huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: Who had made an attempt in the 1920s to release a long play time recording?
Answer: World Records
Question: What caused the constant linear velocity?
Answer: Noel Pemberton Billing's patented add-on governor device
Question: What was a unique feature of World Records records?
Answer: played from the outside to the inside
Question: What currently utilized item was World Records CLV similar to?
Answer: Philips Laser Disc
Question: What gear ration creates 78.26 rpm?
Answer: 46:1
Question: In what year was 78.26 rpm chosen as standard?
Answer: 1925
Question: How many rpm did the electrically powered synchronous turanable motor run at?
Answer: 3600 rpm
Question: Why are these records known as '78s'?
Answer: to distinguish them from other newer disc record formats
Question: When did the 45 rpm gain popularity over the 78 rpm
Answer: 1950s
Question: With which crowd did the 45 rpm gain popularity?
Answer: teenagers
Question: At which time were the 79 rpm no longer mass produced?
Answer: about 1960
Question: On which date did Columbia release it's last 78?
Answer: November 1, 1954.
Question: What was the last country to phase out the 78 rpm?
Answer: United Kingdom
Question: What percentage of Elvis Presley's single sales were of 78s?
Answer: less than 10%
Question: What was the last 78 released in the UK by RCA?
Answer: A Mess Of Blues/Girl Of My Best Friend
Question: Why did Elvis sales of 78s perform so well in the Southern States?
Answer: 45 rpm player was a luxury few could afford at the time
Question: On which label did Elvis release his early singles?
Answer: Sun Records
Question: What was the last Elvis Presley single released on 78?
Answer: I Got Stung/One Night
Question: What two formats replaced the 78?
Answer: 33 1⁄3 rpm (often just referred to as the 33 rpm), and the 45 rpm
Question: Who developed the 33 1/3 rpm LP?
Answer: Columbia Records
Question: When did the 33 1/3 rpm hit the market?
Answer: June 1948
Question: When did RCA release their 45 rpm format?
Answer: March 1949
Question: When were RIAA standards established?
Answer: mid-1950s
Question: What was 16 2/3 rpm speed used for?
Answer: narrated publications
Question: Who developed the 33 1/3 rpm speed record?
Answer: Peter Goldmark
Question: What record format was created for use in Chrysler automobiles?
Answer: Highway Hi-Fi 16 2⁄3 rpm record
Question: Why did Chrysler discontinue use of the Hifi 16 2/3 rpm record?
Answer: poor performance
Question: To the end of which era could you find 16 rpm setting on record players?
Answer: 1970s
Question: Which two companies were involved in the "War of the Speeds"?
Answer: RCA Victor and Columbia Records
Question: Over which years did the "War of the Speeds" last? 
Answer: 1948 to 1950
Question: What speed ultimantly ended up winning the war of the speeds?
Answer: 45 rpm
Question: By 1945 what was the total sale of 45s?
Answer: 200 million
Question: What was the significance of October 26th, 1956?
Answer: The last Columbia Records reissue of any Frank Sinatra songs on a 10-inch LP
Question: In which country did the 10 in LP exist the longest?
Answer: United Kingdom
Question: Which format offered up to 1/2 an hour of recordings per side?
Answer: 12-inch LP
Question: Did the 45 rpm or 12 inch disc offer longer playing time?
Answer: 12-inch LP
Question: Why were 45s more popular with jukeboxes?
Answer: The large center hole
Question: What format was phased out by the end of the 1950s?
Answer: EPs
Question: What was a benefit of EPs over LPs?
Answer: EP discs were cheaper
Question: What three speeds were sound on most home stereos in the mid 1950's?
Answer: 78, 45, 33 1⁄3
Question: What feature of 45s required an adapter in most home stereos?
Answer: larger center hole.
Question: What feature was found on more home stereos that allowed continuous play between records?
Answer: changer
Question: What format was less common but could sometimes be found on home stereos?
Answer: 16 2⁄3 rpm
Question: Wy did records outside of the US often have small holes with the ability to punch out the center?
Answer: for use in jukeboxes
Question: What were the plastic inserts which would adapt 45s to the smaller spindle of an LP player called?
Answer: spider
Question: What invention did Thomas Hutchinson introduce?
Answer: spider
Question: Whom were the adaptable inserts for 45s to LPs commissioned by?
Answer: RCA president David Sarnoff
Question: How many spiders were sold in the 45 rpm heydays?
Answer: tens of millions per year
Question: What term was coined to differentiate better sounding products in the 1920s?
Answer: high fidelity
Question: What magazines provided reviews for audio equipment?
Answer: High Fidelity and Audio
Question: What happened in 1958 that changed the home music scene?
Answer: variety of improvements in recording and playback technologies
Question: During what years did the term HiFi take off with engineers?
Answer: 1930s and 1940s
Question: What term would be used when one said they produced perfect sound reproduction?
Answer: high fidelity
Question: When did EMI create the first stereo discs?
Answer: 1933
Question: What was the benefit of 45/45 stereo sound?
Answer: more natural listening experience
Question: What year was stereo sound patented? 
Answer: 1931
Question: How was the commercial success of stereo sound in the 1930s?
Answer: was not exploited commercially until much later.
Question: What was the newest break through in home sound systems in 1971?
Answer: development of quadraphonic records
Question: How would the commercial success of quadraphonic records be defined?
Answer: commercially unsuccessful
Question: What did developments in quadraphonic recordings inspire?
Answer: later surround-sound systems
Question: What was a major issue with CD-4 technology?
Answer: no cutting heads were available that could handle the HF information
Question: How widespread was the success of CD-4 format? 
Answer: even less successful than the two matrixed formats
Question: What format was less successful than quadraphonic?
Answer: CD-4
Question: What were potential benefits of the CD-4 format?
Answer: reduced distortion and greater headroom
Question: Who created the CD-4 format?
Answer: RCA
Question: What benefits were found in using the 35mm magnetic film?
Answer: prevented tape layer print-through and pre-echo and gained extended frequency range and transient response
Question: Who developed the 3-to-2 mix to create lifelike recordings?
Answer: Mercury
Question: Which microphone hold the most importance in 3 microphone recording?
Answer: The center
Question: In which year did Mercury begin 3 channel stereo recording?
Answer: 1955
Question: What technique were used to reduce inner-groove distortion?
Answer: CBS DisComputer and Teldec Direct Metal Mastering
Question: Who developed the Dynagroove format?
Answer: RCA Victor
Question: Why did some music lovers frown upon diaphragming? 
Answer: unnatural side effects
Question: What did closer groove spacing result in?
Answer: Lower recorded volume
Question: What would be found with higher recorded volumes?
Answer: wider spacing
Question: How did Disco Eye-Cued system benefit DJs?
Answer: visual cue to DJs mixing the records
Question: How did Disco Eye-Cued sysems differ from LPs?
Answer: only contain one track each side
Question: When was the Disco Eye-Cued System developed?
Answer: late 1970s
Question: What were direct to disc recordings expected to product?
Answer: a "purist" transcription
Question: When were 'half speed' and 'digitally remastered' recordings being released?
Answer: late 1970s
Question: When were DBX recordings released?
Answer: mid-1970s
Question: How compatible were DBX encoded recordings with prior technologies?
Answer: completely incompatible with
Question: What was the intention of DBX encoded recordings?
Answer: reduced the effect of surface noise on quiet passages
Question: What did CBS develop in order to reduce outside noise?
Answer: "CX" noise reduction
Question: What company out of Japan offered laser turntables that read vinyl discs optically?
Answer: ELPJ
Question: What was a benedit of laser read discs?
Answer: eliminates record wear
Question: What was a drawback of laser read discs?
Answer: degrade the sound
Question: What was the primary use of laser read discs?
Answer: archiving of analog records
Question: What was a major issue for laser read discs?
Answer: dust
Question: Where was IRENE developed?
Answer: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories
Question: What is the primary use of IRENE?
Answer: retrieve the information
Question: Can IRENE read vertically modulated information?
Answer: cannot read vertically modulated information
Question: Does IRENE require the  ability to touch the media?
Answer: without touching the medium
Question: What terms are used for recording with more than one track?
Answer: long-play" (LP) and "extended-play" (EP
Question: What is a typical max playing time of an LP?
Answer: forty-five minutes
Question: Which format is cheaper, LP or EP?
Answer: LPs
Question: Which format held recordings ranging from 10 to 15 minutes?
Answer: 7-inch EP
Question: What was a normal play time per side for LPs?
Answer: 22 minutes
Question: Which colors of 45 were available as late as 1952 before being discontinued?
Answer: yellow and deep red
Question: PeeWee the Piccolo was what?
Answer: The first 45 rpm record created for sale
Question: What significance does Dec 7/ 1948 hold?
Answer: The first 45 rpm record created for sale
Question: How many colors were 45s available in when first released?
Answer: seven colors
Question: When did RCA release the 45?
Answer: March 1949
Question: In which direction does the groove in a normal disc run?
Answer: outside edge towards the center
Question: How is sound encoded on a commercial disc?
Answer: by fine variations
Question: Does it matter at which speed a disc is spun?
Answer: correct speed
Question: Do all grooves bear data?
Answer: no
Question: What is the center where the data joins to complete a circle?
Answer: lock groove
Question: Do turntables play music on lock grooves?
Answer: most automatic turntables are incapable
Question: What do most automatic turn tables do when they meet a lock groove?
Answer: lift the arm
Question: Where do you find a lead out?
Answer: Towards the center, at the end of the groove
Question: Are longer recordings, as found in operas, made for use with auto-changing systems?
Answer: interleaved across several 10-inch or 12-inch discs for use with auto-changing mechanisms
Question: Do grooves on records touch when stacked?
Answer: allowing records to be stacked onto each other without the delicate grooves coming into contact
Question: Do records touch when in auto changers?
Answer: Auto-changers included a mechanism to support a stack
Question: What is the most used material for modern audiophile vinyl releases?
Answer: New or "virgin" heavy/heavyweight (180–220 g) vinyl
Question: What is the material preference of collectors?
Answer: heavyweight vinyl
Question: How does the manufacturing process differ between heavyweight and normal vinyl?
Answer: Manufacturing processes are identical
Question: Would would a non filled area in a vinyl press cause when listening to a record?
Answer: grinding or scratching sound
Question: Which pressing of vinyl require more attention to detail, lightweight or heavyweight?
Answer: lightweight records requires more care
Question: What is an effect of using worn molds when casting records?
Answer: The "orange peel" effect
Question: What is the expected finish of a vinyl record?
Answer: mirror-like
Question: What is the effect on a copy if a master as an orange peel effect?
Answer: there is no ill effect
Question: On what frequencies is an orange peel effect most noticeable?
Answer: lower frequency range
Question: What material is on a direct metal mastering disc?
Answer: copper
Question: What is the two step process?
Answer: "father" is removed of its silver and converted into a stamper
Question: What is the limitation of the two step process?
Answer: limited to a few hundred vinyl pressings
Question: Which is preferred the two step or three step process?
Answer: three-step
Question: Which have stronger structures the father or son mold?
Answer: sons
Question: What can increase the output of a stamper mold?
Answer: quality of the vinyl is high
Question: What was a known issue of using shellac to make records?
Answer: Breakage was very common
Question: In which novel does 'Whiteman's Lady of the Evening" record get broken?
Answer: John O'Hara novel, Appointment in Samarra
Question: In Blackboard Jungle what record breaking mention is made?
Answer: teacher's collection of 78 rpm jazz records is smashed
Question: What is the cause of lock grooves on vinyl records?
Answer: Dust and scratches
Question: Where does the saying "Like a broken record" originate?
Answer: locked groove
Question: How easily do vinyl records break?
Answer: Vinyl records do not break easily
Question: What is a common damage to vinyl records?
Answer: easily scratched.
Question: What causes warping in vinyl records?
Answer: heat, improper storage, exposure to sunlight, or manufacturing defects
Question: What is a cause of once per revolution pitch variation?
Answer: warp, or from a spindle hole that was not precisely centered
Question: What method was used to protect a vinyl record?
Answer: place the LP in a paper or plastic inner cover
Question: What were often found with a paper outter cover and no inner cover?
Answer: Singles
Question: What happens if a vinyl comes with a bit of warp?
Answer: A small degree of warp was common,
Question: When is distortion most common on a gramophone record?
Answer: Distortion towards the end of the side
Question: What happens as a record wears?
Answer: Distortion
Question: What is a drawback of using gramophones?
Answer: fidelity steadily declines as playback progresses
Question: How much vinyl can be found at the start of an LP?
Answer: 510 mm
Question: Where can you find only 200-210mm of vinyl?
Answer: ending of the groove
Question: What is a feature many stereos contain to fight back against unwanted noises?
Answer: subsonic filter
Question: What is a sounds commonly heard when listening to a vinyl that is unintentional.
Answer: Tonearm skating
Question: Which frequencies are you most likely to hear tonearm skating?
Answer: frequencies below about 20 Hz
Question: Are there any visual signs of tracking when listening to a record?
Answer: cones can sometimes be seen to vibrate with the subsonic tracking
Question: What kinds of unwanted sounds are often heard at high frequencies?
Answer: hiss, pops, and ticks
Question: What is done during recordings to help reduce unwanted sounds?
Answer: amplitude of low frequencies is reduced
Question: What is a benefit of using equalization devices?
Answer: problems can be reduced
Question: What is done to high frequency  sounds to lessen sound issues?
Answer: amplitude at high frequencies is increased
Question: Whom found that they can make musical instruments sound more natural with an amplifier boost at the turnover point?
Answer: G. H. Miller
Question: What is found when a complementary boost is used at the bass turnover point?
Answer: reproduction was more realistic
Question: When frequency in the treble increases what happens to the recording amplitude?
Answer: recording amplitude decreased
Question: What happens when frequency decreases in the bass?
Answer: recording amplitude increased
Question: Whom found Wente-style condenser microphones helpful?
Answer: P. G. A. H. Voigt
Question: How were Wente-Style condenser microphones helpful?
Answer: pre-emphasis in the recording
Question: When was a pre-emphasis most useful?
Answer: above 1,000 Hz
Question: On which recording types were pre-emphasis used most in the 1920s?
Answer: 78 rpm and 33 1⁄3 rpm
Question: In which Era was this finding most significant?
Answer: 1925 era
Question: What was the industry standard in Europe for record equalization?
Answer: there was no industry standard
Question: In which country was the treble roll off greater?
Answer: US
Question: Which country prefers a bass turnover setting of 250-300 Hz?
Answer: Europe
Question: What was the industry standard on equalization practices?
Answer: there was no industry standard
Question: Which country used the most varied equalization practices?
Answer: US
Question: How was standardization prior to 1942?
Answer: considered a proprietary art
Question: Around what time period was there an attempt made to standardize recordings?
Answer: 1942–1949
Question: When were recording standards officially released?
Answer: 1949
Question:  Which recording types were effected by the imposed industry standards?
Answer: laterally and vertically cut records, principally transcriptions.
Question: What was one issue of a lack of industry standards?
Answer: Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording
Question: What is the NAB?
Answer: National Association of Broadcasters
Question: What was a benefit to broadcasters of recording standards?
Answer: programming sounded more lifelike.
Question: How did the NBC Othacoustic curve relate to the NAB curve?
Answer: remarkably similar
Question: What helped cause the most life like sound?
Answer: using a complementary inverse curve
Question: What were the recording standards based off from?
Answer: long-held recording practices
Question: What became the predecessor to the RIAA curve?
Answer: New Orthophonic curve
Question: Who developed the New Orthophonic curve?
Answer: RCA Victor
Question: Whom wrote the publication outlining the New Orthophonic curve?
Answer: R.C. Moyer
Question: What was the quality of sound recordings made with horns at the end of the acoustic era?
Answer: many fine examples
Question: What were issues facing play back and recording mechanics?
Answer: acoustic limitations
Question: Why do photos show take on horns?
Answer: help mute these resonances
Question: How would a record recorded with a horn sound played through modern equipment?
Answer: like it was recorded through a horn
Question: What was the cause of delicate and fine sound loss?
Answer: took a lot of sound energy
Question: At at time was radio gaining popularity?
Answer: 1925
Question: What type of microphones were losing popularity in the 1920s?
Answer: carbon microphones used,
Question: What benefit did the use of the Wente style condenser microphone offer?
Answer: brilliant midrange
Question: What was a benefit of early radio recordings?
Answer: microphones and amplifiers
Question: What is one example of an acoustic phonograph on which one would listen to electric recordings?
Answer: Victor Orthophonic phonograph
Question: What allowed better sounds inside the cabinet of the orthoponic phonograph?
Answer: folded horn with an exponential taper
Question: What adjustments were made to the orthophonic  to accommodate electric recordings?
Answer: mechanical pickup head was redesigned with lower resonance than the traditional mica type
Question: Was it common to hear electric recordings on phonographs?
Answer: not unusual
Question: How similar was the sound of a orthodontic  record to a radio?
Answer: sounded like
Question: What are two examples of high quality microphones?
Answer: moving coil microphone was introduced around 1930 and the velocity or ribbon microphone
Question: What was used to dampen resonances in recordings?
Answer: Magnetic pickups
Question: When would you have first found the moving coil microphone?
Answer: around 1930
Question: What was a more economical option to magnetic pickups?
Answer: Crystal pickups
Question: In what years would you find electronic recordings played electronically?
Answer: 1930s and 1940s
Question: What was a benefit of the use of magnetic pickup cartridge?
Answer: high quality cuts
Question: In what era could you find good quality recordings and playbacks at home?
Answer: 1940s
Question: What was a unique feature of the Capeart radio phonographs?
Answer: large diameter electrodynamic loudspeakers
Question: How similar were live and recorded versions?
Answer: harder to tell the difference
Question: What two companies worked together to develop the Western Electric System?
Answer: Bell Telephone Laboratories and Western Electric
Question: What system was used by Warner Brothers?
Answer: Western Electric system
Question: What speed was used in the Western Electric System?
Answer: 33 1⁄3 rpm
Question: What was the Western Electric System believed to do?
Answer: improve the overall quality
Question: What could be avoided by using vertical groove cuts?
Answer: inner groove distortion
Question: How was the moving coil microphone unique to the Wente type?
Answer: didn't require electronics installed in the microphone housing
Question: How was sound improved using the moving coil microphone?
Answer: override noise in playback
Question: How was wax used to improve recordings?
Answer: avoiding the microscopic irregularities
Question: What were the top licensees of the Western Electric system in the 1930s?
Answer: World Broadcasting System and Associated Music Publishers
Question: Who was responsible for 2/3 of all recordings in the 1930s?
Answer: World Broadcasting System and Associated Music Publishers
Question: How was gold spluttering used in vinyl creation?
Answer: cuts that were electroplated in vacuo by means of gold sputtering
Question: When was the business booming for do it yourself sound fanatics?
Answer: 1949
Question: What kind of recordings worked best for pop music?
Answer: 45 rpm
Question: What was used for longer recordings?
Answer: LP record
Question: What opened doors for long recordings?
Answer: The complete technical disclosure of the Columbia LP by Peter C. Goldmark, Rene' Snepvangers and William S. Bachman
Question: What aided in records sales in the 1950s?
Answer: Radio listeners heard recordings broadcast
Question: What is believed to better offer sounds of higher frequencies, compact discs or records?
Answer: vinyl records
Question: What is the higher end of typical human hearing?
Answer: 20,000 Hz
Question: Does the hearing range of the human vary?
Answer: The upper and lower frequency limits of human hearing vary per person
Question: What was used in first recordings of vinyl records?
Answer: soft wax
Question: What was used in final recordings of vinyl records?
Answer: harder lacquer
Question: After the 1950s  what was a typical recording process?
Answer: first recorded on audio tape, which could then be processed and/or edited, and then dubbed on to the master disc
Question: Where were sound recordings originally made to?
Answer: master disc
Question: Should alcohol be used to clean gramophone recordings?
Answer: alcohol should only be used on PVC or optical media
Question: Is gramophone equipment readily available?
Answer: manufactured only in small quantities
Question: What is the recommendation of gramophone recordings to preserve integrity?
Answer: transferring them onto other media
Question: What is a drawback of gramophone use?
Answer: gradual degradation
Question: How are gramophones best stored?
Answer: on edge
Question: Is it difficult to transfer recording from historic interest to newer technologies?
Answer: Anyone can do this
Question: What would offer the highest quality transfers of historic interest?
Answer: professional archivists
Question: What would a hobbiest need to transfer historic recordings to digital formats?
Answer: standard record player with a suitable pickup, a phono-preamp (pre-amplifier) and a typical personal computer
Question: Is an original destroyed when transferred to digital format?
Answer: without any further damage to the source recording
Question: What is one benefit of transferring an older format to a newer format?
Answer: manipulated to remove analog flaws
Question: What was a major cause of declined vinyl sales?
Answer: major label distributors restricted their return policies
Question: Which allows for more profits, vinyl or compact discs?
Answer: CDs, which were more profitable for the record companies
Question: When did vinyl record sales decline?
Answer: between 1988 and 1991
Question: When did compact disc popularity take hold?
Answer: 1988
Question: When were groove recordings developed?
Answer: final quarter of the 19th century,
Question: Are records generally out of print as of date?
Answer: Vinyl records continue to be manufactured and sold today
Question: Are albums ever reproduced?
Answer: Many popular new albums are given releases
Question: What types of vinyl hold the most popularity?
Answer: Old records and out-of-print recordings
Question: Does vinyl record maintain any popularity?
Answer: records still have enthusiastic supporters
Question: In what techniques would a DJ require a vinyl record?
Answer: slip-cueing, beatmatching, and scratching
Question: Are all turn tables capable of DJ manipulation of vinyl records?
Answer: provided the stylus, record player, and record itself are built to withstand it
Question: What is commonly preferred by DJs vinyl or CD?
Answer: any electronic dance music and hip hop releases today are still preferred on vinyl
Question: Had vinyl technology ceased expanding?
Answer: However, many CDJ and DJ advances, such as DJ software and time-encoded vinyl, now have these capabilities and more.
Question: Whom set the most recent sales record of vinyl records since 1991?
Answer: Jack White
Question: What medium has seen the biggest fall in sales as of late?
Answer: compact discs
Question: What was unique to vinyl sales in 2014?
Answer: was the only physical music medium with increasing sales with relation to the previous year
Question: Who sold 34,000 vinyl records in 1994?
Answer: Pearl Jam
Question: Prior to 2014 when was the most recent large sale of vinyl records?
Answer: 1991
Question: Warner Bros. pictures before what year are part of the Turner Entertainment library?
Answer: 1950
Question: Up until what month and year of release are films from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer part of the Turner Entertainment library?
Answer: May 1986
Question: What company owns TCM and Warner Bros.?
Answer: Time Warner
Question: What is Turner Classic Movies called in France?
Answer: TCM Cinéma
Question: What is the Spanish version of Turner Classic Movies?
Answer: TCM España
Question: Warner Bros. pictures before what year are part of the TCM?
Question: Up until what month and year of release are films from TCM part of the Turner Entertainment Library?
Question: What is Turner Classic Movies called in Africa?
Question: What is a dedicated licensing channel?
Question: Who has licensing deals with libraries?
Question: How much did Ted Turner pay for Metro-Goldwyn Mayer?
Answer: $1.5 billion
Question: In what year did Ted Turner buy Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer?
Answer: 1986
Question: Who did Ted Turner sell Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to?
Answer: Kirk Kerkorian
Question: Who did Ted Turner buy Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from?
Answer: Kirk Kerkorian
Question: Up to what date of release did Turner retain ownership of the MGM film library?
Answer: May 9, 1986
Question: How much did Ted Turner pay for UA?
Question: In what year did Ted Turner buy UA?
Question: Who did Ted Turner sell UA to?
Question: Who did Ted Turner buy UA from?
Question: Up to what date of release did Kerkorian retain ownership of the MGM film library?
Question: On what network did Turner Entertainment's film library air prior to the creation of TCM?
Answer: TNT
Question: What was a notable film that Turner colorized?
Answer: The Maltese Falcon
Question: Who did Turner ink a deal with to distribute Warner Bros. films from before 1950?
Answer: MGM/UA
Question: The MGM/UA-Turner deal concerned MGM films released prior to what date?
Answer: May 1986
Question: On what network did Turner Entertainment's film library air prior to the creation of MGM/UA?
Question: What was a notable film that Warner Bros. colorized?
Question: Who did Warner Bros. ink a deal with to distribute Warner Bros. films from before 1950?
Question: The MGM/UA-Turner deal concerned TCM films released prior to what date?
Question: What would serve as the base form of programming for MGM?
Question: When TCM premiered, what was AMC called?
Answer: American Movie Classics
Question: What sorts of films did American Movie Classics primarily show?
Answer: released prior to 1970
Question: By what year was AMC showing commercials?
Answer: 2002
Question: How many subscribers had access to AMC upon its launch?
Question: When TCM ended, what was AMC called?
Question: What sorts of films did TCM primarily show?
Question: By what year was TCM showing commercials?
Question: Who originally served as a free format to AMC?
Question: Along with Lorimar and National General Pictures, what library was included in the Warner Bros. library?
Answer: Saul Zaentz
Question: When did MGM give Warner Home Video the rights to MGM/UA's films on home video?
Answer: March 1999
Question: With what company did Turner Broadcasting Systems merge in 1999?
Question: Along with Lorimar and National General Pictures, what library was included in the Time Warner library?
Question: When did MGM give Warner Home Video the rights to Turner Broadcasting's films on home video?
Question: When did Warner Home Video merge with Time Warner?
Question: What placed Warner Bros. Entertainment and Warner Home Video under the same corporate umbrella?
Question: In what year did TCM begin the Young Composers Film Competition?
Answer: 2000
Question: How often is the Young Composers Film Competition?
Answer: annual
Question: What is the grand prize in the Young Composers Film Competition?
Answer: score a restored, feature-length silent film
Question: In what year was Laugh, Clown, Laugh released?
Answer: 1928
Question: Who starred in The Temptress?
Answer: Greta Garbo
Question: In what year did TCM end the Young Composers Film Competition?
Question: How often is the TCM?
Question: What is the grand prize in the TCM?
Question: In what year was TCM realeased?
Question: Who starred in he Ace of Hearts?
Question: In what year did TCM receive a Peabody Award?
Answer: 2008
Question: For what reason is a Peabody Award granted?
Answer: excellence in broadcasting
Question: When did the inaugural TCM Classic Film Festival take place?
Answer: April 2010
Question: In addition to the Grauman's Chinese Theater, where did the first TCM Classic Film Festival take place?
Answer: Grauman's Egyptian Theater
Question: Where is Grauman's Chinese Theater located?
Answer: Hollywood
Question: In what year did TCM receive a film legacy?
Question: For what reason is a film legacy granted?
Question: When did the inaugural TCM film legacy take place?
Question: In addition to the Grauman's Chinese Theater, where did the first film legacy take place?
Question: Where is the film legacy located?
Question: What were TCM Extras previously known as?
Answer: One Reel Wonders
Question: When did short films from TCM begin to stream on TCM's website?
Answer: 2007
Question: Along with The Passing Parade, Crime Does Not Pay and Pete Smith Specialties, what short subjects feature on TCM?
Answer: Robert Benchley
Question: Along with :45, :30 and :15 past the hour, at what time do TCM features begin?
Answer: top of the hour
Question: What were TCM products previously known as?
Question: When did short films from TCM begin to stream on Passing Parade's website?
Question: What short subjects feature on primetime hours along with The Passing Parade, Crime Does Not Pay and Pete Smith Specialties?
Question: Along with :35, :30, and :15 past the hour, at what time does Benchley begin?
Question: What are filled with theatricallly released banner names?
Question: In what year did the Motion Picture Association of America introduce its rating system?
Answer: 1968
Question: In what year did the Motion Picture Production Code cease?
Answer: 1968
Question: What rating system is often used by TCM?
Answer: TV Parental Guidelines
Question: In what year did TCM introduce its rating system?
Question: In what year did the TCM cease?
Question: What rating system is often used by the Motion Picture Association of America?
Question: Whose content has remained mostly cut?
Question: What bumpers were particularly formatted?
Question: What retrospective of the Oscars is shown yearly on TCM?
Answer: 31 Days of Oscar
Question: When does TCM's programming season begin?
Answer: February
Question: On its standard definition broadcast, what format does TCM use to preserve the original aspect ratio?
Answer: letterboxed
Question: Along with Cary Grant, who is a notable actor whose career a viewer might follow on TCM?
Answer: Humphrey Bogart
Question: What retrospective of the Oscars is shown yearly on letterbox?
Question: When does the letterbox's programming season begin?
Question: ON its standard definition broadcast, what format does Bogart use to preserve the original aspect ratio?
Question: Along with Cary Grant, who is a notable actor whose career a viewer might follow on Grant?
Question: When is a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated actors shown?
Question: Who is the owner of Columbia Pictures content?
Answer: Sony Pictures Entertainment
Question: How many films are present in the TCM library?
Answer: thousands
Question: Who owns the Seiznick International Pictures film?
Question: Who is the owner of Janus Films?
Question: How many films are present in the Janus library?
Question: What spans several decades of agreements?
Question: What includes thousands of Janus Films?
Question: Who owns the majority of pre-1950 Paramount sound releases?
Answer: EMKA, Ltd./NBCUniversal Television Distribution
Question: Who owns Paramount?
Answer: Viacom
Question: Who holds TV distribution rights to Paramount's post-1949 releases?
Answer: Trifecta Entertainment & Media
Question: Who owns Walt Disney Studios?
Answer: The Walt Disney Company
Question: Who manages the TV distribution of Walt Disney Studios?
Answer: Disney-ABC Domestic Television
Question: Who owns the majority of 1950 Paramount sound releases?
Question: Who holds TV distribution rights to Paramount's 1949 releases?
Question: Who owns Walt Disney Fox?
Question: Who manages the TV distribution of Walt Disney Fox?
Question: What is Disney's film output owned by?
Question: What is the time period covered by prime time and the early overnight?
Answer: 8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time
Question: What is Robert Osborne by profession?
Answer: film historian
Question: Why did Robert Osborne stop presenting films on TCM for several months?
Answer: medical leave
Question: Who presents Silent Sunday Nights?
Answer: Ben Mankiewicz
Question: Who presents films on Eastern on Wednesday nights?
Question: What is Eastern by profession?
Question: Why did Robert Osbourne stop presenting films on Eastern for several months?
Question: Who presents Silent Sunday Nights?
Question: When was Ben Mankiewicz on medical leave?
Question: On what day of the week are Star of the Month films aired?
Answer: Wednesdays
Question: Who hosts the Star of the Month films?
Answer: Robert Osbourne
Question: During what month and year did TCM Guest Programmer feature TCM employees as guests?
Answer: February 2011
Question: In what year did Spike Lee appear as a TCM Guest Programmer?
Answer: 2012
Question: On what day of the week are Star of the Year films aired?
Question: Who hosts the Star of the Year films?
Question: During what month and year did Lehrer Guest Programmer feature Lehrer employees as guests?
Question: In what year did Spike Lee appear as a Lehrer Guest Programmer?
Question: What time does "Stars of the Year" air?
Question: When does the Summer Under the Stars event take place?
Answer: August
Question: As of 2015, who hosted The Essentials along with Robert Osborne?
Answer: Sally Field
Question: On what day does The Essentials have its first airing each week?
Answer: Saturday
Question: On what day are repeats of The Essentials shown?
Answer: Sunday
Question: When does 15 Days of Oscar occur?
Question: When does the Essentials Under the Stars event take place?
Question: As of 2015, who hosted 31 Days of Oscar along with Robert Osbourne?
Question: On what day does 31 Days of Oscar have its first airing each week?
Question: On what day are repeats of 31 Days of Oscar shown?
Question: What movie block shows foreign films?
Answer: TCM Imports
Question: When did TCM Underground first appear?
Answer: October 2006
Question: On what day is TCM Underground shown?
Answer: Friday
Question: Who was the first host of TCM Underground?
Answer: Rob Zombie
Question: What movie block shows musicals?
Question: What movie block shows foreign hosts?
Question: When did TCM Imports first appear?
Question: On what day is TCM Imports shown?
Question: Who was the first host of TCM Imports?
Question: Who hosted Funday Night at the Movies?
Answer: Tom Kenny
Question: What character was Tom Kenny best known for portraying?
Answer: SpongeBob SquarePants
Question: In what year did Funday Night at the Movies first appear?
Answer: 2007
Question: In what month does the Funday Night at the Movies event take place?
Question: Who hosted Summer Under the Stars?
Question: What character was Smith known for portraying?
Question: In what year did Summer Under the Stars first appear?
Question: Who suspends its regular schedule every night?
Question: What series replaced Funday Night at the Movies?
Answer: Essentials Jr.
Question: Along with Chris O'Donnell, who was the original host of Essentials Jr.?
Answer: Abigail Breslin
Question: Who hosted Essentials Jr. between 2009 and 2011?
Answer: John Lithgow
Question: Who began to host Essentials Jr. in 2011?
Answer: Bill Hader
Question: In what year did Essentials Jr. replace Funday Night at the Movies?
Answer: 2008
Question: What series replaced Sherlock Jr. at the Movies?
Question: Who along with Chris O'Donnell was the original host of Sherlock Jr.?
Question: Who hosted Sherlock Jr. between 2009 and 2011?
Question: Who began to host Sherlock Jr. in 2011?
Question: In what year did Sherlock Jr. replace  Funday Night at the Movies?
Question: What year saw the debut of Religion on Film?
Answer: 2005
Question: What series premiered in 2011?
Answer: AFI's Master Class: The Art of Collaboration
Question: In what year did Arab Images on Film first appear?
Answer: 2011
Question: What was the topic of Screened Out?
Answer: history and depiction of homosexuality in film
Question: In what year did Screened Images appear?
Question: What year saw the debut of Religion and Images?
Question: What series premiered in 2012?
Question: In what year did Arab Images off Film first appear?
Question: What was the topic of Black Images on Film?
Question: In what month and year did TCM Remembers premiere?
Answer: December 1994
Question: Along with individual tributes, what form did TCM Remembers occur in?
Answer: end-of-year compilation
Question: In what month of the year does a longer version of TCM Remembers appear?
Answer: December
Question: In what year did Badly Drawn Boy provide a soundtrack for TCM Remembers?
Answer: 2007
Question: Who provided the soundtrack for the longer TCM Remembers episode in 2009?
Answer: Steve Earle
Question: In what month and year did TCM Boy premiere?
Question: Along with individual tributes, what form did Badly Drawn Boy occur in?
Question: In what month of the year does a longer version of Badly Drawn Boy appear?
Question: In what year did Steve Earle provide a soundtrack for TCM Remembers?
Question: Who provided the soundtrack for the longer Badly Drawn Boy episode in 2009?
Question: What do the TCM Vault Collection bonus discs feature in addition to documentaries?
Answer: shorts
Question: After the initial batch of TCM Vault Collection DVDs are printed, how are they made afterwards?
Answer: on-demand
Question: Through what company is the MOD released?
Question: What do the DVD Vault Collection bonus discs feature in addition to documentaries?
Question: How are the Initial batch of VHS Vault Collection DVDs made after the initial batch?
Question: What consists of several VHS collections?
Question: What often includes bonus documentaries?
Question: What month and year saw the introduction of the TCM Wineclub?
Answer: October 2015
Question: Who was TCM's partner in the TCM Wineclub?
Answer: Laithwaite
Question: The winery of what notable director provided wines for TCM Wineclub?
Answer: Francis Ford Coppola
Question: Who starred in True Grit?
Answer: John Wayne
Question: How long do TCM Wineclub subscriptions last?
Answer: 3 month
Question: What month and year saw the introduction of True Grit?
Question: Who was TCM's partner in True Grit?
Question: The winery of what notable director provided wines for True Grit?
Question: Who starred in TCM Wineclub?
Question: How long do True Grit subscriptions last?
Question: In what year did Turner Classic Movies appear on Canadian cable television?
Answer: 2005
Question: In what year did Rogers Cable begin to include TCM?
Answer: 2006
Question: What is the name of the TCM spinoff channel operated in the UK?
Answer: TCM 2
Question: In what month and year did Rogers Cable add TCM to its analog broadcasts?
Answer: February 2007
Question: What Australian cable provider first carried Turner Classic Movies?
Question: In what year did Turner Classic Movies appear on Australian cable television?
Question: In what year did Australia begin to include TCM?
Question: What is the name of the TCM spinoff channel operated in South Africa?
Question: In what month and year did France add TCM to its analog broadcasts?
Question: How many main systems of Hindu philosophy are there?
Answer: six
Question: What are the main orthodox systems of Hindu philosophy called?
Answer: Astika
Question: What is the accepted source of knowledge in the Astika system?
Answer: Vedas
Question: What are the non-orthodox Indian philosophies that do not accept Vedas called?
Answer: nāstika
Question: How many darsanas are there?
Question: What philosophy does Astika reject?
Question: Which philosophy do both nastika and Astika philosophies accept?
Question: What does Carvaka mean?
Question: What have scholars argued about with regards to nastika and astika philosophies?
Answer: relationship and differences
Question: In what centuries the writings of scholars been used to debate the philosophies?
Answer: 18th and 19th
Question: What are Buddhism and Jainism regarded as in relation to religion and philosophy?
Answer: distinct
Question: What are other schools regarded as within Hindu philosophy?
Answer: distinct schools
Question: How available are the sources of knowledge on Indian philosophy?
Answer: limited
Question: When were the astika and nastika philosophies written?
Question: What are the two sibling traditions?
Question: What differentiates the various sibling traditions?
Question: What do scholars agree on within the astika and nastika philosophies?
Question: Which two named philosophies are considered to be the same?
Question: Which orthodox Hindu philosophy concerns realism?
Answer: Nyāya
Question: What Hindu philosophy is about naturalism?
Answer: Vaiśeṣika
Question: Which Hindu philosophy concerns dualism?
Answer: Sāṅkhya
Question: What Hindu philosophy stresses self knowledge?
Answer: Advaita
Question: How many subschools does Hindu philosophy have?
Question: Which school rejects naturalism?
Question: What tradition is Buddhism rooted in?
Question: What are Tantric ideas founded in?
Question: What is a combination of ideas from multiple heterodox philosophies called?
Question: What do ancient Hindu writings identify as the means to knowledge and truth?
Answer: pramāṇas
Question: How many pramanas are there in Hindu philosophy?
Answer: six
Question: What is the pramanas for perception?
Answer: pratyakṣa
Question: What Hindu philosohy is concerned with inference?
Answer: anumāṇa
Question: Which pramanas is understanding of experts?
Answer: śabda
Question: What does pramanas mean?
Question: What do the various schools agree on?
Question: What does Carvaka nastika mean?
Question: What school believes none of the pramanas are correct?
Question: Which school believes only postulation is a valid form of knowledge?
Question: Which Hindu school stresses dualism between consciousness and matter?
Answer: Samkhya
Question: How does Samkhya view the universe?
Answer: two realities
Question: What is the Samkhya name for consciousness?
Answer: Puruṣa
Question: What is the Samkhya school word for matter?
Answer: prakriti
Question: What does the joining of Purusa and Prakriti produce?
Answer: buddhi
Question: What school rejects dualism?
Question: What is the state of prakriti splitting from purusa?
Question: What did the emergence of buddhi create?
Question: Who created the Purusa-Prakriti entities?
Question: What does Samkhya mean?
Question: Which state of guna is that of compassion, positiveness, and goodness? 
Answer: Sattva
Question: Which type of guna is concened with passion and activity?
Answer: Rajas
Question: What is the focus of the guna for negativeness and destruction?
Answer: Tamas
Question: What is the interpretation of classical  of Samkhya?
Answer: atheist / non-theistic
Question: How many types of Sattva are there?
Question: What do all life forms have in equal proportion?
Question: Why is Samkhya considered theistic?
Question: The fact that Samkhya denies the existence of a soul makes it what?
Question: What does Ishvara determine in a person's life?
Question: To what school of Hindu philosophy is yoga aligned?
Answer: Samkhya
Question: What concept does yoga accept the differentiates it from Samkhya?
Answer: personal god
Question: How many of the six pramanas does yoga accept?
Answer: three
Question: Unlike other schools of Samkhya, what attitude makes yoga different?
Answer: theistic
Question: What philosophy is Yoga antithetical to?
Question: What does Samkhya accept that yoga does not?
Question: Which parts of Samkhya does Yoga reject?
Question: Which pramana does Yoga reject?
Question: What does Yoga mean?
Question: What is the meaning of jnana?
Answer: knowledge
Question: To what does yoga say personal experimentation and knowledge lead?
Answer: moksha
Question: To what school does yoga share central ideas?
Answer: Advaita Vedanta
Question: What state in life does yoga believe is achievable?
Answer: liberation/freedom
Question: What is moksha?
Question: What central idea do Yoga and Advaita Vendata share?
Question: What does Yoga state is unachievable?
Question: What is Brahaman?
Question: What school is Yoga most dissimilar to?
Question: What philosophy is a naturalist school?
Answer: Vaiśeṣika
Question: What is the definition of paramanu in Hindu philosophy?
Answer: atoms
Question: By understanding what does Vaisesika school believe one gains knowledge and liberation?
Answer: world of experience
Question: Who is credited with the Vaisesika darsana?
Answer: Kaṇāda Kaśyapa
Question: When was the Vaisesika darsana  produced?
Answer: first millennium BCE
Question: What theory postulates that objects cannot be reduced?
Question: What does Vaisesika mean?
Question: Who coined the term paramanu?
Question: What does Vaisesika say prevents knowledge and liberation?
Question: Who discredited the idea of Vaisesika?
Question: According to Vaisesika philosophy, how many substances comprise reality?
Answer: four
Question: What are the substances of Vaisesika reality?
Answer: earth, water, air, fire
Question: Of what does Vaisesika philosophy say the things are made ?
Answer: atoms
Question: According to Vaisesika what is divisible into atoms?
Answer: composite
Question: What form are atoms in Vaisesika?
Answer: invisible
Question: How many realities are there?
Question: What does Vaisesika teach is able to be destroyed?
Question: What is not a function of atoms?
Question: What is the name of a substance's special dimension?
Question: What are atoms divided into?
Question: What school of thought is closest to Vaisesika school?
Answer: Nyāya
Question: What does Nyaya say causes human suffering?
Answer: mistakes/defects
Question: What state is achieved through knowledge?
Answer: Moksha
Question: What is moksha in Hindu philosophy?
Answer: liberation
Question: Besides ignorance, what does false knowledge include in Nyaya?
Answer: delusion
Question: What school is Nyaya most dissimilar to?
Question: What is Nyaya uninterested in?
Question: What are practitioners of Vaisesika called?
Question: What is merely ignorance in Nyaya?
Question: What philosophy produces human suffering?
Question: How many ways does the Mimamsa separate into subschools?
Answer: several
Question: How many ways does the Prabhakara subschool of Mimamsa say there are to gain knowledge?
Answer: five
Question: How is pratyaksa defined in the Prabhakara subschool?
Answer: perception
Question: What is the word for inference in the Prabhakara subschool?
Answer: anumāṇa