huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question:  What city did William Eaton befriend to end the first Barbary War?
Question: What was the Confederate overall strategy to win the Civil War?
Answer: getting Britain and France to intervene
Question: What was the Union's original war aim?
Answer: capturing the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia
Question: Who led the Confederate forces defending Richmond throughout the war?
Answer: Robert E. Lee
Question: How did the war effect both sides?
Answer: the material and personnel of the South were used up, while the North prospered
Question: What was the Confederate overall strategy to lose the Civil War?
Question:  What wasn't the Union's original war aim?
Question: Who led the Confederate forces not defending Richmond throughout the war?
Question:  How didn't the war effect both sides?
Question: When in the 19th century was the US navy modernized?
Answer: the 1880s
Question: What replaced the older sailing ships in the navy?
Answer: modern steel battleships
Question: By what name was the US fleet known at the start of the 20th Century?
Answer: the Great White Fleet
Question: Who ordered this fleet to sail around the world?
Answer: President Theodore Roosevelt
Question: What was the purpose of this order?
Answer: to demonstrate the Navy's capability to extend to the global theater
Question: When in the 19th century was the UK navy modernized?
Question:  What replaced the younger sailing ships in the navy?
Question: By what name was the US fleet known at the start of the 21st Century?
Question:  Who wouldn't let this fleet to sail around the world?
Question:  What was the purpose of this order to be cancelled?
Question: What early 20th century conflict sent tens of thousands of refugees to the US?
Answer: The Mexican Revolution
Question: US forces were sent to occupy what Mexican City during the Revolution?
Answer: Veracruz
Question: What was the name of the Mexican general who attacked an American city in New Mexico?
Answer: Pancho Villa
Question: What foreign organization encouraged Villa's guerilla war against the US?
Answer: The German Secret Service
Question: What US General led troops against Villa?
Answer: General John J. Pershing
Question: What early 21st century conflict sent tens of thousands of refugees to the US?
Question: UK forces were sent to occupy what Mexican City during the Revolution?
Question: What was the name of the Mexican general who attacked an African city in New Mexico?
Question: What foreign organization discouraged Villa's guerilla war against the US?
Question:  What UK General led troops against Villa?
Question: What general sentiment was the result of losses in World War I?
Answer: isolationism
Question: Congress refused to allow the US to join what organization?
Answer: the League of Nations
Question: What legislation was passed to discourage the country from getting involved in a foreign war?
Answer: Neutrality Acts
Question: Which US President sought to circumvent Neutrality acts to aid Britain?
Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt
Question: What was the name of the 1940 program to send arms to Britain?
Answer: the Lend-Lease Act
Question:  What general sentiment was the result of losses in World War II?
Question:  Congress refused to allow the UK to join what organization?
Question: What legislation was passed to encourage the country from getting involved in a foreign war?
Question: Which UK President sought to circumvent Neutrality acts to aid Britain?
Question:  What was the name of the 1940 program to send arms to Ireland?
Question: How many Americans served in the military in World War II?
Answer: Over 16 million
Question: How many American service personnel died in World War II?
Answer: 400,000
Question: What other country besides the United States became a super power after World War II?
Answer: the Soviet Union
Question: What name is given to those Americans who served in World War II?
Answer: the Greatest Generation
Question: Both during and after the conclusion of  World War II, the United States formed a firm alliance with what country?
Answer: Britain
Question:  How many Americans served in the military in World War I?
Question:  How many American service personnel died in World War I?
Question:  What other country besides the UK became a super power after World War II?
Question: What name is given to those Americans who served in World War I?
Question:  Both during and after the conclusion of World War I, the United States formed a firm alliance with what country?
Question: The policy of containment in Asia was aimed at what ideology?
Answer: Communism
Question: What was the psychological turning point of the war?
Answer: The Tet Offensive
Question: When did this offensive take place? 
Answer: 1968
Question: When were US forces withdrawn from Vietnam?
Answer: 1973
Question: The policy of supplying arms and war materiel for the Vietnamese to fight their own war was called what?
Answer: "Vietnamization,"
Question: The policy of containment in Korea was aimed at what ideology?
Question:  What was the sociological turning point of the war?
Question: When did this defense take place?
Question:  When were US forces withdrawn from China?
Question: The policy of supplying arms and war materiel for the Chinese to fight their own war was called what?
Question: What colony was placed under martial law?
Answer: Massachusetts
Question: What were the first conflicts of the American Revolution?
Answer: Lexington and Concord
Question: Who appointed Washington to serve as commander in chief?
Answer: The Continental Congress
Question: When did the colonies declare independence?
Answer: July 4, 1776
Question: When did Britain declare martial law in a South American colony?
Question: What colony wasn't placed under martial law?
Question:  What were the second conflicts of the American Revolution?
Question:  Who rejected Washington to serve as commander in chief?
Question:  When did the colonies declare dependence?
Question: What quality made the US only a minor military power after the Revolutionary War?
Answer: having only a modest army
Question: Why was the US military so small initially?
Answer: A traditional distrust of standing armies
Question: The founding fathers had faith in what military groups?
Answer: local militia
Question: What did early American leaders worry a large standing army would involve America in?
Answer: foreign wars
Question: Early leaders also feared a large army would allow what internal conflict to take place?
Answer: a domestic tyrant to seize power
Question: What quality made the US a major military power after the Revolutionary War?
Question:  Why was the US military so large initially?
Question:  The founding fathers had no faith in what military groups?
Question:  What did early American leaders worry a large standing army would involve Africa in?
Question:  Early leaders also feared a small army would allow what internal conflict to take place?
Question: What two tribes particularly resisted being confined to reservations?
Answer: the Sioux and Comanche
Question: What caused a spike in difficulties between settlers and indigenous peoples on the western plains after the Civil War?
Answer: population expansion, railroad construction, and the disappearance of the buffalo herds
Question: Who were two of the military leaders tasked with overseeing American policy of putting Indians on reservations?
Answer: William Tecumseh Sherman and Philip Sheridan
Question: When was the Battle of Little Big Horn fought?
Answer: 1876
Question: What US officer led the troops who were destroyed at Little Big Horn?
Answer: Col. George Armstrong Custer
Question: What two tribes particularly resisted being not confined to reservations?
Question: What caused a spike in difficulties between settlers and indigenous peoples on the eastern plains after the Civil War?
Question:  Who were two of the military leaders tasked with overseeing African policy of putting Indians on reservations?
Question:  When was the Battle of Big Little Horn fought?
Question: hat US officer led the troops who were destroyed at Big Little Horn?
Question: What naval officer developed new doctrines for gunnery at the turn of the 20th Century?
Answer: Rear Admiral Bradley A. Fiske
Question: What aircraft did Fiske call for the development of?
Answer: torpedo plane
Question: What assistant naval secretary did Fiske serve under?
Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt
Question: When did Fiske propose his reforms to the way the Navy operated?
Answer: 1913–15
Question: What naval officer developed old doctrines for gunnery at the turn of the 21st Century?
Question:  What aircraft did Fiske call for the dissolvement of?
Question:  What assistant naval secretary did Fiske serve over?
Question:  When did Fiske propose his reforms to the way the Army operated?
Question: What was the name given to American soldiers in Europe in 1918?
Answer: doughboys
Question: What was the official name of the American army that went to fight in Europe in 1918?
Answer: American Expeditionary Forces
Question: Who had overall command of the American forces in Europe?
Answer: John J. Pershing
Question: When did fighting on the western front end?
Answer: November 11, 1918
Question: What was the name of the conditional surrender that ended fighting on the western front?
Answer: the Armistice
Question: What was the name given to African soldiers in Europe in 1918?
Question: What was the official name of the American army that went to fight in Asia in 1918?
Question:  Who had overall command of the African forces in Europe?
Question:  When did fighting on the eastern front end?
Question:  What was the name of the conditional surrender that ended fighting on the eastern front?
Question: What was the American priority in mobilization prior to entering World War II?
Answer: air power
Question: When did the US officially enter World War II?
Answer: 8 December 1941
Question: What event led to America entering the war?
Answer: the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Question: At the start of the conflict with the Allies, what did Japan do?
Answer: seized American, Dutch, and British possessions across the Pacific and Southeast Asia
Question: What country served as an American forward base to wage war with Japan?
Answer: Australia
Question: What was the American priority in mobilization prior to entering World War I?
Question:  When did the US officially enter World War I?
Question:  What event led to Africa entering the war?
Question:  At the start of the conflict with the Allies, what did England do?
Question:  What country served as an African forward base to wage war with Japan?
Question: When was the Vietnam War fought?
Answer: between 1959 and 1975
Question: Besides Vietnam, what other countries saw fighting in this war?
Answer: Cambodia and Laos
Question: What was the name of the strategic bombing of North Vietnam?
Answer: Operation Rolling Thunder
Question: When did American military involvement ramp up in Vietnam?
Answer: 1964
Question: What congressional declaration gave President Johnson authority to send troops to Vietnam?
Answer: the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Question:  When was the Chinese War fought?
Question:  Besides China, what other countries saw fighting in this war?
Question:  What was the name of the bombing of South Korea?
Question:  When did American military involvement ramp up in China?
Question:  What congressional declaration gave President Johnson authority to send troops to China?
Question: Some observers thought that the Persian Gulf War would have tank battles similar to what war?
Answer: North Africa during World War II
Question: What conflict was supposed to have provided Iraqi forces with battle experience?
Answer: 8 years of war with Iran
Question: What equipment did the Iraqi army possess?
Answer: late model Soviet tanks and jet fighters
Question: Prior to the Persian Gulf War, where and when was the last major American military conflict?
Answer: Vietnam nearly 20 years earlier
Question: What problem did the Iraqi forces have?
Answer: the antiaircraft weapons were crippled
Question: ome observers thought that the Chinese Gulf War would have tank battles similar to what war?
Question: What conflict was supposed to have provided Iranian forces with battle experience?
Question:  What equipment did the Iranian army possess?
Question: Prior to the Persian Gulf War, where and when was the last major African military conflict?
Question:  What problem did the Iranian forces have?
Question: What legal ethos does ISIL operate under?
Answer: Sharia law
Question: What actions did ISIL take against Western journalists and aid workers?
Answer: kidnapping and decapitation
Question: How did the US intervene against ISIL?
Answer: airstrikes in Iraq over ISIL held territories
Question: What was the goal of US and coalition airstrikes in Syria?
Answer: degrading and destroying ISIL and Al-Nusra-held territory
Question:  What organization captured significant segments of Iran and Syria?
Question:  What illegal ethos does ISIL operate under?
Question: What actions did ISIL take against Eastern journalists and aid workers?
Question:  How did the UK intervene against ISIL?
Question:  What was the goal of UK and coalition airstrikes in Syria?
Question: What classic song did Blue Cheer cover?
Answer: "Summertime Blues"
Question: What was the hit off Steppenwolf's self-titled debut lp?
Answer: "Born to Be Wild"
Question: What movie featured that Steppenwolf single?
Answer: Easy Rider
Question: The lyrics to "Born To Be Wild" contain the first reference to what hard rock style?
Answer: heavy metal
Question: What Blue Cheer classic was duplicated by Eddie Cochran?
Question: What song was not included in the 1968 debut album Vincebus Eruptum?
Question: What LA based band released a distorted cover of Summertime Blues?
Question: When did Vanilla Fudge release Born to be Wild?
Question: What song was used in the film Easy Rider in 1965?
Question: What are the first three Rush albums?
Answer: Rush, Fly by Night and Caress of Steel
Question: What nationality was Thin Lizzy?
Answer: Irish
Question: What was Thin Lizzy's hit single?
Answer: "The Boys Are Back in Town"
Question: The Scorpions hailed from what country?
Answer: Germany
Question: What British band released the album Rush in 1974?
Question: What sound did the band Rush move toward in the 1976 album Caress of Steel?
Question: When did the American band Lizzy moved to Ireland?
Question: Which song by Lizzy reached number 8 on the US charts in 1976?
Question: Who did Iron Maiden work with to re-introduce blues into hard rock music?
Question: What is the title of Bon Jovi's third lp?
Answer: Slippery When Wet
Question: How many copies did this record sell?
Answer: 12 million
Question: What was the band Europe's international hit?
Answer: The Final Countdown
Question: What was Van Halen's 1986 album called?
Answer: 5150
Question: Who was the new lead singer for Van Halen on 5150?
Answer: Sammy Hagar
Question: What was Bon Jovi's second album?
Question: Which Bon Jovi album spent 10 weeks on top of the Billboard 200 charts?
Question: What group from England released The Final Countdown in 1986?
Question: What album by Europe reached number nine in ten countries besides the US?
Question: Which album did Van Halen release in 1986 which was the second album to feature Sammy Hagar as lead vocal singer?
Question: What Aerosmith ballad debuted at number one on the charts?
Answer: "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing"
Question: What was the title of AC/DC's 1995 double lp?
Answer: Ballbreaker
Question: Bon Jovi's 1995 album was called what?
Answer: These Days
Question: What commercially successful sub-genre emerged from the grunge movement?
Answer: post-grunge
Question: When did Aerosmith's album Get A Grip come out?
Answer: 1993
Question: What Aerosmith album did not succeed in 1993?
Question: When did AC/DC release their number one hit I don't Want to Miss a Thing?
Question: What AC/DC album in 1995 became a muti-platinum seller?
Question: Which Bon Jovi 1995 album was a bigger hit in the US than in Europe?
Question: Who emulated the attitudes of punk bands?
Question: What are two examples of glam metal bands?
Answer: Bon Jovi and Def Leppard
Question: What two genres cut into hard rock's popularity at the end of the 1980s and early 1990s?
Answer: grunge and later Britpop
Question: What were some hard rock bands of the 1970s?
Answer: Led Zeppelin, The Who, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC and Van Halen
Question: What style did some hard rock bands embrace in the 1980s?
Answer: pop rock
Question: When did soft rock become a major form of popular music?
Question: Which band became popular in the 1960s?
Question: When did some bands move from pop rock to hard rock?
Question: What band made a come back in the mid-1990s?
Question: When did hard rock replace grunge and Britpop?
Question: Who recorded "Rumble"?
Answer: Link Wray
Question: When was "Rumble" released?
Answer: 1958
Question: What were two of Dick Dale's better known songs?
Answer: "Let's Go Trippin'" (1961) and "Misirlou" (1962)
Question: What city's blues style produced hard rock precursors in electric blues?
Answer: Memphis
Question: What type of music known as the roots of hard rock was started in the 1940s?
Question: What is a key element that hard rock used to lay roots for electric blues music?
Question: What did the electric blues guitarists avoid using from the hard rock genre?
Question: Who was the Memphis hard rock guitarist known for using power chords?
Question: Who wrote "Misirlou" in 1961?
Question: What was the landmark hard rock album recorded by the Rolling Stones in 1972?
Answer: Exile on Main St.
Question: Which Led Zeppelin album featured the hit "Stairway to Heaven"?
Answer: Led Zeppelin IV
Question: What two hard rock songs are featured on Deep Purple's Machine Head album?
Answer: "Highway Star" and "Smoke on the Water"
Question: Who was Deep Purple's guitarist?
Answer: Ritchie Blackmore
Question: Who was the drummer for The Who?
Answer: Keith Moon
Question: What Rolling Stones album got rave reviews in 1972?
Question: Who said of the album Exile on Main St.; it was not the Rolling Stones finest album?
Question: What year did Led Zeppelin move to folk music to get away from hard rock?
Question: What year was the song Stairway to Heaven by Deep Purple produced?
Question: When did David Coverdale form the band Rainbow?
Question: Who was the original lead singer of AC/DC who died?
Answer: Bon Scott
Question: Who was the Led Zeppelin drummer who passed away?
Answer: John Bonham
Question: What singer replaced Ozzy Osbourne in Black Sabbath?
Answer: Ronnie James Dio
Question: What was Ozzy Osbourne's first solo album?
Answer: Blizzard of Ozz
Question: What are some thrash metal bands?
Answer: Metallica, Anthrax, Megadeth and Slayer
Question: When was Bon Scott born?
Question: What band was lead singer John Bonham from?
Question: Who quit the band Led Zeppelin to move to another band?
Question: What AC/DC album became the fifth highest selling album in the US?
Question: What solo album did Randy Rhoads release in 1980?
Question: Guns N Roses released both Use Your Illusion albums in what year?
Answer: 1991
Question: What band's debut was titled Shake Your Money Maker?
Answer: The Black Crowes
Question: What was the title of Def Leppard's 1992 album?
Answer: Adrenalize
Question: Adrenalize followed what 1987 Def Leppard record?
Answer: Hysteria
Question: Adrenalize topped US album charts for how long?
Answer: five weeks
Question: In which decade did hard rock see a decline of dominance in commercial music?
Question: What year did Ozzy Osbourne release Unlawful Carnal Knowledge?
Question: What was The Black Crowes second album?
Question: Which Def Leppard 1987 album held the number one spot in the British charts for five weeks?
Question: Which 1990 Def Leppard album sold five million copies in 1990?
Question: The Sword, High on Fire, Witchcraft and Wolfmother are all examples of what hard rock sub-genre?
Answer: retro-metal
Question: What is the title of Airbourne's debut lp?
Answer: Runnin' Wild
Question: Glam metal band Steel Panther is from what city?
Answer: Los Angeles
Question: What are some Swedish sleaze metal revivalist bands?
Answer: Vains of Jenna, Hardcore Superstar and Crashdïet
Question: What type of hard rock music is based in Texas and California?
Question: Which band that debut in 2005 sang songs written by Deep Purple and Led Zeppelin?
Question: What album did AC/DC produce in 2007 that displayed their hard riffing tradition?
Question: What album from 2003 was described as a simulation of 70s metal and 80s glam?
Question: What country was a serious attempt to revive punk rock attempted?
Question: Who were three Chicago blues players who influenced hard rock?
Answer: Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf
Question: Who recorded "You Really Got Me"?
Answer: The Kinks
Question: "Shapes of Things" was a 1966 single by what band?
Answer: The Yardbirds
Question: What garage rock classic was recorded by The Kingsmen?
Answer: "Louie Louie"
Question: When did the Rolling Stones release "(I Can't Get No" Satisfaction"?
Answer: 1965
Question: When did rock bands began to modify rock by using softer sounds?
Question: When did Muddy Waters record the song Louie Louie?
Question: When did The Yardbirds record the song You Really Got Me?
Question: What song did The Kinks record in 1965?
Question: Who was a Chicago blues player who had very little influence on hard rock?
Question: What band did Free lead singer Paul Rodgers help form?
Answer: Bad Company
Question: Bad Company's self titled debut album was released in what year?
Answer: 1974
Question: What nationality was the band Nazareth?
Answer: Scottish
Question: What was Queen's massive 1975 hit single called?
Answer: "Bohemian Rhapsody"
Question: What American act released the song All Right Now?
Question: Which 1970 song by the band Free received no radio airplay in the US?
Question: What 1974 album by Bad Company was an international flop?
Question: What American band released Nazareth in 1971?
Question: What band had the single Bohemian Rhapsody at number one on the US charts for nine weeks?
Question: What sub-genre of hard rock does Def Leppard belong to?
Answer: the New Wave of British Heavy Metal
Question: What was Def Leppard's second album called?
Answer: High 'n' Dry
Question: What were the three Top 40 singles from Def Leppard's Pyromania album?
Answer: "Photograph", "Rock of Ages" and "Foolin'"
Question: What band had the first glam metal album to hit number one on the Billboard charts?
Answer: Quiet Riot
Question: When did Motley Crue's album Shout At The Devil come out?
Answer: 1983
Question: Who is often categorized with the New Wave of American Heavy Metal?
Question: What is the first album released by Def Leppard?
Question: What Def Leppard album reached number two on the British music charts?
Question: When did the band Ratt release their Too Fast for Love album?
Question: What was the name of the 1983 Twisted Sister album that reached number one on the Billboard music charts?
Question: What was the title of Nirvana's 1991 album?
Answer: Nevermind
Question: What was the hard rock style that emerged in the early 1990s?
Answer: grunge
Question: What are some grunge bands with a strong 1970s influence?
Answer: Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Mother Love Bone and Soundgarden
Question: What 1990s hard rock band had a big stadium rock sound?
Answer: Stone Temple Pilots
Question: What element made Oasis unique among 1990s Britpop bands?
Answer: a hard rock sound
Question: Who had success with the soft rock song Nevermind in 1991?
Question: What form of music combined the clean sound of heavy guitar to produce feedback?
Question: What kind of bands were consistent with mainstream hard rock?
Question: What form of music did Stone Temple Pilots turn into mainstream hard rock?
Question: What aesthetics did all grunge bands embrace?
Question: When did the Foo Fighters album In Your Honor come out?
Answer: 2005
Question: Three Days Grace is from what country?
Answer: Canada
Question: The band Jet is from what country?
Answer: Australia
Question: What supergroup featured members of Foo Fighters, Queens of the Stone Age and Led Zeppelin?
Answer: Them Crooked Vultures
Question: What was the title of Buckcherry's 2007 hit single?
Answer: "Sorry"
Question: What 2005 Foo Fighters album reached number one in both the US and UK?
Question: What year did post-grunge bands began to become popular?
Question: What band had considerable commercial success by producing angst and anger?
Question: What Andrew W.K. album went platinum and spawned the single Sorry?
Question: What year did Them Crooked Vultures release a self-titled debut album featuring Jet?
Question: What instrument is usually at the center of a hard rock sound?
Answer: The electric guitar
Question: Rhythm guitar in hard rock usually plays what?
Answer: repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity
Question: In hard rock, an electric guitar can also be used for what?
Answer: a solo lead instrument
Question: What carries the backbeat in hard rock drumming?
Answer: snare
Question: What instrument works in tandem with the drums to provide hard rock rhythms?
Answer: The bass guitar
Question: What instrument is often used in soft rock music?
Question: What is played to keep the music from becoming repetitive?
Question: Which bass drum is used to drive rhythms?
Question: What instrument is used without the drums for hard rock rhythms?
Question: What do the vocals of rock songs try to avoid?
Question: Who was the guitarist in the Kinks?
Answer: Dave Davies
Question: Who played guitar in The Who?
Answer: Pete Townshend
Question: When did The White Album come out?
Answer: 1968
Question: Keith Richards is the guitarist of what band?
Answer: The Rolling Stones
Question: Who was a hard rock act that pioneered the blues sound?
Question: When did The Jeff Beck Group record I Feel Free?
Question: Which artist combined blues rock and psychedelia leaving out elements of jazz?
Question: Who produced a form of psychedelic-influenced blues?
Question: What artist avoided the use of distortion and pioneered new guitar effects?
Question: Tres Hombres is the name of an album by what band?
Answer: ZZ Top
Question: Who was the lead singer of Montrose?
Answer: Sammy Hagar
Question: Kiss' double live album Alive! came out in what year?
Answer: 1975
Question: Who had a hit single with "(Don't Fear) The Reaper"?
Answer: Blue Öyster Cult
Question: What British born singer achieved success with the album School's Out?
Question: Who was the first British rock band to Challenge the American dominance of the hard rock genre?
Question: What band did Alice Cooper mimic?
Question: What year was Toys in the Attic by Blue Oyster Cult produced?
Question: How high on the billboard charts did the song (Don't Fear) The Reaper by Journey reach?
Question: What was the title of Deep Purple's 1980s reunion album?
Answer: Perfect Strangers
Question: What album was Van Halen's commercial high point?
Answer: 1984
Question: In what year did ZZ Top release Eliminator?
Answer: 1983
Question: What band recorded "Keep On Loving You"?
Answer: REO Speedwagon
Question: The hit single "Amanda" was recorded by what band?
Answer: Boston
Question: How many years was Deep Purple performing before producing Perfect Strangers?
Question: What Deep Purple album reached number five on the US music charts?
Question: What Van Halen album from 1982 had somewhat slower sales?
Question: Which Heart album contained 10 number one hits?
Question: What was ZZ Tops successful single produced in 1980?
Question: What was Van Halen's last album with Sammy Hagar?
Answer: Balance
Question: Who was the Guns N Roses drummer who was fired by the band?
Answer: Steven Adler
Question: What former member of Extreme briefly served as the lead singer for Van Halen?
Answer: Gary Cherone
Question: Who was the only original member left in Guns N Roses?
Answer: Axl Rose
Question: Slash left Guns N Roses in what year?
Answer: 1996
Question: Which band found their commercial success much greater after they re-united?
Question: What album by Van Halen released in 1995 did not include Sammy Hagar on vocals?
Question: Who replaced was the replacement for David Lee Roth after he was fired?
Question: What 2004 Van Halen album caused Van Halen to go on tour?
Question: What did the release of Axl Rose's The Spaghetti Incident cause among the band?
Question: By the late 60s, what term was synonymous with hard rock?
Answer: heavy metal
Question: What heavy metal group introduced darker themes to the music?
Answer: Black Sabbath
Question: What genre was an influence on extreme metal in the 1980s?
Answer: hardcore punk
Question: Hard rock is differentiated from heavy metal by containing more of an influence of what genre?
Answer: bluesy
Question: In heavy metal, riffs typically form what element of a song?
Answer: stand-alone melodies
Question: Which term was never used interchangeably with hard rock?
Question: What did hard rock music change to keep it's identity?
Question: What riffs were combined to create swing?
Question: What band had a 1960s break through with an emphasis on darker themes?
Question: Which two genres have never considered to have very much in common?
Question: Led Zeppelin's first two albums both came out in what year?
Answer: 1969
Question: What was the title of Deep Purple's hard rock 1970 album?
Answer: In Rock
Question: Black Sabbath's lyrics contained references to what cultural touchstones?
Answer: occult and elements of Gothic horror
Question: What is the title of Black Sabbath's 1970 album?
Answer: Paranoid
Question: What is one band directly influenced by Black Sabbath?
Answer: Judas Priest
Question: What acid rock album did Led Zeppelin record in 1970?
Question: What group moved from hard rock to progressive rock?
Question: Which group did not achieve a commercial breakthrough in 1970?
Question: Who's lyrics contained elements that warned against the occult?
Question: What year did Judas Priest produced the album Paranoid?
Question: What two genres made inroads on hard rock in the 1970s?
Answer: disco in the US and punk rock in the UK
Question: What punk band's songs rarely exceeded two minutes in length?
Answer: The Ramones
Question: What were three midwestern hard rock bands?
Answer: Kansas, REO Speedwagon and Styx
Question: What city was Van Halen originally from?
Answer: Los Angeles
Question: Which Van Halen instrumental showcased the guitar mastery of Eddie Van Halen?
Answer: "Eruption"
Question: What did hard rock replace as a mainstream genre?
Question: What did the punk band The Ramones embrace as part of their music?
Question: What San Francisco band utilized the skills of guitarist Eddie Van Halen?
Question: What album is the showcase song Van Halen from?
Question: Who was highly influential in creating the popularity of punk and disco music?
Question: How many copies did Whitesnake's 1987 self title album sell?
Answer: 17 million
Question: What was the title of Aerosmith's 1987 comeback album?
Answer: Permanent Vacation
Question: Def Leppard's album Hysteria churned out how many hit singles?
Answer: seven
Question: What Guns N Roses album was the second best selling debut of all time?
Answer: Appetite for Destruction
Question: What Guns N Roses song became a number one single?
Answer: "Sweet Child O' Mine"
Question: What was benefited by the established acts?
Question: By how many albums did Deep Purple outsell Witesnake's self-titled album?
Question: What did Steve Erlwine and Greg Prato call the performance of Deep Purples' song Here I Go Again?
Question: With what song did Motley Crue reach their commercial peak?
Question: What was number one on the Billboard 200 album charts for 20 consecutive weeks in 1988?
Question: What hard rock supergroup contained members of Soundgarden and Rage Against the Machine?
Answer: Audioslave
Question: What was the title of Bon Jovi's 2000 hit single?
Answer: "It's My Life"
Question: What band released an album called Stiff Upper Lip in 2000?
Answer: AC/DC
Question: Who was the lead singer of Stone Temple Pilots?
Answer: Scott Weiland
Question: What was Guns N Roses long delayed 2008 album called?
Answer: Chinese Democracy
Question: Which band beside Bon Jovi were two rock bands that had very little commercial success in the 1970s and 1980s?
Question: What year did Bon Jovi release their album Stiff Upper Lip?
Question: What top 10 album by Heart was released in the early 90s?
Question: What bassist for The Who died in 2006?
Question: What Guns N' Roses album that was released in 2008 was there most successful album to date?
Question: what is the name of the region east of the Rocky Mountains?
Answer: "Great Plains
Question: who brought the term great plains into widespread usage?
Answer: Nevin Fenneman's
Question: what year was Nevin Fenneman's study?
Answer: 1916
Question: what was theregion called before "the great plans"? 
Answer: the High Plains
Question: What region lies east of the 96th or 98th meridian?
Question: Who came up with the term High Plains?
Question: What area of states lie in the Great Plains?
Question: In what century did people start calling what we call the Great Plains the High Plains?
Question: when did ranchers usually have a cattle round up?
Answer: spring and fall
Question: in a cattle round up, what did ranchers do to the new calves?
Answer: branded
Question: from 1866-95 about how many cattle did cowboys herd?
Answer: 10 million
Question: In what year were cattle first left free to roam the Great Plains?
Question: How many cowboys did it take to herd 10 million cattle north?
Question: How many people lived in Dodge City, Kansas in 1866?
Question: Where were the cattle shipped eastward to during the late 1800s?
Question: How many cattle went through Dodge City, Kansas between the years 1866-95?
Question: who was the spanish conquistador who had encounters with europeans and native americans?
Answer: Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
Question: who crossed a section of oklahoma and texas?
Answer: Hernando de Soto
Question: what is the section of oklahoma and texas that  Hernando de Soto traveled?
Answer: the De Soto Trail
Question: who thought the great plains were the locations of Quivira and Cíbola?
Answer: The Spanish
Question: what did the spanish think the cities of Quivira and Cíbola were rich in?
Answer: gold
Question: In what state did Francisco Vazquez de Coronado first encounter Native Americans?
Question: In 1540 Europeans first encountered Native Americans in what state?
Question: In what year did the De Soto Trail gain its name?
Question: What nationality was Hernando de Soto?
Question: In what year did Texas become a state?
Question: what is the name of the line that divides the great plains?
Answer: The 100th meridian
Question: about how much rainfall does the great plains get per year?
Answer: 20 inches
Question: what do high winds in the area sometimes cause?
Answer: dust storms
Question: what type of climate does the eastern great plains fall into?
Answer: humid subtropical climate
Question: What Canadian province lies north of the Great Plains?
Question: What would be a state that lies east of the Great Plains?
Question: What meridian comprises the northern edge of the Great Plains?
Question: What meridian comprises the southern edge of the Great Plains?
Question: How much rain does Northern Alberta get every year?
Question: after about what year did railroads bring hunters to the great plains?
Answer: 1870
Question: what animal did hunters kill off for their hides?
Answer: bison
Question: what farmers rushed in to settle the land with the help of the railroads?
Answer: European farmers
Question: what did the railroads offer the farmers that rushed in to settle the area?
Answer: packages of land and transportation
Question: In what year were the homestead laws passed?
Question: How many towns existed in Kansas in 1950?
Question: How many free farms were doled out overall?
Question: How many cities existed in Kansas as of 2000?
Question: How many bison were killed for their hides?
Question: how much of the population have the rural plains lost since 1920? 
Answer: a third
Question: who declated the American frontier "closed" in 1893?
Answer: Frederick Jackson Turner
Question: how many ghost towns are in the state of Kansas?
Answer: more than 6,000
Question: how much prarie land does the "Buffalo Commons" want to return?
Answer: 139,000 square miles
Question: How many people lives per square mile on the Great Plains in 1900?
Question: In what year was the Great Plains considered "open" to inhabitants and farm activity?
Question: What's the school-age population of Kansas?
Question: In what year was the "Buffalo Commons" proposal made?
Question: How many high schools remain in Kansas?
Question: Who presided over church activities in the Great Plains?
Question: Who did barn raisings at farm on the Great Plains?
Question: Was it men or women that primarily engaged in corn huskings?
Question: Between men and women, who handled most school functions?
Question: what is the large underground layer of water in the great plains called?
Answer: Ogallala Aquifer
Question: what type of irrigation is used in the great plains?
Answer: Center pivot irrigation
Question: When was the last ice age?
Question: In what decade did center pivot irrigation get invented?
Question: In what decade did aquafier depletion begin to outpace the ground's ability to recharge?
Question: In what country was center pivot irrigation invented?
Question: where does the great plains lie?
Answer: west of the Mississippi River
Question: what is the region known for?
Answer: extensive cattle ranching
Question: What lies east of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie states?
Question: What lies west of the Rocky Mountains?
Question: What lies north of the Great Plains?
Question: What lies south of the Great Plains?
Question: Name one of the states the Mississippi River flows through.
Question: what countries is the Commission for Environmental Cooperation made up of?
Answer: Mexican, American, and Canadian governments
Question: What states comprise the Temperate Prairies of the Great Plains?
Question: What states are in the West-Central Semi-Arid Praries?
Question: Which states are in the South-Central Semi-Arid Prairies?
Question: Between the Canadian, American, and Mexican portions of the Great Plains in which area does most of it lie?
Question: what did the railroads make it easy to do?
Answer: ship wheat and other crops
Question: who did the railroads sell cheap lands to?
Answer: immigrants
Question: who two new technologies were introducted in the 1930s?
Answer: sewing and washing machines
Question: In what decade did railroads start to appear in the Great Plains?
Question: In what decade did many women work outdoors on the Great Plains?
Question: In what decade were washing machines introduced?
Question: In what decade did schools start offering home economics courses?
Question: In what decade did the Great Plains start shipping wheat east?
Question: about how long ago did the climate become favorable?
Answer: about 25 million years ago
Question: what animals did the grasslands provide a new home for?
Answer: mammals
Question: what diet did the mammals switch to from browsing diets?
Answer: grazing diets
Question: the spread of grasslands and what have been strongly linked?
Answer: development of grazers
Question: How many years ago did the Cenozoic era start?
Question: In what era did ungulates start eating a browsing diet?
Question: In what era did mammals develop teeth?
Question: In what era did forest biomes start to grow?
Question: When did the Cenozoic era end?
Question: how much land did the Homestead Act allow a person to claim?
Answer: up to 160 acres
Question: how long did the person have to live on the land?
Answer: five years
Question: when was the Kinkaid Act brought about? 
Answer: 1904
Question: the dominion act was passed in what year
Answer: 1871
Question: In what year was the Kinkaid Act repealed?
Question: In what year was the Dominions Lands Act repealed?
Question: In what year did the relatively wet years of the Great Plains end?
Question: What number of people established homestead in Canada?
Question: How many homesteaders failed to establish cultivated land?
Question: Along with industrial and medical, in what applications is infrared radiation used?
Answer: scientific
Question: What technology is used by night-vision devices?
Answer: active near-infrared illumination
Question: What discipline uses infrared telescopes to see through molecular clouds?
Answer: Infrared astronomy
Question: What color shift indicates that space objects date from the early days of the universe?
Answer: red
Question: What devices are used to observe insulated system heat loss?
Answer: Infrared thermal-imaging cameras
Question: What technology allows infrared thermal imaging cameras to observe people or animals without being detected?
Question: What technology is used by night vision devices to observe changing blood flow in the skin?
Question: What science discipline uses infrared thermal-imaging cameras to penetrate dusty regions of space?
Question: Along with industrial and medical, in what applications is infrared astronomy used?
Question: What type of radiation is used to detect heat loss in insulated systems?
Question: At what wavelength does the human eye become significantly less sensitive to light?
Answer: 700 nm
Question: What sort of light is generated by IR lasers?
Answer: near-IR
Question: Up to what wavelength does the human eye perceive IR LED sources as red?
Answer: 780 nm
Question: Up to what wavelength does the human eye perceive certain intense lights as being dull red in color?
Answer: 1050 nm
Question: What objects are notably bright in near IR?
Answer: Leaves
Question: What is the defined boundary between visible and infrared light?
Question: At what wavelength does the human eye perceive red light?
Question: What light is generated by an IR-passing photographic filter?
Question: What objects are hard to see if all visible light leaks are blocked?
Question: What value measures wavelengths as long as 1050?
Question: What is the term for the property that describes how a surface's thermal emissions deviate from the ideal of a black body?
Answer: emissivity
Question: How will the infrared image of an object with a higher emissivity appear in relation to one with lower emissivity?
Answer: hotter
Question: Along with pyrometers, what devices can receive inaccurate results if emissivity is not set correctly?
Answer: infrared cameras
Question: What property describes how a surfaces thermal emissions give inaccurate results when using infrared cameras and pyrometers?
Question: What shows the same image of two objects with differing emissivity?
Question: What ideal shows inaccurate results when using infrared cameras?
Question: How does pre-set emissivity help infrared cameras give accurate results?
Question: How does comparing two differing objects to a black body give you accurate results?
Question: What is the technique that analyzes the constituent bonds of molecules to identify them?
Answer: Infrared vibrational spectroscopy
Question: What happens to a molecule if an oscillation results in a dipole being changed?
Answer: it will absorb a photon that has the same frequency
Question: What do the vibrational frequencies of molecules usually correspond to?
Answer: the frequencies of infrared light
Question: What is the term for light radiation in the 4000–400 cm−1 spectrum?
Answer: the mid-infrared
Question: What technique can be used to identify organic compounds by analysis of their constituent bonds?
Question: A group of chemical bonds in a molecule may have how many modes of oscillation?
Question: What do most vibrations correspond to the frequencies of?
Question: What are multiple modes of oscillation in a spectrum caused by?
Question: What is the amount of absorption a group of atoms will show in cm?
Question: What is used in infrared photography to capture the near-infrared spectrum?
Answer: infrared filters
Question: What devices are often equipped with infrared blockers?
Answer: Digital cameras
Question: What is the technique that involves imaging with terahertz radiation?
Answer: 'T-ray' imaging
Question: What is another name for terahertz radiation?
Answer: far-infrared
Question: What is a notable recent development in T-ray imaging?
Answer: terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Question: What does T-ray imaging use to capture the near-infrared spectrum?
Question: What is a recent development in infrared photography?
Question: What is another name for IR bright areas?
Question: What device uses far-infrared or terahertz radiation?
Question: How do infrared blockers wash out an image?
Question: What technique is used in art to examine underlying layers of a painting without damaging it?
Answer: Infrared reflectography
Question: What shows up particularly well in reflectograms?
Answer: carbon black
Question: What is the term for differences in the painting and underdrawing made by the original artist?
Answer: pentimenti
Question: What painting technique is used to reveal working practices?
Question: What is visible in alterations of paintings?
Question: What is it called when visible layers differ from the reflectogram?
Question: What is useful to show if a painting is original or part of a reflectogram?
Question: With carbon black what is the painting more likely to be?
Question: In what year did Herschel publish his work on infrared radiation?
Answer: 1800
Question: To whom did Herschel present his work on infrared radiation?
Answer: the Royal Society of London
Question: What device did Herschel use to discover the infrared?
Answer: a prism
Question: What did Herschel call the infrared spectrum?
Answer: Calorific Rays
Question: Who discovered spectrum radiation?
Question: When did the term Calorific Rays start to be used?
Question: What did Herschel use to detect light from the sun?
Question: What did Herschel refract from Calorific Rays?
Question: What society did Herschel present his work on the red spectrum?
Question: What percentage of the Earth's heat is derived from the Sun's infrared light?
Answer: 49%
Question: What is the common range of emitted radiation of room temperature objects, in micrometers? 
Answer: 8 to 25
Question: Other than infrared light, what type of light is responsible for heating the Earth?
Answer: visible
Question: What radiation is responsible for 49% of the heating of the Earth?
Question: Other than infrared light, what type of light is responsible for emitting visible radiation?
Question: What type of light or laser will emit radiation concentrated mostly in the 8 to 25 um band?
Question: What type of waves will char paper?
Question: What devices make use of infrared homing?
Answer: Missiles
Question: What is a common name for missiles that make use of infrared seeking?
Answer: heat-seekers
Question: Along with aircraft and people, what objects notably create and retain heat?
Answer: vehicle engines
Question: What does IR stand for?
Answer: infrared
Question: What is another term for heat seekers?
Question: Besides vehicle engines and people what other objects create and retain heat?
Question: What term means to generate heat and is especially visible in infrared wavelengths of light?
Question: What is the term that uses the infrared spectrum that is radiated by hot bodies?
Question: What term describes the spectrum of light that is part of the visible spectrum?
Question: Along with Cirrus, what types of clouds are cold and high?
Answer: Cumulonimbus
Question: What color do Cirrus clouds appear in infrared?
Answer: white
Question: Along with Stratus, what clouds are lower and warmer?
Answer: Stratocumulus
Question: What color are Strarus clouds in infrared?
Answer: grey
Question: What is the range of the near-infrared channel in micrometers?
Answer: 1.58–1.64
Question: Besides cumulonimbus, what types of clouds are lower and warmer?
Question: What ice clouds show up grey in infrared?
Question: What land surface can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land?
Question: What color are lower intermediate clouds on infrared?
Question: What difference allows high clouds to be distinguished?
Question: What limits the sensitivity of infrared telescopes on Earth?
Answer: water vapor in the atmosphere
Question: To somewhat avoid the water vapor in the atmosphere, where can an observatory be sited?
Answer: at a high altitude
Question: Along with aircraft, what object can be used to carry a telescope aloft?
Answer: balloon
Question: What sorts of telescopes completely avoid water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?
Answer: Space telescopes