huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: WHat program compliment reinvent the toilet 
Answer: It was complemented by a program called "Grand Challenges Explorations" (2011 to 2013 with some follow-up grants reaching until 2015)
Question: What was excluded by the funding schemes 
Answer: Both funding schemes explicitly excluded project ideas that relied on centralized sewerage systems or are not compatible with development country contexts
Question: In 2011 what program was launched by Grand Challenges Exploration?
Question: What program generated interest by Grand Challenges Explorations?
Question: What did both innovations exclude?
Question: What program complimented innovations in toilet design?
Question: What was the aim of Grand Challenges Explorations?
Question: What countries have received grants 
Answer: universities in the U.S., Europe, India, China and South Africa, have received grants to develop innovative on-site and off-site waste treatment solutions
Question: How much were the grants for 
Answer: The grants were in the order of 400,000 USD for their first phase, followed by typically 1-3 million USD for their second phase
Question: What did many investigate 
Answer: many of them investigated resource recovery or processing technologies for excreta or fecal sludge.
Question: What did the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge investigate?
Question: What off-site treatment solutions received grants?
Question: After receiving 1-3 million for the first phase how much were the grants for the second phase?
Question: How many teams received grants to help universities?
Question: Since the launch of investigating resource recovery what did the grants develop?
Question: What is reinvent the toilet trying to develop
Answer: The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge is a long-term research and development effort to develop a hygienic, stand-alone toilet
Question: What compliments the challenge 
Answer: This challenge is being complemented by another investment program to develop new technologies for improved pit latrine emptying
Question: What does the Omni processor do
Answer: The aim of the "Omni Processor" is to convert excreta (for example fecal sludge) into beneficial products such as energy and soil nutrients
Question: What does Reinvent the Toilet Challenge convert into beneficial products?
Question: What does the stand alone toilet do to develop local business and revenue?
Question: What compliments the research and development effort to develop a hygenic toilet?
Question: What does another investment program use to convert sludge?
Question: What is another investment program trying to develop?
Question: The foundation has donated billions to sufferers of 
Answer: The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria
Question: How many children were protected from death 
Answer: protecting millions of children from death at the hands of preventable diseases
Question: What are some consequences of the investments 
Answer: Gates grantees have increased the demand for specially trained, higher-paid clinicians, diverting staff from basic care" in sub-Saharan Africa
Question: What has the focus on a few diseases caused 
Answer: "the focus on a few diseases has shortchanged basic needs such as nutrition and transportation
Question: Vaccinations programs encouraged what 
Answer: discourage patients from discussing – ailments that the vaccinations cannot prevent".
Question: What has the Los Angeles Times donated billions for?
Question: What has the focus on allocation of aid shortchanged in Africa?
Question: What have higher-paid clinicians instructed caregivers to ignore?
Question: How did discussing ailments add to the doctor shortage?
Question: What did the Gates-funded AIDS program want to ignore?
Question: WHy did they decide not to fund abortion
Answer: the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning
Question: Before 2013 the foundation gave how how much to planned parenthood
Answer: Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood
Question: Who decided not to fund basic family planning?
Question: In 2013 what debate did Bill Gates say is in the way of family planning?
Question: How much did Bill & Melinda Gates donate for family planning up to 2013?
Question: What affiliated organization is the primary US abortion provider?
Question: What issue did Bill Gates say he struggled with in 2014?
Question: what is the US libraries initiative 
Answer: U.S. Libraries initiative with a goal of "ensuring that if you can get to a public library, you can reach the internet
Question: How much of the worlds population can reach the internet
Answer: Only 35% of the world's population has access to the Internet
Question: what have the grants provided public libraries
Answer: The foundation has given grants, installed computers and software, and provided training and technical support in partnership with public libraries nationwide
Question: What has the grant enabled 
Answer: this foundation helps move public libraries into the digital age.
Question: How much of the world's population has access to libraries?
Question: What has the library given to increase access and knowledge?
Question: What is the digital age initiative?
Question: What has reaching the internet enabled?
Question: What has the world's population installed?
Question: what is a key aspect of the gates foundation in the US
Answer: A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels
Question: What do these efforts include
Answer: including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs
Question: how much did it spend in 2009
Answer: It spent $373 million on education in 2009.
Question: It was an early backer of what 
Answer: The foundation was the biggest early backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative.
Question: How much did teachers' unions spend on education in 2009?
Question: What is a key aspect of the Common Core State Standards U.S. efforts?
Question: What group has donated to the two largest national charter schools?
Question: What did the Gates foundation spend on support for teacher evaluations in 2009?
Question: What were teachers' unions the biggest early backer of?
Question: What is 1 foundation goal 
Answer: One of the foundation's goals is to lower poverty by increasing the number of college graduates in the United States
Question: One way to increase college graduation by the foundation is 
Answer: One of the ways the foundation has sought to increase the number of college graduates is to get them through college faster
Question: how did they work on college financing 
Answer: Reimagining Aid Design and Delivery" grants to think tanks and advocacy organizations
Question: What has the United States tried to do to increase the number of college graduates?
Question: What is the goal of think tanks to lower poverty in the United States?
Question: What groups will produce grants for changing the financial aid system?
Question: What did the foundation fund to change the poverty rate?
Question: What does the foundation want to lower by changing financial aid?
Question: What has been funded as part of the education initiatives
Answer: As part of its education-related initiatives, the foundation has funded journalists, think tanks, lobbying organizations and governments
Question: what do the millions in grants given to news agencies do 
Answer: Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education
Question: Critics don't like the foundations use of media why 
Answer: critics have feared the foundation for directing the conversation on education or pushing its point of view through news coverage
Question: Where does the foundation list grants 
Answer: the foundation has said it lists all its grants publicly
Question: who founded teach plus 
Answer: Teach Plus, which was founded by new teachers and advocates against seniority-based layoffs
Question: What have journalists accused Teach Plus of?
Question: Why have governments feared the foundation?
Question: What has been funded as part of the news-related initiatives?
Question: Where does the foundation list grantees?
Question: Who founded the Education Writers Association?
Question: Why were the gates foundation educational reforms critcized
Answer: they may marginalize researchers who do not support Gates' predetermined policy preferences
Question: What are several of the gates backed policies 
Answer: Several Gates-backed policies such as small schools, charter schools, and increasing class sizes
Question: Have the policies been criticized 
Answer: but some studies indicate they have not improved educational outcomes and may have caused harm
Question: What does 1 specific study of charter schools show 
Answer: Peer reviewed scientific studies at Stanford find that Charter Schools do not systematically improve student performance
Question: What do Stanford studies find that policies don't improve?
Question: Who has criticized charter school reform programs?
Question: Why were the scientific educational reforms criticized?
Question: Which scientific studies have been expensive and disruptive?
Question: What have predetermined policy preferences shown about charter schools?
Question: What two entities was the foundation split into in october 2016
Answer: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, which manages the endowment assets and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Question: When must the trust resources be spent
Answer: spend all of [the Trust's] resources within 20 years after Bill's and Melinda's deaths
Question: What does warren Buffet stipulate his berkshire hathaway  shares be used for in the 10 year period after his death 
Answer: the proceeds from the Berkshire Hathaway shares he still owns at death are to be used for philanthropic purposes within 10 years
Question: When must shares be spent for the foundation?
Question: When do Bill and Melinda Gates say Berkshire Hathaway shares are to be spent?
Question: In 2006 how was Berkshire Hathaway split?
Question: How long after the estate has been settled Will the Bill and Melinda gates foundation shares be used for philanthropy?
Question: What does Berkshire Hathaway manage as part of the Foundation Trust?
Question: What rank did Montevideo hold in Latin America during 2013?
Answer: 8th
Question: Montevideo is the hub of commerce and higher education in what area?
Answer: Uruguay
Question: Montevideo is the chief port of what area?
Answer: Uruguay
Question: What is the population of Montevideo?
Answer: around 2 million
Question: What date did the Spanish force the Portuguese to abandon the location?
Answer: 22 January 1724
Question: Who was one significant early italian resident? 
Answer: Jorge Burgues
Question: What became the main city of the region north of the Rio de la Plata?
Answer: Montevideo
Question: What were Buenos Aires and Montevideo fighting for dominance over?
Answer: maritime commerce
Question: The importance of Montevideo as the main port of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata brought confrontations with what city?
Answer: Buenos Aires
Question: When did British troops occupy the city of Montevideo?
Answer: 3 February 1807
Question: When did the Spanish recapture the city of Montevideo?
Answer: 2 September
Question: Who was forced to surrender to troops formed by forces of the Banda Oriental? 
Answer: John Whitelocke
Question: Who replaced Liniers?
Answer: Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros
Question: After the Revolution of 1810 there was a subsequent uprising of what provinces? 
Answer: Rio de la Plata
Question: Where did the spanish colonial government move to after the uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata?
Answer: Montevideo
Question: Who was the Uruguayan revolutionary that united with others from Buenos Aires?
Answer: José Gervasio Artigas
Question: What year did Portugal invade the recently liberated territory?
Answer: 1816
Question: What was Juan Antonio Lavalleja's band caled? 
Answer: Treinta y Tres Orientales
Question: What year was Uruguay consolidated as an independent state?
Answer: 1828
Question: Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera fought against what empire?
Answer: Empire of Brazil
Question: Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera fought under whose command?
Answer: Lavalleja
Question: Who represented Oribe's Blancos?
Answer: National Party
Question: Who represented Rivera's Colorados?
Answer: Colorado Party
Question: What did Montevideo suffer between 1843 and 1851?
Answer: a siege
Question: How did the British and French supply the city of Montevideo??
Answer: by sea
Question: What year did the Colorados defeat Oribe?
Answer: 1851
Question: What year was a stagecoach bus line established in Montevideo?
Answer: 1853
Question: Between what years were the first natural gas street lights constructed?
Answer: 1854 to 1861
Question: What year was the Teatro Solis inaugurated? 
Answer: 1856
Question: What year was an underwater telegraph line made that connected Montevideo with Buenos Aires?
Answer: 1866
Question: What year did Compania de Tranvias al Paso del Molino y Cerro creat the first lines connecting Montevideo with Union?
Answer: 1868
Question: What year was Mercado del Puerto inaugurated? 
Answer: 1868
Question: What year was the first railway line of the company Ferrocarril Central del Uruguay inaugurated? 
Answer: 1869
Question: What year was Bulevar Circunvalcion constructed? 
Answer: 1878
Question: When did electric street lights replace the gas operated lights?
Answer: 1886
Question: When did the Hipodromo de Maronas start operating?
Answer: 1888
Question: When was the Central Railway Station of Montevideo inaugurated? 
Answer: 1897
Question: What century did many Europeans immigrate to the city of Montevideo?
Answer: early 20th century
Question: In 1908 what percent of the city's population was foreign-born?
Answer: 30%
Question: The Rodo Park and the Estadio Gran Parque Central serves as poles of what?
Answer: urban development
Question: Where did the famous incident involving the German pocket battleship take place in?
Answer: Punta del Este
Question: When year did the Battle of the River Plate take place?
Answer: 13 December 1939
Question: Montevideo is situated on the north shore of what?
Answer: the Río de la Plata
Question: What river forms a natural border between Montevideo and San Jose Department?
Answer: Santa Lucía River
Question: What does the Bay of Montevideo form?
Answer: a natural harbour
Question: The city of Montevideo has an average elevation of what?
Answer: 43 metres
Question: How far is to the neighboring capitol of San Jose de Mayo?
Answer: 90 kilometres
Question: How far is to the neighboring capitol of Canelones?
Answer: 46 kilometres
Question: The Municipality of Montevideo was first created by a legal act of what?
Answer: 18 December 1908
Question: Who was the municipality's first mayor?
Answer: Daniel Muñoz
Question: Municipalities were abolished by what?
Answer: Uruguayan Constitution of 1918
Question: How many political municipalities has the city of Montevideo been divided into as of 2010?
Answer: 8
Question: What is the head of each Municipio called?
Answer: an alcalde
Question: Who elects the mayor of the political municipalities? 
Answer: the citizens registered in the constituency
Question: What had many of the city's barrios previously been?
Answer: geographically separate settlements
Question: What is a neighborhood of great significance? 
Answer: Ciudad Vieja
Question: What surrounded the neighborhood of Ciudad Vieja?
Answer: a protective wall
Question: How many inhabitants did Montevideo have in 1860?
Answer: 57,913
Question: What happened to the population by the year 1880?
Answer: had quadrupled
Question: The population quadrupled by 1880 due mainly to what?
Answer: the great European immigration
Question: What had the population grown to in 1908?
Answer: 309,331 inhabitants
Question: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's population?
Answer: 1,325,968 persons
Question: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Uruguay's population?
Answer: 3,241,003
Question: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's female population?
Answer: 707,697
Question: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's male population?
Answer: 618,271
Question: What year was the World Trade Center Montevideo constructed?
Answer: 1998
Question: What year was the Telecommunications Tower constructed?
Answer: (2000
Question: What kind of company does ANTEL run?
Answer: telecommunications
Question: Uruguay was once dubbed as what?
Answer: the Switzerland of America
Question: What is the largest bank in Uruguay? 
Answer: Banco Republica
Question: Where is Banco Republica based in?
Answer: Montevideo
Question: Where is tourism in Montevideo centered in?
Answer: Ciudad Vieja area
Question: Plaza Independencia constitutes one end of what?
Answer: 18 de Julio Avenue
Question: How many suites does the Sheraton have?
Answer: 10
Question: How many rooms does The Radisson Montevideo have?
Answer: 232
Question: What city has become the centre of business and real estate? 
Answer: Montevideo
Question: What year was Montevideo Shopping  built?
Answer: 1985
Question: What style of building is the Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral? 
Answer: Neoclassical
Question: What style of building is the World Trade Center Montevideo? 
Answer: Postmodern
Question: What is the tallest skyscraper in the country?
Answer: ANTEL Telecommunication Tower
Question: What district has many homes built by Bello and reboratti?
Answer: Pocitos
Question: Between what years did Bello and Reboratti built most of the homes in the Pocitos district? 
Answer: 1920 and 1940
Question: Who designed the Edificio Panamericano?
Answer: Raul Sichero
Question: What types of apartment buildings were constructed during the boom of the 1970's and 1980's?
Answer: modern apartment buildings
Question: What was the first building to be inaugurated? 
Answer: World Trade Center 1
Question: When was World Trade Center 2 inaugurated?
Answer: 2002
Question: When was World Trade Center 3 inaugurated?
Answer: 2009
Question: What was intended to be a platform for the development of business activities?
Answer: The Towers Square
Question: The square contains a sculpture by what renowned Uruguayan sculptor? 
Answer: Pablo Atchugarry
Question: How much space is World Trade Center 4 projected to have?
Answer: 53,500 square metres
Question: When was The Solis Theater built?
Answer: 1856
Question: Who owns The Solis Theater?
Answer: the government of Montevideo
Question: What year did the government of Montevideo start a major reconstruction of the Solis  Theater?
Answer: 1998
Question: What year was the reconstruction of the solis theater completed?
Answer: 2004
Question: What year was the Palacio Salvo completed? 
Answer: 1925
Question: How high does the Palacio Salvo stand?
Answer: 100 metres (330 ft) high
Question: What is also a major note in Ciudad Vieja?
Answer: Plaza de la Constitución
Question: What is the Cabildo?
Answer: the seat of colonial government
Question: What is the burial place of Fructuoso Rivera?
Answer: Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral
Question: Where is the equestrian statue of Bruno Mauricio de Zabala located? 
Answer: Plaza Zabala
Question: What major public central park is located south of Avenida Italia? 
Answer: Parque Batlle
Question: How many former districts does the current barrio of Parque Battle include? 
Answer: four
Question: What sub district of Parque Batlle took its name from the original villa of Don Alejo Rossell Y Rius?
Answer: Villa Dolores
Question: Parque Batlle is named in honor of who?
Answer: José Batlle y Ordóñez
Question: Jose Batile y Ordonez was president of where? 
Answer: Uruguay
Question: Between what years was Jose batlle y Ordonez president of Uruguay? 
Answer: 1911 to 1915
Question: Parque Batlle was originally proposed by what?
Answer: an Act of March 1907
Question: Parque Rodo belongs to who?
Answer: Punta Carretas
Question: What does the name "Rodo" commemorate? 
Answer: José Enrique Rodó
Question: Who was an important Uruguayan writer that is commemorated by Parque Rodo? 
Answer: José Enrique Rodó
Question: Parque Rodo was originally conceived as what?
Answer: a French-style city park
Question: What is on the east side of the park?
Answer: the National Museum of Visual Arts
Question: What takes part on the east side of the main park every Sunday?
Answer: a very popular street market
Question: What side has an artificial lake with a little castle?
Answer: north side
Question: What does the little castle on the north side of the park house?
Answer: a municipal library
Question: When were the first set of subsidiary forts planned?
Answer: 1701
Question: the subsidiary forts were established to stop what?
Answer: frequent insurrections by the Spaniards
Question: Where were the Spaniards emanating from?
Answer: Buenos Aires
Question: What overlooks the bay of Montevideo?
Answer: Fortaleza del Cerro
Question: What replaced the observation post in 1802?
Answer: a beacon
Question: When did construction of the fortress begin?
Answer: 1809
Question: When did construction of the fortress finish?
Answer: 1839
Question: What avenue goes along the entire coastline of Montevideo?
Answer: The Rambla
Question: Avenue or Watercourse is the literal meaning of what Spanish word?
Answer: rambla
Question: In the Americas rambla is mostly used to refer to what?
Answer: "coastal avenue"
Question: Where is the Central Cemetery located?
Answer: Barrio Sur
Question: What year was the Central Cemetery founded?
Answer: 1835
Question: Who purchased a plot of land in the name of the English residents?
Answer: Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood
Question: When did Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood purchase a plot of land at the British Cemetery Montevideo? 
Answer: 1828
Question: When did the government compensate the British by moving the cemetery to Buceo?
Answer: 1884
Question: What unique form of dance originated in the neighbourhods of Montevideo?
Answer: Uruguayan tango
Question: Tango, candombe and murga are three main styles of what?
Answer: music
Question: How many movie theater companies are there in Montevideo?
Answer: two
Question: What is the most prominent theater in Uruguay?
Answer: The Solís Theatre
Question: Who gave the initial donation of the private library?
Answer: Father José Manuel Pérez Castellano
Question: When did Father Jose Manuel Perez Castellano die?
Answer: 1815
Question: Who was the promoter, director and organizer of the first public library in Montevideo?
Answer: Father Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga
Question: Tango, milonga and vals criollo are the most popular forms of music in what region?
Answer: Rio de Plata region
Question: When was Fun Fun Bar established?
Answer: 1935
Question: Where is El Farolito located?
Answer: the old part of the city
Question: Rimer Cardillo was one of the country's leading what?
Answer: artists
Question: Who made the National Institute of Fine Arts?
Answer: Rimer Cardillo
Question: What was the seat of government during the colonial times of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata?
Answer: The Montevideo Cabildo
Question: Where is the Montevideo Cabildo located?
Answer: front of Constitution Square
Question: Between what years was the Montevideo Cabildo built?
Answer: between 1804 and 1869
Question: What style was the Montevideo Cabildo?
Answer: Neoclassical style
Question: When did the Montevideo Cabildo become a National Heritage Site?
Answer: 1975.
Question: Where is the Palacio Taranco located?
Answer: the heart of Ciudad Vieja
Question: When was the Palacio Taranco erected?
Answer: early 20th century
Question: The Palacio Taranco was erected to be the residence for whom?
Answer: Ortiz Taranco brothers
Question: Who designed the Palacio Taranco?
Answer: French architects Charles Louis Girault and Jules Chifflot León
Question: The National History Museum of Montevideo is located where?
Answer: the historical residence of General Fructuoso Rivera
Question: What houses the Museo Romantico?
Answer: Antonio Montero
Question: How many houses has the Historical Museum annexed?
Answer: eight
Question: The Museo Torres Garcia exhibits whose unusual portraits? 
Answer: Joaquín Torres García
Question: Who established The Museo Torres Garcia?
Answer: Manolita Piña Torres
Question: Manolita Pina Torres was the widow of who?
Answer: Torres Garcia
Question: Where is the National Museum of Visual Arts located?
Answer: Parque Rodó
Question: What does the National Museum of Visual Arts have the largest collection of in Uruguay?
Answer: paintings
Question: When was the Juan Manuel Blanes Museum founded?
Answer: 1930
Question: Who painted Uruguayan patriotic themes?
Answer: Juan Manuel Blanes
Question: Where is the Museo de Historia del Arte located?
Answer: the Palacio Municipal
Question: Where is the Museo de Guacho y de la Moneda located?
Answer: the Centro
Question: What are bombillas?
Answer: (drinking straws
Question: Where is the Museo Naval located?
Answer: the eastern waterfront in Buceo
Question: Where is the Museo y Parque Fernando Garcia located?
Answer: Carrasco
Question: What is the center of traditional Uruguayan food and beverage in Montevideo?
Answer: the Mercado del Puerto
Question: What is a torta frita?
Answer: a pan-fried cake
Question: Where is Arcadia located?
Answer: atop the Plaza Victoria
Question: Where is Shannon Irish pub located?
Answer: the eastern part of the Old District
Question: What is the major annual festival in Montevideo?
Answer: the annual Montevideo Carnaval
Question: What is the annual Montevideo Carnaval part of?
Answer: the national festival of Carnival Week
Question: What does Tablados mean?
Answer: popular scenes
Question: What does Desfile de las Llamadas mean?
Answer: Parade of the Calls
Question: Church and state have been officially separated in Uruguay since what year?
Answer: 1916
Question: What religion has the most followers in Montevideo?
Answer: Roman Catholicism
Question: When was the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montevideo created?
Answer: 1830
Question: What does Nuestra Senora del Sagrado Corazon mean?
Answer: Our Lady of the Sacred Heart
Question: What does Iglesia Punta Carretas mean?
Answer: Punta Carretas Church
Question: Between what years was the Iglesia Punta Carretas built?
Answer: between 1917 and 1927
Question: What stle was the Iglesia Punta Carretas built in?
Answer: Romanesque Revival style
Question: In 2007 the University of the Republic had a student body of how many people?
Answer: 81,774
Question: When was the University of the Republic founded?
Answer: 18 July 1849
Question: Who is the current rector of The University of the Republic?
Answer: Dr. Rodrigo Arocena
Question: When did the process of funding the country's public university begin?
Answer: 11 June 1833
Question: Who proposed the law that began the process of funding the country's public university?
Answer: Senator Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga
Question: When was the House of General Studies formed?
Answer: 1836
Question: When did Manuel Oribe pass a decree establishing the Greater University of the Republic?
Answer: 27 May 1838
Question: When was ORT Uruguay established?
Answer: 1942
Question: When was ORT Uruguay officially certified as a private university?
Answer: September 1996
Question: How many students does the ORT Uruguay university have?
Answer: about 8,000
Question: What is the main methodist educational institution in Uruguay?
Answer: The Montevideo Crandon Institute
Question: When was the Montevideo Crandon Institute founded?
Answer: 1879
Question: What is the first academic institution in South America where a home economics course was taught?
Answer: The Montevideo Crandon Institute
Question: Where is the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College located?
Answer: Carrasco
Question: When was the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College established?
Answer: 1955
Question: What is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country?
Answer: The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College
Question: Who is the headmaster of the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College?
Answer: professor Juan Pedro Toni
Question: When was the British Schools of Montevideo established?
Answer: 1908
Question: What was the British Schools of Montevideo original purpose?
Answer: to give Uruguayan children a complete education
Question: What was St. Brendan's school previously named?
Answer: St.Catherine´s
Question: What is the only school in the country implementing three international Baccalaureate Programmes?
Answer: St.Brendan´s school
Question: What is the national football stadium in Parque Batlle?
Answer: Estadio Centenario
Question: When was Estadio Centenario opened? 
Answer: 1930
Question: How many seats does the Estadio Centenario have? 
Answer: 70,000
Question: When was the Golf Club of Punta Carretas founded?
Answer: 1894
Question: Equestrianism regained importance in Montevideo after what?
Answer: the Maroñas Racecourse reopened
Question: Who is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure?
Answer: Dirección Nacional de Transporte
Question: Where is the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal located?
Answer: the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center
Question: What neighborhood is the General Artigas Central Station located?
Answer: Aguada
Question: When was the General Artigas Central Station abandoned?
Answer: 1 March 2003
Question: What gives natural protection to ships in Montevideo?
Answer: The port on Montevideo Bay
Question: Between what years did the main engineering work on the port of Montevideo Bay take place?
Answer: 1870 and 1930
Question: What happened in 1923 that required repairs to many of the city's engineering works?
Answer: A major storm
Question: Who originally donated the land for Hospital Macie?
Answer: Francisco Antonio Maciel
Question: When was the first building of the Hospital Maciel established?
Answer: between 1781 and 1788
Question: What is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo?
Answer: Hospital Vilardebó
Question: Who is Hospital Vilardebo named after?
Answer: Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche
Question: When did the Hospital Vilardebo open?
Answer: 21 May 1880
Question: How many inpatients did the the Hospital Vilardebo have in 1915?
Answer: 1,500 inpatients
Question: What is the significance of poultry in the lives of humans?
Answer: kept by humans for the eggs they produce, their meat, their feathers, or sometimes as pets.
Question: Are all domesticated and wild birds classified as poultry  ?
Answer: but does not include similar wild birds hunted for sport or food and known as game.
Question: What types of  birds are most commonly considered poultry?
Answer: chickens, quails and turkeys
Question: Was the Latin word for poultry also used to decribe other small animals as opposed to any poulty?
Answer: from the Latin word pullus, which means small animal.
Question: Are any other birds considered common in the world of poultry?
Answer: domestic ducks and domestic geese.
Question: What are domesticated birds kept by humans for the meat they produce?
Question: What is the definition of the French word "pullus?"
Question: What is the French term for "fowl?"
Question: What is the Norman term for "waterfowl?"
Question: What is the Latin word for pigeons?
Question: What is the significance of poultry in the lives of aliens?
Question: What types of birds are rarely considered poultry?
Question: What word means to eat small animals in Latin?
Question: What birds are no longer considered as poultry?
Question: What language was the word "poultry" banned from?
Question: How long have humans used domsticated poultry ?
Answer: domestication of poultry took place several thousand years ago
Question: What have people use domesticated poultry for besides food ?
Answer: cockfighting at first and quail kept for their songs
Question: Why did humans feel that addtional breeding tatics were necessary in poulty? 
Answer: Selective breeding for fast growth, egg-laying ability, conformation, plumage and docility took place
Question: Has breeding changed the original characterictics of the animals ?
Answer: modern breeds often look very different from their wild ancestors.
Question: How popular is poultry as a consumable among humans ?
Answer: Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat globally
Question: What is the second most widely eaten type of food domestically?
Question: How long did it take to domesticate poultry?
Question: What were wild chickens used for at first?
Question: What were wild quail kept for at first?
Question: How long have humans avoided domesticated poultry?
Question: What have people use domesticated poultry for aside from medicine?
Question: Why did humans feel that additional breeding tactics were unnecessary in poultry?
Question: How popular is pottery consumption among humans?
Question: Why do modern breeds look the same as their wild ancestors?
Question: What two addtional types of birds are listed in teh Encyclopedia Britanica as poultry?
Answer: guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons)
Question: Who is the authoor of the book Poultry Breeding and Genetics?
Answer: R. D. Crawford
Question: What is the most likely outout for the common variety of pheasant ?
Answer: frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild.
Question: Edmund Dixon is most famous for what inclusions in his 1854 book on poultry ?
Answer: peafowl, guinea fowl, mute swan, turkey, various types of geese, the muscovy duck, other ducks and all types of chickens including bantams
Question: Do all language make the distinction between poultry and fowls?
Answer: many languages do not distinguish between "poultry" and "fowl
Question: What is the Japanese term for young pigeons?
Question: What book did D. R. Crawford write?
Question: What book was written in 1884?
Question: What is the Japanese term for "domesticated chicken?"
Question: What is the only type of bird listed in the Encyclopedia Britannica as poultry?
Question: Who is the jailed author of the book Poultry Breeding and Genetics?
Question: What country has no birds that are considered poultry?
Question: What word means the opposite of poultry?
Question: Who wrote the 1842 classic book on poultry, Ornamental and Domestic Poultry: Their History, and Management?
Question: How are male chickens able to be identified ?
Answer: cocks, are usually larger, more boldly coloured, and have more exaggerated plumage than females (hens).
Question: What do chickens normally consume when in the natural wild environment?
Answer: in their natural surroundings search among the leaf litter for seeds, invertebrates, and other small animals.
Question: Do chickens fly like other birds?
Answer: They seldom fly except as a result of perceived danger, preferring to run into the undergrowth if approached.
Question: From what birds are chickens decended from ?
Answer: Today's domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is mainly descended from the wild red junglefowl of Asia
Question: What are characterized by red wattles on their heads?
Question: What do hens have more exaggerated plumage than?
Question: What is thought to have taken place 1,000 to 17,000 years ago?
Question: What has been found in China dating back to 4500 BC?
Question: Where did chickens reach by 4250 years ago?
Question: What are male chickens never allowed to be called?
Question: What do chickens always consume when in artificial environments?
Question: Why are chickens unable to fly?
Question: What birds are chickens superior to?
Question: When did the domestication of chickens fail?
Question: Are there any purebreed lines for poultry today?
Answer: with the exception of the white Leghorn, most commercial birds are of hybrid origin.
Question: When did the poultry business boom in the United States ?
Answer: By the mid-20th century, the poultry meat-producing industry was of greater importance than the egg-laying industry
Question: How has breeding helped in the pultry industry?
Answer: light-framed, egg-laying birds that can produce 300 eggs a year; fast-growing, fleshy birds destined for consumption
Question: How can you normally identify a cock when recently hatched?
Answer: can often be identified as soon as they are hatch for subsequent culling
Question: What began in 1820?
Question: What became present in the United Kingdom in 1900?
Question: What was of greater importance than the poultry meat-producing industry in the mid-20th century?
Question: How many eggs can male birds produce in a year?
Question: What year did modern high-output poultry farms become established in the United States?
Question: Why does no breeding for poultry exist today?
Question: When did the poultry business end permanently in the United States?
Question: How has breeding destroyed the poultry industry?
Question: How can you normally identify a cock when it doesn't hatch?
Question: What birds are castrated to increase aggression?
Question: How are bantams different from other chickens?
Answer: A bantam is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard breed, or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart
Question: Do bantams lay regular sized eggs ?
Answer: Bantams may be a quarter to a third of the size of standard birds and lay similarly small eggs
Question: Where are bantams kept?
Answer: kept by small-holders and hobbyists for egg production, use as broody hens, ornamental purposes, and showing.
Question: What is the name for a small variety of European chicken?
Question: What country is the town of Java located in?
Question: Domestic sailors bought small chickens for what?
Question: What breed of worm is named after a town in Java?
Question: Why are bantams not considered an animal?
Question: What bird is unable to lay eggs due to the small size?
Question: Where are bantams usually hidden?
Question: What sailors disliked small chickens?
Question: How long ago was the sport of fighting chickens been around?
Answer: Cockfighting is said to be the world's oldest spectator sport and may have originated in Persia 6,000 years ago.
Question: What is the termed used to define the game of fighting chickens called?
Answer: Cockfighting
Question: Do chickens die in the sport of cockfighting?
Answer: fight each other, and will do so with great vigour until one is critically injured or killed.
Question: Have theere been any types of chickens who were really good at cockfighting?
Answer: Breeds such as the Aseel were developed in the Indian subcontinent for their aggressive behaviour
Question: Do people bet on the cockfighting or is it just for entertainment?
Answer: large sums were won or lost depending on the outcome of an encounter.
Question: What breed of rooster was developed in the Chinese subcontinent?
Question: What is said to be Persia's oldest spectator sport?
Question: Why has cockfighting has been banned in many cultures during the last century?
Question: When was the sport of fighting chickens stopped?
Question: What is the term used to define the game of breeding chickens called?
Question: What are chickens not going to do during a cockfight?
Question: Have there been any types of kittens who were really good at cockfighting?
Question: Why is cockfighting no longer something people want to be involved with?
Question: How can you identify a duck from other poultry?
Answer: medium-sized aquatic birds with broad bills, eyes on the side of the head, fairly long necks, short legs set far back on the body, and webbed feet.
Question: What do you call a male duck?
Answer: drakes
Question: How can you identify a drake from a the female of the species?
Answer: larger than females (simply known as ducks) and are differently coloured in some breeds
Question: What does the diet of cultivated ducks consistof ?
Answer: aquatic insects, molluscs, worms, small amphibians, waterweeds, and grasses.
Question: Do all ducks fly south for the winter?
Answer: Most domestic ducks are too heavy to fly
Question: Why can't you identify a duck from other poultry?
Question: What can you never call a male duck?
Question: What does the diet of cultivated ducks not include?
Question: How many ducks hibernate during the winter?
Question: What makes it impossible for ducks to eat animals?
Question: How long have ducks possibly been in domesticated domicile with humans?
Answer: Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture
Question: How far behind the east society was the western culture in domesticating ducks?
Answer: domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West
Question: How did Lucius Columella recommend that one go abbout the business of domesticating ducks.?
Answer: collect wildfowl eggs and put them under a broody hen,
Question: When did ducks begin to appear in the books of Western Europeon Society ?
Answer: ducks did not appear in agricultural texts in Western Europe until about 810 AD
Question: Where ducks ever used as a type of commerence in the world?
Answer: mentioned alongside geese, chickens, and peafowl as being used for rental payments made by tenants to landowners.
Question: How long have ducks continued to avoid humans?
Question: How far behind the east society was the western culture in banning ducks?
Question: How did Lucius Columella recommend that one go about the business of domesticating felines?
Question: When did ducks begin to disappear from the books of Western European Society?
Question: What breed of duck is considered the first?
Answer: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the Muscovy duck
Question: What are the outcomes of the breeding of ducks for humans?
Answer: various breeds have been developed, selected for egg-laying ability, fast growth, and a well-covered carcase.
Question: What variety is the most common the the United States and the U.K.
Answer: Pekin duck
Question: Why is the Pekin duck the favored of the western world?
Answer: can lay 200 eggs a year and can reach a weight of 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) in 44 days
Question: Why is duck more common than other poultry in the east society ??
Answer: Ducks are more popular there than chickens and are mostly still herded in the traditional way and selected for their ability to find sufficient food in
Question: What breed of duck is considered the worst?
Question: What are the outcomes of breeding ducks with humans?
Question: What variety of duck is no longer found in the US and the UK?
Question: Why is the Pekin duck unfavorable in the western world?
Question: What common variety of poultry in the west is not found in the east?
Question: When was the greylag goose first domesticated by humans?
Answer: The greylag goose (Anser anser) was domesticated by the Egyptians at least 3000 years ago
Question: What other name is the swan goose know by ?
Answer: Chinese goose
Question: Where is it believed that the greylag goose was first domesticated in theworld?
Answer: Siberia
Question: Are geese an important part of the poultry industry?
Answer: Despite their early domestication, geese have never gained the commercial importance of chickens and ducks.
Question: When was the greylag goose domesticated by the Romans?
Question: What other name is the swan goose no longer known by?
Question: Where is it believed that the greylag goose was never domesticated?
Question: What is no longer an important part of the poultry industry?
Question: do domestic and wild geese have the same apperearance ?
Answer: Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends
Question: What types of geese are used for human consumption?
Answer: The greylag-derived birds
Question: What types of geese are used most efficiently for their egg production?
Answer: Chinese geese
Question: What is the down feathers of geese most commonly used for ?
Answer: use in pillows and padded garments
Question: Why is the meat of geese considered fatty ?
Answer: they deposit fat subcutaneously, although this fat contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids
Question: What goose is unable to make any sound?
Question: What is the down feathers of geese never used for?
Question: Why is the meat of geese considered lean?
Question: What is the only type of goose not used for human consumption?
Question: How many species is the recent day turkey suspected to have embarked from?
Answer: descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey
Question: When were turkeys first used in a domestication setting?
Answer: Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC
Question: What other purposes have the domesticated turkey been used for aside from food?
Answer: feathers for robes, blankets, and ceremonial purposes
Question: When and with what culture did domesticated turkey start to appear in the United States ?
Answer: Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the United States did likewise around 200 BC.
Question: How many species is the recent day Bigfoot suspected to have embarked from?
Question: When were turkeys first used in a hostile setting?
Question: What other purposes have the endangered turkeys been used for aside from food?
Question: When and with what culture did domesticated turkey start to appear in the ocean?
Question: What type of accomidations are domesticated turkey normally grown in?
Answer: Commercial turkeys are usually reared indoors under controlled conditions
Question: What type of conditions are used to increase the weight and profitability of commercial turkeys?
Answer: The lights can be switched on for 24-hrs/day, or a range of step-wise light regimens to encourage the birds to feed often and therefore grow rapidly
Question: At what age is the average turkey considered ready for the initial step of the commercial food process?
Answer: Females achieve slaughter weight at about 15 weeks of age and males at about 19
Question: How much more does a average commercial  turkey weigh in comparison to its wild turkey cousins ?
Answer: Mature commercial birds may be twice as heavy as their wild counterparts
Question: What the average for the amount of  turkeys are consumed in the U.S on Thanksgiving Day?
Answer: 60 million birds in the United States
Question: What are domesticated turkeys no longer grown in?
Question: What age is the moose considered ready for the initial step of the commercial food process?
Question: What is the average for the amount of parrots that are consumed in the U.S on Thanksgiving Day?
Question: What type of conditions are used to decrease the weight and profitability of commercial turkeys?
Question: How much more does a average commercial feather weigh in comparison to its wild turkey cousins ?
Question: Have quails ever been used for entertainment purposes ?
Answer: They were originally kept as songbirds, and they are thought to have been regularly used in song contests.
Question: Where can quails typically be found in the wild?
Answer: it is found in bushy places, in rough grassland, among agricultural crops, and in other places with dense cover.
Question: What is the typical diet consist of for qails ?
Answer: seeds, insects, and other small invertebrates.
Question: From what country do most domesticated  quails today descend from ?
Answer: modern domesticated flocks are mostly of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Question: Why are quails always silent?
Question: Where are quails typically invisible in the wild?
Question: What does a rare diet always consist of for quails?
Question: What country do all domesticated quails descend from?
Question: Why did the Japanses begin to breed quails in teh 20th century?
Answer: Japanese breeders began to selectively breed for increased egg production.
Question: When did the quail egg business begin to really become an economic driven industry?
Answer: By 1940, the quail egg industry was flourishing,
Question: What caused a marked sownturn in the production of quail eggs following the industry boom?
Answer: the events of World War II led to the complete loss of quail lines bred for their song type, as well as almost all of those bred for egg production
Question: How many eggs can be laid by the present day decendants of the Japanese quail?
Answer: Modern birds can lay upward of 300 eggs a year