huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What are popular ways that fish are used in Burma ?
Answer: fresh, salted whole or filleted, salted and dried, made into a salty paste, or fermented sour and pressed.
Question: What was the first motion picture about someone's life filmed in Myanmar ?
Answer: Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein
Question: Why was this film relevant enough to be the first ?
Answer: Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London.
Question: Before the advent of talking pictures, what was the name of the first movie in Myanmar and when was it 's debut ?
Answer: first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920
Question: Following the end of the second World War, what was a still a popular theme among films makers in Burma ?
Answer: After World War II, Burmese cinema continued to address political themes
Question: Where any of the Burmese films ever used as an instrument to influence the people ?
Answer: Many of the films produced in the early Cold War era had a strong propaganda element to them.
Question: Which group originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, in the part of the Levant known as the Land of Israel?
Answer: Jews
Question: Who consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, and the kingdom of Judah?
Answer: Israelites
Question: What were incoming nomadic groups known as?
Answer: Hebrews
Question: When did Jews originate as a national and religious group in the Middle East?
Answer: during the second millennium BCE, in the part of the Levant known as the Land of Israel
Question: What appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel?
Answer: The Merneptah Stele
Question: What national and religious group originated in the first millennium BCE?
Question: What confirms the existence of the Ancient Egyptians?
Question: Who was an outgrowth of the Israelite population?
Question: What was a major feature of the Babylonian history, identity, and memory?
Question: When did the people of Israel cease to be associated with the god El?
Question: What percentage of Jews reside in the U.S.?
Answer: 40%
Question: How many Jews live in Europe?
Answer: 1.4 million
Question: What is one reason the world population of Jews difficult to determine?
Answer: issues with census methodology
Question: How many non Jewish people live in Israel?
Question: How many non Jewish people live in the United States?
Question: Why is the world population of Jews easy to measure?
Question: What percentage of non Jews live in the United States?
Question: What is not a factor in who is a Jew?
Question: What is another word to describe a Jew?
Answer: Ebreo
Question: What is a Russian word used to describe a Jew?
Answer: Еврей, Yevrey
Question: Ebreo is an Italian word derivation of what word?
Answer: Hebrew
Question: How do you say Hebrew in German?
Question: How do you say Hebrew in Portuguese?
Question: How do you say Hebrew in French?
Question: What German word is the origin of the word "Hebrew"?
Question: How do you say Yiddish in Italian?
Question: Where did Jacob and his family migrate to?
Answer: Ancient Egypt
Question: Who led the Exodus?
Answer: Moses
Question: Who was Jacob's son?
Answer: Joseph
Question: Who was Joseph's father?
Answer: Jacob
Question: Who lived in Canaan before the 18th century BCE?
Question: Who invited the Pharaoh to live in Egypt?
Question: When did Canaan conquer the Israelites?
Question: Who invited Joseph to live in Egypt?
Question: How long were the Egyptians enslaved?
Question: What is one of the Ancient Canaanite deities?
Answer: Yahweh
Question: The period of time from 1200 to 1000 BCE is known as what?
Answer: Iron Age
Question: How has historical archaeology treated the historicity of the Patriarchs?
Question: How did the Israelites take over the region according to historical archaeology?
Question: What god did the Ancient Canaanites not worship?
Question: The period of time before 1200 BCE is known as what?
Question: What gave rise to a distinct Canaanite ethnic group?
Question: When was the Kingdom of Israel conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire?
Answer: after the 720s BCE
Question: From where do the Jews derive their ethonynm?
Answer: Israelite tribes of Judah
Question: How many tribes were the Samaritans split into?
Question: Who do the tribes of Judah descend from?
Question: Where did the Southern Kingdom of Israel migrate to?
Question: Who assimilated before the 720s BCE?
Question: When did the Kingdom of Israel conquer the Neo-Assyrian Empire?
Question: How many times did Israelites have political independence in ancient history? 
Answer: twice
Question: From where did the term Jews originate?
Answer: Roman "Judean
Question: When was land divided into Israel and Judah?
Answer: After the fall of the United Monarchy
Question: Inhabitants of Judah are known as what?
Answer: Jews
Question: When did the Babylonian exile end?
Answer: 539 BCE
Question: How many times did Israelites enjoy political independence in modern times?
Question: What term denoted someone from the northern kingdom of Judah?
Question: When did Nebuchadnezzar II build the First Temple?
Question: When did Judah first become an independent kingdom?
Question: When did most Jews stop living in diaspora?
Question: Genetic studies show that Jews bear their strongest resemblance to the peoples of where?
Answer: Fertile Crescent
Question: How far back does the Jews' shared common genetic pool date?
Answer: 4,000 years
Question: Most Jews share a common genetic heritage that originates from what place?
Answer: Middle East
Question: What people do Jews show the least genetic resemblance to?
Question: How far back does the people of the Fertile Crescent's shared genetic pool date?
Question: Most people of the Fertile Crescent share a common heritage that originates from where?
Question: What do people of the Fertile Crescent share besides genetics?
Question: What is one thing that Jews were not able to maintain?
Question: What book is considered a religious interpretation of the traditions and early national history of the Jews?
Answer: The Hebrew Bible
Question: What religions are now practiced by 54% of the world?
Answer: Abrahamic religions
Question: What is the Hebrew Bible?
Answer: a religious interpretation of the traditions and early national history of the Jews
Question: What is a religious interpretation of the traditions and history of Europe?
Question: What is not practiced by 54% of the world?
Question: Where have Jewish culture phenomena never developed?
Question: What percentage of the world does not follow an Abrahamic religion?
Question: Where have specifically religious Jewish customs developed?
Question: What makes the definition of a Jew vary slightly? 
Answer: whether a religious or national approach to identity is used
Question: Which religion shares some characteristics of a nation, an ethnicity, a religion and a culture?
Answer: Judaism
Question: What doesn't share any characteristics with a nation?
Question: How many groups do Jews include in modern religious usage?
Question: How many groups do Jews include in historical secular usage?
Question: Who is not included as a Jew in modern secular usage?
Question: What has no effect on the definition of who is a Jew?
Question: What have historical definitions of Jewish identity been based on?
Answer: halakhic definitions of matrilineal descent, and halakhic conversions
Question: Historical definitions of who a Jew is dates back to what year?
Answer: 200 CE
Question: What is used as a warning against intermarriage between Jews and Canaanites?
Answer: Jewish sages
Question: What have historical definitions of Jewish identity never been based on?
Question: When was the Babylonian Talmud codified into the Oral Torah?
Question: What section of the Tanakh encouraged intermarriage?
Question: What movement in the 18th and 19th centuries was pro religious?
Question: What interpretations of Jewish identity have never been challenged?
Question: Who believed the status of the offspring of mixed marriages was determined patrilineally in the Bible?
Answer: Shaye J. D. Cohen
Question: What dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage, offspring would follow the mother?
Answer: Roman law
Question: What is one explanation for the change in Mishnaic times?
Answer: the Mishnah may have been applying the same logic to mixed marriages as it had applied to other mixtures
Question: Who believed that the status of offspring of mixed marriages was determined matrilineally in the Bible?
Question: How many explanations were there for the lack of change in Mishnaic times?
Question: What dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage, offspring would follow the father?
Question: What did Roman law dictate if a parent contracted a legal marriage?
Question: What unions were allowed along with mixed marriages?
Question: Between what years did Jews increase to an estimated 2 million?
Answer: 200 CE – 500 CE
Question: Name one thing that has accounted for Jewish population growth?
Answer: conversion
Question: Where did the Jews migrate to before the Babylonian conquest?
Question: How many Jews lived in Babylonia before the 1st century?
Question: How many Jews lived in Babylonia after 500 CE?
Question: How did the Jewish population increase before the 1st century?
Question: How many Jews lived outside of the Roman Empire?
Question: What is a tax imposed on Jews in 70 CE?
Answer: The Fiscus Judaicus
Question: When did the FIscus Judaicus relax to exclude Christians?
Answer: 96 CE
Question: Name one reason historians believe the conversion during the Roman era was limited in number and did not account for much of the Jewish population growth?
Answer: illegality of male conversion to Judaism
Question: What religion was it legal to convert to in the Roman world from the mid-2nd century?
Question: Where was it legal to convert to Judaism?
Question: What made conversion easy in the Roman world?
Question: When was the Fiscus Judaicus expanded to also include Christians?
Question: What was a tax imposed on non Jewish citizens in 70 CE?
Question: What resulted in effective and long-term isolation of Jewish communities?
Answer: An array of Jewish communities was established by Jewish settlers in various places around the Old World, often at great distances from one another
Question: Name one way Jewish cultural expressions differ in each community?
Answer: religious interpretations
Question: Name another way Jewish cultural expressions differ in each community?
Answer: culinary preferences
Question: What did not cause ethnic divisions between Jews?
Question: Where did Jewish people not settle?
Question: What is one way Jewish cultural expressions stayed the same in each community?
Question: What is another way Jewish cultural expressions stayed the same in each community?
Question: At what time did Jewish communities not develop under the influence of their local environments?
Question: Name one major group that Jews are often identified as belonging to.
Answer: Ashkenazim
Question: Name another major group that Jews are often identified as belonging to?
Answer: Sephardim
Question: What does Ashkenaz mean in Hebrew?
Answer: Germany
Question: What is the more common term in Israel for many of those broadly called Sephardim?
Answer: Mizrahim
Question: What does Mizrach mean in Hebrew?
Answer: East
Question: How many major groups do the Ashkenazim belong to?
Question: What term means "Westerners" in Israel?
Question: What does Ashkenaz mean in German?
Question: What word means "Spain" in Spanish?
Question: What two groups are not ethnically distinct?
Question: In modern usage, why is Mizrahim sometimes termed Sephardi?
Answer: due to similar styles of liturgy
Question: When did the expulsion of Jews from Spain and Portugal occur?
Answer: the 1490s
Question: Where are the Teimanim from?
Answer: Yemen
Question: What is always clear between these groups?
Question: Why are Mizrahim sometimes termed Sephardi in historical usage?
Question: What Jews are not included in the Mizrahim?
Question: When were the Jews welcomed into Spain and Portugal?
Question: Where are the Georgian Jews from?
Question: What group of Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry?
Answer: Ashkenazi Jews
Question: Which group represents at least 70% of Jews worldwide?
Answer: Ashkenazi Jews
Question: Why does Ashkenazim represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents?
Answer: As a result of their emigration from Europe
Question: In what country does the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim?
Answer: France
Question: Who represents the minority of modern Jewry?
Question: Which group represents less than 70% of Jews worldwide?
Question: What is a country where Ashkenazi Jews have not emigrated to?
Question: Why do Sephardim represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World?
Question: Where is the Jewish population least representative of all groups?
Question: What is also termed lason ha-kodesh, "the holy tongue?"
Answer: Hebrew
Question: What are the Hebrew scriptures called?
Answer: Tanakh
Question: What are the two languages of the Babylonian Talmud?
Answer: Hebrew and Aramaic
Question: What is a closely related tongue to Hebrew?
Answer: Aramaic
Question: What is Judaism termed?
Question: What language did the Jews never speak?
Question: How many Jews spoke Greek before the 3rd century BCE?
Question: What language was the Babylonian Talmud not written in?
Question: What language did the Jews of Israel not use at that time?
Question: What is the Judaeo-German language developed by Ashkenazi Jews who migrated to Central Europe?
Answer: Yiddish
Question: What is the Judaeo-Spanish language developed by Sephardic Jews who migrated to the Iberian peninsula?
Answer: Ladino
Question: Name one reason the ancient and distinct Jewish languages have largely fallen out of use?
Answer: Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries
Question: For how long have Jews not spoken the local languages of the regions they migrated to?
Question: What have Jews never spoken?
Question: What language was developed by Ashkenazi Jews who migrated to the Iberian peninsula?
Question: What was not a factor in Jewish languages falling out of use?
Question: What is a Jewish language that has not fallen out of use?
Question: What language is spoken by more Jews in history than any other language?
Answer: Yiddish
Question: North Africans continue to use what language as their mother tongue?
Answer: North Africans
Question: What are the three most commonly spoken languages among Jews today?
Answer: Hebrew, English, and Russian
Question: South African Jews adopted which language?
Answer: English
Question: Which language has by and far superseded most Jewish vernaculars?
Answer: English
Question: When was Hebrew last commonly used?
Question: What language has surpassed English as a Jewish vernacular?
Question: What are the three least commonly spoken languages among Jews?
Question: What language have Ashkenazi Jews adopted outside of Quebec?
Question: What group has shifted from a monolingual group to a multilingual one?
Question: Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with what group?
Answer: Jewish and Middle Eastern groups
Question: Jewish traditions place most Jewish paternal origins in which region?
Answer: Middle East
Question: Which lineages are generally more heterogeneous?
Answer: maternal lineages
Question: What tends to imply a large number of founders in an old population?
Question: What do male line ancestors appear to be outside of Jewish populations?
Question: Who believes many Jewish males did not find new mates from European communities?
Question: What percent of Ashkenazi Jews originate from four male founders?
Question: What did studies carried out by Feder not confirm?
Question: What has become increasingly important as the technology deveops?
Answer: autosomal DNA
Question: Mizrahi Jews show evidence of admixture with whom?
Answer: Middle Eastern populations and Sub-Saharan Africans
Question: What looks at a small part of the DNA mixture?
Question: What has become less important as technology develops?
Question: What does not show shared Middle Eastern ancestry?
Question: Who did Behar say has an especially close relationship with Sephardi Jews?
Question: What is the least parsimonious explantion for shared Middle Eastern ancestry?
Question: What are Sephardic Bnei Anusim?
Answer: descendants of the "anusim" forced converts to Catholicism
Question: Who are descendants of the "anusim" forced converts to Catholicism?
Answer: Sephardic Bnei Anusim
Question: What percentage of Iberians are Sephardic Bnei Anusim?
Answer: 19.8%
Question: Who are the descendants of the willing converts to Catholicism?
Question: What percentage of historical Iberia was Sephardic Bnei Anusim?
Question: What percentage of ancient Ibero-America was Sephardic Bnei Anusim?
Question: What population does not have some more remote ancient Jewish descent?
Question: What other population does not have some more remote ancient Jewish descent?
Question: What years did the Jewish population rise from 800,000 to two million?
Answer: 1948 and 1958
Question: What is the population of Israel?
Answer: 6 million
Question: Between 1974 and 1979, how many immigrants arrived in Israel?
Answer: 227,258
Question: What did the Jewish population rise to before 1948?
Question: What percent of the Israeli population is not Jewish?
Question: What were the latest years of the State of Israel marked by?
Question: Before 1974 how many immigrants arrived in Israel?
Question: Where did this period see a decrease in immigration to Israel?
Question: How many Jews live in Canada?
Answer: 315,000
Question: How many Jews live in Argentina?
Answer: 180,000-300,000
Question: How many Jews live in Brazil?
Answer: 196,000-600,000
Question: Where do less than half of Jews live?
Question: Where is the smallest Jewish community located?
Question: How many Jews live in Mexico?
Question: What do demographers agree on?
Question: When did the United States surpass Israel in Jewish population?
Question: How many Jews live in France?
Answer: between 483,000 and 500,000
Question: What is the population of Jews in the United Kingdom?
Answer: 292,000
Question: What is Western Europe's smallest Jewish community?
Question: Where are the majority of immigrants in the United Kingdom's Jewish community from?
Question: How many Israelis live outside of Germany?
Question: How many Jews immigrated to Germany before the fall of the Berlin Wall?
Question: What is a slowly increasing Jewish community?
Question: Prior to 1948, how many Jews were living in lands which now make up the Arab world (excluding Israel)?
Answer: 800,000
Question: When did a small-scale exodus begin in many countries?
Answer: early decades of the 20th century
Question: The only substantial aliyah came from where?
Answer: Yemen and Syria
Question: How many Jews lived in Arab world prior to 1948, including Israel?
Question: What percentage of Jews lived in Pahlavi Iran?
Question: How many Jews lived outside of the Arab world prior to 1948?
Question: Where did the last large scale exoduses of the 1940s and 1950s occur?
Question: When did the migration of Iranian Jews hit its lowest point?
Question: When did the advent of the Jewish Enlightenment occur?
Answer: 18th century
Question: What was a result of the Jewish Enlightenment?
Answer: growing trend of assimilation
Question: Name a Jewish community that disappeared entirely?
Answer: Kaifeng Jews of China
Question: Where did assimilation never take place?
Question: What Jewish community has never disappeared?
Question: What encouraged Jews to not participate in secular society?
Question: What has not been caused by Jews assimilating?
Question: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in the United States?
Answer: just under 50%
Question: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in the United Kingdom?
Answer: 53%
Question: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in France?
Answer: 30%
Question: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in Mexico?
Answer: as low as 10%
Question: What is the rate of interreligious marriage in Australia?
Answer: as low as 10%
Question: What does not vary by much?
Question: How many children from intermarriage affiliate with Jewish religious practice in the United Kingdom?
Question: How many children from intermarriage affiliate with Jewish religious practice in France?
Question: Why do most countries in the Diaspora have increasing religiously Jewish populations?
Question: Where are Jews not assimilating into?
Question: In the Papal States, what is the name for the specified neighborhoods where Jews were required to live?
Answer: ghettos
Question: What promoted hatred of Jews because of their descent?
Answer: bad antisemitism
Question: What existed after 1870?
Question: Where were Jews required to live outside of in the Papal States?
Question: Who did not make a distinction between "good" and "bad" antisemitism?
Question: What conspiracies were alleged about the Catholic Church?
Question: What did the "bad" kind of antisemitism not promote?
Question: What is the per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Muslim males known as?
Answer: jizya
Question: Which group had an inferior status under Islamic rule?
Answer: Dhimmis
Question: What was the disability described by Bernard Lewis as "most degrading?"
Answer: requirement of distinctive clothing
Question: What religions have a simple relationship?
Question: Who did not have to pay the jizya?
Question: Who had a superior status under Muslim rule?
Question: What was a prohibition placed on Muslims under Christian rule?
Question: What was the least degrading prohibition placed on non Muslims?
Question: Who was forced into confinement in mellahs?
Answer: Moroccan Jews
Question: When did the confinement of Moroccan Jews in mellahs begin?
Answer: 15th century
Question: What dynasty did not massacre Jews?
Question: Where were Jews in Islamic Persia confined to?
Question: Where were Jews confined after the 19th century?
Question: What was conflated with anti-Zionist publications in historical times?
Question: What Jewish movements have made antisemitic pronouncements?
Question: What resulted in the massacre of Jews?
Answer: First Crusade
Question: Who led the Spanish Inquisition?
Answer: Tomás de Torquemada
Question: According to the American Journal of Human Genetics, what percentage of modern Iberian population has Sephardic Jewish ancestry?
Answer: 19.8%
Question: What methods were never used on Jewish populations?
Question: What was not sufficient to silence dissent?
Question: Who was the First Crusade led by?
Question: What was opposed by the Russian Tsars?
Question: What percent of the historical Iberian population has Sephardic Jewish ancestry?
Question: How many Jews were slaughtered in the Holocaust?
Answer: approximately 6 million
Question: Worldwide, how many Jews were there in 1939?
Answer: 15 million
Question: What was the state-led systematic persecution and genocide of European Jews and other minority groups?
Answer: The Holocaust
Question: In 1939, what fraction of Jews were killed in The Holocaust?
Answer: more than a third
Question: Where did the persecution reach its lowest amount?
Question: How many Jews were not killed in the Holocaust?
Question: When was legislation to remove the Jews from civil society struck down?
Question: How many Jews were there before 1939?
Question: What happened when the Third Reich conquered territory in Western Europe?
Question: What is one method used to prevent intermarriage?
Answer: pursuing secular Jews in order to give them a stronger Jewish identity
Question: What is the trend for secular Jews to become more religiously observant known as?
Answer: the Baal Teshuva movement
Question: Who leads the movement that pursues secular Jews in order to give them stronger Jewish identity?
Answer: Orthodox
Question: Why do secular Jews persue Orthodox movements?
Question: Why has there been a trend for secular Jews to become less religious?
Question: Who has a shrinking rate of conversion?
Question: What is the trend for Jews to become less religiously observant called?
Question: When have Jews made efforts to be less religiously observant?
Question: To what date has cotton been dated?
Answer: 5000 BC
Question: Where in India has cotton been found from prehistoric times?
Answer: Indus Valley
Question: In what Central American country has cotton use been found from early times?
Answer: Mexico
Question: What machinery has lead to the  easily made and widespread use of cotton?
Answer: cotton gin
Question: What is the most frequent use of cloth?
Question: To what date has the cotton gin been dated?
Question: Where in India has the cotton gin been found from prehistoric times?
Question: In what Central American country has cotton gin use been found from early times?
Question: What textile has lead to the easily and widespread use of cotton?
Question: Where in Southeast Asia has early use of cotton been discovered?
Answer: Mehrgarh, Pakistan
Question: To what period has cotton been dated in Pakistan?
Answer: Neolithic
Question: When did the Indus Valley Civilization cover parts of India and Pakistan?
Answer: 3300 and 1300 BCE
Question: Until what event did the ancient methods of spinning and fabrication of cotton last?
Answer: industrialization
Question: During what time did cotton become widely used in India?
Answer: 2000 and 1000 BC
Question: Where in Southeast Asia has early use of industry been discovered?
Question: To what period has industry been dated in Pakistan?
Question: When did cotton cover parts of Inida and Pakistan?
Question: Until what event did the ancient methods of bead spinning last?
Question: During what time did copper beads become widely used in India?
Question: Use of cotton in Iran dates back to what period?
Answer: Achaemenid era
Question: When was the Achaemenid era?
Answer: 5th century BC
Question: In what source can references to cotton be found in Iran?
Answer: Persian poets' poems
Question: What 13th century explorer saw cotton in Persia?
Answer: Marco Polo
Question: What Frenchman in the 17th century noted cotton farming in Persia?
Answer: John Chardin
Question: Us of cotton in France dates back to what period?
Question: When was the Persian era?
Question: In what source can references to cotton be found in France?
Question: What 13th century explorer saw cotton in France?
Question: What Frenchman in the 13th century noted cotton farming in Persia?
Question: When did cotton begin to be commercially grown in Egypt?
Answer: 1820's,
Question: What French businessman convinced the ruler of Egypt to grow cotton for the French market?
Answer: M. Jumel
Question: Who was ruler of Egypt in the 1820s?
Answer: Mohamed Ali Pasha
Question: How high had cotton revenues risen by the time of the American Civil War?
Answer: $56 million
Question: How many bales of cotton were produced by Egypt by 1903?
Answer: 1.2 million bales a year
Question: When did cotton begin to be commercially grown in the US?
Question: What French businessman convinced the ruler of Egypt to grow cotton for the US market?
Question: Who was ruler of Egypt in 1903?
Question: How high had cotton revenues risen by the time of the French Civil War?
Question: How many bales of cotton were produced by Egypt by 1820?
Question: What ancient writer gave later eras the idea that cotton might be a tree?
Answer: Herodotus
Question: What 1350 writer stated that cotton was produced by sheep that grew on trees?
Answer: John Mandeville
Question: By the end of what century was cotton grown in the Americas and Asia?
Answer: 16th century
Question: Why was it easy for people to believe that cotton grew on sheep that grew in plants?
Answer: similarities to wool
Question: What was cotton viewed as in the late medieval period in Asia?
Question: What ancient writer gave later eras the idea that wool might be a tree?
Question: What 1350 writer stated that wool was produced by sheep that grew on trees?
Question: By the end of what century was cotton grown in Germany?
Question: Why was it easy for people to believe that cotton grew on sheep that grew in northern Europe?
Question: During what centuries did British rule effect Indian cotton production?
Answer: late 18th and early 19th
Question: What British business's policies damaged the Indian cotton industry?
Answer: British East India Company
Question: What cotton products did British law mandate that India was allowed to sell?
Answer: raw cotton
Question: If instead of producing fabrics, where was India forced to purchase cotton products?
Answer: Britain
Question: How did East India rule effect Indian cotton processing?
Question: During what centuries did East India rule effect Indian cotton production?
Question: What British business's policies damaged the British cotton industry?
Question: What cotton products did Indian law mandate that India was allowed to sell?
Question: Where was the British East India Company forced to purchase cotton products?
Question: When was a new spinning machine patented that boosted cotton production?
Answer: 1738
Question: What device did James Hargreaves invent?
Answer: spinning jenny
Question: What was Samuel Crompton's invention of 1775?
Answer: spinning mule
Question: Whic British city was nicknamed "Cottonopolis" because of its cotton production?
Answer: Manchester
Question: What event produced an expansion of John Wyatt's cotton industry?
Question: When was a new spinning machine patented that boosted frame production?
Question: What device did Manchester invent?
Question: What was Samuel Crompton's invention of 1769?
Question: Which British city was nicknamed "Cottonopolis" because of its frame production?
Question: What American invented the cotton gin?
Answer: Eli Whitney
Question: Before the use of the cotton gin, how was cotton separated?
Answer: by hand
Question: What business development did the British use to establish a hold on the global cotton market?
Answer: commercial chain
Question: From what source was raw cotton first bought and later resold?
Answer: colonial markets
Question: What invention improved the cotton industry in both Holmes and Britain?
Question: What British person invented the cotton gin?
Question: Before the use of the cotton gin, how were bales separated?
Question: What business development did the Americans use to establish a hold on the global cotton market?
Question: From what source were cotton gins first bought and later resold?
Question: What was the difference that made American cotton preferred over Indian cotton?
Answer: longer, stronger fibers
Question: In the 1840s, what country could no longer adequately supply the British cotton mills?
Answer: India
Question: Besides buying from the American plantations, where else in the western hemisphere did Britain buy cotton?
Answer: Caribbean
Question: By what time had cotton become prominent in the American economy of the south?
Answer: mid-19th century
Question: What was cotton called in the 19th century?
Answer: King Cotton
Question: What was the difference that made Indian cotton preferred over British cotton?
Question: In the 1840s, what country could no longer adequately supply the Indian cotton mills?
Question: Besides buying from the American plantations, where else in the western hemisphere did India buy cotton?
Question: By what time had cotton become prominent in the Indian economy of the south?
Question: What was America called in the 19th century?
Question: When did the American cotton industry fail?
Answer: American Civil War
Question: To what county's cotton did European buyers turn due to the American Civil War?
Answer: Egyptian
Question: What characteristic of American cotton attracted buyers after the end of the Civil war?
Answer: cheap
Question: What did the abandonment of Egyptian cotton mean to the Egyptian economy?
Answer: bankruptcy
Question: When did the Egyptian cotton industry fall?
Question: What action of the Union damaged the French cotton exports?
Question: To what country's cotton did Southern buyers turn due to the American Civil War?
Question: What characteristic of Egyptian cotton attracted buyers after the end of the Civil war?
Question: What did the abandonment of Southern cotton mean to the Egyptian economy?
Question: What was the procedure called which involved workers to work for a share of the profits? 
Answer: sharecropping
Question: What difficulty in harvesting cotton required a large labor force?
Answer: hand-pick
Question: Besides adults what segment of the southern US population was involved in the harvesting of cotton?
Answer: children
Question: What function of southern schools was created for children to pick cotton?
Answer: split vacations
Question: What part of the southern population worked as sharecroppers?
Answer: landless
Question: What was the procedure called which involved the South to work for a share of the profits?
Question: What difficulty in harvesting cotton required a larger economy?
Question: Besides adults what segment of the southern US population was involved in school systems?
Question: What function of southern schools was created for adults to pick cotton?
Question: What part of the southern population worked as farmers?
Question: What is the optimum amount of rainfall for cotton growth?
Answer: 600 to 1,200 mm
Question: In what soil type does cotton prefer to grow ?
Answer: heavy
Question: Why is cotton grown as an annual crop?
Answer: control pests
Question: Where in the US is considered the best place to grow cotton on Earth?
Answer: South Plains
Question: What type of tolerances make cotton an ideal crop for semiarid areas?
Answer: salt and drought
Question: What is the minimum amount of rainfall for cotton growth?
Question: In what rainfall type does cotton prefer to grow?
Question: Why is cotton grown as a regional crop?
Question: Where in the US is considered the best place to control pests on Earth?
Question: What type of tolerances make cotton an ideal crop for the Northern hemisphere?
Question: What form of cotton is GM?
Answer: Genetically modified
Question: What bacterium is used to produced GM cotton?
Answer: Bacillus thuringiensis
Question: What farming pest management technique does the use of GM grown plants promote?
Answer: noninsecticide
Question: What part of the life cycle of moths does Bt toxin effect?
Answer: larvae
Question: To stop refinance on what was GM larvae developed?
Question: What form of larvae is larvae?
Question: What farming pest management technique does the use of larvae grown plants promote?
Question: What part of the life cycle of cotton does Bt toxin effect
Question: What bacterium is used to produce larvae cotton?
Question: In what year did a research study find that the use of Bt toxin plants failed to be effective after 7 years?
Answer: 2006
Question: On what did a 2009 study conclude that increased insects were dependent?
Answer: temperature and rainfall
Question: What did a 2012 study suggest  was halved by the use of GM plants?
Answer: pesticides
Question: What did the 2012 study say was doubled by the use of GM cotton?
Answer: ladybirds, lacewings and spiders
Question: How much of the Earth's cotton crops are planted in GM cotton?
Answer: 69%
Question: On what did a 2009 study conclude that increased pests were dependent?
Question: What did a 2012 study suggest was halved by the use of secondary plants?
Question: What did the 2012 study say was doubled by the use of Chinese cotton?
Question: How much of the Earth's cotton crops are planted in China?
Question: How much GM cotton was planted in 2009?
Question: How much area was planted in India in GM cotton in 2011?
Answer: 10.6 million hectares
Question: What was the percentage of GM cotton planted in India in 2011?
Answer: 88%
Question: Waht country has the largest area of GM cotton on Earth?
Answer: India
Question: At what rank does US GM cotton stand in the world?
Answer: second largest
Question: What percentage of Australia's cotton crop was GM in 2009?
Answer: 95%
Question: How much area was planted in India in GM cotton in 2009?
Question: What was the percentage of GM cotton planted in India in 2009?
Question: What country has the largest area of non-transgenic cotton on Earth?
Question: At what rank does US non-trangenic cotton stand in the world?
Question: What percentage of Australia's cotton crop was non-transgenic in 2009?
Question: Without what are organic plants meant to be grown ? 
Answer: synthetic agricultural chemicals
Question: What is meant by synthetic chemicals?
Answer: fertilizers or pesticides
Question: What group in the US determines the allowed practices in organic agriculture?
Answer: National Organic Program
Question: How much organic cotton was produced worldwide in 2007?
Answer: 265,517 bales
Question: What are NOP plants understood to be?
Question: Without what are NOP plants meant to be grown?
Question: What is meant by NOP chemicals?
Question: What group in the US determines the allowed practices in 24 countries?
Question: How much sythetic cotton was produced worldwide in 2007?
Question: What insect is the most destructive pest in cotton growing in the US?
Answer: boll weevil
Question: What program has effectively eliminated the boll weevil in the US?
Answer: Boll Weevil Eradication Program
Question: What is the organization that instigated the Boll Weevil Eradication Program?
Answer: US Department of Agriculture
Question: What form of cotton contains a genetically modified gene?
Answer: Bt cotton
Question: On what does the use of Bt cotton reduce reliance?
Answer: synthetic insecticides.
Question: What insect is the most destructive pest in cotton growing in the BWEP?
Question: What program has effectively eliminated pests in the US?
Question: What is the organization that instigated the boll weevil?
Question: What form of cotton contains a genetically modified pest?
Question: On what does the use of BWEP reduce reliance?
Question: What is the cotton harvesting machine that removes the boll with damaging the plant?
Answer: cotton picker
Question: What machine strips off the entire head of the cotton plant?
Answer: cotton stripper
Question: What weather conditions mandate the planting of stripper types of cotton?
Answer: windy
Question: What type of plant is cotton?
Answer: perennial
Question: How are most plants harvested?
Question: What is the cotton harvesting machine that removes the bolll and damages the plant?
Question: What machine strips off the chemicals off the cotton plant?
Question: What weather conditions mandate the planting of defoliation types of cotton?
Question: What type of plant is defoliant?
Question: When was rayon first made in France?
Answer: 1890s
Question: What type of industry produced a growing chain of synthetic fibers?
Answer: chemicals industry
Question: What was manufactured completely from petrochemicals?
Answer: Nylon
Question: What company produced nylon and acrylic in the 1930s and 1940s?
Answer: DuPont
Question: What was the first polyester fiber?
Question: When was polyester first made in France?
Question: What type of industry produced a growing chain of DuPont?
Question: What was manufactured completely from DuPont?
Question: What company produced polyester and nylon in the 1930s and 1940s?
Question: What prompted a help program produced by cotton producers in the 1960s?
Answer: decline in market share
Question: What law was passed in 1966 to aid cotton producers?
Answer: Cotton Research and Promotion Act
Question: What type of competitors does the 1966 act help combat?
Answer: synthetic competitors
Question: Where has the Cotton Research and Promotion Act made cotton the best selling fiber?
Answer: U.S.
Question: What did producers of cotton have to re-establish after the market declined?
Answer: markets for cotton
Question: What prompted a help program produced by investments in the 1960s?
Question: What law was passed in 1966 to aid investments?
Question: What type of competitors does the 1966 act help?
Question: Where has the Cotton Research and Promotion Act made synthetics the best selling fiber?
Question: What did producers of synthetics have to re-establish after the market declined?
Question: Besides new cotton fibers, what type of fibers can be used to make cotton products?
Answer: recycled or recovered cotton
Question: With what is cotton often blended to make a new style of fabric?
Answer: synthetic fibers
Question: What kinds of fabrics can be made from blended fibers?
Answer: knitted or woven
Question: For what can cotton yarn be used?
Answer: crochet and knitting
Question: For what are jeans used to make?
Question: Besides new cotton fivers, what type of fivers can be used to make elastine?
Question: With what is cotton often blended to make a new style of elastine?
Question: What kinds of fabrics can be made from stretch jeans?
Question: For what can cotton elastine be used?
Question: For what is cottonseed used after it is separate from the fibers?
Answer: cottonseed oil
Question: What product is processed cottonseed oil?
Answer: vegetable oil.
Question: What is cottonseed meal used for feed?
Answer: ruminant livestock
Question: For what purpose are cottonseed hulls used in feed?
Answer: roughage
Question: As what did early scientists describe gossypol ?
Answer: poisonous pigment
Question: For what is cottonseed used after it is separate from root bark?
Question: What product is processed cottonseed bark?
Question: For what purpose is root bark used in feed?
Question: As what did early scientists describe cottonseed oil?
Question: What inhibits the development of root bark?
Question: What do cotton linters look like?
Answer: fine, silky fibers
Question: What are cotton linters called in the UK?
Answer: cotton wool
Question: What is cotton wool called in the US?
Answer: absorbent cotton
Question: What individual first used cotton wool medically?
Answer: Sampson Gamgee
Question: What part of wool is used for paper manufacture?
Question: What does wool look like?
Question: What are cotton linters called in the U.S.?
Question: What individual first used wool medically?
Question: Where did Sampson Gamgee first use wool medically?
Question: What is a fine, tightly twisted type of cotton fabric?
Answer: Cotton lisle
Question: What is lisle considered to be as a fabric?
Answer: strong and durable
Question: What does extra twisting of lisle thread produce?
Answer: single thread
Question: Where was the lisle thread originally made?
Answer: Lisle, France
Question: How is color perceived to be for lisle in comparison to softer yarns? 
Answer: more brilliant
Question: What is a fine, tightly twisted type of cotton glove?
Question: What is lisle considered to be as a city?
Question: What does extra twisting of gloves produce?
Question: Where were gloves originally made?
Question: How is color perceived to be for gloves in comparison with stockings?
Question: In 2009 what were the largest producers of cotton?
Answer: China and India
Question: How do the US and Africa rank as exporters of cotton?
Answer: largest exporters
Question: What is the combined international trade in cotton?
Answer: $12 billion
Question: What company is the top cotton broker in Africa?
Answer: Dunavant Enterprises
Question: Where is Dunavant Enterprises based?
Answer: Memphis, Tennessee
Question: In 2009 what were the largest importers?
Question: How do the US and Africa rank as exporters of rice?
Question: What is the combined international trade in rice?
Question: What company is the top cotton broker in India?
Question: Where is Cargill based?
Question: How many subsidized cotton growers are in the US?
Answer: 25,000
Question: What is the rate of subsidies of cotton growers in the US?
Answer: $2 billion per year
Question: What country provides the highest rate of support for cotton growers?
Answer: China
Question: Which former colonies still have tight monopolies on cotton brokering?
Answer: French
Question: Where in Africa is it possible to buy out brokerages in cotton?
Answer: former British colonies
Question: How many subsidized cotton growers are in Africa?
Question: What is the rate of subsidies of cotton growers in Africa?
Question: What country provides the highest rate of support for colonies?
Question: Which former colonies still have tight monopolies on colonies?
Question: Where in the United States is it possible to buy out brokerages in cotton?
Question: What are the African countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali referred to as in the cotton industry?
Answer: Cotton-4
Question: What has the Cotton-4 been in regards to the US cotton subsidies?
Answer: leading protagonist
Question: What could the US do that would please the foreign cotton industry concerning cotton subsidies?
Answer: reduction
Question: What organization has Brazil tried to use to curb US cotton subsidies?
Answer: WTO's Dispute Settlement Mechanism
Question: What was Brazil's argument against Chad's cotton industry?
Question: What has the Cotton-4 been in regards to the cotton industry?
Question: What could the US do that would please the WTO concerning cotton subsidies?
Question: What organization has the US tried to use to curb Brazilian subsidies?
Question: When were cotton subsidies introduced?
Question: What usage that causes worker damage have some countries been reported doing? 
Answer: exposure to pesticides
Question: What country has been accused of forced child and adult labor?
Answer: Uzbekistan
Question: Where does Uzbekistan rank as a cotton exporter?
Answer: third largest
Question: What system was started in 2005 to deal with organic and ethically produced products?
Answer: fair trade
Question: What type of footwear have some countries come under fire for employing?
Question: What usage that causes footwear damage have some countries been reported to doing?
Question: What country has been accused of fair fashion?
Question: Where does Mali rank as a cotton exporter?
Question: What system was started in 2005 to deal with forced labor?
Question: What is the final sequencing goal of sequencing diploid cotton genomes first ?
Answer: tetraploid cotton
Question: What type of cotton has two separate genomes within its nucleus? 
Answer: Tetraploid
Question: When did a group of researchers decide to sequence the genomic structure of tetraploid cotton?
Answer: 2007
Question: What type of genome must be sequenced first to prevent confusion before the tetraploid form?
Answer: diploid
Question: In order to understand the tetraploid forms, what must be used as a comparison in cotton gene sequencing?
Answer: diploid counterparts
Question: What is the final sequencing goal of sequencing tetraploid genomes first?
Question: What type of cotton has two separate genomes within its sequence?
Question: When did a group or researchers decide to sequence the genomic structure of diploid counterparts?
Question: What type of genome must be sequenced first to prevent confusion before GORGE?
Question: In order to understand the tetraploid forms, what must be used as a comparison in cotton GORGE?
Question: What companies finished much of the sequencing of the D genome?
Answer: Monsanto and Illumina
Question: When was the sequencing of D genome of G.  raimondii mostly completed?
Answer: 2010
Question: What did Monsanto and Illumina say they would do with the research?
Answer: donate
Question: What is the seeming result of donating genetic cotton sequencing to the public?
Answer: public relations
Question: What plants are the goal of sequencing wild forms of cotton?
Answer: cultivated varieties
Question: What companies finished much of the sequencing of the BAC genome?
Question: When was the sequencing of D genome of AD, raimondii mostly completed?
Question: What did Monsanto and Illumina say they would do with the D genome of G?
Question: What is the seeming result of donating genetic cotton sequencing to the AD genomes?
Question: What plants are the goal of sequencing wild forms of BAC?
Question: What can be either lossy or lossless?
Answer: Compression
Question: What reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy? 
Answer: Lossless compression
Question: What is the process called of reducing the size of a data file?
Answer: data compression
Question: What is the process called of encoding at the source of the data before it's processed?
Answer: source coding
Question: What involves encoding information using fewer bits than the channel coding?
Question: What can not be lossy or lossless?
Question: What reduces bits by identifying and eliminating source coding?
Question: What is the process called of reducing the size of a lossless?