Constitution?
Question: What does the structures of the federal government incorporate?
Answer: mechanisms to protect the rights of component states
Question: What is one method to protect the rights of the component states?
Answer: intrastate federalism
Question: What is intrastate federalism?
Answer: is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions
Question: What is a bicameral legislature?
Answer: the upper house is often used to represent the component states while the lower house represents the people of the nation as a whole
Question: What does the structures of the federal government ignore?
Question: What does the structures of the local government incorporate?
Question: What is one method to strike the rights of the component states?
Question: What isn't intrastate federalism?
Question: What is a tricameral legislature?
Question: What is federalist paper no. 39?
Answer: that the US Constitution "is in strictness neither a national nor a federal constitution; but a composition of both
Question: What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 39?
Answer: it is federal, not national; in the sources from which the ordinary powers of the Government are drawn, it is partly federal, and partly national..
Question: What is the 10th Amendment in the United States?
Answer: which reserves all powers and rights that are not delegated to the Federal Government as left to the States and to the people.
Question: What does federations never employ?
Question: What does federalist paper no. 93 contain?
Question: What doesn't federalist paper no. 93 contain?
Question: What is the foundation for federalist paper no. 93?
Question: What is the 10th Amendment in the United Nations?
Question: What two levels equal a federation?
Answer: the central government and the regions
Question: Why is Brazil an exception?
Answer: because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite
Question: What is each state divided into?
Answer: municipalities
Question: What does each state have their own of?
Answer: with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito
Question: When is a federation dissolved?
Question: What two levels don't equal a federation?
Question: Why is Brazil not an exception?
Question: What is each city divided into?
Question: What doesn't each state have their own of?
Question: China is the largest what?
Answer: China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area
Question: What are Chinese nationalist suspicious of?
Answer: decentralization
Question: Why is China's government similar to unity structure?
Answer: Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs
Question: How long has China been with centralized power?
Answer: centuries
Question: China is the smallest what?
Question: What are Chinese nationalist in favor of?
Question: What are Chinese socialists suspicious of?
Question: Why is China's government not similar to unity structure?
Question: How long has China been without centralized power?
Question: What types of powers does the Philippines have?
Answer: some powers devolved to Local Government Units (LGUs) under the terms of the Local Government Code
Question: What type of modifications been added to the Philippines Constitution? 
Answer: possible transition to a federal system as part of a shift to a parliamentary system.
Question: What did President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo establish?
Answer: the Consultative Commission
Question: What type of state isn't the Philippines?
Question: What types of powers does the Philippines give up?
Question: What type of modifications have been removed from the Philippines Constitution?
Question: What type of songs have been added to the Philippines Constitution?
Question: What did President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo desolve?
Question: What type of federalism system does Spain have?
Answer: unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism"
Question: What type of government does Spain have?
Answer: central government
Question: What does Spain's government accounts for?
Answer: 8% of public spending, 38% for the regional governments, 13% for the local councils, and the remaining 31% for the social security system
Question: What type of state isn't Spain?
Question: What type of federalism system does Spain reject?
Question: What type of communism system does Spain have?
Question: What type of government doesn't Spain have?
Question: What does Spain's government not account for?
Question: Instead of the UK adopting the federalist model, what did they do?
Answer: UK has relied on gradual devolution to decentralise political power
Question: When did devolution in the UK begin?
Answer: 1914
Question: What is Ireland Act 1914?
Answer: which granted home rule to Ireland as a constituent country of the former United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Question: What is Irish Free State?
Answer: eventually evolved into the modern day Republic of Ireland
Question: How has United Kingdom not been governed?
Question: Instead of the UK adopting the federalist model, what didn't they do?
Question: When did revolution in the UK begin?
Question: What isn't Ireland Act 1914?
Question: What is Irish Cost State?
Question: What has the process of devolution in the UK did?
Answer: decentralised power once again
Question: What happened since 1997?
Answer: referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland
Question: Does England have its own Parliament?
Answer: England does not have its own parliament and English affairs continue to be decided by the Westminster Parliament
Question: What does the region of England continue to use?
Answer: certain governmental administrative functions
Question: What has the process of revolution in the UK did?
Question: What has the process of devolution in the US did?
Question: What happened since 1979?
Question: Why does England have its own Parliament?
Question: What doesn't the region of England continue to use?
Question: What happens in Presbyterian denominations?
Answer: the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial.
Question: In political federalism what does Presbyterian ecclesiology do?
Answer: shared sovereignty
Question: What does each greater level of assembly have?
Answer: authority over its constituent members
Question: What isn't ecclesiology?
Question: What doesn't happen in Presbyterian denominations?
Question: In political federalism what does Presbyterian ecclesiology not do?
Question: In political communism what does Presbyterian ecclesiology do?
Question: What does each lesser level of assembly have?
Question: When was the earliest source of political federalism according to Christians?
Answer: is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible.
Question: What was the structure that the early Christian church described?
Answer: in the New Testament
Question: What happens in the council of Jerusalem?
Answer: the Apostles and elders gathered together to govern the Church
Question: Where can the elements of federalism can be found?
Answer: can be found in almost every Christian denomination, some more than others.