huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: How many people demonstrated?
Answer: about 3,000
Question: What was the demonstrators' nationality?
Answer: Armenians
Question: The protesters were unhappy with the pollution in what body of water?
Answer: Lake Sevan
Question: Where did the protest march start?
Answer: Opera Plaza
Question: What ws the final day of the 19th Party Conference?
Answer: July 1, 1988
Question: What did Gorbachev hope to create?
Answer: new supreme legislative body
Question: What was Gorbachev trying to separate?
Answer: party and state
Question: What was the proposed legislative body called?
Answer: Congress of People's Deputies
Question: What was the ideology of Gorbachev's opponents?
Answer: conservative
Question: Whose laws would take precedence according to the declaration of national sovereignty?
Answer: Estonian
Question: Who claimed Estonia's national resources?
Answer: Estonia's parliament
Question: What was the name of the group that made its platform known on October 2?
Answer: the Popular Front
Question: How many Azerbaijanis died in the Askeran clash?
Answer: two
Question: When was the Askeran clash?
Answer: February 22, 1988
Question: Who killed the two Azerbaijanis?
Answer: Karabakh police.
Question: What was triggered by the radio broadcast of the deaths?
Answer: Sumgait Pogrom
Question: How many were killed in the ensuing riots?
Answer: 32
Question: Who did Gorbachev make First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party in 1988?
Answer: Abdulrahman Vezirov
Question: Who was First Secretary prior to Vezirov?
Answer: Kamran Baghirov
Question: How many soldiers died on September 17?
Answer: two
Question: People of what ethnicity were thrown out of Shusha?
Answer: Armenian
Question: How long did the Lenin Square protest last?
Answer: 18 days
Question: What is the capitol of Armenia?
Answer: Yerevan
Question: How many people protested on February 23?
Answer: 300,000,
Question: What sort of strike was called?
Answer: transport
Question: What percentage of Armenia's total population protested on February 25?
Answer: about a quarter
Question: How many protesters died in the airport violence?
Answer: one
Question: Who had been previously removed from Azerbaijan?
Answer: Armenians
Question: Who took charge of Yerevan in November of 1988?
Answer: a military commandant
Question: Which monument was a popular meeting place?
Answer: Stephen the Great Monument
Question: Where was the Stephen the Great Monument located?
Answer: Chişinău
Question: What did the movement seek to make the official language of Moldova?
Answer: Romanian
Question: What was Moldova's previous name?
Answer: Moldavia
Question: What group was responsible for the April 25, 1988 protest?
Answer: Ukrainian Cultural Club
Question: Where did the march happen?
Answer: Kiev's Khreschatyk Street
Question: What did the marchers wish to commemorate? 
Answer: Chernobyl nuclear disaster,
Question: Which group held secret Milleneum of Christianity celebrations?
Answer: Ukrainian Catholics
Question: In what city did the Ukrainian Cultural Club have its Millennium celebration?
Answer: Kiev
Question: Where was the dispersal attempt made?
Answer: in front of Druzhba Stadium
Question: Who tried to stop the rally?
Answer: Authorities
Question: Who led the Millennium celebration in Zarvanytsia?
Answer: Pavlo Vasylyk
Question: Who wanted to break up the celebration?
Answer: militia
Question: What is the English translation of Zelenyi Svit?
Answer: Green World
Question: What sort of issues were Zenlenyi Svit and Noosfera concerned with?
Answer: ecological
Question: What sort of organization is Spadschnyna? 
Answer: cultural heritage
Question: What did people gather to observe on December 10th?
Answer: International Human Rights Day
Question: Who found mass graves?
Answer: Zianon Pazniak
Question: What is Pazniak's occupation?
Answer: historian
Question: Where were the graves found?
Answer: Kurapaty
Question: In addition to the police who did the BDF often have conflicts with?
Answer: KGB
Question: Who was questioned on live TV?
Answer: Communist leadership
Question: Where was the Communist government overthrown first?
Answer: Warsaw
Question: When did the Berlin Wall get torn down?
Answer: 1989
Question: What did Eastern European people want to do with communism?
Answer: abandon it
Question: How many constituencies had run-off elections?
Answer: 76
Question: How many CPSU endorsement having candidates lost to independents?
Answer: more than 300
Question: Who made up the Inter-Regional Deputies Group?
Answer: Russian nationalists and liberals.
Question: When did Yeltsin acquire a seat on the Supreme Soviet?
Answer: May 29
Question: What did the Communist Party lose on October 25, 1989 with regards to elections?
Answer: special seats
Question: Who voted to get rid of the special seats?
Answer: the Supreme Soviet
Question: When did congress meet to ratify the amendment to remove special election seats?
Answer: December 12–25
Question: What happened to Prague and Hungary's attempts at independence?
Answer: suppressed by military force
Question: Under what doctrine was the Soviet Union required to intervene in the Warsaw Pact states?
Answer: Brezhnev Doctrine
Question: Other than being expensive what was wrong with the Brezhnev Doctrine?
Answer: oppressive
Question: What is the nickname for Gorbachev's new doctrine?
Answer: Sinatra Doctrine
Question: How long was the chain?
Answer: 600 kilometres
Question: What states did the chain extend over?
Answer: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
Question: What anniversary did the chain take place on?
Answer: 50th anniversary of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
Question: What part of Europe was split up by the pact?
Answer: Eastern
Question: Who was in charge of Lithuania's Communist Party in 1989
Answer: Algirdas Brazauskas
Question: What party did  Lithuania's Communist Party break apart from?
Answer: Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Question: Who was in charge of the loyalist faction?
Answer: Mykolas Burokevičius,
Question: What place's control was the Communist Party of Lithuania out from under after the split?
Answer: Moscow's
Question: Who visited with the hope of bringing back the Communist Party of Lithuania to the Soviet Party?
Answer: Gorbachev
Question: When was Abulfaz Elchibey elected to Chairman of the Popular Front?
Answer: July 16, 1989
Question: How many protesters filled Lenin Square on August 19th?
Answer: 600,000
Question: What did the protesters want?
Answer: release of political prisoners
Question: What shortages were caused by the blockade?
Answer: petrol and food
Question: How much freight into Armenia originated in Azerbaijan? 
Answer: 85 percent
Question: When was the sovereignty law passed?
Answer: September 25
Question: What in Jalilibad was taken over by the Popular Front?
Answer: local party offices
Question: What did the protesters hope to see become a part of Georgia?
Answer: Abkhazia
Question: How many people died in the April 9 attack?
Answer: 20
Question: What happened to Georgian politics as a result of the attack?
Answer: radicalized
Question: What is a moleben?
Answer: religious service
Question: Where was the moleben held?
Answer: in front of St. George's Cathedral.
Question: What were people protesting in Kiev during the last part of February?
Answer: election laws
Question: Who did the protesters want to resign? 
Answer: Volodymyr Scherbytsky
Question: What was Scherbytsky's nickname?
Answer: the mastodon of stagnation
Question: Who visited the Ukraine while the protests were taking place?
Answer: Gorbachev
Question: How many people attended the service in Lviv?
Answer: between 20,000 and 30,000
Question: What ideology's victims were being honored by the Memorial Society?
Answer: Stalinism
Question: How many people from the pre-election meeting in Lviv were detained?
Answer: nearly 300
Question: Members of what ideology were more heavily elected to the union Congress of People's Deputies?
Answer: conservatives
Question: How many deputies were elected?
Answer: 225
Question: How many people attended the Lviv pre-election meetings?
Answer: 25,000
Question: How long did the warning strike last?
Answer: one-hour
Question: Where did the strike take place?
Answer: eight local factories and institutions
Question: Prior to the warning strike when was the last labor strike in Lviv?
Answer: 1944
Question: At what sight was the Bykivnia meeting held?
Answer: mass grave
Question: What were the hunger strikers hoping to draw attention to?
Answer: plight of their Church.
Question: When did the Lviv regional Memorial Society have its first conference?
Answer: May 27, 1989
Question: How many people attended the services in western Ukraine?
Answer: an estimated 100,000
Question: What were the protesters on September 2 demonstrating against?
Answer: draft election law
Question: How many protesters were there in Lviv?
Answer: 50,000
Question: Who was put in charge of the People's Movement of Ukraine?
Answer: Ivan Drach
Question: Where did the People's Movement hold its founding congress?
Answer: Kiev
Question: How many people demonstrated on October 1?
Answer: 10,000 to 15,000
Question: Who attacked the protest?
Answer: militia
Question: Where did the attack occur?
Answer: in front of Lviv's Druzhba Stadium
Question: What was happening in the stadium at the time?
Answer: concert
Question: Prior to the October 20 synod, when was the last one held in Lviv?
Answer: 1930s
Question: How many factories had strikes on October 26?
Answer: twenty
Question: What were the strikes in protest against?
Answer: police brutality
Question: Who decided Ukraine's official language?
Answer: Ukrainian Supreme Soviet
Question: For what reason would the Russian be spoken?
Answer: communication between ethnic groups
Question: Where was the January 2 memorial service?
Answer: Demianiv Laz
Question: When was The Shevchenko Ukrainian Language Society made official?
Answer: mid-November
Question: The three human rights activists reburied November 19th were prisoners where?
Answer: Gulag Camp No. 36
Question: Where was Gulag Camp No. 36 located?
Answer: Perm in the Ural Mountains
Question: Where were the activists reburied?
Answer: Baikove Cemetery.
Question: Who met with Gorbachev on November 22?
Answer: Pope John Paul II
Question: What did the Belorussians wish to be cleaned up?
Answer: Chernobyl disaster site
Question: Where did the Chernobyl Disaster occur?
Answer: Ukraine
Question: When did the Chernobyl disaster happen?
Answer: 1986
Question: What symbol did the protesters wear on their arms?
Answer: radioactivity symbols
Question: How was the weather during the protest?
Answer: torrential rain
Question: Where is the Fergana Valley located?
Answer: southeast of the Uzbek capital
Question: Who were targeted by the local Uzbeks?
Answer: members of the Meskhetian minority
Question: Who was fired from First Secretary position by Gorbachev? 
Answer: Rafiq Nishonov
Question: Who replaced Nishonov?
Answer: Karimov
Question: Who were the rioters?
Answer: young men
Question: What did the rioters try to take over?
Answer: police station and a water-supply station
Question: How many towns had riots of their own following the initial riots?
Answer: five
Question: What was attacked in Mangishlak?
Answer: police station
Question: Which two groups saw increasing ethnic conflicts in 1988?
Answer: Armenians and Azerbaijanis
Question: Who was killed in the January 9 riots?
Answer: four Soviet soldiers
Question: How many people died in the Soviet response to the clashes?
Answer: more than 130
Question: What were the January incidents called?
Answer: Black January
Question: How many Soviet troops occupied Baku?
Answer: 26,000
Question: What party's candidates were murdered in the September 30 elections?
Answer: Popular Front
Question: How many members were from opposition parties?
Answer: 45
Question: How many total members were there?
Answer: 350
Question: Who was elected to be Chairman in May?
Answer: Mutalibov
Question: Who organized this chain?
Answer: Rukh
Question: What country's independence were the chain members celebrating?
Answer: Ukrainian
Question: When had the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church been broken up by the Soviets?
Answer: 1946
Question: In 1990 which party had most of the election victories?
Answer: the Democratic Bloc
Question: Who was voted to get their cathedral back in 1990?
Answer: Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
Question: What party was formed from the dissolved Ukrainian Helsinki Union?
Answer: Ukrainian Republican Party
Question: What was the first day that the new parliament met?
Answer: May 15
Question: Who became the new patriarch of the UAOC in 1990?
Answer: Metropolitan Mstyslav
Question: Who was elected to be the new deputy general secretary of the Communist Part of the Soviet Union in July?
Answer: Volodymyr Ivashko
Question: How long did it take Parliament to accept Ivashko's resignation?
Answer: a week
Question: How many Parliament members voted against the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine?
Answer: four
Question: Who would succeed Ivashko as the chairman of Parliament?
Answer: Leonid Kravchuk
Question: What did Parliament vote to shut down in August?
Answer: Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
Question: Where was the August 9 liturgy held?
Answer: St. George Cathedral.
Question: Prior to the September 8th rally when was the last Youth for Christ rally held?
Answer: 1933
Question: How many people attended the Youth for Christ rally?
Answer: 40,000
Question: Where was the UAOC protest held?
Answer: near St. Sophia’s Cathedral
Question: Who were in the cathedral at the time of the protest?
Answer: Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metropolitan Filaret
Question: What had Aleksei and Filaret been up to at the time of the protest?
Answer: liturgy
Question: What was attacked by Soviet troops on January 13?
Answer: Vilnius TV Tower
Question: Where was the TV Tower located?
Answer: Lithuania
Question: What were the Soviets hoping to stop?
Answer: independence movement
Question: How many civilians died in the attack?
Answer: Fourteen
Question: What was attacked by Russians on July 31?
Answer: Lithuanian border post in Medininkai
Question: What was Gorbachev attempting to decentralize? 
Answer: Soviet Union
Question: What was supposed to be signed on August 20?
Answer: New Union Treaty
Question: Who supported the treaty?
Answer: Central Asian republics,
Question: What would have maintained power if the treaty was signed?
Answer: Communist Party
Question: What were they prepared to have happen to the Soviet Union in order to get a market economy?
Answer: disintegration
Question: What was Yeltsin president of?
Answer: the Russian Federation,
Question: Whose control were regional authorities hoping to do away with?
Answer: Moscow’s
Question: Who did the organizers want to arrest?
Answer: Yeltsin
Question: Where was Yeltsin during the coup?
Answer: atop a tank
Question: What was Yeltsin doing on the tank?
Answer: speech-making
Question: What TV channel carried the broadcast of the coup?
Answer: CNN
Question: What was signed at the secret meeting in Balarus?
Answer: Belavezha Accords
Question: When was the meeting held?
Answer: December 8
Question: What was formed to replace the Soviet Union?
Answer: the Commonwealth of Independent States
Question: What was coming to an end?
Answer: the USSR
Question: When were the Belavezha Accords ratified?
Answer: December 12
Question: Who ratified the Accords?
Answer: the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR
Question: Who was recalled?
Answer: Russian deputies
Question: Who showed signs that he was considering resigning his position?
Answer: Gorbachev
Question: How many of the former republics had representatives sign the Protocol?
Answer: 11
Question: What did the Protocol establish?
Answer: CIS
Question: What was dissolved by the Protocol?
Answer: Union
Question: Which news organization did Gorbachev talk to about his resignation plans? 
Answer: CBS
Question: When did Gorbachev resign?
Answer: December 25, 1991
Question: Who was given control after Gorbachev left?
Answer: Yeltsin
Question: What was Russia's new legal name?
Answer: Russian Federation
Question: What was the Russian Federations previous legal name?
Answer: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Question: What went down after Gorbachev departed from the Kremlin?
Answer: Soviet flag
Question: What replaced the Soviet flag?
Answer: Russian tricolor
Question: When did Gorbachev make his final Kremlin exit?
Answer: December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time
Question: What was declared as having ceased to exist?
Answer: the Soviet Union
Question: What body also stopped existing following a vote by itself to end itself?
Answer: upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet,
Question: What made Russia the successor state to the USSR?
Answer: Alma-Ata Protocol
Question: Who wrote the letter to the UN secretary general informing them that Russia would be replacing the USSR?
Answer: Yeltsin
Question: What was the date on the Yeltsin letter?
Answer: December 24, 1991
Question: When did the UN accept the statement?
Answer: December 31, 1991
Question: Who was set up as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine on the 18th of November?
Answer: Mstyslav
Question: Who gave Mstyslav this title?
Answer: Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
Question: Who was the Canadian consul-general to Kiev?
Answer: Nestor Gayowsky
Question: What country made John Stepanchuk its consul-general to Kiev?
Answer: United States
Question: How long lasting was the pact between Kravchuk and Yeltsin?
Answer: 10-year
Question: How long was Jesus hung for?
Answer: six hours
Question: What did the sign say on top of Jesus' cross?
Answer: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews
Question: What was done to make sure Jesus was dead?
Answer: they pierced his side with a spear
Question: How many statements did Jesus make on the cross?
Answer: seven statements
Question: Who did Pontius Pilate believe that he was?
Question: What did soldiers do to Christians as a punishment?
Question: What is one thing that Pilate used to drink?
Question: What did Pilate take from Jesus after winning a bet?
Question: How many statements did the Romans make about Christians?
Question: Do non-Christians agree that the Crucifixion happened?
Answer: the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be
Question: Is the exact reason known that Jesus got Crucified for?
Answer: the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine
Question: Who said the Crucifixion of Jesus is firmly established.
Answer: Eddy
Question: Who said the Baptism of Jesus was Univeral Assent?
Answer: James Dunn
Question: What kind of confirmation is there about the life of Pontius Pilate?
Question: What do Eddy and Boyd believe about Pilate and and how he shaped the life of the Jewish people?
Question: How many trials had Pilate presided over before Jesus?
Question: What does the crucifixion of Jesus mean for understanding the life of Pilate?
Question: Why did Pilate decide to turn Jesus over to the Jews?
Question: Are all sources of the crucification literary?
Answer: almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary
Question: What evidence was found that Crucifixion did happen?
Answer: the 1968 archeological discovery
Question: Who was the crucified man discovered in an archaeological find?
Answer: ben Hagkol
Question: When was Ben Hagkol crucified?
Answer: about 70 AD
Question: What institution holds a heel bone with a spike inserted?
Answer: Israel Museum
Question: When did the Romans first take the city of Hagkol?
Question: What year was the Israel Museum established?
Question: What discovery was made northeast of the city of Hagkol?
Question: What was the average age of Roman soldiers?
Question: What did the Romans keep as a deterrent to others who would revolt?
Question: What part of the Bible references the death of Jesus?
Answer: New Testament epistles
Question: How many times did Jesus predict his own death?
Answer: three
Question: What part of Jesus' life is detailed in these gospels?
Answer: Jesus' arrest, trial, crucifixion, burial, and accounts of resurrection
Question: How detailed is the description of Jesus' death?
Answer: hour-by-hour account
Question: What part of the Bible was written later than the Old Testament?
Question: How many scholars did it take to translate the New Testament?
Question: How quickly were scholars able to interpret and translate the Bible?
Question: What do scholars have to overcome when meeting bias about discussing Jesus?
Question: How did scholars treat the Bible when trying to accurately translate it?
Question: What did Jesus do before he was arrested?
Answer: the Last Supper
Question: How many Apostles were there at the Last Supper?
Answer: Twelve Apostles
Question: How was Jesus tortured before he was crucified?
Answer: flogged
Question: What was placed on Jesus' head?
Answer: crowned with thorns
Question: What city was the Sanhedrin located in?
Question: Who appointed the Sanhedrin to office to form a judicial body?
Question: In front of what judicial body did the twelve apostles stand trial?
Question: What group handed the twelve apostles over for crucifixion?
Question: What was a punishment given to the twelve apostles?
Question: How many hours did Jesus endure Crucifixion?
Answer: six hours
Question: How many accounts are there of Jesus' last words?
Answer: seven statements altogether
Question: Who removed Jesus from the cross?
Answer: Joseph of Arimathea
Question: What was offered to the two thieves to drink?
Question: Did the two thieves drink the wine or refuse it?
Question: How many statements did the two thieves make after being crucified?
Question: Where were the two thieves buried after they died from crucifixion?
Question: Who was related to the two thieves that were crucified?
Question: What detail of Jesus's Crucifiction was only found in Matthew's Gospel?
Answer: an earthquake
Question: Which gospel mentioned the time of Crucifiction?
Answer: Mark
Question: Who did Jesus talk to in the Gospel of Luke?
Answer: words to the women who were mourning
Question: What gospel talks about breaking Jesus' legs?
Answer: John
Question: What prophecy was fulfilled by the piercing of Jesus' side?
Answer: Old Testament prophecy
Question: What time did the Romans decide to guard the tomb of Jesus?
Question: Who did the Roman soldiers speak to when they were in mourning?
Question: What did one Roman soldier do to chastise the other?
Question: What did the Roman soldiers do to celebrate their victory?
Question: What did the Romans use when one of their soldiers had an injury?
Question: Which Epistle details the raising of Jesus?
Answer: First Epistle to the Corinthians
Question: Which writing detailed Jesus' appearance before ascension?
Answer: canonical Gospels
Question: How long did Jesus stay with the Apostles per the Acts of the Apostles?
Answer: forty days
Question: What day is accounted in the Gospel of Luke as the ascension?
Answer: Easter Sunday
Question: Who wrote both accounts of the Crucifixion and ascension?
Answer: St. Luke
Question: Where did St. Luke go after he died?
Question: How many days had Luke been an apostle?
Question: How many people saw Jesus when he was first seen after his crucifixion?
Question: Who was the first apostle to see Jesus afte he was raised from the dead?
Question: How often do scholars need to revise what they have written about the Bible?
Question: How does Mark say Jesus' life ends?
Answer: Jesus calls out to God, then gives a shout and dies
Question: what natural disaster is mention when Jesus died?
Answer: an earthquake
Question: What does Luke say one of the rebels does?
Answer: promises that he (Jesus) and the criminal will be together in paradise
Question: How does Luke make Jesus seem at his Crucifixion?
Answer: impassive
Question: How long were the two rebels hanging on crosses?
Question: How was one criminal treated when crucified compared to the other?
Question: What did one of the criminals do before he died from being crucified?
Question: What happened to the clothes one of the criminals was wearing?
Question: How did the criminals react to their own crucifixion?
Question: Where can an early non-Christian reference be found to the Crucifixion?
Answer: Mara Bar-Serapion's letter to his son
Question: What is the author of the letter assumed to be?
Answer: pagan
Question: What does the letter reference?
Answer: retributions that followed the unjust treatment of three wise men
Question: Other than Jesus, who was one of the wisemen?
Answer: Socrates
Question: Does everyone agree with the content of the letter?
Answer: others place less value in the letter
Question: Who did Socrates write a letter to about the crucifixion?
Question: When did Socrates write a letter to his son about the crucifixion?
Question: What religion is Socrates presumed to follow?
Question: Who was Socrates referring to in his letter according to Pythagoras?
Question: How much value did Pythagoras place in the crucifixion?
Question: Why do some scholars propose a Thursday is possible?
Answer: a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath
Question: Why do some other scholars argue that it happened on a Wednesday?
Answer: on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew
Question: How long was Jesus said to be in the tomb?
Answer: three days and three nights
Question: Was Jesus in the tomb exactly 72 hours?
Answer: references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights
Question: On what day is it thought the first part of the New Testament was written?
Question: What other two days could the New Testament could have been written?
Question: Why would some scholars believe the beginning of the New Testament was written on Thursday?
Question: What other day is believed the first part of the New Testament was written on instead of Friday?
Question: During what period was the beginning of the New Testament written?
Question: What time was the crucifiction per Mark?
Answer: 9 a.m.
Question: What time did Jesus die per Mark?
Answer: 3 p.m.
Question: Why do scholars say the times are different depending on the gospel it's written in?
Answer: based on the use of Roman timekeeping in John but not in Mark
Question: What is another reason the times differ so much?
Answer: no standardization of timepieces, or exact recording of hours and minutes was available
Question: How close was time guessed in the day of the Gospels?
Answer: approximated to the closest three-hour period
Question: What time did Pilate hold court in the morning?
Question: What did Pilate call for to make it easier to tell time?
Question: During what time period was Pilate avaliable to be seen?
Question: What did Pilate want with the Roman empire?
Question: What was rejected by Rome when Pilate brought reconciliation to the table?
Question: What did Jesus say to women in the crowd?
Answer: do not weep for me
Question: Where are the words found in the Gospel?
Answer: Lk. 23:28-31
Question: What followed Jesus around?
Answer: crowd of mourners
Question: What was the ground like where Jesus was crucified?
Question: What did the women gather to keep themselves warm?
Question: What color did some women in Jerusalem like to wear?
Question: What did Jesus do when he felt sorrow for Jerusalem?
Question: What high area is usually green when new grass grows?
Question: Where was the location of the Crucifixion detailed?
Answer: all four Gospels
Question: What was one reason Calvary was chosen?
Answer: a place of public execution
Question: What is rumored to be found in Calvary?
Answer: skulls of abandoned victims
Question: What is a reason the place was called Calvary?
Answer: the name was derived from the physical contour
Question: What language did most Romans know how to speak?
Question: Where did the Romans usually speak Aramaic?
Question: What did Romans do with Aramaic after they began speaking Latin?
Question: On top of what formation was the Roman empire located?
Question: What type of punishment did most people suffer who were buried in a nearby cemetery?
Question: Matthew described that who was present at the Crucifixion?
Answer: many women
Question: The three gospels speak of the presence of which priests?
Answer: the chief priests
Question: How many people were crucified with Jesus?
Answer: two robbers crucified, one on Jesus' right and one on his left
Question: Who kept watch over Jesus?
Answer: the soldiers
Question: Name one other group present at the Crucifixion?
Answer: acquaintances
Question: Who were the women keeping watch over according to his acquanitances?
Question: How many acquaintances are named in the Gospels?
Question: What had the scribes and elders been assembled for according to the women?
Question: Where were the elders standing when Jesus was crucified?
Question: What was the attidude of the scribes when watching the crucifixion?
Question: What kind of cross is generally believed that Jesus was crucified on?
Answer: traditional two-beamed cross
Question: What cross do Jehovah Witnesses claim Jesus was crucified on?
Answer: single upright stake
Question: What causes the different accounts of the cross used?
Answer: The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous
Question: What latin word was used to describe the cross used?
Answer: crux
Question: Why was there doubt about the Latin word?
Answer: crux was also applied to objects other than a cross
Question: What terms did Jehovah's Witnesses use to describe a cross?
Question: What is the definition of koine?
Question: What objects were the word gibbet also applied to?
Question: What is the nature of the words Jehovah's Witnesses use to describe wood?
Question: What language did Jehovah's Witnesses base their religious writings on?
Question: What Epistle described the cross?
Answer: Epistle of Barnabas
Question: Who says with certainty that the cross was made out of two beams?
Answer: Justin Martyr
Question: Why was that type of cross important?
Answer: a symbol of the suffering
Question: How many ends did the cross supposedly have?
Answer: five extremities
Question: How is one attached to the cross?
Answer: fixed by the nails
Question: In what year was Barnabas born?
Question: What numeric value did the significance of the lamb have?
Question: For how long was the Greek alphabet used?
Question: What did Barnabas use to build a cross with?
Question: How many times had Irenaeus seen a roasted lamb?
Question: How many nails were suggested they used for the crucifixion?
Answer: three nails
Question: According to some sources, what is theorized to be the maximum nails used?
Answer: 14 nails
Question: What adds to the confusion of the number of nails used?
Answer: artistic depictions of the crucifixion
Question: What do all artworks have in common regarding the crucifixion?
Answer: Nails are almost always depicted
Question: Jesuits claim how many nails were used?
Answer: three nails
Question: How many paintings have been made about the crucifixion?
Question: Before the Renaissance where did Jesuits usually place their art?
Question: What artistic medium was appreciated by Romans?
Question: There were 14 western churches before what period?
Question: What are Romans usually depicted in?
Question: Who claims the hands were pierced?
Answer: the Greek
Question: The Romans tried to affix by avoiding what?
Answer: without fracturing any bones
Question: What other location is offered by the Greek?
Answer: forearm
Question: What other way to affix to the cross is there?
Answer: Ropes
Question: Do theories say if Destot's bones were fractured?
Question: What bones are the radius and ulna located between?
Question: What did Destot use instead of nails to avoid fracturing bones?
Question: What was the nationality of Destot?
Question: What other location does Destot believe was used for crucifixion?
Question: What was said to be used as a platform for crucifixion?
Answer: a hypopodium
Question: Why was a platform used?
Answer: the hands may not have been able to support the weight
Question: Who considered this topic in the 17th century?
Answer: Rasmus Bartholin
Question: Who performed crucifixion experiments in the 20th century to test theories?
Answer: Frederick Zugibe
Question: Who also used suspension as a form of punishment?
Answer: Nazis
Question: In what century did Rasmos Bartholin perform crucifixion experiments?
Question: What was the occupation of Rasmus Bartholin?
Question: What was an aufbinden used for to support the feet in crucifixion?
Question: Who did Bartholin hang in his experiments on crucifixion in the 20th century?
Question: What did Bartholin use to hang human subjects during crucifixion experiments?
Question: What Psalm gives the words of Jesus on the cross?
Answer: Psalm 22
Question: What contradiction is found in this Psalm?
Answer: verse is cited in Aramaic rather than the Hebrew
Question: What was the psalm said to be in Jesus' time?
Answer: a proverbial saying in common usage
Question: How do the other gospels describe Jesus' last words?
Answer: theologically correct and reassuring
Question: How does the sentence appear to historians?
Answer: a genuine cry
Question: What kind of writing did Geza Vermes usually produce?
Question: What language did Geza Vermes study while in school?
Question: What language was learned by Geza Vermes when he was a child?
Question: How did Raymond Brown describe the effect Jesus had on society?
Question: Does Geza Vermes believe that there is a valid argument against the existence of Jesus?
Question: Why was a solar eclipse impossible?
Answer: the full moon
Question: Which Greek historian wrote about these natural occurrences?
Answer: Greek historian Phlegon
Question: Who reigned Rome during the Crucifixion of Jesus?
Answer: Tiberius Caesar
Question: What other event supposedly took place that shook people?
Answer: earthquakes
Question: In what year was the first known solar eclipse?
Question: During what event was Phlegon born?
Question: What Jewish feast day was first celebrated in the 2nd century AD?
Question: What did Origen believe he witnessed when he wrote about it in the 2nd century AD?
Question: During who's rule did Origen write about an eclipse?
Question: What event did Thallus describe?
Answer: an eclipse of the sun
Question: What day do Hebrews celebrate Passover?
Answer: the 14th day
Question: When does the passion of Jesus fall?
Answer: the day before the passover
Question: Where were these events documented?
Answer: the Roman archives
Question: For how many years had the Romans kept archives?
Question: Where did Africanus believe that the recording of the date of Passover was documented?
Question: What was the occupation of Africanus?
Question: His book of History was Tertullian's what in a series of books written?
Question: When did the Romans begin their rule of Jerusalem?
Question: How long would a lunar eclipse be visible?
Answer: thirty minutes
Question: What person possibly made a mistake while copying text?
Answer: a scribe wrongly amending a text
Question: Which historian says this opinion is indefensible?
Answer: David Henige
Question: What inconsistency would be found in this explanation?
Answer: the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours
Question: What university is David Henige employed by?
Question: What event did David Henige believe might have happened instead of a solar eclipse?
Question: For how many minutes did David Henige belive the lunar eclipse would be visible?
Question: What city was Henige originally from?
Question: What does Colin Humphreys dismiss the explanation as?
Question: Who amended the account at a later date?
Answer: Luke
Question: What prompts darkness over the land in old literary works?
Answer: the death of kings and other major figures
Question: What ethnicity are these literary works mostly?
Answer: Jewish
Question: Who describes the idea of an eclipse as totally wrong?
Answer: Géza Vermes
Question: What does Philo believe those who take the image of darkness literally are doing?
Question: What prompted Philo to become a writer?
Question: What did Philo not intend to happen after someone read his writings?
Question: What nationality was Dio Cassius?
Question: What group of readers would have read works by Geza Vermes?
Question: What did Frederick Zugibe study in detail for this book?
Answer: the likely circumstances of the death of Jesus
Question: How did Zugibe try to prove his theories?
Answer: carried out a number of experiments over several years
Question: What kind of experiments did Zugibe run?
Answer: experiments in which volunteers with specific weights were hanging
Question: What specifics were recorded in his experiments?
Answer: amount of pull and the corresponding pain
Question: What book was written by volunteers?
Question: What did volunteers study to write the book about Jesus' crucifixion?
Question: How did volunteers study how Jesus died?
Question: In what way did volunteers hang Zugibe during the experiments?
Question: What did volunteers find increased in Zugibe depending on if his feet were secured?
Question: What do Christians believe regarding Jesus' death?
Answer: instrumental in restoring humankind to relationship with God
Question: How are people united with God?
Answer: through faith in Jesus’ substitutionary death
Question: What specific fact do Christians believe about death?
Answer: eternal life in heaven after the body’s death
Question: Jesus's Resurrection fills believer with what?
Answer: confidence of eternal life
Question: What feeling usually fills a believer regarding the resurrection?
Answer: joy
Question: What is one thing people need to have to gain employment?
Question: What kind of music do Christians often have during church service?
Question: Who do Christians believe created the universe?
Question: What is one thing that people are afraid of?
Question: What is one thing you need to have in your house to see at night?
Question: What book details the submission of Jesus to being crucified?
Answer: agent Christology
Question: Why did Jesus accept Crucifixion.
Answer: sake of eventual victory
Question: What theme is central is the Gospel of John in resurrection?
Answer: salvific theme
Question: How is Resurrection detailed in the book of Revelations?
Answer: lamb slain but standing
Question: What is another name for Jesus given?
Answer: The Lamb of God
Question: Why did Johannine accept who would be saved?
Question: What book was written by John the Baptist?
Question: What sacrifice did John the Baptist make as an agent of?
Question: What did John the Baptist want to take away?
Question: What did Johannine believe he was not?
Question: Who's Christology focuses on the death and Resurrection?
Answer: Paul's Christology
Question: How is the crucifixion related to the resurrection per Paul?
Answer: directly related
Question: What term does Paul use for the Gospels?
Answer: the cross of Christ
Question: Paul claims the Resurrection was needed for what reason?
Answer: based on the plan of God
Question: How does Paul view the Resurrection of Jesus?
Answer: power of the cross
Question: At what time is it believed Paul wrote 1 Corinthians?
Question: By what plan did Paul write some of the Gospels?
Question: When have cosmic events usually happened?
Question: What is the birth of Jesus thought to be in history?
Question: Why is it believed that Paul was born?
Question: What did John Calvin claim Jesus could have done?
Answer: successfully argued for his innocence
Question: Why did Jesus submit to crucifixion?
Answer: obedience to the Father
Question: The Eastern Church believes what regarding the death and ressurection?
Answer: "pre-eternally" determined by the Father
Question: What did Jesus's death accomplish per the Eastern Church?
Answer: redeem humanity from the disgrace caused by the fall of Adam
Question: What is the blood of the lamb?
Answer: had a cleansing nature, similar to baptismal water
Question: What kind of Christology was supported by Karl Rahner?
Question: What did Karl Rahner believe Jesus could have successfully argued for?
Question: According to Rahner how did Jesus submit during his trial?
Question: How did John Calvin believe the crucifixion was determined?
Question: What was the blood of Jesus similar to according to John Calvin?
Question: What does Jesus' death and Resurrection support?
Answer: how salvation is granted to humanity
Question: How important is Jesus' death to modern theology?
Answer: central importance
Question: Did Jesus sacrifice himself without fighting?
Answer: Jesus willingly sacrificed himself
Question: Why did Jesus sacrifice himself?
Answer: an act of perfect obedience
Question: What church is the sacrifice important to?
Answer: the Roman Catholic church
Question: According to the moral influence theory, Jesus death is how important?
Question: What kind of obedience do those believe in moral influence theory believe Jesus went to his death in?
Question: What do moral influence theorists believe God thought of Jesus's sacrifice?
Question: Since what period in time has the Roman Catholic Church existed?
Question: What kind of substitution do moral influence theorists believe Jesus's death particularly was?
Question: What symbol is popular in Marian Art?
Answer: Marian Cross
Question: Which pope claims Mary was present at Jesus' Crucifixion?
Answer: Pope John Paul II
Question: Who painted the Mond Crucifixion.
Answer: Raphael
Question: Who was responsible for the art names "His Entombment"?
Answer: Caravaggio
Question: What kind of medal did Raphael put in one of his paintings?
Question: What pope did Caravaggio crate a portrait of?
Question: What was Pope John Paul II wearing in his portrait?
Question: Who did Caravaggio believe Mary was united to on the cross?
Question: What famous artist worked for Pope John Paul II?
Question: What kinds of governed nations may not have a specific, individual high court?
Answer: Civil law states
Question: What is an example of a highest court not being specifically called a Supreme Court?
Answer: the High Court of Australia
Question: To which body can decisions made by this specific high court be appealed?
Answer: the Privy Council
Question: What Canadian courts also are not specifically the highest courts in that country?
Answer: the Supreme Courts of several Canadian provinces/territories
Question: What is the highest court in all jurisdictions named?
Question: What do civil law states tend to have?
Question: Where can decisions from the Privy Council be appealed to?
Question: What is the Courts of Appeal superseded by in England?
Question: Countries with more than one supreme court may divide their primacy by what factors?
Answer: different geographical extents, or which are restricted to particular areas of law
Question: What is an example of the highest court in a federal system of government?
Answer: the Supreme Court of the United States
Question: What are some countries that have a separate supreme court to decide constitutional matters?
Answer: Austria, France, Germany, Luxemburg, Portugal, Spain and South Africa
Question: A court system with a hierarchy of different administrative courts occurs in what kind of legal system?
Answer: a civil law system
Question: How are some of the "federal court" jurisdictions divided?
Question: What types of supreme courts to countries with a civil system of government have?
Question: What document was written in 1902?
Question: What do jurisdictions with a federal law system often have?
Question: What term describes a system where the supreme court's decisions are binding over the lower courts?
Answer: stare decisis
Question: What jurisdictions does this system not apply to?
Answer: civil law jurisdictions
Question: In a civil law jurisdiction, rulings by a supreme court are only binding for which decisions?
Answer: the immediate case before it
Question: Even in civil law jurisdictions, decisions by supreme courts establish what?
Answer: a very strong precedent
Question: What is the legal term for the precedence established by multiple court rulings?
Answer: jurisprudence constante
Question: What doctrine applies in jurisdictions that have a supreme court system?
Question: What does stare decisis say about decisions made by lower courts in regard the supreme court?
Question: What is the civil court precedent also known as?
Question: What are not necessarily binding in common law jurisdictions?
Question: Canada's Supreme Court didn't actually become that country's highest court until when?
Answer: 1949
Question: If a provincial case is appealed, how is the Supreme Court's decision applied?
Answer: The court's decisions are final and binding
Question: Before 1949, Supreme Court decisions in Canada could be appealed to what body?
Answer: the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
Question: What was established in 1785?
Question: What was abolished in 1499?
Question: What does the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council hear?
Question: Why can the title "Supreme Court" be confusing?
Question: When did Britain formally surrender sovreignty over Hong Kong?
Answer: 1997
Question: When Hong Kong was a colony of Great Britain, which body was the highest court of appeal?
Answer: the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC)
Question: Where is the JCPC located?
Answer: London, United Kingdom
Question: When was the Court of Final Appeal established?
Answer: 1997
Question: The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is seated in what city?
Answer: Beijing
Question: What event occurred in Hong Kong in 1979?
Question: What is also known as the CJPC?
Question: What was created in 1979?
Question: What does Article 29 of the Basic Law state?
Question: What does Article 185 of the Basic Law state?
Question: On what date was India's Supreme Court established?
Answer: January 28, 1950
Question: What article of India's Constitution makes decisions by their Supreme Court binding on lower courts?
Answer: Article 141
Question: India's Supreme Court has ultimate power to determine interpretations of what?
Answer: the Constitution
Question: When the Supreme Court ensures that lower courts have properly applied the law it is called what?
Answer: judicial review
Question: In addition to national laws, India's Supreme Court may also interpret what regulations?
Answer: local bylaws
Question: What was created on January 29, 1850?
Question: What was adopted after the creation of the Supreme Court of India?
Question: What does Article 414 of the Constitution of India say?
Question: Why is the Supreme Court vested with the power of judicial authority?
Question: Ireland's highest court has the power to determine whether laws are allowed by what document?
Answer: the constitution
Question: Who is the highest judge in Ireland's Supreme Court?
Answer: the Chief Justice
Question: Besides chief justice, how many other judges sit on Ireland's Supreme Court?
Answer: seven other judges
Question: Where is Ireland's Supreme Court seated?
Answer: the Four Courts in Dublin
Question: The lower courts are made of a Chief Justice and how many other judges?
Question: What organization's advice does the Chief Justice take when appointing Supreme Court Judges?
Question: Where does the appellate court sit in Dublin?
Question: Israel's Supreme Court fulfills what two major functions?
Answer: both an appellate court and the high court of justice
Question: Israel's legislative body is called what?
Answer: the Knesset
Question: Israel's Supreme court has uses what internal method to review its own decisions?
Answer: a panel of three or more justices
Question: A retrial is also called what?
Answer: "trial de novo"
Question: Where does the Israeli appellate court sit?
Question: What types of cases does the appeals court hear?
Question: What does the Supreme Court of Jusice grant?
Question: What is an "order trial de novo" also known as?
Question: What is the role of New Zealand's highest court?
Answer: purely appellate
Question: What court's decisions may be appealed to New Zealand's supreme court?
Answer: Court of Appeal of New Zealand
Question: New Zealand's second ranking court is known as what?
Answer: the High Court
Question: Local decisions by what judicial body may remain within the jurisdiction of local courts?
Answer: the District Court
Question: What was officially established at the beginning of 1980?
Question: What was the Supreme Court known as until 2004?
Question: Where are appeals always moved to from the High Court?
Question: What are the District Court and Court of Appeal considered to be?
Question: What are some of the territories within Pakistan?
Answer: FATA, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT)
Question: What type of cases may Pakistan's Supreme Court hear from FATA?
Answer: appeals only of a constitutional nature