huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: The Union Jack flag represented the union of what two departments?
Question: Who has not recognized the Union-jack-like flag?
Question: What flag has French origins?
Question: When did protests against the super-region occur?
Question: Around when did the Annexation of Alsace occur?
Answer: 17th century
Question: With education reforms in the 19th century what did this lead to in Alsace?
Answer: middle classes began to speak and write French
Question: What is now the German dialects of speech now referred as to?
Answer: standard German
Question: When did French become the most common language?
Question: When did Germany annex Alsace?
Question: When did writing French in the middle class fall out of fashion?
Question: Standard Germany became policy during what revolution?
Question: What helped German literacy in the 19th century?
Question: Between what time period did the reannexation of Germany occur?
Answer: 1940–1945
Question: What were French families forced to do during the German reannexation?
Answer: names were Germanized.
Question: When did the suspension of German teaching in  schools happen?
Answer: 1927
Question: When did teaching German cease to be an issue?
Question: What did the French government force French family names to become?
Question: 1927 made what the language of education?
Question: What did the French do contrary to their typical language policy?
Question: What years did the Francization campaign run?
Question: What was the name of the Memorandum that allowed German teaching in Alsace schools to become more official?
Answer: Circulaire sur la langue et la culture régionales en Alsace
Question: What is the name of the memorandum that past on June 21, 1982?
Answer: Circulaire Savary
Question: What did the Circulair Savary introduce?
Answer: introduced financial support, over three years, for the teaching of regional languages in schools and universities
Question: When was the Vice-Chancellor elected?
Question: How long did it take to introduce the Circulair Savary?
Question: Who wrote the Circulaire Savary?
Question: What was implemented with strict expectations?
Question: What was another name for the Vice-Chancellor of the Academie?
Question: Which two dialects were banned from public life?
Answer: Alsatian and Standard German
Question: What did the banning of the two dialects  include?
Answer: street and city names, official administration, and educational system
Question: Although Aslation is rarely used today, which region still uses their mother language of Aslation?
Answer: Sundgau region
Question: What other language besides French and German are part of the Aslation-French dialect of today?
Answer: Yiddish
Question: Which language is currently banned?
Question: What is the name of the region where Yiddish is primarily spoken?
Question: What area is primarily Standard German in culture?
Question: Most young people speak what form of German?
Question: What is Yiddish primarily influenced by?
Question: What does the French constitution state for the language in Aslace?
Answer: French alone is the official language
Question: How many adult speakers speak Alsatian according the 1999 INSEE survey?
Answer: 548,000
Question: With Alsatian language on the decline, what is the ration of children using the language regularly today?
Answer: one in ten children
Question: What states that Alsatian is the official language?
Question: How many adult speakers of Occitan are there?
Question: What percentage of adults could not speak Alsatian in 1999?
Question: How many children speak French?
Question: There are 548,000 child speakers of what language?
Question: In Alsatian, what does Sauerkraut mean?
Answer: sour cabbage
Question: What can Sauerkraut be served with?
Answer: poultry, pork, sausage or even fish
Question: What is Sauerkraut typically served with in Alsace?
Answer: Strasbourg sausage or frankfurters, bacon, smoked pork or smoked Morteau or Montbéliard sausages
Question: What word does Choucroute come from?
Question: What dialect is the Alsatian word for sauerkraut different from?
Question: What meats is sauerkraut not served alongside of?
Question: What does choucroute mean?
Question: Pork products are left to ferment in what?
Question: What is the meaning of the name Aslatia in English?
Answer: a lawless place" or "a place under no jurisdiction
Question: What was the meaning or term used for Aslace that was used by english people in the 20th century?
Answer: ramshackle marketplace
Question: Which nationalities still refer it to Alslace "ramshackle marketplace" as of 2007?
Answer: English and Australian
Question: What is Lord Justice Sedley's nationality?
Question: Who coined the word "Alsatia"?
Question: Alsatia is the English form of what?
Question: When did the use of the word Alsatia fall out of practice?
Question: What does UMBS stand for?
Question: What is currently being planed west of Strasbourg? 
Answer: new dual carriageway
Question: What would the use of a new carriageway do in Alsace?
Answer: reduce the buildup of traffic in that area
Question: What is the name the German Highway  that would of been crossed with the French Truck road?
Answer: Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn
Question: The new line is (carriageway) would link which other intersections?
Answer: Hœrdt to the north of Strasbourg, with Innenheim in the southwest
Question: What plans have been canceled?
Question: The dual carriageway would link what interchange to the left of the Rhine?
Question: What is the name of the new carriageway?
Question: What percentage of traffic used the Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn?
Question: How many vehicles crossed teh Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn per day in 1950?
Question: What's the name of the Christian festive season that occurs before the season of Lent?
Answer: Carnival
Question: When do the main events of the Christian festival occur?
Answer: February
Question: Who is the Carnival open to?
Answer: public
Question: What do participants of the Carnival experience a heightened sense of?
Answer: social unity
Question: What is consumed in excessive amounts during Lent?
Answer: alcohol
Question: The term Carnival is very common in areas with a large presence of which religious sect?
Answer: Catholic
Question: What country no longer celebrates Carnival?
Answer: the Philippines
Question: The Manila Carnival was dissolved after what year?
Answer: 1939
Question: What is the Carnival known as in countries which are mostly Lutheran?
Answer: Fastelavn
Question: What is the name of the festival celebrated in Eastern Orthodox nations during the last week before Great Lent?
Answer: Maslenitsa
Question: Why was the carnival feast typically the last opportunity to eat well?
Answer: food shortage at the end of the winter
Question: What was one limited to during the winter?
Answer: the minimum necessary
Question: What does "vastenavond" mean?
Answer: the days before fasting)
Question: Why would all the remaining stores of lard, butter and meat left at vastenavond be eaten?
Answer: it would soon start to rot and decay
Question: When would new food sources be available for those who survived the winter?
Answer: spring
Question: What did a bunch of Germanic tribes celebrate?
Answer: the returning of the daylight
Question: How was the ship carrying a predominant deity moved around during the jubilee?
Answer: on wheels
Question: Why was the winter driven out?
Answer: to make sure that fertility could return in spring
Question: What is Nerthus the goddess of?
Answer: fertility
Question: How would the marriage of a man and woman on the ship serve as a fertility ritual?
Answer: be consummated
Question: What do the Germans feel it inconsistent to confine gods within?
Answer: walls
Question: Germans do not liken the gods to whose countenance?
Answer: human
Question: When is the car used in the ritual purified? 
Answer: Afterwards
Question: Where is the divinity herself purified? 
Answer: a secret lake
Question: All rich food and drink were consumed before what named event?
Answer: Lent
Question: The giant celebration that involved the whole community is thought to be the origin of what festivity?
Answer: Carnival
Question: How long is the Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar?
Answer: six weeks
Question: What type of rich foods did people refrain from eating during Lent?
Answer: meat, dairy, fat and sugar
Question: Carnival was also a result of what area's folk culture?
Answer: European
Question: How many days is Jesus traditionally said to have fasted in the desert?
Answer: 40
Question: What pagan midwinter festival did the church find easier to subvert than eliminate?
Answer: Christmas
Question: Why were multiple holidays seized by the Catholic population?
Answer: outlet for their daily frustrations
Question: In what year did the synod in Leptines rant against the excesses of the festival?
Answer: 743
Question: In what month did the excesses occur?
Answer: February
Question: What type of books from around 800 contain more information of people's traditions during this period?
Answer: Confession
Question: What was it a sin with no small penance to dress up as?
Answer: an animal or old woman
Question: What would some people in Spain go out disguised as?
Answer: the opposite gender
Question: What two ancient Roman festivals is Carnival thought to stem from?
Answer: Saturnalia and Bacchanalia
Question: The Saturnalia is potentially based on what Greek festival?
Answer: Dionysia
Question: On which month and day did Saturnalia start?
Answer: December 17
Question: What happened to the men and women chosen to represent the Lord of Misrule?
Answer: horribly murdered
Question: What is insufficient to establish a direct origin from ancient festivals to Carnival?
Answer: evidence
Question: What festival did no complete accounts describing survive?
Answer: Saturnalia
Question: How do both Jesus and King Carnival make a gift to the people?
Answer: with their deaths
Question: What is the gift of King Carnival?
Answer: acknowledgement that death is a necessary part of the cycle of life
Question: Who was forced to race naked through the streets of Rom by Pope Paul II?
Answer: Jews
Question: What city's carnival was the most famous for a long time?
Answer: Venice
Question: What was the first place in North America with a Carnival tradition?
Answer: New France
Question: What were rabbis from the ghettos forced to march through the city streets wearing?
Answer: foolish guise
Question: Who dismissed the petition of the Jewish community to stop the abuse of them?
Answer: Pope Gregory XVI
Question: How many of the inhabited islands is Carnival celebrated on?
Answer: nine
Question: What do groups in Mindelo challenge each other for?
Answer: a yearly prize
Question: Three groups in São Nicolau make use of fire in the construction of what conveyance? 
Answer: a painted float
Question: Over how many days is São Nicolau's Carnival celebrated? 
Answer: three
Question: What is the only state in India in which Carnival is celebrated?
Answer: Goa
Question: What does the Indian word "Intruz" mean?
Answer: swindler
Question: The largest Carnival celebration takes place in which city?
Answer: Panjim
Question: What is eaten on Fat Tuesday to partake in the celebration?
Answer: crepes
Question: What legendary king eventually takes over the state?
Answer: Momo
Question: Whose Carnival is known local as Cwarmê?
Answer: Malmedy
Question: Despite being located in East Belgium, Malmedy's Carnival harks purely to what area?
Answer: Latin
Question: How many days does Malmedy's festival take place before Shrove Tuesday?
Answer: 4
Question: Where can all the traditional costumes be seen parading on the Sunday of the festival?
Answer: in the street
Question: What do disguised people pass through during the festival?
Answer: the crowd
Question: What Carnival takes place on Laetare Sunday?
Answer: the Carnival de la Laetare
Question: What group of participants attack bystanders with confetti and dried pig bladders?
Answer: Blancs-Moussis
Question: What day does the town of Halle engage in its celebration?
Answer: Laetare Sunday
Question: What's the name of Belgium's oldest parade? 
Answer: Carnival Parade of Maaseik
Question: Many towns in what region of Croatia observe the Carnival period?
Answer: Kvarner
Question: What does every Kvarner town burn just before the end of the Carnival?
Answer: a man-like doll
Question: Who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year?
Answer: Jure Piškanac
Question: What does the head regalia of the bell-ringers represent?
Answer: their areas of origin
Question: What is the traditional Carnival food?
Answer: fritule
Question: Under whose rule was Carnival established in the 16th century?
Answer: Venetian
Question: Dionysus was a deity in whose tradition? 
Answer: Greek
Question: In what century did the Carnival become an organized event?
Answer: twentieth
Question: What city almost exclusively celebrates the Carnival?
Answer: Limassol
Question: Who rides through the city on a carriage?
Answer: the "Carnival King
Question: Which of the festivals is comprised of participants who are mainly children?
Answer: The second
Question: What do people walk along the town's longest avenue in?
Answer: costume
Question: Who are the last two parades open for participation by?
Answer: anyone who wishes to participate
Question: Where did the artist federation hold their annual balls?
Answer: in the old Freemasons lodge
Question: Who composed the song "Karneval in Paris"?
Answer: Johan Svendsens
Question: What organization has produced annual masquerade balls in Oslo since 1988?
Answer: Tårnseilerne
Question: When do the processions occur after?
Answer: an opera performance
Question: Which Carnival is held in Germany's west?
Answer: The "Rheinische"
Question: Cologne Carnival is one of the largest Carnivals and also is the most what?
Answer: famous
Question: What is colloquially known as Old Women Day?
Answer: Nürnberg. On Carnival Thursday
Question: Who revolted in 1824?
Answer: washer-women
Question: What are the women who stormy city halls allowed to do to any passing man?
Answer: kiss
Question: What does the Opening of the Triodion derive from?
Answer: the liturgical book used by the church
Question: What is one of the festival season's high points?
Answer: Tsiknopempti
Question: What types of dinners do people enjoy during the season's high point?
Answer: roast beef
Question: What do people engage in after they've disguised themselves?
Answer: pranks and revelry
Question: What are the giant, gaudily painted effigies of phalluses made of?
Answer: papier maché
Question: What are women rewarded with for kissing the giant phalluses?
Answer: a shot of the famous local tsipouro alcohol spirit
Question: What is the ancient celebration for?
Answer: nature's rebirth
Question: In what square do the bands all play at once?
Answer: Ntoltso
Question: Dutch Carnaval is celebrated until which Wednesday?
Answer: Ash
Question: What vary from town to town in regards to the Carnival?
Answer: traditions
Question: What is consumed on Ash Wednesday?
Answer: herring
Question: What is dutch for "Peasant Wedding"?
Answer: boerenbruiloft
Question: How long has the Strumica Carnival been going on?
Answer: since at least 1670
Question: What nationality was Evlija Chelebija?
Answer: Turkish
Question: Who ran from house to house, laughing, screaming, and singing?
Answer: masked people
Question: What day is the main Carnival Night observed on?
Answer: Tuesday
Question: What year was the Festival of Caricatures and Aphorisms added to Strumica's Carnival celebrations?
Answer: 2000
Question: Kurent is monstrous and demon-like, but also what?
Answer: fluffy
Question: Where is the most significant Slovenian festival held?
Answer: Ptuj
Question: Who are magical creatures from another world?
Answer: the Kurents
Question: What do the Kurents try to banish?
Answer: winter
Question: The chirigotas, choirs and comparsas are the most famous of what?
Answer: groups
Question: What do the chirigotas sing about?
Answer: politics, new times and household topics
Question: How long does it take for a chirigota to prepare their costume?
Answer: the whole year
Question: Which group rides around in open carts through the streets?
Answer: The Choirs
Question: Who has the most elaborated polyphony?
Answer: The comparsas
Question: What are raced as part of the festivities? 
Answer: bed
Question: What is Cantalonian for Eternal Prince of Cuckoldry?
Answer: Princep etern de Cornudella
Question: Who has a lovely breast?
Answer: Marquès
Question: Who is upon the bed?
Answer: the Artist of Honor
Question: When may conventional social rules be broken?
Answer: a period of misrule
Question: What is the ritual procession through the town to call everyone to attendance called?
Answer: cercavila
Question: Fat Thursday is also known as what day?
Answer: omelette day
Question: Who is typically burned on a pyre?
Answer: King Carnival
Question: What city's carnival has documented history from 1790?
Answer: Vilanova i la Geltrú
Question: What do the Vilanovins mock the media friendly Carnivals as being about?
Answer: "thighs and feathers"
Question: In what dance do the participants lob more than 75 tons of hard candy at each other?
Answer: Les Comparses
Question: What do dancers lampoon in the ritual heralding the coming of King Carnival?
Answer: current events or public figures
Question: What's the name of the day-long agenda of eating and fighting with meringue?
Answer: Merengada
Question: Who throws insults at the crowd?
Answer: the Xerraire
Question: What behavior scandalizes the town?
Answer: sexual
Question: Who creates sparks and explosions?
Answer: ritual crew of devils
Question: Who is the children's King?
Answer: Caramel
Question: Who carries floral arrangements of penis-like veggies?
Answer: cross-dressing men
Question: Who weeps around the body of the King?
Answer: concubines
Question: What type of eulogy is provided for the King?
Answer: satiric
Question: What ritual suggests symbolic cannibalism?
Answer: communion
Question: What is one of the longest free events in the streets?
Answer: Carnaval de Solsona
Question: How long can the nightly concerts run for?
Answer: more than a week
Question: What was a donkey hung from according to local legend?
Answer: the tower bell
Question: How does the donkey piss on the crowd below?
Answer: water pump
Question: What does "matarrucs" mean?
Answer: donkey killers
Question: Who has one of the most complete ritual agendas?
Answer: Tarragona
Question: What do the events of Tarragona start with?
Answer: building of a huge barrel
Question: On what day does the main parade take place?
Answer: Saturday
Question: What are the clothing of the Carnival groups full of?
Answer: elegance
Question: About how many people are members of the various parade groups?
Answer: 5,000
Question: How long does Aruba's biggest celebration last?
Answer: a month
Question: What type of costumes play a central role in the Queen elections?
Answer: flamboyant
Question: What continues in various districts throughout the month of the Carnival?
Answer: Street parades
Question: When is King Mom symbolically burnt?
Answer: On the evening before Lent
Question: Where did the festival in Barbados originate from?
Answer: sugar cane plantations
Question: What year did Crop Over begin?
Answer: 1688
Question: What activity is done using a greased pole?
Answer: climbing
Question: What is the finale of Crop Over called?
Answer: The Grand Kadooment
Question: Where did Calypso music originate?
Answer: Trinidad
Question: Who perform biting social commentaries?
Answer: musicians
Question: What do the musical groups compete for?
Answer: the Calypso Monarch Award
Question: What is the climax of the festival called?
Answer: Kadooment Day
Question: What's the name of the vehicle where the musicians play?
Answer: a Carrosa
Question: What do devotees follow during a particular religious celebration?
Answer: a given saint or deity
Question: Who are usually included the group comparsa?
Answer: notable men from the community
Question: What is used in some of the festive fights?
Answer: flour
Question: What is the goal of the Carnival painters?
Answer: to paint as many people as you can
Question: What event precipitated the Carnival starting in Haiti?
Answer: declaration of independence
Question: What is the Carnival known as in the Creole language?
Answer: Kanaval
Question: What type of bands play for dancers in the streets?
Answer: kompa
Question: What type of annual competition takes place during Kanavel?
Answer: song
Question: When does  Dirty Mas take place on the Monday before Ash Wednesday?
Answer: before dawn
Question: What do the costumes worn by the revelers pun about?
Answer: current affairs,
Question: What is "Clean Mud"?
Answer: clay
Question: What are "jab-jabs"?
Answer: devils
Question: How are the King and Queen of J'ouvert chosen?
Answer: based on their witty political/social messages
Question: What is usually worn on the feet to compliment the costumes?
Answer: "Mas Boots"
Question: What does each band base their costume presentation on?
Answer: theme
Question: What do the mas bands eventually converge on?
Answer: the Queen's Park Savannah
Question: Who gets to be crowned Road March King or Queen?
Answer: The singer of the most played song
Question: About how many cities and towns in Mexico is Carnival celebrated in?
Answer: 225
Question: What contributes to the variations of the celebrations in the rural areas?
Answer: level of European influence
Question: Where do people take part in mock combat with blank shooting rifles?
Answer: Huejotzingo, Puebla
Question: What is the mock combat roughly based on?
Answer: the Battle of Puebla
Question: Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala and Chiapas are important states which also have their own what?
Answer: local traditions
Question: Where was Mardi Gras first celebrated?
Answer: Gulf Coast area
Question: What originated in the onetime French colonial capitals?
Answer: Customs
Question: What has been part of the celebrations for many years?
Answer: street parades and masked balls
Question: Washington, D.C. and Galveston, Texas are some major American cities which have what?
Answer: celebrations
Question: What American holiday is Carnival celebrated on?
Answer: Labor Day
Question: What country has one of the largest Caribbean Carnivals?
Answer: Trinidad
Question: Over how many people typically attend New York's version of the Carnival?
Answer: one million
Question: What neighborhood as the privilege of bearing the brunt of the festivities?
Answer: Crown Heights
Question: Which Carnival in Argentina is the most representative of the nature of the Carnival?
Answer: Murga
Question: What city in the east of Entre Rios province is considered the most important one for the Carnival?
Answer: Gualeguaychú
Question: What kind of tradition does the city of Corrientes have?
Answer: Carnival
Question: What is Chamame?
Answer: popular musical style.
Question: Where is Carnival celebrated? 
Answer: In all major cities and many towns throughout the country
Question: Which Carnival takes place in Oruro in Bolivia?
Answer: La Diablada
Question: Who is the miners' patron saint?
Answer: Vírgen de Socavon
Question: Over how many parade groups participate in the festivities? 
Answer: 50
Question: How many hours a day does the parade run?
Answer: 18
Question: What does the tropical weather on the east side of Bolivia allow?
Answer: a Brazilian-type Carnival
Question: How much does a Samba costume typically run an average tourist to buy?
Answer: $500–950
Question: What's the name for small, somewhat random groups of people with a definite theme in their samba?
Answer: Blocos
Question: About how many Samba schools are in Rio?
Answer: 30
Question: How much money in US dollars did the Carnival industry make in 2012?
Answer: 1 billion
Question: Where did the Carnival gestate out of the purview of rules?
Answer: in small/unimportant towns
Question: The uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla is now recognized as what?
Answer: one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
Question: How many days does the non-stop festival go?
Answer: six
Question: Who rejected attempts to introduce the Carnival in Bogotá?
Answer: the government
Question: Where are the most famed Carnival festivities?
Answer: Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province
Question: What are the festivities known as in Ambato?
Answer: Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas
Question: Where has a celebration recently gained acclaim?
Answer: Imbabura
Question: What is there a large population of in the Chota Valley?
Answer: afro-Ecuadorian
Question: What music is the Carnival celebrated with in the Chota Valley?
Answer: bomba del chota
Question: Why are Touloulous given free condoms?
Answer: in the interest of the sexual health
Question: What do men have to do to be allowed into the balls?
Answer: pay admittance
Question: What are the touloulous' dance partners not allowed to do?
Answer: refuse
Question: Why do the women drink through a straw? 
Answer: protect their anonymity
Question: Why are the festivals in Peru held when they are?
Answer: because it is the rainy season
Question: When did the festivities acquire their violent tendencies?
Answer: second half of the 20th century
Question: What is an element of Peruvian's Carnival not found in any other country's celebrations?
Answer: sexual assaults on women
Question: How many years in prison can someone expect for being violent during the fun and games?
Answer: eight
Question: How many days does the Carnival in Uruguay last for?
Answer: more than 40
Question: What parade style does Uruguay's festival ape?
Answer: European
Question: What were the stylistic elements of the parade imported with in colonial times?
Answer: slaves
Question: What are the main attractions of the Uruguayan Carnival?
Answer: two colorful parades
Question: What is summoned by the Desfile de Llamadas parade?
Answer: candombe
Question: What do the different Carnival groups perform together?
Answer: opera
Question: What do the topics of the shows put on at the tablados typically relate to?
Answer: the social and political situation
Question: What type of rhythmic figures are performed by the drummers playing the tamboril?
Answer: candombe
Question: What sort of touch do the vedettes provide to the parades?
Answer: sensual
Question: What individuals subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers?
Answer: Baptists
Question: Soul competency (liberty), salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation what examples of what?
Answer: tenets of Baptist churches
Question: What two ministerial offices do Baptists recognize?
Answer: elders and deacons
Question: Baptist churches are widely considered to be what?
Answer: Protestant churches
Question: What individuals subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for non-believers?
Question: What two ministerial offices do Baptists no longer recognize?
Question: Baptist churches are rarely considered to be what?
Question: Which group never visits Protestant churches?
Question: What church includes salvation through faith and reason?
Question: Where was the earliest church labeled "Baptist" traced to?
Answer: Amsterdam
Question: Who was the pastor of the earliest church labeled "Baptist"?
Answer: John Smyth
Question: Who believed Christ's atonement only extended to the elect?
Answer: Particular Baptists
Question: When did Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies?
Answer: 1638
Question: When was the earliest church labeled "Christian" traced to?
Question: Where was the earliest church labeled "Christian" traced to?
Question: Who was the pastor of the earliest church labeled "Christian"?
Question: Who believed Christ's atonement extended to all of life?
Question: When did Roger Williams establish the first Baptist congregation in South America?
Question: Baptist origins were viewed as an outgrowth of what?
Answer: Anabaptist traditions
Question: What does the perpetuity view assume?
Answer: that the Baptist faith and practice has existed since the time of Christ
Question: What does the successionist view assume?
Answer: that Baptist churches actually existed in an unbroken chain since the time of Christ.
Question: Who outlined the three main views of Baptist origins?
Question: Baptist origins were viewed as an extension of what?
Question: What view argues that Baptist churches existed in a broken chain since the time of Christ?
Question: What movement traces its origin to the 16th century via the English Separatists?
Question: Modern Baptist churches trace their history to what movement?
Answer: English Separatist movement
Question: Adherents to this position consider the influence of Anabaptists upon early Baptists to be what?
Answer: minimal
Question: Modern Baptist churches trace their history to the English Separatist movement in the century after the rise of what?
Answer: original Protestant denominations
Question: Modern Christian churches trace their history to what movement?
Question: The view of what origins has little historical support?
Question: Who was never willing to give up their theological roots?
Question: Who was convinced there was no biblical "truth"?
Question: When did the Church of England separate from the Roman Catholic Church?
Answer: During the Protestant Reformation
Question: Who separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation?
Answer: the Church of England
Question: During the Protestant Reformation, the Church of England (Anglicans) separated from who?
Answer: the Roman Catholic Church
Question: Puritans are described by Gourley as what?
Answer: cousins of the English Separatists
Question: Others decided they must leave the Church because of their dissatisfaction and became known as what?
Answer: Separatists
Question: When did the Church of England merge with the Roman Catholic Church?
Question: Who merged with the Roman Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation?
Question: Who was described by Gourley as brothers of the English Separatists?
Question: Which group was never disappointed in the Church of England?
Question: Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to where?
Answer: Amsterdam
Question: Who was the pastor of the earliest Baptist church?
Answer: John Smyth
Question: John Smyth broke his ties with what church?
Answer: Church of England
Question: Where did John Smyth go into exile?
Answer: Amsterdam
Question: Who was the pastor of the earliest Christian church?
Question: Where was the first Christian church with John Smyth as the pastor located?
Question: In what year did Smyth baptize himself for the second time?
Question: Where did John Smyth retire?
Question: Historians trace the oldest Protestant church to where?
Question: Smyth wrote a tract titled what?
Answer: "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church."
Question: What was his first proposition?
Answer: infants are not to be baptized
Question: What was his second proposition?
Answer: Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism
Question: Smyth believed a scriptural church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been what?
Answer: baptized on a personal confession of faith
Question: What is paedobaptism?
Answer: infant baptism
Question: Smyth read a tract titled what?
Question: Who proposed all infants to be baptized?
Question: In what year did Smyth join the chuch with Thomas Helwys?
Question: Which movement think infants should never be baptized?
Question: Smyth applied for membership with who?
Answer: the Mennonites
Question: What is an outgrowth of Smyth's movement?
Answer: The modern Baptist denomination
Question: What name did Baptists reject?
Answer: Anabaptist
Question: Who wrote that Baptists referred to themselves as "the Christians commonly—though falsely—called Anabaptists?"
Answer: McBeth
Question: Who thought their self-baptism was valid?
Question: Smyth was denied membership with who?
Question: What name did Baptist change to?
Question: Who died after becoming a member of the Mennonites?
Question: Who lost their Baptist commitments?
Question: When did John Spilsbury promote the strict practice of immersion?
Answer: 1638
Question: Who promoted strict immersion baptism?
Answer: John Spilsbury
Question: Tom Nettles was a professor at what seminary?
Answer: Southern Baptist Theological Seminary
Question: What was Tom Nettles a professor of?
Answer: historical theology
Question: When did John Spilsbury create the strict practice of immersion?
Question: Who destroyed strict immersion baptism?
Question: Tom Nettles was a student at what seminary?
Question: What was Tom Nettles a student of?
Question: Who was thought to be influenced by continental Anabaptists?
Answer: early seventeenth-century Baptists
Question: Early seventeenth-century Baptists were thought to be influenced by who?
Answer: continental Anabaptists
Question: General Baptists shared similarities with who?
Answer: Dutch Waterlander Mennonites
Question: Who are two representative writers?
Answer: A.C. Underwood and William R. Estep. Gourley
Question: What were the Dutch Waterlander Mennonites?
Answer: one of many Anabaptist groups
Question: Who was thought to be controlled by continental Anabaptists?
Question: Early sixteenth-century Baptists were thought to be influenced by who?
Question: Anabaptists shared similarities with who?
Question: Who did the Dutch Waterlander Mennonites avoid?
Question: What theory lost credibility?
Question: When was the first American Baptist church established?
Answer: 1639
Question: Where did Roger Williams establish a Baptist church?
Answer: Providence, Rhode Island
Question: Where did John Clarke establish a Baptist church?
Answer: Newport, Rhode Island
Question: Clarke was what to Williams?
Answer: his compatriot and coworker for religious freedom
Question: Who founded the earliest Baptist church in South America?
Question: Where did Roger Williams lose a Baptist church?
Question: Where did John Clarke establish an Anabaptist church?
Question: When was the last American Anabaptist church established?
Question: When did missionary work begin in Canada?
Answer: 1760s
Question: What was the first Baptist church in Canada?
Answer: Horton Baptist Church
Question: Where was the first Baptist church located in Canada?
Answer: Wolfville, Nova Scotia
Question: When was the first Canadian Baptist church established?
Answer: 29 October 1778
Question: Missionary work began in what American colony?
Question: When did missionary work begin in America?
Question: What was the first church of any kind in Canada?
Question: Where was the first Anabaptist church located in Canada?
Question: When was the first American Baptist church established?
Question: Why did American Baptist congregations split?
Answer: over slavery and missions
Question: Slaveholders were prevented from being appointed as what?
Answer: missionaries
Question: Who prevented slaveholders from being appointed missionaries?
Answer: Home Mission Society
Question: Northern congregations formed what organization?
Answer: American Baptist Churches USA (ABC-USA)
Question: When did Baptist congregations combine efforts over slavery?
Question: Why did American Baptist congregations work together?
Question: Slaveholders were typically appointed as what?
Question: Who encouraged slaveholders to be appointed missionaries?
Question: Southern congregations formed what organization?
Question: It has been suggested that a primary Baptist principle is that local Baptist Churches are what?
Answer: independent and self-governing
Question: What term is considered somewhat incongrous is a self-governing church?
Answer: Baptist denomination
Question: What is the smallest fellowship without control?
Question: What churches never become autonomous?
Question: What has never been suggested as a primary Baptist principle?
Question: What term is not considered to be incongruous?
Question: Baptists have issued what without considering them to be creeds?
Answer: confessions of faith
Question: Most Baptists are what in doctrine?
Answer: evangelical
Question: Baptists have played a key role in what?
Answer: encouraging religious freedom and separation of church and state.
Question: Which group of Christians are not defined by doctrine?
Question: Baptists have issued what while considering them to be creeds?
Question: Most Baptists exclude what doctrine?
Question: Baptists have played a small role in what?
Question: Beliefs about one God; the virgin birth; miracles; atonement for sins through the death, burial, and bodily resurrection of Jesus are examples of what?
Answer: Shared doctrines
Question: When was the London Baptist Confession of Faith created?
Answer: 1689
Question: When was the Philadelphia Baptist Confession created?
Answer: 1742
Question: When was the New Hampshire Baptist Confession of Faith created?
Answer: 1833
Question: When was the London Baptist Confession of Faith removed?
Question: When was the Philadelphia Baptist Confession removed?
Question: What belief was not shared by doctrines?
Question: Who was seen as the father of God?
Question: Who wrote that some controversies reach a crisis level may actually be "positive and highly productive?"
Answer: Walter Shurden
Question: What did Shurden claim was never ideal, has often produced positive results?
Answer: controversies that have shaped Baptists
Question: What are some controversies that have shaped Baptists?
Answer: "missions crisis", the "slavery crisis", the "landmark crisis", and the "modernist crisis"
Question: "Crisis" comes from a Latin word meaning what?
Question: Who wrote that some controversies reach a crisis level may actually be "negative and least productive?"
Question: Which group has faced many controversies in their 300-year history?
Question: What has never helped shape Baptists?
Question: When did Baptists become embroiled in the controversy over slavery in the United States?
Answer: Leading up to the American Civil War
Question: When did Methodist and Baptist preachers oppose slavery and urge manumission?
Answer: the First Great Awakening
Question: They worked with slaveholders in the South to urge what?
Answer: paternalistic institution
Question: What denomination allowed blacks active roles in the congregation?
Answer: The Baptists
Question: What refused to appoint a slaveholder as a missionary?
Answer: the Home Mission Society
Question: When did Baptists become excluded from the controversy over slavery in the United States?
Question: When did Methodist and Baptist preachers promote slavery and urge manumission?
Question: What was urged by Baptists working with slaveholders in the North?
Question: What denomination disallowed blacks active roles in the congregation?
Question: In what year did Home Mission Society appoint a slaveholder as a missionary?
Question: When did black Baptists began to organize separate churches, associations and mission agencies?
Answer: As early as the late 18th century
Question: Who separated from white congregations and associations after the war?
Answer: freedmen
Question: Who wanted to be free from white submission?
Answer: freedmen
Question: What states setup black conventions?
Answer: Alabama, Arkansas, Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky
Question: What percentage of all African-Americans identify with Baptist denominations?
Answer: 45%
Question: When did black Baptists began to organize combined churches, associations and mission agencies?
Question: Who separated from black congregations and associations after the war?
Question: Who wanted to be free from black supervision?
Question: What states setup white conventions?
Question: What percentage of all Americans identify with Baptist denominations?
Question: Where did Baptist missionaries take an active role in the anti-slavery movement?
Answer: the Caribbean
Question: Who was a prominent British Baptist missionary in Jamaica?
Answer: William Knibb
Question: Where did William Knibb work toward the emancipation of slaves?
Answer: the British West Indies
Question: Knibb also protagonised the creation of what?
Answer: Free Villages
Question: What was named after the slave port of Calabar?
Answer: Jamaica's Calabar High School
Question: Where did Baptist missionaries not take a role in the anti-slavery movement?
Question: Who was a prominent British Baptist missionary in America?
Question: What was the slave port of Calabar named after?
Question: William Knibb protagonised the destruction of what?
Question: When did the Southern Baptist Convention vote to adopt a resolution renouncing its racist roots?
Answer: 20 June 1995
Question: How many Baptists registered for the meeting in Atlanta?
Answer: More than 20,000
Question: SBC delegates are called what?
Answer: messengers
Question: When did the Southern Baptist Convention vote to adopt a resolution announcing its racist roots?
Question: How many Baptists unregistered for the meeting in Atlanta?
Question: SBC delegates are never called what?
Question: Who had not condemned racism in the past?
Question: What sought to reset the ecclesiastical separation which had characterized the old Baptist churches?
Answer: Southern Baptist Landmarkism
Question: Who was an influential Baptist of the 19th century and the primary leader of this movement?
Answer: James Robinson Graves
Question: When did the Southern Baptist International Mission Board forbade its missionaries to receive alien immersions for baptism?
Answer: In 2005
Question: What sought to include the ecclesiastical separation which had characterized the old Baptist churches?
Question: Who was an influential Baptist of the 18th century and the primary leader of this movement?
Question: When did the Southern Baptist International Mission Board encourage its missionaries to receive alien immersions for baptism?
Question: What influence no longer continues to affect convention policies?
Question: What groups were formed by moderate Southern Baptists?
Answer: the Alliance of Baptists in 1987 and the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship in 1991
Question: When was the Alliance of Baptists formed?
Answer: 1987
Question: When was the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship formed?
Answer: 1991
Question: Conservative theology was the official position of what?
Answer: Southern Baptist Convention
Question: The Southern Baptist Convention never adhered to what as its official position?
Question: When did the Alliance of Baptists end?
Question: When was the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship destroyed?
Question: Conservative theology was never the official position of what?
Question: Which Baptist group embraced modernism?
Question: What does child labour deprive children of?
Answer: deprives children of their childhood
Question: Are child artists an exception to the laws with regards to child labour?
Answer: exceptions include work by child artists
Question: Is work done by Amish children an exception?
Answer: work such as those by Amish children
Question: Where is there legislation that prohibits child labour?
Answer: Legislation across the world
Question: Is all work done by children considered to be child labour?
Answer: These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour
Question: What year did sub-saharan Africa have the highest rates of child labour?
Answer: 2010
Question: What is the largest employer of child labour?
Answer: agriculture
Question: Who are children predominantly employed by?
Answer: their parents
Question: Lack of school and this are the primary causes of child labour
Answer: Poverty
Question: Was there a great need for childhood education in a pre-industrial society?
Answer: little need for children to attend school
Question: Who taught the skills needed for the children to work?
Answer: competent adults
Question: Were peopel in pre-industrial societies considered to have long or short lifespans?
Answer: short life expectancy
Question: Mid-18th century London had how many domestic servants?
Answer: over 120,000
Question: What was the youngest age of a child working in a factory?
Answer: four
Question: How many hours did builders work in the winter?
Answer: 52
Question: Were children able to take on apprenticeships?
Answer: Some children undertook work as apprentices to respectable trades
Question: How many water-powered cotton mills used child labour in 1788 England and Scotland?
Answer: 143
Question: Was it a low amount or high amount of children that also worked in prostitution? 
Answer: high number
Question: Where was Charles Dickens employed as a child?
Answer: blacking factory
Question: During the Industrial Revolution what was the main driving force behind child labour?
Answer: economic hardship
Question: During the 19th century was there any advocates for the working children?
Answer: Lord Shaftesbury
Question: In 1833 at what age was the limit to working in a textile industry factory?
Answer: children under the age of nine
Question: What year were both adults and children only able to work 10 hours a day?
Answer: 1847
Question: In the 19th century was there an increase or decreased need to child labour?
Answer: child labour began to decline
Question: What year did Britain first inact legislation with regards to child labour?
Answer: 1803
Question: When were young boys employed in the glass making industries?
Answer: early 20th century
Question: Under glass making conditions were the children exposed to any heating elements?
Answer: they are exposed to this heat
Question: Were the boys in glass making industry paid by the hour?
Answer: paid by the piece
Question: Did the glass industry have a preference for older working boys?
Answer: factory owners preferred boys under 16 years of age
Question: What year were over 2 million children employed in the US?
Answer: 1910
Question: What did children roll in a factory?
Answer: cigarettes
Question: What did child do in textile mills in the US?
Answer: bobbin doffers
Question: Why would families perfer labour done at the home as opposed to the factory?
Answer: because it allowed them to generate income while taking care of household duties.
Question: Early 20th century states began to have a responsiblity to take care of whom?
Answer: poor
Question: Children were employed in the home, factories and were else in the 20th century?
Answer: mines
Question: Who did the children work beside?
Answer: parents
Question: Where were rural children employed?
Answer: agriculture
Question: What were the working conditions described as for the children employed at home?
Answer: unhealthy and insanitary
Question: In 1946 who was the Director of the United States Department of Labour?
Answer: Frieda Miller
Question: Does child labour exist in the 21st century?
Answer: Child labour is still common
Question: Where does child labour currently occur the most?
Answer: rural areas
Question: How many children in today's world work beside their parents?
Answer: Two out of three child
Question: Some child work as guides for whom?
Answer: tourists
Question: In Asia how many millions of children are employed?
Answer: 114
Question: Right now what percentage of children are employed in the US?
Answer: 1%
Question: Caribean and where else is there a low population of child workers?
Answer: Latin America
Question: When did the U.S. produce a list of goods primarily made by child labour in China?
Answer: 2014
Question: What is the cause of diagreements in child labour numbers for present day?
Answer: data sources
Question: Chinese children have been known to make electronics, toys and what else?
Answer: garments
Question: According to the Maplecroft Child Labour Index how many countries post risks for child labour?
Answer: 76
Question: What country is the second on the list for child labour in accordance to the Maplecroft Child Labour Index?
Answer: North Korea
Question: What was the Phillipines ranked as?
Answer: 25th
Question: Was Brazil on the list?
Answer: Brazil 54th
Question: What is the main reason for children today to be in the work force?
Answer: nothing better to do
Question: Do the poor families put a value on education?
Answer: parents wonder if going to school is really worth it.
Question: What community has the most prevalency for child labour?
Answer: rural areas
Question: Throughout European history was child labour seen as a positive?
Answer: Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children
Question: Are boys or girls more likely in some cultures to be thrown into child labour?
Answer: girls
Question: For working parents what is the value of having their children work by their side?
Answer: learn and practice that trade from a very early age