huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What did Protector say about conquering land?
Question: Who did the Avar envoy slaughter?
Question: An uncertain relationship was held between the Slavs and who?
Answer: the Veneti
Question: The Veneti tribe was located where?
Answer: east of the River Vistula
Question: What name may refer both to Balts and Slavs?
Answer: Veneti
Question: When was the relationship between the Slavs and Veneti uncertain?
Answer: in the Roman period
Question: What were the Slavs east of?
Question: Who did the Balts have an uncomfortable relationship with?
Question: What tribe was to the east of the Slavs?
Question: What did the Roman period refer to?
Question: Slavic-speaking tribes were part of what prior to becoming known to the Roman world?
Answer: multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia
Question: What were some of the multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia?
Answer: the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires
Question: Who started the great migration of the Slavs?
Answer: Germans
Question: Some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to where?
Answer: Iberia and north Africa
Question: Who were the Germanic tribes fleeing?
Answer: the Huns and their allies
Question: What empires were part of the Roman world?
Question: When did the Sarmatians move westward?
Question: Who settled in langs abandoned by the Slavs?
Question: Who was fleeing from the Germans?
Question: What theory suggests the Slavic tribes were unknown to the Roman world?
Question: When did Slavs appear on Byzantine borders?
Answer: Around the 6th century
Question: The Slavs appeared on whose borders around the 6th century?
Answer: Byzantine borders
Question: Where else reported Slavic settlements?
Answer: Peloponnese and Asia Minor
Question: Where had the Slavs settled by the end of the 6th century?
Answer: the Eastern Alps
Question: When had the Slavs settled the Eastern Alps?
Answer: By the end of the 6th century
Question: When did the Peloponnese appear on Byzantine borders?
Question: What did Slav records note could not grow after their presence?
Question: Where were Slave settled at the beginning of the 6th century?
Question: How has the southern movement of the Byzantine empire been understood?
Question: Where did the Peloponnese appear at the beginning of the 6th c?
Question: What appeared among the Slavs when their migratory movements ended?
Answer: the first rudiments of state organizations
Question: When did the first rudiments of state organizations appear among the Slavs?
Answer: When their migratory movements ended
Question: Early state organizations where headed by what?
Answer: a prince with a treasury and a defense force
Question: Noble Slavs pledged allegiance to whom?
Answer: the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzantine Emperors
Question: Who did the Byzantine Emperors pledge allegiance to?
Question: What is another name for the Byzantine Emperors?
Question: What did the beginnings of class differentiation end?
Question: Who headed the Frankish Emperors?
Question: What two things did each noble have?
Question: When did Samo become the ruler of the first known Slav state?
Answer: the 7th century
Question: What Frankish merchant was the ruler of the first Slav state in Central Europe?
Answer: Samo
Question: What is the oldest Slav state in Central Europe?
Answer: Carantania
Question: When was the first Bulgarian Empire founded?
Answer: 681
Question: Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of what to the rest of the Slavic world?
Answer: Slavic literacy and Christianity
Question: Who supported the Avar rulers?
Question: What outlived the first Slav ruler?
Question: Where was the first known Avar state?
Question: What became the official language of an empire in 681?
Question: When was Carantania founded?
Question: What three free Slavic states were in the world as of 1878?
Answer: the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro
Question: When were the Russian Empire, Serbia, and Montenegro the only free Slavic states in the world?
Answer: 1878
Question: Whose official independence was declared in 1908?
Answer: Bulgaria
Question: When were independent states as Czechoslovakia, the Second Polish Republic, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs established?
Answer: In 1918
Question: What was Serbia de jure vassal to in 1878?
Question: When was Montenegro's independence declared?
Question: How many people were in the Ottoman Empire?
Question: What ended in 1878?
Question: How many Slavs lived in Czechoslovakia?
Question: Whose plan for the East entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavs?
Answer: Hitler's
Question: What would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union?
Answer: The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost
Question: The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost resulted in the death and imprisonment of how many people?
Answer: 19.3 million civilians
Question: What is the German word for living space?
Answer: Lebensraum
Question: How many prisoners of war were supposed to die from the Hunger Plan?
Question: Who planned to deport German settlers?
Question: 80 million people died in what country?
Question: What is the Slavic word for living space?
Question: What plans successfully resulted in 80 million people starving?
Question: The first half of the 20th century was marked by what in Russia and the Soviet Union?
Answer: succession of wars, famines and other disasters
Question: Who estimated the Russian population was 90 million fewer than it could have been in 1945?
Answer: Stephen J. Lee
Question: When was the Russian population estimated to be about 90 million fewer than it could have been?
Answer: 1945
Question: What was marked by succession of wars, famines, and other disasters in the 20th century?
Answer: Russia and the Soviet Union
Question: When did Stephen J. Lee make his estimate about the Russian population?
Question: How many people did famine kill in Russia?
Question: Who did Russia fight with in the first half of the 20th century?
Question: Who ended the war in 1945?
Question: What is Stephen J. Lee's nationality?
Question: When did Pan-Slavism develop as a movement?
Answer: In the 19th century
Question: Pan-Slavism became compromised when what empire started to use it as an ideology justifying its territorial conquests?
Answer: Russian Empire
Question: The Russian Empire used what as justification for its territorial conquests?
Answer: Pan-Slavism
Question: What notable political union of the 20th century covered most South Slavs?
Answer: Yugoslavia
Question: When did Yugoslavia break apart?
Answer: 1990s
Question: What influenced practical politics?
Question: When did the Russian Empire create pan-slavism?
Question: What did Central Europe begin to conquest?
Question: What formed in the 1990s?
Question: Who did the Poles subjugate?
Question: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic?
Answer: 1939–1945
Question: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of Yugoslavia?
Answer: 1943–1992
Question: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?
Answer: 1992–2003
Question: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of Serbia and Montenegro?
Answer: 2003–2006
Question: When was slavs used for the Yugoslavia and Montenegro anthem?
Question: What word was taken out of the national anthem of the Slovak Republic in 1939?
Question: What country stopped using the word slavs in 1943?
Question: When did the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia become Yugoslavia?
Question: Many Slavic populations that were part of the Warsaw Pact are originally from where?
Answer: the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR
Question: What is the largest Slavic minority?
Answer: Russians
Question: Where is the largest Slavic minority located?
Answer: Kazakhstan
Question: What other Slavic minorities are in Kazakhstan?
Answer: Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles
Question: What country has the largest Ukrainian population?
Question: What was the Warsaw Pact originally part of?
Question: What is the largest population in Kazakhstan?
Question: What is an example of a satellite state?
Question: What is the smallest minority in Kazakhstan?
Question: What movement came into prominence in the mid-19th century that emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples?
Answer: Pan-Slavism
Question: Where was the main focus of Pan-Slavism?
Answer: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice
Question: Who used Pan-Slavism as a political tool?
Answer: The Russian Empire
Question: When did the Soviet Union gain political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations?
Answer: between 1945 and 1948
Question: How long did the Soviet Union retain a hegemonic role?
Answer: until the period 1989–1991
Question: Who did the South Slavs rule over?
Question: When did Venice gain power over Slavic-majority nations?
Question: What type of role did Slavic nations play between 1989-1991?
Question: Which area was the first to use Pan-Slavism as a political tool?
Question: What did Austria-Hungary use pan-slavism for?
Question: What began as an almost exclusively linguistic and philological enterprise?
Answer: Slavic studies
Question: When were Slavic languages recognized as Indo-European?
Answer: As early as 1833
Question: What languages were recognized as Indo-European?
Answer: Slavic languages
Question: In 1833, Slavic languages were recognized as what?
Answer: Indo-European
Question: When did Slavic studies become a linguistic enterprise?
Question: What were Indo-European studies recognized as?
Question: What did Indo-European studies begin as?
Question: What was recognized as Slavic languages?
Question: When did linguistic studies begin?
Question: What depends on what religion is usual for the respective Slavic ethnic groups?
Answer: The alphabet
Question: Who uses the Cyrillic alphabet?
Answer: The Orthodox
Question: Who uses the Latin alphabet?
Answer: the Roman Catholics
Question: Other than the Roman Catholics, who else uses Latin?
Answer: the Bosniaks
Question: What is a Latin script to write in Belarusian?
Answer: the Lacinka alphabet
Question: What is dependent on the alphabet?
Question: What is the name of the latin script Muslims use?
Question: What do most Greek Romans use?
Question: What language do Ukranians use?
Question: What language uses a Cyrillic script called Lacinka?
Question: What is the supposed ancestor of all Slavic languages?
Answer: Proto-Slavic
Question: Proto-Slavic developed numerous lexical and morphophonological isoglosses with what languages?
Answer: Baltic languages
Question: The Indo-Europeans who remained after the migrations became speakers of what?
Answer: Balto-Slavic
Question: Who became speakers of Balto-Slavic?
Answer: Indo-Europeans
Question: Proto-Slavic is a descendant of what?
Answer: Proto-Indo-European
Question: What does Proto-Indo-European descend from?
Question: How did Proto-Slavic become the ancestor language to all Slavic?
Question: What did Proto-Indo-European form with Balto languages?
Question: What proposes the Indo-Europeans that migrated became speakers of Balto-Slavic?
Question: Proto-Slavic is sometimes referred to as what?
Answer: Common Slavic or Late Proto-Slavic
Question: What is defined as the last stage of the language preceding the geographical split of the historical Slavic languages?
Answer: Proto-Slavic
Question: Old Church Slavonic manuscripts were based on the local Slavic speech of what?
Answer: Thessaloniki
Question: What could still serve the purpose of the first common Slavic literary language?
Answer: Old Church Slavonic manuscripts
Question: What is another term for Old Church Slavonic?
Question: What was the name of the language after the geographical split?
Question: What did the Proto-slavic language have in multiple recognizable variations?
Question: What speech did Old Church Slavonic influence?
Question: What is Thessaloniki the first example of?
Question: When were pagan Slavic populations Christianized?
Answer: between the 6th and 10th centuries
Question: What religion is predominant in the East and South Slavs?
Answer: Orthodox Christianity
Question: What religion is predominant in the West and western South Slavs?
Answer: Roman Catholicism
Question: When did the East-West Schism begin?
Answer: 11th century
Question: The majority of contemporary Slavic populations who profess a religion are what?
Answer: Orthodox
Question: What schism began in the 10th century?
Question: Most of what populations are Muslim?
Question: What percentage of Slavs are atheist?
Question: When did Slavic populations become more atheistic?
Question: What nationality is the Protestant religion common in?
Question: Who is customarily divided along geographical lines into tree major subgroups?
Answer: Slavs
Question: What three major subgroups are Slavs divided into?
Answer: West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs
Question: The Slav subgroups have had notable cultural contact with what kind of civilisations?
Answer: non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age
Question: How many groups are non-Slavic bronze age civilisations divided into?
Question: How is the West Slavs subgroup divided?
Question: What group did the Slavs largely avoid?
Question: What do all subgroups share?
Question: Ethnic affiliation of who has become an ideological conflict?
Answer: the Lemkos
Question: The idea of "Carpatho-Ruthenian" nation is supported only by Lemkos residing where?
Answer: Transcarpathia and abroad
Question: Most inhabitants of historic Moravia considered themselves as what?
Answer: Czechs
Question: What group is considered part of the Poles?
Answer: Silesians
Question: What is the ethnic affiliation of the Rusyns considered?
Question: What do the Ukrainians in Transcarpathia support?
Question: What do people from Bohemia and Silesia use that is the same?
Question: What are Moravians considered part of?
Question: What are parts of the Upper Moravia sometimes considered?
Question: Most Slavic Muslims now opt for what ethnicity?
Answer: Bosniak
Question: What two groups are considered two ethnonyms for a single ethnicity and the terms may even be used interchangeably?
Answer: Bosniak and Muslim
Question: A small number of people declare themselves Bosniak but are not necessarily Muslim by faith within what regions?
Answer: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Question: Which areas tend to use the Muslim designation?
Question: What two terms cannot be used interchangeably?
Question: What religion do people who declare themselves as Bosniak always have?
Question: What oddity in people who declare themselves as Bosniak can be found in Croatia?
Question: What country besides Bosnia are Bosniaks always also Muslim?
Question: This identity continues to be used by a minority throughout the what former republics?
Answer: Yugoslav republics
Question: The nationality is also declared by diasporans living where?
Answer: USA and Canada
Question: Diasporan is claimed as an identity in what former republics?
Question: This nationality has been rejected by diasporans living where?
Question: What are the minority living in USA and Canada called?
Question: What has been abandoned by those living in Yugoslav?
Question: Where are Šokci located?
Answer: Slavonia and Vojvodina
Question: Where are Janjevci located?
Answer: Kosovo
Question: Where are Burgenland Croats located?
Answer: Austria
Question: Where are Krashovans located?
Answer: Romania
Question: What is a subgroup of Benjevci?
Question: What subgroup is located in Slavonia and Kosovo?
Question: Where are Molise Croats and Moravian Croats located?
Question: What group lives in Burgenland?
Question: Where are Backa located?
Question: What sub-groups of Slovenes are extinct?
Answer: Carantanians and Somogy Slovenes
Question: What are the current sub-groups of Slovenes?
Answer: Prekmurians, Hungarian Slovenes, Carinthian Slovenes, Venetian Slovenes, Resians
Question: What is a subgroup of Hungarians?
Question: Which five groups are now extinct?
Question: What happened to most of the Slovenes subgroups?
Question: How many subgroups of Slovenes are there?
Question: Serbs of Croatia are mostly descendants of who?
Answer: the Grenzers
Question: Where are Zagorci located?
Answer: northern Croatia
Question: Where are Istrijani located?
Answer: westernmost Croatia
Question: Where are Boduli located?
Answer: Adriatic islands
Question: Where are Vlaji located?
Answer: hinterland of Dalmatia
Question: What is the only way Slavs identify?
Question: What are slavs called in central Croatia?
Question: Who are the Vlaji descendants of?
Question: When did western Bosnia become the Military Frontier?
Question: What are the names of the cities in the north Bulgarian region?
Question: What two DNA haplogroups predominate in modern Slavic peoples?
Answer: R1a1a [M17] and I2a2a
Question: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in the Sorbs?
Answer: 63.39%
Question: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Poland?
Answer: 56.4%
Question: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Ukraine?
Answer: 54%
Question: What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Russia?
Answer: 52%
Question: When did Spencer Wells deduce R1a1a arose on the Pontic-Caspian steppe?
Question: How frequent is I2a2a in the Sorbs?
Question: What population is I2a2a the rarest in?
Question: Who created the Kurgan hypothesis?
Question: Where did  I2a2a arise from?
Question: When did Rębała and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland?
Answer: 2007
Question: Who studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing the Proto-Slavic homeland?
Answer: Rębała
Question: In 2007 Rębała and colleagues studied several Slavic populations with the aim of localizing what?
Answer: the Proto-Slavic homeland
Question: When was the Proto-Slavic homeland found?
Question: Who wanted to localize slavic populations?
Question: What did Rębała study to localize the Slavic population?
Question: When did specific studies of Slavic genetics begin?
Question: Who searched for specifically Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]?
Answer: Marcin Woźniak and colleagues
Question: When did Marcin Woźniak search specifically for Slavic sub-group of R1a1a [M17]?
Answer: 2010
Question: The team that discovered M458 was led by who?
Answer: Peter Underhill
Question: Who was searching for Slavic haplotypes?
Question: When did Peter Underhill discover the marker?
Question: What did Peter Underhill suspect M458 was?
Question: What is the evolutionary effective mutation rate more in line with?
Question: What marker did Wozniak discover?
Question: What is distinguished by the presence of Y Haplogroup N?
Answer: Pomors
Question: Pomors are distinguished by the presence of what?
Answer: Y Haplogroup N
Question: Y Haplogroup N are found at high rates in who?
Answer: Uralic peoples
Question: Russians are generally similar to populations in what region?
Answer: central-eastern Europe
Question: Pomors are also known as what?
Answer: Northern Russians
Question: What are Y Haplogroup N distinguished by?
Question: What do Finnic tribes have in high rates?
Question: Where are the Uralic peoples from?
Question: What are Russians most dissimilar from autosomally?
Question: What is another name for Uralic peoples?
Question: I2a1b1 is typical of what populations?
Answer: South Slavic populations
Question: I2a1b1 is found being highest where?
Answer: Bosnia-Herzegovina
Question: Haplogroup I2a2 is commonly found in what group of people?
Answer: north-eastern Italians
Question: Hg I2a2 was believed to have arisen where?
Answer: west Balkans
Question: Who has split I2a2 into two clades?
Answer: Ken Nordtvedt
Question: What percentage of north-eastern Italians have I2a1b1?
Question: Where did I2a1b1 originate?
Question: What preceded l2a1b1?
Question: Who split LGM?
Question: How old is I2a1b1 calculated to be?
Question: When did Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk use a sample of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Monigoloid" "mtDNA lineages"?
Answer: 2008
Question: Who used a sample of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Monigoloid" "mtDNA lineages"?
Answer: Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk
Question: Malyarchuk found Czech mtDNA lineages were typical of what populations?
Answer: Slavic populations
Question: Malyarchuk said the Mongoloid component of Slavic people was partially added before the split of "Balto-Slavics" in what time period?
Answer: Malyarchuk said that other Slavs "Mongoloid component" was increased during the waves of migration from "steppe populations
Question: Malyarchuk said that other Slavs "Mongoloid component" was increased during the waves of migration from what populations?
Answer: steppe populations
Question: What was the name of the Czech individual tested?
Question: What assimilated the Russian population?
Question: When was the steppe population migration?
Question: How many biochemists were involved in the study?
Question: What percentage of Finno-Ugric populations have Mongoloid mtDNA lineage?
Question: DNA from how many Russians show that the Y chromosomes fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to West Eurasian populations?
Answer: 1228
Question: DNA samples from 1228 Russians show that the Y chromosomes analyzed, all except 20 (1.6%) fall into seven major haplogroups all characteristic to what populations?
Answer: West Eurasian
Question: Taken together, they account for what percentage of the total Russian Y chromosomal pool?
Answer: 95%
Question: What percentage fell into haplogroups that are specific to East and South Asian populations?
Answer: 0.7%
Question: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) examined in Poles and Russians revealed the presence of what major haplogroups?
Answer: European
Question: what percentage of Poles have Y chromosomes in the major haplogroups?
Question: How many Poles were studied?
Question: DNA of Poles and Russians differ from what group?
Question: Where are the 20 haplogroups from?
Question: What percentage of Poles have haplogroups from East Asian populations?
Question: Who did the Slavs have contact with in Ukraine?
Answer: Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths
Question: After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating who?
Answer: non-Slavic peoples
Question: What peoples where in the Balkans?
Answer: Paleo-Balkan peoples
Question: Who vanished from the population of the Balkans?
Answer: The Thracians and Illyrians
Question: What non-Slavic groups are in present-day Ukraine?
Question: What modern nation claims to descend from Thracians?
Question: When were Slavs Hellenized?
Question: What features of the Republic of Macedonia helped pass on its legacy to future generations?
Question: When did Dalmatian Romance assimilate the Slavs?
Question: Where did South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders?
Answer: In the Western Balkans
Question: In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with who?
Answer: Avar invaders
Question: In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with who?
Answer: Germanic and Celtic
Question: The eastern Slavs intermixed with who?
Answer: Uralic and Scandinavian peoples
Question: Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of what state?
Answer: the Rus' state
Question: What is another name for the Finnic peoples?
Question: What state did the Germanic Gepids help form?
Question: When was the Magyar migration?
Question: How many Romano-Dacians were there in the Magyar migration?
Question: What attacking tribes lived in the regions of the north?
Question: Who settled in parts of England?
Answer: Polabian Slavs (Wends)
Question: Where did Polabian Slavs (Wends) settle?
Answer: parts of England (Danelaw)
Question: Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs are also known to have even settled where?
Answer: Norse age Iceland
Question: What refers to the Slavic mercenaries and slaves in the medieval Arab world in North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus?
Answer: Saqaliba
Question: Saqaliba served as what?
Answer: caliph's guards
Question: What is another name for Iceland?
Question: What name refers to the Polabian-Pomeranian Slavs?
Question: Who served as the guards of the Saqaliba?
Question: When did the Polabian Slavs settle in England?
Question: When did Niklot invade Slavic lands?
Question: Cossacks came from what backgrounds?
Answer: Tatars and other Turks
Question: Many early members of the Terek Cossacks were what?
Answer: Ossetians
Question: What religious affiliation did the Cossacks have?
Answer: Orthodox Christians
Question: What primary religion do Turks follow?
Question: What were many early Tatars?
Question: What did the Ossetians speak?
Question: What ethnic backgrounds came from Cossacks?
Question: Who descended from Romance-speaking Vlachs?
Answer: Gorals
Question: When did the Vlachs migrate into the region?
Answer: 14th to 17th centuries
Question: What population descended from the Vlachs?
Answer: Moravian Wallachia
Question: Who descended from the Gorals?
Question: What language did Gorals speak?
Question: When did the Gorals live in southern Poland?
Question: Where do Moravian Wallachia live?
Question: Slavs that remained in the Carpathian basin were assimilated into who?
Answer: the Magyar or Romanian population
Question: There is a large number of river names and other placenames of Slavic origin in what country?
Answer: Romania
Question: Majority of Slavs continued south to the riches of the territory that became what country?
Answer: Bulgaria
Question: Where did the Slavs that assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population remain?
Answer: Carpathian basin
Question: Who were the Slavs in Bulgaria assimilated by?
Question: What was attractive about the Magyar?
Question: What have slavic origins in Bulgaria?
Question: What basin did most Slavs end up in?
Question: Which direction did the Romanians travel in?
Question: What could you call someone who lives in Southampton?
Answer: Sotonian
Question: In what ceremonial county is Southampton located?
Answer: Hampshire
Question: How many miles away from London is Southampton?
Answer: 75
Question: In which direction would you travel from Portsmouth to reach Southampton?
Answer: north-west
Question: In what month of 2014 did Southampton's City Council give the go-ahead for WestQuay Watermark?
Answer: October
Question: What war is Southampton often associated with?
Answer: World War II
Question: What company owns WestQuay Watermark?
Answer: Hammerson
Question: By the end of 2016, how many people are projected to be working onsite at WestQuay Watermark?
Answer: 1,550
Question: What's the other name for South Hampshire?
Answer: Solent City
Question: In the 2011 census, what was the population of Southampton after it merged with Portsmouth?
Answer: 855,569
Question: What metropolitan area is Portsmouth a part of?
Answer: South Hampshire
Question: What is the estimated minimum population of South Hampshire?
Answer: 1.5 million
Question: What ancient settlement was established after Rome invaded and the Britons were conquered?
Answer: Clausentum
Question: According to evidence found, in what archaeological age were there first inhabitants in the area of Southampton?
Answer: stone age
Question: What is the site of Clausentum called now?
Answer: Bitterne Manor
Question: In addition to two ditches, what was Clausentum's defense from invaders?
Answer: a wall
Question: What people established a settlement in what is now the St. Mary's area of Southampton?
Answer: Anglo-Saxons
Question: What name did the Anglo-Saxons give their settlement first?
Answer: Hamwic
Question: What name did Hamwic have in the interim as it was evolving into Hampton?
Answer: Hamtun
Question: What county in England was named after Hampton?
Answer: Hampshire
Question: What river separated Hamwic from the home of previous settlers?
Answer: Itchen
Question: What kind of raids disturbed Hamwic in the 9th century?
Answer: Viking
Question: What year did the Vikings start attacking Hamwic?
Answer: 840
Question: In what century was a new settlement set up at the site of Hamwic?
Answer: 10th
Question: What was the name of the 10th-century fortified settlement that took Hamwic's place?
Answer: Southampton
Question: What was the capital of England during the time of the Norman Conquest?
Answer: Winchester
Question: Southampton was important to transit between Winchester and what other region in England in the 11th century?
Answer: Normandy
Question: In what century was Southampton Castle built?
Answer: 12th
Question: During the 13th century, what did Southampton get in trade for English cloth and wool?
Answer: French wine
Question: Ruins of merchants' homes that survive today are evidence that Southampton had rich people in what century?
Answer: 12th
Question: What plague made it to England because of all the ships visiting Southampton in the 14th century?
Answer: Black Death
Question: What year did the Black Death arrive in England for the first time?
Answer: 1348
Question: In addition to King John's House, what's the name of another rich merchant's dwelling that still partly remains?
Answer: Canute's Palace
Question: Who led the invasion of Southampton in the 14th century by the French and others?
Answer: Charles Grimaldi
Question: What principality did Grimaldi set up with the profits from plundering Southampton?
Answer: Monaco
Question: What year did Edward III show up in Southampton and tell them to build walls?
Answer: 1339
Question: How many of the original towers from Southampton's walls are still standing?
Answer: 13
Question: The oldest section of the original wall around the town dates from what year?
Answer: 1175
Question: What's the name of the wall tower that was the first of its kind in England built for artillery purposes?
Answer: God's House Tower
Question: In what year was the God's House Tower built?
Answer: 1417
Question: What museum was located in God's House Tower until 2011?
Answer: Museum of Archaeology
Question: Which king of England directed new fortifications that helped Southampton rely less on its wall?
Answer: Henry VIII
Question: In what century did Southampton complete construction of the wall around the city?
Answer: 15th
Question: The only remaining piece of the motte and bailey castle can be seen near what modern Southampton street?
Answer: Castle Way
Question: About what year was the Franciscan friary established in Southampton?
Answer: 1233
Question: What year did Southampton's Franciscan friary shut down?
Answer: 1538
Question: In what decade were the leftovers of the Southampton friary destroyed?
Answer: 1940s
Question: What landmark now sits on the site of the Franciscan friary in Southampton?
Answer: Friary House
Question: In what year was the friars' water supply system built in Southampton?
Answer: 1290
Question: Where was the water brought from by the friars' supply system?
Answer: Conduit Head
Question: What year did the friars start letting the rest of Southampton use the water from their system?
Answer: 1310
Question: When was ownership of the medieval water supply system given to the town of Southampton?
Answer: 1420
Question: What's the name of the landmark on Commercial Road where remains of the friars' water system can be seen?
Answer: Conduit House
Question: What war was taking place in the 1640s in England?
Answer: English Civil War
Question: What year did a Parliamentary garrison enter Southampton?
Answer: 1642
Question: What is the furthest town the Royalists reached during their advance into Southampton in 1644?
Answer: Redbridge
Question: In what month of 1644 did the Royalists fail to take Redbridge?
Answer: March
Question: What skilled trade was a central industry for Southampton in the Middle Ages?
Answer: shipbuilding
Question: What's the name of the famed warship built in Southampton for Henry V?
Answer: HMS Grace Dieu
Question: What was the name of the man who overhauled block-making to mechanize the process?
Answer: Walter Taylor
Question: Between 1904 and 2004, what shipbuilding company employed a large portion of Southampton?
Answer: Thornycroft
Question: In what historical period did Walter Taylor's improvements on block-making play an important role?
Answer: Industrial Revolution
Question: What battle did King Henry leave for in 1415?
Answer: Battle of Agincourt
Question: What group did the men accused of high treason, including Henry Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, lead?
Answer: Southampton Plot
Question: What is the public house where the men from Southampton Plot were tried called now?
Answer: Red Lion
Question: What was the Earl of Cambridge's first name?
Answer: Richard
Question: Outside of what structure did the execution of the Southampton Plot leaders take place?
Answer: the Bargate
Question: What did the military use Southampton for during wars in the 18th century?
Answer: embarkation
Question: In addition to wars with the French and the Boer War, in which notable war in the 18th century did Southampton play a role?
Answer: the Crimean war
Question: What war won Southampton the title of No. 1 Military Embarkation port?
Answer: the Great War
Question: What group of people in addition to wounded soldiers from the Great War often were brought to Southampton for treatment?
Answer: POWs
Question: In what year did Southampton lead preparations for the Invasion of Europe?
Answer: 1944
Question: Despite not having a good beach, what decade saw  Southampton become popular for sea bathing?
Answer: 1760s
Question: Where in Southampton were special baths filled by seawater constructed?
Answer: West Quay
Question: What change in flow of the sea controlled the innovative baths at West Quay?
Answer: the tide
Question: What year was the Southampton Docks company created?
Answer: 1835
Question: In what month of 1838 was stone laid for the foundation of the Southampton docks?
Answer: October
Question: What year did the railroad to London from Southampton open fully?
Answer: 1840
Question: What name did Southampton earn for its importance in creating a link to London?
Answer: The Gateway to the Empire
Question: Who wrote "The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star"?
Answer: John Choules
Question: What town did Choules say had the only Main Street more beautiful than Southampton's?
Answer: Oxford
Question: How long was Southampton's High Street as described by Choules?
Answer: one mile and a half
Question: What adjective did Choules use to describe the shops of Southampton's High Street?
Answer: elegant
Question: Choules complimented the streets of Southampton for being kept in what condition?
Answer: clean
Question: What famous ship left Southampton's port carrying the Pilgrim Fathers?
Answer: Mayflower
Question: What year did the Mayflower set sail from Southampton?
Answer: 1620
Question: How many crew members out of every five on the RMS Titanic were Sotonians?
Answer: Four
Question: What company operated passenger ships across the Atlantic, including the RMS Queen Elizabeth?
Answer: Cunard
Question: In what year did Southampton Container Terminals open?
Answer: 1968
Question: What area of Southampton did Mitchell hail from?
Answer: Portswood
Question: What color is the plaque that marks the Spitfire designer's house?
Answer: blue
Question: In what month of 1940 did bombs destroy the factory that made Mitchell's seaplanes?
Answer: September
Question: Which forces did Southampton supply after D-Day that made it a target for many Luftwaffe air raids?
Answer: Allied forces
Question: In addition to casualties, about how many people were wounded by air raids on Southampton?
Answer: 2,000
Question: Was it hundreds or thousands of buildings in Southampton that sustained damage from air raids?
Answer: thousands
Question: Southampton has been redeveloped almost entirely in the years since which war?
Answer: World War II
Question: In which decade did there start to be a lot of traffic in Southampton?
Answer: 1920s
Question: Some of the walls around which landmark were demolished in the 1930s?
Answer: the Bargate
Question: What is the new name of University College at Highfield?
Answer: University of Southampton
Question: When did Southampton officially become a city?
Answer: 1964
Question: In what year did the Royal Charter give the University of Southampton its name?
Answer: 1952
Question: What organization did the new county council share governance of Southampton with?
Answer: the Corporation in Southampton
Question: What year was the county of Hampshire officially named?
Answer: 1959
Question: Even before it was official, Hampshire was often called Hampshire or what ancient variation of the name?
Answer: Hantscire
Question: What designation was Southampton given in 1974?
Answer: non-metropolitan district
Question: Southampton's history of administrative independence dates back to the reign of which king?
Answer: King John
Question: What was the annual fee paid by the burgesses of Southampton for the rights of custom and toll laid out in the charter of 1199?
Answer: £200
Question: In the 1100s, the port of Southampton included everything between Lymington and what area?
Answer: Langstone
Question: Under what king was a charter granted in 1446/7 that separated Southampton and Portsmouth from Hampshire?
Answer: Henry VI
Question: What date was the charter regarding Southampton's tax farm signed at Orival?
Answer: 29 June 1199
Question: What year did Southampton receive the charter naming it 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'?
Answer: 1640
Question: What era in history saw local government begin setting up County Councils in the area?
Answer: Victorian period
Question: After 1888, which Council took over some governance of Southampton Town?
Answer: Hampshire County Council
Question: What was the year that Queen Elizabeth II's charter created the City and County of the City of Southampton?
Answer: 1964
Question: What county did the city of Southampton become administratively independent of in April of 1997?
Answer: Hampshire County
Question: What official designation did Southampton receive in the April 1997 local government reorganization?
Answer: unitary authority
Question: What act was responsible for the reorganization of local government on April 1, 1997?
Answer: 1992 Local Government Act
Question: What ceremonial county does Southampton still belong to?
Answer: Hampshire
Question: How man wards are there in Southampton?
Answer: 16
Question: How many councillors are assigned to each ward in Southampton?
Answer: 3
Question: In what month are council elections held?
Answer: May
Question: In how many years of every four is a council election held in Southampton?
Answer: three
Question: What is Royston Smith's constituency?
Answer: Southampton Itchen
Question: Who is Southampton Test's member of parliament?
Answer: Dr. Alan Whitehead
Question: To what political party does Caroline Nokes belong?
Answer: Conservative
Question: Which directional area of Southampton does Dr. Alan Whitehead represent?
Answer: west
Question: How many cities or towns are there in all of England and Wales with a ceremonial sheriff acting as the Mayor's deputy?
Answer: 16
Question: Who's the current Mayor of Southampton?
Answer: Linda Norris
Question: What's the name of the 578th sheriff of Southampton?
Answer: Catherine McEwing
Question: When did John Melody, the town crier of Southampton, pass away?
Answer: 2014
Question: How many decibels was John Melody able to reach in his cry?
Answer: 104
Question: What city in France does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with?
Answer: Le Havre
Question: Which Italian city did Southampton City Council establish a twinning link with in 2002?
Answer: Trieste
Question: What's the only city in the USA with a twinning link to Southampton City Council?
Answer: Hampton, Virginia
Question: What year did Southampton City Council link with Busan, South Korea?
Answer: 1978
Question: In what country does Southampton City Council have a twinning link with Rems-Murr-Kreis?
Answer: Germany
Question: What river converges with the Test?
Answer: Itchen
Question: Which river is excellent for salmon fishing?
Answer: Test
Question: Which river splits the city of Southampton into an east section and a west section?
Answer: Itchen
Question: What Southampton area is located between the Itchen and Test rivers?
Answer: The city centre
Question: What's the name of the public quay that's been in Southampton since the 13th century?
Answer: Town Quay
Question: In what decade were the Eastern Docks that can be seen today created?
Answer: 1830s
Question: What company commissioned the program that created the Western Docks?
Answer: Southern Railway Company
Question: What body of water was dredged for the material used for reclamation?
Answer: Southampton Water
Question: In what decade did the Southern Railway Company commission the program that created the Western Docks?
Answer: 1930s
Question: What island do many people think causes the double high tide in Southampton Water?
Answer: Isle of Wight
Question: What body of water is actually responsible for the unusual double high tide?
Answer: English Channel
Question: What size ships can move through Southampton Water more easily because of the double high tide?
Answer: large
Question: In addition to its shape, what property of the English Channel affects water flow in Southampton Water?
Answer: depth
Question: What forest is on the opposite bank of the River Test from Southampton?
Answer: New Forest
Question: What motorway crosses the River Test to the North?
Answer: the M27
Question: Where was the first bridge built across the River Itchen?
Answer: Mansbridge
Question: What bridge at Swaythling crosses at the point between the tidal and non-tidal sections of the River Itchen?
Answer: Woodmill Bridge
Question: How many hectares is Southampton Common?
Answer: 148
Question: What wildlife center is located in Southampton Common?
Answer: Hawthorns Urban Wildlife Centre
Question: What related attraction was at the same site before the Urban Wildlife Centre?
Answer: Southampton Zoo
Question: In addition to the Thornhill and Townhill Park districts, what other district has a council estate?
Answer: Weston
Question: What's Southampton's ranking on the list of most deprived Local Authorities in England?
Answer: 96th
Question: For what month does Southampton hold the UK's record high temperature?
Answer: June
Question: What was the record high temperature for June in degrees Celsius?
Answer: 35.6
Question: What year did Southampton set the record high temperature for June?
Answer: 1976
Question: What does the record-setting 35.6 degrees Celsius convert to in degrees Fahrenheit? 
Answer: 96.1
Question: What source of geothermal power sits below Southampton's center?
Answer: hot water aquifer
Question: In what region of Southampton is the geothermal power station for the aquifer?
Answer: West Quay
Question: Which section of the city receives hot water from geothermal power through the West Quay plant?
Answer: Southampton District Energy Scheme
Question: What utility company sponsored a carbon emissions survey in 2006?
Answer: British Gas
Question: In the 2006 study, Southampton was discovered to be one of the lowest carbon emitters out of major cities in what large geographical area?
Answer: United Kingdom
Question: What percentage of the population of Southampton is Black, according to the 2001 Census?
Answer: 1.0
Question: Going by the 2001 Census, what percentage of Southampton's population is of mixed race?
Answer: 1.5
Question: What percentage of the white population did the 2001 Census show were White Irish?
Answer: one
Question: According to the 2001 Census, what race comprises 3.8% of people living in Southampton?
Answer: South Asian
Question: In 2011, what was the estimated population of Southampton inside city limits?
Answer: 236,900
Question: What nationality of people makes up a large portion of Southampton residents?
Answer: Polish
Question: What's the highest estimate of the Polish population of the city of Southampton?
Answer: 20,000
Question: What age range contains the most people from Southampton?
Answer: 20–24
Question: How many people between the ages of 30 and 34 live in Southampton?
Answer: 17,800
Question: How many women live in Southampton?
Answer: 117,400
Question: What's the only monocentric city on the South Coast larger than Southampton?
Answer: Plymouth
Question: By what percentage did the population of Southampton increase from 1996 to 2004?
Answer: 4.9
Question: What's the only other city in England besides Portsmouth more densely populated than Southampton?
Answer: London
Question: What organization anticipated an additional 2% population growth from 2006 to 2013?
Answer: Hampshire County Council
Question: What age segment of the population of Southampton is projected to increase the most?
Answer: the elderly
Question: How many more residents would Southampton have if the population grew by 2%, as the council expected?
Answer: 4,200
Question: How many jobs were there in Southampton in March of 2007?
Answer: 120,305
Question: How many Southampton residents were claiming job seeker's allowance in March, 2007?
Answer: 3,570
Question: In March 2007, what percentage of Southampton residents claimed job seeker's allowance?
Answer: 2.4
Question: What England's average percentage for people claiming job seeker's allowance?
Answer: 2.5
Question: What percentage of available jobs in Southampton are in the property/other business sector?
Answer: 19
Question: What's the third largest sector providing jobs in Southampton?
Answer: wholesale and retail
Question: By what percentage did available jobs increase in Southampton between 1995 and 2004?
Answer: 18.5
Question: What percentage of available jobs in Southampton are in wholesale and retail industries?
Answer: 16.2
Question: What was Southampton's average annual salary in January of 2007?
Answer: £22,267
Question: How far below the national average is the average annual salary in Southampton?
Answer: £1,700
Question: How far below England's South East region is Southampton's average annual salary?
Answer: £3,800
Question: About how much of UK's passenger traffic did Southampton handle during the inter-war period?
Answer: half
Question: What kind of passenger ships make up a lot of the traffic in the port of Southampton?
Answer: cruise ships
Question: Going by what unit of measurement makes Southampton the fourth largest port in the UK?
Answer: tonnage
Question: In what year did Southampton's fourth cruise terminal open in the western docklands?
Answer: 2009
Question: What branch of the Department for Transport has its headquarters in Southampton?
Answer: Marine Accident Investigation Branch
Question: Southampton's range of industries includes the manufacture of cars and what other transport?
Answer: aircraft
Question: What kind of engineering does industry in Southampton support?
Answer: electrical
Question: Along with the docks and grain mills, what crop has been processed in Southampton for a long time?
Answer: tobacco
Question: How many people in the Southampton area receive hospital services from University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust?
Answer: 500,000
Question: How many people in the South of England rely on the NHS Foundation Trust's specialist services?
Answer: 3 million
Question: What type of service does the NHS Foundation Trust provide at the Countess Mountbatten House?
Answer: palliative care
Question: What hospital is the Countess Mountbatten House a part of?
Answer: Moorgreen Hospital
Question: In what village is Moorgreen Hospital located?
Answer: West End
Question: What's the name of the UK's national mapping agency?
Answer: Ordnance Survey
Question: What year did Ordnance Survey's new headquarters open in Southampton?
Answer: 2011
Question: What company said it is planning to move marine operations to the University of Southampton?
Answer: Lloyd's Register Group
Question: What area of Southampton holds a Ford assembly plant?
Answer: Swaythling
Question: Which model does Ford manufacture in their Southampton plant?
Answer: Transit
Question: What's WestQuay's ranking among the largest retail centers in the UK?
Answer: 35th
Question: What was the name of the third phase of West Quay development that got put on hold because of the recession?
Answer: Watermark Westquay
Question: What year did work resume on the development of Watermark Westquay?
Answer: 2015
Question: What popular Swedish company opened a new store in the West Quay site in 2009?
Answer: IKEA
Question: What type of tall buildings are being planned on Southampton's waterfront?
Answer: skyscrapers
Question: How many stories tall will each of the three proposed towers be?
Answer: 23
Question: What marina in Southampton may get a 15-story high hotel?
Answer: Ocean Village
Question: What factor is very strong in Southampton that encourages redevelopment of the city?
Answer: economy