huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What year was the first open competition for brass bands held?
Answer: 1853
Question: Where was David Atherton born?
Answer: Blackpool
Question: What did David Atherton co-found?
Answer: the London Sinfonietta
Question: Who began their musical career as organist of Salford Cathedral?
Answer: Leslie Stuart
Question: How many local church choirs were there in Lancashire in the 17th century?
Question: Where was Sir Thomas Beecham born?
Question: Who founded the London Sinfonietta with David Atherton?
Question: Where is the Salford Cathedral?
Question: In what city did Handel primarily perform?
Question: By the 1830's, how much of all cotton was processed in Lancashire?
Answer: 85%
Question: Where was a center for tourist for the people of Lancashire's mill towns?
Answer: Blackpool
Question: What week was most popular to visit Lancashire's mill towns?
Answer: wakes week
Question: When did Lancashire emerge as a major commercialand industrial region?
Answer: during the Industrial Revolution
Question: In what decade was Liverpool founded?
Question: When did the Industrial Revolution start?
Question: What percentage of all global trade went through Liverpool in the 1830's?
Question: What percentage of the cotton was milled in Oldham?
Question: What was the centre of tourism for those living in Bolton?
Question: How many miles of land did Lancashire lose to other countries?
Answer: 709
Question: What is to the north of Lancashire today?
Answer: Cumbria
Question: What is to the east of Lancashire today?
Answer: West Yorkshire
Question: Who exercises sovereignty rights for Lancashire?
Answer: Duke of Lancaster
Question: How much land did Lancashire gain from West Riding of Yorkshire?
Question: How large is the metropolitan county of Merseyside?
Question: What county borders Cumbria to the east?
Question: When did the current Duke of Lancaster start his reign?
Question: How big was the West Riding of Yorkshire prior to 1974?
Question: What is the area served by the Lord-Lieutenant called now?
Answer: ceremonial county
Question: Where is the ancient border between Lancashire and Yorkshire located?
Answer: the western part of Todmorden
Question: Why is Lancashire smaller than its historical extent?
Answer: reform of local government
Question: What area is covered by the Lord-Lieutenant?
Answer: the administrative county and the county boroughs
Question: When was the city of Liverpool established?
Question: What county lies north of Lancashire?
Question: What's the main river in Todmorden?
Question: What county lies north of the River Mersey?
Question: In what year was Cheshire made a county?
Question: Which part in particular became urbanised in the 20th century?
Answer: the southern part
Question: When was Warrington added to Lancashire?
Answer: 1900
Question: When was Southport added?
Answer: 1905
Question: When was Blackpool added to the county?
Answer: 1904
Question: When was the county borough of Liverpool created?
Question: What was the county borough of St Helens created?
Question: What a county bureau that lies in the southern part of Lancashire?
Question: Where does Bootle lie in Lancashire?
Question: In what year was Oldham made part of Lancashire?
Question: What is most of the lowland in the county devoted to?
Answer: dairy farming and cheesemaking
Question: What is the higer ground in the county devoted to?
Answer: sheep
Question: What is in the highest ground?
Answer: uncultivated moorland
Question: Where is the Lancashire Coalfield located?
Answer: modern-day Greater Manchester
Question: where is Beacon Fell County Park located?
Answer: North of the Ribble
Question: What does AONB stand for?
Question: What are the valleys of the River Ribble used for?
Question: What is the area around Ormskirk used for?
Question: What's to the west of the county?
Question: What is cultivated in the Forest of Rossendale?
Question: What does the Duchy administer within the County Palatine?
Answer: bona vacantia
Question: What serves as the county town of the county palatine?
Answer: Lancaster
Question: When did the title of Duke of Lancaster merge into the Crown?
Answer: many centuries ago
Question: Who is the Duchy administered by?
Answer: the Queen
Question: In what year did the title of Duke of Lancaster get merged into the Crown?
Question: When was the Loyal Toast first used?
Question: What's the term for when legal ownership can be ascertained?
Question: Where does the Queen primarily live?
Question: How long has there been a Queen in the UK?
Question: Which direction does the M6 motorway run?
Answer: north to south
Question: What road connects Preston to Blackpool?
Answer: The M55
Question: Which road crosses the part of the county furthest south?
Answer: M58
Question: How many miles is it from Lancaster to Preston?
Question: How far is it in miles from Blackburn to Preston?
Question: In what geographic region of Lancashire does Blackpool lay?
Question: How far is Chorley away from the nearest county boundary?
Question: What is the length of the M6 motorway?
Question: Where are the major settlements in the ceremonial county located?
Answer: Fylde coast
Question: Where is the Fylde coast?
Answer: Blackpool Urban Area
Question: Which part of the county is rural and sparsely populated?
Answer: north
Question: How many people live in Lancaster and Morecambe?
Answer: 100,000
Question: What percentage of Lancashire is Asian?
Answer: 6%
Question: In what year was the Blackpool Urban Area established?
Question: How many people lived in Preston as of 1970?
Question: What percentage of the population lives in north Lancashire?
Question: What cities are north of Preston?
Question: In what year did Asians start emigrating to Lancashire?
Question: How many bands were active in the Liverpool area in the 1960s?
Answer: 350
Question: What was the first act to break through in the UK, not from Liverpool or managed by Brian Epstein?
Answer: Freddie and the Dreamers
Question: Where were Freddie and the Dreamers based?
Answer: Manchester
Question: Where were Herman's Hermints and the Hollies from?
Answer: Manchester
Question: When was Billy Furry born?
Question: In what year did Freddie and the Dreamers get their first hit?
Question: How many active bands did Manchester have in the 1960's?
Question: How many local bands were still in Liverpool in the late 1960s?
Question: What was the name of one of the band members in the Beatles?
Question: Who was "The Ballad of Chevy Chase" composed by?
Answer: Richard Sheale
Question: Where was Richard Sheale from?
Answer: Lancashire
Question: What is Lancashire's long and productive tradition?
Answer: music making
Question: What did the county share with it's national traditions?
Answer: balladry
Question: What is the finest border ballad?
Answer: The Ballad of Chevy Chase
Question: Besides "The Ballad of Chevy Chase" what was another composition written by Richard Sheale?
Question: Who composed "Warrington Ale"?
Question: What is one of the local Wassailing songs called?
Question: What was "The Ballad of Chevy Chase" about?
Question: What type of dancing is associated with "The Leaving of Liverpool"?
Question: When was the area part of Brigantes tribal area?
Answer: Roman times
Question: In what year did the northern parts of the country form the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged?
Answer: 410AD
Question: What is the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged?
Answer: a successor entity to the Brigantes tribe
Question: When was the area incorporated into Northumbria?
Answer: mid-8th century
Question: When did the Romans enter the area of Manchester?
Question: When was Lancaster established?
Question: In what year did Brigantes tribe become the Brythonic Kingdom of Rheged?
Question: In what century were Roman forts first established?
Question: When was the town of Castleshaw founded?
Question: How many people lived in Lancashire in 1971?
Answer: 5,129,416
Question: What is the most populous geographic county in the UK?
Answer: Lancashire
Question: When was the administrative county abolished?
Answer: 1 April 1974
Question: What did the southern part of Lancashire turn into?
Answer: Merseyside and Greater Manchester
Question: What incorporated the Furness exclave?
Answer: Cumbria
Question: How many people like in the UK?
Question: In what geographic region of Lancashire is Cumbria county?
Question: How many people lived in Merseyside according to the 1971 census?
Question: How many people lived in Lancashire in 1961?
Question: How many people lived in Cumbria after it was made into a county in 1974?
Question: Who was a local pioneer of folk song collection?
Answer: James Orchard Halliwell
Question: Who did the most to popularize folk songs of the county?
Answer: Harry Boardman
Question: Who were the most influential fold artists from the region in the 20th century?
Answer: The Spinners
Question: Who do the many folk clubs today cater to?
Answer: Irish and Scottish folk music
Question: What is one of the regular folk festivals called?
Answer: Fylde Folk Festival
Question: In what year was James Orchard Halliwell born?
Question: In what year did The Spinners release their first folk music album?
Question: When was the first Fylde Folke Festival at Fleetwood held?
Question: What city was Harry Boardman from?
Question: Where was James Orchard Halliwell from?
Question: Where can the red rose of lancaster be found?
Answer: on the county's heraldic badge and flag
Question: What is on the traditional Lancashire flag?
Answer: a red rose on a white field
Question: What is on the official Lancashire flag?
Answer: red rose on a gold field
Question: Whos flag officially is a red rose on a white field?
Answer: Montrose in Scotland
Question: In what century was the traditional Lancashire Flag established?
Question: In what century was the Flag Institute founded?
Question: In what century did Montrose register the Lancaster Flag?
Question: What was Montrose's heraldic flag?
Question: Where was Sir Peter Maxwell Davies born?
Answer: Salford
Question: When was the Royal Manchester College of Music founded?
Answer: 1893
Question: When was the Royal Northern College of Music formed?
Answer: 1972
Question: What did the Royal Manchester College of Music merge with?
Answer: the Northern College of Music
Question: Who founded the Royal Manchester College of Music?
Question: Who founded the Northern College of Music?
Question: Who was the first head of the Royal Northern College of Music?
Question: In what year did Harrison Birtwistle receive the Sir title?
Question: In what year did Peter Maxwell Davies attain the title of Sir?
Question: What era was 250 million to 247 million years ago?
Answer: Early Triassic
Question: What geologic climate was found in the Early Triassic?
Answer: deserts
Question: What landmass was still unbroken in the Early Triassic?
Answer: Pangaea
Question: What percentage of extinction of species had recently happened??
Answer: 95%
Question: What species had evolved after  the extinction and would become the basic predator in the Triassic?
Answer: Temnospondyli
Question: What geologic climate was not found in the Early Triassic?
Question: What percentage of species growth had recently happened?
Question: What landmass broke in the Earl Triassic?
Question: What species had evolved before the extinction and would become the basic predator in the Triassic?
Question: What was the most rare life on earth?
Question: What event produced further adaptations during  the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods?
Answer: climatic changes
Question: When was the top of archosaur diversity?
Answer: Jurassic
Question: What species spread towards the poles during the Jurassic?
Answer: Angiosperms
Question: What species dominated many tree floras by the end of the Cretaceous period?
Answer: angiosperms
Question: What types of species are thought to still have been dominate until after the extinction?
Answer: cycad and ferns
Question: What event stunted adaptions during the Jurassic?
Question: When was the bottom of archosaur diversity?
Question: The temperature gradient prevented what land species growth?
Question: What prevented the spread of angiosperms towards the poles?
Question: What types of species are thought to have died before the extinction?
Question: What event sets the boundary for the Triassic?
Answer: Permian–Triassic extinction
Question: What percentage of marine life died during the extinction?
Answer: 90% to 96%
Question: How many terrestrial species died during the extinction?
Answer: 70%
Question: What is the largest extinction of species in Earth's history known as?
Answer: Great Dying
Question: What is the possible cause of the upper Cretaceous extinction event ?
Answer: K–Pg) extinction
Question: What percentage of marine life growth happened during the Permian–Triassic era?
Question: How many terrestrial species were created during the Permian–Triassic era?
Question: Large volcanic eruptions contributed to the expansion of what period?
Question: What percent of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct on the Yucatán Peninsula?
Question: What percentage of all genera thrived during the Cretaceous–Paleogene era?
Question: What is the span of the Late Cretaceous period?
Answer: 100 million to 65 million years
Question: What weather trend ocured in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic periods?
Answer: cooling
Question: What climate was restricted to the equatorial areas?
Answer: tropics
Question: What type of weather changes did areas outside of the tropics experience?
Answer: extreme seasonal changes
Question: What event ended the age of the dinosaur by causing a 75% extinction?
Answer: K-T Extinction
Question: What weather trend didn't ocur in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic periods?
Question: Which dinosaur species saw its demise during the Late Cretaceous?
Question: Which water borne species brought about the extinction of the Mosasaurs?
Question: Flowering plants died out during which period?
Question: Which dinosaurs help pollute the atmosphere?
Question: What atmospheric gas caused temperatures levels to be 10 degrees higher than today?
Answer: carbon dioxide
Question: What was about equal across the planet?
Answer: temperatures
Question: During the Cretaceous what climate was thought to be found in areas near the seas?
Answer: deserts
Question: What did large amounts of deposited un-decomposed organic matter later become?
Answer: black shale
Question: What is most volatile aspect about the Cretaceous?
Question: Lower levels of carbon dioxide caused what?
Question: The circulation of oxygen in the deep ocean may have increased during what period?
Question: Black shale was destroyed by what during the Cretaceous period?
Question: Why were equatorial ocean waters too cold?
Question: What was the span of the Late Triassic?
Answer: 237 million to 200 million years
Question: Besides moderate precipitation, what weather conditions did the Late Triassic have?
Answer: heat spells
Question: When did the first dinosaurs evolve?
Answer: Triassic
Question: According to theory, what did climate change in the Late Triassic cause?
Answer: Triassic-Jurassic extinction
Question: What was the only archosaur to survive the fourth mass extinction?
Answer: crocodiles
Question: Besides moderate precipitation, what weather conditions did the Late Triassic not have?
Question: What lead to the demise of a certain segment of reptilian evolution?
Question: What resulted in a relatively small die-out known as the Triassic Jurassic extinction event?
Question: What survived the Triassic Jurassic extinction event?
Question: 34% of marine life survived what extinction event?
Question: What is the span of the Early Cretaceous?
Answer: 145 million to 100 million years
Question: What event of the Early Cretaceous caused the extinction of several species?
Answer: expansion of seaways
Question: What species died out due to the expansion of coastal shallows?
Answer: Ichthyosaurs
Question: What species dominated the seas?
Answer: Mosasaurs
Question: What dinosaur spread to every continent?
Answer: Iguanodon
Question: What event of the Early Cretaceous caused the proliferation of several species?
Question: What dinosaur was particularly confined to one continent?
Question: What caused Ichthyosaurs to thrive?
Question: Which species avoided the polar areas?
Question: What species was most similar to crocodiles?
Question: What caused the sea to rise during the Jurassic?
Answer: increase in seafloor
Question: Rising seas and displaced waters caused what  element along the coasts?
Answer: flooded coastal areas
Question: Pangaea beginning to break apart created what new sea?
Answer: Tethys Sea
Question: What weather condition increased?
Answer: Temperatures
Question: As humidity increased what land area decreased?
Answer: deserts
Question: What caused the sea to fall during the Jurassic?
Question: Rising seas and displaced waters destroyed what element along the coasts?
Question: What weather condition became much more stable?
Question: Why did humidity decrease during the Jurassic?
Question: By how much did oceans increase in size compared to today?
Question: What is the span of years for the Early Jurassic?
Answer: 200 million years to 175 million
Question: What feature of the climate produced a more tropical world?
Answer: more humid
Question: Besides Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites, what was the other dominate species in the seas?
Answer: Plesiosaurs
Question: What was the highest order of species n land?
Answer: Dilophosaurus
Question: What other order evolved during the Jurassic?
Answer: true mammals
Question: What feature of the climate hindered a more tropical world
Question: Plesiosaurs and Ichthyosaurs were mostly hunted by with competitive species?
Question: What species saw itself at the bottom of the race hierarchy?
Question: Reptiles were a submissive species during what time period?
Question: Crocodiles were threatened by what species?
Question: Where did the basic geological changes of this period occur?
Answer: Arctic
Question: What supercontinent split to form two smaller continents?
Answer: Pangaea
Question: What was the northern continent split from Pangaea?
Answer: Laurasia
Question: What was Pangaea's southern continent called?
Answer: Gondwana
Question: At what time was tectonic formation especially active?
Question: What was the northern continent that combined into Pangaea?
Question: What continent split to destroy the passive continental margin near the Atlantic?
Question: What destroyed the Innuitian orogeny?
Question: When did recovery of these diverse animals begin?
Answer: mid-Triassic
Question: How long after the Permian-Triassic extinction did animal recovery take to completion?
Answer: 30M years
Question: What dominated animal life in the Triassic?
Answer: reptiles
Question: How many years after the extinction did animal recovery begin?
Answer: 4M to 6M
Question: What type of animals were especially quick to reestablish?
Question: The recovery of many species failed during what period of the Triassic?
Question: What animal life was most at risk in the Triassic?
Question: How many years of recovery did the extinction interrupt?
Question: At what point did the Mesozoic era begin?
Answer: Permian–Triassic extinction
Question: When did the Mesozoic end?
Answer: Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction
Question: What kind of geologic activity occurred during the Mesozoic?
Answer: tectonic
Question: Besides climate changes, what other important activity occurred during the Mesozoic?
Answer: evolutionary
Question: When mamals appeared they remained small until what period?
Answer: Cenozoic
Question: At what point did the Mesozoic era end?
Question: The Mesozoic was a time devoid of what activity?
Question: What quickly split the supercontinent Pangea into landmasses?
Question: Non-avian dinosaurs disappeared in what period?
Question: Birds devolved from what branch of dinosaurs?
Question: What is the span of years of the Middle Triassic?
Answer: 247 million to 237 million
Question: What continuing event began in the Middle Triassic?
Answer: breakup of Pangaea
Question: During the breakup of Pangaea, what sea was created?
Answer: Tethys Sea
Question: From what had the ecosystem had to recover?
Answer: the Great Dying
Question: What type of animal began to flourish and become increasingly large?
Answer: reptiles
Question: What continuing event ended in the Middle Triassic?
Question: In what period did pine forests mostly die out?
Question: During the formation of Pangaea, what sea was created?
Question: Pine forests brought about the demise of what insects?
Question: How many years did the Late Jurassic cover?
Answer: 163 million to 145 million
Question: What did the separation of Pangaea cause to become extinct?
Answer: sauropods and Ichthyosaurs
Question: What is the extinction caused by the splitting of Pangaea called?
Answer: Jurassic-Cretaceous extinction
Question: What caused the destruction of fern prairies and increasing shallows?
Answer: Sea levels rose
Question: What did the rise in sea levels open in the seaways? 
Answer: Atlantic sea
Question: In the Late Jurassic what species survived?
Question: The separation of Pangaea allowed what species to thrive above others?
Question: Sea levels fell during what time period that spanned from 163 million to 145 million years ago?
Question: The increase in sea levels closed up which sea?
Question: What could have made temperatures more extreme?
Answer: Low sea levels
Question: Because of distance form the sea and wide variance in temperatures, what was the interior of Pangaea like?
Answer: desert
Question: What were there periods of during the Triassic?
Answer: increased rainfall
Question: What was the Carnian Pluvial event?
Answer: increased rainfall
Question: In what period was it consistently rainy?
Question: What caused the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event?
Question: Why was the Carnian Pluvial event especially dry?
Question: What was the dominant plant species of the Mesozoic?
Answer: gymnosperms
Question: What is an example of a gymnosperm?
Answer: conifers
Question: What are the dominate plant species on Earth now?
Answer: angiosperms
Question: When did the Ginkgo evolve?
Answer: Mesozoic
Question: What famous tree species is believed to have evolved during the Mesozoic?
Answer: Sequoia
Question: What plant species died out in the Mesozoic?
Question: Ginkgo species died out in what period?
Question: What are the most at risk species on Earth now?
Question: What land species died out in this period?
Question: In what decade was digital telephony transmission made possible?
Answer: the 1980s
Question: What is the minimum bit rate for compressed video and audio transmission?
Answer: 128 kilobits/s
Question: What is an example of an early form of digital video and audio communication?
Answer: the Media space
Question: In what form did the first dedicated videoconferencing system appear as?
Answer: ISDN networks
Question: What company offered the first commercial videoconferencing system?
Answer: PictureTel Corp.
Question: When did video and audio transmission come into being?
Question: In November, 1984, what else was being researched?
Question: What other minimum bit rate is not as widely used as videoconferencing?
Question: What started to appear as the Media space was expanding world wide?
Question: Where did the first compressed video transmission that was sold sold come from?
Question: What controls the conferencing while its active on the signaling plane?
Answer: The MC
Question: Where does the videoconferencing system manage conferencing creation?
Answer: the signaling plane
Question: What is one example of what the signaling plane controls in a videoconferencing system?
Answer: endpoint signaling
Question: On what plane does the MC operate?
Answer: the media plane
Question: What generates output streams from each endpoint?
Answer: The MP
Question: What does the MP control while active on the signaling plane?
Question: Where does the system manage output streams while it is active?
Question: What does the MC receive from in-conferencing controls?
Question: What does the signaling plane do with information in a conference?
Question: What signaling negotiations does the MP operate on?
Question: What is an example of a personal videoconferencing system tool?
Answer: webcam
Question: What has made videoconferencing accessible to many?
Answer: The availability of freeware
Question: Videoconferencing freeware is widely available in what programs?
Answer: chat programs
Question: What has become more available as the availability of freeware has decreased?
Question: What has having access to a webcam done for videoconferencing?
Question: What has happened after internet connectivity for technology has improved?
Question: What type of programs is video capture usually a part of?
Question: What has made high speed internet accessible to many?
Question: Videophone calls are different from videoconferencing in what way?
Answer: serve individuals, not groups
Question: What is an example of a videophone call program?
Answer: Skype
Question: What term is more used today to refer to calls between two units?
Answer: videoconferencing
Question: What are videoconferencing calls now more commonly known as?
Answer: a video link
Question: What is another name for videophone calls?
Answer: video chat
Question: What technology serves sophisticated software clients and not groups?
Question: How does increased bandwidth differ from point-to-point calls?
Question: What is an example of a teleconferencing program?
Question: What are software clients and multiple parties commonly called?
Question: What type of call is another name for point-to-point chat?
Question: In what decade did developers extend the capabilities of videoconferencing to more devices?
Answer: the 2010s
Question: What allows people in remote locations the ability to video-conference with colleagues far away?
Answer: Mobile collaboration systems
Question: What is one example of an application that videoconferencing manufacturers have begun to offer?
Answer: still image streaming
Question: What type of applications have videoconferencing manufacturers begun to offer?
Answer: mobile
Question: What is an example of a place that videoconferencing can be used today?
Answer: hand-held mobile devices
Question: What have moblie collaboration system manufacturers provided?
Question: What has the use of video done in the 2010's?
Question: What is one type of application that mobile collaboration manufacturers offer?
Question: What have videoconferencing developers created for use with off shore oil rigs?
Question: What does still image streaming allow?
Question: What can videoconferencing offer students?
Answer: participating in two-way communication forums
Question: Who can benefit from two-way communication forums?
Answer: students
Question: What is a major barrier to videoconferencing between some communities?
Answer: language
Question: What is one example of how students can benefit from videoconferencing?
Answer: virtual field trips
Question: What is one experience that students using videoconferencing can achieve?
Answer: visit museums
Question: What do geographically isolated areas provide to students?
Question: Who can  be brought to small schools to help students learn?
Question: What will persist when teachers and lecturers are brought together?
Question: What can students do through geographically isolated locations
Question: Who can learn from foreign language forums?
Question: What company introduced the first device to help deaf people communicate through telecommunications?
Answer: AT&T
Question: What was the name of AT&T's videophone device?
Answer: Picturephone
Question: In what year was AT&T's "Picturephone" device introduced?
Answer: 1964
Question: Where was AT&T's "Picturephone" device unveiled?
Answer: 1964 New York World's Fair
Question: In what decade were more efficient ways of using sign language via video-telephony developed?
Answer: 1990s
Question: Where was the Picturephone introduced in the 1990's?
Question: Where were universities able to communicate with each other at the fair?
Question: What organization conducted research on ISDN phone lines?
Question: How were video codecs hampered for years?
Question: What was introduced to make extensive research easier over video telephony?
Question: On what film was videoconferencing widely used?
Answer: Frozen
Question: What year was the movie Frozen released?
Answer: 2013
Question: In what city were the songwriting team of Frozen located?
Answer: New York City
Question: How many months did the songwriters work on the movie via videoconferencing?
Answer: 14
Question: How has videoconferencing become useful in the songwriting industry?
Question: In what industry has using different locations become useful?
Question: In what year was the film industry globalized?
Question: How long did songwriters work in different locations through videoconferencing?
Question: On what movie were complex details of film production used?
Question: What does a video-conference use that allows communication in live situations?
Answer: a multipoint control unit
Question: What is a multi-point control unit?
Answer: call management system
Question: How does video-conferencing allow multiple parties to communicate with each other?
Answer: web-based applications
Question: How many locations can one use videoconferencing for?
Answer: two or more
Question: What is a web-based application more expensive than?
Question: How does a videophone allow live communication?
Question: What is a videophone also known as?
Question: How many locations can you use a videophone in?
Question: What have videophones allowed by going around traditional definitions?
Question: What is one area where teleconferencing could not be used?
Answer: telemedicine
Question: Who developed the first systems to transmit slow-scan video?
Answer: AT&T Corporation
Question: When was the first slow-scan video systems researched?
Answer: the 1950s
Question: What was the bit rate of AT&T's Picturephone?
Answer: 6 Mbit/s
Question: What was the bandwidth of AT&T's Picturephone?
Answer: 1 MHz
Question: Who developed the first system to transmit distance education?
Question: In what area could business meetings not be used?
Question: Why did using business meetings to transmit slow-scan video fail?
Question: In the 1950's why did the Picturephone not become a success?
Question: How many telephony networks were there in the world?
Question: What year did one the first community service usages of videoconferencing take place?
Answer: 1992
Question: What company helped in the creation of community service videoconferencing?
Answer: IBM
Question: What is the videoconferencing product that both IBM and PictureTel worked on?
Answer: PCS/1
Question: What does DIANE in Project DIANE stand for?
Answer: Diversified Information and Assistance Network
Question: How many years did it take for Project DIANE to grow?
Answer: 15
Question: Where was distance education first used?
Question: What was first used  in neighborhood centers?
Question: What did a partnership between libraries and science museums promote in 1992?
Question: In 1992 what are two places that were part of the PictureTel network?
Question: What did IBM Corporations grow to create over the next 15 years?
Question: What enables videoconferencing to connect three or more remote points?
Answer: Multipoint Control Unit (MCU)
Question: What is one type of MCU bridge?
Answer: IP
Question: In what way can an MCU be characterized?
Answer: the number of simultaneous calls it can handle
Question: What feature enables an MCU to allow for multiple parties to be seen on screen at the same time?
Answer: Continuous Presence
Question: Where can an MCU be embedded?
Answer: dedicated videoconferencing units
Question: What makes videoconferencing between Continuous Presence possible?
Question: What is one thing that characterizes an ISDN?
Question: What feature lets more than one person participate in sequence?
Question: What are remote points made of?
Question: What is one type of simultaneous call that acts as a bridge?
Question: What technology can be used along with videoconferencing?
Answer: VoIP
Question: What is another use of VoIP?
Answer: telecommuting
Question: What is telecommuting?
Answer: work from home
Question: What is the percentage of people who use videoconferencing a majority of the time?
Answer: 54%
Question: What can time savings help people do?
Question: What are face-to-face business meetings also used for?
Question: What did a report based on money savings show?
Question: As of June 2010 what  percentage of telecommuters used the technology frequently?
Question: What are low-cost meetings also used for?
Question: In what decade was Internet video-conferencing made possible?
Answer: 1990s
Question: In what device was videoconferencing finally able to be used in?
Answer: desktop
Question: In what year was CU-SeeMe, a desktop-based videoconferencing tool, developed?
Answer: 1992
Question: In what year did the first public video-conference take place?
Answer: 1995
Question: What South African city participated in the first public video-conference?
Answer: Cape Town
Question: What was developed at Cornell by Seiji Ozawa?
Question: When did the CU-SeeMee take place that linked San Francisco and Captown?
Question: What happened at a technofair in Nagano, Japan in real time?
Question: What became possible that allowed the Winter Olympics opening ceremony to happen?
Question: When did Nagano Japan take part in the first public video-conference linking two continents?
Question: What is the software that performs audio and/or video compression?
Answer: a codec (coder/decoder)
Question: How high can compression rates go?
Answer: 1:500
Question: What is one digital network through which a digital stream can be transmitted?
Answer: IP
Question: What does POTS stand for?
Answer: Plain Old Telephone System
Question: What do POTS do?
Answer: convert the digital pulses to/from analog waves
Question: What is the core digital network used in a videoconferencing system?
Question: What is the low speed application that performs compression?
Question: How high can audio modems go?
Question: What is transmitted through low speed applications of some kind?
Question: What does an ISDN convert in the audio spectrum range?
Question: What profession utilizes videoconferencing technology to conduct online sessions?
Answer: teachers
Question: What is one way that videocalling can be used?
Answer: personal videocalls to inmates
Question: What is a common use of conferencing technology?
Answer: tele-medical
Question: What is one common use of tele-medical technology?
Question: What is one way businesses can conduct online sessions?
Question: What can diagnostic services resolve at maintenance facilities?
Question: How often is the def Video Relay Service evolving?
Question: What services do inmates incarcerated in penitentiaries use?
Question: What is one way that videoconferencing is useful?
Answer: real-time telemedicine
Question: What areas benefit especially from videoconferencing? 
Answer: Rural
Question: In what US state did a rural area use videoconferencing to help reduce the number of transfers of sick infants to hospitals? 
Answer: Ohio
Question: How far away was the hospital from this rural area?
Answer: 70 miles
Question: How much money did videoconferencing help this rural area save?
Answer: $10,000 per transfer
Question: What areas make contacting nurses more streamlined?
Question: How much did it cost to contact a doctor in rural Ohio?
Question: Where did a medical center use transmission of medical images to cut costs?
Question: How far away was the doctor from the rural area in Ohio?
Question: What allows medical centers to discuss cases across large distances?
Question: What is one of the reasons why VRS services are not in most European countries?
Answer: financing
Question: What European country is a leader in providing VRS services to its citizens?
Answer: Germany
Question: What country is a world leader in providing VRS services?
Answer: United States
Question: What has become developed in Germany since 1997?
Question: What has the European Union become a world leader in providing?
Question: Why are VRS services not in the United States?
Question: For how long has Germany offered VRS services since the 2000's?
Question: Where has legislation and financing become well developed in Europe?
Question: Who produced the first high definition video conferencing system?
Answer: LifeSize Communications
Question: Where was the first HD video conferencing system displayed?
Answer: Las Vegas, Nevada
Question: What company introduced the first HD video conferencing system to the general market?
Answer: Polycom
Question: What was the resolution of the first HD video conferencing system?
Answer: 1280 by 720
Question: In 2006, what was produced by Lifesize Comunications?
Question: Where was Polycom displayed in May 2005?
Question: What did LifeSize Communications introduce in 2006?
Question: When did Interlop become a popular feature?
Question: What did most suppliers in the display resolution market offer in the 2010's?
Question: What do systems with no MCU use in order to perform multipoint conferencing?
Answer: a standards-based H.323 technique
Question: What is one advantage of using an H.323 technique?
Answer: higher quality
Question: What is one disadvantage of using the H.323 technique?
Answer: increased network bandwidth
Question: What is the H.323 technique also known as?
Answer: decentralized multipoint
Question: Why is the video and audio of the H.323 technique higher quality?
Answer: they don't have to be relayed through a central point
Question: What is capable of multipoint conferencing without the H.323 technique?
Question: What technique is used that transmits to an MCU?
Question: What is a main disadvantage of using an MCU technique?
Question: What do systems that use an MCU, use for video conferencing?
Question: What are the advantages of using ad-hoc multipoint calls?
Question: What US Department oversees the World's largest administrative judicial system?
Answer: Social Security Administration (SSA)
Question: In what year did the SSA see a 55% increase in videoconferenced hearings?
Answer: 2009
Question: When did the SSA open its largest videoconferencing-only center?
Answer: August 2010
Question: Where is the SSA's fifth videoconferencing only center located?
Answer: St. Louis, Missouri
Question: In 2010 how many hearings did the U.S. SSA conduct?
Question: What did the ODAR do to clear its hearing backlog in August 2010?
Question: In what locations has the ODAR opened NHC's since 2007?
Question: By what percentage did the SSA's hearing backlog increase in 2009?
Question: What does the NHC oversee under its ODAR?
Question: What is the Old Style date mean?
Answer: Julian calendar
Question: What is N.S. stand for?
Answer: New Style
Question: What are New Style dates?
Answer: Gregorian
Question: Why use two consecutive year dates?
Answer: starting date of the year
Question: What is used with dates to determine whether a date is correct or not?
Question: What uses two different dates because of a difference in the ending date of the year?
Question: Which system indicates that the Gregorian year has been adjusted to start on January 1?
Question: Which system indicates that the date that the Julian date has been adjusted for length?
Question: When was the Gregorian Calendar introduced?
Answer: 1582
Question: What calendar was used in the reform to create the Gregorian calendar?
Answer: Julian calendar
Question: What holiday was the inducement to revise the Julian calendar?
Answer: Easter
Question: When did the First Council of Nicaea rule that Easter be celebrated by all Christians?
Answer: on the same day
Question: What was the Julian calendar a reform of?
Question: What calendar was started in the fifteenth century?
Question: Which Pope started the Julian calendar?
Question: What holiday led to the revision of the Gregorian calendar
Question: Who suggested that all Christians celebrate Easter on the same day during the third century?
Question: What ruler decreed the change to the Gregorian calendar?
Answer: Philip II of Spain
Question: Besides part of Italy, over what areas did Phillip rule?
Answer: Spain and Portugal
Question: What was the first day selected to be the first day using the new calendar?
Answer: Friday, 15 October 1582
Question: What was the last day the Julian calendar was used?
Answer: Thursday, 4 October 1582
Question: Why did the Spanish colonies lag behind in adopting the calendar?
Answer: delay in communication
Question: What King decreed the change from the Gregorian to the Julian calendar?
Question: Who was affected by Philip II's switch to the Julian calendar?
Question: What changed Julian Thursday, 4 October 1582 to Gregorian Friday, 15 October 1582?
Question: What calendar was last used on Friday, October 15 1582?
Question: When did the last country to adopt the Gregorian calendar start using it?
Answer: 1923
Question: At what date did the first country start using the new calendar?
Answer: 1582
Question: How which calendar did some countries notate the date?
Answer: in both
Question: Who said that English writers usually used both dates on writings?
Answer: Woolley
Question: What difference in dating caused the use of double-dating documents?
Answer: different beginnings of the year
Question: What happened in the fifteenth century that made it necessary to give dates using both calendars?
Question: What happened in the nineteenth century the Gregorian calendar that made it necessary to give dates using both calendars?
Question: Why was it not necessary to use the dual year when giving two dates?
Question: Why did the year sometimes have to be double dated after 1582?
Question: What did John Dee note?
Question: What was the percentsge of correction from the Julian calendar to the new Gregorian calendar?
Answer: 0.002%
Question: What was the correction due to?
Answer: length of the year
Question: What change in date motivated the change in calendars?
Answer: celebration of Easter
Question: To what astrological date was Easter tied?
Answer: spring equinox
Question: What was wrong in the Julian calendar?
Answer: slightly too long
Question: What percentage did the Julian calendar fixed the Gregorian calendar?
Question: What was too short in the Julian calendar?
Question: What did the spring equinox motivate the church to change?
Question: What did the Protestant church considered to be undesirable?
Question: What was first adopted by Eastern Orthodox countries
Question: How many days are in the Gregorian calendar?
Answer: 365
Question: How often is a leap day added to the Julian calendar year?
Answer: every 4 years
Question: When does the Gregorian calendar omit 3 leap days?
Answer: every 400 years
Question: On what day did both the Julian and Gregorian calendars add leap day?
Answer: 24 February
Question: What calendar is a lunar calendar?
Question: When does the Julian calendar omit three leap days?
Question: Which church still host festivals on the twenty-third in leap years?
Question: What did Julian reform not change about leap year?
Question: What did churches do to settle the date if there was a difference? 
Answer: compromise
Question: By what century had almost all churches begun celebrating Easter according to the Alexandrian Easter?
Answer: 10th century
Question: On what border of the Byzantine Empire were the last holdouts for celebrating according the  Alexandrian Easter?
Answer: eastern border
Question: What date placement drifted increasingly off the true date on the calendar?
Answer: vernal equinox
Question: What was celebrated on the fifteenth day after the equinox?
Question: In what century did all the churches adopt the Alexandrian Easter?
Question: Who noticed the equinox drift in the seventh century?
Question: What did the Alexandrian Easter place on 25 March?
Question: What did Lilius first propose to correct in the calendar?
Answer: length of the year
Question: By how much is the Julian calendar too long?
Answer: 11 minutes
Question: How much difference does the extra 11 minutes make over 400 years time?
Answer: three days
Question: On what date was the original vernal equinox set?
Answer: 21 March
Question: By the time of Lilius where was the equinox falling?
Answer: 10 or 11 March
Question: Who proposed lengthening the year?
Question: Which year was eleven minutes too short?
Question: What causes an extra three days every 400 years in the Gregorian calendar?
Question: What was originally set as March 25?
Question: What did Gregory propose deleting to correct the ten day drift?
Question: On what date did most European countries set the start of the new year?
Answer: 1 January
Question: When did Scotland begin to use January 1 as the start of the new year?
Answer: 1600
Question: When did the other British states and colonies set the year start date to January 1?
Answer: 1752
Question: What act did Britain use to implement the use of the Gregorian calendar?
Answer: Calendar (New Style) Act 1750
Question: When did England finally change the tax year to 6 April?
Answer: 1800
Question: What do most European countries do after they adopted the Gregorian calendar?
Question: What country changed the new year to January 1 during the sixteenth century
Question: Who changed the start of the new year to January 1 during the seventeenth century?
Question: What was the name of the act that changed the start of the year and a seventeenth century?
Question: What remained on March 25 in Scotland?
Question: Attempting to use Gregorian dates for earlier events  on the Julian calendar should be used with what action?
Answer: caution
Question: When are events usually shown as they appeared on the Julian calendar?
Answer: prior to 15 October 1582
Question: When was the Battle of Agincourt?
Answer: 25 October 1415
Question: What other date is 25 October known for, that keeps the Battle of Agincourt on 25 October,1415?
Answer: Saint Crispin's Day
Question: In the Julian calendar when is the start of the new year?
Answer: 1 January
Question: What can you extend backwards to create an accurate calendar?
Question: What events are shown as they appeared on the Julian calendar with the year starting as it did when they occurred?
Question: What is the disputed date for St. Crispin's Day?
Question: What started in January Julian calendar?
Question: Why would a knuckle -space count be used to determine months?
Answer: language-independent
Question: A knuckle count is a month of how many days?
Answer: 31
Question: The space between knuckles is what kind of month?
Answer: short month
Question: What are held together for a knuckle-space month count?
Answer: one's two fists
Question: What method for determining months is dependent on language?
Question: What junction is counted for February?
Question: What was the first reform concerning the calendar?
Answer: Julian calendar
Question: What was the second reform of the calendar?
Answer: lunar cycle
Question: What was calculated using the lunar calendar?
Answer: date of Easter
Question: What did Lilius's calendar plan to reduce in every 400 years?
Answer: number of leap years
Question: How many parts did the Gregorian reform have?
Question: What calendar was changed by the Julia reform?
Question: What reform change the lunar cycle used by pagans?
Question: Who oppose the proposal for the reform?
Question: Whose reform included increasing the number of leap years and for centuries?
Question: What calendar did Turkey use before 1917 for general purposes?
Answer: lunar Islamic
Question: What calendar did Turkey utilize for fiscal purposes?
Answer: Julian
Question: Where did Turkey start the fiscal year?
Answer: 1 March
Question: When did Turkey begin to use the Gregorian calendar for fiscal means?
Answer: 1 March 1917
Question: When did Turkey start using the Gregorian calendar for all purposes?
Answer: 1 January 1926
Question: Who use the lunar Islamic calendar until the nineteenth century?
Question: Who use the Hegira era is a fiscal calendar?
Question: What was used to set the year number?
Question: What was needed because the lunar year is longer than the solar year?
Question: What did Turkey start using for all purposes on March 1, 1917?
Question: How many days do you subtract to convert days from a calendar?
Answer: subtract one day
Question: What does one need to remember about  the date of February 29 in the Julian calendar?
Answer: February 29 is discounted
Question: If you need a date of four days less, what do you subtract from the Julian calendar?
Answer: -4
Question: How many days you add to convert days from a calendar?
Question: What is discounted when converting from Gregorian to Julian?