huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What is the size of Antarctica in square miles?
Answer: 5,400,000
Question: What is Antarctica's ranking among the continents?
Answer: fifth-largest
Question: How many miles long is Antarctica's coast line?
Answer: 11,165
Question: What continent is largely north of the Antarctic Circle?
Question: What ocean does Antarctica surround?
Question: What other oceansbesides the Southern Ocean does Antarctica surround?
Question: What coninent is 1.3 times smaller than Europe?
Question: What surrounds the Southern Ocean?
Question: What continent covers more than 14,000,000 sq mi?
Question: What continent is 3.1 times as large as Europe?
Question: What measures 17,968 square miles?
Question: What is positioned symmetrically around the South Pole?
Question: What sea plankton doe many sea creatures rely on to live?
Answer: phytoplankton
Question: What breed of penguin lives in Antarctica?
Answer: emperor penguin
Question: During what season does the emperor penguin breed?
Answer: winter
Question: What feature does the rockhopper penguin have around its eyes?
Answer: feathers
Question: Which penguin breeds the furterest south of all the penguin breeds?
Answer: Adélie
Question: What do the phytolankton depend on?
Question: What animals live on the continent of Antarctica?
Question: What is the only penguin that breeds on Antarctica?
Question: What penguin breeds south of Antarctica?
Question: What type of feathers do king penguins have?
Question: What do marine animals directly rely on?
Question: What is the Adelie penguin the only one to do during winter in Antarctica?
Question: What direction does the Emperor penguin go further than any other to breed?
Question: How high is the Antarctic mountain Vinson Massif?
Answer: 4,892 m
Question: In what mountainous area of Antarctica is Vinson Massif?
Answer: Ellsworth Mountains
Question: What is the Earth's most southern volcano?
Answer: Mount Erebus
Question: What type of volcano was located in 2004 by researchers?
Answer: underwater
Question: What is the highest peak in the world?
Question: What mountains are 4,892 ft high?
Question: What is the worlds most active volcano?
Question: Wha island has the southern most volcano in the world?
Question: Who found the forst underwater volcano?
Question: What is the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 ft?
Question: How tall is Massif Vinson?
Question: Where is Massif Vinson located?
Question: What is Mount Ross considered to be?
Question: What island had a volcanic eruption in 1907?
Question: What group led the fight to prevent mineral development in Antarctica?
Answer: Greenpeace International,
Question: When was the treaty to regulate mining agreed upon?
Answer: 1988
Question: Which two countries refused to ratify the treaty to regulate mineral use in Antarctica?
Answer: Australia and France
Question: What was the alternate treaty offered by Australia and France?
Answer: Madrid Protocol
Question: What began in 1938?
Question: What does CARMAR stand for?
Question: What year was the CARMAR adopted?
Question: Who announced they would not ratify the CARMAR?
Question: What was entered into force on 14 January 1983?
Question: What did most of Gondwana become when the polar ice melted?
Answer: desert
Question: What plants were abundant during this time?
Answer: pteridosperms
Question: What type of reptiles were common during the early Triassic?
Answer: Synapsids
Question: When did the Antarctic peninsula form?
Answer: Jurassic period
Question: During what period did Gondwana begin to break apart?
Answer: Cretaceous
Question: What caused polar ice caps to form on Gondwana?
Question: What type of plamdt became abundent on Gondwana?
Question: What type of animal was coomon during the Late Triassic?
Question: What penninsula formed during the Triassic period?
Question: Why did Eastern Antarctica become?
Question: What type of rock was laid down in Eastern Gondwana?
Question: What began to form during the years 204-166 Ma?
Question: What types of trees and plants appeared during the Triassic period?
Question: What period is marked by the years 166-46 Ma?
Question: What is the supposed source of most Antarctica meteorites?
Answer: asteroids
Question: When was the first meteorite found in Antarctica?
Answer: 1912
Question: What expedition found nine meteorites in 1969?
Answer: Japanese
Question: What is it about Antarctic meteorites that is different form meteorites found in other places?
Answer: well-preserved.
Question: What was first found in 1921?
Question: What was the name of the 1921 meteorite?
Question: What happened in 1996?
Question: How many meteorites did the 1996 Japanese expedition find?
Question: In what condition is most water in the Antarctica?
Answer: ice
Question: What is the usual condition of precipitation in the Antarctic?
Answer: snow
Question: What does the massed snow in Antarctica produce?
Answer: giant ice sheet
Question: What are ice streams otherwise called?
Answer: glaciers
Question: Why does Antarctica receive solar radiation?
Question: What continent is a complete desert?
Question: What is next to the continental shelves?
Question: What are temperatures like offshore to effect global cooling?
Question: Where did the first semi-permanent residents of the Antarctic area live?
Answer: South Georgia
Question: What was the profession of the residents of South Georgia?
Answer: sealers
Question: In what year did the sealers start staying on South Georgia?
Answer: 1786
Question: What was the nationality of most whalers?
Answer: Norwegian
Question: When did explorer Carl Anton Larsen become a British citizen?
Answer: 1910
Question: Who were the first permenat residents of regions near Antarctica?
Question: When was the first perminant settlment established on South Georgia?
Question: Who settled South Georgia in 1966?
Question: What settlements were established on Antarctica?
Question: What British citizens established Grtviken on Antarctica?
Question: Who were the first permanent inhabitants of Antarctica?
Question: What lasted until 1696?
Question: What were the Norwegian settlements?
Question: What did Captain Anon Carl Larsen found?
Question: Who adopted British citizenship in 1901?
Question: How much has west Antarctica warmed per decade in the last 5o years?
Answer: 0.1 °C
Question: What do some researchers believe to be that cause of this warming?
Answer: carbon dioxide emissions
Question: What is thought to be the cause of glacier outflow?
Answer: inflow of warm water
Question: What is the thinking of the cause  of the Antarctic Peninsula sea level.
Answer: atmospheric warming
Question: Who published a 2007 study?
Question: What has been the temperature trend of Antarctica per decade from 1959 to 2006?
Question: What did the study note about the temperatures in East Antarctica?
Question: What has the warming in East Antarctica been offset by in West Antarctica?
Question: What animal was greatly hunted during the 18th and 19th centuries?
Answer: Antarctic fur seal
Question: For whom is the Weddell seal named ?
Answer: Sir James Weddell
Question: What did  Sir James Weddell command?
Answer: British sealing expeditions
Question: What is a very important species in the Southern Ocean?
Answer: Antarctic krill
Question: Why is the krill so important to the Antarctic area?
Answer: important food
Question: What animal was heavily hunted in the 18 and 1900's?
Question: What seal is named after the commander of American sealing expoditions?
Question: What whaler had a seal named after him?
Question: What is the keystone species of the Arctic Ocean?
Question: What bird do leapard seals feed on?
Question: What was hunted during 1819?
Question: What countries did the 1819 sealers come from?
Question: What is named after James Sir Weddell?
Question: What was James Sir Weddell commander of?
Question: What is the main concern of the Protocol?
Answer: conservation
Question: What is seen as a major risk to Antarctica?
Answer: non-native species
Question: What group advises the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting?
Answer: Committee for Environmental Protection
Question: Besides conservation, what is the Environmental Protocol's goal to manage?
Answer: biodiversity
Question: What is the Environomental Protection Protocol to the Treaty Antarctic also known as?
Question: What came into force in 1988?
Question: What is the Environmental Protection Protocol to the Treaty Antarctic?
Question: Where is the main concern about native species from?
Question: In what year was an agreement reached to ban mining in Antarctica?
Answer: 1998
Question: When will the mining ban be reviewed?
Answer: 2048
Question: What is the major economic activity near Antarctica?
Answer: trading of fish
Question: How many tonnes of fish were reported caught in 2000-01?
Answer: 112,934 tonnes
Question: What minerals have been found in quantities large enough to exploit?
Question: What does the 1919 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty restrict?
Question: What was reached in 1989?
Question: How many tonnes did Antarctic fisheries report in 2000?
Question: How do the meteorites found in Antarctica add to knowledge about the solar system?
Answer: better understanding
Question: Beside rare types of meteorites, what other types of meteorites have been found in Antarctica?
Answer: New types
Question: From where in the solar system could the meteorites have come?
Answer: Moon
Question: About what nearby planet could the Antarctic meteorites hold data?
Answer: Mars
Question: What do meteorites absorb that can be used to understand how old the meteorite is?
Answer: cosmic radiation
Question: What is AHL84010?
Question: Who discovered the AHL84010 meteorite?
Question: What controversy surrounds the AHL84010?
Question: What Antarctic ice shelf collapsed in 2008?
Answer: Wilkins Ice Shelf
Question: When did the most widespread melting of ice occur?
Answer: 2005
Question: How large was the ice chunk that melted and refroze?
Answer: California
Question: How high could the temperatures have risen to cause the melting?
Answer: 5 °C
Question: What happened to the B-larsen ice shelf in 2002?
Question: When did 570 sq mi of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf collapse?
Question: Where did 15,000 sq mi of ice remain?
Question: What remaining ice collapsed on 9 April 2005?
Question: What was Antarctica presumed to be by the ancient thinkers?
Answer: balance
Question: What did Ptolemy suggest that a southern land mass would do to preserve? 
Answer: symmetry
Question: Of what did early explores think Australia and South America were part?
Answer: Antarctica
Question: Early geographers thought that Antarctica was what in size?
Answer: larger
Question: When was Antarctica last seen by humans?
Question: What is the vast continent in the far north?
Question: Who suggested the idea of Terrs Australis in the 1st cuntury B.C.?
Question: What was discovered in the 1700's?
Question: Who believed thet Antarctica was smaller then its actual size?
Question: What continent has an indigenous population that arrived in the 19th century?
Question: What is Australis Terra?
Question: Who suggested Australis Terra?
Question: How thick is the ice that covers Antarctica?
Answer: 1.6 km
Question: How much of Earth's ice is in Antarctica?
Answer: 90%
Question: How much of the Earth's fresh water is held in Antarctica?
Answer: 70%
Question: What is the amount of precipitation per year in the interior of Antarctica?
Answer: 20 mm
Question: What ice sheet covers all of Antarctica?
Question: What ice sheet averages at least1 kilometer thick?
Question: What continent has 90% of the worlds fresh water?
Question: What continent has 70% of the worlds ice?
Question: Where on Antarctica is the ppercipitation as low as .8 mm?
Question: What is, on average, 1.6 mi thick?
Question: What is 90% of Antarctica covered by?
Question: What does Antarctica have 98% of for the world?
Question: How much of Antarctica is fresh water?
Question: How would the sea levels rise 200 m?
Question: What lake is thought to contain microbial life?
Answer: Lake Vostok
Question: To what does the frozen surface of Lake Vostok resemble?
Answer: Europa
Question: With what is Europa associated??
Answer: Jupiter's moon
Question: When did NASA go on an expedition to Lake Untersee?
Answer: 7 February 2008
Question: For what was NASA searching?
Answer: extremophiles
Question: What lake on Europe may conatin microbial life?
Question: What planet might contain life?
Question: What lake has a frozen surface similar to Jupiter?
Question: Who emberked on a mission to Lake Vostok in 2008?
Question: What was NASA searching for in Lake Vostok?
Question: What was drilled to about 400 ft?
Question: What might Vostok's Lake contain?
Question: What do the waters in the lake share similarities with?
Question: Where did a NASA team go on 8 February 2007?
Question: When was Antarctica still joined to Australia?
Answer: end of the Cretaceous
Question: What type of climate did Antarctica have in the Cretaceous period?
Answer: subtropical
Question: When did Australia separate from Antarctica?
Answer: Eocene epoch
Question: After the division from Australia, what began to appear?
Answer: ice
Question: What seperated from Antarctica in the Cretaceous?
Question: What did Antactica connect to in the Jurassic?
Question: When did Antarctica have a tropical cimate?
Question: What currents began isolating Australia in 66 Ma
Question: What happened around 106 Ma?
Question: When did New-Australia Guinea separate from Antarctica?
Question: What took place about 43 million years ago?
Question: What was found to be 670ppm about 34 million years ago?
Question: How high is the continent of Antarctica above sea level?
Answer: 3,000 m
Question: How does the Arctic Ocean warm the Arctic?
Answer: warmth is transferred
Question: What contributes to the Antarctic cold?
Answer: orbital distance
Question: What does temperature do with elevation?
Answer: decreases
Question: What is one reason the Actric colder than Antarctica?
Question: How far above sea level is the Arctic?
Question: What increases with elevation in the tropasphere?
Question: How does the Arctic Ocean warm Antarctica?
Question: How many reasons are given for the Arctic being colder than Antarctica?
Question: What continent is 3,000 ft above sea level?
Question: What does the distance orbital contribute to?
Question: What continent is 9,800 m above sea level?
Question: Who was the first person born south of the 60th parallel?
Answer: Emilio Marcos Palma
Question: Where is the continental limit of Antarctica?
Answer: 60th parallel south
Question: When was Palma born?
Answer: 1978
Question: What was the Palma family sent to Antarctica to determine?
Answer: suitable for family life
Question: What continental limit is set below the 60th parallel?
Question: Who was born in 20009
Question: Where was Juan Pablo Camacho born in 1978?
Question: What was Marcos Emilio Palma the first to do?
Question: What mainland was Marcos Emilio Palma the first to be born on?
Question: Who was born in 1987?
Question: Who was born in 1948 at the Frei Monalva Station?
Question: How many children were born in Antarctica as of 2011?
Question: How many of the extant fungi in Antarctica are lichen-forming?
Answer: 400
Question: What type of fungi help shape rock formations in Antarctica?
Answer: cryptoendoliths
Question: What has the study of fungi in Antarctica shown about these organisms?
Answer: adaptations
Question: How is it postulated that Mars life might have evolved?
Answer: similar to Antarctic
Question: How many species of fungi are there at the South Pole?
Question: Where are there 400 non-lichen forming fungi?
Question: Where are there 750 lichen-forming fungi?
Question: What type of fungi help break down rock in Antarctica?
Question: Where were 750 lichen-forming fungi found?
Question: Where were 400 non-lichen-forming fungi found?
Question: What has significantly contributed to shaping the Dry McMurdo Valleys?
Question: What type of environment is the Dr McMurdo Valleys?
Question: To what was the claim of land in tribute?
Answer: Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee
Question: What was the response of the Argentine response to the British land claim?
Answer: protest
Question: Of what war was 2012 the anniversary?
Answer: Falklands War
Question: When did the British claim Queen Elizabeth Land in Antarctica?
Answer: 18 December 2012
Question: What happened on 12 December 2018?
Question: What happened on 12 December 2012?
Question: What islands were fought over in the 30th Falklands War?
Question: What do environmentalists want enacted?
Answer: stricter regulations
Question: What kind of tourist limit has been asked for by environmentalists?
Answer: tourism quota
Question: What have the authorities produced in response to these requests?
Answer: site use guidelines
Question: When did an Air New Zealand crash on Mount Erebus?
Answer: 1979
Question: What flight crashed in 1997?
Question: How many people died in the 1997 Flight 901 crash?
Question: Who resumed commercial overflights to Antarctica to Australia in 1990?
Question: Where did sightseeing flights that did land operate out of?
Question: Which science is concerned with the study of the dynamics of ice?
Answer: Glaciologists
Question: Who is interested in the effects of harsh environment on humans?
Answer: Biologists
Question: What kind of observations use  the high elevations and thin atmosphere for viewing space?
Answer: astronomical
Question: Where is the largest neutrino telescope on Earth?
Answer: Amundsen–Scott station.
Question: What do astrophysicists at the Scott-Aumundsen South Pole Station study?
Question: What was built 2 mi below the Amundsen-Scott station?
Question: Why are astronomical observations better made from most surface locations?
Question: What does the 2 mile ice serve as for the telescope?
Question: Where in Eritrea did Italian scientists find one of the oldest hominids?
Answer: Buya
Question: How old was the hominid that was found in Eritrea?
Answer: over 1 million years
Question: What place in Eritrea is believed to have played a major part in human evolution?
Answer: section of the Danakil Depression
Question: What possible link is represented by the hominid found in Eritrea?
Answer: hominids and the earliest anatomically modern humans
Question: What is the importance pertaining to the age of the hominid that was found in Eritrea?
Answer: it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind
Question: What did German scientists find in Eritrea?
Question: How old was the newest archaic Homo sapiens skeleton found in Eretria?
Question: Where in Eritrea is it believed that no traces of evolution to anatomically modern humans will ever be found?
Question: How far back can anatomically modern human bones be found?
Question: How far back do scientists think archaic Homo sapiens transitioned to anatomically modern humans?
Question: In 1770, who reported that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia?
Answer: James Bruce
Question: How is The Bahre-Nagassi translated?
Answer: "Kings of the Sea"
Question: What determined whether The Bahre-Nagassi fought with or against the Abyssinians?
Answer: geopolitical circumstances
Question: Which century marked the arrival of the Ottomans?
Answer: 16th
Question: Where did the Ottomans come from?
Question: When was James Bruce born?
Question: Who was the ruler of Bahre-Nagassi?
Question: In what year did Abyssinia collapse?
Question: In what year did Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal die?
Question: What is the result of the incorporation of independent kingdoms and sultanates?
Answer: modern-day Eritrea
Question: When did Eritrea join a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethipia and Eritrea?
Answer: 1947
Question: What was the result of the War of Independence?
Answer: Eritrean independence
Question: What persisted and led to the Eritrean-Ethiopian War of 1998-2000?
Answer: Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia
Question: In what year was the Sultanate of Aussa founded?
Question: In what year did the Eritrean War of Independence start?
Question: Who won the Eritrean-Ethiopian war of 1998-2000?
Question: In what year did Eritrea first skirmish with Djibouti?
Question: In what year did Italian Eritrea get founded?
Question: What is the Gash Group?
Answer: an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization
Question: What did excavations around Agordat yield the remains of?
Answer: the Gash Group
Question: Where is Agordat located?
Answer: central Eritrea
Question: When did the C-Group inhabit the Nile Valley?
Answer: between 2500–1500 BC
Question: What type of evidence indicated that the C-Group spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber branches?
Answer: linguistic
Question: What city is located in northern Eritrea?
Question: When can the Berber be dated back to?
Question: Where did the Berber live in ancient times?
Question: What city lies in southern Eritrea?
Question: What country is Peter Behrens from?
Question: Who erected a number of large stelae in pre-Christian times?
Answer: The Aksumites
Question: Which stelae is considered the largest in the world, standing at 90 feet?
Answer: the obelisk of Aksum
Question: Who eventually adopted Christianity under Ezana?
Answer: Aksum
Question: Where is the Ark of the Covenant believed to be resting?
Answer: Aksum
Question: In what year was the obelisk of Aksum carved?
Question: In what year did the Aksum become Christians?
Question: In what year was Mecca founded?
Question: How far above sea level is Mecca?
Question: What did Muslims build in the 7th century for religious purposes?
Question: What is the abbreviation for the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions?
Answer: ACABQ
Question: What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for?
Answer: International Criminal Police Organization
Question: Which league is Eritrea an observing member of?
Answer: Arab League
Question: What is the acronym for the Non-aligned Movement?
Question: What is the acronym for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons?
Question: What is the acronym for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development?
Question: What is the acronym for the Permanent Court of Arbitration?
Question: What is the acronym for the World Customs Organization?
Question: Who ruled Aksum and also governed the port of Adulis?
Answer: Zoskales
Question: How did the Aksumite rulers facilitate trade?
Answer: by minting their own Aksumite currency
Question: Which kingdoms did Aksum regularly enter the politics of?
Answer: on the Arabian peninsula
Question: Who did Aksum conquer in order to extend its rule over the Arabian peninsula?
Answer: Himyarite Kingdom
Question: Where was Ivory exported according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea?
Answer: throughout the ancient world
Question: Whose face was on the Aksumite currency?
Question: What country politics did the Aksumite rulers refuse to get involved with?
Question: Who was the ruler of the Himyarite Kingdom at the time?
Question: In what country was the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea written?
Question: What product did the Kingdom of Kush export?
Question: When was the Eritrean Railway completed in Saati?
Answer: 1888
Question: When did the Eritrean Railway reach the Asmara highlands?
Answer: 1911
Question: What was the longest line in the world during its time?
Answer: The Asmara–Massawa Cableway
Question: Who dismantled the Asmara-Massawa Cableway?
Answer: the British
Question: In what areas of public service were Eritreans particularly employed?
Answer: police and public works departments
Question: In what year was the Asmara-Massawa Cableway completed?
Question: In what year did the Italo-Turkish War start?
Question: In what year did the First Italo-Abyssinian War start?
Question: What nationality started the Italo-Turkish war?
Question: Where did the Eritrean Railway originate?
Question: Who prompted Eritrea to be federated with Ethiopia in 1950?
Answer: United States
Question: Which UN Resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked via a loose federal structure under sovereignty of the Emperor?
Answer: 390A(V)
Question: What would federal government control in Eritrea according to Resolution 390A(V)??
Answer: foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation
Question: Which Eritrean wishes did Resolution 390A(V) ignore?
Answer: independence
Question: What did Resolution 390A(V) guarantee the population of Eritrea?
Answer: democratic rights and a measure of autonomy
Question: What country was being led by an Emperor in 1950?
Question: What Eritrean wishes did UN Resolution 390A(V) fulfill?
Question: What UN Resolution was adopted in November 1950?
Question: What rights did UN Resolution 390A(V) give to Ethiopians?
Question: What did the Eritrea administration open to produce products such as buttons and construction materials?
Answer: a number of new factories
Question: How many factories were in Eritrea by 1939?
Answer: around 2,198
Question: Who were the main employees in the factories of Eritrea?
Answer: Eritrean citizens
Question: Besides Eritreans, which other nationality increased its city population because of new industries?
Answer: Italians
Question: How much did the number of Italians residing in Eritrea increase in 5 years due to factories being built?
Answer: from 4,600 to 75,000
Question: How many Italians lived in Eretria in 1939?
Question: How many plantations were owned by Eritreans?
Question: What did the first factory in Italian Eritrea produce?
Question: How many Eritreans worked in the factories in 1939?
Question: What was the main export of Italian Eritrea in 1939?
Question: What big cat is said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region?
Answer: Lions
Question: Which animal herds were thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence?
Answer: elephant
Question: In December 2001, how many elephants were seen in the vicinity of the Gash River?
Answer: about 30
Question: What species did the elephants at the Gash River seem to form a symbiotic relationship with?
Answer: olive baboons
Question: Where are African leopards predominantly found?
Question: In what year did the war of independence end?
Question: Where are bushbucks mostly found?
Question: What is the topography of the Denkalia Region?
Question: How many African wild ass are thought to be left?
Question: What is the highest point in Eritrea?
Answer: Emba Soira
Question: Where is Emba Soira located?
Answer: in the center of Eritrea
Question: How high is Emba Soira?
Answer: 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level
Question: What is the probably location in Eritrea where three tectonic plates are pulling away from each other?
Answer: The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression
Question: How high is Filfil Solomona above sea level?
Question: What is the low point of Eritrea?
Question: What is located in the Danakil Depression?
Question: What is the climate of the Afar Triangle?
Question: How many elephants are believed to be left in Eritrea?
Answer: around 100
Question: What type of snakes are common in Gash Barka?
Answer: deadly
Question: Where in Eritrea can puff adder and red spitting cobra be found?
Answer: widespread
Question: Where in Eritrea are marine species such as dolphin, turtles and manta ray found?
Answer: coastal areas
Question: Which dog, previously found in Eritrea, is now considered extirpated from the entire country?
Answer: African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)
Question: Where are the most southerly of East Africa's elephants to be found?
Question: How many African wild dog are there left?
Question: What nonpoisonous snake can be found in Eritrea?
Question: What land species can be found in the coastal areas?
Question: What rare marine species can be found in the coastal areas of Eritrea?
Question: According to Human Rights Watch, how do the human rights in Eritrea compare to the rest of the world?
Answer: among the worst
Question: According to a 500-page UN Human Rights Council report, what was widespread behavior by state officials in Eritrea?
Answer: sexual harassment, rape and sexual servitude
Question: What type of state government exists in Eritrea?
Answer: a one-party state
Question: According to many western countries, why have Eritrean authorities detained an unknown number of people?
Answer: for their political activism
Question: In what year was the United Nations Human Rights Council report written?
Answer: 2015
Question: When was the last time national legislative elections were held?
Question: What country has one of the better human rights records in the world?
Question: How long was the Human Rights Watch report about Eritrea?
Question: When was the Human Rights Watch report about Eritrea released?
Question: What accusations has the Eritrean government owned up to?
Question: Why have Eritrean government officials participated in numerous meetings with NGO representatives?
Answer: In an attempt at reform
Question: What did the Eritrean government ban in 2007?
Answer: female genital mutilation
Question: What new movement is aimed at opening dialogue between the government and opposition?
Answer: Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea
Question: Who, along with ordinary citizens, makes up the Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea?
Answer: some people close to the government
Question: What are the main concerns Eritreans speak about in terms of female circumcision?
Answer: health concerns and individual freedom
Question: In what year did attempts at reform in Eritrea begin?
Question: In what year was Citizens for Democratic Rights formed in Eretria?
Question: What new cultural practice are people trying to do away with in Eretria?
Question: What ancient cultural practice occurs in urban areas?
Question: In the 2014 Press Freedom Index, what organization ranked the media environment in Eritrea as the worse of 178 countries?
Answer: Reporters Without Borders
Question: How did Reporters Without Borders rank the media environment of Eritrea compared to totalitarian North Korea?
Answer: just below
Question: What type of media has been banned from Eritrea since 2001?
Answer: Independent
Question: According to the BBC, which African country is the only one that has no privately owned news media?
Answer: Eritrea
Question: According to Reporters Without Borders, where doesn't a single foreign news correspondent live?
Answer: Asmara
Question: In what year was Reporters Without Borders founded?
Question: What country was ranked at the top of the media environment list put together by Reporters Without Borders?
Question: What did The Guardian claim about Eritrea in 2015?
Question: How many native news correspondents are there in Asmara?
Question: Under which program did Eritrea develp and repair its transportation infrastructure during the war?
Answer: Warsay Yika'alo
Question: How long was the coastal highway between Massawa and Asseb?
Answer: more than 500 km
Question: What type of locomotives are sometimes used on the Eritrean Railway to cater to groups of enthusiasts?
Answer: Steam
Question: What is the capital of Eritrea?
Answer: Asmara
Question: Which railway was rehabilitated under the Warsay Yika'alo Program?
Answer: Eritrean
Question: How long is the Eritrean Railway?
Question: How many km of war-damaged roads has Eritrea fixed?
Question: How are most locomotives powered in Eritrea?
Question: What is the distance between Asseb and Asmara?
Question: What is the distance between Asmara and Massawa?
Question: What is the official language of Eritrea?
Answer: The nation has no official language
Question: What does the Constitution establish of all Eritrean languages?
Answer: equality
Question: What was the most widely spoken language in Eritrea in 2006?
Answer: Tigrinya
Question: What languages serve as de facto working languages in Eritrea?
Answer: Modern Standard Arabic and English
Question: What language is used in Eritrean university education and many technical fields?
Answer: English
Question: What is the second most spoken language in Eritrea?
Question: How many people speak English in Eritrea?
Question: How many speakers of Tigrinya are there in the world?
Question: How many people speak Italian in Eritrea?
Question: What language is used for business in Eritrea?
Question: Which part of Eritrea's health care goals have they been most successful in?
Answer: child health
Question: What was the Eritrean life expectancy at birth in 1960?
Answer: 39.1
Question: What was the Eritrean life expectancy st birth in 2008?
Answer: 59.5
Question: Which practice was banned by the Eritrean government with claimes it is painful and has life-threatening health problems for women?
Answer: female genital mutilation
Question: How much did the National Malaria Protection Unit reduce malarial mortality by from 1998 - 2006?
Answer: 85%
Question: In what year was female genital mutilation banned in Eretria?
Question: How many kids had been vaccinated against measles in 2008?
Question: What was the life expectancy in 2006 in Eretria?
Question: In what year was the Millenium Development Goal targets put in place?
Question: When was the World Health Organisation established?
Question: Where does the Italian influences on Eritrean cuisine come from?
Answer: its colonial history
Question: What food item did Italians bring to Eritrea during colonial times?
Answer: pasta
Question: What is Eritrea's popular alcoholic beverage Mies made out of?
Answer: honey
Question: How does 'Pasta al Sugo e Berbere' translate in English?
Answer: "Pasta with tomato sauce and berbere" (spice)
Question: What is the main food, influenced by Italy, eaten in Eritrea's capital today?
Answer: pasta
Question: What is one of the main foods eaten in Ethiopia?
Question: What is a common dish in Ethiopia?
Question: What do people tend to drink in Ethiopia?
Question: What is a popular alcoholic drink in Ethiopia?
Question: What was Ethiopia's cuisine influenced by?
Question: What geographical location in Eritrea has largely shaped the culture of Eritrea?
Answer: Red Sea coast
Question: What is one of the most recognizable parts of Eritran culture that can be offered when visiting friends as well as being a daily staple of life?
Answer: the coffee ceremony
Question: How many rounds is coffee served in during a coffee ceremony?
Answer: three
Question: What do Eritrean's offer a person who declines coffee?
Answer: most likely tea
Question: What is the first round of the coffee ceremony called?
Answer: awel
Question: What is the first round of coffee called in Italian?
Question: What is the second round of coffee called in Italian?
Question: What is the third round of coffee called in Italian?
Question: What is someone served if they don't drink coffee or tea?
Question: What is one of the least drank beverages in Eretria?
Question: What country borders Eritrea in the south?
Answer: Ethiopia
Question: What country borders Eritrea in the southeast?
Answer: Djibouti
Question: What extensive coastline makes up a portion of Eritrea's East border?
Answer: Red Sea
Question: What is the total area of the nation of Eritrea?
Answer: 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi)
Question: What is the total area of Ethiopia?
Question: What is the total area of Djibouti?
Question: What is the name of one of the Hanish Islands?
Question: In what year was Eritrea founded?
Question: What is the total area of the Red Sea?
Question: What is the best know musical genre amongst the Tigrinya?
Answer: guaila
Question: What is the Eritrean traditional instrument, the wata?
Answer: a distant/rudimentary cousin of the violin
Question: Who is the most popular Eritrean singing artist?
Answer: Helen Meles
Question: What is Helen Meles noted for?
Answer: her powerful voice and wide singing range
Question: Who, in Eritrea, have their own styles of music and  accompanying dance?
Answer: ethnic groups
Question: What is the stringed krar a distant cousin of?
Question: Who is the most popular Italian artist in Eritrea?
Question: What instrument did Abraham Afewerki play?
Question: What instrument does Yemane Baria play?
Question: What musical instrument does Ruth Abraha play?
Question: What was the Eritrean region known as during the Middle Ages?
Answer: Medri Bahri
Question: When was Eritrea annexed by Ethiopia?
Answer: 1953
Question: When did the Eritrean Liberation Front form?
Answer: 1960
Question: When did Eritrea gain independence?
Answer: following the 1993 referendum
Question: What was the Roman name for the Red Sea?
Question: In what year did the Eritrean Liberation Front cease operations?
Question: When was Ethiopia founded?
Question: In what year was Italian Eritrea founded?
Question: What was Ethiopia known as during the Middle Ages?
Question: In 2010, what was conducted on mummified remains of baboons?
Answer: genetic
Question: What type of analysis did the scientists use to examine hairs from the 2 baboon mummies formerly preserved in the British Museum?
Answer: oxygen isotope analysis
Question: Who was determined to be the closest match for the baboon mummies?
Answer: modern baboon specimens in Eritrea and Ethiopia
Question: Where did the 2 baboons' mummified remains originate?
Answer: Punt
Question: Where did researchers suggest that Punt was located?
Answer: region that included eastern Ethiopia and all of Eritrea
Question: How many mummified baboons did Punt gift to the ancient Egyptians?
Question: In what year were the mummified baboons transferred from Egypt to the British Museum?
Question: How many mummified baboons does the Egyptian Museum now have on display?
Question: Scientists compared the DNA of the baboon with distorted isotopic data to what?
Question: How many hairs on each baboon mummy did scientists study?
Question: What  domain were the Eritrean highlands under after the decline of Aksum?
Answer: Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus
Question: What was the area in the Eritrean highlands named under Emperor Zaro Yaqob?
Answer: Medri Bahri
Question: What was the capitol of Medri Bahri?
Answer: Debarwa
Question: What were the main provinces of Medri Bahri?
Answer: Hamasien, Serae and Akele Guzai
Question: What is the English translation of Medri Bahri?
Answer: Sea land
Question: Who ruled Aksum during its decline?
Question: What was the area known as by the Aksum?
Question: In what province was the capital Debarwa located?
Question: What was the capital of the Aksum?
Question: Who was the ruler of Ethiopia at this time?
Question: Whose rise to power in 1922 brought profounc change to the government in Italian Eritrea?
Answer: Benito Mussolini's
Question: When was Italian Eritrea significantly enlarged?
Answer: After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire
Question: When was the birth of the Italian Empire declared?
Answer: May 1936
Question: What was Eritrea chosen to be by the Italian government during the Italian Empire?
Answer: industrial center of Italian East Africa
Question: What does Africa Orientale Italiana mean?
Answer: Italian East Africa
Question: In what year was Italian Somaliland established?
Question: What was chosen to be the governmental center of Italian East Africa?
Question: In what year was Benito Mussolini nicknamed il Duce?
Question: Who was Ethiopia's ruler before it was conquered?
Question: Who dissolved the Eritrean parliament in 1962?
Answer: Emperor Haile Selassie
Question: What does the acroynm ELF stand for?
Answer: Eritrean Liberation Front
Question: Who waged an armed struggle for independence in 1962 after Eritrea was annexed?
Answer: ELF
Question: How long did the Eritrean War for Independence last?
Answer: 30 years
Question: What is the acronym for Eritrean People's Liberation Front?
Answer: EPLF
Question: In what year did Haile Selassie step down as Emperor?
Question: In what year did the ELF collapse?
Question: What was the name of one of the Ethiopian rebel forces?
Question: What was the capital of Eritrea?
Question: In what city was ELF headquartered?
Question: What did disagreements following the Eritrean War result in?
Answer: stalemate
Question: What did the stalemate lead the President of Eritrea to urge the UN to do?
Answer: take action on Ethiopia
Question: Who accused Eritrea of planting bombs at an African Union summit?
Answer: Ethiopia
Question: What supported the accusation that Eritrea planted bombs at the African Union summit?
Answer: a UN report
Question: What did Eritrea do when it was accused of planting bombs at the African Union summit?
Answer: denied the claims
Question: In what year did the war technically end?
Question: In what year was the Eleven Letters sent to United Nations Security Council?
Question: What is the capital of Eritrea?
Question: In what city is the UN based?
Question: Where was the African Union summit held in 2010?
Question: In 2004, how many physicians did Eritrea have per 1000 people?
Answer: 0.5
Question: How prevalent is HIV among the 15-49 age group in Eritrea?
Answer: exceeds 2%
Question: What is the fertility rate in Eriterea?
Answer: 5 births per woman
Question: As of 2002, how many births were attended by skilled health personnel in Eriterea?
Answer: 28.3%
Question: What is a major cause of death in neonates in Eriterea?
Answer: severe infection
Question: What percentage of people in Eritrea get malaria each year?
Question: What percentage of people with severe infections die in Eretria?
Question: What percentage of people over age 49 have HIV?
Question: How many physicians are there per 1000 people as of 2016?
Question: What percentage of births are attended by health professionals as of 2016?
Question: How do most people dress in the larger cities of Eritrea?
Answer: Western casual
Question: How do both men and women often dress in offices in Eritrea?
Answer: suits
Question: What are zurias, the traditional clothes still worn by Christian highlander women in Eritrea?
Answer: bright white gowns
Question: How do women in the Muslim communities of the Eritrean lowland dress?
Answer: in brightly colored clothes
Question: Who are the only women who follow the tradition of covering half of their faces, though not their hair?
Answer: Rashaida women
Question: What do Muslims in the highlands wear?
Question: What do Christians in the Eritrean lowland wear?
Question: What women in Eritrea cover their hair?
Question: What men in Eritrea cover their hair?
Question: What do Rashaida women generally wear?
Question: What world record is held by Eritrean athlete Zersenay Tadese?
Answer: half marathon distance running
Question: What is the name of the multi-stage international cycling event held throughout Eritrea?
Answer: Tour of Eritrea
Question: Who became the first black African riders to compete in the Tour de France?
Answer: Teklehaimanot and fellow Eritrean Merhawi Kudus
Question: Who became the first Eritrean to ride the Vuelta a Espana in 2012?
Answer: Daniel Teklehaimanot
Question: Who won the last Tour of Eritrea?
Question: Who is one of the members of the Eritrea national cycling team?
Question: What football team does Didier Drogba play for?
Question: What was Merhawi Kudus wearing at the end of the 2015 Tour de France?
Question: Who won the 2012 Vuelta a Espana?
Question: Who occupied the Red Sea coast during the last interglacial period?
Answer: early anatomically modern humans
Question: How old were the obsidian tools that were discovered by the Eritrean Research Project Team?
Answer: over 125,000 years old
Question: Where did the Research Project Team find the obsidian tools?
Answer: near the Bay of Zula
Question: What were the tools believed to have been used for by early humans?
Answer: to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters
Question: What Team was composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists?
Answer: Eritrean Research Project Team
Question: How long ago was the last interglacial period?
Question: How long ago is it believed that early humans left Africa?
Question: What land resources are the early humans thought to have eaten?
Question: In what year was the Eritrean Research Project Team formed?
Question: What did the research team find in Massawa?
Question: When was the Aussa Sultanate established?
Answer: end of the 16th century
Question: Where was the Aussa Sultanate established?
Answer: Denkel lowlands of Eritrea
Question: Who was the leader of Afar in 1734?
Answer: Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan
Question: What did Kedafu establish in 1734?
Answer: Mudaito Dynasty
Question: What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period?
Answer: Mudaito Dynasty
Question: In what year was Muhammed Jasa born?
Question: In what year was the Afar leader Kedafu born?
Question: In what year did Imam Umar Din bin Adam ascend to the throne?
Question: In what year did Aussa collapse?
Question: What area was the Mudaito Dynasty based in?
Question: What did Gen. Oreste Baratieri proclaim in the highlands along the Eritrean coast?
Answer: the new colony of Italian Eritrea
Question: What was the new colony of Italia Eritrea a colony of?
Answer: the Kingdom of Italy
Question: When was the Treaty of Wuchale signed?
Answer: 1889
Question: What years was the Treaty of Wuchale formally binding?
Answer: 1889–1913
Question: In what year was Emperor Yohannes II born?
Question: In what year did King Menelik of Shewa first gain access to European arms and ammunition?
Question: In what modern-day country is Wuchale?
Question: Who was one of King Menelik of Shewa's rival kings?
Question: Who signed the Treaty of Wuchale for Italy?
Question: What did Emperor Haile Selassie seek to annex in the 1950's?
Answer: Eritrea and Italian Somaliland
Question: Who laid claim to Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt?
Answer: Emperor Haile Selassie
Question: Why did the British and Americans want to cede most of Eritrea to the Ethiopians?
Answer: as a reward for their support during World War II
Question: Who consistently requested that a referendum be held immediately to settle the question of Eritrean sovereignty?
Answer: The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties
Question: Who did Ethiopians support in World War II?
Answer: The British and Americans
Question: In what decade did Haile Selassie become emperor of Ethiopia?
Question: What nation was part of the Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties?
Question: Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt the leader of?
Question: In what city was the First Session of the United Nations held?
Question: Who was leading Italian Somaliland during this time after World War II?
Question: How is the Eritrean highway system named?
Answer: according to the road classification
Question: What are the three levels of road classification in Eritrea?
Answer: primary (P), secondary (S), and tertiary (T)
Question: What are T roads, the lowest level that typically serves local interests?
Answer: improved earth roads which are occasionally paved
Question: What are S roads, the mid-level that connects district capitals to regional capitals?
Answer: single-layered asphalt road
Question: What are P roads, those that carry traffic between all major towns in Eritrea?
Answer: fully asphalted (throughout their entire length)
Question: What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Christianity?
Answer: 50%
Question: What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Islam?
Answer: 48%
Question: What do unrecognized faiths and denominations in Eritrea have to undergo?
Answer: a registration process
Question: What does the government's registration system require religious groups to submit about their membership?
Answer: personal information
Question: When did the Eritrean government begin to officially recognize certain churches?
Answer: May 2002
Question: How many people followed animism according to the Pew Research Center?
Question: According to recent estimates, how many people follow just animism in Eretria?
Question: What percentage of people are in the Eritrean Catholic Church according to recent estimates?
Question: As of May 2002 what percentage of Eritrean people were in the Evangelical Lutheran church?
Question: What percentage of people attend the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church in recent years?
Question: What ages are officially compulsary for education in Eritrea?
Answer: between seven and 13 years of age
Question: What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend primary school?
Answer: 70%
Question: What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend secondary school?
Answer: 61%
Question: What is the student-teacher ratio in elementary schools?
Answer: 45 to 1
Question: What is the student-teacher ratio in secondary schools?
Answer: 54 to 1
Question: What percentage of children between seven and 13 can read and write?
Question: What percentage of primary schools are open less than six hours per day?
Question: What percentage of elementary schools are open less than six hours per day?