huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: When were the first motorways buried in Thuringia?
Question: When were the two motorways shortened?
Question: When were eight additional roads built?
Question: Which motorway is Thuringia's cheapest?
Question: Where does Thuringia get it's lignite?
Answer: mined in the bordering Leipzig region
Question: How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption carried out?
Answer: carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations
Question: What are Thuringia's most important renewable energy sources?
Answer: Wind power and Biomass
Question: What is Hohenwarte Dam?
Answer: big pumped storage stations
Question: What is Thuringia's new energy supply?
Question: Where does Thuringia steal it's lignite?
Question: How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption forbidden as being?
Question: What are Thuringia's least important renewable energy sources?
Question: What is Hohenwarte Dam never able to become?
Question: Which hospitals are being expanded?
Answer: bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt
Question: Why are there too many hospital beds?
Answer: rationalisation processes in the German health care system
Question: Where is it the most difficult to find a family doctor?
Answer: rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing.
Question: Which hospitals are being demolished?
Question: Why are there no hospital beds?
Question: Where is it the most easy to find a family doctor?
Question: What never close?
Question: For how long have Thuringian children been using the current education system?
Answer: Since the 1950s
Question: When do children graduate from primary school in Thuringia?
Answer: At the age of ten
Question: Who invented the early years education in Thuringia? 
Answer: Friedrich Fröbel
Question: How many years of school do students attend after primary?
Answer: eight years
Question: How long is Thuringian primary school banned?
Question: How long have Thuringian children been outside the current education system?
Question: When do children quit primary school in Thuringia?
Question: Who destroyed the early years education in Thuringia?
Question: How many years of school do students miss after primary?
Question: What is the biggest school in Thuringia?
Answer: The University of Jena
Question: How many universities are there in Thuringia?
Answer: four
Question: How many students attend The University of Erfurt?
Answer: 5,000
Question: What is Germany's leading art school in Thuringia?
Answer: The Bauhaus University Weimar
Question: When was The Bauhaus University Weimar founded?
Answer: 1860
Question: What is the worst school in Thuringia?
Question: How many universities are missing in Thuringia?
Question: How many students boycott The University of Erfurt?
Question: What is Germany's unknown art school in Thuringia?
Question: When was The Bauhaus University Weimar remodeled?
Question: How many students attend the college of music in Thuringia?
Answer: 800
Question: How many schools offer polytechnics?
Answer: Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden
Question: Where is the civil service college of Thuringia restricted?
Question: How many students dislike the college of music in Thuringia?
Question: How many schools forbid polytechnics?
Question: What does not allow studying for technical qualifications?
Question: What is the focus of Thuringia's research center, Jena?
Answer: life sciences and optics
Question: Which universities are known for their historic and cultural aspects?
Answer: Weimar and Gotha
Question: How is most research in Thuringia funded?
Answer: publicly funded
Question:   What is one company that is able to get investments from large companies?
Answer: the optics sector at Jena.
Question: When was Thuringia's first railway built?
Answer: the 1840s
Question: When were most of the branch lines of the railway abandoned? 
Answer: Between 1950 and 2000
Question: When will the new high speed train be open? 
Answer: In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened,
Question: When was Thuringia's worst railway built?
Question: When were most of the branch lines of the railway adopted?
Question: When will the new high speed train be closed?
Question: What is an imaginary railway?
Question: What must a species do in order to be classified as a predator?
Answer: direct impact on the prey population
Question: How would you describe a predator that primarily eats plants?
Answer: herbivory
Question: A predator must do what to the prey after it is killed? 
Answer: absorption of the prey's tissue through consumption
Question: A species that uses a host body to survive and reproduce is classified as a what?
Answer: parasitic species
Question: How would you describe a diet of a species that eats primarily dead organic material? 
Answer: detritivory
Question: What does an herbivore eat?
Answer: plants
Question: Do detritivores have a direct impact on "donor" organisms?
Answer: no
Question: What term is given to an organism that is being hunted?
Answer: prey
Question: What term is given to the biological interaction where a predator feeds upon prey?
Answer: predation
Question: What do detritivores eat?
Answer: dead organic material
Question: What is the key characteristic of predation?
Answer: predator's direct impact on the prey population
Question: What is the definition of a host system?
Question: What does prey eventually do to its predator's tissue in defense?
Question: What is the feeding nature of some prey?
Question: When does a carnivore know when it has a parasite?
Question: What does a detrivore have a direct impact on while its trying to mature?
Question: How many synergetic qualities are there in the predator-prey mechanism? 
Answer: Two factors
Question: Proximity and the ending of life is called? 
Answer: true predation
Question: If the prey is not killed the predator-prey interaction is called? 
Answer: parasitoidism
Question: Instead of what predators eat, how else can they be classified?
Answer: the way in which they eat
Question: Certain death is involved with true predation and what other classification?
Answer: parasitoidism
Question: The study in which ecologists examine the way predators interact with their prey is called what?
Answer: predation
Question: What is one way prey is classified?
Question: Who is involved in classifying different types of prey?
Question: What method is used to keep track of how prey tries to escape their predator?
Question: How many factors are used when studying how prey avoids their predator?
Question: What is the study of how prey evades capture by a predator called?
Question: Name an exemplar of an predator that uses digestion to kill and gain nutrients from it's prey.
Answer: Baleen whales
Question: To be classified as a predator, what action must be performed?
Answer: harm their prey in some way
Question: What requirement must a true predator fulfill?
Answer: kills and eats another living thing
Question: What is different about a true predator?
Answer: Whereas other types of predator all harm their prey in some way, this form kills them
Question: All types of predators do what?
Answer: harm their prey in some way
Question: How do ambush predators hunt?
Answer: sit and wait for prey to approach within striking distance
Question: What do box jellyfish use to hunt their pray?
Answer: venom
Question: What is one thing prey can do if they know a predator is approaching?
Question: What do prey sometimes consume as food?
Question: What do rabbits like to do with their food when foraging?
Question: What do large insects do at night after the sun goes down?
Question: What have cats sometimes been seen doing in the yard of their home?
Question: Prey that can regrow leaves or arms have learned to deal with what?
Answer: browsing pressure
Question: Give an example of an animal that feeds off of other animals for reproduction? 
Answer: mosquitos
Question: Give an example of a predator that specializes in eating autotrophic species
Answer: zooplankton
Question: What is an organism that grazes upon other animals?
Answer: female mosquitos
Question: What is an organism that can regrow lost arms?
Answer: Starfish
Question: Do grazing organisms often kill their prey?
Answer: seldom
Question: How do grass and kelp deal with being grazed upon?
Answer: regrows at the base
Question: What organism can kill their prey by biting?
Question: What does zooplankton gain for its offspring by attaching to a host?
Question: What does zooplankton need to get enough protein to help the development of?
Question: How much of a starfish does phytoplnakton eat when it attaches to it?
Question: What does zooplankton have to cope with when eaten by starfish?
Question: Predator and prey relationships that improve fitness for both species are classified as this type of relationship.
Answer: mutualism
Question: Give an example of an animal that will travel several miles in a single day.
Answer: elephant
Question: What plant associated with kissing during the holidays is also parasitic? 
Answer: mistletoe
Question: How are parasites distiguished from grazers?
Answer: close association with their host species
Question: How many hosts do parasites typically have?
Answer: one or at most a few in their lifetime
Question: How should parasite classification be viewed instead of as four isolated forms?
Answer: a continuum
Question: What does the term symbiosis mean?
Answer: living together
Question: What kind of relationship do grazers have with their host more so than parasites?
Question: Cholera is limited to how many spots to feed in its lifetime?
Question: What is another word for macroscopic?
Question: How many forms are used to classify a single plant?
Question: What is damaged in a mutual relationship?
Question: This species relies on other species to provide a reproductive host for their offspring.
Answer: ichneumon wasps
Question: It is believed that parasitoids account for what percentage of the total insect population? 
Answer: 10%
Question: During a parasitoid-host interaction what will happen to the host?
Answer: death
Question: What is the term given to organisms living and feeding on their host?
Answer: Parasitoids
Question: How many organisms in the insect species are Diptera or Cleoptera parasitoids?
Answer: 10%
Question: Which type of wasp is a well-known example of a parasitoid?
Answer: ichneumon
Question: How do the larvae of the parasitoid wasps kill their prey?
Answer: devouring the internal organs until finally destroying the nervous system
Question: How do caterpillars feed during the day?
Question: What does a caterpillar living on an organism do to the organism?
Question: What kind of relationship to caterpillars have with their host?
Question: How do caterpillars harm their hosts?
Question: What percent of insect species are catepillars?
Question: Predator and prey interactions that involve specialization result in a balance called?
Answer: equilibrium
Question: When a specialized species resorts to foraging and eating other diets, it's like because it's primary food source is?
Answer: scarce
Question: What do specialized predators and prey rely on to get the upper hand? 
Answer: evolution
Question: What are some predators that will kill and eat nearly anything?
Answer: humans, leopards, dogs and alligators
Question: What term is used for predators and prey being well suited to hunt and evade each other?
Answer: evolutionary arms race
Question: What is the purpose of an evolutionary arms race?
Answer: keep the populations of both species in equilibrium
Question: If scavengers' food becomes scarce, they may turn to what type of diet?
Answer: herbivorous
Question: What is there a large degree of among herbivores?
Question: What is an example of a predator that eat only certain prey classes?
Question: What are single prey species always well suited for?
Question: What term describes how predators occasionally switch to a scavenging or herbivorous diet?
Question: When alligators turn to an herbivorous diet what does this action maintain in their habitat?
Question: What is the the strata of predator prey interaction called?
Answer: trophic level
Question: What is the top predator in an environment called? 
Answer: apex predator
Question: When a new apex predator moves into an area this changes. 
Answer: trophic pyramid
Question: What limits the size of a trophic pyramid? 
Answer: energy
Question: Which organisms are known as primary consumers?
Answer: Organisms that feed on autotrophs
Question: What makes an organism a secondary consumer?
Answer: feed on heterotrophs
Question: What is an organism at the top of the food chain called?
Answer: apex predator
Question: How many levels does a predatory pyramid or heirarchy typically climb?
Answer: five or six levels
Question: In what pyramid position is an organism not preyed upon by any other predators?
Answer: the top
Question: By what level is prey classified?
Question: How many levels does the classifying of prey usually go?
Question: What happens to their position when prey is introduced into another habitat?
Question: What is an autotroph called when its on top of the food chain?
Question: What happens when you put autotrophs in an area without prey?
Question: Dead animals that died as a result of natural causes or non-fatal injuries are called?
Answer: carrion
Question: Why are species can be difficult to classify because they?
Answer: eat from multiple levels of the food chain
Question: What are plants that eat both living species and consume sunlight for energy called? 
Answer: Carnivorous plants
Question: What are organisms called that show carnivory and herbivory?
Answer: omnivores
Question: What can make classification of predators problematic when using a food pyramid?
Answer: Many organisms (of which humans are prime examples) eat from multiple levels of the food chain
Question: Why would carnivourous plants be difficult to classify into a food pyramid?
Answer: producing their own food but also digesting anything that they may trap
Question: Would it be easy or difficult to classify organims that eat parasites in a food pyramid?
Answer: difficult
Question: From how many levels of the food chain do parasites usually eat?
Question: What is difficult because parasites eat from more than one food pyramid level?
Question: What are parasites also known as since they eat from more than one level?
Question: What is the nature of the giant panda when its cornered?
Question: What is one thing that giant pandas usually like to eat daily?
Question: Intraguild species consumer other species within?
Answer: the same trophic level
Question: Who proposes the concept of the "survival machine?"
Answer: Richard Dawkins
Question: The argument of the "survival machines" proposes that what two species are competing for the same genes?
Answer: both the predator and prey
Question: Intraguild species may try to consume each other because they are?
Answer: potential competitors
Question: Who described predation by describing competing genes within the predator?
Answer: Richard Dawkins
Question: To what part of the prey does Richard Dawkins refer to as the "survival machine"?
Answer: the body
Question: What are intraguild predators?
Answer: those that kill and eat other predators of different species at the same trophic level
Question: What term is used to decribe predators that prey on their own competition?
Answer: Intraguild
Question: Which version of evolutionary theory is easiest to use when explaining predation as competition?
Answer: gene centered view
Question: What did Richard Dawkins think prey eating each other was a form of?
Question: Why do prey species try to hunt each other?
Question: What is a term that means one prey species eating another?
Question: What is one thing that makes prey faster at hunting for another prey species?
Question: What view helps you understand why prey eat each other?
Question: What is the title of a predator that maintains balance with an ecosystem?
Answer: keystone species
Question: What is the driving force for maintaining an equilibrium within an ecosystem?
Answer: biodiversity
Question: When a keystone species is lost another species might become?
Answer: dominant
Question: What is increased by keeping a single species from being dominant in an ecosystem?
Answer: biodiversity of communities
Question: Predators that prevent others from becoming dominant are called what?
Answer: keystone species
Question: What changes to a keystone predator can seriously affect an ecosystem's equilibrium?
Answer: Introduction or removal of this predator, or changes in its population density
Question: What does one singe species usually prevent a predator from doing?
Question: What are single species also known as?
Question: What influence does one single species have on an ecosystem?
Question: What kind of effect happens when a single species population changes?
Question: What does a single species dominating the area help promote in a community?
Question: What animal's food sources were greatly affected with the loss of wolves in Yellowstone National Park?
Answer: beavers
Question: Broader ecological impacts can occur when an apex predator is removed, in the case of Yellowstone, this includes alteration to the?
Answer: hydrological features
Question: Loose soil from lack of trees along the river bed resulted in?
Answer: channel incision
Question: The removal of what animal from Yellowstonw National Park affected beaver populations?
Answer: wolves
Question: How did the removal of wolves from Yellowstone affect beaver habitats?
Answer: habitat became territory for grazing.
Question: Why were plant populations affected after wolves were eliminated from Yellowstone?
Answer: Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species
Question: How did wolves in Yellowstone help beavers eat well?
Answer: wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from having their food sources encroached upon
Question: What changes happened when herbivores were eliminated in Yellowstone?
Question: Where did beavers keep animals from grazing?
Question: What animals were protected when herbivores were in Yellowstone?
Question: What group was directly affected when herbivores were removed from the park?
Question: What natural features work better when herbivores are present?
Question: At most there are how many step of predator-prey interaction? 
Answer: maximum of four stages
Question: What is the first step of the predator-prey interaction?
Answer: Detection of prey
Question: How does the prey improve their evolutionary abilities through predator-prey interaction? 
Answer: array of adaptations
Question: Who doesn't benefit from the predator-prey interaction? 
Answer: the individuals preyed upon
Question: How many stages can predation be divided into?
Answer: maximum of four stages
Question: What are the four stages of predation?
Answer: Detection of prey, attack, capture and finally consumption
Question: What dilemma has resulted in many predatory adaptations?
Answer: obtain food or avoid being eaten
Question: In predation's four stages, in what stage is consumption?
Answer: final
Question: How many categories can prey be divided into?
Question: What group seems to have changed the most through evoulution?
Question: What term is used to describe how prey evades a predator?
Question: What is the first stage called when prey notices a predator?
Question: What charactheristics help divide prey into four groups?
Question: What term is used for an adaptation that enables species to blend into the background?
Answer: camouflage
Question: Camoflauge consists of what else, in addition to color?
Answer: shape and pattern
Question: Ogranisms use camoflauge to blend with their habitat and what else?
Answer: other organisms
Question: What characteristic helps only prey not be seen?
Question: What else can be used to describe dead leaves besides their color?
Question: What is it a form of when lions can see a single zebra?
Question: What does a praying mantis use to build its home?
Question: What method does a praying mantis use when hunting?
Question: What is the phenomenon where an organism looks like another species called?
Answer: Mimicry
Question: Which organism looks like a bee but cannot sting?
Answer: drone fly
Question: A moth that has markings resembling an owl's eyes is an example of what phenomenon?
Answer: Mimicry
Question: What is a defensive way that mimicry can be used?
Answer: startling the predator and giving it time to escape
Question: How can predators use mimicry?
Answer: to lure their prey
Question: What does a female firefly look like, but isn't able to sting?
Question: What do drone flies copy to attract male fireflies?
Question: What happens when drone flies attract male fireflies?
Question: What do the markings on female fireflies resemble?
Question: Why does a female firefly use the markings on its wings?
Question: Treating the hunt as a cost-benefit scenario is referred to a what?
Answer: optimal foraging theory
Question: In optimal foraging theory, how are costs and benefits measured?
Answer: energy gain per unit time
Question: What benefit do small fish gain when they successfully avoid a predator?
Question: What theory describes how prey fish take advantage of a predator?
Question: How is the behavior of prey fish around an uninterested predator measured?
Question: What cost is involved in evading a predator?
Question: How well do small fish eat when they are in an aquarium?
Question: What hunting style allows chimpanzees to prey upon colobus monkeys?
Answer: Social predation
Question: What is an example of co-coperation between predators of different species?
Answer: humans with the aid of falcons or dogs, or fishing with cormorants
Question: What is a species that does not perform social predation?
Answer: domestic cats)
Question: What are some species that use social predation to prey on animals much larger than themselves?
Answer: Lions, hyenas, wolves, dholes, African wild dogs, and piranhas
Question: What method does a rabbit use to evade a group of predators?
Question: Who aids a rabbit to escape a predator through cooperation?
Question: What do some fish use to kill larger creatures?
Question: What method allows herbivores to attack a group of predators?
Question: What did Harris realize that happens between humans and chimpanzees so they can work together?
Question: Well-fed animals in captivity can become friends with prey animals due to what motivation?
Answer: mutual advantage or fear of reprisal from human masters
Question: Why would cats and dogs potentially become companions in captivity?
Answer: warmth, companionship, and even protection
Question: Captive animals can distinguish co-inhabitats from what other group?
Answer: wild ones outside the area
Question: What kind of relationships to people have in rural areas?
Question: Why is there less crime in rural areas?
Question: How do residents feel about someone harming a person in a rural area?
Question: What are two things neighbors depend on each other for in rural areas?
Question: What can people from rural areas differentiate captive animals from?
Question: What are some predators of the electric eel?
Answer: (anacondas, caimans, egrets, jaguars, mountain lions, giant otters, humans, dogs, and cats
Question: What defense does a zebra have against predators?
Answer: strong kick that can maim or kill
Question: What defenses does a domestic cat have against predators?
Answer: formidable teeth and claws
Question: The electric eel uses electric shock for defense and what other purpose?
Answer: to kill prey
Question: What method is used by giant otters to prevent their prey from attacking them?
Question: What are a few predators of giant otters?
Question: What status does a giant otter keep among other predators?
Question: What does a caiman use to defend itself agains a predator?
Question: What is the favorite food of an electric eel?
Question: Is a species always the antagonist in a mobbing attack, or can it play roles on both sides?
Answer: species can be on both ends of a mobbing attack
Question: Which bird is an example of being both a predator and defender in mobbing attacks?
Answer: Crows
Question: Will birds often mob animals that do not pose a threat?
Answer: On occasion
Question: Crows will cooperate with small birds to drive away what predators?
Answer: hawks or larger mammalian predators
Question: What is an activity usually done by mammalian predators?
Question: What will larger predators do when they see mobbing taking place?
Question: What is one thing hawks do when they see mobbing?
Question: What are hawks often mobbed by when they try to eat their eggs?
Question: What do hawks do when they want to drive away crows?
Question: What scientific term is used to describe  organisms that are brightly colored as a warning to predators?
Answer: Aposematism
Question: Does aposematism benefit only the organism ddirectly, or the entire population as a whole?
Answer: species as a whole
Question: How does aposematism help a species population?
Answer: Upon being harmed (e.g., stung) by their prey, the appearance in such an organism will be remembered as something to avoid
Question: What visual cues are characteristic of aposematism?
Answer: bright, easily recognizable and unique colors and patterns
Question: What term means how predators avoid a dangerous prey?
Question: What do predators use to warn their prey?
Question: What benefit does camoflage give the Variable Checkerspot butterfly?
Question: What group benefits from using camoflage if an organism is killed using it?
Question: How does a predator see a species using camflage as?
Question: Prey that is eaten is simply replaced by anohter when the population is close to what?
Answer: carrying capacity
Question: Predators lower what aspects of their prey?
Answer: survival and fecundity
Question: What does one predator species do for another if its reaching carrying capacity?
Question: What is reduced in a predator species if it reaches carrying capacity?
Question: What do different species of predators do when they encounter each other?
Question: What do different predators sometimes need each other for?
Question: What helps more than one group of predators interact?
Question: What physical disadvantages do humans have against other apex predators?
Answer: speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength
Question: For how long have humans been using stone tools and weapons?
Answer: well over a million years
Question: What are humans' primary competitors?
Answer: other humans
Question: What is one known istance of cannibalism?
Answer: the Donner party
Question: With what species do humans hunt in partnership?
Answer: domestic dog
Question: In what areas do bears have an advantage compared to big cats?
Question: What is one thing bears use to find their prey?
Question: How are bears socially instead of being solitary?
Question: How long have bears existed?
Question: How long have bears been apex predators?
Question: What two apex predators do not have a small population size?
Answer: humans and dogs
Question: Do apex predators generally have a large or small population?
Answer: small
Question: Which principle states that if two species ecologicl niches/ overlap, both species are likely to be in competition with one another?
Answer: competitive exclusion principle
Question: What other factor is relevant to the competitive exclusion principle?
Answer: prey abundance
Question: What are two situations apex predators always live with in the wild?
Question: What kind of population do prey populations usually have?
Question: When two species have a small population, what is likely to happen between them?
Question: What principle states that when two prey species have small populations they will compete with each other?
Question: What is one thing that humans and dogs have that applies to other apex predators?
Question: When a predator hunts too much of its prey, causing both populations to dissappear, the phenomenon is called what?
Answer: coextinction
Question: Are predator's effects on prey easiest to see in the short-term or long-term?
Answer: longer period of time
Question: The rise and fall of predator and prey populations are similar to what, in the US economy?
Answer: boom and bust cycle of economics
Question: When are the effects of economics hard to see?
Question: What is the cycle of complete extinction similar to?
Question: What risk to conservationists encounter when they cause the predator population to dip?
Question: What happens if wildlife conservationists limit prey populations?
Question: What does introducing a new prey species guarantee for the weaker predators?
Question: How can natural predators benefit crops?
Answer: reducing damage to crops, and are one alternative to the use of chemical agents such as pesticides
Question: How are predators beneficial to agriculture?
Answer: controlling pests
Question: If removing an introduced species entirely isn't a posibility, what is the next best outcome?
Answer: keeping its abundance down
Question: Predators are used in conservation to reduce what type of species from the environment?
Answer: introduced species
Question: What is one way pesticides benefit crops?
Question: What is one thing that can happen if you use pesticides?
Question: What is the only thing that is possible when removing pests?
Question: In what area are agricultural pests used for research?
Question: What chemical agent is used to control introduced species?
Question: Captain America, Thor and Ultron all inhabit what fictional milieu?
Answer: Marvel Universe
Question: Fictional placements within this setting are modeled off what?
Answer: real-life cities
Question: Spiderman's fictional city is based off what real American location?
Answer: New York
Question: What Marvel character's stories are set in an area resembling the American Southwest?
Answer: Hulk
Question: Which two groups of Marvel crimefighters are based in a fictional version of New York City?
Answer: the Fantastic Four, the Avengers
Question: Where is the character of Ant-Man based?
Question: Where is Marvel located?
Question: Which super villain lives in the American southwest?
Question: What were many real-life locations based off of?
Question: Which group fought the Fantastic Four in New York City?
Question: What was the original name of Marvel Comics?
Answer: Timely Publications
Question: When was Marvel founded?
Answer: 1939
Question: In what city was Marvel based when it was founded?
Answer: New York City
Question: What was Abraham Goodman's official title when Marvel was founded?
Answer: publisher
Question: When was Martin Goodman born?
Question: What was Timely Publications originally called?
Question: Who created the western pulp genre?
Question: When did Timely Publications become Marvel Comics?
Question: Who decided to rename Timely Publications to Marvel Comics?
Question: What was the cover date on Marvel Comics #1?
Answer: Oct. 1939
Question: Who was Marvel/Timely's first true full-time editor?
Answer: Joe Simon
Question: Besides Simon, who co-created Captain America?
Answer: Jack Kirby
Question: What is the name of the character created by Carl Burgos?
Answer: the Human Torch
Question: In what issue was Namor, The Sub-Mariner introduced?
Answer: Marvel Comics #1
Question: How many copies did the first printing of Marvel Comics #1 sell?
Question: What year did Joe Simon join Timely?
Question: When was Funnies, Inc. founded?
Question: What was Bill Everett's job title?
Question: When did Goodman disband Timely Comics, Inc?
Question: What cartoon humorist did some high profile stories for Marvel in the early years?
Answer: Basil Wolverton
Question: What was the name of the humorous feature penned by Wolverton?
Answer: "Powerhouse Pepper"
Question: What duo of kid-themed characters were featured in early Marvel issues?
Answer: Ziggy Pig and Silly Seal
Question: What early Marvel character may have been envisioned as a female counterpoint to Captain America?
Answer: Miss America
Question: The most popular early Marvel heroes were collectively and colloquially known as what?
Answer: "big three"
Question: Which characters matched the success of the big three?
Question: Who created Miss America?
Question: What cartoon was the Destroyer featured in?
Question: What animal characters were featured in Powerhouse Pepper?
Question: Where do the animal comic characters sometimes continue to appear?
Question: Marvel Comics was part of many entities having what relationship with Timely?
Answer: shell companies
Question: When were all of Goodman's comic entities officially put under the moniker of Marvel Comics?
Answer: 1961
Question: By what other name were some Marvel-related comic books published?
Answer: "A Marvel Magazine"
Question: Under what handle were Marvel's detective fiction comics published?
Answer: Marvel Mystery Comics
Question: When did Goodman begin partnering with shell companies?
Question: What were the biggest danger to Goodman's business strategy?
Question: When were comics first published under the label Marvel Magazine?
Question: When was the first Marvel Mystery Comic published?
Question: What was the first comic to be published after Goodman formally adopted the name Marvel Comics?
Question: Which writer and artist was behind the Sub-Mariner?
Answer: Bill Everett
Question: What was Marvel's major offshoot with Westerns, war stories, and monster comics called?
Answer: Atlas
Question: What was Dan DeCarlo's spooky but humorous comic aimed at kids called?
Answer: Homer the Happy Ghost
Question: DeCarlo also penned a knock-off of what teen comic superstar?
Answer: Archie Andrews
Question: What was the name of DeCarlo's main character in his humorous teen series?
Answer: Homer Hooper
Question: When did Atlas launch?
Question: Who ran Atlas?
Question: When did the Archie Andrews comics run?
Question: What company successfully revived several superheroes?
Question: What was another name for the Human Torch?
Question: Marvel's first team of superheroes was known by what alliterative name?
Answer: The Fantastic Four
Question: What was the issue date when this superhero team debuted?
Answer: Nov. 1961
Question: What Marvel executive helped change the focus of Marvel's stories and characters?
Answer: Stan Lee
Question: What is Marvel's best-selling comic?
Answer: The Amazing Spider-Man
Question: In the Marvel Universe, the public treated conferred what response on the Fantastic Four?
Answer: celebrity status
Question: Who introduced superheroes marketed primarily towards children?
Question: What superhero team used secret identities?
Question: When was Spider-Man launched?
Question: What did most comic superheros focus on that Marvel did not?
Question: What was Marvel's least successful book?
Question: Who joined with Stan Lee in creating the Fantastic Four?
Answer: Jack Kirby
Question: What historic era did the Fantastic Four initially inhabit?
Answer: Cold War
Question: What traditional superhero element did the Fantastic Four initially do without?
Answer: costumes
Question: None of the Fantastic Four had what hidden element so common to other superheroes?
Answer: secret identities
Question: The emphasis on relatable settings and character motivations in Marvel's 1960s comics is called what?
Answer: "superheroes in the real world"
Question: What tradition did Marvel embrace?
Question: What historic era was Marvel trying to eschew?
Question: Who wrote comics that focused on secret identities and costumes?
Question: Choosing to follow comic book tradition and tropes was called what?
Question: What war was Jack Kirby in?
Question: What magazine featured two Marvel Characters in a college campus heroes feature?
Answer: Esquire
Question: What two Marvel characters were part of that campus heroes section?
Answer: Spider-Man and the Hulk
Question: Which publisher is Marvel's biggest rival?
Answer: DC Comics
Question: Writer Geoff Boucher compared DC to what dull 1960s crooner?
Answer: Pat Boone
Question: What two real life persons were also part of the magazine feature alongside fictional Marvel characters?
Answer: John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan
Question: When did Esquire start?
Question: When did Geoff Boucher join Marvel?
Question: Who compared DC comics to the Beatles?
Question: What real-life president was featured in a Spider-Man comic?
Question: Which DC superhero was listed in Esquire's top 28 college campus heroes?
Question: What actual US cities have fictional equivalents in Marvel's comic milieu?
Answer: New York, Los Angeles and Chicago
Question: What Marvel hero is related to a tiny insect?
Answer: Ant-Man
Question: The shared milieu inhabited by all Marvel heroes and villains is known as?
Answer: the Marvel Universe
Question: Which two comic book titles were the precursors to the widening of this overall setting?
Answer: Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four
Question: What fictional universe was Los Angeles based on?
Question: Who was Daredevil's main antagonist?
Question: What city does Black Panther live in?
Question: Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four were published after what comic?
Question: What are the real-life cities New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago called?
Question: What company was distributing Marvel's titles at that point?
Answer: Independent News
Question: To whom was Marvel sold in 1968?
Answer: the Perfect Film and Chemical Corporation
Question: What wholly-owned affiliate of this company did Marvel operate within?
Answer: Magazine Management Company
Question: What distributor took over Marvel's titles in 1969?
Answer: Curtis Circulation Company
Question: How many comic books had Goodman sold by 1968?
Question: In what year did Independent News and Goodman first make their distribution arrangement?
Question: What publishing businesses did Goodman sell besides Marvel Comics?
Question: Who was the founder of the Perfect Film and Chemical Corporation?
Question: Who did Goodman switch distribution to in 1968?
Question: What government agency asked Marvel to do a series of stories to publicize an issue?
Answer: United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Question: What issue was Marvel asked to tackle for this agency?
Answer: drug abuse
Question: What comic book series did stories related to this issue appear in?
Answer: Spider-Man
Question: What industry censorship and standards organization tried to block publication of this series?
Answer: Comics Code Authority
Question: What were the issue dates of the three-episode series on this public health issue?
Answer: May–July 1971
Question: When did the Comics Code Authority request Marvel to do a comic on drug abuse?
Question: Who is the editor-in-chief of the Comics Code Authority?
Question: What self-censorship board approved the controversial Spider-Man comic?
Question: What government-led department refused to approve the Spider-Man story?
Question: During what months did the CCA revise its code?
Question: What situation allowed Marvel to expand into more adult-themed genre stories?
Answer: the updating of the Comics Code
Question: What were two of Marvel's comic heroes in fantasy, swords and magic settings?
Answer: Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja
Question: What waterfowl character had his own satire series of comic books?
Answer: Howard the Duck
Question: In what year did Marvel's sales overtake rival DC?
Answer: 1972
Question: How were some of Marvel's genre titles published in the 1970s?
Answer: larger-format black and white magazines, under its Curtis Magazines imprint
Question: What prevented Marvel from creating more adult-themed comics?
Question: What did Marvel do that failed to be successful after the Comics Code was updated?
Question: When did DC Comics usurp Marvel's position as the top comics company?
Question: How much did DC lower the price of its comics by?
Question: What was DC's horror series called?
Question: What new venture did Marvel's founder begin after leaving the company in the 1970s?
Answer: Seaboard Periodicals
Question: What former Marvel title imprint did Goodman attempt to revive?
Answer: Atlas Comics
Question: What new retail outlet came on board at the end of the 1970s to rival newsstands for comic sales?
Answer: comic book stores
Question: How long was the 1970s revival of Atlas Comics in business?
Answer: a year and a half
Question: During what era did newsstand distribution begin to tail off markedly for Marvel?
Answer: the mid-1970s
Question: What company partnered with Marvel in 1974?
Question: When was Howard the Duck launched?
Question: What change in market distribution negatively affected Marvel near the end of the decade?
Question: How much later were specialty comic book stores reselling titles?
Question: The mid-1970s brought what favourable change for Marvel?
Question: What was Marvel's self-hosted comic book convention called?
Answer: Marvelcon
Question: What artist's return to Marvel was announced at this event?
Answer: Jack Kirby
Question: What Marvel character was specifically created to appeal to the UK market?
Answer: Captain Britain
Question: When was the first Marvel-sponsored comics convention?
Answer: spring 1975
Question: When did Marvel's British-themed superhero first appear?
Answer: October 1976
Question: Who did Jack Kirby announce was returning to Marvel in 1975?
Question: What marvel character was announced at the first Marvelcon?
Question: What was DC Comic's 1975 convention called?
Question: Who created most of DC's star characters?
Question: When did Marvel become licensed to distribute in the UK?
Question: What is an example of a bad practice eliminated under Shooter's regime at Marvel?
Answer: repeatedly missed deadlines
Question: What noted artist and writer made brought Daredevil to the forefront during the 1980s?
Answer: Frank Miller
Question: What team of artist and writer helped popularize the Uncanny X-Men line of comics in the 1980s?
Answer: Chris Claremont and John Byrne
Question: Secret Wars was an early example of what Marvel comics story trope?
Answer: crossover story arcs
Question: What issue did Shooter cause when he started at Marvel?
Question: When did Chris Claremont become editor-in-chief?
Question: When did New Universe become successful?
Question: What anniversary did Epic Comics celebrate in 1986?
Question: Who wrote for Star Comics?
Question: What 1990s comic line featured futuristic, sci-fi stories?
Answer: 2099 line
Question: What was the name of the specialty comics line created by Clive Barker for Marvel?
Answer: Razorline
Question: In what year did Marvel introduce trading cards based on their characters?
Answer: 1990
Question: What trading card company did Marvel team up with to license these trading cards?
Answer: SkyBox International
Question: What was affected by the increasing use at Marvel of crossover stories between comic characters?
Answer: overall continuity of the fictional Marvel Universe
Question: What series was set in the past?
Question: What commercially successful comic did Clive Barker create?
Question: When was SkyBox International launched?
Question: What marvel character was featured on the first collectible trading card?
Question: When did comic book sales begin to decline?
Question: What studio helped to relaunch and revamp classic marvel teams The Fantastic Four and the Avengers?
Answer: Image Comics
Question: What two Marvel veterans founded Image?
Answer: Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld
Question: How was the setting for the Image versions of Marvel characters different from the official comics?
Answer: a parallel universe with a history distinct from the mainstream
Question: How long did the Image run of Marvel characters last?
Answer: a one-year run
Question: What three titles were part of the darker, grimmer Marvel Knights comics?
Answer: the Inhumans, Black Panther and Daredevil
Question: Who created the Avengers?
Question: When was Image Comics founded?
Question: What year did Joe Quesada become editor in chief?
Question: How long did Marvel Knights run for?
Question: What caused Image Comics to discontinue the Marvel crossover?
Question: What channel did Marvel buy to self-distribute its own comics in the 1990s?
Answer: Heroes World Distribution
Question: When did Marvel purchase this distribution network?
Answer: 1994
Question: Exclusive deals for distributing comics during the 1990s left this company as the only unaffiliated one.
Answer: Diamond Comic Distributors Inc
Question: What year did Diamond Comic Distributors team up with Marvel?
Answer: 1997
Question: The failure of what high profile business initiative caused Marvel to approach Diamond?
Answer: Marvel's Heroes World
Question: What was the only North American distribution company to go under?
Question: When did Diamond Comic Distributors part ways with Marvel?
Question: What caused distributors to thrive in the mid-90s?
Question: When was Marvel's Heroes World declared a financial success?
Question: When was Diamond Comic Distributors Inc. founded?
Question: When did Marvel withdraw from the Comics Code Authority?
Answer: 2001
Question: What in-house standards system did Marvel replace the Comics Code with?
Answer: Marvel Rating System
Question: What was the first book published under this new ratings system?
Answer: X-Force #119
Question: What was the name of the adult themed comics imprint for Marvel with more explicit content?
Answer: MAX
Question: When did Marvel Comics file for bankruptcy?
Question: When did Marvel join the Comics Code Authority?
Question: When was the first issue of MAX released?
Question: What did Marvel Comics replace the Marvel Rating System with?
Question: What age bracket was Marvel Adventures designed for?
Question: What entertainment company purchased Marvel at the end of the 2000s?
Answer: The Walt Disney Company
Question: When was the sale of Marvel to this entertainment conglomerate announced?
Answer: August 31, 2009
Question: What was the sale price of Marvel?
Answer: $4 billion or $4.2 billion
Question: What is the readership market share enjoyed by Marvel and DC comics?
Answer: 80%
Question: In 2010, Marvel switched to what distributor for bookstore comic book sales?
Answer: Hachette Distribution Services
Question: What did Marvel Entertainment purchase in 2009?
Question: How much did Disney buy DC for?
Question: What percentage of the American comic-book market did Marvel account for?
Question: When did Marvel switch to Diamond Book Distributors?
Question: How much did DC Comics shareholder receive as a result of the Marvel-Disney deal?
Question: Infinite Comics is related to what comics media platform?
Answer: digital comics
Question: What are two new titles under the Marvel NOW! line of comics?
Answer: Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men
Question: Marvel NOW!, Infinite Comics, and Marvel AR are under the umbrella of what in house business endeavor?
Answer: Marvel ReEvolution
Question: What does the AR in Marvel AR stand for?
Answer: augmented reality
Question: When did Marvel launch Marvel Adventures?
Question: How many titles run on the Marvel Universe TV block?
Question: What titles were released with Marvel AR?
Question: When was Marvel NOW! canceled?
Question: What series on this network was given a Marvel graphic novel?
Answer: Once Upon a Time
Question: What is the Marvel and Disney line of comics called?
Answer: "Disney Kingdoms"
Question: What was the first title published in that joint line of comics?
Answer: "Seekers of the Weird"
Question: What movie sci-fi franchise returned to Marvel in 2015?
Answer: Star Wars
Question: When did Disney and LLC stop publishing Star Wars comics?
Question: How many issues was the Once Upon a Time novel?
Question: What was the joint line of comics owned by LLC and Marvel called?
Question: When was the Once Upon a Time novel released?
Question: When did Disney and Marvel announce they were ending joint projects?
Question: What publisher did Marvel first license its characters to for novelization?
Answer: Bantam Books
Question: What was the first novel published under this deal?
Answer: The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder
Question: What was the name of the short-lived Marvel novelization book publisher during the 2000s?
Answer: Marvel Press
Question: In 2005, Marvel dropped it's own publishing rights for novelization and instead partnered with what publisher?
Answer: Pocket Books
Question: Marvel Press was relaunched in what year?
Answer: 2011
Question: Who wrote the movie novelizations?
Question: Who wrote the Young Adult novel Mary Jane?
Question: How many books did Marvel license with Pocket Books?
Question: What is the name of the company that licensed the majority of marvel comics before 2003?
Question: When did Marvel switch to the Disney Books Group?