huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: When was the latest source of political federalism according to Christians?
Question: When was the earliest source of political federalism according to Muslims?
Question: Where was the structure that the late Christian church described?
Question: What never happens in the council of Jerusalem?
Question: Where can't the elements of federalism can be found?
Question: In nearly all federalism countries, central powers enjoy what?
Answer: the powers of foreign policy and national defense as exclusive federal powers
Question: Per the UN definition, what is federalism?
Answer: federation would not be a single sovereign state
Question: What is the German Empire?
Answer: Germany retain the right to act on their own behalf at an international level,
Question: What is the libson treaty?
Answer: powers which are not either exclusively of European competence or shared between EU and state as concurrent powers are retained by the constituent states.
Question: In nearly all federalism countries, decentralized powers enjoy what?
Question: In nearly no federalism countries, central powers enjoy what?
Question: Per the US definition, what is federalism?
Question: What isn't the German Empire?
Question: What isn't the Libson treaty?
Question: What do annelids use to move?
Answer: parapodia
Question: Which subtype of annelids includes most marine worms?
Answer: polychaetes
Question: Which subtype of annelids includes earthworms?
Answer: oligochaetes
Question: Since 1997, what are leeches seen as a subgroup of?
Answer: oligochaetes
Question: What kind of symmetry do annelids lack?
Question: What do annelids use to fly?
Question: Which subtype of annelids includes most space worms?
Question: Which subtype of annelids includes marsworms?
Question: What are leeches seen as a subgroup of since 1897?
Question: Which annelids show no segmentation?
Answer: Echiura and Sipuncula
Question: What end of annelids with well-developed segmentation has muscles that act like hearts?
Answer: front
Question: What is movement by ripples called?
Answer: peristalsis
Question: What movement method do some burrowing annelids use?
Answer: turn their pharynges inside out to drag themselves
Question: What integrates many annelids' segments?
Question: Which annelids show only segmentation?
Question: What end of annelids with well-developed segmentation have muscles that act like brains?
Question: What is movement by ripples no longer called?
Question: What movement method do some extinct annelids use?
Question: What can asexual reproduction techniques help annelids do?
Answer: regenerate after severe injuries
Question: What larvae live like plankton?
Answer: trochophore
Question: What annelids are hermaphrodites?
Answer: Oligochaetes
Question: What annelids make a cocoon in a ring around themselves?
Answer: Oligochaetes
Question: How do annelids never reproduce?
Question: What can asexual reproduction techniques prevent annelids from doing?
Question: What larvae live like whales?
Question: What annelids dislike hermaphrodites?
Question: What annelids make a cocoon in a pyramid around themselves?
Question: How do earthworms help the soil they live in?
Answer: aeration and enriching
Question: How much of near-shore marine annelids are burrowing?
Answer: up to a third
Question: How do burrowing marine annelids help ocean ecosystems?
Answer: enabling water and oxygen to penetrate the sea floor
Question: What annelids' jaws are being studied by engineers?
Answer: Ragworms
Question: Why are some leeches endangered?
Answer: they have been over-harvested
Question: How do earthworms ruin the soil they live in?
Question: How much of near-shore aerial annelids are burrowing?
Question: How do burrowing marine annelids remove ocean ecosystems?
Question: What annelids' ears are being studied by engineers?
Question: Why are no leeches endangered?
Question: Why are annelid fossils rare?
Answer: annelids are soft-bodied
Question: What fossil signs of annelids are found?
Answer: jaws and the mineralized tubes that some of the species secreted
Question: How old is the earliest annelid fossil?
Answer: 518 million years ago
Question: What types of annelids appeared 299 million years ago?
Answer: modern mobile polychaete groups
Question: What period started around 472 million years ago?
Answer: the mid Ordovician
Question: Why are annelid fossils common?
Question: What fossil signs of annelids can no longer be found?
Question: How old is the oldest living annelid?
Question: What types of annelids disappeared 299 million years ago?
Question: What period started around 372 million years ago?
Question: What externally divides annelids' segments?
Answer: shallow ring-like constrictions called annuli
Question: What divides annelids' segments internally?
Answer: septa ("partitions")
Question: What do the segments of an annelid share?
Answer: a common gut, circulatory system and nervous system
Question: What covers an annelid's exterior?
Answer: a cuticle
Question: What is an annelid's cuticle made of?
Answer: collagen
Question: What externally combines annelids' segments?
Question: What combines annelids' segments internally?
Question: What do the segments of an annelid lack?
Question: What conceals an annelid's exterior?
Question: What is an annelid's cuticle made into?
Question: What does 'chaetae' mean?
Answer: hair
Question: Which parts of annelids are different from true segments?
Answer: the frontmost and rearmost sections
Question: What language does 'prostomium' come from?
Answer: Greek
Question: What does 'pygidium' mean?
Answer: little tail
Question: What language is the term 'chaetae' banned in?
Question: What does 'chaetae' no longer mean?
Question: Which parts of annelids are different from fake segments?
Question: What kind of annelid has four true segments?
Question: How are the layers arranged in annelids' cuticles?
Answer: spiral in alternating directions
Question: What are annelids' cuticles made out of?
Answer: collagen fibers
Question: What do non-cuticle annelids use to protect their skin?
Answer: mucus-secreting glands in the epidermis
Question: What layer is under the epidermis?
Answer: the dermis
Question: What does 'coelom' mean?
Answer: (body cavity
Question: How are the eyes arranged in annelids' cuticles?
Question: What are annelids' brain made out of?
Question: What do non-cuticle annelids use to protect their offspring?
Question: What annelid is under the epidermis?
Question: What do chetoblast cells do?
Answer: hair-forming
Question: What hair-like extensions do chetoblasts make?
Answer: microvilli
Question: What are setae?
Answer: bristles
Question: What are parapodia against?
Question: What do chetoblast cells destroy?
Question: What hair-like extensions do chetoblasts eat?
Question: What are setae never considered?
Question: What kind of parapodia do burrowing annelids often have?
Answer: ridges whose tips bear hooked chetae
Question: What type of annelids have limb-like parapodia?
Answer: polychaetes
Question: What are parapodia?
Answer: unjointed paired extensions of the body wall
Question: Where are cirri never found?
Question: What kind of parapodia do aerial annelids often have?
Question: What type of annelids have dream-like parapodia?
Question: What are parapodia no longer considered?
Question: What is an annelid's brain in a ring around?
Answer: the pharynx
Question: What is a pharynx?
Answer: throat
Question: Where are clitellates' brains?
Answer: in the peristomium or sometimes the first segment behind the peristomium
Question: Where are polychaetes' brains?
Answer: in the prostomium
Question: What is an annelid's brain in a sphere around?
Question: Where are clitellates' teeth?
Question: Where are polychaetes' bodies?
Question: What is rarely "ladder-like"?
Question: What nerve cords are never fused in polychaetes?
Question: What species group are annelids' muscle control similar to?
Answer: arthropods
Question: What are giant axons?
Answer: the output signal lines of nerve cells
Question: How do annelids withdraw from danger?
Answer: shortening their bodies
Question: What species group are annelids' mind control similar to?
Question: What do giant axons destroy?
Question: How do annelids increase danger?
Question: What worms are very slow to retreat from danger?
Question: What kind of things can annelids' sensors detect?
Answer: light, chemicals, pressure waves and contact
Question: What does 'nuchal' mean?
Answer: on the neck
Question: What type of annelids have nuchal organs?
Answer: polychaetes
Question: What are the nuchal organs thought to do?
Answer: chemosensors
Question: What term means 'little eyes'?
Answer: ocelli
Question: What kind of things can annelids' sensors remove?
Question: What type of annelids have human organs?
Question: What are nuchal organs thought to kill?
Question: What term means 'massive eyes'?
Question: What are annelids' body cavities separated from other segments by?
Answer: septa
Question: What are annelids' body cavities separated from each other by?
Answer: vertical mesenteries
Question: What is the mesothelium made of?
Answer: modified epitheliomuscular cells
Question: What are coelomata removed from?
Question: What are annelids' body cavities combined with other segments by?
Question: What are annelids' body cavities separated from eyes by?
Question: What is the mesothelium never made of?
Question: How does peristalsis work?
Answer: waves of contraction and expansion that sweep along the body
Question: Why are annelids' segments like water-balloons?
Answer: the septa enable the circular and longitudinal muscles to change the shape of individual segments
Question: What are phrynges?
Answer: throats
Question: What are cilia?
Answer: fine muscle-powered hairs
Question: How does peristalsis stop working?
Question: Why are annelids' segments like helium-balloons?
Question: What are often complete in annelids?
Question: What do not have throats?
Question: What type of pigment is dissolved in annelids' blood?
Answer: Respiratory
Question: What runs the length of annelids' bodies with well-developed septa?
Answer: blood vessels
Question: What do annelids without septa have to use for circulation?
Answer: circulation within the coelom
Question: What can coelomocyte cells heal?
Question: What type of pigment is created in annelids' blood?
Question: What runs the length of annelids' brains with well-developed septa?
Question: What do annelids with septa have to use for blood?
Question: What type of annelids are very different from others?
Answer: leeches and their closest relatives
Question: What type of tissue takes up most of the body of a leech?
Answer: connective tissue layer of the body wall
Question: How many coelomata do leeches have?
Answer: two
Question: What lines the coelomata of leeches?
Answer: mesothelium
Question: What do leeches use to move?
Answer: suckers at their front and rear ends
Question: What type of annelids are very identical to others?
Question: What type of tissue eats most of the body of a leech?
Question: How many brains do leeches have?
Question: What lines the bones of leeches?
Question: What do leeches use to fly?
Question: What part of a polychaete can be everted?
Answer: pharynx
Question: What types of annelids have evolved jaws?
Answer: Eunicidae and Phyllodocidae
Question: What do annelids use jaws for?
Answer: seizing prey, biting off pieces of vegetation, or grasping dead and decaying matter
Question: What do some annelids have 'crowns' of?
Answer: palps covered in cilia
Question: What part of a polychaete can be inverted?
Question: What types of annelids are missing jaws?
Question: What do annelids use robots for?
Question: What do some annelids have 'trophies' of?
Question: What type of annelids are tube-dwelling?
Answer: Siboglinidae
Question: What blocks the Siboglinidae's gut?
Answer: a swollen lining
Question: How much of a Siboglinidae's weight is symbiotic bacteria?
Answer: 15%
Question: What gases come from hydrothermal vents?
Answer: hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide
Question: What gases come from seeps?
Answer: methane
Question: What type of annelids are brain-dwelling?
Question: What blocks the Siboglinidae's blood?
Question: How much of a Siboglinidae's consciousness is symbiotic bacteria?
Question: What liquids come from hydrothermal bottles?
Question: What foods come from seeps?
Question: What do annelids without blood vessels do to remove waste?
Answer: protonephridia
Question: How many stages are there in annelids' waste filtration?
Answer: two
Question: What annelid system combines both filtration states in one organ?
Answer: protonephridia
Question: What do metanephridia produce?
Question: What do annelids without blood vessels do to increase waste?
Question: How many stages are there in annelids' water filtration?
Question: What annelid system combines both filtration states in eight organs?
Question: What releases sperm from annelids?
Answer: nephridia
Question: What do annelid eggs become?
Answer: trochophore larvae
Question: What do annelids' larvae live like?
Answer: plankton
Question: What does the trochophore become when annelids mature?
Answer: the prostomium (head)
Question: What releases sperm from annelids eyes?
Question: What do annelid eggs explode inside?
Question: What do annelids' larvae like to eat?
Question: What does the trochophore become when annelids die?
Question: How many species of polychaetes have known lifecycles?
Answer: about 25%
Question: What percent of polychaetes produce yolk-rich eggs?
Answer: 14%
Question: What is the benefit of yolk-rich eggs?
Answer: reduce the time the larva needs to spend among the plankton
Question: What are most polychaetes' eggs covered in?
Answer: jelly
Question: How many species of polychaetes have impossible lifecycles?
Question: What percent of polychaetes produce milk?
Question: What is the benefit of rotten eggs?
Question: What are all polychaetes' eggs covered in?
Question: What do some non-single-sex polychaetes do?
Answer: change sex
Question: What are most polychaetes lacking for reproduction?
Answer: permanent gonads
Question: How do some annelids get a one-time chance at a better spawning spot?
Answer: the rear of the body splits off and becomes a separate individual
Question: What do all non-single-sex polychaetes do?
Question: What are no polychaetes lacking for reproduction?
Question: How do some annelids get a three-time chance at a better spawning spot?
Question: How many polychaetes breed an infinite amount of times?
Question: What annelid group includes leeches and earthworms?
Answer: clitellates
Question: What type of sex are most earthworms?
Answer: hermaphrodites
Question: Where are leeches' eggs fertilized?
Answer: in the ovaries
Question: Where do leeches move their eggs to?
Answer: the cocoon
Question: What type of annelids hatch as miniature adults?
Answer: clitellates
Question: What annelid group dislikes leeches and earthworms?
Question: What type of creature are most earthworms?
Question: Where are leeches' gardens fertilized?
Question: Where do leeches eat their eggs?
Question: What type of annelids hatch as giant adults?
Question: What was the first scientific study of how earthworms help soil?
Answer: The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms
Question: Where do earthworms prefer to live on the surface?
Answer: generally in moist leaf litter
Question: How does burrowers' loosening help the soil?
Answer: oxygen and water can penetrate it
Question: What is the largest bird that eats earthworms?
Answer: storks
Question: Who published a book about worms in 1781?
Question: What was the only scientific study of how earthworms help soil?
Question: Where do earthworms prefer to live in space?
Question: How does burrowers' tightening help the soil?
Question: What is the only bird that can eat earthworms?
Question: Where were native earthworms killed by glaciers?
Answer: glaciated areas of North America
Question: Where did most of the current earthworms in glacial areas come from?
Answer: Europe
Question: What type of forests can be hurt by invasive worms?
Answer: Northern hardwood forests
Question: Where were asian earthworms killed by glaciers?
Question: Where did all of the current earthworms in glacial areas come from?
Question: What type of forests are immune to invasive worms?
Question: What are no longer considered an invasive species?
Question: What type of annelid tunnels through coral?
Answer: Palolo worm
Question: What annelid's rear end do Samoans like to eat?
Answer: Palolo worm
Question: What type of bait do experienced anglers prefer?
Answer: spawning modules
Question: What do some polychaetes eat that has been causing problems?
Answer: molluscs
Question: What type of worm have there been proposals to farm?
Answer: Ragworms
Question: What type of annelid tunnels through gold?
Question: What annelid's rear end do Samoans like to drink?
Question: What type of bait do experienced anglers dislike?
Question: What do some polychaetes eat that is harmless?
Question: What type of worm have there been proposals to kill?
Question: When did leeches begin being used for blood-letting?
Answer: 30 AD
Question: Where did leeches begin being used for blood-letting?
Answer: China
Question: When did Rome begin using leeches?
Answer: 50 AD
Question: When did India begin using leeches?
Answer: 200 AD
Question: Which organizations list Hirudo medicinalis as endangered?
Answer: IUCN and CITES
Question: Where did leeches begin being used for blood transfusions?
Question: When did Russia begin using leeches?
Question: Which organizations list Hirudo medicinalis as extinct?
Question: When did India stop using leeches?
Question: When did Cloudina exist?
Answer: 549 to 542 million years ago
Question: What do some people think Cloudina should be called instead of an annelid?
Answer: cnidarian
Question: How old were the fossils of Canadia and Burgessochaeta found in Canada?
Answer: 505 million years
Question: What era was underway 505 million years ago?
Answer: early Cambrian
Question: Where was Myoscolex found?
Answer: Australia
Question: When did Cloudina disappear?
Question: What do all people think Cloudina should be called instead of an annelid?
Question: How old were the fossils of Canadia and Burgessochaeta found in Australia?
Question: Where was Myoscolex unknown?
Question: What era did oligochaetes evolve in?
Answer: early Cretaceous
Question: What type of annelid fossils have been found from the mid Ordovician period?
Answer: oligochaetes
Question: When were the earliest annelid fossils found?
Answer: 472 to 461 million years ago
Question: When did the Tertiary period stop existing?
Question: What era did oligochaetes devolve in?
Question: What type of annelid fossils have been lost during the mid Ordovician period?
Question: When were the only annelid fossils found?
Question: What two groups are annelids traditionally divided among?
Answer: polychaetes and clitellates
Question: What subtype of clitellates contains earthworms?
Answer: oligochaetes
Question: What subtype of clitellates contains leeches?
Answer: hirudinomorphs
Question: How many polychaete families are there?
Answer: approximately 80
Question: When did Greg Rouse begin trying to categorize polychaetes?
Answer: 1997
Question: What three groups are annelids traditionally divided among?
Question: What subtype of clitellates contains spaceworms?
Question: What subtype of clitellates contains lemurs?
Question: How many polychaete political parties are there?
Question: When did Greg Rouse begin trying to categorize planets?
Question: Who compared annelid genes in 2007?
Answer: Torsten Struck and colleagues
Question: How many annelid genes did Torsten Struck first compare?
Answer: 3
Question: How many annelid genes did Torsten Struck compare for a cross-check?
Answer: 11
Question: What subtypes of polychaetes were useless classifications, according to the 2007 study?
Answer: Scolecida, Canalipalpata and Aciculata
Question: What did Rouse decide leeches were a subgroup of?
Answer: oligochaetes
Question: Who compared annelid genes in 1807?
Question: How many annelid genes did Torsten Struck first discover?
Question: How many annelid genes did Torsten Struck never compare for a cross-check?
Question: What subtypes of polychaetes were useless classifications, according to the 1997 study?
Question: What did Rouse decide leeches were a supergroup of?
Question: How many previously-separate phyla did the 2007 study reclassify?
Answer: 3
Question: What did the 2007 study decide was the parent group for annelids?
Answer: Polychaetes
Question: What offshoots of polychaetes are unsegmented?
Answer: echiurans and sipunculan
Question: What offshoots of polychaetes are only segmented in the rear?
Answer: pogonophores
Question: What nervous system structure is less univeral among annelids than was thought before 2007?
Answer: ladder-like
Question: How many previously-separate phyla did the 1837 study reclassify?
Question: What did the 2007 study decide was the slave group for annelids?
Question: What offshoots of polychaetes are immortal?
Question: What offshoots of polychaetes are only segmented in the head?
Question: What nervous system structure is less universal among annelids than was thought before 1907?
Question: What is the other superphylum besides protostomes?
Answer: deuterostomes
Question: What superphylum are vertebrates in?
Answer: deuterostomes
Question: What does 'Articulata' mean?
Answer: jointed animals
Question: What are lophophores?
Answer: fan-like feeding structures
Question: What superphylum are annelids now excluded from?
Question: What is one of many superphylums besides protostomes?
Question: What superpower are vertebrates in?
Question: What are lophosmores?
Question: Which Lophotrochozoa phyla have similar egg development?
Answer: annelids, molluscs, nemerteans and flatworms
Question: How do the cells of Lophotrochozoa eggs arrange themselves?
Answer: after the 4-cell stage, descendants of these 4 cells form a spiral pattern
Question: What is the Lophotrochozoa spiral egg-cell pattern sometimes called?
Answer: spiral determinate cleavage
Question: Which Lophotrochozoa phyla have no egg development?
Question: How do the cells of Lophotrochozoa eggs destroy themselves?
Question: What is the Lophotrochozoa spiral egg-cell pattern required to be called?
Question: What animal contains no cells?
Question: What phyla is no longer able to make eggs?
Question: What does it mean to say that God is omnipotent?
Answer: unlimited power
Question: What is the feeling of God being everywhere?
Answer: omnipresence
Question: What is the extent of God's knowledge?
Answer: infinite knowledge
Question: What is infinite knowledge classified as?
Answer: omniscience
Question: What is the benevolence of God called?
Answer: omnibenevolence
Question: Does God have a gender?
Answer: without any human biological gender
Question: What type of human is God portrayed as in some religions?
Answer: a man (sometimes old and bearded)
Question: What is a God in monotheism?
Answer: Supreme Being and principal object of faith
Question: How should monotheism not be portrayed?
Question: What gender do theologians usually use to define human biological gender?
Question: What has creating a non-corporeal being caused some religions to do regarding divine simplicity?
Question: In biological gender, what is the universe conceived of?
Question: What are some concepts of the universe according to theologians?
Question: In what belief is God the creator and sustainer of the universe?
Answer: theism
Question: What does deism believe God's role in the universe is?
Answer: the creator, but not the sustainer
Question: Which belief is that God is the universe?
Answer: pantheism
Question: Which belief system definitively believes in no Higher Power or Supreme Being?
Answer: atheism
Question: Which belief system belives in some form of higher powwer, or something, but not organized religion?
Answer: agnosticism
Question: What is God in theism?
Answer: creator and sustainer of the universe
Question: What is God in deism?
Answer: the creator
Question: What is monotheism?
Answer: belief in the existence of one God
Question: What is atheism?
Answer: God is not believed to exist
Question: What two attributes describe God in deism?
Question: In theism what does God not do regarding the universe?
Question: According to monotheism, what does God consist of?
Question: When you are an agnostic, what do you think doesn't exist?
Question: What have many notable agnostics developed about pantheism?
Question: What are vocalizations of the name of God, YHWH?
Answer: Yahweh and Jehovah
Question: What is the Holy Trinity?
Answer: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
Question: In the time of Atenism, what was God called?
Answer: Aten
Question: What is the Islamic name for God?
Answer: Allah
Question: What do members of the Bahá'í Faith call God?
Answer: Baha
Question: What was the first monotheistic religion?
Answer: Atenism
Question: What is the God of the Hebrew Bible called?
Answer: YHWH
Question: What is the Christian God called?
Answer: Yahweh and Jehovah
Question: What are the 2 titular names of God in the Jewish religion?
Answer: Elohim or Adonai
Question: Where do scholars believe the name Adonai came from?
Answer: Aten
Question: In the Egyptian era of Atenism, what were YHWH and I am that I am used as?
Question: What are Yaweh and Jehovah used in Atenism as?
Question: In Christianity what is Bramen considered?
Question: In Aten what is the name for the Holy Spirit?
Question: In Sikhism, how many persons are attributed to God?
Question: Where is the English word God derived from?
Answer: the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan
Question: Where the first Germanic words for God masculine or feminine?
Answer: neuter—applying to both genders
Question: When did the Germanic words for God take on a masculine form?
Answer: Christianization of the Germanic peoples
Question: What was practiced by the Germanic people before their Christianization?
Answer: Germanic paganism
Question: What did the gaelic root of the word for God mean?
Answer: "to call" or "to invoke"
Question: Where does the word God come from originally?
Answer: Codex Argenteus
Question: What language does the English word God come from?
Answer: German
Question: What gender where the original Germanic words meaning God in?
Answer: neuter
Question: Where does the earliest masculine form of the English word for God come from?
Question: Where is the Codex form of the word from?
Question: What was the Argenteus usage based on?
Question: What does Argenteus mean?
Question: How were the English words for to call originally applied?
Question: What belief has many gods?
Answer: polytheism
Question: What does it mean to read the word LORD in all capitals in the Bible?
Answer: signifies that the word represents the tetragrammaton
Question: What is the tetragrammaton gor God?
Answer: YHWH
Question: No matter which religion, what is usually used as the name for the Supreme Being?
Answer: God
Question: What form of the word God refers to polytheistic gods?
Answer: gods
Question: What is the name of God in Judaism?
Answer: YHWH
Question: What does the all caps word LORD used in some bibles represent?
Answer: YHWH
Question: In Edom what does the capitalized form of God represent?
Question: How is the Midianite word for God normally used?
Question: Related to the Midianite deity, what does the word remain in Edom?
Question: What proper name is God given in Midian?
Question: What does the word El signify in English?
Question: How much can belief in God vary in Hinduism?
Answer: region, sect, and caste
Question: Does hinduism only believe in a single god?
Answer: ranging from monotheistic to polytheistic to atheistic
Question: What view does the Jewish community take on God?
Answer: monotheistic
Question: What kind of religion is Hinduism considered?
Answer: dharmic
Question: What type of religion is Judaism?
Answer: monotheistic
Question: What type of religion is Christianity?
Answer: trinitarian
Question: How many gods do the Hindu's have?
Answer: monotheistic to polytheistic to atheistic.
Question: How many gods do Christians have?
Question: What do the Buddhist religions do regarding God?
Question: How do views of God in Sakra vary?
Question: What role does Mahayana tradition have in salvation?
Question: How is the concept of God handled in dharmic religions?
Question: What do Muslims believe that Trinitism too closely resembles?
Answer: polytheism
Question: Which belief is expected to never try and visualize God?
Answer: iconodules
Question: What is the most basic belief of the Muslim religion?
Answer: tawhid
Question: What religious text helps reinforce to Muslims that Christianity is more like polytheism?
Answer: Quran
Question: What is the meaning behind the Muslim concept of tawhid?
Answer: "oneness" or "uniqueness"
Question: What do monotheists believe?
Answer: one god
Question: What religion believes that all theist worship the same god?
Answer: Hinduism and Sikhism
Question: What is the trinity in Christianity?
Answer: one God in three persons
Question: What do Muslims think of Christianity?
Answer: comparing it to polytheism
Question: What are Christians not expected to do, since they are iconodules?
Question: What view about monotheists is emphasized by Islam?
Question: What does the Trinity doctrine describe according to theists?
Question: What do Hindus compare the divinity of Jesus to?
Question: In Christianity what does Jesus not resemble?
Question: What is the basis behind Catholic theology?
Answer: God is infinitely simple and is not involuntarily subject to time
Question: What ways can God interact with the universe?
Answer: religious experience and the prayers of humans
Question: Why is it sometimes hard to think of God as benevolent?
Answer: God's responsibility for evil and suffering in the world
Question: What is the suffix theism used for?
Answer: used to refer in general to any belief in a god or gods
Question: What are examples of different types of theism?
Answer: monotheism or polytheism
Question: What three points do most theists agree on?
Answer: God is omnipotent, omniscient, and benevolent,
Question: What religion believes that God is infinitely simple and not subject to time?
Answer: Catholic
Question: What does theism mean in general?
Answer: belief in a god or gods
Question: What is one attribute of the universe?
Question: What does the universe act through?
Question: What does the term Catholicism sometimes refer to?
Question: What two things make it hard for theists to believe the universe is benevolent?
Question: What do Catholics believe about Gods limited omniscience?
Question: What is a deistic view of God?
Answer: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it
Question: How does a deistic God feel about us?
Answer: no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of humanity
Question: What is Pandeism?
Answer: why God would create a universe and then abandon it
Question: What does a deistic God not do?
Answer: neither answers prayers nor produces miracles
Question: What type of religion believes that God is transcendent?
Answer: Deism
Question: What is deism?
Answer: God has no interest in humanity
Question: In deism is God represented in human form?
Answer: God is not anthropomorphic
Question: In deism, does God answer prayers?
Answer: neither answers prayers
Question: What does Deism usually combine?
Question: What is the view of Pantheism about God abandoning His creation?
Question: What does a pandeistic god not do?
Question: What belief is common about deism in Pandeism?
Question: Does the universe answer prayers in Pantheism?
Question: What is Pantheism?
Answer: God is the universe and the universe is God
Question: WHat is Panentheism?
Answer: God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe
Question: WHat is Kabbalah?
Answer: Jewish mysticism
Question: Who is the founder of Hasidic Judaism?
Answer: The Baal Shem Tov
Question: Who was the founder of Hasidic Judaism?
Answer: The Baal Shem Tov
Question: What is Panentheism?
Answer: God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe
Question: What from of Hinduism does not believe in panentheism?
Answer: Vaishnavism
Question: What is another name for Jewish mysticism?
Answer: Kabbalah
Question: What is pantheism?
Answer: God is the universe
Question: In Panentheism what is God identical to?
Question: What does Baal Shem Tov believe if God is the universe?
Question: Who is the founder of the Liberal Catholic Church?
Question: What group does Vaishnavism have acceptance in as part of Jewish mysticism?
Question: What is another name for Vaishnavism?
Question: What do some non-theists view God as?
Answer: a symbol of human values and aspirations
Question: Although a proclaimed atheist, who was it that said "the word 'God' is to me a sound conveying no clear or distinct affirmation"?
Answer: Charles Bradlaugh
Question: What is NOMA?
Answer: non-overlapping magisteria
Question: In NOMA, what should be used to answer questions about the physical world?
Answer: science
Question: What should be used to answer ultimate questions on morality and meaning?
Answer: theology
Question: Name the nineteenth century English atheist?
Answer: Charles Bradlaugh
Question: What does Stephen Jay Gould call philosophy that deals in the supernatural?
Answer: non-overlapping magisteria" (NOMA)
Question: What category does NOMA fall under?
Answer: theology
Question: What did the 19th century non-theist Stephen Jay say specifically about God?
Question: What should Christianity be used for in relation to nature?
Question: What should philosophy be used for in relation to morality?
Question: Where does a lack of supernatural influence make human values a sole player in?
Question: What does NOMA avoid about God?
Question: What did Sagan argue was the only was to prove the existence of God?
Answer: the discovery that the universe is infinitely old
Question: What is Richard Dawkins belief about the existence of God?
Answer: "a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference."
Question: What kind of difference does Dawkins believe would come from the existence of God?
Answer: a scientific difference
Question: Who argued that the existence of God is an empirical question?
Answer: Richard Dawkins
Question: Who stated that God was difficult both to prove or disprove?
Answer: Carl Sagan
Question: How could science discover if there was not a creator?
Answer: the universe is infinitely old.
Question: How would the universe be different according to Carl Sagan?
Question: What grounds did Carl Sagan use to explain God's existence and how it would change the universe?
Question: What did Richard Dawkins believe was difficult to prove?
Question: What did Richard Dawkins believe could disprove the existence of a Creator?
Question: What view did Carl Sagan have about the question of the existence of God?
Question: What does Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow pose as a better question that "Is there a God"?
Answer: who created God
Question: Who wrote The Grand Design?
Answer: Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow
Question: What is Michael Nikoletseas profession?
Answer: Neuroscientist
Question: How do Hawking and Mlodinow believe the question of God can be answered?
Answer: purely within the realm of science
Question: What is the name of Stephen Hawking's book?
Answer: The Grand Design
Question: Who was Hawking's co-author?
Answer: Leonard Mlodinow
Question: Who says the that whether there is or isn't a God are just like questions in natural science?
Answer: Michael Nikoletseas
Question: What is the name of the book by Michael Nikoletseas?
Question: What does Stephen Hawking think we can know about God?
Question: What is Leonard Mlodinow's profession?
Question: What does Michael Nikoletseas state in his book if God created the universe?
Question: What do both authors believe about God if you take a biological comparative approach?
Question: How does Pascal Boyer believe that gods and other supernatural beings behave?
Answer: much like people
Question: Why does Stewart Guthrie believe that people project their human features onto non human things?
Answer: it makes those aspects more familiar
Question: What did Frued believe about the belief in God?
Answer: god concepts are projections of one's father
Question: What is one of the most common traits of religion according to Boyer?
Answer: The construction of gods and spirits like persons
Question: Who argues that there are lots of supernatural things in the world?
Answer: Pascal Boyer
Question: How do supernatural entities act?
Answer: much like people
Question: Which religion does Boyer equate with a modern soap opera?
Answer: Greek mythology
Question: Who believed that gods are just projections of a person's father?
Answer: Sigmund Freud
Question: What does Sigmund Freud believe about the behavior of supernatural beings?
Question: What is one of the best known traits of Jurgensen's model?
Question: Why do people make spirits appear humanlike according to Timothy Jurgensen?
Question: What does Pascal Boyer believe religious systems are projections of?
Question: What is Sigmund Freud's opinion of Greek mythology?
Question: What are ways that small social groups can force morality?
Answer: gossip or reputation
Question: Who suggested that by including the presence of an omniscient God, selfishness can be controlled and cooperation can be gained?
Answer: Matt Rossano
Question: What did Émile Durkheim suggest about the existence of God?
Answer: gods represent an extension of human social life to include supernatural beings
Question: Why would humans have begun to create gods?
Answer: a means of enforcing morality
Question: Who posited that humans created gods to create morality in social groups?
Answer: Matt Rossano
Question: Omnipresent gods are a way to watch large groups and enforce what?
Answer: morality
Question: Omniprestent gods helped build what?
Answer: more cooperative groups
Question: What concept did Matt Rossano suggest earlier than others?
Question: What does Emile Durkheim believe happened when humans live in groups?
Question: How can selfishness be restrained in large groups?
Question: Where is it harder to build cooperative groups?
Question: What did social forces use to enforce morality according to Durkheim?
Question: How did St. Anselm define the existence of God?
Answer: "that than which nothing greater can be conceived"
Question: Who said that God is "a substance consisting of infinite attributes"?
Answer: Baruch Spinoza
Question: What did Baruch Spinoza use as proof for the existence of God?
Answer: a variation of the Ontological argument
Question: What did Spinoza believe the world was made of?
Answer: one substance, God, or its equivalent, Nature
Question: Who defined god as "that than which nothing greater can be conceived"?
Answer: St. Anselm
Question: Name a famous pantheist?
Answer: Baruch Spinoza
Question: What was Spinoza's concept of God?
Answer: infinite
Question: Spinoza believed that the universe was made up of one substance which is?
Answer: God
Question: What does St. Anselm believe the universe is comprised of?
Question: What does St. Anselm used to prove God's existence?
Question: What does Baruch Spinoza believe nothing is greater than?
Question: What kind of philosopher is St Anselm?
Question: Who's idea about God did St. Anselm carry to its extreme?
Question: How does Dawkins interpret evidence for or against the existence of God?
Answer: a lack of evidence for the material existence
Question: What do atheists believe of God?
Answer: an imaginary entity only
Question: How long has the thought of the existence of God been carried on?
Answer: trans-generational
Question: How does Dawkins interpret his findings on the existence, or not, of God.
Answer: a lack of evidence for the material existence of such a God
Question: Who believes God isn't real?
Answer: Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris
Question: What fields are used by Richard Dawkins to prove God's existence?
Question: In what way does Richard Dawkins believe the existence of the universe has continued on in?
Question: Who has used findings to prove the existence of God in a trans-generational manner?
Question: What does Richard Dawkins believe describes the creation of the universe?
Question: Who uses cosmology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience to prove God is omniscient?
Question: What is the Omnipotence paradox?
Answer: can God create a stone so heavy that he cannot lift it
Question: What is another term for the Omnipotence paradox?
Answer: Paradox of the Stone
Question: Does either outcome of the Paradox of the Stone prove the existence of God?
Answer: God is not omnipotent. A being that is not omnipotent, though, is not God
Question: What shows God is not omnipotent if he creates a stone that he cannot lift?
Answer: there is something that he cannot do
Question: What must God be, in order to be a Supreme Being?
Answer: omnipotent
Question: What paradox states that if a god can't create a stone so heavy he can't lift it?
Answer: Paradox of the Stone
Question: What does the Paradox of the Stone posit?
Answer: he is not omnipotent
Question: What does it mean if a God is not omnipotent?
Answer: is not God
Question: Are there any answers to the Pradox of the Stone?
Answer: Several
Question: What question does the theological model paradox ask?
Question: How many arguments about God's power prove he exists?
Question: What is a term for the existence of God?
Question: What model proves that God can lift a stone he creates?
Question: If God can create a stone he can't lift, what proves he exists?
Question: What are some religious traditions that are found within differing religions?
Answer: expansive powers and abilities, psychological characteristics, gender characteristics, and preferred nomenclature
Question: Who does Christianity share roots with?
Answer: attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism
Question: How many Attributes of Mercy are in Judaism?
Answer: Thirteen
Question: What three religions share similar parts?
Answer: God in Christianity, attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism
Question: What three religions share similar beginnings?
Answer: Christianity, attributes of God in Islam, and the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy in Judaism
Question: What attributes do religions all roughly share?
Answer: expansive powers and abilities, psychological characteristics, gender characteristics, and preferred nomenclature
Question: What beliefs have similar psychological characteristics?
Question: What reliegion does Islam share culture with?
Question: How many attributes of mercy are in Islam?
Question: What attributes do different cultures have?
Question: What is one thing Christianity assigns to different religions?
Question: How is sex by God handled in a monotheistic religion?
Answer: God has no counterpart with which to relate sexually
Question: How do polytheistic religions view sex by God or gods?
Answer: attribute to each of the gods a gender, allowing each to interact with any of the others, and perhaps with humans, sexually
Question: What is God's role in the creation of the world?
Answer: begetter
Question: In what ways can the gender of God be viewed?
Answer: literal or an allegorical aspect
Question: What do polytheistic religions assign to their gods?
Answer: gender
Question: What role does got serve in a sexual intercourse?
Answer: the active (as opposed to the receptive) role
Question: In which type of religion does God have no sexual partner?
Answer: monotheistic
Question: What does western philosophy attribute to each of the gods?
Question: What is the role of God's counterpart in creation?
Question: In what way can the sexuality of God's counterpart be viewed?
Question: How does western philosophy allow God to act with humans?
Question: What does the counterpart of God transcend?
Question: What aspect does Alister McGrath argue is important in Christianity?
Answer: a "personal god"
Question: What does prayer usually include in Islam?
Answer: forgiveness
Question: What type of God is the Muslim God?
Answer: forgiving
Question: What does Alister McGrath write about the existence of the muslim god?
Question: What kind of role does a personal god play with Alister McGrath?
Question: What is the purpose of life for Christians?
Question: What is an example of an intermediary in Islam?
Question: What are two things the worship of God includes?
Question: Who believe that they are the only people that know the truth?
Answer: exclusivists
Question: What is one called that believes he has the one religion, but that the others aren't necessarily wrong?
Answer: pluralism
Question: What is it called when someone belives that their own religion is an advancement of older religions?
Answer: supersessionism
Question: What is a religion that believes that all religions are correct?
Answer: universalism
Question: What is one thing exclusivists don't have that Christians do?
Question: What is an example of syncretism in Christianity?
Question: What does a pluralist believe that is eventually available to all?
Question: What does the New Age movement believe they have exclusive access to?
Question: How does the New Age movement believe it has access to absolute truth??
Question: What does it mean if God can't predict the future?
Answer: God may not be omniscient.
Question: Who posited the existence of God?
Answer: medieval philosophers
Question: What philosophical debates arose in the middle ages?
Answer: God's omniscience
Question: What does it mean if medieval philosophers think God is predestined?
Question: Who developed arguments for God  being philosophical?
Question: What did free agents attempt to comprehend about God?
Question: What will happen during a debate according to God's foreknowledge?
Question: What were philosophical debates about among free agents?
Question: Who stated "the heart has reasons of which reason does not know"?
Answer: Pascal
Question: Which philosopher takes the evidentialist position?
Answer: Richard Swinburne
Question: Name three philosophers of the last 100 years arguing for the existence of God?
Answer: Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew
Question: What did David Hume think about the argument from morality?
Question: What does Pascal think about faith?
Question: What does Antony Flew believe physics requires?
Question: What two areas are used to say the arguments for God's existence are solid?
Question: What three philosophers believed that God can be conceptualized in the integrative level theory?
Question: When did George W. Bush first say 'war on terrorism'?
Answer: 16 September 2001
Question: Which word did George W. Bush apologize for using when talking about the war?
Answer: crusade
Question: When did George W. Bush first say 'war on terror'?
Answer: 20 September 2001
Question: Where did Bush say the 'war on terror' begins?
Answer: with al-Qaeda
Question: When did Bush say the 'war on terror' ends?
Answer: every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated
Question: What controversial term did George W. Bush use on 20 September 2001?
Question: Where did George W. Bush give his 20 September 2001 address from?
Question: What part of the government did George W. Bush address on 16 September 2001?
Question: What day did George W. Bush apologize for the word crusade?
Question: Where was Bush during the televised address?
Question: Who protested the use of the word crusade?
Question: What faith used the term "crusade" in reference to terrorism?
Question: When was the second time Bush referred to the war as a crusade?
Question: What did Obama say the US is at war with, in 2009?
Answer: a far-reaching network of violence and hatred
Question: What was the "Global War on Terror" officially renamed to in March 2009?
Answer: Overseas Contingency Operation
Question: What term did Obama want the government to stop using?
Answer: war on terror
Question: Who said in 2012 that the fight would change from military to law enforcement?
Answer: Jeh Johnson
Question: What was the  "Overseas Contingency Operations" renamed to in 2010?
Answer: Countering Violent Extremism
Question: What did Barack Obama change the name of "Global War on Terror' to?
Question: What is the OOC also known as?
Question: Who spoke at Oxford University in December of 2013?
Question: Who defined the goal in a speech in May of 2012?
Question: What year was "Overseas Contingency Operations" changed to "Violent Extremism Countering?"
Question: What was the Overseas Contingency Operation renamed as in 2009?
Question: What did the Defense Department change its name to?