huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What kind of diversity is found in Modern English?
Question: What were examples of morphology in Old English and Old Norse?
Question: What was the name of the area in England ruled by the Vikings?
Answer: the Danelaw
Question: Who argued that the influence of Old Norse caused English to become a clearer, stronger and more direct language?
Answer: Simeon Potter
Question: What parts of English grammar declined as a result of Old Norse influence?
Answer: word-endings
Question: What influence made English more of a synthetic language?
Question: What language had the most impact on other languages?
Question: Why did the Vikings stop using complicated word-endings?
Question: What did the Norse language gain clarity and directness from?
Question: Along with the present, what was a verb tense in Old English?
Answer: past
Question: What were the three moods that caused verb variation in Old English?
Answer: indicative, subjunctive and imperative
Question: Along with the first and second, what person influenced verb variation in Old English?
Answer: third
Question: What is an example of a suffix used by Old English weak verbs?
Answer: -de
Question: How did Old English strong verbs express the past tense?
Answer: altering the root vowel
Question: What does modern English use to express verbal aspects?
Question: What forms the past tense in Modern English?
Question: What no longer indicates the past tense of weak verbs?
Question: What is another name for Ingvaeonic?
Answer: North Sea Germanic
Question: In what century did Old English first develop?
Answer: 5th
Question: What Anglo-Saxon kingdom ruled parts of modern-day Scotland?
Answer: Northumbria
Question: What language was spoken in Cornwall?
Answer: Medieval Cornish
Question: What Germanic dialects are from the 500's?
Question: Who did the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northuumbria belong to?
Question: What language survived in Cumbria until the 1200's?
Question: What language replace Old English in Scandinavian settlements?
Question: What is an important Old English religious poem?
Answer: Cædmon's Hymn
Question: What type of literary work is Beowulf?
Answer: an epic poem
Question: Who is the earliest English poet known by name?
Answer: Cædmon
Question: Where did Cædmon live?
Answer: Whitby
Question: What is the oldest surviving Old English literature?
Question: What is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle carved on?
Question: What is considered the heart of world literature?
Question: Who are usually well known among the Anglo-Saxons?
Question: Along with the Angles and Saxons, what tribe spoke Anglo-Frisian?
Answer: Jutes
Question: What language family did Common Brittonic belong to?
Answer: Celtic
Question: How was the Latin language brought to Britain?
Answer: Roman invasion
Question: In what century did Scandinavian settlement begin in northern England?
Answer: 9th
Question: What Germanic dialects developed from Old English?
Question: Whose language was replaced by Common Brittonic?
Question: What language replace Common Brittonic after the Roman invasion?
Question: What people ruled the eastern and northern parts of England beginning in the 900's?
Question: What king unified the Anglo-Saxon realms in England?
Answer: Alfred the Great
Question: When did Alfred the Great's reign begin?
Answer: 871
Question: In what century did Alfred unify Anglo-Saxon England?
Answer: 9th
Question: What dialect did Alfred's government use?
Answer: West Saxon
Question: Who unified the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the 900's?
Question: Who advocated making Latin the language of education?
Question: What treatise did Pope Gregory I have translated into English?
Question: What Anglo-Saxon king died in the 9th century?
Question: Along with Northumbria, what kingdom was invaded by the Vikings?
Answer: Mercia
Question: Along with the part of Mercia not conquered by the Vikings, what other kingdom was combined with Wessex by Alfred?
Answer: Kent
Question: What is the modern name for the West Saxon dialect of Alfred's time?
Answer: Early West Saxon
Question: From what language was literature notably translated into West Saxon?
Answer: Latin
Question: North of what river in Northumbria was the kingdom not overrun by the Vikings?
Answer: Tyne
Question: Who over ran most of Mercia in the 900's?
Question: Who defended Kent from the Vikings?
Question: What became the standard language in the 900's?
Question: What language was West Saxon literature translated to?
Question: What was Cnut's nationality?
Answer: Danish
Question: During what century did Scandinavians begin to settle in England?
Answer: 9th
Question: What language was a source for English loanwords that are still used today?
Answer: Old Norse
Question: Along with eastern England, what part of England contains many place names of Scandinavian origin?
Answer: northern
Question: How did the Norse borrow words from Old English?
Question: Who influenced the English language starting in the 900's?
Question: Who ruled in the 1100's?
Question: What led to more complicated grammar after the Old English period?
Question: What form of c, when written, contains a dot over the letter?
Answer: palatal
Question: What conventional letter from the Latin alphabet typically replaces the wynn from Old English?
Answer: w
Question: What letter from the Latin alphabet replaces the Old English insular G?
Answer: g
Question: What Latin letter is used in place of the Old English long S?
Answer: s
Question: When eth is replaced, what is it replaced by?
Answer: thorn
Question: What removes some conventions from Old English manuscripts?
Question: What are used to indicate short vowels?
Question: What kind of vowels have no distinction in Old English?
Question: What hobby champions the use of Old English?
Answer: Historical re-enactment
Question: Along with Tolkien, what modern scholar notably made use of Old English?
Answer: Alistair Campbell
Question: What Wikipedia project makes use of the Old English language?
Answer: the Old English Wikipedia
Question: What is a term for modern texts written in Old English?
Answer: Neo-Old English
Question: What is one of the few languages imitated by scholars?
Question: What author promoted the active use of Old English?
Question: What Wikipedia project translate Old English texts?
Question: What modern authors wrote exclusively in Old English?
Question: What was written using the Germanic 24-character elder Furthark?
Question: How many Anglo-Saxon vowels were there?
Question: What script came into use in the 900's?
Question: Who introduced a Latin script in the 900's?
Question: What writing form came into use in the 1200's?
Question: What capability does a fleet carrier offer?
Answer: offensive
Question: What purpose were excort carriers developed for?
Answer: to provide defense for convoys of ships
Question: What were most escort carriers built from?
Answer: mercantile hulls
Question: What are the soviet aircraft carriers used by Russia actually called?
Answer: heavy aviation cruisers
Question: What type of carrier is the smallest?
Question: What capability does a fleet carrier not offer?
Question: What purpose were export carriers developed for?
Question: What were few escort carriers built from?
Question: What are the soviet aircraft carriers used by Germany actually called?
Question: What type of aircraft was the USS Independence?
Answer: light
Question: What advantage did light carriers have over escort carriers?
Answer: speed
Question: What was the expected serice life of the UK 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier?
Answer: 3 years
Question: Who did the UK 1941 Design Light Fleet Carriers serve during the war?
Answer: Royal Navy
Question: What type of aircraft carrier was the USS Vogue?
Question: What type of tank was the USS Independence?
Question: What advantage did heavy carriers have over escort carriers?
Question: What was the expected service life of the UK 1924 Design Light Fleet Carrier?
Question: Who did the UK 1941 Design Heavy Fleet Carriers serve during the war?
Question: When did Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation expect to begin design work for a new carrier?
Answer: 2016
Question: What year was the goal for Russia's new carrier to achieve initial operational capability?
Answer: 2023
Question: What was Izvestiya?
Answer: Russian newspaper
Question: Where was the Northern Fleets nuclear-powered aircraft carrier supposed to be stationed?
Answer: Murmansk
Question: Where was the Pacific Fleets nuclear-powered aircraft carrier supposed to be stationed?
Answer: Vladivostok
Question: When did Prussia's United Shipbuilding Corporation expect to begin design work for a new carrier?
Question: What year was the goal for Russia's old carrier to achieve initial operational capability?
Question: What wasn't Izvestiya?
Question: Where was the Southern Fleets nuclear-powered aircraft carrier supposed to be stationed?
Question: Where was the Atlantic Fleets nuclear-powered aircraft carrier supposed to be stationed?
Question: What design feature do aircraft carriers feature to aid in launching and recovering aircraft?
Answer: flat-top flight deck
Question: Where are the most notable differences between a carrier and a land runway found?
Answer: The flight deck
Question: What is a primary reason that ships have shorter runways than land runways have?
Answer: a full-length runway would be costly to construct and maintain
Question: What do aircraft need to do when using shorter runway lengths?
Answer: accelerate more quickly to gain lift
Question: What are never regarded as "runways at sea"?
Question: What design feature do aircraft carriers feature to hinder launching and recovering aircraft?
Question: Where are the least notable differences between a carrier and a land runway found?
Question: What is a primary reason that ships have longer runways than land runways have?
Question: What do aircraft need to do when using longer runway lengths?
Question: When did conventional carriers start recovering aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship?
Answer: early 1950s
Question: What risk is avoided by aircraft by using an angled deck?
Answer: hitting aircraft parked forward
Question: How many "waist" catapults can be installed with an angled deck?
Answer: one or two
Question: How man bow cats can be installed with an angled deck?
Answer: two
Question: What aircraft design feature improves launch and recovery cycle flexibilty?
Answer: An angled deck
Question: When did conventional carriers stop recovering aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship?
Question: What risk is added by aircraft by using an angled deck?
Question: How many "waste" catapults can be installed with an angled deck?
Question: How man bow dogs can be installed with an angled deck?
Question: What aircraft design feature improves launch and recovery cycle rigidity?
Question: Where are ski-jump ramps located on aircraft carriers?
Answer: the forward end of the flight deck
Question: What did ski-jump ramps allow STOVL aircraft to do that they couldn't do with a flat deck??
Answer: take off at far higher weights
Question: Who originally developed the ski-jump ramp?
Answer: the Royal Navy
Question: What does a ski-jump ramp convert in order to be successful?
Answer: some of the forward rolling movement of the aircraft into vertical velocity
Question: What does the ski-jump ramp prevent a fully loaded and fueled aircraft from doing?
Answer: either stalling out or crashing directly into the sea
Question: Where are snowboard-jump ramps located on aircraft carriers?
Question: What did ski-jump ramps stop STOVL aircraft to do that they couldn't do with a flat deck?
Question: Who originally hated the ski-jump ramp?
Question: What does a ski-jump ramp convert in order to be a failure?
Question: What does the ski-jump ramp prevent a unloaded and fueled aircraft from doing?
Question: What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for aircraft?
Answer: carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering
Question: Typically, what is the capital ship of any fleet?
Answer: An aircraft carrier
Question: What do aircraft carriers allow naval forces to accomplish?
Answer: project air power worldwide without depending on local bases
Question: What have the old converted cruiser aircraft carriers evolved into?
Answer: nuclear-powered warships
Question: What type of flight decks are aircraft carriers not equipped with?
Question: What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for land vehicles?
Question: Typically, what is the capital ship of no fleets?
Question: What do aircraft carriers disallow naval forces to accomplish?
Question: What have the new converted cruiser aircraft carriers devolved into?
Question: In what year was the advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft?
Answer: 1903
Question: In what year was the first experimental take-off of an airplane?
Answer: 1910
Question: In what year were the first experimental landings of an airplane?
Answer: 1911
Question: What did the Imperial Japanese Navy Wakamiya conduct in September 1914?
Answer: the world's first successful ship-launched air raid
Question: What was the first carrier-launched airstrike?
Answer: the Tondern Raid in July 1918
Question: In what year was the advent of lighter-than-air fixed-wing aircraft?
Question: In what year was the second experimental take-off of an airplane?
Question: In what year were the first experimental takeoffs of an airplane?
Question: What did the Imperial Chinese Navy Wakamiya conduct in September 1914?
Question: What was the first carrier-launched seastrike?
Question: Which ship was originally known as being the capital ship of the fleet?
Answer: the battleship
Question: When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the capital ship of the fleet?
Answer: World War II
Question: What type of carrier is capable of displacing 75,000 tonnes or greater?
Answer: Supercarriers
Question: Which ships are used for carrying and landing Marines?
Answer: Amphibious assault ships
Question: What do Amphibious assalut ships need a large contingent of for carrying Marines?
Answer: helicopters
Question: Which ship was never known as being the capital ship of the fleet?
Question: When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the minor ship of the fleet?
Question: What type of carrier is capable of displacing 57,000 tonnes or greater?
Question: Which ships are used for carrying and landing Civilians?
Question: What do Amphibious assault ships need a small contingent of for carrying Marines?
Question: Who is in the process of procuring two Canbera-class LHD's?
Answer: The Royal Australian Navy
Question: How large will the two Canbera-class LDH's be?
Answer: the largest in Australian naval history
Question: What is one primary role of the Canbera-class LDH?
Answer: to embark, transport and deploy an embarked force
Question: How many troops can be maintained on a Canbera-class LHD?
Answer: 1,000 troops and their supporting vehicles
Question: How many helicopters is the LHD capable of launching?
Answer: multiple helicopters at one time
Question: Who is in the process of releasing two Canbera-class LHD's?
Question: How small will the two Canbera-class LDH's be?
Question: What is a secondary role of the Canbera-class LDH?
Question: How many civilians can be maintained on a Canbera-class LHD?
Question: How many tanks is the LHD capable of launching?
Question: What is the British Navy constructing to replace their three Invincible-class carriers?
Answer: two new larger STOVL aircraft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth class
Question: What will the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships be named?
Answer: HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales
Question: When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become operational?
Answer: 2020
Question: How many tonnes can the Queen Elizabeth class ships displace?
Answer: 70,600
Question: How large will the two Queen Elizabeth ships be?
Answer: the largest warships ever built for the Royal Navy
Question: What is the British Army constructing to replace their three Invincible-class carriers?
Question: What will the 2 Queen Victoria class ships be named?
Question: When are the 2 Queen Elizabeth class ships due to become unoperational?
Question: How many grams can the Queen Elizabeth class ships displace?
Question: How old will the two Queen Elizabeth ships be?
Question: Why do the constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a carrier?
Answer: they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched
Question: What are assisted launch mechanisms primarily used for?
Answer: heavy aircraft
Question: What does CATOBAR allow for?
Answer: deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts
Question: Why is STOVL used by other navies?
Answer: it is cheaper to operate
Question: Why do the constraints of deconstructing a flight deck affect the role of a carrier?
Question: What are assisted launch mechanisms secondarily used for?
Question: What doesn't CATOBAR allow for?
Question: Why is STOVL not used by other navies?
Question: What is more expensive to operate?
Question: Why do almost all carriers using conventional aircraft have arrested-recovery systems?
Answer: conventional aircraft cannot decelerate on their own
Question: What is the purpose of an arrested-recovery system?
Answer: to recover their aircraft
Question: What do aircraft do when landing in order to stop on a short distance?
Answer: extend a tailhook that catches on arrestor wires stretched across the deck
Question: What does a landing area angles off access allow an aircraft to do if if misses the arresting wires?
Answer: bolt
Question: What can a "bolt" prevent an aircraft from doing?
Answer: crashing into aircraft on the forward deck
Question: Why do almost all carriers using nonconventional aircraft have arrested-recovery systems?
Question: What is not the purpose of an arrested-recovery system?
Question: What do aircraft do when landing in order to stop on a long distance?
Question: What does a landing area angles off access allow an aircraft to do if it catches the arresting wires?
Question: What can a "bolt" allow an aircraft to do?
Question: What are 3 key personnel involved in the flight deck?
Answer: the shooters, the handler, and the air boss
Question: What are shooters responsible for?
Answer: launching aircraft
Question: What is the handler responsible for?
Answer: the movement of aircraft before launching and after recovery
Question: Where does the captain of the ship spend most of his time?
Answer: on the Navigation Bridge
Question: Who is the Flag Bridge area of the ship designated for?
Answer: the embarked admiral and his staff
Question: What are 3 key personnel not involved in the flight deck?
Question: What are shooters unresponsible for?
Question: What is the handler unresponsible for?
Question: Where does the captain of the ship spend the least of his time?
Question: Who is the Flag Bridge area of the ship restricted from?
Question: What is the disadvantage of the ski-jump?
Answer: the penalty it exacts on aircraft size, payload, and fuel load
Question: What cannot launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight?
Answer: heavily laden aircraft
Question: What do heavily laden aircraft sometimes require the assistance from?
Answer: a catapult or JATO rocket
Question: Why is a ski-jump not included on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are present?
Answer: would eliminate one or more helicopter landing areas
Question: How is the Russian SU-33 able to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov?
Answer: with a minimal armament and fuel load
Question: What is the advantage of the ski-jump?
Question: What can launch using a ski-jump due to their high loaded weight?
Question: What do lightly laden aircraft sometimes require the assistance from?
Question: Why is a ski-jump included on mixed flight deck operations where helicopters are present?
Question: How is the Russian SU-33 unable to launch from the carrier Admiral Kuznetsov?
Question: Why did China purchase the STOBAR carrier Liaoning in 1998?
Answer: on the pretext of use as a floating casino
Question: What is Liaoning classifed as?
Answer: a training ship
Question: What is the Liaoning intended to help the navy practice with?
Answer: carrier usage
Question: Why is Liaoning not assigned to any of China's operation fleets?
Answer: it is a training ship
Question: Why did the Chinese PLA Navy need 4-5 years for Liaoning to reach full capacity?
Answer: this is the first aircraft carrier in their possession
Question: Why didn't China purchase the STOBAR carrier Liaoning in 1998?
Question: What isn't Liaoning classifed as?
Question: What is the Liaoning intended to hinder the navy practice with?
Question: Why is Liaoning assigned to any of China's operation fleets?
Question: Why did the Chinese PLA Navy need 14-15 years for Liaoning to reach full capacity?
Question: Who started construction of a 40,000-tonne Vikrant-class carrier in 2009?
Answer: India
Question: What will power the Indian-made ship?
Answer: four gas-turbine engines
Question: What will the range of the Indian-made ship be, carrying 160 officers, 1400 sailers, and 30 aircraft?
Answer: 8,000 nautical miles
Question: Who is constructing the Indian-made ship?
Answer: Cochin Shipyard
Question: When was the Indian-made ship launched?
Answer: August 2013
Question: Who finished construction of a 40,000-tonne Vikrant-class carrier in 2009?
Question: What will not power the Indian-made ship?
Question: What will the range of the Indian-made ship be, carrying 106 officers, 1400 sailers, and 30 aircraft?
Question: Who isn't constructing the Indian-made ship?
Question: When was the Indian-made ship retired?
Question: What were carriers used for in the early 20th century?
Answer: to deploy balloons
Question: As of 3/3/2016, how many active aircraft carriers are there worldwide?
Answer: thirty-seven
Question: What is another name for the 10 large nuclear-powered carriers operated by the U.S. Navy?
Answer: supercarriers
Question: How many aircraft can supercarriers carry?
Answer: up to 90
Question: Who owns the largest carriers in the world?
Answer: The United States Navy
Question: What were carriers used for in the early 19th century?
Question: As of 3/3/2016, how many active aircraft carriers are there in the united states?
Question: What is another name for the 10 large nuclear-powered carriers operated by the U.N. Navy?
Question: How many warcraft can supercarriers carry?
Question: Who owns the smallest carriers in the world?
Question: What is the definition of an "aircraft carrier"?
Answer: There is no single definition
Question: How may aircraft carriers be classified?
Answer: according to the type of aircraft they carry and their operational assignments
Question: Who is Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope?
Answer: former head of the Royal Navy
Question: Who said, "countries that aspire to strategic international influence have aircraft carriers"?
Answer: Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope
Question: What is the definition of an "warcraft carrier"?
Question: How may aircraft be classified?
Question: Who is Admiral Sir Mark Royal?
Question: Who said, "countries that aspire to strategic local influence have aircraft carriers"?
Question: what type of carrier has a single definition
Question: What drove the advent of carrier-launched aircraft as focal weapons?
Answer: the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness
Question: Why were carrier-launched aircraft more effective than naval guns?
Answer: They had higher range and precision
Question: What was signalled in 1940 when HMS Illustrious launched an strike on an Italian fleet?
Answer: the beginning of the effective and highly mobile aircraft strikes
Question: What event showed the vulnerability of carriers when forced into gun-range enounters?
Answer: the sinking of HMS Glorious by German battleships
Question: What dramatically changed naval combat in World War I?
Question: What drove the advent of carrier-launched aircraft as secondary weapons?
Question: Why were carrier-launched aircraft less effective than naval guns?
Question: What was signalled in 1904 when HMS Illustrious launched an strike on an Italian fleet?
Question: What event didn't show the vulnerability of carriers when forced into gun-range enounters?
Question: What was the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft?
Answer: HMS Argus
Question: What did the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 limit?
Answer: the construction of new heavy surface combat ships
Question: What caused early aircraft carriers to be made up of conversions of ships that were previously cargo ships, cruisers or battlecruisers?
Answer: Washington Naval Treaty of 1922
Question: What type of aircraft carriers did these ship conversions give rise to in 1927?
Answer: Lexington-class
Question: What develpment produced the first small fleet ships?
Question: What was the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering civilian aircraft?
Question: What did the Washington Naval Treaty of 1920 limit?
Question: What caused modern aircraft carriers to be made up of conversions of ships that were previously cargo ships, cruisers or battlecruisers?
Question: What type of aircraft carriers did these ship conversions give rise to in 1972?
Question: Who developed EMALS?
Answer: General Atomics
Question: What do EMALS enable the launching of?
Answer: varied aircraft including unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV)
Question: Who was impressed by the demonstration of EMALS by General Atomics?
Answer: Indian Navy officers
Question: How many in-service aircraft carriers are aimed for with EMALS?
Answer: three
Question: What does MEALS stand for?
Question: Who didn't develop EMALS?
Question: What do EMALS disable the launching of?
Question: Who wasn't impressed by the demonstration of EMALS by General Atomics?
Question: How many out of service aircraft carriers are aimed for with EMALS?
Question: What was the August 2013 launching ceremony in Yokohama held for?
Answer: Japan's largest military ship since World War II
Question: How many helicopters can simultaneously land on Japan's largest military ship?
Answer: five
Question: How long is Japan's largest military ship?
Answer: 820-foot-long (250 m)
Question: How many troops can Japan's largest military ship carry?
Answer: 400
Question: How much does Japan's largest military ship weigh?
Answer: 19,500-ton
Question: What was the August 2013 launching ceremony in Toyko held for?
Question: How many helicopters can simultaneously land on China's largest military ship?
Question: How long is Japan's largest civilian ship?
Question: How many troops can Japan's smallest military ship carry?
Question: How much does Japan's smallest military ship weigh?
Question: What will some of the current US fleet of Nimitz-class carriers be replaced with?
Answer: the ten-ship Gerald R. Ford class
Question: Which feature of the new ships will replace the old steam catapults?
Answer: Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS)
Question: When is the USS Enterprise scheduled to be decommissioned?
Answer: 2016
Question: How much does the Gerald R. Ford-class carrier weigh?
Answer: 100,000 ton
Question: How much does the America-class amphibious assault ship weigh?
Answer: 45,000 ton
Question: What will some of the current UN fleet of Nimitz-class carriers be replaced with?
Question: Which feature of the new ships will replace the old nuclear catapults?
Question: When is the USS Enterprise scheduled to be commissioned?
Question: How much does the Harrison R. Ford-class carrier weigh?
Question: How much does the America-class amphibious peace ship weigh?
Question: What type of aircraft have no need to decelerate?
Answer: VTOL-capable or helicopters
Question: What does the angled deck separate the recovery operation area from?
Answer: the launch area
Question: What does V/STOL refer to?
Answer: aircraft capable of vertical or short take-off and landing
Question: What capability do helicopters use to move over the flight deck and land vertically?
Answer: hover
Question: What don't helicopters need because of having hover capablility?
Answer: arresting gear
Question: What type of aircraft have no need to accelerate?
Question: What does the non-angled deck separate the recovery operation area from?
Question: What does V/STOL not refer to?
Question: What capability do helicopters use to move over the flight deck and land horizontally?
Question: What don't planes need because of having hover capablility?
Question: What feature was pioneered on the HMS Hermes in 1923?
Answer: an island
Question: What is concentrated in the small area called an island?
Answer: The superstructure of a carrier
Question: Other than Japanese carriers, which side of the flight deck are islands typically built on?
Answer: starboard
Question: What was the biggest drawback to the flush deck configuration?
Answer: management of the exhaust from the power plant
Question: What was a major issue in the USS Langley?
Answer: Fumes coming across the deck
Question: What feature was pioneered on the HMS Hermes in 1932?
Question: What is concentrated in the large area called an island?
Question: Other than Chinese carriers, which side of the flight deck are islands typically built on?
Question: What was the biggest advantage to the flush deck configuration?
Question: What was a minor issue in the USS Langley?
Question: What is the name of the 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered carrier commissioned in 2001?
Answer: Charles de Gaulle
Question: What is the Charles de Gaulle the flagship of?
Answer: the French Navy
Question: What type of missiles does the Charles de Gaulle carry?
Answer: Aster
Question: What is another name for the French Navy?
Answer: Marine Nationale
Question: What type of carrier is the Charles de Gaulle?
Answer: CATOBAR
Question: What is the name of the 24,000 tonne nuclear-powered carrier commissioned in 2001?
Question: What is the Charles de Gaulle not the flagship of?
Question: What type of lasers does the Charles de Gaulle carry?
Question: What is not another name for the French Navy?
Question: What type of airplane is the Charles de Gaulle?
Question: How many supercarriers did the U.S. fleet have following the deactivation of the USS Enterprise?
Answer: 10
Question: How many new carriers per year did the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommend in 7/24/07?
Answer: one every four years
Question: What class does the USS America belong to?
Answer: America-class amphibious assault ships
Question: What is the USS America capable of destroying squadrons of?
Answer: F-35Bs
Question: Which other carrier joins the USS America in active service?
Answer: USS Tripoli
Question: How many supercarriers did the U.N. fleet have following the deactivation of the USS Enterprise?
Question: How many old carriers per year did the House Armed Services Seapower subcommittee recommend in 7/24/07?
Question: What class doesn't the USS America belong to?
Question: What is the USS America incapable of destroying squadrons of?
Question: Which other carrier joins the USS America in unactive service?
Question: Why have aircraft carriers increased in size since World War II?
Answer: to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size
Question: How much more displacement does the modern Nimitz class have compared to the older USS Enterprise?
Answer: nearly four times
Question: Why do nations risk significant political impacts if a carrier is lost or even used in conflict?
Answer: Today's aircraft carriers are so expensive
Question: Which era does the USS Enterprise belong to?
Answer: World War II
Question: Why have aircraft carriers increased in size since World War I?
Question: How much more displacement does the modern Nimitz class have compared to the newer USS Enterprise?
Question: Why do nations risk minimal political impacts if a carrier is lost or even used in conflict?
Question: Which era does the USA Enterprise belong to?
Question: Today's aircraft carriers are so cheap that nations which operate them risk what?
Question: Who does a conventional aircraft rely upon to moniter the aircraft's approach and transmit the data to the pilot?
Answer: a landing signal officer
Question: What did LSO's use to signal corrections to the pilot prior to the angled deck designs introduced in the 1950's?
Answer: colored paddles
Question: Which visual landing aids have provided information on proper glide slope since the late 1950's?
Answer: Optical Landing System
Question: What are LSO's still being used to do?
Answer: transmit voice calls to approaching pilots by radio
Question: What does OSL stand for?
Question: Who does a non-conventional aircraft rely upon to moniter the aircraft's approach and transmit the data to the pilot?
Question: What did LSO's use to signal corrections to the pilot prior to the angled deck designs introduced in the 1960's?
Question: Which visual landing aids have provided information on proper glide slope since the late 1940's?
Question: What are LSO's no longer being used to do?
Question: What is a more fuel efficient way for STOVL aircraft to take off rather than vertically?
Answer: using the ramp and a running start
Question: What kind of aircraft are capable of taking off vertically?
Answer: STOVL
Question: What landing aircraft have removed the need for arresting cables?
Answer: vertical
Question: What do Russian carriers include for launching lightly loaded conventional fighters?
Answer: a ski-jump ramp
Question: What do Russian carriers still use to recover?
Answer: traditional carrier arresting cables and a tailhook on their aircraft
Question: What is a less fuel efficient way for STOVL aircraft to take off rather than vertically?
Question: What kind of aircraft are capable of taking off horizontally?
Question: What landing aircraft have included the need for arresting cables?
Question: What do Russian carriers include for launching heavily loaded conventional fighters?
Question: What do Russian carriers no longer use to recover?
Question: Who is the Sao Paulo currently in service for?
Answer: the Brazilian Navy
Question: Who was the Sao Paulo first commissioned by in 1963?
Answer: the French Navy
Question: What did Sao Paulo undergo during the period from 2005-2010?
Answer: extensive modernization
Question: What setback happened to Sao Paula in 2012?
Answer: another major fire
Question: What class carrier is the Pao Saulo?
Question: Who is the Sao Paulo currently out of service for?
Question: Who was the Sao Paulo first commissioned by in 1936?
Question: What didn't Sao Paulo undergo during the period from 2005-2010?
Question: What advancement happened to Sao Paula in 2012?
Question: What type of carrier is Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov?
Answer: STOBAR
Question: When was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov first launched?
Answer: in 1985
Question: What was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov renamed?
Answer: Tbilisi
Question: What is unique about Tbilisi?
Answer: carrying a heavy cruiser's complement of defensive weapons and large P-700 Granit offensive missiles
Question: What will be removed from Tbilisi in order to enlarge her below decks aviation facilities?
Answer: The P-700 systems
Question: What type of airplane is Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov?
Question: When was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov last launched?
Question: What was Admiral Florida Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov renamed?
Question: What is mundane about Tbilisi?
Question: What will be added from Tbilisi in order to enlarge her below decks aviation facilities?
Question: Which class of aircraft carriers is being constructed to replace the Invincible-class carriers?
Answer: Queen Elizabeth
Question: What will the displacement be for the HMS Queen Elizabeth?
Answer: 70,600 tonnes
Question: When is HMS Queen Elizabeth projected to commission?
Answer: in 2017
Question: When is Prince of Wales projected to commission?
Answer: in about 2020
Question: Who is building HMS Queen Elizabeth and Prince of Wales?
Answer: Royal Navy
Question: Which class of aircraft carriers is being deconstructed to replace the Invincible-class carriers?
Question: What will the displacement be for the SMH Queen Elizabeth?
Question: When is HMS Queen Elizabeth projected to end?
Question: When is Prince of Wales projected to end?
Question: Who is buying HMS Queen Elizabeth and Prince of Wales?
Question: When did two whisleblowers allege that Boutris  attempted to ground Southwest Airlines?
Answer: 2007
Question: How many planes did the FAA managers allow to fly in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections?
Answer: 46
Question: How much did the FAA propose to fine Southwest for failing to inspect older planes?
Answer: $10.2 million
Question: What former chairman of the committee said it's investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse?
Answer: Jim Oberstar
Question: How many planes were allowed to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety regulations?
Answer: 117
Question: Why did Boutris say Peters attempted to ground Southwest?
Question: How many aircrafts were operated commercially that were in compliance with FAA safety rules?
Question: How much did Southwest pay in penalties for not adopting new safety procedures?
Question: How many other airlines were audited?
Question: When did the aftermath of the Southwest Airlines inspection scandal happen?
Answer: July 22, 2008
Question: who approved a mesaure to tigheten regulations concerning airplane maintenance prodecures?
Answer: House
Question: What does the word 'customer' properly apply to?
Answer: the flying public
Question: how long was the "cooling off" period that the FAA inspectors or supervisers of inspectors must wait before they can work for those they regulate?
Answer: two-year
Question: When did the Senate approve a bill to tighten regulations concerning airplane maintenance procedures?
Question: What was the two year "cooling off" period for whistleblowers for?
Question: What did the bill require entities regulated by the FAA be called?
Question: When did the unanimous decision of the house and senate to pass the bill take place?
Question: What epidemic did the FAA have to handle in the 1960s?
Answer: hijacking
Question: Who now takes responsibility for aviation security?
Answer: Department of Homeland Security
Question: When did the FAA become more involved with the environmental aspects of aviation?
Answer: 1968
Question: When was legislation passed that gave the agency management of a new airport aide program?
Answer: 1970
Question: What is the altitude which the FAA regulates over?
Answer: 500 feet
Question: When did the FAA start to regulate low altitude kite and balloon flying?
Question: What epidemic in the 60's cause aviation security to be taken over by Homeland?
Question: Whne did Homeland become more involved with the environmental aspects of aviation?
Question: When did the Faa receive the power to set watercraft noise standards?
Question: When did the CAA begin to exptend it's ATC responsibilities?
Answer: World War II
Question: What helped ATC controllers in their drive ot keep ahead of the postwar boom in commercial air transportation?
Answer: radar
Question: When did Congress give the CAA the task of administering the federal-air airport program?
Answer: 1946
Question: What did the federal-aid airport program aim to help develop?
Answer: civil airports
Question: When did America enter World War II?
Question: When did the CAA begin to extend it's ATC responsibilities at military airports?
Question: What was the first wartime program of financial assistance  aimed at promoting the development of civil airports?
Question: When did congress extend it's ATC responsibilities to takeoff and landing operations at airports?
Question: When did radar technology become permanent?
Question: When did the agency acheive a semi-automated air traffic control system?
Answer: mid-1970s
Question: When was the Airline Deregulation act?
Answer: 1978
Question: When did the nationwide strike by air traffic controlers union happen?
Answer: 1981
Question: when did the FAA shift to a more step-by-step approach to providing air traffic controllers with more advanced equipment?
Answer: 1994
Question: What helped operate radar in the new air-traffic control system?
Answer: computer technology
Question: When did the agency achieve fully automated air traffic control systems?
Question: When was airline deregulation phased out?
Question: What was the act that phased out airline deregulation?
Question: When was the nationwide strike that forced flight restrictions but failed to shutdown the aerospace system?
Question: What type of enhancement did the air traffic control system get to keep up with air traffic growth?
Question: Who was charged with fostering air commerce?
Answer: Secretary of Commerce
Question: What new branch was created and operates under the Department of Commerce?
Answer: Aeronautics Branch
Question: Who assumed primary responsibility for aviation oversight?
Answer: Aeronautics Branch
Question: Who was responsible for operating and maintaining aids to air navigation?
Answer: Secretary of Commerce
Question: Who passed the Air Commerce Act?
Question: Who was charged with fostering aviation oversight?
Question: Who believed the airplane could not reach its federal potential without legislation?
Question: Who was charged with the fostering of manufacturing planes?
Question: What department did the Aeronautic Branch create?
Question: when was the Federal Aviation Act passed?
Answer: 1958
Question: What agency would now act like the CAA?
Answer: Federal Aviation Agency
Question: Who did the Federal Aviation Act transfer air safety regulation from?
Answer: CAB
Question: Who was the FAA's first administrator?
Answer: Elwood R. Quesada
Question: Who did President Eisenhower appoint as the FAA's first administrator?
Question: What prompted the the legislation act of 1956?
Question: What legislation gave the CAAs function to the government body, the FAA?
Question: Who was the former general to President Eisenhower?
Question: The approaching era of air traffic control prompted passage of what act?
Question: When did the FAA decide to expand passengers use of portable elctronic devices during all phases of flight?
Answer: October 31, 2013
Question: What mode must mobile phones be put into?
Answer: airplane mode
Question: What phases of flight will passengers be able to use electronic devices?
Answer: all phases
Question: Where must devices be put during actual takeoff and landing?
Answer: seat-back pocket
Question: Are short-range bluetooth accessories able to be used?
Answer: can also be used.
Question: When did the FAA begin to allow mobile phone calls during flights?
Question: What paper criticized Nick Bilton?
Question: Who made regulations that phones must not be in airplane mode, with mobile service enabled and bars displayed?
Question: What must be in back pants pocket during takeoff and landing?
Question: When did the US DOT combine major federal responsibilities for air and surface transport?
Answer: 1967
Question: What did the Federal Aviation Agency change it's name to?
Answer: Federal Aviation Administration
Question: Who would the FAA administrator report to?
Answer: Secretary of Transportation
Question: Who approves new programs and budget requests?
Answer: DOT
Question: Who is the final person to approve the budget that is submitted?
Answer: president
Question: What did the Federal Aviation Agency change it's name from?
Question: Who would the secretary of transport report to instead of the FAA?
Question: What agencies combined to make the Federal Aviation Administration?
Question: Who did the secretary of transportation send budget requests to to be approved?
Question: When was the Aeronautics Branch renamed?
Answer: 1934
Question: When did the Buerau take over and begin to expant the ATC system?
Answer: 1936
Question: What were the people who used maps, blackboards, and mental calculation to ensure the safe separation of aircraft traveling between cities called?
Answer: air traffic controllers
Question: What was the Bureau of Air Commerce renamed to?
Question: When did the bureau create the first air traffic control centers?
Question: When was the Aeronautics branch renamed to reflect it's decreased status?
Question: What did the bureau used to ensure the safe travels of aircraft?
Question: As personal flying increased, what did the Bureau establish?
Question: When did the FAA change it's long-standing approach to air traffic control candidates?
Answer: 2014
Question: What was now favored instead of training and experince at flight schools?
Answer: personality test
Question: Who could be an air traffic controller irrespective of experience now because of the rule change?
Answer: anyone
Question: What did applicants now take that many of them found baffling?
Answer: biographical questionnaire
Question: What kind of degree do you need to be considered?
Question: When did the agency switch to a system where people could be "fast-tracked" for consideration?
Question: How did applicants find the biological questionnaire?
Question: Who switched to an open system for candidates who completed the coursework at participating colleges?
Question: What retired NASA Office of inspector general is outspoken about the FAA?
Answer: Joseph Gutheinz
Question: How much do penalties against airlines cost per violation?
Answer: $25,000
Question: A heavy penalty for violating FAA reulations could said to be do what?
Answer: impact their ability to continue operating
Question: What did the agency propose to find Southwest Airlines?
Answer: $10.2 million
Question: Who used to be the Inspector General for the Department of Transportation?
Question: When did Joseph Gutheinz commend the agency for proposing a $10.2 million fine against Southwest?
Question: Who said penalties against airlines that violate FAA directives should be $25,000?
Question: What would be considered encouraging aerospace travel?
Question: When did Southwest conduct mandatory inspections.
Question: In what year did Blackpool and Blackburn become independent unitary authorities?
Answer: 1998
Question: In what year was Simonswood transferred from Knowsley to West Lancashire
Answer: 1994
Question: Which places were added to the new county of Cheshire?
Answer: Warrington and Widnes
Question: Where were the boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, St Helens and Sefton included?
Answer: Merseyside
Question: Which parish was transferred from Knowsley to the district of West Lancashire?
Answer: Simonswood
Question: Besides Greater Manchester, to what other county was a part of Oldham incorporated into?
Question: In what year was Liverpool made a part of Merseyside?
Question: In what year was Skipton Rural District made part of Lancashire?
Question: In addition to Greater Manchester, part of Tameside became a portion of what other county?
Question: When was Sefton included as part of Merseyside?
Question: When did the administrative boundaries for the Duchy of Lancaster change?
Answer: 1970s
Question: What is the Duchy of Lancaster?
Answer: one of two royal duchies in England
Question: What does the Duchy of Lancaster operate as?
Answer: a property company
Question: Who are appointed within the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancater?
Answer: High Sheriffs
Question: Who exercises the right of the Crown in the County Palatine of Lancaster?
Answer: The Duchy of Lancaster
Question: In what decade was the County Palatine of Lancaster established?
Question: What is the other royal duchy of England beyond the Duchy of Lancaster?
Question: When was the Duchy of Lancaster established?
Question: What county lies to the east of Lancashire?
Question: How many state schools are in Lancashire?
Answer: 77
Question: How many independant schools are in Lancashire?
Answer: 24
Question: Who has the largest school population?
Answer: South Ribble
Question: Who has the smallest school population?
Answer: Fylde
Question: How many sixth form colleges are there in Lancashire?
Question: How many schools are there in total in the Clitheroe area?
Question: What's the size of the South Ribble school population?
Question: In what year was the Church of England established?
Question: How many Catholic faith schools are there in Lancashire?
Question: What years did the Lancashire League competition run from?
Answer: 1895 to 1970
Question: Which county was once the focal point for many professional competitions?
Answer: Lancashire
Question: Which year was the Lancashire County Cup abandoned?
Answer: 1993
Question: What year did Rugby League start?
Answer: 1895
Question: when were the first games played in the St Helens super league?
Question: When was the first Lancashire County Cup held?
Question: How many rugby teams are there in Lancashire?
Question: What super league do the Blackpool Panthers play in?
Question: In what super league do the Chorley Panthers play in?