huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: When can normal people adjust to a 28 hr sleep cycle?
Question: What happens at 24.5 hours?
Question: What effect does jet-lag and shift-work have on the human body?
Answer: profound consequences
Question: Animals that eat during resting periods show what body increase?
Answer: body mass
Question: How does irregular eating during shift-work effect insulin?
Answer: insulin sensitivity
Question: Besides insulin sensitivity, what other effect does shift-work have on the body?
Answer: higher body mass
Question: What type of work can lead to heart, hypertension and inflammation?
Answer: Shift-work
Question: What does shift work have little effect on?
Question: What causes animals to have decreased body mass?
Question: What decreases insulin sensativity?
Question: What kind of work leads to lower body mass?
Question: What do studies show has a bidirectional relationship with the circadian system?
Answer: abusive drugs
Question: What do abusive drugs effect in the circadian system?
Answer: circadian pacemaker
Question: What do drug abusers show in their circadian processes?
Answer: disrupted rhythms
Question: What can the disrupted circadian system cause?
Answer: abuse and relapse
Question: What can disruption to genetics and environment in the sleep cycle cause?
Answer: susceptibility to addiction
Question: What studies show a minor relationship between the circadian system and drug abuse?
Question: What is displayed by individuals when not abusing drugs?
Question: What do steady rhythms increase?
Question: What may be increased by a person's normal sleep and wake cycle?
Question: What is theorized to have evolved with circadian rhythms?
Answer: photosensitive proteins
Question: What is thought that circadian rhythm evolved to protect?
Answer: replicating DNA
Question: From what did  DNA need to be protected in the earliest cells? 
Answer: ultraviolet radiation
Question: One possible reason for the development of the circadian system is the need to counteract what ?
Answer: redox reactions
Question: What environmental event occurred 2.3 million years ago?
Answer: Great Oxidation Event
Question: What type of proteins developed as a result of circadian rhythms?
Question: What developed to protect replicating DNA from ultraviolet radiation and night?
Question: What type of replication is only done during the day?
Question: What simple organism provides evidence the DNA replicates at night?
Question: What event occurred approximately 2.3 million years ago?
Question: What is the body clock gene in animals necessary to ensure?
Answer: cellular/metabolic events
Question: What do mice without the clock gene become?
Answer: hyperphagic and obese
Question: Beside obesity, how else does the lack of a circadian clock effect   the mice?
Answer: glucose metabolism
Question: How certain is it that these circadian clock  effects are the same in humans?
Answer: not clear
Question: What gene needs to be deleted to cause obesity in mice?
Answer: Rev-ErbA alpha clock
Question: What does thhe addition of the clock gene in mice demonstrate?
Question: what happens to mice with the clock gene?
Question: what facilitates nondiiet induced obesity in mice?
Question: what effects are proven to be identical in mice and humans?
Question: Deletion of what gene in himans causes diabetes?
Question: Where is the primary circadian gene located in humans?
Answer: suprachiasmatic nucleus
Question: Where are these cell groups found in humans?
Answer: hypothalamus
Question: What would the loss of the SCN cells cause in the sleep-wake rhythm?
Answer: complete absence
Question: What provides information to the SCN?
Answer: eyes
Question: What special cells in the eyes communicate directly to the SCN cells?
Answer: ganglion
Question: Where is the secondary circadian clocl located?
Question: What surrounds the hypothalamus?
Question: What do the SCN cells cause in the sleep-wake rythem?
Question: What do the SCN recieve through the skin?
Question: What does the pupil contain that are directly photosensative?
Question: What did early research show people preferred as a day length?
Answer: 25 hours
Question: What was the fault not considered in the early theories of day length?
Answer: artificial light
Question: What did electric lighting in the evening do to the test subjects circadian phase?
Answer: delayed
Question: When did more stringent testing determine that humans preferred a 24 hour day? 
Answer: 1999
Question: To what is the 24 hours, 11 minutes day outcome of research closest ?
Answer: solar day
Question: Who prefers a 25 hour day when exposed to stimuli like daylight?
Question: What did the research shield the participants from?
Question: Who was aware of the phase-delaying effect of indoor ekectric lights?
Question: When did testing determine peple preferred a 25 hour day?
Question: Who estimated the human rythem was in perfect sinc with the solar day?
Question: Where else beside the SCN cells are independent circadian rhythms also found?
Answer: organs and cells
Question: What is the term for the independent clocks?
Answer: peripheral oscillators
Question: What is the SCN considered to be in comparison to the peripheral oscillators?
Answer: master clock
Question: In what body gland are the peripheral oscillators located?
Answer: adrenal gland
Question: To what do oscillators in the skin respond?
Answer: light
Question: Where are dependent circadian rythems found?
Question: What is the term for dependent clocks?
Question: What in the skin responds to temperature?
Question: What structures are strong oscillators?
Question: Than which queen has Elizabeth ruled longer?
Answer: Queen Victoria
Question: How is Victoria related to Elizabeth?
Answer: great-great-grandmother
Question: In what year did Elizabeth pass Victoria's length of rule?
Answer: 2015
Question: In the history of what is Elizabeth the longest reigning queen?
Answer: world history
Question: What was the last year that Elizabeth did a state visit in the Republic of Ireland?
Question: When was the last year Elizabeth traveled to the Vatican to visit the Pope?
Question: Who had the shortest reign on the British throne?
Question: When was the last year the Pope traveled to England to meet Elizabeth?
Question: Who became Queen of England at the youngest age?
Question: Why did Britain not want Elizabeth to associate with conscientious objectors?
Answer: Britain was at war
Question: What did Elizabeth join in 1946?
Answer: Welsh Gorsedd of Bards
Question: Who was the always the Prince of Wales?
Answer: heir apparent
Question: Who wanted to name Elizabeth Princess of Wales?
Answer: Herbert Morrison
Question: In what year was the Welsh League of Youth established?
Question: In what year did Herbert Morrison become Home Secretary?
Question: In what year was the Welsh Gorsedd of Bards established?
Question: Who rejected the idea of Elizabeth being appointed as the Constable of Caernarfon Castle?
Question: Who rejected the idea of Elizabeth being appointed as patron of Urdd Gobaith Cymru?
Question: At what famous cathedral was Elizabeth married?
Answer: Westminster Abbey
Question: How many wedding gifts did Elizabeth and Philip receive?
Answer: 2500
Question: Who designed Elizabeth's wedding gown?
Answer: Norman Hartnell
Question: What former King was not invited to the wedding?
Answer: Duke of Windsor
Question: How many gifts did Elizabeth and Philip receive from British citizens?
Question: How many people attended Elizabeth and Philip's wedding?
Question: How many sisters did Philip have in all?
Question: In what year did King Edward VIII abdicate the throne?
Question: How many ration coupons did Elizabeth need to buy for her gown?
Question: What did Queen Elizabeth ask Margaret to do instead of marring Townsend?
Answer: wait for a year
Question: What act would the Church of England not permit?
Answer: remarriage after divorce
Question: Who did Princess Margaret marry in 1960?
Answer: Antony Armstrong-Jones
Question: What title was Armstrong-Jones given?
Answer: Earl of Snowdon
Question: What is the name of one of Peter Townsend's sons?
Question: In what year did Princess Margaret break up with Peter Townsend?
Question: How much older was Antony Armstrong-Jones than Princess Margaret?
Question: What was the Earl of Snowdon named?
Question: What was Martin Charteris' marital status in 1960?
Question: Aside from her choice of Eden's successor, what crisis caused Elizabeth to be criticized?
Answer: Suez crisis
Question: What did Lord Altrincham accuse Elizabeth of being?
Answer: out of touch
Question: When did Macmillan resign?
Answer: 1963
Question: Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister after the resignation of Macmillan?
Answer: Earl of Home
Question: When was a formal mechanism for electing the Minister adopted?
Answer: 1965
Question: In what year did Lord Altrincham begin to own a newspaper?
Question: Who was one of the prominent people who criticized Elizabeth for appointing the Earl of Home as prime minister?
Question: In what year did Lord Altrincham die?
Question: How many ministers did Elizabeth consult before naming Eden as the prime minister?
Question: In what year did the Earl of Home receive his title?
Question: During the Australian constitutional crisis, what Prime Minister was dismissed?
Answer: Gough Whitlam
Question: Who dismissed Whilam from the post of Australian Prime Minister?
Answer: Governor-General Sir John Kerr
Question: What did Whitlam have in the House of Representatives?
Answer: a majority
Question: Who appealed to Elizabeth to reverse the dismissal of Whitlam?
Answer: Speaker Gordon Scholes
Question: What did Elizabeth decline to do in response to the appeal by Scholes?
Answer: interfere
Question: In what year did Gough Whitlam become prime minister of Australia?
Question: In what year did Sir John Kerr become governor-general of Australia?
Question: In what year did Gordon Scholes become Speaker of the House of Representatives in Australia?
Question: Who wanted Queen Elizabeth to approve of Sir John Kerr's decision to dismiss Gough Whitlam?
Question: What politician criticized the proposed changes?
Answer: Pierre Trudeau
Question: In 1987 what elected government was removed in a coup?
Answer: Fijian government
Question: What did coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka declare Fiji to be?
Answer: republic
Question: In 1991 what money issue of the Queen was a feature of public criticism?
Answer: private wealth
Question: What government was Pierre Trudeau prime minister of in 1987?
Question: In what year did Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau become Governor-General of Fiji?
Question: In what year did It's a Royal Knockout air?
Question: Who was one of the younger royals who appeared on It's a Royal Knockout?
Question: Who in the press made estimates about the Queen's private wealth?
Question: When did Elizabeth's mother die in 2002?
Answer: March
Question: What relative of Elizabeth died in February of 2002?
Answer: Her sister
Question: How many people in London attended each day of the the three day event? 
Answer: million
Question: What group was surprised by the public's approval of the Queen?
Answer: journalists
Question: In what year was the King's House in Jamaica built?
Question: What was Elizabeth's mother's name?
Question: Where did Elizabeth realms tour end in 2002?
Question: In what month did Elizabeth's tour of her realms end in 2002?
Question: How many people saw Elizabeth when she was in Jamaica?
Question: When did Queen Elizabeth open the Summer Olympics in London?
Answer: 2012
Question: For what event did Elizabeth appear in a film as part of the opening ceremonies?
Answer: London Olympics
Question: What actor also appeared with Elizabeth in the film?
Answer: Daniel Craig
Question: For what activity related to the film industry did Elizabeth receive a BAFTA award?
Answer: patronage
Question: Who directed the short film Elizabeth appeared in for the 2012 Summer Olympics?
Question: On what date did the Summer Olympics start in 2012?
Question: Who was the seventh actor to portray James Bond?
Question: In what year did the BAFTA awards start?
Question: What was Elizabeth's wealth extimated to be in 1971?
Answer: £2 million
Question: What did the palace call estimates of Elizabeth wealth in 1993?
Answer: "grossly overstated"
Question: What did the Sunday Times estimate Elizabeth's fortune to be in 2015?
Answer: £340 million
Question: Where does Elizabeth's wealth place her in the list of the richest in the UK?
Answer: 302nd
Question: In what year did Jock Colville become Elizabeth's private secretary?
Question: How much was Elizabeth worth in 1993 according to Buckingham Palace?
Question: Who is the wealthiest person in the UK as of 2015?
Question: In what year did Jock Colville leave Elizabeth's service?
Question: In what year did Jock Colville become the director of the Coutts bank?
Question: When was Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee?
Answer: 2012
Question: How old was Elizabeth's father at the time of his death?
Answer: 56
Question: How did Prince Philip's uncle, Lord Mounbatten, die?
Answer: assassination
Question: In what year did Elizabeth's  son's ex-wife die?
Answer: 1997
Question: In what year was Lord Mountbatten assassinated?
Question: How old was Elizabeth when her mother died?
Question: How did Elizabeth's father die?
Question: In what year did Diana, Princess of Wales, marry Elizabeth's son?
Question: How old was Lord Mountbatten when he was assassinated?
Question: When was the coronation of Elizabeth as Queen?
Answer: 2 June 1953
Question: How was much of the ceremony of Elizabeth's coronation presented to the public?
Answer: televised
Question: What Commonwealth symbols were embroidered on Elizabeth's gown?
Answer: floral emblems
Question: What is the emblem of England?
Answer: Tudor rose
Question: What people have a thistle for their Commonwealth emblem?
Answer: Scots
Question: When was the first ceremony at Westminster Abbey to be broadcast on the radio?
Question: What floral emblem was highest on Elizabeth's coronation dress?
Question: What floral emblem was lowest on Elizabeth's coronation dress?
Question: What floral emblem was most prominent on Elizabeth's coronation dress?
Question: What floral emblem was on the back of Elizabeth's coronation dress?
Question: What parliamentary session did Elizabeth open in 1957 while on tour? 
Answer: 23rd Canadian Parliament
Question: On a tour to Ghana in 1961 what did Elizabeth dismiss as a fear?
Answer: her safety
Question: In 1964 what was reported that Quebec extremists planned ?
Answer: Elizabeth's assassination
Question: In 1961 what was the first country Elizabeth made a state visit to?
Question: In 1961 what was the last country Elizabeth made a state visit to?
Question: In what year did President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana replace Elizabeth as the head of state?
Question: In what Canadian city is the Canadian Parliament?
Question: In what year did Harold Macmillan die?
Question: When did Princess Margaret separate from her husband?
Answer: 1977
Question: In what year did Nicolae Ceausescu visit the UK?
Answer: 1978
Question: Who, in 1979, was discovered to be a communist spy?
Answer: Anthony Blunt
Question: What group assassinated Lord Mountbatten?
Answer: Provisional Irish Republican Army
Question: In what year did Princess Margaret divorce her husband?
Question: In what year did Nicolae Ceausescu become the communist dictator of Romania?
Question: In what year did Anthony Blunt cease to be the Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures?
Question: In what year did Nicolae Ceausescu die?
Question: In what year did Anthony Blunt die?
Question: As what was Elizabeth portrayed in the 1950s?
Answer: "fairytale Queen"
Question: What was the time after WWII heralded as?
Answer: "new Elizabethan age"
Question: Of what did Lord Altrincham say Elizabeth's speeches resembled?
Answer: "priggish schoolgirl"
Question: What investiture featuring Prince Charles was televised in the late 1960s?
Answer: Prince of Wales
Question: In the 1960s, what did Elizabeth begin wearing to events ?
Answer: solid-colour overcoats
Question: In what year did Lord Altrincham receive his lordship?
Question: What does Prince Charles tend to wear out in public?
Question: Who directed the television documentary Royal Family in the late 1960s?
Question: who first called it a "new Elizabethan age"?
Question: What has Prince Charles been accused of by one of his critics?
Question: What residences of Elizabeth are held in trust and not owned by Elizabeth?
Answer: official residences
Question: What Scottish estate is privately owned by Elizabeth?
Answer: Balmoral Castle
Question: How much is the worth of the British Crown Estate?
Answer: £9.4 billion
Question: How is the British Crown Estate held by Elizabeth?
Answer: in trust
Question: How much is Buckingham Palace said to be worth as of 2014?
Question: Where are the Crown Jewels on display?
Question: Where does Elizabeth spend most of her time nowadays?
Question: How much was Elizabeth worth as of 2014?
Question: As of 2014 how much is Windsor Castle worth?
Question: When was Princess Margaret born?
Answer: 1930
Question: Where were the royal princesses educated?
Answer: at home
Question: Who was Marion Crawford to the princesses?
Answer: governess
Question: What was the title of the book written by Crawford about the princesses?
Answer: The Little Princesses
Question: What was Elizabeth and Princess Margaret's mothers name?
Question: What did Princess Margaret love as a child?
Question: What attitude of Princess Margaret did Marion Crawford wrote she had?
Question: In what year did Marion Crawford die?
Question: In what year was Margaret Rhodes born?
Question: At what age was Elizabeth when she went on her first solo public appearance?
Answer: 16
Question: Where did Elizabeth visit on her first solo public appearance?
Answer: Grenadier Guards
Question: In case of her father's absence, in what capacity could Elizabeth act? 
Answer: Counsellors of State
Question: When did Elizabeth join the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service?
Answer: February 1945
Question: In what capacity did Elizabeth serve in the Auxiliary?
Answer: driver and mechanic
Question: In what year was the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service started?
Question: In what year was the Grenadier Guards started?
Question: How old was Elizabeth in July 1944?
Question: How old was Elizabeth in February 1945?
Question: To whom did Philip's sisters marry?
Answer: German noblemen
Question: What did Elizabeth's mother call Philip?
Answer: "The Hun"
Question: What did Elizabeth's mother later say that Philip was?
Answer: "an English gentleman"
Question: What did Crawford report that some of the King's advisers thought of Philip?
Answer: good enough
Question: What was Marion Crawford a member of?
Question: What nationality was Philip?
Question: Who was one of Philip's sisters?
Question: What was the King's name?
Question: What was the state of George VI's health during 1951?
Answer: health declined
Question: On what date did Elizabeth's father, King George VI, die?
Answer: 6 February 1952
Question: In what country was Elizabeth when George VI died?
Answer: Kenya
Question: In what month in 1951 did George VI's health start to decline?
Question: In what year did Martin Charteris become Elizabeth's private secretary?
Question: On what date did the royal part arrive back in the UK?
Question: Did Elizabeth tour Australia or New Zealand first?
Question: In what month in 1952 did Elizabeth and Philip set out for their tour of Australia and New Zealand?
Question: When did the prime ministers of Britain and France discuss the idea of France joining the Commonwealth?
Answer: 1956
Question: What did France sign instead of joining the Commonwealth?
Answer: Treaty of Rome
Question: What did the Treaty of Rome establish?
Answer: European Economic Community
Question: To what was the European Economic Community the precurser?
Answer: European Union
Question: When did Britain and France invade Egypt?
Answer: November 1956
Question: In what year did Sir Anthony Eden become the British prime minister?
Question: In what year did Guy Mollet become the French prime minister?
Question: In what year was the Suez Canal dig completed?
Question: What was the first country Britain invaded during Queen Elizabeth's rule?
Question: In what year did Queen Elizabeth get crowned?
Question: When did the decolonization of Africa and the Caribbean accelerate?
Answer: 1960s and 1970s
Question: How many countries got independence from Britain during decolonization?
Answer: Over 20 countries
Question: When did Britain join the European Community?
Answer: 1973
Question: What did the Rhodesian president declare in 1965?
Answer: independence from Britain
Question: In spite of sanctions by the international community, how long did the Ian Smith's regime last?
Answer: over a decade
Question: What was the first African country to gain independence from Britain?
Question: In what year did Ian Smith become the Prime Minister of Rhodesia?
Question: In what year was the European Community established?
Question: In what year did Rhodesia cease to exist?
Question: What was the last of 20 countries to gain independence from Britain?
Question: During what ceremony were shots fired at the Queen?
Answer: Trooping the Colour
Question: Who was the assailant who shot at Queen Elizabeth? 
Answer: Marcus Sarjeant
Question: Which of Elizabeth's sons served in the Falklands War?
Answer: Prince Andrew
Question: Who was the intruder Elizabeth awoke to find in her bedroom?
Answer: Michael Fagan
Question: What island's invasion angered Elizabeth?
Answer: Grenada
Question: In what year did Ronald Reagan order the invasion of Grenada?
Question: In what month in 1982 did Ronald Reagan visit Windsor Castle?
Question: In what month in 1983 did Elizabeth visit Reagan's California ranch?
Question: What was Elizabeth's horses name in 1983?
Question: How many years did Michael Fagan serve for breaking into Buckingham Palace?
Question: What state of affairs produced revelations and problems for Elizabeth?
Answer: Charles and Diana's marriage
Question: In spite of criticisms what kind of approval ratings did Elizabeth have?
Answer: high
Question: What institution was being criticized during the time of Charles and Diana's breakup?
Answer: monarchy
Question: When did Elizabeth write to tell Charles and Diana to get a divorce?
Answer: December 1995
Question: What was the majority viewpoint politically in the 1990s in Britain?
Question: In what year did Charles and Diana finally get divorced?
Question: What type of approval ratings did Prime Minister John Major have?
Question: In what year did Robert Fellowes become Elizabeth's private secretary?
Question: In what year did George Carey become the Archbishop of Canterbury?
Question: Who was UN Secretary General when Elizabeth addressed the UN?
Answer: Ban Ki-moon
Question: As what did Ban Ki-Moon introduce Elizabeth to the UN?
Answer: "an anchor for our age"
Question: For whom was the garden Elizabeth opened a memorial?
Answer: British victims
Question: When was Elizabeth's farewell visit to Australia?
Answer: October 2011
Question: In what year did the Queen first address the United Nations?
Question: In what year did Ban Ki-moon become the UN Secretary General?
Question: In what year did Elizabeth become Queen?
Question: How many British people died in the 9-11 attack?
Question: How many times has the Queen toured Canada?
Question: Until she became queen, what flower was on Elizabeth's coat of arms?
Answer: Tudor rose
Question: When did Elizabeth acquire her father's arms?
Answer: Upon her accession
Question: Besides personal flags,what other types of flags does Elizabeth have?
Answer: royal standards
Question: What type of flags are used in foreign countries?
Answer: personal
Question: When did Elizabeth start to bear a coat of royal arms?
Answer: 21 April 1944
Question: How many points does Elizabeth's arms bear on her argent after her accession?
Question: What has been the centre point of Elizabeth's arms since she ascended to the throne?
Question: On what date was Elizabeth ascended to the throne?
Question: What are on each side of the three points argent of Elizabeth's current arms since she ascended to the throne?
Question: What shape is Elizabeth's royal coat of arms since her accession?
Question: At the time of her birth, what was the rank of Elizabeth's parents?
Answer: Duke and Duchess of York
Question: What were Elizabeth's parents' titles after ascending to the throne?
Answer: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
Question: How many children did Elizabeth's parents have?
Answer: two daughters
Question: What event caused Elizabeth's father to become King?
Answer: abdication of his brother
Question: In what year was Edward VIII crowned?
Question: What is Elizabeth's sisters name?
Question: Who is Elizabeth's oldest child?
Question: Who is Elizabeth's youngest child?
Question: In what year was Edward born?
Question: Before Elizabeth's father who was next in line for the throne?
Answer: Edward, Prince of Wales
Question: When did Elizabeth's grandfather die?
Answer: 1936
Question: What event caused Edward to abdicate the throne?
Answer: proposed marriage
Question: What did Edward's proposed marriage to Simpson cause?
Answer: constitutional crisis
Question: In what year did Wallis Simpson divorce?
Question: What was Elizabeth's father's name?
Question: In what year was Elizabeth born?
Question: What name was it assumed Elizabeth would take upon her marriage to Philip?
Answer: Mountbatten,
Question: What Prime Minister objected to the name change?
Answer: Winston Churchill
Question: What name did Elizabeth keep as her married name?
Answer: House of Windsor
Question: What name was adopted for Elizabeth's male-line descendants who do not have royal titles? 
Answer: Mountbatten-Windsor
Question: When did Elizabeth decree the use of Mountbatten-Windsor as the  surname? 
Answer: 1960
Question: In what year did Winston Churchill die?
Question: How many male-line descendants do Elizabeth and Philip have with no royal title?
Question: What was the Duke's first name?
Question: What was the name of Elizabeth and Philip's last child?
Question: Who did Eden recommend that Elizabeth consult about appointing a new  Prime Minister?
Answer: Lord Salisbury
Question: What position did Lord Salisbury have in the government?
Answer: Lord President of the Council
Question: Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister?
Answer: Harold Macmillan
Question: What position did Lord Kilmuir have ?
Answer: Lord Chancellor
Question: Who in turn did Salisbury and Kilmuir consult?
Answer: British Cabinet
Question: In what year was Harold Macmillan born?
Question: In what year was Lord Salisbury born?
Question: In what year did Lord Salisbury become the Lord President of the Council?
Question: What occupation was Harold Macmillan at the time?
Question: In what year was Lord Kilmuir born?
Question: When did Edward Heath ask Elizabeth to call a general election?
Answer: February 1974
Question: Where was Elizabeth when Heath advised that sh call for an election?
Answer: Austronesian Pacific Rim
Question: What did Elizabeth do after Heath adviser her?
Answer: fly back to Britain
Question: What did Heath do after his party could not form a coalition with the Labor party?
Answer: resigned
Question: Who did Elizabeth ask to form a government?
Answer: Harold Wilson
Question: In what year did Edward Heath become the British prime minister?
Question: In what month in 1974 did Edward Heath resign as prime minister?
Question: In what month in 1974 did Harold Wilson become prime minister?
Question: When did Elizabeth begin her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim?
Question: Who did  Labour's Prime Minister Harold Wilson form a government with?
Question: What did high public interest in the  private lives of the royal family cause in the press?
Answer: sensational stories
Question: Who was editor of The Sun in the 1980s?
Answer: Kelvin MacKenzie
Question: What did the editor of The Observer call the sensational stories about the royals?
Answer: royal soap opera
Question: Who, it was rumored,  did Margaret Thatcher say the Queen would vote for?
Answer: Thatcher's political opponents
Question: Who said the Elizabeth was a behind the scenes force in ending apartheid?
Answer: Brian Mulroney
Question: In what year did Kelvin MacKenzie become editor of The Sun?
Question: In what year did Donald Trelford begin to edit The Observer?
Question: What party did Margaret Thatcher lead?
Question: In what year did Elizabeth give Margaret Thatcher the Order of the Garter?
Question: Besides Margaret Thatcher who is someone else has given the Order of Merit?
Question: When did Diana die?
Answer: 1997
Question: How long did Elizabeth and the royal family remain in seclusion at Balmoral?
Answer: five days
Question: What failure did the public find dismaying?
Answer: fly a flag at half-mast
Question: What did Elizabeth do to diffuse hostile public sentiment?
Answer: live television broadcast
Question: In what city is Balmoral?
Question: In what month in 1997 did Diana die in a car crash?
Question: Where was Charles in the days after Diana died?
Question: From what building did the Queen do her television broadcast about Diana's death?
Question: What celebration marks 60 years for Elizabeth as Queen?
Answer: Diamond Jubilee
Question: What year marks Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee?
Answer: 2012
Question: Where did Elizabeth tour as a celebration of her jubilee?
Answer: United Kingdom
Question: When was the last time that a sovereign attended a peacetime cabinet meeting? 
Answer: 1781
Question: In what year did George III begin his reign on the throne?
Question: In what year did George III die?
Question: For how long was George III king?
Question: How many Cabinet meetings did George III attend?
Question: What was King George III's Accession Day?
Question: How often does Elizabeth give interviews?
Answer: rarely
Question: What type of political religious beliefs does Elizabeth seemed to support?
Answer: inter-faith relations
Question: What is Elizabeth's ranking in the Church of England?
Answer: Supreme Governor
Question: Apart from her membership in the Church of England, to what other church does she belong?
Answer: Church of Scotland
Question: What has she talked about with Pope John Paul II?
Question: In what year did Elizabeth meet with Pope John Paul II?
Question: When was the last time Elizabeth gave an interview?
Question: Beyond Christianity what leaders of other religions has Elizabeth met with?
Question: What was Elizabeth's fathers title at the time of her birth?
Answer: Prince Albert, Duke of York
Question: What title and name did Elizabeth's father take upon becoming king?
Answer: King George VI
Question: Which Bishop of York baptized Elizabeth? 
Answer: Cosmo Gordon Lang
Question: What was Elizabeth's nickname when she was young?
Answer: Lilibet
Question: In what year did Elizabeth's paternal grandmother Mary die?
Question: In what year did King George V die?
Question: Who was King George V's oldest son?
Question: In what year was Elizabeth, Duchess of York, crowned as the Queen of England?
Question: Who was Elizabeth's paternal grandfather?
Question: Who recommended that the two princesses be evacuated to Canada?
Answer: Lord Hailsham
Question: Who rejected the idea of sending the princesses away?
Answer: Elizabeth's mother
Question: Where did the two princesses live for most of the war?
Answer: Windsor Castle
Question: When did Elizabeth make her first radio broadcast?
Answer: 1940
Question: In what year was the Queen's Wool Fund established?
Question: In what year did the BBC start Children's Hour?
Question: How old was Elizabeth's sister in 1940?
Question: In what year did Lord Hailsham become a senior politician?
Question: In what month of 1945 did the Second World War end?
Question: Where did the newly married Elizabeth and Philip stay until 1949?
Answer: Windlesham Moor
Question: After 1949 where did Elizabeth live in London?
Answer: Clarence House
Question: In which armed force was the Duke of Edinburgh?
Answer: Royal Navy
Question: Where was Philip stationed during WWII?
Answer: British Crown Colony of Malta
Question: In whose home did Elizabeth and Philip stay in Malta?
Answer: Lord Mountbatten
Question: In what year did Elizabeth live in Villa Guardamangia?
Question: In what year did Lord Mountbatten start to rent Villa Guardamangia?
Question: In what year did the Duke of Edinburgh become a Royal Navy officer?
Question: In what year was Villa Guardamangia built?
Question: In what year did Elizabeth marry the Duke of Edinburgh?
Question: What entity did the British Empire slowly become during Elizabeth's reign?
Answer: Commonwealth of Nations
Question: In what year did Elizabeth become Queen?
Answer: 1952
Question: What tour did Elizabeth take in 1953?
Answer: round-the-world tour
Question: How many nations did Elizabeth visit on tour in 1953?
Answer: 13 countries
Question: How many miles did Elizabeth cover on her world tour?
Answer: 40,000 miles
Question: In what year did the British Empire become the Commonwealth of Nations?
Question: In 1953 what was the first country visited by Elizabeth and Philip?
Question: In 1953 what was the last country visited by Elizabeth and Philip?
Question: How many miles has Elizabeth traveled by land during her reign?
Question: How many miles has Elizabeth traveled by sea during her reign?
Question: About whom was Elizabeth worried in the 1970s?
Answer: Pierre Trudeau
Question: What was the subject under consideration in discussions in 1980?
Answer: Canadian constitution
Question: What did patriation of the Canadian Constitution remove from the constitution?
Answer: British parliament
Question: What was retained in the constitution?
Answer: monarchy
Question: What did Trudeau say Elizabeth favored?
Answer: reform
Question: In what year did Pierre Trudeau become the Canadian prime minister?
Question: Who was one of the Canadians politicians sent to London in 1980?
Question: In what year did Bill C-60 fail?
Question: In what year did Pierre Trudeau cease to be Canada's prime minister?
Question: Who was the prime minister of Britain in 1980?
Question: What did Elizabeth's speech on 24 November, 1992 mark?
Answer: her accession
Question: What did Elizabeth call her past year?
Answer: annus horribilis
Question: When did Price Andrew separate from his wife?
Answer: March
Question: Who did Princess Anne divorce in April?
Answer: Captain Mark Phillips
Question: What great house caught fire in November?
Answer: Windsor Castle
Question: In what year did Prince Andrew and Sarah get divorced?
Question: In what year did Princess Anne marry Captain Mark Phillips?
Question: In what year did Prince Charles and Diana divorce?
Question: How much in legal fees did the The Sun have to pay to the Queen?
Question: How much did the Windsor Castle fire cost to repair?
Question: What issue of Blair's did Elizabeth admire?
Answer: peace in Northern Ireland
Question: When did Elizabeth attend a service at Armagm, in Ireland?
Answer: 20 March 2008
Question: What service did Elizabeth attend in Armagm?
Answer: Maundy
Question: When did Elizabeth make the first visit to Ireland by a British monarch?
Answer: May 2011.
Question: In what year did Tony Blair become the British prime minister?
Question: In what year did Mary McAleese become the Irish President?
Question: Who was Ireland's first female president?
Question: When was peace achieved in Northern Ireland?
Question: Who was Ireland's president in 2007?
Question: What relation was Victoria to Elizabeth?
Answer: great-great-grandmother
Question: When did Elizabeth become the longest reigning monarch?
Answer: 9 September 2015
Question: In age of monarchs, what is the rank of Elizabeth's reign?
Answer: world's oldest
Question: What head of stat has served longer than Elizabeth?
Answer: King Bhumibol Adulyadej
Question: What increased in the 1980s?
Answer: public criticism
Question: What was the main subject of public criticism in the 80's?
Answer: royal family
Question: What attribute of Elizabeth fell to  low in the 1990s?
Answer: popularity
Question: What did Elizabeth start paying in the 1990 s?
Answer: income tax
Question: What decade between now and the 1970s has been the high point for Elizabeth's popularity?
Question: When was Elizabeth's Golden Jubilee?
Question: In what year did Diana become the Princess of Wales?
Question: What happened after Elizabeth started to pay income taxes?
Question: What are the Channel Islands and the Isle of Mann?
Answer: Crown dependencies
Question: What si Elizabeth's title in the Channel Islands?
Answer: Duke of Normandy
Question: What is Elizabeth's title on the Isle of Mann?
Answer: Lord of Mann
Question: Once in conversation with the Queen, how is Elizabeth addressed?
Answer: Ma'am
Question: What is one of Elizabeth's realms and territories besides Jamaica and Australia?
Question: Besides the Channel Islands and Isle of Man which territory is a Crown Dependency?
Question: When is Elizabeth referred to as the Defender of the Faith?
Question: When does a person call Elizabeth the Duke of Lancaster?
Question: What is the favored influence as to the cause of sexual orientation?
Answer: biologically-based
Question: IS there evidence that parenting and/or childhood play a role in determining sexual orientation?
Answer: no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role
Question: What is the observed continuum for sexual orientation?
Answer: exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.
Question: Do scientists know the cause of sexual orientation?
Answer: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation
Question: What three factors do scientists believe are the cause of sexual orientation?
Answer: genetic, hormonal, and environmental
Question: Do scientists believe that parenting and/or childhood play a role in sexual orientation?
Answer: There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation
Question: What are the two extremes of the continuum of sexual orientation?
Answer: exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.
Question: Has science research figured out the cause of sexual orientation preferences?
Answer: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation
Question: What type of theories are favored by scientists studying sexual orientation?
Answer: biologically-based theories
Question: Do scientist's know what can cause somebodys sexual orientation?
Answer: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation
Question: What can scientifically be considered the main factors in somebodys sexual orientation?
Answer: they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences.
Question: What cannot be considered a factor in sexual orientation due to the lack of evidence?
Answer: There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation.
Question: What has the research that has been done already show about sexual orientation show?
Answer: has demonstrated that sexual orientation ranges along a continuum, from exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.
Question: Which ideas do scientist lean towards causing sexual orientation?
Answer: They favor biologically-based theories, which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social factors
Question: What is sexual behavior defined as?
Answer: actual sexual acts performed by the individual
Question: What is sexual orientation defined as?
Answer: fantasies, attachments and longings
Question: What does the term closeted mean?
Answer: People who have a homosexual sexual orientation that does not align with their sexual identity
Question: What are the terms related to the degree to which a person's sexual attractions, behavior and identity match?
Answer: concordance or discordance
Question: What are the differences in sexual identity and sexual behaviour? 
Answer: sexual identity referring to an individual's conception of themselves, behavior referring to actual sexual acts performed by the individual
Question: Does a person have to show their sexual oreintation in their personal acts?
Answer: Individuals may or may not express their sexual orientation in their behaviors.
Question: What is a term that can be used for someone who does not show their homosexuality openly? 
Answer: closeted
Question: What word is used when somebodys sexual orientation, behaviors, and idenity do not match?
Answer: discordance
Question: Which word is used when somebodys sexual orientation, behaviors, and idenity match?
Answer: concordance
Question: What is one reason that a homosexual would engage in heterosexual behavior?
Answer: religious ostracism
Question: What is a possible scenario that can occur when a closeted homosexual is in a heterosexual relationship?
Answer: hide their respective orientations from their spouses
Question: What are some things that can cause a homosexual person to be with the opposite sex?
Answer: desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious ostracism
Question: Can a homosexual person still grow their sexual identiries while with the opposit sex? 
Answer: others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual marriages
Question: What kind of hardships can a homosexual face when admitting their ssexuality while in a heterosexual marriage?
Answer: Coming out of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children
Question: Can a homosexual person hide their true idenitys?
Answer: some LGBT people hide their respective orientations from their spouses
Question: How does the mental health profession approach efforts to change sexual orientation?
Answer: have adopted policy statements
Question: What do these policy statements suggest? 
Answer: cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation
Question: What are some of the organizations that have released policy statements?
Answer: National Association of Social Workers in the USA, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the Australian Psychological Society.
Question: Are their any mental health proffesionals that have programs to change sexual orientation?
Answer: No major mental health professional organization has sanctioned efforts to change sexual orientation
Question: What policy statement has almost all proffesionals applied to their practices?
Answer: cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation.
Question: What are some professional associations that do not offer changing sexual orientation programs?
Answer: the American Psychiatric Association, American Psychological Association, American Counseling Association,
Question: Who was the sexologist that published a scheme in 1896?
Answer: Magnus Hirschfeld
Question: What did the published scheme attempt to do?
Answer: measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire
Question: How did the scheme measure desire?
Answer: on two independent 10-point scales
Question: What were the two scales defined as?
Answer: A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual)
Question: How many points were on each scale?
Answer: 10-point
Question: When did the questioning of human sexual responses begin?
Answer: From at least the late nineteenth century
Question: Who created the ten point scale on a persons sexuals desire?
Answer: Magnus Hirschfeld
Question: What year did Magnus Hirschfeld create the ten point scale on a persons sexual desire. 
Answer: 1896
Question: On Magnus's ten point scale what would a homosexual person be considered?
Answer: a homosexual individual may be A5, B0
Question: On the ten point scale what would an asexual person be considered as?
Answer: an asexual would be A0, B0
Question: What was a concern of the Kinsey scale?
Answer: it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality
Question: How are masculinity and femininity more appropriately measured?
Answer: as independent concepts on a separate scale
Question: What happens if the concepts are measured on the same scale?
Answer: they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa
Question: What is the advantage of measuring these elements separately?
Answer: the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual
Question: What is considered to be a problem with the Kinsey scale?
Answer: inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale
Question: What did the research performed in the 1970s show about masculinity and feminity?
Answer: more appropriately measured as independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum
Question: What would be possible if homesexuality and heterosexuality where measured on different scales?
Answer: would allow one to be both very heterosexual and very homosexual or not very much of either.
Question: What is another benefit of measuring sexuality on two scaless verses just the Kinsey scale?
Answer: the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined,
Question: What is the understanding of the scales used?
Answer: to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation
Question: Why might the scales fail?
Answer: due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation
Question: How many components are used in assessment?
Answer: three components
Question: What does the research on sexual orientation use to determine who belongs in which sexual populaiton group?
Answer: scales of assessment
Question: What is the general idea regading these scales that are used?
Answer: assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation.
Question: What can cause problems with these scales that are used?
Answer: ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation
Question: How many components are used in an assessment?
Answer: there are three components of sexual orientation
Question: What myth did Bruce Voeller perpetuate in the 70's?
Answer: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population
Question: What were the calculations of this myth?
Answer: averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women
Question: What message did Voeller deliver using this myth?
Answer: we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere
Question: What comes along with defining how much of the population is homosexual?
Answer: influences how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies
Question: What does knowing the sexual population influence?
Answer: how this population may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies
Question: Who was the cahir of the national gay and lesbian task force in the 1970s?
Answer: Bruce Voeller
Question: What myth did Bruce Voeller preserve in the 1970s?
Answer: that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women
Question: What did Bruce Voeller do with his findings?
Answer: used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we [gays and lesbians] are everywhere".
Question: Do men and women's patterns of arousal differ?
Answer: men and women have different patterns of arousal
Question: Are the patterns related to orientation?
Answer: independent of their sexual orientations
Question: What types of stimuli were found to arouse women?
Answer: both human and nonhuman stimuli
Question: What stimuli did men show no arousal towards?
Answer: to non-human visual stimuli
Question: Men's arousal patterns were found to be with?
Answer: their specific sexual interest
Question: What did a study on men and womens sexual arousal show?
Answer: confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations
Question: Did women in the studys become aroused to heterosexual stimulation?
Answer: become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexual and homosexual
Question: Did men have any arousal from non human videos containing sex?
Answer: x. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli,
Question: Did mens arousal relate to the sexual interests?
Answer: , their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men).