huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: How does the Canada Revenue Agency decide who can have a charitable status?
Answer: a common law test to its stated objects and activities
Question: What kinds of assets must the NPO spend in order to keep it's charitable status?
Answer: cash, investments and fixed assets
Question: How do donors keep their assets?
Question: What is the CRA allowed to issue to donors?
Question: How do fixed assets determine an NPO's status?
Question: What are donors required to spend in Canada?
Question: What test must be taken for a NPO to keep its status?
Question: What can a tax certificate issued by a South Africian NPO be used for?
Answer: a tax deduction by the donor
Question: Where are South Africian NPOs registered?
Answer: Companies and Intellectual Property Commission as Nonprofit Companies (NPCs)
Question: Who keeps track of the trusts of South Africian NPOs?
Answer: Master of the High Court
Question: Who would a South Africian NPO register with if they were a voluntary organization?
Answer: South Africa Revenue Services "SARS"
Question: What does Master of the High Court issue to donors?
Question: What group must all donors be registered with?
Question: What can a tax certificate be used for when requested by the Master of the High Court?
Question: What are trusts able to voluntarily register with?
Question: Who can use a tax certificate when its issued by the Master of the High Court?
Question: What is the definition of a charity?
Answer: nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances
Question: Where are charity organizations registered in England and Wales?
Answer: Charity Commission
Question: Where would an NPO or charity organization register in Scotland?
Answer: Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator
Question: What is one of the contraints of an NPO with regards to assets?
Answer: generally not allowed to pay its Trustees
Question: Is a trade union governed by the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator?
Answer: not regarded as "charities" in the technical sense
Question: What is the definition of a trade union?
Question: Where are trade unions registered in England and Wales?
Question: Where are trade unions registered in Scotland?
Question: Who is the Charity Commission not allowed to pay?
Question: What are trustees subject to that other groups aren't?
Question: How does a US NPO apply for tax exempt status?
Answer: applying to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Question: What are some things the IRS looks at in a charity applying for tax exempt status?
Answer: purpose, limitations on spending, and internal safeguards for a charity
Question: Does this tax exempt status apply to other taxes?
Answer: must pay federal tax on income that is unrelated to their exempt purpose
Question: What happens if an NPO does not abide by the tax laws?
Answer: losing its tax exempt status
Question: Who has the final say on whether or not an NPO is granted tax exempt status?
Answer: Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Question: What can a nonprofit do after it pays employment taxes?
Question: How does a nonprofit ensure limits on spending?
Question: What exists for limited types of deductibility purposes?
Question: What conditions must an authorization letter meet to show income?
Question: What type of tax can a company that is federally formed be exempt from?
Question: What can states or cities offer to NPOs?
Answer: exemptions from other taxes such as sales tax or property tax
Question: What form must an NPO make available to the public?
Answer: 990 forms
Question: Are the state requirements to be tax exempt the same as the Federal requirements?
Answer: generally have separate applications and their requirements may differ from the IRS requirements
Question: What financial form must be filed with both the state and federal governments each year?
Answer: IRS Form 990
Question: What is one example of an NPO in the United States?
Answer: Project Vote Smart
Question: What must a company file if they pay sales tax?
Question: At what level does a company need to file if they pay sales tax?
Question: What does paying property tax not guarantee?
Question: What does a company need to use to show payment of sales tax?
Question: What must IRS 990 forms be available for?
Question: Who does the board hire to help with running the organization?
Answer: executive director
Question: How is the board of directors most often chosen?
Answer: self-perpetuating
Question: How is a board of directors less commonly chosen?
Answer: elected by a membership
Question: Where, on Form 990, does an organization have to list what type of board they have?
Answer: Part VI, section A, question 7a
Question: What does the executive director have ultimate control of?
Question: How is the executive director commonly elected?
Question: What do board members do when they have an executive director?
Question: What is the job status of an executive director?
Question: Where does the executive director need to list what type of board the organization has?
Question: What are ways that a charitable foundation receives money for it's cause?
Answer: government funds, grants from charitable foundations, direct donations
Question: What type of funding do charitable organizations typically rely on?
Answer: external funding
Question: What are some problems that affect employee retention and volunteers?
Answer: unreliable funding, long hours and low pay
Question: What legislation did the US introduce to try and help the NPOs?
Answer: Nonprofit Capacity Building Program
Question: When was the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act adopted?
Answer: 2010
Question: Who is external funding an ongoing problem for?
Question: What problem did NPO's have in 2010?
Question: What are some things that affect government funds and grants?
Question: What did organizations take part in proposing in 2009?
Question: What are two areas that experience problems when Community Solutions has a change in funding?
Question: What is the biggest concern of non-profits in Australia?
Answer: a purpose relating to a public good
Question: When was the Commonwealth Aboriginal Councils and Associations Act adopted?
Answer: 1976
Question: When was the Associations Incorporation Act adopted?
Answer: 1985
Question: What does the Associations Incorporation Act cover?
Answer: incorporated association
Question: Who covers incorporated associations or councils?
Answer: Commonwealth Aboriginal Councils and Associations Act
Question: What are the Commonwealth Aboriginal Councils most concerned with?
Question: What are health services not bound to since 1976?
Question: In what year was the Commonwealth Aboriginal Council formed?
Question: What can the employment industry in Australia choose from depending on their needs?
Question: What are religious groups considered by the Aboriginal Council?
Question: What kind of marketing budgets do NPOs usually have?
Answer: minimal or nonexistent
Question: Why is marketing harder for NPOs?
Answer: taboo word that NPOs or others don't like to associate with such community benefit organizations
Question: What does an NPO need to have in order to begin thinking about expansion or rebranding?
Answer: an outreach strategy which includes a financial plan to execute that outreach/marketing strategy
Question: What is a moer low-key way that NPOs can get access to marketing and word of mouth?
Answer: leverage their access to various community stakeholders to get their name and cause recognized by the public
Question: What do financial plans make it hard to create?
Question: What is strategy considered in many cases by NPO's?
Question: What is the status of NPO's financial plans usually?
Question: What do NPO's use to have their financial plan be recognized by stakeholders?
Question: What do stakeholders use to implement a marketing strategy?
Question: What is a major hurdle of the financial aspect of an NPO?
Answer: Resource mismanagement
Question: How is resource mismanagement allowed to happen so easily?
Answer: employees are not accountable to anybody with a direct stake in the organization
Question: How can an NPO help to prevent financial problems?
Answer: strict controls
Question: What can constitute accounting fraud when nothing is recorded?
Answer: Liabilities promised on the full faith and credit of the organization
Question: What can a large influx of money from a for-profit company do to an organization?
Answer: alter the NPO's functions
Question: Why is making employees happy a problem with NPO's?
Question: What can an employee do with the organization's reputation without disclosing donors?
Question: What are three ways a commentator is rewarded?
Question: How can a for-profit organization prevent financial problems?
Question: What can large corporations attracting donors do to a NPO?
Question: What problems with employment do Non Profits face?
Answer: Competition for employees with the public and private sector
Question: What are positions that employees really want, but there are never enough of?
Answer: management
Question: How important do NPOs consider hiring?
Answer: secondary priority
Question: What is a primary interest to prospective NPO employees?
Answer: wage and benefits package
Question: How do employees that are no longer with NPOs feel about the time that they worked there?
Answer: stressful work environments and implacable work that drove them away
Question: What is another problem public sector competitors face?
Question: In what area does the public sector need employees?
Question: What kind of shortage is there in public companies today?
Question: What kind of priority do NPO's give to changing stressful work environments?
Question: What problems do public sector competitors have that drive away workers?
Question: What can the public and private sector offer employers that NPOs usually cannot?
Answer: higher wages, more comprehensive benefit packages, or less tedious work
Question: What types of employees do NPOs usually attract?
Answer: mission-driven individuals who want to assist their chosen cause
Question: What is something that causes a huge problem with employment in NPOs?
Answer: do not operate in a manner similar to most businesses, or only seasonally
Question: Where are young grads looking for that NPOs?
Answer: more stable employment
Question: What do NPO's have to offer employees that is better than the public sector?
Question: What have NPO's enjoyed an advantage in over the public and private sector?
Question: What kind of employee does the private sector attract?
Question: What are operational issues that the private sector has that hurts hiring?
Question: Where to many young employees choose to look for instead of private employment?
Question: Can Npos match the wages of public and private sector employers?
Answer: will never be able to match the pay
Question: What should NPOs focus on offering employees instead of high wages?
Answer: benefits packages, incentives and implementing pleasurable work environments
Question: What is better than having high pay at an NPO?
Answer: Pleasurable work conditions
Question: How much should an NPO pay employees?
Answer: as much as they are able
Question: What are other incentives that NPO emplotees can be offered instead of higher wages?
Answer: generous vacation allowances or flexible work hours
Question: What benefits should the private sector focus on offering?
Question: What benefit is voted higher than flexible hours and vacation?
Question: How much are private companies encouraged to pay?
Question: What type of environment do private sector workers look for?
Question: What will the private sector never be able to match compared to NPO's
Question: What is one of the wealthiest nonprofit organizations in America?
Answer: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Question: What NPO was origionally funded by Hughes Aircraft?
Answer: Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Question: How much is the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation worth?
Answer: US$38 billion
Question: How much is the Howard Hughes Medical Institute worth?
Answer: $14.8 billion
Question: What is one of the largest NPOs outside of the United States?
Answer: British Wellcome Trust
Question: What is one of the wealthiest university endowments in the US?
Question: What group was funded by the British Wellcome Trust before divestiture?
Question: What is the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation considered by British usage?
Question: What is the Howard Hughes university funded by the British Wellcome Trust, worth?
Question: What was the British Welcome Trust originally funded by?
Question: What is a well known NPO that helps people from low incomes become homeowners?
Answer: Habitat for Humanity
Question: What is a international NPO that works on local levels to help communities thrive?
Answer: Rotary International
Question: What is a national charite that helps to bring food and health care to low income families?
Answer: United Way
Question: Which NPO is on the fore front of help when national disasters strike?
Answer: Red Cross and Red Crescent
Question: Which organization is a leader in promoting nature and preserving the enviornment?
Answer: World Wide Fund for Nature
Question: What has happened to Teach for America now that its non functional?
Question: What charity brings food and health care to mine cleaners?
Question: Which groups help UNESCO with management?
Question: Which fund helps OXFAM provide donations to families?
Question: What group helps German mine cleaners fix homes?
Question: What does .org on a URL mean?
Answer: organizations that didn't fit anywhere else
Question: Are only NPOs allowed to use .org?
Answer: not designated specifically for charitable organizations or any specific organizational or tax-law status
Question: What is included in the list of organizations allowed to use .org?
Answer: encompasses anything that is not classifiable as another category
Question: Is there an agency that decides if someone is using the domain designation incorrectly?
Answer: Currently, no restrictions are enforced on registration of .com or .org
Question: What new domain designation should a museum use?
Answer: .museum
Question: What does tld in a URL mean?
Question: What group is .org designated specifically for?
Question: What other groups fit into the domain tld?
Question: What restrictions are there enforced on tld?
Question: What can governments register by in their country?
Question: What type of language has it been suggested that NPOs should begin to get away from?
Answer: "non" words
Question: What type of language are organizations being directed towards?
Answer: new, positive-sounding terminology
Question: What is a new term for NPOs that has started to see more use?
Answer: civil society organization
Question: What is a term being used for organizations that are for the citizens, by the citizens?
Answer: citizen sector organization
Question: What would a group like Crowdfund, GoFundMe or Kickstarter possibly belong to?
Answer: Social Benefit Organization
Question: What do some innovators want to be defined by instead of non-words?
Question: What type of descriptive definition confuses the Study of Global Governance?
Question: What term does Ashoka: Innovators for the Public support as more broadly used?
Question: How do these non words describe business capabilities and limitations?
Question: What might the new terminology used confuse advocates about?
Question: What two key elements that distinguish literature as a written form of art?
Answer: deemed to have artistic or intellectual value
Question: What are two major divisions of literature?
Answer: fiction or non-fiction
Question: Besides this major division, what are two other sub-divisions to describe literature?
Answer: poetry or prose
Question: Prose literature can be sub-divided into what formats?
Answer: the novel, short story or drama
Question: What words are the Latin roots of the word "literature?"
Answer: literatura/litteratura
Question: What are the two Greek roots for "literature?"
Question: What are two major divisions of English?
Question: What does art consist of?
Question: What is it called when literature often uses different languages?
Question: What is the Italian concept of cultura?
Question: What is it called when works are not categorized by historical periods?
Question: Other than novella, what is the other subdivisions of prose literature?
Question: What is literature as written productions always restricted to?
Question: What is the Roman root for "literature?"
Question: What is the Latin concept of cultura?
Question: Besides historical genres, how are works often categorized?
Question: The changing nature of the meaning of the term "literature" can be described as what?
Answer: a "culturally relative definition"
Question: In Western Europe until the 1700s, literature was a term used to describe what?
Answer: all books and writing
Question: During what literary movement did the definition of literature begin to narrow?
Answer: the Romantic period
Question: During that 18th century period, literature began to be applied how?
Answer: it began to demarcate "imaginative" literature
Question: What term has a "socially relative definition?"
Question: Prior to the seventeenth century, literature as a term included what too things?
Question: During what period did a more broad sense of the "literature" emerge?
Question: In Eastern Europe, literature included all books and what else?
Question: What do social studies take as its subject and analysis?
Question: Due to the unvarying definition of literature, what can the term "literature' be described as?
Question: What did literature refer to in Eastern Europe prior to the eighteenth century?
Question: What period brought a term that was more unrestricted to describe literature?
Question: What do social studies take as its subjects of analysis?
Question: What has been the result of modern debates over what constitutes literature?
Question: What is literature referred to because definitions have varied very little over time?
Question: What did "literature" include in Western Europe prior to the seventeenth century?
Question: When did a more unrestricted sense of the term "literature" emerge?
Question: What does cultural studies take as its only subjects of analysis?
Question: What is the main component of the qualitative judgment definition of literature?
Answer: writing that possesses high quality or distinction
Question: What French term for value-based literature literally translates as "fine writing?"
Answer: belles-lettres
Question: Encyclopedia Britannica defined literature in its 1911 editions how?
Answer: "the best expression of the best thought reduced to writing."
Question: What effect does the evolving definition of literature have?
Answer: anything which is universally regarded as literature has the potential to be excluded
Question: What is the meaning of the Spanish term, "belles-lettres?"
Question: How does the Encyclopedia Britannia Tenth Edition classify literature?
Question: Value-decisions can do what over time?
Question: What years does the Encyclopedia Brittanica Tenth Edition cover?
Question: What forms part of the so-called belles-lettres law?
Question: What Italian term means "fine writing?"
Question: How does the 1901 Encyclopedia Britannica define "literature?"
Question: In what way can value-judgments not change?
Question: Which edition of the World Book Encyclopedia uses the value judgment definition of "literature?"
Question: When was the definition of value judgement first used?
Question: What tradition does the value judgement definition form all of?
Question: What year was the Eleventh Edition of Encyclopedia Britannica written?
Question: How often do value-judgments change?
Question: A definition of literature that incorporates style and the poetic nature of prose is what?
Answer: formalist
Question: What is one example of writing that the formalist definition distinguishes literature from?
Answer: journalism
Question: What element of the formalist definition makes it difficult to apply?
Answer: "ordinary language"
Question: What part of ordinary language makes it difficult to apply the formalist definition?
Answer: an unstable category, differing according to social categories and across history
Question: The formalist definition when applied to industry writing allows it to be called literature when it does what?
Answer: must use language according to particular standards
Question: What does the normalist definition of "literature" say distinguishes it from ordinary speech?
Question: The term referring to unpublished material in a particular field includes what type of literature as one example?
Question: Tim Meyer says scientific literature, for example, must use what?
Question: Ordinary language is an unstable category that is the same according to what?
Question: What is the problem Jim Meyer states with the formalist definition?
Question: What does the formalistic definition of literature state?
Question: What is one type of writing not included in the formalistic definition of literature?
Question: What is the difficulty with "ordinary language" according to cultural categories?
Question: What is an example of unpublished material in a certain field?
Question: What is the formalist definition of history?
Question: Jim Meyer considers what term to be useful in explaining scientific literature?
Question: What is "ordinary language" considered according to social history and differing categories?
Question: Poetry is usually differentiated from prose by what factor?
Answer: verse
Question: If prose uses sentences, what is the equivalent in poetry?
Answer: lines
Question: Poetry was considered to need lines and meter until when?
Answer: the nineteenth century
Question: The structure of poetry may have existed before what?
Answer: literacy
Question: What two qualities are used in rhyming literary art?
Question: How has poetry been non-traditionally distinguished from prose?
Question: Prior to the eighteenth century, poetry was commonly understood to be what?
Question: In 1657, what was the definition used for "poetry?"
Question: Poetry constitutes the second earliest example of literature and was sustained how?
Question: What is a type of lyric art that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities?
Question: What has non-traditionally been the distinguishing factor between poetry and prose?
Question: How was poetry set prior to the eighteenth century?
Question: What is the 1558 definition of poetry?
Question: What is poetry the latest example of?
Question: What qualities does prosaic use to evoke meanings?
Question: What is prose cast in if poetry is cast in sentences?
Question: What is the 1568 definition of poetry?
Question: Until when was prose considered to need metrical lines?
Question: What has poetry been confirmed to pre-date?
Question: Drama is sometimes blended with what other elements?
Answer: music and dance
Question: What are two types of drama that incorporate music or dance?
Answer: opera and musical theatre
Question: Drama meant to be performed in a theater is what?
Answer: A play
Question: What do we call the author of a play?
Answer: a playwright
Question: Drama is literature that is not intended for what?
Question: Poetry is often combined with music and dance, as in what two things?
Question: Nearly all drama took prose form until what general time frame?
Question: What is comprised chiefly of dialogue between two characters?
Question: A closet drama refers to a a play written to be sang instead of what?
Question: What is literature not intended for performance?
Question: What is the oral dramatic work of a playwright called?
Question: What does a closest drama refer to?
Question: Until when did very little drama take verse form?
Question: What forms of drama combine with music and motion?
Question: Until when did all musical theater take verse form?
Question: What is the composer of an opera called?
Question: What is a closet drama a subset of?
Question: Tragedy was a dramatic style that evolved from what?
Answer: performance associated with religious and civic festivals
Question: A tragedy typically involved what subject matter?
Answer: historical or mythological themes
Question: What media was the play War Of The Worlds written for?
Answer: radio
Question: In what year was War Of The Worlds originally presented?
Answer: 1938
Question: The earliest form of drama we know about is from the Roman and what other culture?
Question: Tragedy was a style that developed and evolved from performances associated with nonreligious festivals and what other type of festival?
Question: War of the Worlds, written in 1838, was written for what medium?
Question: Many works of tragedy have been adapted for what?
Question: Television, film, and podcast literature have been adapted to what?
Question: The latest form of drama we are aware of is from what culture?
Question: What genre emerged from performances associated with nonreligious and civic festivals?
Question: Comedies generally present what type of themes?
Question: What was written for radio broadcast in 1838?
Question: What have many works of horror been adapted for?
Question: What was broadcast on radio in 1983?
Question: What is the genre associated with religious themes and mythological festivals?
Question: When was War of the Worlds originally written?
Question: Literature, regardless of how the definition is applied, can be interpreted as what?
Answer: written records
Question: We can learn what by carefully examining our literature?
Answer: our history
Question: Who wrote "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage: Canto I"?
Answer: Lord Byron
Question: Passing information down through generations was made easier when our society did what?
Answer: once we began to write it down
Question: Authors of literature frequently reference what antecedents?
Answer: Greek mythology and other old religious texts or historical moments
Question: Literature in most forms can be seen as what?
Question: The plot is only for what purpose?
Question: What do authors also reference besides Roman mythology?
Question: What did Lord Bryon write?
Question: In "Childe Harold's Pilgimage: Cano I," Lord Byron talks about the Portuguese and what other groups?
Question: What can be seen as written logs?
Question: Besides entertainment and philosophy, what information is in a plot?
Question: In what type of literature do authors make reference to Roman mythology and other old texts?
Question: Who talks about the Spanish and Portuguese in "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage: Canto I?"
Question: Who is the main character in "Childe Harold's: Canto I?"
Question: What do we learn about from studying and analyzing history?
Question: Who wrote Childe Harold?
Question: Who does Lord Bryon talk about besides the Greek and Spanish in "Childe Harold's Pilgrimige: Canto I?"
Question: What are we able to continuously able to uncover new information about through history?
Question: What are some classical societies whose literature is still studied today?
Answer: Ancient China, Ancient India, Persia and Ancient Greece and Rome
Question: Besides entertainment or informational value, classic literature also possessed what quality?
Answer: a covert moral or didactic purpose
Question: What societal evolution helped to develop drama and satire by providing a ready audience?
Answer: urban culture
Question: From what settings did lyric poetry derive?
Answer: courts and aristocratic circles
Question: What is an example of a collection of classic Chinese lyric poetry?
Answer: the Shijing or Book of Songs
Question: Literature from Ancient China, Cambodia, Ancient India, Persia and what other two societies are still studied today?
Question: Two works that had either overt moral or didactic purpose are what?
Question: What genres developed as rural culture grew and provided a larger audience?
Question: Epic poetry was a specialty of what?
Question: In West Asia, songs were collected by what people as poems?
Question: What did academies provide when a more suburban culture developed?
Question: Besides Ancient Japan, what classical societies have literature that is still studied today?
Question: What genres developed as suburban culture provided a bigger audience?
Question: Who collected songs as poems from West Asia?
Question: What was epic poetry the specialty of?
Question: What did urban culture provide that helped poetry and satire?
Question: What were poems in East Asia collected as?
Question: Who collected songs in Ancient Asia?
Question: Subjects featured in Ancient Chinese literature include what?
Answer: philosophy, historiography, military science, agriculture, and poetry
Question: What two inventions helped make Chinese literature especially important and portable?
Answer: modern paper making and woodblock printing
Question: What historic period was the foundry for classic Chinese literature in the ancient world?
Answer: the Hundred Schools of Thought period
Question: What classic work of war science originated during this period?
Answer: The Art of War
Question: Who wrote The Art Of War?
Answer: Sun Tzu
Question: The early literature of ancient China was primarily focused on psychology, historiography, philosophy, and what other three things?
Question: Japan is the origin of modern paper making and what type of printing?
Question: The Western Zhou Dynasty was present during what years?
Question: Ancient Chinese literature placed little emphasis on historiography, which had detailed what?
Question: What was complied in 388 BCE?
Question: What was early literature focused on in ancient Asia?
Question: What country is the origin of primitive paper making and woodblock printing?
Question: What do the years 759-259 BCE mark the existence of?
Question: What did Ancient Asian literature put heavy emphasis on?
Question: What was compiled no later than 289 BCE?
Question: What period occurred from 796-896 BCE?
Question: What genre is Sima Qian's The Art of War?
Question: What genre is Sun Tzu's Record of the Grand Historian?
Question: What literature had a heavy emphasis on philosophy with very detailed court records?
Question: What year was the Zuo Zhuan written and released?
Question: What were some different genres that emerged from ancient India's oral literary traditions?
Answer: drama, fables, sutras and epic poetry
Question: An important language for ancient Indian literature is what?
Answer: Sanskrit
Question: What ancient religious scriptures were among the first examples of Indian literature?
Answer: The Vedas
Question: The Vedic Period refers to what expanse of time?
Answer: the mid 2nd to mid 1st millennium BCE
Question: The Vedic Period began in the Late Bronze Age and extended until when?
Answer: the Iron Age
Question: Sanskrit literature begins with what that dates back to 1300-1100 BCE?
Question: The early genres of Ancient India included drama, tragedy, fables, and what other two genres?
Question: What literature follows the Vedas in Iron Range India?
Question: The Vedic period spans the mid 3rd to mid 1st millennium BCE, also known as what?
Question: The time between the 6th and 5th centuries BC saw the composition and redaction of what?
Question: How did literature originate in ancient China?
Question: What does Sanskrit literature end with?
Question: What dates to 1530-1030 BCE?
Question: When does the redirection of the Samhitas date to?
Question: What dates back to the years 1005-100 BCE?
Question: What dates to c. 1000-1500 BCE?
Question: What period spans the late 2nd to mid 1st millennium BCE?
Question: What did the period between the 2nd and 1st centuries BC see?
Question: What two epic narratives were written by Homer?
Answer: the Iliad and the Odyssey
Question: Who wrote Works and Days and Theogony?
Answer: Hesiod
Question: Plato and Aristotle wrote what type of literature?
Answer: philosophical texts
Question: Who were two important Classic Greek lyric poets?
Answer: Sappho and Pindar
Question: The two great ancient Greek historians were?
Answer: Herodotus and Thucydides
Question: In ancient Rome, Homer wrote what two epics?
Question: Modern Greek genres include philosophy, poetry, and what other three genres?
Question: Plato and Socrates authored what?
Question: The three Roman authors whose plays still exist are who?
Question: Which playwright  provided the only real examples of the genre of New Comedy?
Question: What two epics did Homer write in ancient Rome?
Question: Who wrote Works end Days and Theology?
Question: What types of texts did Plato and Socrates author?
Question: Who were two early Roman historians?
Question: Whose plays give examples of New Comedy?
Question: Who wrote both the Iliad and Theogony?
Question: What type of texts did Plato and Sappho author that were so important to the West?
Question: What Westerners were influential lyric poets?
Question: What still exists written by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Plato?
Question: What form of literature enjoyed the most widespread popularity during the Middle Ages?
Answer: the romance
Question: What element is characteristic of a medieval romance?
Answer: an adventurous and sometimes magical narrative
Question: What helped cause the widespread appearance of multiple forms of literature in the Renaissance?
Answer: the invention of printing
Question: What is an early example of the novel form of literature from Europe?
Answer: the German Faust books
Question: Greek classic literature influenced what genre of literature?
Question: What genre was the most characteristic form of the Bronze Ages?
Question: What literature proliferated during the Revival?
Question: Modern romance developed into what type of narrative?
Question: What are two late important examples of the novel?
Question: What type of literature did Greek culture influenced?
Question: What form of literature had limited popularity during the Middle Ages?
Question: What types of literature emerged during the Revival?
Question: What is an early example of the novel from Russia?
Question: What proliferated during the Middle Ages as a result of the printing invention?
Question: What is German Monkey an important example of?
Question: What is the Chinese Faust books an example of?
Question: What literary movement in the 1700s recalled the fantastical literature of medieval times?
Answer: Romanticism
Question: What elements in 19th century European literature were a reaction to the romanticism movement?
Answer: realism and naturalism
Question: What are two elements prevalent among characters at the center of romanticism works?
Answer: individual experience and emotion
Question: How did naturalism effect the greater world?
Answer: influenced social and political change
Question: 20th century literature reacted to the objectivity of naturalism in the 19th century to what?
Answer: the subjective
Question: What literary genre exploded in thee early 18th century?
Question: As the 18th century went on, European fiction evolved toward what?
Question: What did realism influence prior to the 20th century?
Question: What did 21st century fiction and drama move back toward?
Question: Proust, Eliot, Joy, Kafka and Pirand examplified what trend?
Question: What happened during the Age of Reasoning?
Question: During the 18th century, what did European fiction evolve toward?
Question: What effect did 20th century fiction and tragedy have on the world?
Question: What was the reaction to the Age of Reason in the later 19th century?
Question: In the 18th century, what did European fiction evolve toward?
Question: What did 20th century realism and drama move back toward?
Question: Which writers documented the external rather than the internal?
Question: What sub-group of literature emerged in the 20th century?
Answer: Genre fiction
Question: Alternative reality genre fiction is also known as what?
Answer: science fiction
Question: Who were two 20th century writers who blurred the lines between journalism and literature?
Answer: William Burroughs, in his early works, and Hunter S. Thompson
Question: By what means did these two writers create and emergent convergence of literature and journalism?
Answer: strong subjective statements
Question: Critics based in what movement find fault in objective realism?
Answer: post-modern
Question: What sub-group of literature emerged in the 21st century?
Question: Hunter S. Thompson expanded what after the first World War?
Question: Pre-modern critics have done what regarding the idea of objective realism?
Question: William Burroughs continued to define the lines between literature and what?
Question: Alternative fantasies are also know as what?
Question: What two writers defined the lines between journalism and literature?
Question: What genre of fiction developed in the 21st century?
Question: What genre does skeptical realities and alternative detective refer to?
Question: What idea have modern critics disparaged?
Question: What are William Thompson and Hunter S. Burroughs known for?
Question: Who has disparaged the idea of objective journalism?
Question: What major form of literature appeared in the 20th century?
Question: What is skeptical detective fiction also known as?
Question: What two elements have reduced the literary nature of scientific journals?
Answer: advances and specialization
Question: The segregation of science writing means that articles in those subjects primarily appear where?
Answer: journals
Question: The work of what classical scientists is caught between being outdated and of literary importance?
Answer: Aristotle, Copernicus, and Newton
Question: In what coursework is one still likely to encounter the works of these classic scientists?
Answer: "history of science" programmes
Question: The literary nature of science writing has become more pronounced during what time period?
Question: The science of Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton no longer serve for scientific instruction why?
Question: Students often read classical scientists outside what programmes?
Question: What has made new scientific research accessible to most audiences?
Question: What do students rarely study outside programmes of literary study?
Question: What are too technical to sit well in "history of science" programs?
Question: The scientific works of which scientists are still studied regularly?
Question: Most serious studies in philosophy are segregated to what publications?
Answer: academic journals
Question: Who are some of the most important philosophers in history?
Answer: Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Augustine, Descartes, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche
Question: What aspect of modern academic philosophy is less literary than technical in nature?
Answer: logic
Question: Serious studies in logic tend to resemble what discipline, moreso than literature?
Answer: mathematics
Question: Psychology has become what?
Question: Most new pychologic work appears where?
Question: Besides Plato, Achilles, Socrates, and Augustine, who are other noted major philosophers in history?
Question: What is considered more literary and less technical?
Question: Who are the major practitioners through history?
Question: What have recent literature works argued to the merit the title of?
Question: Logic is technical and similar to what field of study?
Question: How does literary fiction aid the person who reads it?
Answer: It benefits the psychological development and understanding
Question: What writer's entry in "The English Journal" was concerned with young adult fiction?
Answer: D. Mitchell
Question: Why did this author embrace young adult literature as a grownup?
Answer: to re-experience the emotional psychology she experienced as a child
Question: How did the writer refer to this psychological state experienced as a youth?
Answer: “wonder”
Question: What gives readers access to physical aspects of a character?
Question: D. Michael wrote an entry about young adult fiction in what publication?
Question: Accessing emotional aspects of a character benefits the philosophical development and what else?
Question: What did D. Michael explain in "The English Journal?"
Question: Who wrote an entry in "The Journal English?"
Question: Who utilized adult literature to access an emotional experience?
Question: How does literature benefit emotional states?
Question: How does literature expand the horizons of its readers?
Answer: allows readers to access cultural aspects that they are not exposed to
Question: What determines what literary structure a literary author uses for expression of ideas?
Answer: what psychological emotion he or she is attempting to describe
Question: What are the levers an author uses in literature to describe a psychological emotion?
Answer: literary devices
Question: Logan says what two things explain what a person devotes to understanding a character's situation?
Question: How does literature unite small communities?
Question: What do readers access that provokes new physical experiences?
Question: Authors choose literary devices based on what philosophical emotion they are trying to what?
Question: Who explains that literature is a valid study of emotion because it unites a large community?
Question: What do characters choose literary device according to?
Question: In what way are certain cultural devices more effective than others?
Question: The theory states that at the center of humans beings is what?
Answer: a nature within them that demonstrates their true “self”
Question: The theory suggests that the quest for this nature represents what?
Answer: the reason for living
Question: What causes a person to become separated from their "true self"?
Answer: neurological development
Question: What author espoused the theory of the "pristine unconscious?"
Answer: D.H Lawrence
Question: Who came up with the "Fourth Force Psychology Theory?'
Question: What does the Law suggest about human beings?
Question: Who says that D.H. Lawrence's "pristine unconscious" is a metaphor for the fake self?"
Question: It is said that literature is not a reputable tool to allow readers to do what?
Question: Who is responsible for "Fourth Force Psychology and the Study of Literature?"
Question: Who wrote "Third Force Theory?"
Question: Who wrote "Third Force Psychology Theory and the Study of Literature?"
Question: What does literature as a critical tool allow readers to do?
Question: What does the theory suggest characters possess?
Question: Reporting that attempts a creative or literary bent is sometimes called what?
Answer: literary journalism
Question: What is the main function of journalism or historical documentation?
Answer: to record data or convey immediate information
Question: Who are some classic historians regarded as literary historians?
Answer: Herodotus, Thucydides and Procopius
Question: A small portion of historical writings are considered what?
Question: What genres of modern writing rank as literature?
Question: Three main literary historians include Hercules, Thucydides, and who else?
Question: The secondary functions of historical documentations are what?
Question: What does a significant amount of literature rank as?
Question: Who are the major utilitarian historians?
Question: What is the primary purpose of creative fiction?
Question: What religious scripture can be fit into a large, loose definition of legal literature?
Answer: the Bible
Question: Roman civil law was written and codified into a unified system by what group?
Answer: the Corpus Juris Civilis
Question: Under what Emperor did this group sit?
Answer: Justinian I
Question: What empire did Justinian preside over?
Answer: the Byzantine Empire
Question: Harambe of Babylon created what?
Question: Late parts of the Bible could be seen as what?
Question: What was Roman National Law referred to?
Question: Many founding documents are called literature like Supreme Count Briefings and what else?
Question: What location were Plato and Aristotle from?
Question: Who reigned during the Roman Empire?
Question: What was Babylonian civil law codified in?
Question: What does Samuel Dean say law offers?
Question: What is one form of narration in literature?
Answer: first-person
Question: What are two types of narrative structure in literature?
Answer: linear narrative or a nonlinear narrative
Question: Why would an author utilize experimental narratives in literature?
Answer: to surprise the reader
Question: In what type of writing would a more familiar, standard literary narrative structure be employed?
Answer: a conventional murder-mystery novel
Question: Literary techniques are used to disenhance the what of a piece of literature?
Question: Literary techniques cover a slim range of what?
Question: What are examples of poetic technique?
Question: What might the author do to bore the reader?
Question: What do literary techniques specifically accomplish?
Question: Why do all authors experiment with their technique?
Question: What is a familiar structure is an example of?
Question: What was the term used to describe the age in which Ibn Sina created a big body of work?
Answer: the Islamic Golden Age
Question: What is one example of the type of translations done in the Islamic Golden Age?
Answer: Persian
Question: What school translated Greco-Roman texts during the Islamic Golden Age?
Answer: the Kindi school
Question: What was one dynasty that provided a great atmosphere for cultural development?
Answer: the Buyid dynasty
Question: What city was known as a cultural capital of the Islamic world?
Answer: Baghdad
Question: What age was Ibn Sina born in?
Question: What school did Ibn Sina attend?
Question: Who built on Islamic mathmatical systems?
Question: What dynasty supressed cultural development
Question: What city was the cultural capital of the world?
Question: What was the term used to describe the age in which Ibn Sina destroyed a big body of work?
Question: What is one example of the type of translations done in the Muslim Golden Age?
Question: What school translated Greco-Roman texts before the Islamic Golden Age?
Question: What was one dynasty that provided a poor atmosphere for cultural development?
Question: What country was known as a cultural capital of the Islamic world?
Question: Who is another philosopher during this Islamic Golden Age?
Answer: Al-Farabi
Question: What is the name of one library that Avicenna had access to?
Answer: Hamadan
Question: Who was the famous astronomer that Avicenna met before he left Khwarezm?
Answer: Al-Biruni
Question: What text was proof that Avicenna debated philosophy with some of the greatest scholars of the time?
Answer: the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar
Question: Where did the study of all religious texts thrive?
Question: What studies were suppresed by Avicenna's opponents?
Question: who provided methodology and knowledge in theology?
Question: What library did Avicenna found?
Question: Who was the famous astronomer that Avicenna met after leaving Khwarezm?
Question: What was one subject that Avicenna never developed?
Question: Who is another philosopher during this Islamic Silver Age?
Question: What is the name of one library that Avicenna didn't have access to?
Question: Who was the famous astrologer that Avicenna met before he left Khwarezm?
Question: What text was proof that Avicenna debated philosophy with some of the unknown scholars of the time?
Question: What present-day country was Avicenna born in?
Answer: Uzbekistan
Question: What Samanid dynasty capital was Avicenna born near?
Answer: Bukhara
Question: What present-day country is Avicenna's father thought to have come from?
Answer: Afghanistan
Question: What was Avicenna's mother's name?
Answer: Setareh
Question: By what age had Avicenna learned the entire Quran?
Answer: ten
Question: Who was born in the 9th century?
Question: What present day city was the capital of Persia?
Question: What government did Acicenna work in?
Question: What did Avicenna begin to study when he was 10 years old?
Question: What modern city in Eastern Asia was Avicenna born?
Question: What present-day country did Avicenna die in?
Question: What Samanid dynasty capital was Avicenna born far away from?
Question: What olden day country is Avicenna's father thought to have come from?
Question: What was Avicenna's grandmother's name?
Question: By what age had Avicenna learned some of the Quran?
Question: What secret society was Avicenna considered to be a follower of?
Answer: the Brethren of Purity
Question: Who thought that Avicenna was a Brethren of Purity follower?
Answer: Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī
Question: What Islamic denomination was Avicenna thought to be a member of?
Answer: Sunni
Question: Who thought Avicenna was a Shia?
Answer: Nurullah Shushtari
Question: What was the name of one man who thought Avicenna was Sunni?
Answer: Jules J. Janssens
Question: What type of Islamic school did Avicenna invent?