huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What is one cathedral in which simple cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features?
Answer: Abbey Saint-Denis
Question: When was the construction of Wells Cathedral in England begun?
Answer: in 1175
Question: Who completed the transepts and nave on Wells Cathedral in about 1230?
Answer: Adam Locke
Question: Which Cathedral is considered the first thoroughly Gothic cathedral?
Answer: Wells Cathedral
Question: What is another cathedral in which simple cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features?
Answer: Notre Dame de Paris
Question: What is one cathedral in which complex cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features?
Question: When was the construction of Wells Cathedral in England halted?
Question: Who completed the transepts and nave on Wells Cathedral in about 1130?
Question: Which Cathedral is considered the only thoroughly Gothic cathedral?
Question: Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1137?
Answer: Suger
Question: Which portion the cathedral was the reconstruction of the great Church of Saint-Denis begun?
Answer: the West Front
Question: The facade of Saint Denis resembled what other well known structure?
Answer: the Roman Arch of Constantine
Question: Why were three large portal used in the construction of the Roman Arch of Constantine?
Answer: to ease the problem of congestion
Question: The facade of Saint Denis combines round arches with what other style arch?
Answer: pointed arches of the Gothic style
Question: Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1237?
Question: Which portion of the cathedral was involved in the destruction of the great Church of Saint-Denis?
Question: What did the facade of Saint Denis resemble as a well known creature?
Question: Why were nine large portals used in the construction of the Roman Arch of Constantine?
Question: What does the facade of Saint Denis combine pyramids with what other style arch?
Question: What portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis was begun after the completion of the west front? 
Answer: the eastern end
Question: What style of nave was left unaltered during this portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis?
Answer: the Carolingian nave
Question: What style of columns did Abbott Suger use when reconstructing Saint Denis?
Answer: clustered columns
Question: What design element allowed the use of large clerestory windows?
Answer: the flying buttresses
Question: When was the south front of Saint Denis removed?
Question: What style of columns did Abbott Suger use when destructing Saint Denis?
Question: What style of nave was fully altered during this portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis?
Question: What design element allowed the use of small clerestory doors?
Question: What portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis was delayed after the completion of the west front?
Question: What type of buildings most prominently display the design aspects of the Gothic architectural style?
Answer: cathedrals and great churches
Question: Prior to the 20th century, a Gothic cathedral was considered to be what type of building in the town in which it was constructed?
Answer: the landmark building
Question: What is another name for the pointed arch?
Answer: the ogival
Question: What is an example of architectural technology that is seen in Gothic construction?
Answer: the ribbed vault
Question: What is another example of architectural technology that is seen in Gothic construction?
Answer: the buttress
Question: What type of buildings most prominently hide the design aspects of the Gothic architectural style?
Question: What is another name for the twisted arch?
Question: What is an example of impossible technology that is seen in Gothic construction?
Question: When was it typical that Gothic cathedrals were hidden?
Question: In England, which arm would generally show two distinct sections, choir and presbytery?
Answer: The eastern arm
Question: Who is a projecting Lady Chapel dedicated to?
Answer: the Virgin Mary
Question: What shape does the eastern end often exhibit in France?
Answer: polygonal
Question: What is the ring of chapels found in the eastern end of French chapels known as?
Answer: chevet
Question: In Italy, the eastern projection beyond the transept often contains what?
Answer: the sanctuary
Question: Which arm in England would generally show no distinct sections?
Question: Who was a projecting Lady Chapel meant to harm?
Question: What shape does the eastern end rarely exhibit in France?
Question: What is the sphere of chapels found in the eastern end of French chapels known as?
Question: The use of the pointed arch for bringing transverse vaults to the same height diagonal ones, is in disagreement with what theory?
Answer: the diffusionist theory
Question: At which cathedral is the pointed arch used to match the heights of transverse and diagonal vaults?
Answer: Durham Cathedral
Question: In what type of decorative blind arcading are pointed arches common?
Answer: Romanesque
Question: When semicircular arches overlap each other, what type of design is accidentally created?
Answer: points
Question: Which cathedral is the twisted arch used to match the heights of transverse and diagonal vaults?
Question: What type of decorative blind are curved arches common?
Question: When triangular arches overlap each other, what type of design is accidentally created?
Question: What theory was not supported by anyone?
Question: Which type of vault can be used for rectangular and trapezoidal shaped roofs?
Answer: The Gothic vault
Question: What structural benefit is offered by the Gothic vault?
Answer: channels the weight onto the bearing piers or columns at a steep angle
Question: What can architects raise much higher using the Gothic versus the Romanesque variety?
Answer: vaults
Question: What type of visual character is achieved by using the pointed arch?
Answer: more vertical visual character
Question: Which type of vault can be used for circular and square shaped roofs?
Question: What structural danger is offered by the Gothic vault?
Question: What can architects raise much lower using the Gothic versus the Romanesque variety?
Question: What type of visual character is forgotten by using the pointed arch?
Question: What is another feature of both large and small Gothic churches?
Answer: spires
Question: How many towers are typical on the front of Gothic churches in France and Spain?
Answer: two towers
Question: In what country is the tower often found detached from the main building?
Answer: Italy
Question: How many towers are found at the Salisbury Chapel?
Answer: just one tower
Question: What is one feature of only small Gothic churches?
Question: How many riddles are typical on the front of Gothic churches in France and Spain?
Question: What country is the tower often vanishing from the main building?
Question: How many towers fell at the Salisbury Chapel?
Question: What enhances the vertical look of the exterior of Gothic construction? 
Answer: the towers and spires
Question: What is one design element of Gothic construction that is often terminated by small pinnacles?
Answer: The roofline
Question: What is another design element of Gothic construction that is often terminated by small pinnacles?
Answer: gable ends
Question: Which cathedral demonstrates a drastic example of termination with small pinnacles?
Answer: Milan Cathedral
Question: What other part of Gothic buildings are often found terminated with small pinnacles?
Answer: buttresses
Question: What hinders the vertical look of the exterior of Gothic construction?
Question: What is one design element of Gothic construction that is always terminated by small pinnacles?
Question: Which cathedral demonstrates an impossible structure of small pinnacles?
Question: What part of Gothic buildings are often found terminated with enormous pinnacles?
Question: What is often found sweeping unbroken from floor to ceiling on the interior of Gothic buildings?
Answer: attached shafts
Question: Where are the verticals found repeated in the interior of Gothic buildings?
Answer: the treatment of the windows and wall surfaces
Question: What sort of feature is created by the use of vertical elements in gallery and window tracery?
Answer: a strongly unifying feature
Question: What does the use of vertical elements help to counteract?
Answer: horizontal divisions of the interior structure
Question: What is often found completely broken from floor to ceiling on the interior of Gothic buildings?
Question: Where are the verticals never repeated in the interior of Gothic buildings?
Question: What sort of feature is ruined by the use of vertical elements in gallery and window tracery?
Question: What does the use of vertical elements harm the most?
Question: What sort of light has always been characteristic of Gothic cathedrals?
Answer: Expansive interior light
Question: Whose writings led to the clerical belief in the divinity of light?
Answer: Pseudo-Dionysius
Question: What book became popular with monks in France and had an effect on how light was used in cathedrals?
Answer: The Celestial Hierarchy
Question: Who encouraged cathedral architects to allow as much light as possible into the building?
Answer: the Abbot Suger
Question: Who held the belief that all light, including light reflected from walls and surfaces was divine?
Answer: Pseudo-Dionysius
Question: What sort of ultraviolet light has always been characteristic of Gothic cathedrals?
Question: Whose writings led to the clerical belief in the divinity of darkness?
Question: What book became unpopular with monks in France and had an effect on how light was used in cathedrals?
Question: Who encouraged cathedral architects to allow as little light as possible into the building?
Question: Who held the belief that all light, including light reflected from walls and surfaces was fake?
Question: What size of window is found above the main portal at York Minster?
Answer: a large window
Question: What type of window is often found above the main portal at cathedrals in France such as the Reims Cathedral?
Answer: a rose window
Question: Where are rose windows never found in the facades of cathedrals?
Answer: any English Cathedrals
Question: What portion of Gothic buildings are usually richly decorated with arcading or sculpture?
Answer: The gable
Question: Which Italian cathedral displays polychrome marble and mosaic on the gable?
Answer: Orvieto Cathedral
Question: What size of hole is found above the main portal at York Minster?
Question: What type of window is often found above the main portal at cathedrals in Greece such as the Reims Cathedral?
Question: Where are clear windows never found in the facades of cathedrals?
Question: What portion of Egyptian buildings are usually richly decorated with arcading or sculpture?
Question: Which Italian cathedral displays polychrome marble and mosaic on the floor?
Question: What is the distinguiushing visual design feature of French cathedrals?
Answer: their impression of verticality
Question: How many portals are typically found on the west front of French cathedrals?
Answer: three portals
Question: How many towers are typically found on the west front of French cathedrals?
Answer: two large towers
Question: What shape does the east end of French chapels typically have?
Answer: The east end is polygonal
Question: What do many major churches in Southern France often lack?
Answer: transepts
Question: What is the only visual design feature of French cathedrals?
Question: How many wormholes are typically found on the west front of French cathedrals?
Question: What do many major churches in Southern France often require?
Question: What shape does the east end of French chapels typically forbid?
Question: What is the unique design feature of English cathedrals?
Answer: their extreme length
Question: What type of transepts do English cathedrals often feature? 
Answer: double transepts
Question: What size of window is typically featured on the west end of English cathedrals?
Answer: very large
Question: Where are rose windows used on English cathedrals?
Answer: the transept gables
Question: On English cathedrals, where is a tower almost always found?
Answer: at the crossing
Question: What is the worst design feature of English cathedrals?
Question: What type of transepts do English cathedrals often lack?
Question: What size of cat is typically featured on the west end of English cathedrals?
Question: Where are blackened windows used on English cathedrals?
Question: Where is a tower almost never found on Greek cathedrals?
Question: In Germany, Poland and Austria Romanesque architecture is defined by its massive size and what other design element?
Answer: modular nature
Question: What design style does Romanesque architecture in Germany, Poland, and Austria normally follow?
Answer: the French formula
Question: What does the eastern end of German Romanesque cathedrals typically emulate?
Answer: follows the French form
Question: What is the distinguishing design element in German Gothic cathedrals?
Answer: their breadth and openness
Question: What are hall churches in German cathedrals known as?
Answer: Hallenkirchen
Question: What design style does Romanesque architecture in Germany, Poland, and Australia rarely follow?
Question: What does the eastern end of German Romanesque cathedrals typically avoid?
Question: What is the only design element in German Gothic cathedrals?
Question: What are hall churches in German cathedrals no longer known as?
Question: What is the distinctive design element of Gothic cathedrals of the Iberian Peninsula? 
Answer: their spatial complexity
Question: What size are the arcades of Gothic cathedrals of the Iberian Peninsula?
Answer: very tall arcades
Question: What type of architecture is a prominent influence on the design and form of Gothic cathedrals from the Iberian Peninsula? 
Answer: Islamic architecture
Question: What type of West front does the Leon Cathedral resemble?
Answer: a French west front
Question: What style are the spires at Burgos Cathedral?
Answer: German style
Question: What is the distinctive design element of Gothic cathedrals of the Iberian continent?
Question: What size are the arcades of Gothic malls of the Iberian Peninsula?
Question: What type of West front does the Leon Cathedral resent?
Question: What style are the spirals at Burgos Cathedral?
Question: What type of architecture lost influence on the design and form of Gothic cathedrals from the Iberian Peninsula?
Question: What is the unique characteristic of Italian Gothic design?
Answer: the use of polychrome decoration
Question: What color are the columns of Italian Gothic cathedrals often painted?
Answer: the columns may be painted red
Question: What type of arches do they love to use in Venice?
Answer: they loved flamboyant arches
Question: Instead of rose windows, what type of windows do Italian cathedral facades usually feature?
Answer: occular or wheel windows
Question: What is the preferred narrative medium for the interior of Italian cathedrals?
Answer: the fresco
Question: What is the worst characteristic of Italian Gothic design?
Question: What color are the columns of Italian Gothic cathedrals always painted?
Question: What type of arches do they never use in Venice?
Question: What type of windows do Italian cathedral facades usually forbid?
Question: What is the preferred narrative medium for the interior of Italian cinemas?
Question: Who was the Royal palace of Olite built for?
Answer: the kings of Navarre
Question: Who was the Malbork Castle built for?
Answer: the master of the Teutonic order
Question: What type of Gothic architecture is the Malbork Castle an example of?
Answer: Brick Gothic architecture
Question: What is the name of the royal residence built for the kings of France in Paris?
Answer: the famous Conciergerie
Question: When was the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona constructed?
Answer: built in the 15th century
Question: Who was the Royal palace of Olite pillaged for?
Question: Who was the Malbork Castle burned for?
Question: What type of Gothic architecture is the Malbork Castle a poor example of?
Question: When was the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona deconstructed?
Question: What is the name of the special residence built for the citizens of France in Paris?
Question: What is an example of secular Northern Brick Gothic architecture from the 14th century?
Answer: Stralsund town halls
Question: When was Brussels Town Hall built?
Answer: built during the 15th century
Question: What is the name of the secular building in Spain which was constructed for the purpose of silk exchange?
Answer: the Llotja de la Seda of Valencia
Question: What is the name of the 13th-century town hall constructed to host the offices of the republic of Siena?
Answer: the Palazzo Pubblico
Question: Impressive public secular architecture can also be found in what other Italian city?
Answer: Florence
Question: What is an example of secular Northern Brick Gothic architecture from the 12th century?
Question: When was Brussels Town Hall hidden?
Question: What is the name of the secular building in space which was constructed for the purpose of silk exchange?
Question: What is the name of the 18th-century town hall constructed to host the offices of the republic of Siena?
Question: What is the only Italian city with public secular architecture?
Question: In what era had university towns grown in wealth and importance?
Answer: the late Middle Ages
Question: What is the name of the university building in Bologna, built in the 14th and 15th centuries?
Answer: the Collegio di Spagna
Question: What is the name of the building at University of Prague in Bohemia?
Answer: the Collegium Carolinum
Question: What is the name of the secular building at the University of Salamanca in Spain? 
Answer: the Escuelas mayores
Question: What is the name of the secular building at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland?
Answer: the Collegium Maius
Question: What era had university towns lost wealth and importance?
Question: What is the name of the university building in Bologna, built in the 14th and 17th centuries?
Question: What is the name of the building at University of Prague in Bahamas?
Question: When was the Escuelas mayores building of the University of Salamanca in Spain destroyed?
Question: What is no longer the name of the building at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland?
Question: What is one city with an accumulation of secular Gothic structures? 
Answer: Bruges
Question: What is another city with an accumulation of secular Gothic structures? 
Answer: Siena
Question: What style are most windows on secular Gothic structures?
Answer: flat-topped with mullions
Question: Where are pointed arches and vaulted ceilings found on most secular Gothic structures?
Answer: a few focal points
Question: What is the name of the surviving monastic building in England? 
Answer: Mont Saint-Michel
Question: What is the only city with an accumulation of secular Gothic structures?
Question: What style are all windows on secular Gothic structures?
Question: Where are pointed arches and vaulted ceilings concealed on most secular Gothic structures?
Question: What is the name of the surviving monastic building in Egypt?
Question: What is the name of the Archbishop of Canterbury's residence?
Answer: Lambeth Palace
Question: In what year was a Gothic hammerbeam roof installed on the Archbishop of Canterbury's residence?
Answer: In 1663
Question: In what century were distinct Gothic details used on new construction at Oxford and Cambridge?
Answer: the late 17th century
Question: Who used Gothic details in construction of Tom Tower, Oxford?
Answer: Christopher Wren
Question: What is the location of the Archbishop of Canterbury's dentist?
Question: What year was a Gothic hammerbeam roof stolen on the Archbishop of Canterbury's residence?
Question: What century were vague Gothic details used on new construction at Oxford and Yale?
Question: Who avoided Gothic details in construction of Tom Tower, Oxford?
Question: When was neo-Gothic popularized by influential figures?
Answer: during the second quarter of the 19th century
Question: In Britain after 1837, what was the Gothic revival known as?
Answer: Victorian Gothic
Question: During what years was the High Victorian Gothic period in Britain?
Answer: 1855–1885
Question: What movement was responsible for the philosophy which led to the revival of Anglo Catholic ideas? 
Answer: the Oxford Movement
Question: Besides ecclesiastical and civic architecture, what other style of architecture did influential figures of the 19th century prefer to use Victorian Gothic for?
Answer: institutional architecture
Question: When was neo-Gothic forgotten by influential figures?
Question: What was the Gothic death known as in Britain after 1827?
Question: What year was the High Victorian Gothic period in Africa?
Question: What movement was responsible for the philosophy which led to the end of Anglo Catholic ideas?
Question: What other style of architecture did influential figures of the 14th century prefer to use Victorian Gothic for?
Question: Who was the interior architect of the Houses of Parliament?
Answer: Augustus Welby Pugin
Question: What style of architecture does the Houses of Parliament exemplify?
Answer: the Gothic revival style
Question: Who designed the Albert Memorial in London?
Answer: George Gilbert Scott
Question: Who designed the chapel at Keble College, Oxford?
Answer: William Butterfield
Question: Who was the failed architect of the Houses of Parliament?
Question: Who was the cook of the Houses of Parliament?
Question: What style of architecture does the Houses of Parliament mock?
Question: Who designed the Albert Memorial in Germany?
Question: Who destroyed the chapel at Keble College, Oxford?
Question: Who was the main figure of the Gothic Revival in France?
Answer: Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
Question: What famous French cathedral was restored and reconstructed by Viollet-le-Duc?
Answer: the Abbey of Saint-Denis
Question: What modern building material did Viollet-le-Duc teach reform Gothic designers to work with?
Answer: cast iron
Question: In what fortified city in Southern France did Viollet-le-Duc recreate historical Gothic constructions?
Answer: Carcassonne
Question: What other famous French cathedral did Viollet-le-Duc work on?
Answer: Notre Dame de Paris
Question: Who was the villain of the Gothic Revival in France?
Question: What famous French cathedral was ruined by Viollet-le-Duc?
Question: What modern building material did Viollet-le-Duc teach reform Gothic designers to avoid?
Question: What other famous American cathedral did Viollet-le-Duc work on?
Question: What empty city in Northern France did Viollet-le-Duc recreate historical Gothic constructions?
Question: Name the 8 peopl who began the movement
Answer: Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger and Juan Gris.
Question: Which person  was the most influential in beginning the movement with is three dimensional forms?
Answer: Paul Cézanne
Question: What year's were Cezannes painting's displayed at Salon d'Automne? Not including the retrospectives.
Answer: 1905 and 1906
Question: What movement did Picasso not participate in?
Question: What movement did Braque not participate in?
Question: What happened in 1903?
Question: Which person was the least influential in beginning the movement with is three dimensional forms?
Question: What year's were Cezannes painting's not displayed at Salon d'Automne?
Question: What were the three offshoots of Cubism formed in France?
Answer: Orphism, Abstract art and later Purism
Question: What were the other offshoots formed in countries other than France?
Answer: Futurism, Suprematism, Dada, Constructivism and De Stijl
Question: Which offshoot had little in common with Cubism?
Answer: Futurist
Question: Which offshoot of cubism was influenced by Picasso? 
Answer: Constructivism
Question:  What were the four offshoots of Cubism formed in France?
Question: What were the other offshoots formed in France?
Question: Which offshoot had everything in common with Cubism?
Question:  Which offshoot of cubism was not influenced by Picasso?
Question: Between what years did cubism begin? 
Answer: 1907 and 1911
Question: In the spring of what year did the first organized exhibition by cubist appear?
Answer: 1911
Question: What was the name of the room that the first exhibition of Cubists took place?
Answer: Salle 41
Question: Who mentioned the landscapes made by Picasso in the first Cubist paintings? 
Answer: Gertrude Stein
Question: In what city did the first exhibition of Cubists take place?
Answer: Paris
Question: What happened in 1906?
Question: What painting did Picasso paint in 1908?
Question: What painting did Braque paint in 1907?
Question: What was the name of the room that the last exhibition of Cubists took place?
Question:  In what city did the last exhibition of Cubists take place?
Question: What was the first phase of Cubism known as? 
Answer: Analytic Cubism
Question: Who coined the phrase Analytic Cubsim? 
Answer: Juan Gris
Question: What was the second phase of Cubism called? 
Answer: Synthetic Cubism
Question: From what years did High Cubism take place? 
Answer: 1909 to 1914
Question: From what years did Late Cubism take place? 
Answer: 1914 to 1921
Question:  What was the last phase of Cubism known as?
Question: Who coined the term non-analytic cubism?
Question:  From what years did Low Cubism take place?
Question:  From what years did Post Cubism take place?
Question: Who asserted that the flat canvas supported Cubism? 
Answer: Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler
Question: In what year was the assertion made that the flat canvas supported Cubism?
Answer: early as 1920
Question: When was the assertion that the flat canvas supported Cubism put into debate?
Answer: 1950s and 1960s,
Question: Who was the main opponent that began to argue that the flat canvas did not support Cubism? 
Answer: Clement Greenberg.
Question: Who's work undermined Douglass  Coopers terms describing Cubism?
Answer: Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger
Question:  Who disagreed that the flat canvas supported Cubism?
Question: In what year was the assertion made that the flat canvas did not support Cubism?
Question: When was the assertion that the flat canvas did not support Cubism put into debate?
Question: Who was the main opponent that began to agree that the flat canvas did not support Cubism?
Question: Who's work undermined Douglass Coopers terms in not describing Cubism?
Question: Which artists in the early 19th and 20th century inspired by the newly discovered African, Native American, Micro and Polynesian art?
Answer: Paul Gauguin, Henri Matisse, and Pablo Picasso
Question: What about the Native cultures art inspired Matisse, Picasso, and Gauguin?
Answer: stark power and simplicity
Question: Who did Picasso meet around 1906 that had also recenelty learned about Primitivism? 
Answer: Gertrude Stein,
Question: What were Picasso's 1907 paintings usually characterized by? 
Answer: Protocubism
Question: Which artists in the early 21st century inspired by the newly discovered African, Native American, Micro and Polynesian art?
Question: What about the Native cultures art did not inspire Matisse, Picasso, and Gauguin?
Question: Who did Picasso meet around 1960 that had also recently learned about Primitivism?
Question:  What were Picasso's 1970 paintings usually characterized by?
Question: Which two artists did Douglass Cooper say were very important to the forming of Cubism?
Answer: Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne
Question: What does Cooper say is the first  Cubist picture? 
Answer: The Demoiselles
Question: Is it true that the first Cubist picture is The Demoiselles? 
Answer: although it was a major first step towards Cubism it is not yet Cubist.
Question: Which two artists did Douglass Cooper say were not important to the forming of Cubism?
Question:  What does Cooper say is the last Cubist picture?
Question: What style is The Desmoiselles?
Question: Who said The disruptive, expressionist element in it is not at all contrary to the spirit of Cubism"
Question: What did Daniel Robbins say about Demoiselles being the beginning of Cubism?
Answer: such deductions are unhistorical
Question: During which years did the conscious begin to look for a new style in Germany, Italy, Russia, and Holland?
Answer: 1905 and 1908,
Question: Which impressionist movements were also influenced by Cubism?
Answer: Les Nabis and the Symbolists
Question: Which technique did the Impressionists use to make their subjects simple forms?
Answer: double point of view
Question: What did Daniel Robbins say about Demoiselles being the end of Cubism?
Question:  During which years did the conscious begin to look for a old style in Germany, Italy, Russia, and Holland?
Question:  Which impressionist movements were not influenced by Cubism?
Question: Which technique did the Impressionists use to not make their subjects simple forms?
Question: Besides Seurat where else are the beginnigs of Cubism found?
Answer: in the two distinct tendencies of Cézanne's later work
Question: Cubists exploration of the concept of the simplification of forms into cones cylinders and spheres was further explored by whom?
Answer: Cézanne
Question: Cubism revolutionized the way things could be seen in art how? 
Answer: all the surfaces of depicted objects in a single picture plane, as if the objects had all their faces visible at the same time.
Question:  Besides Seurat where else are the end of Cubism found?
Question: Cubists exploration of the concept of the simplification of forms into cones cylinders and spheres was further not explored by whom?
Question:  Cubism revolutionized the way things could not be seen in art how?
Question: When did the historical study of Cubism begin?
Answer: in the late 1920s
Question: On who's opinions were the beginnings of the this historical study of Cubism based?
Answer: Guillaume Apollinaire
Question: On which book and who was the author was one of the main sources of the historical study of Cubism based?
Answer: Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler's book Der Weg zum Kubismus
Question: When did the historical study of Cubism end?
Question: What happened in the early 1920s?
Question: On whose opinions were the end of the this historical study of Cubism based?
Question: On which book and who was the author was one of the main sources of the historical study of non-Cubism based?
Question: Understanding who's work was the tradition meaning of Cubism formed on?
Answer: Braque and Picasso
Question: Who suggested that the artists other than Braque and Picasso's relgation to a distant role in Cubism was a mistake?
Answer: Daniel Robbins
Question: What other painters were not thought of as being as Cubist as Braque and Picasso?
Answer: Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay and Henri Le Fauconnier
Question: Understanding whose work was the tradition meaning of non-Cubism formed on?
Question: Who suggested that the artists other than Braque and Picasso's relgation to a close role in Cubism was a mistake?
Question: What other painters were thought of as being as Cubist as Braque and Picasso?
Question: Who said "o suggest that merely because these artists developed same as the traditional pattern"
Question: Which poet critic in 1911 with a group of poets accepted the term Cubism? 
Answer: Guillaume Apollinaire
Question: The artists of Passy included which two people?
Answer: Picabia and the Duchamp brothers
Question: What year did the term Cubism become used less?
Question: What happened in 1910?
Question: Which poet critic in 1911 with a group of poets rejected the term Cubism?
Question:  The artists of Passy included which three people?
Question: Where did Picassos work until 1912? 
Answer: Montmartre
Question: Where did Braque and Gris stay until the end of the World War I?
Answer: Montmartre
Question: Where was Leger based around 1912? 
Answer: Montparnasse
Question: Where did Picassos work until 1911?
Question:  Where did Braque and Gris move to at the end of the World War I?
Question: Where was Leger not based around 1912?
Question: Which four people usually met at Fauconnier's studio in 1910?
Answer: Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay and Léger
Question: Where was Fauconnier's studio located? 
Answer: Boulevard de Montparnasse
Question: What did the group meeting at Fauconnier's studio want to focus on?
Answer: research into form, in opposition to the Neo-Impressionist emphasis on color.
Question: Which five people usually met at Fauconnier's studio in 1910?
Question:  Where was Fauconnier's studio destroyed?
Question: What did the group meeting at Fauconnier's studio not want to focus on?
Question: What group formed in 1911?
Question: In what year did the New York Times review the Salon d'Automne?
Answer: October 8, 1911
Question: What was the subtitle of the article published in 1911 in New York TImes about Cubism?
Answer: Eccentric School of Painting Increases Its Vogue in the Current Art Exhibition - What Its Followers Attempt to Do
Question: List the artists who were featured in the Salon d'Automne? 
Answer: André Lhote, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye, André Dunoyer de Segonzac and František Kupka
Question:  In what year did the New York Times not review the Salon d'Automne?
Question: What happened October 9 1911?
Question: What was the subtitle of the article not published in 1911 in New York TImes about Cubism?
Question:  List the artists who weren't featured in the Salon d'Automne?
Question: Which Duchamp presentation was displayed in the 1912 Salon des Independants?
Answer: Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2
Question:  Was Duchamp's work considered controversial when displayed in 1912?
Answer: caused a scandal
Question: What were one of  Metzingers two showings in 1912's Salon des Independants? 
Answer: La Femme au Cheval (Woman with a horse) 1911-1912
Question: Which Duchamp presentation was displayed in the 1913 Salon des Independants?
Question: What painting of Duchamp's was not controversial?
Question: What were one of Metzingers two showings in 1913's Salon des Independants?
Question: Where was Woman with a Door displayed?
Question: Where was La Ville de Rome featured?
Question: Which politician made the front page of Le Journa in 1912 for his indignation? 
Answer: Jean Pierre Philippe Lampué
Question: Who defended the Cubists in the controversy of 1912?
Answer: Socialist deputy, Marcel Sembat.
Question: Towards which social topic did the Cubists  at the Salon d'Automne creat contrevesy towards? 
Answer: the use of government owned buildings,
Question: Which politician made the front page of Le Journa in 1913 for his indignation?
Question:  Who defended the Cubists in the controversy of 1915?
Question: Towards which social topic did the Cubists at the Salon d'Automne not create controversy towards?
Question: What happened in 1911?
Question: What against did Metzinger and Gleizes write Du "Cubsime"? 
Answer: public anger
Question: Who published Du "Cubisme"?
Answer: Eugène Figuière
Question: In what year was  Du "Cubisme" published? 
Answer: 1912
Question:  What did Metzinger and Gleizes write Du "Cubsime" in support of?
Question:  Who wrote Du "Squarism"?
Question:  In what year was Du "Squarism" published?
Question:  Who published Du "Squarism"?
Question: Where was Kupka's paintings not displayed?
Question: What were Kupka's two entries at the Salon d'Automne? 
Answer: Amorpha-Fugue à deux couleurs and Amorpha chromatique chaude
Question: What were the titles of Delaunay's paintings in 1912? 
Answer: Simultaneous Windows,
Question: During what years did  Leger produce Contrasts of Forms? 
Answer: 1913–14
Question:  What were Kupka's three entries at the Salon d'Automne?
Question:  What were the titles of Delaunay's paintings in 1914?
Question:  During what years did Leger not produce Contrasts of Forms?
Question: Who produced the series called Non-contrast of Forms?
Question: By whom was Marcel Duchamp labeled an Orphanist? 
Answer: Apollinaire
Question: What two items did Duchamp attach together in 1913? 
Answer: a bicycle wheel to a kitchen stool
Question: What object did Duchamp select in 1914 as a scuplture by itself? 
Answer: bottle-drying rack
Question:  By whom was Marcel Duchamp labeled not an Orphanist?
Question:  What three items did Duchamp attach together in 1913?
Question:  What object did Duchamp select in 1912 as a scuplture by itself?
Question: What was Duchamp not responsible for?
Question: How many works displayed at The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1912?
Answer: Over 200
Question: How many works displayed at The Salon de la Section d'Or at the Galerie La Boétie in Paris, October 1922?
Question: What was also known as Non-Groupe de Puteaux?
Question: What's another term for The Section d'voures?
Question: What was developed in 1913?
Question: What did the 1912 exhiibtion of Cubism show?
Answer: indicates the artists' intention of making their work comprehensible to a wide audience
Question: What did the 1912 exhibtion of Cubism not show?
Question: What type of audience did the exhibition not appeal to?
Question: What came out of the exhibit failing?
Question: What did not become a genre after the exhibition?
Question: What wasn't a new avant-garde style?
Question: What did Christopher Green say of the difference between traditional cubist and Salon Cubists?
Answer: It is by no means clear, in any case
Question: Whom did Braque and Picasso aim their works at? 
Answer: large public
Question: What did Christopher Green say of the similarities between traditional cubist and Salon Cubists?
Question: Who said "It is clear, in any case"?
Question:  Whom did Braque and Picasso not aim their works at?
Question: What happened in 1913?
Question: In Du Cubisme who so Metzinger and Gleizes  relate the sense of time to? 
Answer: Henri Bergson
Question: The Cubist used what kind of treatment of space and time?
Answer: The Salon Cubists
Question: In Du Cubisme who so Metzinger and Gleizes not relate the sense of time to?
Question:  The Cubist didn't use what kind of treatment of space and time?
Question: What was not a symbolic expression?
Question: What type of philosopher was Henri Bergson?
Question: What did the technique in Gliezes' piece Le Depiquage represent?
Answer: relative motion)
Question: Who painted the Wedding, show at Salon des Independants in 1912?
Answer: Léger
Question: Which of Gliezes pieces was featured at Salon de la Section d'Or? 
Answer: Le Dépiquage des Moissons (Harvest Threshing)
Question: What did the technique in Gliezes' piece Le Depiquage not represent?
Question: Who painted the Wedding, show at Salon des Independants in 1913?
Question:  Which of Gliezes pieces was not featured at Salon de la Section d'Or?
Question: Who did not make a response in early cubism?
Question: What did not give form to the notion of simultaneity?
Question: What was the name of the show that introduced Cubism to the USA?
Answer: Armory Show
Question: In what city did the show that introduced Cubism to the USA take place? 
Answer: New York City
Question: Which 1907 piece did Picasso present in the show that introduced Cubism to the USA? 
Answer: Les Arbres
Question: What 1910 piece did Albert Gleizes present in that show that introduced Cubism to the USA? 
Answer: La Femme aux phlox
Question: What was the name of the show that introduced Cubism to China?
Question: In what city did the show that introduced Cubism to Canada take place?
Question: Where did the show go after Boston?
Question: Where did the show go before New York?
Question: Which 1907 piece did Picasso present in the show that introduced Cubism to China?
Question: What was the name of the 1909 Cubist sculpture Picassos created?
Answer: Head of a Woman
Question: What Douglas Cooper call Picasso's 1909 Cubist sculpture?
Answer: The first true Cubist sculpture
Question: Which  Alexander Archipenko piece was similar to other Cubist scupltures of that time?
Answer: Woman Walking
Question: What was the name of the 1907 Cubist sculpture Picassos created?
Question: Who sculpted arm of a woman?
Question: When was Leg of a Woman sculpted?
Question: Which Alexander Archipenko piece was different from other Cubist scupltures of that time?
Question: What did Alexander Archipenko paint in 1915?
Question: What did the critic Maurice Raynal begin to refer to Cubism in around 1917-1920?
Answer: 'crystal' Cubism
Question: Who's concept of duration was left  behind for a for more concrete frame's of references? 
Answer: Henri Bergson's
Question: What was the first time period that a significant change began to happen in Cubism?
Answer: 1914 and 1916
Question: What was the second time period that a significant change began to happen in Cubism?
Answer: between 1917 and 1920
Question: What did the critic Maurice Raynal stop referring to Cubism in around 1917-1920?
Question: Whose concept of duration was not left behind for a for more concrete frame's of references?
Question: What was the first time period that no change began to happen in Cubism?
Question: What was the last time period that a significant change did not happen in Cubism?
Question: Before what year was Cubism considered the most innovative? 
Answer: 1914
Question: With the assistance of what dealer did Cubism return as  a central consideration for artists after World War I?
Answer: Léonce Rosenberg
Question: In what year did Rosenberg exhibit Cubist works at  Galerie de l’Effort Moderne?
Answer: 1918
Question: In which city did Galerie de l’Effort Moderne take place? 
Answer: Paris
Question: Before what year was Cubism considered the least innovative?
Question: With the assistance of what dealer did Cubism return as a central consideration for artists after World War II?
Question: What did not decline in 1925?
Question: In what year did Rosenberg refuse to exhibit Cubist works at Galerie de l’Effort Moderne?
Question:  In which city was Galerie de l’Effort Moderne banned from?
Question: Name the three artists who were in part resonsible for the reemergence of Cubism between 1917 and 1924.
Answer: Gris, Léger and Gleizes
Question: Name the three writers who were in part resonsible for the reemergence of Cubism between 1917 and 1924.
Answer: Pierre Reverdy, Maurice Raynal and Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler
Question: In 1918 which way did the French idealogies shift that effected Cubism?
Answer: conservatism
Question: Name the four artists who were in part resonsible for the reemergence of Cubism between 1917 and 1924.
Question: In 1919 which way did the French idealogies shift that effected Cubism?
Question: What did not remain evolutionary?
Question: What happened to Cubism before 1918?
Question: What two things did Cubism in the early 20th century form an important link between?
Answer: art and architecture.
Question: What are the four formal characteristics that are usually connected with Cubism?
Answer: faceting of form, spatial ambiguity, transparency, and multiplicity.
Question: In which four countries were the impacts of avant garde art particularly strong?
Answer: France, Germany, the Netherlands and Czechoslovakia
Question: What four things did Cubism in the early 20th century form an important link between?