huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: In which areas does Melbourne's diversified economy have strengths?
Answer: finance, manufacturing, research, IT, education, logistics, transportation and tourism
Question: Which company is the world's largest mining company?
Answer: BHP Billiton
Question: Which city is home to Australia's largest and busiest seaport?
Answer: Melbourne
Question: Which city is home to Australia's second busiest airport?
Answer: Melbourne
Question: How much money in trade does Australia's largest and busiest seaport handle?
Answer: $75 billion
Question: Which city in Greece is Melbourne's sister city?
Answer: Thessaloniki
Question: What is the most common surname in Melbourne's phone book?
Answer: Smith
Question: What is the secondmost common surname in Melbourne's phone book?
Answer: Nguyen
Question: Which Melbourne based university has campuses in Malaysia?
Answer: Swinburne University
Question: Which Melbourne based college has a research centre in Prato, Italy?
Answer: Monash
Question: Which university is the second oldest in Australia?
Answer: The University of Melbourne
Question: What is the Group of Eight?
Answer: a coalition of leading Australian tertiary institutions offering comprehensive and leading education
Question: What are examples of Youth radio stations?
Answer: ABC Triple J and youth run SYN
Question: Which music stations strive to play under represented music?
Answer: Triple J, and similarly PBS and Triple R
Question: Which radio station caters for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender audiences?
Answer: JOY 94.9
Question: Which station caters to sports fans and enthusiasts?
Answer: SEN 1116
Question: 3MBS and ABC Classic FM play what type of music?
Answer: classical
Question: What are the origins of Melbourne's tram network?
Answer: the city's 1880s land boom
Question: How many passenger trips were made by tram in Melbourne between 2013-2014?
Answer: 176.9 million
Question: How many tram stops are on Melbourne's tram network?
Answer: 1,763
Question: How many routes does Melbourne's bus network consist of?
Answer: almost 300
Question: How many passenger trips were recorded on Melbourne's buses in 2013-2014
Answer: 127.6 million
Question: Who did Henry marry?
Answer: Eleanor of Aquitaine
Question: Who was Henry's ally?
Answer: Holy Roman Emperor
Question: Where did Henry travel to?
Answer: Paris
Question: Who returned to Brittany?
Answer: Geoffrey
Question: Who was imprisoned?
Answer: Eleanor
Question: Who was the sole surviving son?
Answer: John
Question: Where was John crowned?
Answer: Westminster
Question: Whose army pressed up the Loire valley?
Answer: Arthur
Question: What was John summoned as?
Answer: Count of Poitou
Question: What quality did Henry II and Richard possess?
Answer: divine majesty
Question: What century were there contrary opinions expressed about the nature of kingship?
Answer: 12th century
Question: What did John suffer from?
Answer: royal schizophrenia
Question: How long did the inflationary pressure continue?
Answer: 13th century
Question: When did John address problems with the English currency?
Answer: 1204 and 1205
Question: How did he address the problems with the English currency?
Answer: carrying out a radical overhaul of the coinage
Question: When was John appointed the Lord of Ireland?
Answer: 1177
Question: When did Richard I become king?
Answer: 1189
Question: Who unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard's royal administrators?
Answer: John
Question:  Nicholas Vincent was described as what?
Answer: downright mean
Question: When did John have conjugal relationships with Isabella?
Answer: 1207 and 1215
Question: How many children did John and Isabella have?
Answer: five children
Question: When was John excommunicated?
Answer: 1209
Question: When was the Magna Carta peace treaty agreed upon?
Answer: 1215
Question: Who won victory over Louis and the rebel barons?
Answer: Henry III
Question: What prevented the departure of the planned 1205 expedition?
Answer: Baronial unrest in England
Question: When did Poitou depart?
Answer: 1206
Question: Why did John divert south?
Answer: to counter a threat to Gascony from Alfonso VIII of Castile
Question: Why did Philip move south?
Answer: to meet John
Question: What was Henry promised as part of his future inheritance?
Answer: Normandy and Anjou
Question: Who became the Duke of Brittany?
Answer: Geoffrey
Question: What was John's nickname?
Answer: Lackland
Question: What did John build up?
Answer: travelling library of books
Question: Who became a connoisseur of jewels?
Answer: John
Question: What did John do in fits of rage?
Answer: biting and gnawing his fingers
Question: What lead to the king's excommunication?
Answer: a dispute with Pope Innocent III
Question: Who said Pope Innocent was an ambitious and aggressive religious leader?
Answer: historian Ralph Turner
Question: How many knights accompanied John to Ireland?
Answer: 300
Question: How did John offend the local Irish rulers?
Answer: making fun of their unfashionable long beards
Question: How did Henry the Young King die?
Answer: dysentery
Question: Who became the Duke of Aquitaine in place of Richard?
Answer: John
Question: When did the war end?
Answer: 1184
Question: How many marks did John surrender?
Answer: 1,000
Question: Where was the agreement formalised?
Answer: Bulla Aurea
Question: What did John do when Richard did not return from his crusade?
Answer: assert that his brother was dead
Question: Who captured Richard?
Answer: Duke of Austria
Question: When did the king return to England?
Answer: 1194
Question: When was Longchamp isolated in the Tower of London?
Answer: October 1191
Question: Where did Walter of Coutances return to?
Answer: England
Question: Who was the rebel baron leader?
Answer: Robert fitz Walter
Question: What did John instruct Langton to do?
Answer: organise peace talks with the rebel barons
Question: When was John's decision to marry Isabella?
Answer: August 1200
Question: John acquired key land between Poitou and where?
Answer: Gascony
Question: Who renewed the anti-French alliances?
Answer: Baldwin IX of Flanders and Renaud of Boulogne
Question: When was the Treaty of Le Goulet negotiated?
Answer: May 1200
Question: What nickname did John's policy earn him?
Answer: John Softsword
Question: Who was Henry II's granddaughter?
Answer: Blanche of Castile
Question: What did John do once he contained Alexander in Scotland?
Answer: he marched south to deal with the challenge of the coming invasion
Question: Where was Arthur imprisoned?
Answer: Falaise
Question: Who was kept imprisoned by John for many years?
Answer: Eleanor
Question: Who deserted John in favor of Philip?
Answer: William de Roches
Question: How was John's financial situation?
Answer: tenuous
Question: Who was declared the protector of Henry III after John's death?
Answer: William Marshal
Question: Who gave up their claim to the English throne?
Answer: Louis
Question: What agreement failed?
Answer: Magna Carta
Question: Until when did Henry III continue his attempts to reclaim Normandy?
Answer: 1259
Question: What was one of John's principal challenges?
Answer: acquiring the large sums of money needed
Question: When did Richard sell many royal properties?
Answer: 1189
Question: Where did John derive income from?
Answer: fines, court fees and the sale of charters and other privileges
Question: When was the system of coroners first introduced?
Answer: 1194
Question: Why was John motivated?
Answer: potential of the royal legal process to raise fees
Question: When did new interpretations of John's reign begin to emerge?
Answer: 1940s
Question: Who wrote an essay in 1945 that proposed a "new approach?"
Answer: Vivian Galbraith
Question: Who suggested that Ireland was less stable by 1216 than previously supposed?
Answer: Lewis Warren
Question: What famous knight was subjected to John's malevolentia?
Answer: William Marshal
Question: How many marks did De Braose refuse to pay?
Answer: 40,000
Question: When did De Braose die?
Answer: 1211
Question: Who did Henry II express his fury and ill-will towards?
Answer: Thomas Becket
Question: What was exacerbated by the tradition of Angevin royal ira et malevolentia?
Answer: the king to rely on his own men at the expense of the barons
Question: John had to additional ability to do what?
Answer: cripple his vassals
Question: When did John recreate a version of Henry II's Assize of Arms?
Answer: 1181
Question: How many knights out of ten would be mobilised?
Answer: one
Question: John did not regard the loss of Duchy as a permanent shift in what?
Answer: Capetian power
Question: What was John's preferred plan?
Answer: use Poitou as a base of operations
Question: When did the king cross into Ireland with a large army?
Answer: 1210
Question: During Richard's rule, what did John successfully do?
Answer: increased the size of his lands in Ireland
Question: When was the political relationship between England and Scotland disputed?
Answer: late 12th and early 13th centuries
Question: Who forced William the Lion to swear fealty to him?
Answer: Henry II
Question: What did John force William to sign?
Answer: Treaty of Norham
Question: John treated the interdict as what?
Answer: the equivalent of a papal declaration of war
Question: John seized the lands of who?
Answer: those clergy unwilling to conduct services
Question: When did Innocent excommunicate the king?
Answer: November 1209
Question: How many marks did the church lose?
Answer: 100,000
Question: John felt Langton was overly influenced by what?
Answer: the Capetian court in Paris
Question: Who was barred Langton from entering England?
Answer: England
Question: when did Innocent place an interdict on England?
Answer: March 1208
Question: John besieged what castle?
Answer: Roche-au-Moine
Question: Who refused to advance with the king?
Answer: The local Angevin nobles
Question: Who won the battle of Bouvines?
Answer: Philip
Question: How long was the truce intended to last for?
Answer: six years
Question: When did John begin his final campaign to reclaim Normandy?
Answer: 1214
Question: Who did John build alliances with?
Answer: Emperor Otto, Renaud of Boulogne and Count Ferdinand of Flanders
Question: When did John leave for Poitou?
Answer: February 1214
Question: What did the rebels seize?
Answer: Rochester Castle
Question: Who lead the rebellion against the 1211 settlement?
Answer: Llywelyn the Great
Question: What was John's strategy?
Answer: isolate the rebel barons in London
Question: Who suspected that the proposed baronial council would be unacceptable?
Answer: rebel barons
Question: John appealed to who for help?
Answer: Innocent
Question: The failure of the agreement lead to what?
Answer: First Barons' War
Question: What did the king lose on his way to the west?
Answer: significant part of his baggage
Question: When did John face a stalemate?
Answer: October 1216
Question: When were the Crown Jewels lost?
Answer: as he crossed one of the tidal estuaries
Question: Where did John march from?
Answer: Cotswolds
Question: Where did John contract dysentery?
Answer: King's Lynn
Question: Who invaded northern England?
Answer: Alexander II
Question: When did political and religious changes alter the attitude of historians towards John?
Answer: 16th century
Question: What praised John's "great renown" as a king?
Answer: John Speed's Historie of Great Britaine
Question: What heavily influenced nineteenth-century fictional depictions of John?
Answer: Ivanhoe
Question: Who played John in 1938?
Answer: Claude Rains
Question: Who was John depicted alongside?
Answer: Robin Hood
Question: Which historians wrote early in John's life?
Answer: Richard of Devizes, William of Newburgh, Roger of Hoveden and Ralph de Diceto
Question: How did historians feel about John's behavior under Richard's rule?
Answer: unsympathetic
Question: John attempted conversion of what in exchange for military aid?
Answer: Islam
Question: What was Anthony Munday's play?
Answer: The Downfall and The Death of Robert Earl of Huntington
Question: In The Troublesome Reign of King John, John portrayed the king as what?
Answer: proto-Protestant martyr
Question: What historian summarised the contemporary historical opinion of John's positive qualities?
Answer: Jim Bradbury
Question: John remains a recurring character within what culture?
Answer: Western
Question: Who was Alais?
Answer: the daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy
Question: What castles did Henry II transfer into John's name?
Answer: Chinon, Loudun and Mirebeau
Question: When did John successfully conduct a sudden attack and siege of Evreux castle?
Answer: 1195
Question: Who was the Count of Mortain?
Answer: John
Question: Hugh of Lusignan was an important member of what?
Answer: a key Poitou noble family
Question: John treated Hugh with what?
Answer: contempt
Question: What did John attempt to relieve in late 1203?
Answer: Château Gaillard
Question: Who blocked John's relief operation?
Answer: Philip's forces
Question: When did Gaillard fall?
Answer: March 1204
Question: What was John's only remaining possession on the Continent?
Answer: Duchy of Aquitaine
Question: When did John initiate a new round of appointments?
Answer: 1194
Question: Who were subject to huge taxes?
Answer: The Jews
Question: When did John create a new tax on income and movable goods?
Answer: 1207
Question: How many children did John have with mistresses during his first marriage?
Answer: five
Question: How many of John's known illegitimate children were born after he remarried?
Answer: None
Question: How many galleys were available by the end of 1204?
Answer: 50
Question: 54 vessels were built between what years?
Answer: 1209 and 1212
Question: Who was appointed "keeper of the galleys?"
Answer: William of Wrotham
Question: Where did John visit every year between 1204 and 1211?
Answer: Wales
Question: Who did John marry Joan to?
Answer: Llywelyn the Great
Question: What did John use to increase his own territory and power?
Answer: marcher lords and the native Welsh
Question: When did a royal expedition to enforce agreements occur?
Answer: 1211
Question: Where were Monastic communities allowed to celebrate Mass in private?
Answer: 1209
Question: When was the Holy Viaticum for the dying authorised?
Answer: 1212
Question: What threat was John worried about?
Answer: French invasion
Question: Where did John recruit mercenary forces from?
Answer: Poitou
Question: John announced his intent to become what?
Answer: a crusader
Question: John marched against who in January 1216?
Answer: Alexander II of Scotland
Question: John sent William Longespee to retake what?
Answer: north side of London and East Anglia
Question: When was a new sarcophagus made for him?
Answer: 1232
Question: Where was John buried?
Answer: Worcester Cathedral
Question: Who blamed John's family background for his cruel personality?
Answer: James Ramsay
Question: What documents trace a progressive and universalist course of political and economic development in England?
Answer: Domesday Book and Magna Carta
Question: What period in the 19th century were historians more inclined to draw on the judgements of the chroniclers?
Answer: Victorian
Question: John lost the duchy of Normandy to who?
Answer: King Philip II of France
Question: What led to the sealing of the Magna Carta?
Answer: baronial revolt
Question: The collapse of the Angevin Empire contributed to the growth in power of what dynasty?
Answer: Capetian
Question: John was taught by who?
Answer: Ranulph Glanville
Question: John was assigned what whilst he was at Fontevrault?
Answer: magister
Question: When did Henry II appropriate the estates of the late Earl of Cornwall?
Answer: 1175
Question: Who dismissed William FitzAldelm as the Lord of Ireland?
Answer: Henry
Question: When did Richard become king?
Answer: September 1189
Question: Who took over as joint justiciar with Puiset after Mandeville died?
Answer: Longchamp
Question: Who convinced Richard to allow John to join into England?
Answer: Eleanor
Question: Warfare in Normandy was shaped by what?
Answer: defensive potential of castles
Question: What were mercenary forces called?
Answer: Brabançons
Question: What castle was built at a strategic point?
Answer: Château Gaillard
Question: Why was Philip forced to withdraw in the east?
Answer: southern flank weakening
Question: Who was caught by surprised?
Answer: Arthur
Question: Who dealt with income and expenditure?
Answer: the Treasury and the Exchequer
Question: John followed in the tradition of who?
Answer: Henry I and Henry II
Question: Who were the curia regis?
Answer: senior officials and agents of the king
Question: The mercenary leaders became infamous in England for what?
Answer: their uncivilised behaviour
Question: Who was later declared a saint?
Answer: Hugh of Lincoln
Question: Many records showed what?
Answer: John's offerings to the poor
Question: What did John do during the truce of 1206-1208?
Answer: focused on building up his financial and military resources
Question: By 1212, John had successfully concluded alliances  with who?
Answer: Otto IV
Question: John launched his new fleet to attach the French where?
Answer: the harbour of Damme
Question: Who did Innocent disavow?
Answer: Reginald and John de Gray
Question: Who did John force to change their support to John de Gray?
Answer: Canterbury chapter
Question: Where did many of the disaffected barons come from?
Answer: north of England
Question: Who was appointed justiciar?
Answer: Peter des Roches
Question: What was the final straw that precipitated the baronial uprising during John's final years as king?
Answer: The failure of John's French military campaign
Question: When did John meet the rebel leaders at Runnymede?
Answer: 15 June 1215
Question: A council of how many barons was created to monitor John's future adherence to the charter?
Answer: twenty-five
Question: The peace agreement was renamed what?
Answer: Magna Carta
Question: When did Prince Louis int to land in the south of England?
Answer: May 1216
Question: Why did John hesitate to attack Louis?
Answer: due to the risks of open battle
Question: When did the rebels regain the south-east of England?
Answer: end of the summer
Question: Who did Joan marry to become queen consort?
Answer: Alexander II of Scotland
Question: How many legitimate children did John have?
Answer: five
Question: Who was John's eldest son?
Answer: Henry III
Question: What biographers argue that John was an unsuccessful monarch?
Answer: Ralph Turner and Lewis Warren
Question: Modern historians have been over lenient towards what?
Answer: John's numerous faults
Question: John Gillingham considers John what?
Answer: a less effective general
Question: What hindered the competetive ability of Apple when it was introduced?
Answer: expensive
Question: Where did Macintosh initially find success in the market?
Answer: education and desktop publishing
Question: Which platform, when improved in the 1990's, took market share from Macintosh?
Answer: Wintel
Question: What type of advantage did Intel's Pentium over Macintosh systems in the 1990's?
Answer: performance
Question: Who became the top PC manufacturer in 1994, leaving Apple in 3rd place?
Answer: Compaq
Question: What hindered the competetive ability of Microsoft when it was introduced?
Question: Where did Macintosh initially fail in the market?
Question: Which platform, when improved in the 1980's, took market share from Macintosh?
Question: What type of advantage did Intel's Pentium over Macintosh systems in the 1980's?
Question: Who became the top PC manufacturer in 1984, leaving Apple in 3rd place?
Question: How much RAM did the first Maciuntosh board have?
Answer: 64 kilobytes (kB)
Question: Whose idea was it to run Apple Lisa's graphical programs on the Macintosh?
Answer: Bud Tribble, a member of the Mac team
Question: What did Tribble first incorporate into the Mac?
Answer: Lisa's Motorola 68000 microprocessor
Question: Which design feature did Smith eventually use to make production of a newly designed board more cost-efficient?
Answer: fewer RAM chips than the Lisa
Question: What feature was missing from the final Mac design produced by Smith?
Answer: memory slots
Question: How much ROM did the first Macintosh board have?
Question: Whose idea was it to run Microsoft Lisa's graphical programs on the Macintosh?
Question: What did Tribble last incorporate into the Mac?
Question: Which design feature did Smith eventually use to make production of a newly designed board less cost-efficient?
Question: What feature was present in the final Mac design produced by Smith?
Question: How much did Apple spend to advertise in a special post-election issue of Newsweek?
Answer: $2.5 million
Question: What was the name of the big promotion Apple ran in the special edition of Newsweek?
Answer: "Test Drive a Macintosh"
Question: What did Apple allow potential buyers to take home and try for 24 hours?
Answer: a Macintosh
Question: How were many computers returned during the Test Drive a Macintosh promotion that made them unsellable?
Answer: a bad condition
Question: Who was the CEO of Apple during the Test Drive a Macintosh promotion?
Answer: John Sculley
Question: What was the longest-lived Macintosh in Apple's history while it was in production?
Answer: The Mac Plus
Question: How long did the Mac Plus remain in production, unchanged?
Answer: just over four years and ten months
Question: In 1986, what did Apple introduce to allow developers to create software for Macintosh on Macintosh?
Answer: Macintosh Programmer's Workshop
Question: What did Apple's HyerCard and MultiFinder add to the Macintosh?
Answer: cooperative multitasking
Question: After their unveiling in 1987, what did Apple begin bundling with every Macintosh?
Answer: HyperCard and MultiFinder
Question: What was the shortest-lived Macintosh in Apple's history while it was in production?
Question: How long did the Mac Minus remain in production, unchanged?
Question: In 1984, what did Apple introduce to allow developers to create software for Macintosh on Macintosh?
Question: What did Microsoft's HyerCard and MultiFinder add to the Macintosh?
Question: After their unveiling in 1978, what did Apple begin bundling with every Macintosh?
Question: What Macintosh first included an on-board MMU?
Answer: the Macintosh IIx
Question: What was the first Mac to be "32-bit clean"?
Answer: the Macintosh IIci
Question: What was the starting price of the Macintosh llfx when it was unveiled?
Answer: US$9,900
Question: How many Apple II CPUS's did the new Macintosh llfx include?
Answer: two
Question: How fast was the processor on the new Macintosh llfx?
Answer: 40 MHz
Question: What Macintosh first included an on-board MUM?
Question: What was the first Mac to be "23-bit clean"?
Question: How many Apple I CPUS's did the new Macintosh llfx include?
Question: What was the starting price of the Macintosh llf when it was unveiled?
Question: How fast was the processor on the new Macintosh llx?
Question: Which Mac is known for improving the handling of color graphics?
Answer: Mac OS, System 7
Question: Who did Apple pay expensive consulting fees to before doing in-house work?
Answer: Frogdesign
Question: What was established for bringing Apple's design work in-house?
Answer: the Apple Industrial Design Group
Question: Who was responsible for crafting a new look for all Apple products?
Answer: Apple Industrial Design Group
Question: How did the Mac System 7 improve multitasking?
Answer: co-operative multitasking
Question: Which Mac is known for improving the handling of non-color graphics?
Question: Who did Microsoft pay expensive consulting fees to before doing in-house work?
Question: What was established for bringing Microsoft's design work in-house?
Question: Who was responsible for crafting a new look for all Microsoft products?
Question: How did the Mac System 6 improve multitasking?
Question: What did Steve Jobs order the OS version 7.7 to be branded as?
Answer: Mac OS 8
Question: What did the branding of the Mac OS 8 effectively end?
Answer: the clone line
Question: What effect did Mac's decision to brand the Mac OS8 have on companies such as Motorola?
Answer: significant financial losses
Question: How much money did Umax lose when it exited the low-end Mac clone market?
Answer: USD$36 million
Question: Who returned to Apple in 1990?
Question: What did Steve Jobs order the OS version 7.8 to be branded as?
Question: What did the branding of the Mac OS 7 effectively end?
Question: What effect did Mac's decision to brand the Mac OS7 have on companies such as Motorola?
Question: How much money did Umax lose when it exited the high-end Mac clone market?
Question: What programming language was the Mac OS initially developed in?
Answer: Pascal
Question: What language replaced Pascal for System 7?
Answer: C++
Question: What was the fuly overhauled successor to Mac OS 9?
Answer: Mac OS X
Question: Upon release, what interface allowed Mac users to sample Apple's new operating system and provide feedback for the actual release?
Answer: Aqua
Question: What did new architecture on the Mac OS line make necessary?
Question: What spoken language was the Mac OS initially developed in?
Question: What language replaced Pascal for System 8?
Question: What was the fuly overhauled successor to Mac OS 8?
Question: Upon release, what interface allowed Mac users to sample Microsoft's new operating system and provide feedback for the actual release?
Question: What is the only mainstream computer platform to successfully transition to a new CPU architecture?
Answer: Macintosh
Question: What is the standard amount of RAM included with almost all current Mac models?
Answer: 8 GB
Question: Which MacBook Pro port can transfer data at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second?
Answer: Thunderbolt
Question: When was the iMac G5 released?
Answer: October 2005
Question: Which interface did Apple introduce that was capable of being operated by an Apple Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer?
Answer: Front Row
Question: What is the standard amount of RAM shipped with most Mac models?
Answer: 8 GB
Question: What processors are used by the current Mac product family?
Answer: Intel x86-64
Question: How many data transfer ports are included in most current Macs?
Answer: two
Question: According to Apple, how fast can the Thunderbolt port transfer data?
Answer: up to 10 gigabits per second.
Question: What is the only mainstream computer platform to unsuccessfully transition to a new CPU architecture?
Question: What is the standard amount of ROM included with almost all current Mac models?
Question: Which MacBook Pro port can transfer data at speeds up to 20 gigabits per second?
Question: When was the iMac G6 released?
Question: Which interface did Apple introduce that was capable of being operated by an Microsoft Remote or keyboard for accessing media stored on the computer?
Question: Which technique was once used to boot an alternate operating system than Mac OS?
Answer: boot into Mac OS and then to hand over control to a Mac OS-based bootloader application
Question: What was introduced that made using Mac OS alternative operating systems easier?
Answer: Open Firmware-based PCI Macs
Question: What were Open Firmware-based PCI Macs used as a convenience because of?
Answer: bugs in the firmware implementation
Question: Where does Mac hardware boot directly to in all Intel-based Macs?
Answer: EFI
Question: Where does Mac harware boot directly to in most PowerPC-based Macs?
Answer: Open Firmware
Question: Which technique was once used to boot an alternate operating system than Mac SO?
Question: What was introduced that made using Mac OP alternative operating systems easier?
Question: What were Open Firmware-based PIC Macs used as a convenience because of?
Question: Where does Mac hardware boot indirectly to in all Intel-based Macs?
Question: Where does Mac harware boot indirectly to in most PowerPC-based Macs?
Question: Who was brought in to shape the marketing of Macintosh in 1982?
Answer: Regis McKenna
Question: What role did Andy Cunningham and Jane Anderson have in the Macintosh launch plan?
Answer: primary authors
Question: Who introduced the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept to Apple?
Answer: John Sculley
Question: Which company first used the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept?
Answer: Pepsi
Question: What did the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept create around a product?
Answer: a mystique
Question: Who was brought in to shape the marketing of Macintosh in 1928?
Question: What role did Andy Cunningham and Jane Anderson have in the Microsoft launch plan?
Question: Who introduced the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept to Microsoft?
Question: Which company last used the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept?
Question: What didn't the "multiple exclusive" event marketing concept create around a product?
Question: Who initiated a successful price war among PC manufacturers in 1994?
Answer: Compaq
Question: Who did Compaq overtake in the price war of 1994?
Answer: IBM
Question: What happened to Apple's market share with the release of Windows 95?
Answer: struggled
Question: What unified Microsoft's MS-DOS and Windows products?
Answer: Windows 95
Question: What significantly enhanced the multimedia capability of IBM PC compatible computers?
Answer: Windows 95
Question: Who initiated a successful price war among PC manufacturers in 1995
Question: Who did Compaq overtake in the price war of 1993?
Question: What happened to Apple's market share with the release of Windows 98?
Question: What unified Apple's MS-DOS and Windows products?
Question: What significantly enhanced the multimedia capability of IBM PC incompatible computers?
Question: What percent of the desktop share in the U.S. did Apple have in 2003?
Answer: 2.06
Question: Who are IDC and Gartner?
Answer: research firms
Question: What was Apple's market share in the U.S. by 2006?
Answer: 6.1 percent
Question: What percentage of unit sale increase did Apple see from 2005 to 2006?
Answer: 30
Question: What was the estimated installed base of Mac computers in 2009?
Answer: 16%
Question: What percent of the desktop share in the U.S. did Apple have in 2004?
Question: Who are CID and Gartner?
Question: What was Apple's market share in the U.S. by 2005?
Question: What percentage of unit sale increase did Apple see from 2005 to 2007?
Question: What was the estimated installed base of Mac computers in 2010?
Question: When was the Macintosh SE released at the same time as?
Answer: the Macintosh II
Question: What was the first compact Mac with a 20 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot?
Answer: The Macintosh SE
Question: What was the starting price of the Macintosh SE?
Answer: $2900
Question: What did the location of the SE's expansion slot potentially expose an upgrader to?
Answer: high voltage
Question: Who did Apple suggest users go to for performing updates on their SE's?
Answer: an authorized Apple dealer
Question: When was the Macintosh ES released at the same time as?
Question: What was the last compact Mac with a 20 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot?
Question: What was the first compact Mac with a 40 MB internal hard drive and an expansion slot?
Question: What was the starting price of the Macintosh ES?
Question: What did the location of the ES's expansion slot potentially expose an upgrader to?
Question: What is partially credited for the significant boost in sales of Macs in recent years?
Answer: the success of the iPod and the iPhone
Question: What allows users to easily sync data between an iPhone and a Mac?
Answer: iCloud cloud service
Question: What consumer trend has hurt many personal computer manufacturers?
Answer: smartphones and tablet computers
Question: Which smartphone has hurt personal computer manufacterers the most?
Answer: Apple's own iPhone
Question: What are the top two computing devices consumers are choosing?
Answer: iPhone and iPad
Question: What is partially credited for the insignificant boost in sales of Macs in recent years?
Question: What allows users to easily sync data between an iPhone and a PC?
Question: What consumer trend has hurt many business computer manufacturers?
Question: Which smartphone has hurt personal computer manufacterers the least?
Question: What are the top three computing devices consumers are choosing?
Question: What did Apple introduce in 1990 to combat competition from smartphones?
Answer: relatively inexpensive Macs
Question: What was the less expensive version of the Macintosh SE that was offered until 2001?
Answer: The Macintosh Classic
Question: Which Macintosh had a distinctive "pizza box" case?
Answer: LC
Question: How many expansion slots did the Macintosh IIsi have?
Answer: only one
Question: How did Apple's profit margin on the lower cost Mac's compare to the profit margin onearlier models?
Answer: considerably lower
Question: What did Apple introduce in 1991 to combat competition from smartphones?
Question: What was the more expensive version of the Macintosh SE that was offered until 2001?
Question: Which IBM had a distinctive "pizza box" case?
Question: How many expansion slots did the Macintosh Isi have?
Question: How did Apple's profit margin on the higher cost Mac's compare to the profit margin on earlier models?
Question: Which Mac used aluminum in it's construction?
Answer: MacBook Pro
Question: Which material did Apple add with the 2008 unibody MacBrook Pro?
Answer: Glass
Question: Are aluminum and glass considered to be environmentally friendly or environmentally harmful?
Answer: environmentally friendly
Question: What has Chief Designer Jonathan Ive been able to eliminate in Mac notebooks?
Answer: replaceable batteries
Question: When did Apple begin not to favor aluminum in their design?
Question: Which Mac used tin in it's construction?
Question: Which material did Apple add with the 2009 unibody MacBrook Pro?
Question: Are tin and glass considered to be environmentally friendly or environmentally harmful?
Question: What has Chief Designer Jonathan Ive been able to eliminate in HP notebooks?
Question: Who began the Macintosh project in 1979?
Answer: Jef Raskin
Question: What was Jef Raskin's profession?
Answer: an Apple employee
Question: What did Jef Raskin envision for a computer to be for an average consumer?
Answer: easy-to-use, low-cost
Question: Why was the spelling of McIntosh changed to Macintosh?
Answer: for legal reasons
Question: What did McIntosh Laboratory, Inc. manufacture?
Answer: audio equipment
Question: Who began the Macintosh project in 1997?
Question: What wasn't Jef Raskin's profession?
Question: What did Jef Raskin envision for a computer to be for an average business?
Question: Why wasn't the spelling of McIntosh changed to Macintosh?
Question: What did MacIntosh Laboratory, Inc. manufacture?
Question: Who discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project in 1983?
Answer: John Dvorak
Question: Where was the Macintosh 128K manufactured?
Answer: Apple factory in Fremont, California
Question: How much did the television commercial "1984" cost?
Answer: US$1.5 million
Question: What did the television commercial "1984" introduce?
Answer: Macintosh 128K
Question: What did Regis McKenna call the "1984" ad that was aired during the Super Bowl?
Answer: "more successful than the Mac itself."
Question: Who discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project in 1938?
Question: Where was the Microsoft 128K manufactured?
Question: How much did the television commercial "1948" cost?
Question: What did the television commercial "1948" introduce?
Question: What did Regis McKenna call the "1948" ad that was aired during the Super Bowl?
Question: Who designed, develped, and marketed the Mac computers?
Answer: Apple Inc.
Question: What did Steve Jobs introduce on January 24, 1984?
Answer: original Macintosh computer
Question: What interface type did the original Macintosh include?
Answer: integral graphical user
Question: When did Apple begin phasing out Macintosh in favor of "Mac"?
Answer: Since 1998
Question: When was the Microsoft branded as Mac?
Question: Who designed, develped, and marketed the IBM computers?
Question: What did Steve Jobs introduce on January 24, 1988?
Question: What interface type did the original Macintosh exclude?
Question: When did Microsoft begin phasing out Macintosh in favor of "Mac"?
Question: What company was desktop publishing unique to at it's beginning?
Answer: Macintosh
Question: What three things were combined to develop desktop publishing?
Answer: Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher
Question: What did desktop publishing enable users to do?
Answer: design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics
Question: What applications strengthened Mac's position as a graphics computer?
Answer: Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, and Adobe's Photoshop and Illustrator
Question: When was the activity of desktop publishing last used?
Question: What company was desktop publishing not unique to at it's beginning?
Question: What two things were combined to develop desktop publishing?
Question: What did desktop publishing disable users from doing?
Question: What applications weakened Mac's position as a graphics computer?
Question: Who did Raskin immediately hire to help him on the Apple project in 1979?
Answer: his long-time colleague, Brian Howard
Question: Who comprised the original Mac team besides Raskin?
Answer: Howard, Joanna Hoffman, Burrell Smith, and Bud Tribble
Question: Who eventually lead the project on the Mac team?
Answer: Steve Jobs
Question: What year was Raskin fired by Apple?
Question: Who did Raskin immediately fire to help him on the Apple project in 1979?
Question: Who did Raskin immediately hire to help him on the Apple project in 1997?
Question: Who comprised the original Microsoft team besides Raskin?
Question: Who eventually lead the project on the Microsoft team?
Question: How many Macs did Apple sell worldwide during the 2009 holiday season?
Answer: 3.36 million
Question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2010?
Answer: 7.3%
Question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2011?
Answer: 9.3%
Question: What ranking was Apple in the PC global market share during 2014?
Answer: about 6%
Question: Who outperformed Apple in the 2014 PC global market share?
Answer: Lenovo, HP, Dell and Acer
Question: How many Macs did Apple sell worldwide during the 2008 holiday season?
Question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2000?
Question: What was Apples market share of all computer shipments in 2001?
Question: What ranking was Apple in the PC global market share during 2016?
Question: Who outperformed Apple in the 2017 PC global market share?
Question: In 1987, what did Apple spin off its software business as?
Answer: Claris
Question: Which series of applications was Claris responsible for inventing?
Answer: "Pro" series
Question: What did Claris rename the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program?
Answer: Claris Resolve
Question: What was ClarisWorks renamed beginning with version 5.0?
Answer: AppleWorks
Question: When was ClarisWorks reincorporated back into Apple?
Answer: 1998
Question: In 1978, what did Apple spin off its software business as?
Question: Which series of applications was Claris not responsible for inventing?
Question: What didn't Claris rename the Informix Wingz spreadsheet program?
Question: What was ClarisWorks renamed beginning with version 4.0?
Question: When was ClarisWorks reincorporated back into Microsoft?
Question: What two applications came bundled with Macs 2 days after "1984" was aired?
Answer: MacWrite and MacPaint
Question: Why did many software developers choose not to redesign the Mac operating system and rewrite the programming code?
Answer: This was a time-consuming task
Question: What year did Microsoft's MultiPlan migrate over from MS-DOS?
Answer: 1984
Question: What year was Apple's Macintosh Office suite introduced?
Answer: 1985
Question: What did Apple's "Lemmings" ad, which introduced Macintosh Office, do that made the ad unsuccessful?
Answer: insulting its own potential customers
Question: What two applications came bundled with Macs 2 days after "1948" was aired?
Question: Why did many hardware developers choose not to redesign the Mac operating system and rewrite the programming code?
Question: What year did Apple's MultiPlan migrate over from MS-DOS?
Question: What year was Microsoft's Macintosh Office suite introduced?
Question: What did Microsoft's "Lemmings" ad, which introduced Macintosh Office, do that made the ad unsuccessful?
Question: What was Macintosh ranked on the "list of intended brands for desktop purchases" for the 2011 holiday season?
Answer: third
Question: Who did Macintosh displace from 2nd place on the 2012 holiday season "list of intended brands for desktop purchases"?
Answer: Hewlett Packard
Question: Who did Macintosh displace from 1st place on the 2013 holiday season "list of intended brands for desktop purchases"?
Answer: Dell
Question: Which of Apple's products is focused on the ultraportable niche of PC's?
Answer: MacBooks
Question: According to NDP, who has generally dominated the premium PC market?
Question: What was Macintosh ranked on the "list of intended brands for desktop purchases" for the 2010 holiday season?
Question: Who did Macintosh displace from 2nd place on the 2011 holiday season "list of intended brands for desktop purchases"?
Question: Who did Macintosh displace from 1st place on the 2012 holiday season "list of intended brands for desktop purchases"?
Question: Which of Microsoft's products is focused on the ultraportable niche of PC's?
Question: What part of the Mac's could not be expanded easily in 1984?
Answer: memory
Question: What did Mac's lack in 1984 and have no means to easily attach?
Answer: a hard disk drive
Question: What did some small companies suggest Mac's 16 memory chips be replaced with?
Answer: larger-capacity chips
Question: How much more memory did Apple's Macintosh 512K, introduced in 1984, have than the original?
Answer: quadruple
Question: What was replaced in the upgrade that was offered for 128k Macs?
Answer: the logic board
Question: What part of the Mac's could not be expanded easily in 1994?
Question: What did Mac's lack in 1994 and have no means to easily attach?
Question: What did some small companies suggest Mac's 32 memory chips be replaced with?
Question: How much more memory did Apple's Macintosh 512K, introduced in 1994, have than the original?
Question: What was replaced in the upgrade that was offered for 256k Macs?
Question: On what grounds did Apple sue Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard in 1988?
Answer: they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI
Question: How was the lawsuit decided for Apple vs. Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard?
Answer: against Apple
Question: What did the FSF feel that Apple was trying to monopolize on?
Answer: GUIs in general
Question: How long did the FSF boycott GNU software for the Macintosh platform?
Answer: seven years
Question: What are some of the issues Apple cited in the lawsuit against Microsoft and HP?
Answer: the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows
Question: On what grounds did Apple sue Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard in 1998?
Question: How was the lawsuit decided for Apple vs. Compaq and Hewlett-Packard?
Question: What did the FSF feel that Microsoft was trying to monopolize on?
Question: How long did the FSF boycott GUN software for the Macintosh platform?
Question: What aren't some of the issues Apple cited in the lawsuit against Microsoft and HP?
Question: What did Apple's creation of too many similar models do to potential buyers?
Answer: confused potential buyers
Question: What was the hardware manufactured by third parties for Apple's System 7 known as?
Answer: Macintosh clones
Question: What did the Macintosh clones provide for consumers?
Answer: cheaper hardware
Question: What did Macintosh clones succeed in increasing for Macintosh?
Answer: market share
Question: Who did the Macintosh clones hurt financially?
Answer: Apple
Question: What did Microsoft's creation of too many similar models do to potential buyers?
Question: What was the hardware manufactured by third parties for Apple's System 6 known as?
Question: What did the Microsoft clones provide for consumers?
Question: What did Macintosh clones succeed in decreasing for Macintosh?
Question: Who did the Macintosh clones help financially?
Question: When did Apple begin shipping computers with CD-RW drives?
Answer: early 2001
Question: What did Apple begin offering as standard features meant for playing DVD's?
Answer: DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives
Question: Who admitted that Apple was late to the party with writable CD technology?
Answer: Steve Jobs
Question: Which Apple campaign did some people feel encouraged media piracy?
Answer: "Rip, Mix, Burn"
Question: What is the name of one of Apple's unsuccessful products?
Answer: Power Mac G4 Cube
Question: When did Microsoft begin shipping computers with CD-RW drives?
Question: What did Microsoft begin offering as standard features meant for playing DVD's?
Question: Who admitted that Microsoft was late to the party with writable CD technology?
Question: Which Apple campaign did some people feel discouraged media piracy?
Question: What is the name of one of Apple's successful products?
Question: What was the name of Apple's first portable computer?
Answer: Macintosh Portable
Question: When was the Macintosh Portable first released?
Answer: 1989
Question: What replaced the Macintosh Portable in 1991?
Answer: the PowerBook line
Question: What was the 1993 PowerBook 165c Apple's first portable computer to feature?
Answer: a color screen
Question: Which generation of PowerBooks introduced trackpads?
Answer: second
Question: What was the name of Apple's last portable computer?
Question: When was the Macintosh Portable last released?
Question: What replaced the Macintosh Portable in 1992?
Question: What was the 1992 PowerBook 165c Apple's first portable computer to feature?
Question: Which generation of PowerMacs introduced trackpads?
Question: What was Apple's Mac OS X based on?
Answer: Darwin and NEXTSTEP
Question: Who did Apple make Maverick free to?
Answer: everyone running Snow Leopard or later
Question: What computers is Maverick compatible with?
Answer: most Macs from 2007 and later
Question: What brought better multi display support to Mac?
Answer: Mavericks
Question: When was Mavericks introduced?
Answer: 2013
Question: What was Apple's Mac OS XX based on?
Question: Who did Microsoft make Maverick free to?
Question: What computers is Maverick incompatible with?
Question: What brought better single display support to Mac?
Question: When was Mavericks scrapped?
Question: What desktop did Apple release after the discontinued Power Macintosh G3?
Answer: Power Mac G4 Cube
Question: Why were sales of the Power Mac G4 Cube slow?
Answer: too expensive
Question: What did the Power Mac G4 have trouble overcoming after they dropped their price and upgraded their hardware?
Answer: earlier perception
Question: When was the Power Mac G4 discontinued?
Answer: July 2001
Question: How did the actual sales of the G4's compare to the sales expectations?
Answer: one third of expectations
Question: What desktop did Apple release after the discontinued Power Macintosh G2?
Question: Why were sales of the Power Mac G5 Cube slow?
Question: What did the Power Mac G5 have trouble overcoming after they dropped their price and upgraded their hardware?
Question: When was the Power Mac G5 discontinued?
Question: How did the actual sales of the G5's compare to the sales expectations?
Question: Historically, what is near-absent in Mac OS X compared to Microsoft Windows?
Answer: malware and spyware
Question: When did Mac OS X experience a large increase in malware attacks?
Answer: early 2011
Question: How was Mac's malware seen by many Mac users in 2011?
Answer: an increasing problem
Question: What were Apple support staff initially instructed not to assist with concerning malware?
Answer: the removal
Question: How many users were affected by the increase in malware?
Answer: 100,000
Question: Historically, what is near-absent in Mac OS XX compared to Microsoft Windows?
Question: When did Mac OS X experience a large decrease in malware attacks?
Question: How was Mac's malware seen by many Mac users in 2012?
Question: What were Microsoft support staff initially instructed not to assist with concerning malware?
Question: How many users were affected by the decrease in malware?
Question: What was the market share of OS X in North America by March 2011?
Answer: slightly over 14%
Question: Being positioned as a higher end PC, what is it misleading to compare the Mac to?
Answer: a budget PC