huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: Where was Napoleon crowned King of Italy?
Answer: at the Cathedral of Milan
Question: What was the name of the invasion force Napoleon assembled before the creation of the Third Coalition?
Answer: the Armée d'Angleterre
Question: Where in Northern France were the camps of the Armée d'Angleterre located?
Answer: Boulogne
Question: What country was the Armée d'Angleterre intended to strike at?
Answer: England
Question: What was the name of the later military organization that the Armée d'Angleterre formed the foundation of?
Answer: La Grande Armée.
Question: How many men were in the Grande Armée by 1805?
Answer: 350,000
Question: Napoleon acknowledged that the fleet of France was no match for what rival fleet in direct combat?
Answer: the Royal Navy
Question:  Napoleon's plan to divert the British involved a French Navy attack on what islands?
Answer: the West Indies.
Question:  Napoleon hoped an attack on the West Indies would cause the British to lessen their defenses where?
Answer: the Western Approaches
Question:  Napoleon's naval plan came apart after British triumph at which Battle?
Answer: the Battle of Cape Finisterre
Question: When did the Battle of Cape Finisterre occur?
Answer: July 1805
Question: By August 1805, Napoleon changed the primary target of his army's efforts from the English Channel to what area?
Answer: the Rhine
Question:  On what date did French troops begin to cross the Rhine?
Answer: 25 September
Question: How many French troops were involved in the crossing of the Rhine?
Answer: 200,000
Question: Who was the Austrian commander who led the army at the fortress of Ulm?
Answer: Karl Mack
Question: How many casualties did the French suffer at the Battle of Ulm?
Answer: 2000
Question: In November, after the Ulm Campaign, what city was captured by French forces?
Answer: Vienna
Question:  How many muskets did the French capture in the fall of Vienna?
Answer: 100,000
Question: How many cannons did the French capture when Vienna fell?
Answer: 500
Question: When was the Battle of Austerlitz fought?
Answer: 2 December
Question: In what country was the Battle of Austerlitz fought?
Answer: Moravia
Question: The Allied defeat at what location caused Emperor Francis to doubt the chances of the war effort?
Answer: Austerlitz
Question: What was the name of the treaty signed by France and Austria on 26 December?
Answer: the Treaty of Pressburg
Question: On what date was the Treaty of Pressburg signed?
Answer: 26 December
Question: The Treaty of Pressburg resulted in which country leaving the war?
Answer: Austria
Question: How much did the Habsburgs have to pay as a result of the Treaty of Pressburg?
Answer: 40 million francs
Question: Napoleon's master plan was to establish a French presence in what part of the world?
Answer: the Middle East
Question: In 1806, what Ottoman ruler recognized Napoleon as Emperor?
Answer: Selim III
Question: In what year did Ottoman Emperor Selim III recognize Napoleon as Emperor?
Answer: 1806
Question: Napoleon formed an alliance with the empire of which Persian ruler?
Answer: Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar
Question: In what year did Napoleon's Franco-Persian alliance end?
Answer: 1807
Question: What is the name of the political body composed of German states established by Napoleon in 1806?
Answer: the Confederation of the Rhine
Question: When was the Confederation of the Rhine formed?
Answer: 1806
Question: The existence of the Confederation of the Rhine brought about the end of which imperial power?
Answer: the Holy Roman Empire
Question:  Which Prussian ruler chose to go to war with France for control of Central Europe?
Answer: Frederick William III
Question: What other royal figure strongly influenced Frederick William III's decision to go to war with France?
Answer: Queen Louise
Question: How many troops did Napoleon use for the invasion of Prussia?
Answer: 180,000
Question:  What river did the French cross to engage the Prussian army?
Answer: the Saale
Question: To whom did Napoleon send a letter detailing his plans for the campaign with Prussia?
Answer: Marshal Soult
Question:  On what date were the battles of Jena and Auerstedt fought?
Answer: 14 October
Question: How many Prussian soldiers were captured at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt?
Answer: 140,000
Question: In what 1806 proclamation did Napoleon begin to impose the Continental System?
Answer: the Berlin Decree
Question:  What was the system Napoleon imposed though the Berlin Decree?
Answer: The Continental System
Question: When was the Berlin Decree issued?
Answer: November 1806
Question: In what year was the Battle of Eylau?
Answer: 1807
Question: In what 14 June conflict did Napoleon win a decisive victory over the Russians?
Answer: the Battle of Friedland
Question: What is the name of the Duke who pressured Alexander to make peace with Napoleon?
Answer: Constantine
Question:  Which ocean territories did Napoleon demand Russia cede to France as part of the terms for peace?
Answer: the Ionian Islands
Question: What was the name of the new kingdom Napoleon created from Prussian territories?
Answer: Westphalia
Question: What was the name of the younger brother who Napoleon appointed as the ruler of Westphalia?
Answer: Jérôme
Question:  What was the name of the series of agreements that ended war for a time and allowed Napoleon to return to France?
Answer: the Treaties of Tilsit
Question: Where did the agreements that gave Napoleon time to structure his empire take place?
Answer: Tilsit
Question: One of Napoleon's primary goals was to enforce the Continental System against whom?
Answer: the British
Question: Napoleon chose to focus his attention on which country that flouted his trade restrictions?
Answer: the Kingdom of Portugal
Question: In what year did Portugal experience defeat in the War of the Oranges?
Answer: 1801
Question: After the Franco-Spanish loss at Trafalgar, John VI resumed relations with what nation?
Answer: Britain
Question: When did Napoleon's invasion of Portugal begin?
Answer: 17 October 1807
Question: How many troops did Napoleon send to begin the invasion of Portugal?
Answer: 24,000
Question: Who did Napoleon select to lead the troops sent to invade Portugal?
Answer: General Junot
Question: The invasion of Portugal was the beginning of what six-year conflict?
Answer: the Peninsular War
Question: How many troops did Marshal Murat lead into Spain?
Answer: 120,000
Question: At which 1808 meeting did Napoleon attempt to keep the Russians on his side for future conflicts?
Answer: the Congress of Erfurt
Question: In what year was the Congress of Erfurt held?
Answer: 1808
Question: The Erfurt Convention insisted that Britain stop war against which nation?
Answer: France
Question: The Erfurt Convention recognized the Russian takeover of which formerly Swedish possession?
Answer: Finland
Question: When was the Battle of Corunna fought?
Answer: January 1809
Question: Napoleon left Iberia for Central Europe to deal with whom?
Answer: the Austrians
Question: Approximately how many French troops were kept in Iberia during the Peninsular War?
Answer: 300,000
Question: During the Peninsular War, in what country did guerrilla warfare frequently occur?
Answer: Spain
Question: By what year did the Allies force the French out of the Iberian peninsula?
Answer: 1814
Question:  In what year did the invasion of Russia take place?
Answer: 1812
Question: Who was the Prussian ruler who at first  claimed he would help Austria in its battle with France, but later refused to?
Answer: Frederick William
Question: The finance minister of Austria predicted that if the country kept its large army mobilized, the national treasury would be bankrupt by the middle of what year?
Answer: 1809
Question:  Which Archduke warned that Austria wasn't prepared for an additional conflict with Napoleon?
Answer: Charles
Question: On what date did the Austrian government secretly decide on going to war with France?
Answer: 8 February 1809
Question: On what date did the Austrian army first cross the Inn River?
Answer: 10 April
Question:  Where was Napoleon when he received news of an Austrian invasion?
Answer: Paris
Question:  When Napoleon reached Donauwörth, how much distance were the wings of the Grande Armée separated by?
Answer: 75 miles (121 km)
Question: What was the name of the plan Napoleon devised to cut off the Austrians during battle?
Answer: Landshut Maneuver
Question: What was the name of the conflict where the French defeated Austrian forces and forced them to withdraw to Bohemia?
Answer: Battle of Eckmühl
Question: On what date did the main Austrian army arrive at the Marchfield?
Answer: 17 May
Question:  Who led the main Austrian army?
Answer: Charles
Question: On what date did French forces make their first significant attempt to cross the Danube?
Answer: 21 May
Question: How many soldiers did Charles initially lead against the French at the Battle of Aspern-Essling?
Answer: 110,000
Question: Around how many casualties did the French experience at the Battle of Aspern-Essling?
Answer: 23,000
Question: Approximately how long did Napoleon take to prepare another Danube crossing after his defeat at Aspern-Essling?
Answer: six weeks
Question: On what date did the French begin the re-crossing of the Danube?
Answer: 30 June
Question:  Approximately how many French troops met Charles at the Battle of Wagram?
Answer: 180,000
Question: How many Austrian troops did Charles lead at the Battle of Wagram?
Answer: 150,000
Question: How long did the Battle of Wagram last?
Answer: two days
Question: What was the name of the campaign by the British in Holland that created a second front in the war?
Answer: the Walcheren Campaign
Question: The Walcheren Campaign was intended to relieve the military pressure on whom?
Answer: the Austrians
Question:  On what date did the British army arrive on Walcheren?
Answer: 30 July
Question: What was the popular name of the disease that caused many casualties during the Walcheren Campaign?
Answer: "Walcheren Fever."
Question: When did the British withdraw from Walcheren?
Answer: December 1809
Question: When was the Treaty of Schönbrunn signed?
Answer: October 1809
Question: The goal of Metternich and Archduke Charles regarding the Treaty of Schönbrunn was to attempt the preservation of what?
Answer: the Habsburg Empire
Question: In the Treaty of Schönbrunn, what territory was given to the Poles?
Answer: Galicia
Question: In the Treaty of Schönbrunn, who received the Salzburg area of the Tyrol?
Answer: the Bavarians
Question: Approximately how many subjects did Austria lose as the result of the changes brought about by the Treaty of Schönbrunn?
Answer: three million
Question:  When did Napoleon divorce Josephine?
Answer: January 1810
Question: After his divorce from Josephine, who did Napoleon marry?
Answer: Archduchess Marie Louise
Question: How old was Archduchess Marie Louise when she married Napoleon?
Answer: 18
Question:  When did Marie Louise give birth?
Answer: 20 March 1811
Question: What meeting did Napoleon and Czar Alexander participate in in 1808?
Answer: the Congress of Erfurt
Question: In what year did the Congress of Erfurt take place?
Answer: 1808
Question:  Where did Napoleon and Czar Alexander first meet?
Answer: Tilsit
Question: In what year did Napoleon and Czar Alexander first meet?
Answer: 1807
Question: Violations of what Napoleonic policy by Russia led to tensions between Russia and France?
Answer: the Continental System
Question: What did Napoleon name the war with Russia in an effort to garner support from Poland?
Answer: the Second Polish War
Question: What was the name of the 1768 war that involved the Bar Confederation uprising against Russia?
Answer: the First Polish War
Question: Polish nationalists wanted Russian territories in Poland to be joined with which national entity?
Answer: the Duchy of Warsaw
Question: Napoleon rejected Polish demands for an independent state because of prior promises to which ally?
Answer: Austria
Question: During France's retreat, atrocities were committed against French soldiers by which Russian subjects?
Answer: serfs
Question: To avoid direct fighting with Napoleon, the Russians retreated into which country?
Answer: Russia
Question: Where did the Russians try to resist Napoleon and get defeated?
Answer: Smolensk
Question: In what month were the Russians defeated at Smolensk?
Answer: August
Question: What methods used by the Russian army made it hard for the French to find food?
Answer: scorched earth tactics
Question: On what date did the Battle of Borodino take place?
Answer: 7 September
Question: Approximately how many Russians were hurt, killed, or captured in the Battle of Borodino?
Answer: 44,000
Question:  Around how many French were killed, injured, or taken prisoner in the Battle of Borodino?
Answer: 35,000
Question: Who won the Battle of Borodino?
Answer: the French
Question: What was the name of the governor who ordered the burning of Moscow?
Answer: Feodor Rostopchin
Question: How long did Napoleon stay in Moscow before leaving?
Answer: five weeks
Question: What 1812 event turned Napoleon's attention back to France?
Answer: the Malet coup
Question: Approximately how many French men and horses froze to death on the night of 8/9 November?
Answer: 10,000
Question: When were the Frankfurt proposals made?
Answer: November 1813
Question: The Frankfurt proposals allowed Napoleon to retain what position in France?
Answer: Emperor
Question: The Frankfurt proposals sought to reduce France to what?
Answer: its "natural frontiers."
Question:  Who told Napoleon that the Frankfurt proposals were probably the best terms the Allies would offer?
Answer: Metternich
Question: In what year did Napoleon attempt to resume peace talks?
Answer: 1814
Question: Which peace initiative did Napoleon refer to when he attempted to make peace in 1814?
Answer: the Frankfurt proposals
Question: The new Allied demands for peace insisted France return to its boundaries of what year?
Answer: 1791
Question: In the new Allied peace proposal, what territory would France have been forced to surrender?
Answer: Belgium
Question: On what date did Alexander speak to the Sénat conservateur?
Answer: 1 April
Question:  The Sénat conservateur became hostile to Napoleon due to whose efforts?
Answer: Talleyrand's
Question: What was the act passed by the Sénat conservateur that deposed Napoleon?
Answer: the Acte de déchéance de l'Empereur
Question: Where had Napoleon advanced to when he received word that Paris was lost?
Answer: Fontainebleau
Question: What did Napoleon's senior officers and marshals do when he suggested they march on Paris?
Answer: mutinied
Question: In which treaty was Napoleon exiled?
Answer: the Treaty of Fontainebleau
Question: What is the name of the island Napoleon was exiled to?
Answer: Elba
Question: In what sea is Elba located?
Answer: the Mediterranean
Question: The allies permitted Napoleon to keep what title?
Answer: Emperor
Question: When Napoleon was exiled, where did his wife and son go for shelter?
Answer: Austria
Question: On what date was Napoleon contacted by the 5th Regiment?
Answer: March 7, 1815
Question:  When Napoleon suggested to the 5th Regiment that they kill him, how did they respond?
Answer: "Vive L'Empereur!"
Question:  Ney had told Louis XVIII that he would carry Napoleon to Paris in what kind of container?
Answer: an iron cage
Question:  After fleeing France, where did Louis XVIII go?
Answer: Belgium
Question: Where did Napoleon return and find that the populace and government had turned against him?
Answer: Paris
Question:  On what date did Napoleon abdicate?
Answer: 22 June
Question:  How many days after his abdication did Napoleon leave Paris?
Answer: three days
Question:  On what date did the Coalition forces arrive near Paris?
Answer: 29 June
Question:  When Napoleon left Paris, he went to the palace formerly belonging to whom?
Answer: Josephine
Question: In what year did Louis Philippe I get permission to return Napoleon's remains to France?
Answer: 1840
Question:  On what date was a state funeral held for Napoleon?
Answer: 15 December 1840
Question: At what location did the hearse carrying Napoleon's remains begin its procession?
Answer: the Arc de Triomphe
Question:  In what building was the cupola where Napoleon's remains were first placed located?
Answer: St Jérôme's Chapel
Question: In what year was Napoleon's final tomb completed?
Answer: 1861
Question: What was the name of Napoleon's valet?
Answer: Louis Marchand
Question:  What was the possible cause for Napoleon's death suggested in a 1961 Nature paper?
Answer: arsenic poisoning
Question: In 1961, who suggested the possibility that Napoleon died from ingestion of arsenic?
Answer: Sten Forshufvud
Question: What condition was Napoleon's body in when it was moved in 1840?
Answer: well preserved
Question: What substance used in Napoleon's treatment is it suggested prevented his stomach from expelling arsenic compounds?
Answer: potassium tartrate
Question: What do those who think Napoleon was poisoned cite as a symptom that would suggest this?
Answer: his thirst
Question: According to Patrick Knize, what conclusion does the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair shafts suggest?
Answer: that he was murdered
Question: In what year was the article describing the type of arsenic found in Napoleon's hair published?
Answer: 2007
Question: Studies published in 2007 and 2008 dismiss what possible cause of Napoleon's death?
Answer: arsenic poisoning
Question: Studies published in 2007 and 2008 support what possible causes of Napoleon's death?
Answer: peptic ulcer and gastric cancer
Question:  A 2008 study supporting the original autopsy findings related to Napoleon's death analyzed samples of what substance taken from Napoleon and his family?
Answer: hair
Question: The 2008 study related to Napoleon's death found that hair collected from Napoleon's hair as well as that of his family and contemporaries, had arsenic levels approximately how many times higher than current averages?
Answer: 100 times
Question: What type of marriage did Napoleon have with Joséphine de Beauharnais?
Answer: civil
Question: What did Napoleon display tolerance related to during his time in Egypt?
Answer: religion
Question: General Dupuy revealed the motives for Napoleon's religious tolerance after the death of which religious figure?
Answer: Pope Pius VI
Question: Who argued that Bonaparte's admiration for Muhammad was sincere?
Answer: Juan Cole
Question: Napoleon's marriage to Joséphine de Beauharnais lacked what kind of ceremony?
Answer: religious
Question:  Where was Napoleon crowned Emperor?
Answer: Notre Dame de Paris
Question: Who crowned Napoleon Emperor?
Answer: Pope Pius VII
Question: When did Napoleon marry Marie Louise?
Answer: 1 April 1810
Question: What did Napoleon abolish in Spain in 1813, during his brother's rule there?
Answer: the Spanish Inquisition
Question: What is the name of the 1801 document that aimed for reconcilliation between revolutionaries and Catholics?
Answer: the Concordat of 1801
Question: Along with Napoleon, who signed the Concordat of 1801?
Answer: Pope Pius VII
Question: The Concordat of 1801 strengthened the position of which church as the majority church of France?
Answer: the Roman Catholic Church
Question:  What is the exact date on which the Concordat of 1801 was signed?
Answer: 15 July 1801
Question: What were the Organic Articles a part of?
Answer: the Concordat
Question: Despite the Concordat, the balance of the relationship between the church and state had swung in whose favor?
Answer: Napoleon's
Question: Other than Napoleon, who else found the Concordat to be of use?
Answer: the pope
Question:  The children of France were given a catechism that taught them to love and respect whom?
Answer: Napoleon
Question: In what year did Napoleon say that skilled rulers were able to both control and use priests?
Answer: 1801
Question: How tall was Napoleon, in feet and inches?
Answer: 5 ft 6 in
Question: How tall was Napoleon in centimeters?
Answer: 168 cm
Question: How do historians describe Napoleon in his use of France's financial, bureaucratic, and diplomatic systems?
Answer: an innovator
Question: What is the name of the historian who stresses Napoleon's "rare combination of will, intellect, and physical vigour?"
Answer: George F. E. Rudé
Question: How do historians describe Napoleon's impact on people in one-on-one encounters?
Answer: hypnotic
Question:  When did Napoleon win victories at Austerlitz and Jena?
Answer: 1805-06
Question:  In what year did the Russian campaign take place?
Answer: 1812
Question: Who argues that Napoleon's triumphs at Austerlitz and Jena increased his self-grandiosity?
Answer: Dwyer
Question: What did Napoleon do at cards, though he repaid losses?
Answer: cheated
Question: What did Napoleon reorganize to supply the personnel and money required to fight great wars?
Answer: France
Question: How many soldiers did Wellington believe Napoleon's presence on the field was worth?
Answer: 40,000
Question: Who said that Napoleon's presence on the battlefield was worth 40,000 soldiers?
Answer: Wellington
Question: In what year did the Battle of Auerstadt take place?
Answer: 1806
Question: Who led the Prussian forces that outnumbered Napoleon at the Battle of Auerstadt?
Answer: King Frederick William III
Question: What abbreviated term did the British often use to refer to Napoleon?
Answer: Boney
Question: Which segment of the British press often showed Napoleon as being much shorter than average?
Answer: Tory
Question: What height was Napoleon incorrectly listed as at his time of death?
Answer: 5 feet 2 inches
Question: What was Napoleon's actual height, in feet and inches?
Answer: 5 ft 6 in
Question: After becoming First Consul, Napoleon typically wore the uniform of which rank, rather than general?
Answer: colonel
Question:  What is the name of the regiment that frequently served as Napoleon's escort?
Answer: the Chasseur à Cheval of the Imperial Guard
Question: What color was the uniform that Napoleon usually wore on Sundays?
Answer: blue
Question: What color stockings did Napoleon usually wear?
Answer: white
Question:  What color culottes did Napoleon typically wear?
Answer: white
Question: What was the name of the first central bank in France, that Napoleon established?
Answer: the Banque de France
Question: What was the name of the agreement that Napoleon arrived at with the Catholic Church?
Answer: the Concordat of 1801
Question: What other document was presented along with the Concordat of 1801?
Answer: the Organic Articles
Question: What did the Organic Articles regulate in France?
Answer: public worship
Question: What is the name of the empire Napoleon dissolved that later led to unification in Germany?
Answer: the Holy Roman Empire
Question: What was the contemporary term for the set of civil laws created by Napoleon?
Answer: the Code Civil
Question: What is the Code Civil frequently referred to as now?
Answer: the Napoleonic Code
Question: What is the name of the person who supervised the preparation of the Code Civil?
Answer: Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès
Question: What was a code published under Napoleon that enacted rules related to due process?
Answer: Code of Criminal Instruction
Question:  Napoleon's use of artillery led to its increased importance after what year?
Answer: 1807
Question: What did Napoleon use as the initial means of breaking down enemy defenses, rather than the traditional reliance on infantry?
Answer: artillery
Question: Who rejects the theory that the increased use of artillery by the French was due to declining quality of infantry and numbers of cavalry?
Answer: McConachy
Question: What system, introduced in September 1799, was unpopular among much of French society?
Answer: the metric system
Question: What year did Napoleon pass legislation that introduced traditional units of measurement for retail trade?
Answer: 1812
Question:  How many grams were in the livre metrique?
Answer: 500
Question: How many grams were in the livre du roi?
Answer: 489.5
Question: What acts by Napoleon laid the groundwork for modernized Education in France and much of Europe?
Answer: Napoleon's educational reforms
Question: What language did Napoleon make the only official one?
Answer: French
Question: What did Napoleon offer to secondary education?
Answer: public support
Question: What is the name for the state secondary schools begun by Napoleon that were intended to standardize education across France?
Answer: lycées
Question: Along with modern and classical languages, what were all students in the lycées taught?
Answer: the sciences
Question: As late as what year were the Continental powers willing to give Napoleon most of the gains and titles he had acquired?
Answer: 1808
Question: Who continue to debate whether Napoleon was an enlightened despot, or a megalomaniac?
Answer: historians
Question: Some scholars maintain Napoleon's excessive aggression and pushing caused what to collapse?
Answer: his empire
Question: Who put a stop to the lack of law and presence of disorder in post-Revolutionary France?
Answer: Napoleon
Question: Napoleon's decision to reinstate what practice in France's overseas colonies has caused controversy regarding his reputation?
Answer: slavery
Question: Who considered Napoleon to be a tyrant and a usurper?
Answer: his opponents
Question: Napoleon's role in which revolution has caused controversy regarding his reputation?
Answer: the Haitian Revolution
Question: Who charge that Napoleon was untroubled by the prospect of war and death for thousands?
Answer: His critics
Question: Where in France were plundered artifacts brought in an effort to create a great central museum?
Answer: the Musée du Louvre
Question: Who compared Napoleon to Hitler in 1947?
Answer: Pieter Geyl
Question: Who compared Napoleon to Hitler in 2005?
Answer: Claude Ribbe
Question: In 1973, which historian objected to comparisons between Napoleon and Hitler?
Answer: David G. Chandler
Question: Which historian describes Napoleon's legacy in terms of years spent at war, numbers of European dead, and France's bankruptcy and loss of colonies?
Answer: Victor Davis Hanson
Question: Which historian views Napoleon's legacy as one of having set back the European economy for a generation through war?
Answer: McLynn
Question: Which historian counters criticism of Napoleon by suggesting that the wars he fought were the responsibility of enemies of the Revolution, rather than that of Napoleon?
Answer: Vincent Cronin
Question: How many years of wars does Victor Davis Hanson claim are part of Napoleon's military record?
Answer: 17
Question: Approximately how many Europeans dead does Victor Davis Hanson assert are part of Napoleon's military record?
Answer: six million
Question: Napoleon's skillful employment of what technique aided his rise to power, legitimized his rule, and improved his posthumous reputation?
Answer: propaganda
Question: Napoleon employed what practice in controlling aspects of the media, books, and the arts?
Answer: censorship
Question: Napoleon's propaganda plan was aimed at showing him as attempting to bring peace and stability to what country?
Answer: France
Question: Napoleon created a relationship with the art community to commission work specifically targeting what segment of his audience?
Answer: civilian
Question: Rumors of Napoleon's return from what location were often used as an inspiration for his followers?
Answer: St. Helena
Question: Anniversaries of Napoleon's life and reign were sometimes celebrated in an effort to disrupt what?
Answer: royal celebrations
Question: Destabilization of what regime was the main goal of Napoleon's followers?
Answer: the Bourbon regime
Question: Seditious material distributed by Napoleon's followers often displayed the tricolor, and what other design?
Answer: rosettes
Question: When did militaristic Boulangism collapse?
Answer: the late 1880s
Question: What year was Victorien Sardou's Madame Sans-Gêne written?
Answer: 1893
Question: What year was Maurice Barrès's Les Déracinés written?
Answer: 1897
Question: In what year was Edmond Rostand's L'Aiglon written?
Answer: 1900
Question: In what year was André de Lorde and Gyp's Napoléonette written?
Answer: 1913
Question: After the fall of Napoleon, many countries retained what system of law?
Answer: Napoleonic Code
Question: Outside Europe, Napoleonic Code has been used as the basis for certain parts of what?
Answer: law
Question: How can the memory of Napoleon in Poland be characterized as?
Answer: favorable
Question: Poland views Napoleon in a positive light partially based on his opposition to what country?
Answer: Russia
Question: One reason Poland views Napoleon favorably is due to his abolition of what form of indentured servitude?
Answer: serfdom
Question: What is the name of the empire Napoleon dissolved?
Answer: the Holy Roman Empire
Question: How many German states were there before Napoleon began to reduce their numbers?
Answer: 300
Question: How many German states remained after Napoleon reduced their numbers?
Answer: less than 50
Question: How much did Napoleon sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States for?
Answer: 15 million dollars
Question: Who did Napoleon marry in 1796?
Answer: Joséphine de Beauharnais
Question: In what year did Napoleon marry Joséphine de Beauharnais?
Answer: 1796
Question: How old was Napoleon when he married Joséphine de Beauharnais?
Answer: 26
Question: How old was Joséphine de Beauharnais when she was married to Napoleon?
Answer: 32
Question: What was the disliked name Joséphine de Beauharnais was known as before she met Napoleon?
Answer: Rose
Question: What was the name of the illegitimate son acknowledged by Napoleon?
Answer: Charles Léon
Question: Who was the mother of Charles Léon?
Answer: Eléonore Denuelle de La Plaigne
Question: Who was Napoleon's illegitimate son by his mistress, Maria Walewska?
Answer: Alexandre Colonna-Walewski
Question:  DNA from Alexandre Colonna-Walewski's descendants has been used to confirm what attribute of Napoleon's?
Answer: Napoleon's Y-chromosome haplotype
Question: Who was the child of Emilie Victoria Kraus who might have been another of Napoleon's illegitimate children?
Answer: Eugen Megerle von Mühlfeld
Question: Approximately how many of the world population speak German as a native language? 
Answer: 100 million
Question: Of the population that speaks German as a native language how many of them consider themselves to be German?
Answer: 80 million
Question: How many of the worlds population claim German ancestors?
Answer: 80 million
Question: what is the total number of Germans both native speaking and heredity in the world?
Answer: between 100 and more than 150 million
Question: Where in Brazil is most of the German descendants located?
Answer: mainly in the South Region of the country
Question: How many native German speakers in the world are there?
Answer: 100 million
Question: How many native German speakers consider themselves German?
Answer: 80 million
Question: How many people in the world claim to be from German ancestry?
Answer: 100 and more than 150 million
Question: Where do an additional 80 million German natives live?
Question: How many people single ethnic Germans are there in the world?
Question: What emperor forced the Germanic tribes to the east side of the Rhine?
Answer: Julius Caesar
Question: In what did Emperor Augustus order the conquest of the Germans? 
Answer: 12 BC
Question: The Romans suffered a horrible defeat in there conquest of the Germans in what battle? 
Answer: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
Question: Roman's adoption of what religion would greatly influence the German society? 
Answer: Christianity
Question: Through what act would Roman and German customs become intertwine? 
Answer: Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried
Question: Which Roman emperor ordered the conquest of the Germans?
Answer: Augustus
Question: What religion did Germans adopt?
Answer: Christianity
Question: What battle did Germans defeat the Romans?
Answer: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest r
Question: Who ordered the conquest of the Germans in the 1200's BC
Question: Who did the Romans defeat ate the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest?
Question: What did the Romans get from the Germans?
Question: What identity did Roman culture form?
Question: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what groups in the east?
Answer: Balts and Slavs
Question: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what group in the south?
Answer: Celts
Question: The Limes Germanicus was breached in what year?
Answer: AD 260
Question: Who allied with the Germans after previous fighting them along side the Romans?
Answer: the Huns
Question: What leader had both prominent German and Hun families in his entourage throughout Europe? 
Answer: Attila
Question: When was the Limes Germanicus breached?
Answer: AD 260
Question: Who did the Germans come in contact with to the south?
Answer: Celts
Question: Which Germanic tribe did the Huns cooperate with?
Answer: Ostrogoths
Question: What language did the Huns adopt?
Answer: East Germanic
Question: What happened to the Huns after Attila's death?
Answer: either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans
Question: During what period did the Germanic people have little contact with other people?
Question: What was breached in the 2nd century AD?
Question: What happened to the Huns after the Roman Empire collapsed?
Question: what part of Europe did the Huns conquer for Rome?
Question: how many tribes are credited with the creation of the modern day germans?
Answer: five tribes
Question: In modern day what is still influenced by the  five tribes?
Answer: German language
Question: What king united the tribes in the 9th century? 
Answer: Charlemagne
Question: What part of Germany became mostly Slavonic-speaking due to migration?  
Answer: Eastern Germany
Question: The tribes that moved out of east Germany took to inhabit what fallen empires lands?
Answer: Roman Empire
Question: What five tribes are attributed with coalescing into a German ethnicity?
Answer: Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii
Question: What 6th tribe is sometimes included with the original 5 German tribes?
Answer: Frisians
Question: Who united the 5 tribes?
Answer: king Charlemagne
Question: What century did King Charlemagne reign? 
Answer: 9th
Question: What modern ethnic group was formed by 6 migrating tribes?
Question: Who was united in the 900's?
Question: Who ruled the territory of modern Germany in the 900's?
Question: Where did Slavonic tries migrate to from Eastern Germany?
Question: What period in history do we see the emergence of German culture?
Answer: High Middle Ages
Question: The kingdom of Germany formed within what outer established empires?
Answer: East Francia
Question: When was the Title King of the Germans first used?
Answer: late 11th century
Question: Who coined the phrase "king of the Germans"
Answer: chancery of Pope Gregory VII,
Question: Who was given the prilavage of being called the first King of the Germans?
Answer: Henry IV
Question: When did a German ethnicity emerge?
Answer: the Middle Ages
Question: When is the title of rex teutonicum first used?
Answer: the late 11th century
Question: Who first used rex teutonicum?
Answer: Pope Gregory VII
Question: When is ein diutscher first used?
Answer: 12th century
Question: What does ein diutscher mean?
Answer: a German
Question: What ethnicity emerged following the Middle Ages?
Question: What kingdom was formed in the 900's?
Question: What two empires formed the kingdom of Germany?
Question: What title is first used in the 1100's?
Question: What term has been used to refer to the people of the region since the 1200's?
Question: The Expansion of Germany  by the Catholic Church into the areas of the Slavs and balts is know as what?
Answer: Ostsiedlung
Question: What was the name of the group that waged war in the Baltic?
Answer: Catholic German Teutonic Knights
Question: Who was the Old Prussians ethnic group related to?
Answer: Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples
Question: Although conquered the Persian language lived on till when?
Answer: 17th or early 18th century
Question: Who is a famous German that  name has Slavic origins?
Answer: Karl von Clausewitz
Question: When was the Prussian language extinct?
Answer: 17th or early 18th century
Question: What happened to the Slavic people of the Baltic?
Answer: were assimilated into German culture
Question: Who led the German expansion?
Answer: the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers
Question: What famous German military strategist has a name with Slavic origin?
Answer: Karl von Clausewitz
Question: What let to the assimilation of Baltic and Slavic populations?
Answer: Massive German settlement
Question: What language was extinct by the 1700 or early 1800's
Question: Who conquered the Catholic German Teutonic Knights?
Question: Who held back the German expansion?
Question: What was the German aristocracy known as?
Question: German's domination of trade in the Eastern Europe was credited to what?
Answer: naval innovations
Question: Because of the increased trade what places became the hubs of German culture?
Answer: Hanseatic trade stations
Question: What was promoted due to wealth and power of the German families?
Answer: Stadtrecht
Question: the holy roman empire due to its many different conquests was seen as what type of society?
Answer: multi-ethnic and multi-lingual
Question: What helped the Germans dominate trade?
Answer: naval innovations
Question: What is the German work for German town law?
Answer: Stadtrecht
Question: Was the Hanseatic league exclusively German?
Answer: The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German
Question: What other ethnicities, besides German were part of The Empire?
Answer: Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish
Question: What lead to the defeat of the Hanseatic League?
Question: What type of law was opposed by wealthy Germans?
Question: What empire did members of the Hanseatic League come from?
Question: What Empire was ethnically German?
Question: By what time period had many of the Jewish  population joined the Holy Roman Empire?
Answer: Middle Ages
Question: The Jewish populations upon migrating into the German society mingled languages to form what new language? 
Answer: Yiddish
Question: What cause the tolerance and mixing  into German Society to end for the Jews?
Answer: Crusades
Question: What language did many of the Jews speak after the crusades? 
Answer: German
Question: What language did the Jews speak prior to assimilating into German culture?
Answer: Judeo-French
Question: After assimilating to German culture, what language did the Jews adopt?
Answer: Yiddish.
Question: When did Jewish assimilation end?
Answer: during the Crusades
Question: What happened to the Jews during the crusades?
Answer: forcefully expelled from Germany
Question: What group assimilated into German culture following the Middle Ages?
Question: What sped up Jewish assimilation into German society?
Question: Who migrated to Germany during the Crusades?
Question: Where was Yiddish spoken after the Crusades?
Question: What was one of the main factors that caused the dissolve of the Holy Roman Empire?
Answer: Napoleonic Wars
Question: What assured  Europe would remain the same preventing Germany from becoming one country?
Answer: Congress of Vienna
Question: When was the Crimean War?
Answer: 1856
Question: When was Germany's unification? 
Answer: 1860s
Question: What prominent Jewish German  sought German unification in the mid 19th century?
Answer: Eduard Lasker
Question: What was the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
Answer: The Napoleonic Wars
Question: What two countries emerged as competitors after the Congress of Vienna?
Answer: Austria and Prussia
Question: Who led the way for the Congress of Vienna?
Answer: Austria
Question: In what decade was German unification?
Answer: 1860s
Question: Who was Eduard Lasker?
Answer: a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century
Question: what wars lead to the expansion of the Holy Roman Empire?
Question: What declined after the fall of the Holy Roman Empire?
Question: What quest began in the 1900's?
Question: Where was Prussia trying to remain the dominate power?
Question: who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid 1900's?
Question: in What conflict of the German war did the Prussians successfully create the North German Confederation?
Answer: (Battle of Königgrätz
Question: What was Germany going to be called if Prussian won?
Answer: Little Germany
Question: What was Austria not willing to give up to settle the conflict?
Answer: non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire
Question: When did Austria and Prussia go to war?
Answer: 1866
Question: Who won the battle of Koniggratz?
Answer: Prussia
Question: What did the Prussians want Germany to unify under?
Answer: Little Germany
Question: What was created when the Prussians defeated Austria??
Answer: North German Confederation
Question: Who did Austria go to war with in the late 18th century?
Question: Who did the Austrians defeat at the Battle of Koniggratz?
Question: What land was Prussia unwilling to give up?
Question: Who did Austria want ti unify as little Germany?
Question: Who won the Franco-Prussian War?
Answer: Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany
Question: When was the German Empire founded?
Answer: 1871
Question: What regions was excluded from the German Empire?
Answer: effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy
Question: What was the primary religion of Germany?
Answer: Protestant
Question: When was the German empire created?
Answer: 1871
Question: Who was excluded from the German Nation State?
Answer: Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein
Question: What religion was a majority in Germany?
Answer: Protestant
Question: What did many people in Germany still want to do?
Answer: Integrating the Austrians
Question: When did Prussia attack France?
Question: What war started in the late 18th century?
Question: What empire was formed in the late 18th century?
Question: Who did the Catholics want to exclude from the German Empire?
Question: Who resisted the uniting of people under Hitler?
Answer: The Swiss
Question: The Swiss has viewed themselves as their own country since what year?
Answer: 1648
Question: Who welcomed the idea in area such as Sudetenland and Poland?
Answer: ethnic Germans
Question: Who headed the Nazis?
Answer: Adolf Hitler
Question: Who resisted the Nazi idea of uniting all Germans from the get go?
Answer: The Swiss
Question: Since when had the Swiss viewed themselves as a different nation?
Answer: 1648
Question: When was the Peace of Westphalia?
Answer: 1648
Question: Who wanted to unite all of the Germans all over the area?
Answer: The Nazis
Question: Where did ethnic Germans emigrate to under Adolf Hitler?
Question: Who considered themselves a separate nation since the 16th century
Question: What did Germans in Sudetenland resist?
Question: With the conclusion of World War 2 what did most Eastern Europe countries do with their German citizens?
Answer: expelled the Germans
Question: How long did many of the Germans live in the eastern Europe countries before being expelled? 
Answer: for centuries
Question: Approximately how many Germans were expelled from their home after world war II?
Answer: 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens
Question: After World War II where were Germans forced to relocate to?
Answer: westwards to allied-occupied Germany
Question: How many Germans were expelled after WWII?
Answer: Between 12 and 16,5 million
Question: After what war were Germans expelled from their territories? 
Answer: World War II
Question: Where were Germans that were inhabiting other lands expelled to?
Answer: allied-occupied Germany
Question: Where in eastern Europe did Germans settle after World War II?
Question: How many ethnic Germans left allied Germany following World War II?
Question: Who was expelled from eastern Europe after World War II?
Question: How was early German culture developed?
Answer: literary and religious figures
Question: What man is credited with the emergence of the German nation?
Answer: Johann Gottfried Herder
Question: When did the popularity of the German nation increase?
Answer: aftermath of the French Revolution
Question: What is credited with creating the Origins of a German identity?
Answer: Protestant Reformation
Question: Who developed the concept of a German Nation?
Answer: Johann Gottfried Herder
Question: When did the popularity of a German identity arise?
Answer: in the aftermath of the French Revolution
Question: Who was Johann Herder?
Answer: German philosopher
Question: What movement slowed the spread of a German identity?
Question: What concept was developed by Martin Luther?
Question: What literay and religious figures helped spread German culture in europe?
Question: Residence that speak German as their mother tongue and  families have been in place for generations are often consider?
Answer: most German
Question: What is the name given to Germans who family left but came back to the lands?
Answer: Aussiedler
Question: What is the name of  gven to the population that lives outside of current Germany boundary but still within historic Germany?
Answer: Restdeutsche
Question: What are refugees from Germany that still speak German referred to?
Answer: Auswanderer
Question: People who have generations of family in Germany, and look and speak German are classified as what?
Answer: most German
Question: Who are people of German ancestry but have lived in other parts of Europe, then returned to Germany?
Answer: Aussiedler
Question: What are people who have ancestral roots in Germany, but now live outside of Germany called?
Answer: Restdeutsche
Question: What are people called who have left Germany but still speak German?
Answer: Auswanderer
Question: Who are people of German ancestry living in western Europe?
Question: What is the term for people who's families emigrated from Germany and may or may not still speak German?
Question:  Restdeutsche live in lands that where never part of what?
Question: What are all people who's first language is German called?
Question: What languages is German related to?
Answer: English and Dutch
Question: How many natives speak German?
Answer: 100 million
Question: What is the most commonly spoken language in the European Union?
Answer: German
Question: What is the dominant language of science?
Answer: English
Question: How many people speak German around the world?
Question: What is the most widely spoken language around the world?
Question: Where has German replaced English as the dominant language?
Question: What was English the dominant language of before the 20th century?
Question: How many Germans live in Brazil?
Answer: 5 million
Question: How many people in the world have German heritage?
Answer: 100 million
Question: America is home to what percentage of German decedent people?
Answer: one third
Question: How many people of German  decent live in the Americas?
Question: How many German speaking people live in Brazil?
Question: How many German speaking people live around the world?
Question: What countries claim 1 million people of German descent between them?
Question: When was Leibniz an active philosopher?
Answer: 17th century
Question: What German philosopher inspired Schopenhauer and Nietzsche?
Answer: Kant
Question: In the late 19th century, which German philosopher helped develop the idea of communism?
Answer: Engels
Question: When was the University of Berlin founded?
Answer: 1810
Question: What German philosopher is from the 1700's?
Question: What did the German philosopher Kant shape in the Middle Ages?
Question: What did Engels develop in the 1900's?
Question: What did Heideggar do in the 2000's?
Question: What university was founded in the 18th century?
Question: Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?
Answer: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
Question: In what year, was the first Nobel Prize in Physics won?
Answer: 1901
Question: Where is the Walhalla temple located?
Answer: Bavaria
Question: What two people were important to the creation of modern physics?
Answer: David Hilbert and Max Planck
Question: What did Werner Heisenberg lay the foundation for?
Question: Who further developed Heisenberg's work?
Question: What prize was first given in the 19th century?
Question: Who got a Nobel Prize in Physics in the 19th century for discovering the X-ray?
Question: In what tradition of music did Brahms Wagner and Hadyn achieve fame?
Answer: Austro-German
Question: Who marked the switch from classical to romantic eras in classical music?
Answer: Beethoven
Question: What composers marked the transition from the Romantic to the Classical eras?