huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: Besides customer problems, what other area is Comcast often criticized over?
Answer: employee relations
Question: What online media outlet ran an investigative series on Comcast in 2014?
Answer: The Verge
Question: How many Comcast employees were interviewed for that investigative report?
Answer: 150
Question: What online publication ran a feature from a Comcast employee in 2014 that received attention?
Answer: Cracked
Question: What was this 2014 article anonymously penned by a Comcast Employee called?
Answer: "Five Nightmares You Live While Working For America's Worst Company,"
Question: What did the Huffington post in 2014?
Question: What social media platform interviewed Comcast employees?
Question: What was the name of The Verge's investigative series?
Question: How many publications picked up the 2012 Reddit post?
Question: What has Comcast replaced its obsession with sales with?
Question: A 2004 labor dispute in what city highlighted Comcast's anti-labor stance?
Answer: Beaverton, Oregon
Question: What was one anti-union thing that workers in Beaverton were required to do?
Answer: attend anti-union meetings
Question: What creative union aired grievances against Comcast in 2011?
Answer: Writers Guild of America
Question: In what internal publication was Comcast's union stance formally enumerated?
Answer: one of the company's training manuals
Question: Where are the offices for the Writers Guild of America?
Question: What does the initialism CWA stand for?
Question: What does Comcast believe is best for its employees?
Question: What type of meetings did the Writers Guild of America protest?
Question: What company represented Comcast's policies in 2004?
Question: What magazine listed Comcast as one of its top places to work?
Answer: CableFAX
Question: What is Comcast's affiliated entity in Philadelphia?
Answer: Comcast-Spectacor
Question: What newspaper named Comcast it's top place to work?
Answer: The Boston Globe
Question: In what year did this newspaper confer this honor on Comcast?
Answer: 2009
Question: On what aspect did Black Enterprise Magazine name Comcast a top 15 employer?
Answer: workforce diversity
Question: What magazine was determined as one of the best places to work in 2009?
Question: What company lacks employee diversity?
Question: What newspaper was deemed the best place to work?
Question: What is CableFAX known for?
Question: The Washington Post mentioned the Comcast organization in which city?
Question: What was Comcast's share value in 1999?
Answer: $8.19
Question: What was Comcast's share value in 2009?
Answer: $15
Question: Comcast's revenues in 2009 were how much?
Answer: $36 billion
Question: What was Comcast's profit margin in 2009?
Answer: 8.4%
Question: What caused a 2012 spike in Comcast profits?
Answer: increase in high-speed internet customers
Question: What were shares worth in 2012?
Question: Where were the Olympics in 2012?
Question: How much revenue (in billions) did Comcast generate due to high-speed internet customers?
Question: What percentage of new customers did Comcast increase by in 2012?
Question: What sports event caused revenues to double from 1999 to 2009?
Question: What was Comcast's lobbying budget in 2013?
Answer: $18.8 million
Question: Where did this lobbying budget place the company among all entities in the country?
Answer: seventh largest
Question: What is the name of the industry association that represents all cable companies in Washington?
Answer: The National Cable & Telecommunications Association
Question: What is the name of Comcast's affiliated political action committee?
Answer: Comcast Corporation and NBCUniversal Political Action Committee
Question: How much did this PAC raise for candidates in US elections from 2011 through 2012?
Answer: $3.7 million
Question: What is the seventh largest lobbying company in the world?
Question: Who is the vice president of the National Cable & Telecommunications Association?
Question: How much did Comcast spend on lobbying efforts in 2012?
Question: Why is Barack Obama no longer a registered lobbyist?
Question: What bills has Comcast opposed?
Question: Who were Roberts' business partners in this purchase?
Answer: Daniel Aaron and Julian A. Brodsky
Question: What company did this partnership purchase?
Answer: American Cable Systems
Question: What city did American Cable Systems do business in?
Answer: Tupelo, Mississippi
Question: How many customers did ACS have when Roberts and his partners purchased it?
Answer: 12,000
Question: How much was Jerrold Electronics?
Question: Which two partners owned Jerrold Electronics?
Question: How many customers did Storecast Corporation of America have in 1963?
Question: What did Ralph J. Roberts sell in 1963?
Question: American Cable Systems was the parent company of what spin-off?
Question: How many paying customers did Comcast have in 1994?
Answer: 3.5 million
Question: Comcast's customer base in 1994 was good enough for what national ranking among its competition?
Answer: third largest
Question: What sports network was Comcast a founding investor of?
Answer: The Golf Channel
Question: In what year did Comcast take over a majority interest in QVC?
Answer: 1994
Question: What company did Comcast sell its interest in QVC to in 2004?
Answer: Liberty Media
Question: How many additional subscribers did Comcast receive by merging with Maclean-Hunter?
Question: How much was the Comcast UK branch purchased for?
Question: What percentage of CBS did Comcast own?
Question: When did Comcast buy Liberty Media?
Question: How much did Comcast sell the Golf Channel for in 2004?
Question: What was Comcast's telecommunication business prior to 1999?
Answer: Comcast Cellular
Question: What company did Comcast sell their telecommunications company to?
Answer: SBC Communications
Question: How much was ComCast Cellular sold for in 1999?
Answer: $400 million
Question: What internet commerce company did Comcast invest in?
Answer: VeriSign
Question: MediaOne merged with what telecommunications company?
Answer: AT&T Corporation
Question: How much did Comcast pay to purchase Greater Philadelphia Cablvision?
Question: What company turned down AT&T's offer?
Question: What month did VeriSign start?
Question: How much debt did SBC Communications have?
Question: Who sold Comcast Cellular to Comcast?
Question: When did Comcast acquire the cable assets of AT&T Broadband?
Answer: 2001
Question: What did Comcast pay for this subsidiary?
Answer: $44.5 billion
Question: What was the original name of AT&T Broadband and Comcast going to be?
Answer: AT&T Comcast
Question: When Comcast purchased AT&T Broadband, how many customers did they service?
Answer: 22 million
Question: Comcast's advertising and commercial production branch was called what?
Answer: Comcast Spotlight
Question: How many customers did AT&T Broadband bring to Comcast?
Question: What was Comcast Spotlight renamed as?
Question: What year was Comcast Advertising Sales renamed?
Question: What city is Comcast Spotlight located in?
Question: How much did AT&T purchase Comcast for?
Question: What media conglomerate did Comcast try to buy in 2004?
Answer: The Walt Disney Company
Question: How much money did Comcast offer for this company?
Answer: $54 billion
Question: What month in 2004 did Comcast drop it's bid for this company?
Answer: April
Question: Comcast dropped their bid to focus on acquiring what sports network?
Answer: ESPN
Question: Besides offering money, what else did Comcast include in their proposal to buy Disney?
Answer: taking on $12 billion of Disney's debt
Question: How much debt did Comcast have in 2004?
Question: What percent of ESPN does Comcast own?
Question: What is the most important asset ESPN owns?
Question: How much did Comcast bid for ESPN?
Question: During what month did Disney accept Comcast's bid?
Question: Comcast joined with what media company to acquire a movie studio in 2005?
Answer: Sony Pictures Entertainment
Question: What movie studios did Comcast and their partner buy?
Answer: MGM and its affiliate studio, United Artists
Question: What Pennsylvania cable provider did Comcast buy controlling interest in during 2005?
Answer: Susquehanna Communications
Question: When did Comcast formally announce its purchase of this cable provider?
Answer: October 31, 2005
Question: How much did Comcast pay for this cable tv provider?
Answer: $775 million cash
Question: What did Comcast and MGM buy in 2005?
Question: Where is MGM located?
Question: How much did Comcast purchase MGM for?
Question: How much of Lenfest did Comcast own?
Question: How many internet customers did the partnership with Sony Pictures garner Comcast?
Question: What was the name of the interface front-end introduced by Comcast in 2007?
Answer: a dashboard called SmartZone
Question: What company designed this interface?
Answer: Hewlett-Packard
Question: Smartzone used what company's antivirus protection?
Answer: Trend Micro
Question: The contacts and address book for Smartzone was called what?
Answer: Comcast Plaxo software
Question: When was Smartzone rolled out to customers?
Answer: September 2008
Question: When did Comcast team up with Hewlett-Packard?
Question: When did Comcast launch Zimbra?
Question: What did Zimbra allow users to do with their contacts?
Question: What is SmartZone's email called?
Question: What was the name of the Hewlett-Packard antivirus software?
Question: What bankrupt company did Comcast partner with another broadband provider to acquire in 2005?
Answer: Adelphia Cable
Question: Who was Comcast's partner in the deal for Adelphia?
Answer: Time Warner Cable
Question: What was the price to take over Adelphia?
Answer: $17.6 billion
Question: What government organization investigated details of this acquisition?
Answer: the U.S. Federal Communications Commission
Question: When was this deal finalized?
Answer: second quarter of 2006
Question: How long did it take for Adelphia Cable to go bankrupt?
Question: Who partnered with Comcast to buy out Time Warner?
Question: How much did the FCC charge Comcast and Time Warner for the investigation?
Question: When did the FCC object to the deal?
Question: When did Comcast bankrupt?
Question: What media conglomerate did Comcast begin preliminary talks to buy in 2009?
Answer: NBCUniversal
Question: What was NBC's parent company in 2009?
Answer: General Electric
Question: What ownership stake did Ccomcast get in this deal?
Answer: 51%
Question: What company was forced to sell its interest in NBCUniversal as part of the purchase deal?
Answer: Vivendi
Question: What other cable company was reputed to have an interest in NBCUniversal?
Answer: Time Warner
Question: When did CNBC announce Comcast had bought NBCUniversal?
Question: How much of NBCUniversal did CNBC announce Time Warner would own?
Question: How much stock was Vivendi forced to buy?
Question: Who is the CEO of Comcast?
Question: Who reported that Time Warner was placing a bid in November 2009?
Question: On what date was Comcast's purchase of controlling interest in NBCUniversal reported?
Answer: December 3, 2009
Question: What did Comcast pay for their stake in NBC?
Answer: $6.5 billion in cash and $7.3 billion in programming
Question: How did the FCC vote approval of the Comcast-NBC deal?
Answer: 4 to 1
Question: On what date was the sale finally completed?
Answer: January 28, 2011
Question: On what date did Comcast buy out the remaining stake of General Electric in NBC?
Answer: March 19, 2013
Question: How much did Comcast pay to Vivendi?
Question: The FCC denied the deal by what vote?
Question: What did GE add to their logo in December?
Question: When did GE announce it planned to buy out Comcast's interest?
Question: How much did Comcast pay for the remaining 49%?
Question: What publication originally reported a potential deal between Comcast and Time Warner?
Answer: the Los Angeles Times
Question: What was the value of the deal reported to be at the time?
Answer: $45.2 billion
Question: When did Comcast hope to complete its deal for Time Warner?
Answer: by the end of 2014
Question: How much was Time Warner going to pay Comcast?
Question: Who reported Time Warner had agreed to the deal?
Question: What metropolitan areas did Comcast give Time Warner?
Question: What was Time Warner Cable attempting to buy?
Question: When do Time Warner and Comcast plan to begin the merger?
Question: Who was the head of the FCC at the time of Comcast's proposed purchase of Time Warner Cable?
Answer: Tom Wheeler
Question: What two organizations had Wheeler headed prior to joining the FCC?
Answer: National Cable & Telecommunications Association, and as largest wireless lobby, CTIA – The Wireless Association
Question: What Senate group held hearings on the purchase?
Answer: US Senate Judiciary Committee
Question: What group sought to investigate the purchase on anti-trust grounds?
Answer: United States Department of Justice Antitrust Division
Question: Who was the general counsel of the FCC in 2015?
Answer: Jonathan Sallet
Question: Who is the current head of the National Cable and Telecommunications Association?
Question: When was Tom Wheeler the head of the CTIA?
Question: What day did the House Judiciary Committee have its hearing?
Question: Who is the head of Politico?
Question: Who is the chairman of the House Judiciary Committee?
Question: Disney and Comcast joined forces to allow Comcast to air what sports networks?
Answer: ESPNU and ESPN3
Question: What network was proposed by Comcast and the US Olympic Committee?
Answer: The U.S. Olympic Network
Question: What happened to the U.S. Olympic Network?
Answer: The U.S. Olympic Committee and Comcast have ended the plans
Question: Which ESPN channels are unavailable for Comcast?
Question: When did the Olympic Committee and Comcast officially launch their combined network?
Question: What city is the US Olympic Committee located?
Question: What did Comcast put on hold?
Question: When did Comcast and Disney reach an agreement?
Question: What is the name of Comcast's channel available to subscribers in east coast markets?
Answer: Comcast Network
Question: What is the name of Comcast's subscriber channel in Colorado?
Answer: Comcast Entertainment Television
Question: In what year did Comcast Entertainment take over operation of Colorado's Emergency Alert System?
Answer: 2006
Question: What New York area sports channel did Comcast help found in 2006
Answer: SportsNet New York
Question: What baseball team was Comcast's partner in their New York sports network?
Answer: New York Mets
Question: When did the channel become available in New York, Pittsburgh, and Richmond?
Question: When did Comcast partner with Altitude Sports & Entertainment?
Question: What is the name of the Emergency Alert System in Philadelphia?
Question: What did Comcast and the Mets creat in 2004?
Question: What is the name of Time Warner Cable's variety network?
Question: Who was the founder of Philadelphia sports corporation Spectator?
Answer: Ed Snider
Question: Comcast's purchase of Spectator gave them what sports teams in Philadelphia?
Answer: the Philadelphia Flyers NHL hockey team, the Philadelphia 76ers National Basketball Association basketball team
Question: What was the original name of NBCSN?
Answer: Outdoor Life Network
Question: What was the second name NBCSN was known as?
Answer: Versus
Question: Comcast bought naming rights for what college's basketball arena?
Answer: the University of Maryland
Question: Who founded the Philadelphia Flyers?
Question: What did Spectacor buy from Comcast?
Question: What was the original name of the Golf Channel?
Question: How much did Comcast pay Spectacor for the controlling stake?
Question: What did Comcast rename the Philadelphia 76ers basketball arena in 2014?
Question: What organization rated Comcast's customer service the worst in the country in 2004 and 2007?
Answer: American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI)
Question: Comcast's customer service was rated worse than what government organization?
Answer: the Internal Revenue Service
Question: When did the ACSI begin doing customer satisfaction surveys?
Answer: 2001
Question: When Comcast's customer service rating fell 7%, what happened to its revenues?
Answer: increased by 12%
Question: What prime factor did the ACSI use to explain this anomaly?
Answer: most cable companies have little competition at the local level
Question: Who listed the IRS as the company with the worst customer service rating?
Question: What is the only industry to score above a 60?
Question: How much did customer satisfaction increase by?
Question: What company was given the worst customer satisfaction rating in 2001?
Question: What has happened to the revenue of the Internal Revenue Service?
Question: What organization gave Comcast an "F" rating in 2010?
Answer: Corporate Library
Question: In issuing the grade, the Corporate Library found that a third of Comcast's board was how old?
Answer: over 70 years of age
Question: How much did Comcast pay for flights of its company jet in 2010?
Answer: $40 million
Question: What conflict did Corporate Library note with Comcast's Board?
Answer: several of the directors either worked for the company or had business ties to it
Question: Who is the CEO of the Wall Street Journal?
Question: What rating was the Corporate Library given?
Question: How much was the cost of the NBCU acquisition?
Question: What is the average age of Comcast's board of directors?
Question: What company did Comcast give an F to?
Question: What name was listed on Comcast customer Ricardo Brown's invoice in January, 2015?
Answer: "Asshole Brown"
Question: What consumer advocate took over the Brown's case?
Answer: Christopher Elliott
Question: What was the amount of disputed money that Comcast eventually returned to the Browns?
Answer: $60
Question: Comcast eventually refunded how much service time to the Browns?
Answer: two years
Question: Comcast also told the Browns they would do what to correct the situation with the name change?
Answer: promise to track down and fire the responsible employee
Question: What was the name of the Comcast employee that changed Ricardo's name?
Question: When did Comcast rectify the situation?
Question: How much did the Browns pay Elliott?
Question: What did Lisa post on her blog?
Question: How many years did it take Comcast to rectify the situation?
Question: What primary body part is affected by tuberculosis?
Answer: lungs
Question: Roughly, what percentage of latent tuberculosis infections result in active tuberculosis?
Answer: 10%
Question: What name has been used to refer to tuberculosis because of associated weight loss?
Answer: consumption
Question: Along with cough, weight loss, and night sweats, what's the fourth classic symptom of the disease?
Answer: fever
Question: What disease is caused by TB?
Question: What percentage of infections do not have symptoms?
Question: What was consumption originally called?
Question: What is an infection with symptoms called?
Question: What percentage of patients with latent TB die?
Question: How much of the entire population of the planet is estimated to be carrying tuberculosis?
Answer: One-third
Question: How many cases of tuberculosis were active over the course of 2014?
Answer: 9.6 million
Question: In 2014, how many people died from TB?
Answer: 1.5 million
Question: Does the majority of fatalities from TB occur in developing countries or industrialized nations?
Answer: developing countries
Question: Has TB infection increased or decreased worldwide since the start of the 21st century?
Answer: decreased
Question: What percentage of deaths worldwide died from TB in 2014?
Question: How many people died from TB in 2000?
Question: How many new cases of TB occurred in 2014?
Question: When did deaths begin increasing?
Question: Which Asian country has an 80% infection rate?
Question: Which lobes of the lungs are more often affected by TB?
Answer: upper lung lobes
Question: What symptom will result if TB infection causes a Rasmussen's aneurysm?
Answer: massive bleeding
Question: What percentage of tuberculosis infections don't ever manifest in symptoms of the disease?
Answer: 25%
Question: If TB becomes chronic, what lasting effect might it have on the lung's upper lobes?
Answer: scarring
Question: Approximately what percentage of active TB cases affect the lungs?
Answer: 90%
Question: What percentage of cases include chest pain?
Question: What is it called when people have symptoms?
Question: What percentage of cases erode into the pulmonary artery?
Question: What kind of aneurysm does chest pain in TB patients sometimes result in?
Question: What are lower lobes in the lungs often more affected by?
Question: What's the medical term for TB when it spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body?
Answer: extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Question: At least what percentage of HIV-positive patients who contract TB will experience extrapulmonary infection?
Answer: 50%
Question: Along with people with diminished immune function, like HIV patients, what group of people is more likely to develop extrapulmonary TB?
Answer: young children
Question: If TB infection spreads to the central nervous system, what is it called?
Answer: tuberculous meningitis
Question: What's the other name for "disseminated tuberculosis"?
Answer: miliary tuberculosis
Question: What percentage of young children get Extrapulmonary TB?
Question: What does a tuberculous ulcer result in?
Question: What does disseminated tuberculosis look like?
Question: What is another name for osseous tuberculosis?
Question: What percentage of HIV positive cases also get Military TB?
Question: The uniqueness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is due to its high level of what type of molecule?
Answer: lipid
Question: Is the division rate of the TB bacterium fast or slow relative to other bacteria?
Answer: slow
Question: In nature, what "helper" does the MTB bacterium require to grow?
Answer: a host organism
Question: How long is the period between division of MTB cells?
Answer: 16 to 20 hours
Question: How much time does it take most bacteria to divide?
Answer: less than an hour
Question: What is the main cause of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Question: How long can a Gram stain last?
Question: What grows outside of the cells of a host organism?
Question: How often do lipids divide?
Question: What divides faster than other bacteria?
Question: One of the two standard acid-fast staining techniques is the Kinyoun stain; what's the other?
Answer: Ziehl–Neelsen stain
Question: What color will acid-fast bacilli become when stained?
Answer: bright red
Question: What's the term for bacillus that can be exposed to acidic solutions without losing their stains?
Answer: acid-fast
Question: If a scientist didn't want to use an acid-fast staining technique, what type of microscopy could they use instead?
Answer: fluorescence
Question: What is another name for an expectorated sample?
Question: What removes all stains from MTB?
Question: What is another name for the Kinyoun stain?
Question: What become blue when stained?
Question: What color is Auramine-rhodamine staining?
Question: Which mycobacterium that causes TB can often be found in unpasteurized milk?
Answer: M. bovis
Question: Which one of the tuberculosis mycobacteria is associated with the Horn of Africa?
Answer: M. canetti
Question: Which of the four TB-causing bacteria do scientists think might be more common than we know?
Answer: M. microti
Question: What bacterium has the name of the country it affects most in its name?
Answer: M. africanum
Question: How many M. tuberculosis complexes are there?
Question: Which parts of Africa is M. africanum most common in?
Question: African emigrants are not likely to get what disease in the Horn of Africa?
Question: What form of tuberculosis has pasteurized milk caused?
Question: Which bacterium has likely been overestimated?
Question: If you're around someone with active TB, what's the chance you'll contract it expressed as a percentage?
Answer: 22%
Question: Left untreated, about how many people could contract tuberculosis from an active TB patient in a year?
Answer: 10–15
Question: About how long will a TB patient receiving effective treatment stay contagious?
Answer: two weeks
Question: If you contracted tuberculosis today, what's the estimated gestation period before you could spread the infection to others?
Answer: three to four weeks
Question: What term is interchangeable with "active" when talking about tuberculosis infection?
Answer: overt
Question: What is the infection rate for people not in close contact with TB?
Question: How many people does a person whose TB is being treated infect per year?
Question: Which type of TB is more infectious than active TB?
Question: Uninfected people are treated with what regimens?
Question: How long is someone contagious if they are recently infected?
Question: What specific part of the lungs marks the start of tuberculosis infection?
Answer: pulmonary alveoli
Question: What's the process by which macrophages try to get rid of the TB bacterium?
Answer: phagocytosis
Question: What do you get when you combine a lysosome and a phagosome?
Answer: a phagolysosome
Question: What does the M. tuberculosis bacterium have that protects it from being affected by toxins?
Answer: mycolic acid capsule
Question: What vesicle is the temporary holding room for the M. tuberculosis bacterium during phagocytosis?
Answer: phagosome
Question: What replicates inside the pulmonary alveoli?
Question: What begins when the endosomes reach the pulmonary alveoli?
Question: What do the bacterium identify?
Question: What envelopes the macrophage?
Question: What does the combination of a lysosome and a phagolysosome create?
Question: What two-word phrase is used for the main part of the lungs infected by TB?
Answer: Ghon focus
Question: If the lungs are infected by TB via bloodstream, what's the type of focus?
Answer: Simon focus
Question: In what general area of the lungs is SImon focus usually located?
Answer: the top
Question: What is the term that describes a blood-borne infection, like TB when it travels through the blood to the kidneys or brain?
Answer: hematogenous
Question: Four areas of the body are usually safe from TB infection, including skeletal muscles, heart, and thyroid; what's the fourth?
Answer: pancreas
Question: What is the section of lung not affected by TB called?
Question: What is another name for Ghon focus?
Question: What is type of transmission is found in the lungs?
Question: Where are the peripheral lymph nodes?
Question: What disease often affects the heart, skeletal muscles, pancreas, or thyroid?
Question: What type of cells gather around infected macrophages in a person infected with TB?
Answer: lymphocytes
Question: What type of cell forms when macrophages clump together trying to kill off the TB infection?
Answer: multinucleated
Question: What's the technical term for abnormal cell death?
Answer: necrosis
Question: What natural defensive response is hindered by cells in granulomas that can't send antigen to lymphocytes?
Answer: immune response
Question: What surrounds the lymphocytes?
Question: What do infected macrophages form?
Question: What is used by bacteria to destroy the host's immune system?
Question: Which cells serve as antigen to lymphocytes?
Question: What is the texture of cheese called?
Question: What material can sometimes be expelled by coughing if the cavities it's stored in connect to bronchi?
Answer: caseous necrotic material
Question: What type of bacteria-attacking medicine will treat tuberculosis?
Answer: antibiotics
Question: Are the bacteria in caseous necrotic material living or dead?
Answer: living
Question: What replaces scarring?
Question: What is affected tissue filled with?
Question: What do cavities join with in the waning period?
Question: What medicine treats scar tissue?
Question: What joins with air passages to prevent material from being coughed up?
Question: Is active TB difficult or easy to diagnose by patients' symptoms alone?
Answer: difficult
Question: If a patient has some symptoms associated with TB, after what time period should tuberculosis be diagnostically considered?
Answer: two weeks
Question: What part of the body would be X-rayed to check for TB?
Answer: chest
Question: What sign of TB infection would a lab be looking for in a sputum culture?
Answer: acid-fast bacilli
Question: Along with interferon-y release essays, what other tests aren't useful in TB diagnosis in developing countries?
Answer: tuberculin skin tests
Question: What is usually diagnosed using just signs and symptoms?
Question: How long do symptoms in someone who is immunosuppressed last?
Question: What kind of cultures test for HIV?
Question: What kind of tests are common in developing countries?
Question: What type of bacilli do interferon-y release assays look for?
Question: What result might someone who has received a TB vaccination get from the Mantoux test?
Answer: false-positive
Question: What does "IGRAs" stand for?
Answer: Interferon gamma release assays
Question: In combination with skin tests, are IGRAs associated with an increase or decrease in sensitivity?
Answer: increase
Question: Which test has fewer false positives: IGRAs or the Mantoux skin test?
Answer: IGRAs
Question: What liquid would you need from a patient to perform IGRAs?
Answer: blood
Question: What is used to test for sarcoidosis?
Question: What incorrect result may someone who has not gotten the TB vaccination get?
Question: What environmental substance are IGRAs affected by?
Question: What has more false-positives than the Mantoux tuberculin test?
Question: What percentage of kids in the whole world get the BCG vaccine?
Answer: 90%
Question: Is TB common or uncommon in the United States?
Answer: uncommon
Question: In addition to the U.S. and Canada, what European country sees very few tuberculosis infections?
Answer: the United Kingdom
Question: What segment of the population gets the TB vaccine in countries like Canada with a very low incidence of infection?
Answer: high risk
Question: What percentage of children have TB?
Question: What disease is common in the UK?
Question: How long do you have to wait to get the TB vaccine?
Question: What is not given to high risk people?
Question: Which three countries have a high risk of tuberculosis?
Question: What group heads up the Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis?
Answer: Stop TB Partnership
Question: In what year did the WHO say tuberculosis was a "global health emergency"?
Answer: 1993
Question: How many lives did the Stop TB Partnership vow to save in the nine years between its start and 2015?
Answer: 14 million
Question: Drug-resistant TB is one of the barriers to success of the Stop TB Partnership's initiative; what's the other other?
Answer: HIV-associated tuberculosis
Question: What organization created a system to classify various types of TB?
Answer: American Thoracic Society
Question: What did the World Health Organization create in 2006?
Question: How many lives has Stop TB Partnership saved?
Question: When was the World Health Organization founded?
Question: Who developed the classification of HIV-associated TB?
Question: When was the tuberculosis classification system created?
Question: What part of the mycobacterial cell makes tuberculosis more difficult to treat?
Answer: wall
Question: Isoniazid is one of the two most popular drugs for TB treatment; what's the other one?
Answer: rifampicin
Question: What complication does the use of combinations of antibiotics for active TB prevent?
Answer: antibiotic resistance
Question: What's the three-word name for the method where a health care worker watches their patient take their medication?
Answer: Directly observed therapy
Question: What organization recommends directly observed therapy to make sure people take their antibiotics correctly?
Answer: WHO
Question: What is used to kill antibiotics?
Question: The chemical composition of what wall makes TB easy to treat?
Question: Which two drugs are used simultaneously to treat latent TB?
Question: How long are antibiotics ineffective?
Question: What health care provider watches the person take their medications?
Question: If a person has TB that's resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid, which type of the disease do they have?
Answer: MDR-TB
Question: What's the minimum number of second-line medication classes your TB would have to resist to make it count as "extensively drug-resistant"?
Answer: three
Question: In what country was the first case of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis?
Answer: Italy
Question: What's the only antibiotic that might be effective against totally drug-resistant TB?
Answer: Bedaquiline
Question: Cases of totally drug-resistant TB have been found in what country in addition to Italy and India?
Answer: Iran
Question: Someone who is not susceptible to MTP develops what?
Question: What is low-quality medication an example of a lack of?
Question: What was first reported in Iran?
Question: When was MDR-TB first observed?
Question: Where was bedaquiline created?
Question: As immunosuppression goes up in tuberculosis cases, what risk rises with it? 
Answer: reactivation
Question: What disease has a similar relationship as TB does between reactivation and immunosuppression?
Answer: HIV
Question: If you'd been diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1995, how great a chance would you have faced of dying from it?
Answer: 8%
Question: In what year did the risk of dying from TB reach half what it was in 1995?
Answer: 2008
Question: New studies have found that half of reactivation cases of tuberculosis might actually be due to what other "re-" word?
Answer: reinfection
Question: Reactivation is caused by what disease?
Question: What is the risk of reactivation in someone who only has M. tuberculosis?
Question: What was the chance of death from HIV in 2008?
Question: When did scientists begin to suspect reinfection was worse than previously thought?
Question: What methods have recent studies used to examine HIV strains?
Question: At any given time, about how much of all the people in the world has M. tuberculosis?
Answer: one-third
Question: Approximately how many active TB cases were there in 2012?
Answer: 8.6 million
Question: How many patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2010?
Answer: 8.8 million
Question: About how many people died in 2010 carrying both HIV and TB?
Answer: 0.35 million
Question: What percentage of the world's total population gets infected with tuberculosis every year?
Answer: 1%
Question: How many people died from TB in 2012?
Question: What percentage of TB deaths result in death?
Question: How many people died in developing countries from TB?
Question: What percentage of the population is infected by HIV each year?
Question: How many chronic cases of TB were there total in 2012?
Question: When did new cases of TB infection start going down?
Answer: 2002
Question: What country has had the most success reducing the TB mortality rate?
Answer: China
Question: In what decade did some strains of drug-resistant TB start showing up?
Answer: 1980s
Question: How much did China reduce its rate of death from TB in the 20 years leading up to 2010?
Answer: 80%
Question: What infections disease causes more deaths than HIV?
Question: How much has the US reduced its TB mortality rate by?
Question: What country has reduced its HIV mortality rate the most?
Question: When did HIV-associated tuberculosis become more common?
Question: Which named country tests positive for TB in about 80% of its population?
Question: Out of every 100,000 people in Swaziland in 2007, how many were infected with tuberculosis?
Answer: 1,200
Question: What country had a record-setting 2 million new cases of TB in 2007?
Answer: India
Question: What people in Australia and Canada have a much higher risk of TB infection than other residents?
Answer: aboriginal
Question: What indigenous people in the U.S. are five times more likely to die from TB?
Answer: Native Americans
Question: What percentage of TB cases in America are diagnosed in minority groups?
Answer: 84%
Question: What percentage of TB cases worldwide are minorities?
Question: How many new cases in millions did Swaziland have in 2007?
Question: What is mostly found in remote areas in developed countries?
Question: What was the rate of TB cases per 100,000 people in Swaziland in 2010?
Question: How much greater is the mortality rate from TB for racial and ethnic minorities?
Question: What animal was found with 17,000-year-old damage from tuberculosis?
Answer: bison
Question: What does MTBC stand for?
Answer: M. tuberculosis complex
Question: During what time period do some scientist believe the first human could have contracted TB from an ancestor they shared with animals?
Answer: Neolithic Revolution
Question: In which U.S. state was the oldest definitive evidence of TB found?
Answer: Wyoming
Question: When was Wyoming discovered?
Question: Which gene was concluded to come from animals?
Question: What period did the bison live in?
Question: What did animals get TB from?
Question: What species have we definitively traced the origin of TB to?
Question: What year was Koch awarded a Nobel Prize?
Answer: 1905
Question: Koch's conviction that human and bovine strains of TB were unrelated meant more people were exposed by drinking what?
Answer: milk
Question: What did Koch call the ineffective treatment for TB he came up with in 1890?
Answer: tuberculin
Question: What event is celebrated on March 24th to recognize the test for latent TB?
Answer: World Tuberculosis Day
Question: Who started World Tuberculosis Day?
Question: What did Koch believe was similar to bovine tuberculosis?
Question: What year did World Tuberculosis Day start?
Question: What remedy did Koch win a Nobel prize for?
Question: When did Koch describe the connection between TB and infected milk?
Question: How many deaths out of every six in France during 1918 were attributed to tuberculosis?
Answer: one
Question: In what decade was TB's communicability finally realized?
Answer: 1880s
Question: What did Britain try to get people to stop doing to reduce the spread of TB in public?
Answer: spitting
Question: What were the "treatment" facilities for poor people with TB in the early 1900s called?
Answer: sanatoria
Question: How many deaths in France were caused by TB in 1815?
Question: When were deaths from TB in England reduced to one in six?
Question: When did France put TB on the notifiable disease list?
Question: What percent of people who contracted TB died?
Question: Where did poor people get excellent healthcare?
Question: When did the incidence of TB in Europe reach its highest point?
Answer: 1800s
Question: When tuberculosis was at its worst in Europe, what percentage of deaths was TB-related?
Answer: 25%
Question: What British health organization made tuberculosis its top priority at its start?
Answer: Medical Research Council
Question: What year was the Medical Research Council created?
Answer: 1913
Question: About how much had the death rate from TB been reduced in Europe by the midpoint of the 20th century?
Answer: 90%
Question: What percentage of deaths were caused by TB in the 1950s?
Question: What reduced rates of mortality in the 1950s?
Question: What organization brought antibiotics to Britain?
Question: What year did streptomycin arrive?
Question: What member of leadership at the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria called TB a "pandemic"?
Answer: Mark Dybul
Question: What country covers treatment for tuberculosis for its citizens?
Answer: Brazil
Question: What organization said some countries might be spending as much as $150 billion each year on TB?
Answer: World Bank
Question: What population segment in China struggles to get follow-up care for TB infection?
Answer: rural migrants
Question: What do some people think we need more of to prevent for-profit providers of TB treatment from over-prescribing?
Answer: regulations
Question: What groups might help tuberculosis patients share with and support each other?
Answer: TB clubs
Question: Education about TB seems to decrease the stigma of the disease and lead to what other positive effect?
Answer: increasing treatment adherence
Question: What do some people say is even worse than the effects of tuberculosis itself?
Answer: the stigma
Question: What group of people can add to the TB stigma by treating patients as troublesome or unwanted?
Answer: healthcare providers
Question: As recently as what year were there no studies on how TB mortality is connected to stigma?
Answer: 2010
Question: When did studies begin linking mortality to stigma?
Question: What have studies claimed are worse than the stigma?
Question: How are people with AIDS perceived?
Question: What will stigma reduction result in in regards to understanding?
Question: Who have been performing studies on the relationship between stigma and mortality?
Question: What phase of clinical trials have some new vaccine options reached?
Answer: I and II
Question: What does one option propose adding to the existing BCG vaccine? 
Answer: subunit vaccine
Question: What's the name of the subunit vaccine being studied in South Africa?
Answer: MVA85A
Question: What genetically modified virus was used to develop MVA85A?
Answer: vaccinia
Question: What candidate is in phase I and II?
Question: What is added to a subunit vaccine?
Question: Where is BCG in trials?
Question: How many main limitations does the BCG vaccine have?
Question: What virus is BCG based on?
Question: What organization did the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation donate $280 million to?
Answer: Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation
Question: Policymakers believe tax incentives, market commitments, and what third incentive will speed up vaccine development?
Answer: prizes
Question: What group with the initials SATVI is researching TB vaccines?
Answer: South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative
Question: What nonprofit tuberculosis research foundation has a verb in its name?
Answer: Stop TB Partnership
Question: Who gave the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation $280 mil?
Question: What is the prize for vaccine development set at?
Question: Who gifted Stop TB Partnership a large amount of money for improving vaccinations?
Question: Where is Stop TB Partnership working?
Question: What drug in the running to treat multi drug resistant TB has already gotten FDA approval?
Answer: Bedaquiline
Question: What year did the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approve bedaquiline?
Answer: 2012
Question: Despite FDA approval, how much more likely to die are patients who take bedaquiline in addition to the standard TB regimen?
Answer: five times
Question: Opposition to the use of bedaquiline think what providers were influenced by a connection with the drug company?
Answer: physicians
Question: What type of publication has put out articles questioning bedaquiline's safety?
Answer: medical journal
Question: What are the names of the multi-drug resistant strains of tuberculosis?
Question: When did delamind receive FDA approval?
Question: What happens to the death rate for people taking delamind?
Question: What is delamind taken alongside of?
Question: Who approved the drug delamanid?
Question: Outside of employment, what is the other main issue that affirmative action focuses on?
Answer: education
Question: Affirmative action attempts to ask institutions to grant extra consideration to what group of people outside of Native Americans and women?
Answer: racial minorities
Question: Studies showed that discrimination in both business sectors and education resulted in advantages for what group of people?
Answer: whites and males
Question: Affirmative action does not only attempt to remove disadvantages, but also to ensure what about the number of people in a field?
Answer: are more representative of the populations they serve
Question: Outside of employment, what is the other lesser issue that affirmative action focuses on?
Question: Affirmative action attempts to ask institutions to grant extra consideration to what group of people outside of Native Americans and men?
Question:  Studies showed that discrimination in both business sectors and education resulted in disadvantages for what group of people?
Question: Affirmative action does attempts to remove disadvantages, but also to ensure what about the number of people in a field?
Question: What is another example aside from racial quotes of affirmative action for collegiate admissions?
Answer: gender quotas
Question: Having quotas regarding admissions or employment has been criticized and said to be what kind of discrimination?
Answer: reverse
Question: What case determined that some implementation of affirmative action was unconstitutional?
Answer: Gratz v. Bollinger
Question: In which time period did discrimination policies originate from?
Answer: Reconstruction Era
Question: What do critics of affirmative action believe should be the main factor in hiring?
Answer: achievement
Question: What is another example aside from racial quotes of non-affirmative action for collegiate admissions?
Question: Not having quotas regarding admissions or employment has been criticized and said to be what kind of discrimination?
Question: What case determined that some implementation of affirmative action was constitutional?
Question:  In which time period did discrimination policies not originate from?
Question: What do critics of affirmative action believe should not be the main factor in hiring?
Question: Who proposed that land be divided and split up among families of color?
Answer: General William Tecumseh Sherman
Question: What was the policy of dividing land among families of color referred to as?
Answer: Forty acres and a mule
Question: Which part of the constitution was the basis for policies that were developed during the Civil Rights Movement?
Answer: Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment
Question: Who was the first person to utilize the term "affirmative action"?
Answer: President John F. Kennedy
Question: When did the Deconstruction Era end?
Question: When did the Deconstruction Era start?
Question: Who proposed that land be divided and split up among white families?
Question:  Who was the last person to utilize the term "affirmative action"?
Question: In which document did the term "affirmative action" first appear?
Answer: National Labor Relations Act
Question: Who was the author of the National Labor Relations Act?
Answer: Senator Robert F. Wagner
Question: Who did employers routinely blacklist of fire?
Answer: employees associated with unions
Question: Who was able to review complaints about possible worker discrimination?
Answer: National Labor Relations Board
Question: Which group of people did the Wagner Act fail to protect?
Answer: minorities
Question:  In which document did the term "non-affirmative action" first appear?
Question:  Who was the author of the National Non-Labor Relations Act?
Question:  Who did employers routinely hire?
Question: Who wasn't able to review complaints about possible worker discrimination?
Question: Which group of people did the Wagner Act protect?
Question: Who was the true backer of the cause of affirmative action?
Answer: Harold L. Ickes
Question: What position of power did Harold L. Ickes hold?
Answer: Interior Secretary
Question: The first introduction of a quota system mandated that contractors had to do what?
Answer: employ a fixed percentage of Black workers
Question: Which piece of legislation prevented any discrimination in the defense industry and government?
Answer: Executive Order 8802
Question: What does the FEPC stand for?
Answer: Fair Employment Practices Committee
Question: Who was the true backer of the cause of non-affirmative action?
Question:  What position of power did Clark L. Ickes hold?
Question: The first introduction of a quota system mandated that contractors can't do what?
Question:  Which piece of legislation didn't prevent any discrimination in the defense industry and government?
Question:  What does the FPPC stand for?
Question: What group was established in response to Executive Order 9808?
Answer: President's Committee on Civil Rights
Question: What was the Executive Order 9808 issued in response to?
Answer: Sergeant Isaac Woodard incident
Question: In which year were the "To Secure These Rights" findings published?
Answer: 1947
Question: What was the committee especially disturbed by as indicated in their report?
Answer: the state of race relations
Question: Who in the generation following the "To Secure These Rights" findings sign legislation for affirmative action into law?
Answer: Lyndon B. Johnson
Question:  What group was established in response to Executive Order 9108?
Question:  What was the Executive Order 988 issued in response to?
Question: In which year were the "Don't Secure These Rights" findings published?