huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: Fortis counterparts are known as what in the Spanish language?
Question: Fortis counterparts are translated as what in the Chinese language?
Question: Mandarin has stops and affricates that are distinguished by what?
Answer: aspiration
Question: Tenuis stops have letters that are representative of English voiced consonant in what?
Answer: pinyin
Question: What kind of stops in pinyin are written with letters that representative of voiceless consonants?
Answer: aspirated stops
Question: The English language has stops and affricates distinguished by what?
Question: In pinyin, tenuis consonants are written how?
Question: In pinyin, unaspirated stops are written how?
Question: What is written with letter that represent voiced consonants?
Question: What represents d?
Question: What has a three-way distinction in regards to stops and affricates?
Answer: Wu Chinese
Question: What is the actual distinction for Wu Chinese?
Answer: /p pʰ b/
Question: What is /b/ representative of, in addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants?
Answer: Muddy consonants
Question: What kind of voice are muddy consonants pronounced with?
Answer: slack or breathy
Question: Wu Chinese has a four-way distinction in what?
Question: What is strongly voiced?
Question: What causes a syllable to be pronounced with high pitch or light tone?
Question: What is an example of a breathy consonant?
Question: What causes a stop to be pronounced with low pitch or light tone?
Question: What is another term for voice-aspirated?
Answer: breathy-voiced
Question: Which distinction has Punjabi lost?
Answer: breathy-voiced consonants
Question: What languages have unaspirated stops?
Question: Sanskrit has a three-way distinction in what?
Question: What has gained breathy-voiced consonants?
Question: What happened to result in a toneless system?
Question: What is an example of a two-way distinction in stops?
Question: Telegu, Kannada and others are considered to be some of the what languages?
Answer: Dravidian
Question: What has no distinction between the categories  of voiced, voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated?
Answer: native Dravidian words
Question: In native English words, there is no distinction between what?
Question: What is used only in loanwords from Spanish languages?
Question: What is underspecified for voicing and unaspiratoin?
Question: There are many category distinctions in what language?
Question: All of the Dravidian languages have a distinction between what?
Question: What language has two-way distinctions between aspirated and voiced?
Answer: Western Armenian
Question: Western Armenian /tʰ/ compares to eastern Armenian /tʰ/ and what?
Answer: /d/
Question: The Western Armenian voiced /d/ compares to the Eastern Armenian voiceless what?
Answer: /t/
Question: Western Armenian has a three-way distinction between what?
Question: Western Armenian aspirated corresponds to Eastern American what?
Question: Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiced what?
Question: Eastern Armenian has a two-way distinction between what?
Question: Western voiceless /d/ corresponds to what?
Question: Early Greek (before Koine) have been redone with what?
Answer: aspirated stops.
Question: What Greek dialect had three-way stop distinction like Eastern Armenian?
Answer: Classical Attic
Question: Who referred to the Classical Attic dialect stops by the three distinctions?
Answer: Greek grammarians
Question: A two-way distinction in stops was called what?
Question: Some forms of English are reconstructed as what?
Question: Which Armenian language had a two-way distinction in stops?
Question: The Classical Arctic dialect belonged to which country?
Question: Which languages are reconstructed as having unaspirated stops?
Question: What is the representation for the three places of articulation?
Answer: /pʰ tʰ kʰ/
Question: Earlier Greek was represented by what?
Answer: Mycenaean Greek
Question: Whether a stop was labial, coronal or velar depended on what two things?
Answer: dialect and phonetic environment
Question: Unaspirated stops were at which three places of articulation?
Question: Early Greece was represented by what?
Question: What likely had a velar unaspirated stop?
Question: The three places of articulation are the labial, cortical and what?
Question: The labialized velar unaspirated stop is represented by what?
Question: Dialects such as Aeolic and Doric had how many distinctions that were the same at one point in time?
Answer: three
Question: Which two dialects lost aspiration at times?
Answer: Ionic and Aeolic
Question: Rather than /tʰ/, what did the Doric dialect have in place during the Classical period?
Answer: fricative
Question: What ancient dialects had the same two-way distinction at one point?
Question: What dialect had a fricative in the Modern period?
Question: Which four dialects sometimes lost aspiration?
Question: Which two dialects sometime gained aspiration?
Question: What was gained aspiration called?
Question: Attic Greek lenited to what?
Answer: voiceless and voiced fricatives
Question: The lenited Attic Greek yielded /θ ð/ in what periods?
Answer: Medieval and Modern Greek
Question: Arctic Greek yielded what other versions of the Greek language?
Question: During what period did unaspirated and voiceless stops lenited to voiceless and voiced fricatives?
Question: What represents unaspirated and voiceless stops?
Question: Arctic Greek lenited to what?
Question: Debuccalization is when consonants are weakened to become what?
Answer: glottal stop or fricative
Question: What is another term for a consonant being weakened?
Answer: lenited
Question: The term unaspiration sometimes refers to what?
Question: When is a consonant strengthened to become a glottal stop or fricative?
Question: What is sometime referred to as the vocal change of debuccalization?
Question: What sometimes becomes a global stop or fricative?
Question: When a sound is lenited it becomes what?
Question: What is breathy voice?
Answer: a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds
Question: The ⟨bʰ⟩ in the Indo-Aryan languages is better transcribed how for breathy voice?
Answer: ⟨b̤⟩, with the diacritic
Question: What is the superscript form of the symbol for the voiceless glottal fricative?
Question: Unaspirated consonants are nearly always pronouced how?
Question: What causes a murmured vibration of the vocal cords?
Question: What represents a strong voiced or breathy dental stop?
Question: What represents the "voice aspirated" bilabial stop in the English language?
Question: What do some linguists restrict the double-dot subscript ⟨◌̤⟩ to?
Answer: murmured sonorants
Question: What are, according to the text, murmured for their duration?
Answer: vowels and nasals
Question: What uses the ⟨◌ʱ⟩?
Answer: breathy-voiced release of obstruents.
Question: Some linguists restrict what to loud sonorants?
Question: What are murmured thought part of their duration?
Question: What represents the double-dot hook-aitch?
Question: What is used for the loud-voiced release of obstruents?
Question: All linguists restrict the double-dot subscript to what?
Question: What is the atomic number used for hydrogen?
Answer: 1
Question: What is the atomic weight for hydrogen?
Answer: 7000100794000000000♠1.00794 u
Question: What element is considered the lightest?
Answer: Hydrogen
Question: What is the molecular make-up of hydrogen?
Answer: H2
Question: What are three properties of hydrogen at normal temperature and normal pressure?
Answer: colorless, odorless, tasteless
Question: What charge does hydrogen display in ionic compounds when it is called a hydride?
Answer: negative
Question: What field of study has hydrogen and it's properties played a key role in development?
Answer: quantum mechanics
Question: When was hydrogen gas artificially produced for the first time?
Answer: early 16th century
Question: Who first recognized that hydrogen was a discrete substance?
Answer: Henry Cavendish
Question: When it is burned what does hydrogen make?
Answer: water
Question: What is the Greek translation for hydrogen?
Answer: water-former
Question: Name a process that uses fossil fuels along with hydrogen.
Answer: hydrocracking
Question: For hydrogen what is the enthalpy of combustion?
Answer: 286 kJ/mol
Question: What are two forms of hydrogen gas?
Answer: dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen
Question: Which element has a enthalpy of combustion at −286 kJ/mol?
Answer: Hydrogen
Question: What caused  the Hindenburg to explode?
Answer: hydrogen combustion
Question: What temperature does hydrogen react with these elements?
Answer: room temperature
Question: What attracts planets and celestial items?
Answer: gravity
Question: What does the electromagnetic force attract to one another?
Answer: electrons and protons
Question: What state are the protons in when in the orthohydrogen form?
Answer: triplet state
Question: When hydrogen gas is in standard temperature and pressure, what form is it considered in>
Answer: normal
Question: What percent of para form does hydrogen gas contain?
Answer: 25%
Question: What percent of ortho form does hydrogen gas contain?
Answer: 75%
Question: What are some catalysts used in hydrogen cooling
Answer: ferric oxide, activated carbon, platinized asbestos, rare earth metals, uranium compounds, chromic oxide, or some nickel compounds
Question: What ind of charge does hydrogen take when mixed with electronegative particles?
Answer: positive charge
Question: What type of charge does hydrogen take when combined with a metal?
Answer: negative
Question: When hydrogen forms with a metal, what is the compound called?
Answer: hydrides
Question: Is H2 reactive in standard conditions?
Answer: not
Question: What is the form of hydrogen and heteroatoms called?
Answer: organic compounds
Question: What is the study of organic compounds properties known as?
Answer: organic chemistry
Question: What is the study of living organisms known as?
Answer: biochemistry
Question: Organic compounds are only required to conatin what?
Answer: carbon
Question:  Who suggested that hydride anions existed?character does the H atom have in a hydride?
Answer: Gilbert N. Lewis
Question: What group of hydrides is BEH considered polymeric?
Answer: group II
Question: How many binary aluminum hydrides are there?
Answer: 1
Question: What chemistry do hydrides serve as bridging ligands?
Answer: inorganic chemistry
Question: What do hydrides that are bridging ligands link up?
Answer: link two metal centers
Question: What group is briging ligands most common in?
Answer: group 13
Question: When hydrogen oxidates, what does it end up giving?
Answer: H+
Question: What theory suggests that acids are proton donors?
Answer: Bronsted-Lowry
Question: Where can oxonium ions be found?
Answer: in acidic solution with other solvents
Question: What other term is a solvated protons referred as?
Answer: hydronium ion
Question: What kind of molecular hydrogen is the H+3 knows as?
Answer: protonated
Question: What kind of cation is the H+3 knowns as?
Answer: trihydrogen cation
Question: What are the names of these isotopes?
Answer: denoted 1H, 2H and 3H
Question: Which isotopes have unstable nuclei?
Answer: 4H to 7H
Question: Which element is the only that has different names for its isotopes?
Answer: Hydrogen
Question: What are the only two names still used for radioactive isotopes?
Answer: deuterium and tritium
Question: What are the symbols used for deuterium and tritium?
Answer: D and T
Question: What does the symbol P represent?
Answer: phosphorus
Question: What are the preferred symbols for deuterium and tritium?
Answer: 2H and 3H
Question: Who discovered Hydrogen gas?
Answer: Robert Boyle
Question: Who recognized hydrogen gas as a discreet substance?
Answer: Henry Cavendish
Question: In what year did Henry Cavendish recognize hydrogen gas as a discreet substance?
Answer: 1766
Question: What does gas produce when burned?
Answer: water
Question: How did Lavoisier produce hydrogen for his experiments?
Answer: reacting a flux of steam with metallic iron through an incandescent iron tube heated in a fire
Question: In what year Did James Dewar first liquidize hydrogen?
Answer: 1898
Question: What year was Deuterium discovered?
Answer: 1931
Question: Who was the first to discover deuterium?
Answer: Harold Urey
Question: What year was tritium discovered?
Answer: 1934
Question: What year was hydrogen filled balloons invented?
Answer: 1783
Question: what were the hydrogen lifted airships called?
Answer: Zeppelins
Question: In what year did the first zeppelin make flight?
Answer: 1900
Question: What year was this done?
Answer: 1919
Question: What year did the airship get destroyed?
Answer: 1937
Question: What city was the ship over when it caught fire?
Answer: New Jersey
Question: In what year did the first hydrogen cooled turbogenerator go into service?
Answer: 1937
Question: What state is the Dayton Power and light Company located?
Answer: Ohio
Question: In what year did the hubble space telescope finally get the nickel hydrogen battery?
Answer: 2009
Question: What theory is the hydrogen atom a big part of?
Answer: atomic structure
Question: When was the quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen atom developed?
Answer: 1920s
Question: What cause H2 to resemble monatomic gas?
Answer: spacing of the (quantized) rotational energy levels
Question: What theory supports this?
Answer: quantum theory
Question: What percent of atoms is hydrogen?
Answer: 90%
Question: What 2 forms of mass is most of the universe consisted of?
Answer: dark matter and dark energy
Question: Clouds of H2 form what?
Answer: stars
Question: Hydrogens electron and proton are not bound together in what state?
Answer: plasma
Question: in the interstellar medium, what state is hydrogen in?
Answer: neutral atomic state
Question: The neutral hydrogen found in the damped Lyman-alpha systems dominates what?
Answer: cosmological baryonic density of the Universe
Question: what produces hydrogen gas?
Answer: bacteria and algae
Question: What molecular form is found in the interstellar medium?
Answer: protonated molecular hydrogen
Question: What generates protonated molecular hydrogen?
Answer: ionization of molecular hydrogen from cosmic rays
Question: On what planet can you find  protonated molecular hydrogen?
Answer: Jupiter
Question: In what way can Neutral triatomic hydrogen exist?
Answer: excited form
Question: How does nature produce H2?
Answer: expelling reducing equivalents in biochemical reactions
Question: How do labs produce H2?
Answer: by-product of other reactions
Question: Where does the gaseous oxygen form at?
Answer: anode
Question: Where does the gaseous hydrogen form at?
Answer: cathode
Question: When you combine an alloy of alluminum and gallium to water, what do you get?
Answer: hydrogen
Question: What else can it produce?
Answer: alumina
Question: What can be reused after the formation?
Answer: the expensive gallium
Question: The most economical way to prepare hydrogen involves removing it from what?
Answer: hydrocarbons
Question: What temperature is needed for steam to react with methane?
Answer: 1000–1400 K, 700–1100 °C or 1300–2000 °F
Question: What is synthesis gas used for?
Answer: production of methanol
Question: Besides methane, what else can be used to produce synthesis gas?
Answer: Hydrocarbons
Question: How can it be recovered through steam?
Answer: use of carbon monoxide through the water gas shift reaction
Question: How is hydrogen produced as a co product?
Answer: Electrolysis of brine to yield chlorine
Question: What are the thermochemical cycyles in a testing phase for?
Answer: produce hydrogen and oxygen from water and heat without using electricity
Question: What are labs trying to produce hydrogen from?
Answer: solar energy and water
Question: What countries are testing this?
Answer: France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and the USA
Question: What does the anaerobic corrosion of iron lead to?
Answer: formation of ferrous hydroxide
Question: What is another name for formation of ferrous hydroxide?
Answer: green rust
Question: What does this process form?
Answer: magnetite and molecular hydrogen
Question: What reaction describes this process?
Answer: Schikorr reaction
Question: How is hydrogen produced when there is no atmospheric oxygen?
Answer: serpentinization by the anaerobic oxidation
Question: Where do you find silicate?
Answer: crystal lattice of the fayalite
Question: What are the consumers of H2 in petrochemical plant?
Answer: hydrodealkylation, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrocracking
Question: Where can you find soluble hydrogen?
Answer: nanocrystalline and amorphous metals
Question: What influences hydrogens solubility in metals?
Answer: local distortions or impurities in the crystal lattice
Question: When are these useful?
Answer: when hydrogen is purified by passage through hot palladium disks
Question: When is it damaging?
Answer: gas's high solubility is a metallurgical problem, contributing to the embrittlement of many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks
Question: How is H2 used in electrical generators at power stations?
Answer: as the rotor coolant
Question: Why is it used as the rotor coolant?
Answer: it has the highest thermal conductivity of any gas
Question: What research uses liquid H2?
Answer: cryogenic
Question: Why would one use hydrogen mixed with nitrogen?
Answer: as a tracer gas for minute leak detection
Question: What industries can you find these applications?
Answer: automotive, chemical, power generation, aerospace, and telecommunications
Question: How is hydrogen used as a food additive?
Answer: allows food package leak testing
Question: Where is tritium produced?
Answer: nuclear reactors
Question: What is tritium used for?
Answer: production of hydrogen bombs, as an isotopic label in the biosciences, and as a radiation source in luminous paints
Question: Why is it used as a coolant?
Answer: favorable properties that are a direct result of its light diatomic molecules
Question: What are these properties?
Answer: low density, low viscosity, and the highest specific heat and thermal conductivity of all gases
Question: Where does the sun get its energy from?
Answer: nuclear fusion of hydrogen
Question: How does hydrogen function when it s burned?
Answer: energy carrier
Question: What form of hydrogen has been discussed as a ussage for fuel?
Answer: elemental
Question: Why is hydrogen employed?
Answer: to saturate broken ("dangling") bonds of amorphous silicon and amorphous carbon that helps stabilizing material properties
Question: How is hydrogen used in oxide materials?
Answer: a potential electron donor
Question: What oxide materials use hydrogen as an electron donor?
Answer: ZnO, SnO2, CdO, MgO, ZrO2, HfO2, La2O3, Y2O3, TiO2, SrTiO3, LaAlO3, SiO2, Al2O3, ZrSiO4, HfSiO4, and SrZrO3
Question: When does hydrogen gas occur?
Answer: in the transfer of reducing equivalents produced during pyruvate fermentation to water
Question: What is the natural cycle of hydrogen production and consumption by organisms called?
Answer: hydrogen cycle
Question: Where does water splitting occur?
Answer: in the light reactions in all photosynthetic organisms
Question: What organisms can form H2 gas?
Answer: alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and cyanobacteria
Question: How are these gases formed?
Answer: by specialized hydrogenases in the chloroplast
Question: What threats can hydrogen cause to human saftey?
Answer: potential detonations and fires when mixed with air to being an asphyxiant in its pure, oxygen-free form
Question: What can hydrogen embrittlement lead to?
Answer: cracks and explosions
Question: What do physical and chemical properties of hydrogen depend on?
Answer: the parahydrogen/orthohydrogen ratio
Question: How long can it take to reach the equilibrium ratio?
Answer: days or weeks
Question: What do Hydrogen detonation parameters depend on?
Answer: container geometry
Question: On what date did the Space Race begin?
Answer: August 2, 1955
Question: Sputnik 1 started orbiting on what date?
Answer: October 4, 1957
Question: What was the date that the first human reached space?
Answer: April 12, 1961
Question: Which war in history did the Space Race begin to take root?
Answer: World War II
Question: A secretive army installation began in Kummersdorf-West in what year?
Answer: 1932
Question: During WWII, who was in charge of the German army's rocket program?
Answer: General Dornberger
Question: What was the first object to enter space?
Answer: Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket
Question: When did the Aggregate-4 (A-4) rocket reach space?
Answer: 1942 and 1943
Question: What military operation allowed the US to recruit the German engineer, Von Braun?
Answer: Operation Paperclip
Question: The US had captured what type of missiles during Operation Paperclip?
Answer: V2 rockets
Question: The German rocket center was located in what city?
Answer: Peenemünde
Question: Who was in charge of the Soviet rocket engineer team that went into Germany?
Answer: Sergei Korolev
Question: What year was Sergei Korolev arrested?
Answer: 1938
Question: Sergei Korolev died in what year?
Answer: 1966
Question: After the war, Sergei Korolev was known under what title?
Answer: USSR's chief rocket and spacecraft engineer
Question: What professor began working on solid-fuel rockets since 1914?
Answer: Robert H. Goddard
Question: Liquid-fueled rockets were developed in what year?
Answer: 1921
Question: The  United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground is located where?
Answer: New Mexico
Question: Von Braun and his associates were sent to  United States Army's White Sands Proving Ground in what year?
Answer: 1945
Question: The first two-stage rocket was developed in what year?
Answer: 1949
Question: The Army's new Redstone Arsenal is located in what city and state?
Answer: Huntsville, Alabama
Question: What year was the German rocket team moved to Alabama?
Answer: 1950
Question: What year did the US lose its monopoly to the atomic bomb?
Answer: 1949
Question: What type of bomb was first developed during the Cold War?
Answer: the hydrogen bomb
Question: ICBMs is an abbreviation for what?
Answer: intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles
Question: The SAC is an abbreviation for what US force?
Answer: Strategic Air Command
Question: During what decade, did a fear of communism oversweep the US?
Answer: 1950s
Question: How many casualties did the Soviet Union have during WWII?
Answer: 27 million
Question: The Soviet Union was first invaded by Nazi controlled Germany in what year?
Answer: 1941
Question: Until what year, was the US the sole possessor of the atomic bomb?
Answer: 1949
Question: In what year did Stalin order the development of ICBMs?
Answer: 1947
Question: What type of military force did the US possess a much larger fleet than the Soviet Union?
Answer: air force
Question: Who began developing the  R-7 Semyorka rocket?
Answer: Korolev
Question:  R-7 Semyorka rocket resembled closely to what other missile?
Answer: German G-4
Question: When was the R-7 Semyorka rocket tested successfully?
Answer: August 21, 1957
Question: The first satellite launched into space used what rocket?
Answer: R-7 Semyorka rocket
Question: The US Air Force began research of ICBMs in what year?
Answer: 1945
Question: What type of rocket was first researched by the Air Force?
Answer: MX-774
Question: The MX-774 was tested in what year?
Answer: 1947
Question: The Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family was tested where?
Answer: Cape Canaveral
Question: The Atlas-A first launched on what date?
Answer: June 11, 1957
Question: Who was president Dwight D. Eisenhower's press secretary?
Answer: James C. Hagerty
Question: The starting date for the Space Race was which date?
Answer: August 30, 1955
Question: A Jupiter-C was launched by Von Braum on what date?
Answer: September 20, 1956
Question: The civilian rocket and satellite project in the US was called what?
Answer: Vanguard
Question: Project Vanguard launch failed on what date?
Answer: December 6, 195
Question: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station is located in what state?
Answer: Florida
Question: in response to Project Vanguard's failed launch, what was the rocket the Soviet Union launched?
Answer: Jupiter-C rocket
Question: The first US satellite to launch without failure was on what date?
Answer: January 31, 1958
Question: The Explorer gathered what 3 measurements?
Answer: cosmic ray and radiation levels, the temperature in the spacecraft, and the frequency of collisions with micrometeorites
Question: Who was the Senate's Majority Leader in 1958?
Answer: Lyndon B. Johnson
Question: The National Aeronautics and Space Act was established in what year?
Answer: 1958
Question: What was NASA called before it became NASA?
Answer: National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics
Question: The first US satellite was launched on what date?
Answer: April 2, 1958
Question: The Redstone Arsenal became the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center when?
Answer: July 1, 1960
Question: Who was the first director in charge of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center?
Answer: von Braun
Question: How many attempts to the Moon did Luna E-1-class probes fail before successfully launching?
Answer: 4
Question: The first probe to land on the Moon was in what year?
Answer: 1959
Question: Which Luna probe successfully photographed the back side of the Moon?
Answer: Luna 3
Question: The Ranger program from 1959 was managed by what organization?
Answer: NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Question: The first spacecraft to make it to the Moon was what?
Answer: Ranger 4
Question: The first Ranger mission that didn't fail was which one?
Answer: Block III Ranger 7
Question: The Block III Ranger 7 mission successfully reached the moon on what date?
Answer: July 31, 1964
Question: What program led to the establishment of the Ranger program?
Answer: Luna
Question: Which country succesfully launched the first person into space in 1961?
Answer: the USSR
Question: The first ship to carry a human through space was called what?
Answer: Vostok 1
Question: How long did Yuri Gagarin orbit the earth in the spacecraft?
Answer: 108 minutes
Question: April 12, in the USSR, is what special day?
Answer: Cosmonautics Day
Question: What year was established as the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations?
Answer: 2011
Question: Man in Space Soonest was a program by which organization?
Answer: US Air Force
Question: Man in Space Soonest was reestablished as what in November 26, 1958?
Answer: Project Mercury
Question: When did Alan Shepard first arrive in space?
Answer: May 5, 1961
Question: The spaceship that carried Alan Shepard was named what?
Answer: Freedom 7
Question: The first person to have control over driving their spacecraft was whom?
Answer: Alan Shepard
Question: Which president awarded Alan Shepard the NASA Distinguished Service Medal?
Answer: John F. Kennedy
Question: President Kennedy sent a letter on April 20, 1961 to who about the US's space program?
Answer: Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson
Question: The speech by Kennedy, "Special Message on Urgent National Needs" was delivered on what date?
Answer: May 25
Question: "We choose to go to the Moon" speech was given at what location in Texas?
Answer: Rice University Stadium
Question: When did John Glenn orbit the Earth?
Answer: February 20, 1962
Question: Where did John Glenn land on Earth after coming back from orbit?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean
Question: John Glenn's spaceship was named what when he orbited the Earth?
Answer: Friendship 7
Question: What first person from the USSR controlled their own spacecraft?
Answer: Gherman Titov
Question: Gherman Titov from the USSR drove his own spacecraft on what date?
Answer: August 6, 1961
Question: Radio communication was possible between which two spacecrafts in August 11 and 12, 1962?
Answer: Vostok 3 and Vostok 4
Question: The first woman that went into space was whom?
Answer: Valentina Tereshkova
Question: What spacecraft carried  Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space?
Answer: Vostok 6
Question: The first woman to launch into space was on what date?
Answer: June 16, 1963
Question: The first woman to go into space was from which country?
Answer: The USSR
Question: At what event was the Vostok spaceship first displayed to the public ?
Answer: July 1961 Tushino air show
Question: When did US President John F. Kennedy, in a speech, propose to join forces to reach the moon with the USSR?
Answer: September 20, 1963
Question: How did US President Kennedy die?
Answer: assassination
Question: What two locations in Florida were renamed after Kennedy by President Johnson?
Answer: Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities
Question: Which two space programs were heavily worked on by President Johnson?
Answer: Gemini and Apollo
Question: How many people could the Gemini project carry?
Answer: 2
Question: On what date was the first successful three man astronaut crew?
Answer: October 12, 1964
Question: The first flight in a spacecraft that allowed no suits to be worn inside was was?
Answer: Voskhod 1
Question: The US Apollo Command Module flew without spacesuits in what year?
Answer: 1968
Question: Korolev died on what date?
Answer: January 14, 1966
Question: The Voskhod 2 carrying two humans was launched on what date?
Answer: March 18, 1965
Question: Who was the first person to take a spacewalk?
Answer: Alexey Leonov
Question: Which of two Voskhod 2's occupants was almost killed?
Answer: Alexey Leonov
Question: Who created the circumlunar program called Zond?
Answer: Vladimir Chelomey
Question: Which type of craft were two astronauts to fly in during Zond?
Answer: Soyuz 7K-L1
Question: The "Lunniy Korabl" or "LK" would carry how many people?
Answer: N1
Question: The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was established in what year?
Answer: 1959
Question: The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space was created by what organization in 1959?
Answer: United Nations
Question: A problem was resolved by whom when both the US and the USSR supported a cooperative space program?
Answer: Political Committee of the UN General Assembly
Question: The cooperative space program was passed on what date?
Answer: December 1962
Question: The Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space was signed by three countries on what date?
Answer: January 27, 1967
Question: Both crews were killed on which spacecraft missions in 1967?
Answer: Apollo and Soyuz
Question: The Outer Space Treaty was signed by the US and the USSR on what date?
Answer: January 27, 1967
Question: What was the cause of the fire that killed everyone on the first Apollo mission before launch?
Answer: electrical spark
Question: Who were the three people who died on the first Apollo mission before launch?
Answer: Command Pilot Virgil "Gus" Grissom, Senior Pilot Edward H. White, and Pilot Roger Chaffee
Question: Who was the person credited with the first in-flight space death?
Answer: Vladimir Komarov
Question: When did Vladimir Komarov die on impact from his spacecraft crash?
Answer: April 24, 1967
Question: Apollo 7 launched from Earth on what date?
Answer: October 11, 1968
Question: Who was in charge of the Apollo 7 mission on board?
Answer: Walter Schirra
Question: The Soyuz 3 began its mission to space on what date?
Answer: October 26, 1968
Question: When was the first successful docking of a two man space crew?
Answer: January 1969
Question: Which two space missions were the first to successfully dock each other?
Answer: Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5
Question: Where was the Zond 4 over when it was destroyed by an explosion?
Answer: Gulf of Guinea
Question: The first successful water landing in the Indian Ocean by the Soviets was was when?
Answer: 1968
Question: What animal was carried aboard the  Zond 5?
Answer: tortoises
Question: The first Lunar Module was delayed to what date?
Answer: March 1969
Question: Which three people were the first to ride the Saturn V rocket into space?
Answer: Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders
Question: What date did Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders leave Earth on the Apollo 8 mission?
Answer: December 21, 1968
Question: During what holiday, was the Apollo 8 mission broadcast from orbit?
Answer: Christmas Eve
Question: Which ocean did the Apolo 8 mission land in?
Answer: Pacific
Question: How close to the ground was the Lunar Module in May 1969 during its landing test?
Answer: 47,400 feet
Question: The Lunar Module completed its first low Earth orbit on what date?
Answer: March 1969
Question: The Soviet, N1 Rocket exploded and was destroyed on what date?
Answer: July 3, 1969
Question: Apollo 11 mission was to land where on the Moon?
Answer: Sea of Tranquility
Question: When did the Apollo 11 mission launch?
Answer: July 16, 1969
Question: What state did the Saturn V rocket launch from?
Answer: Florida
Question: When was the crew chosen to participate on the Apollo 11 mission?
Answer: January 1969
Question: How long did the trip to the Moon last for the crew of the Apollo 11?
Answer: three days
Question: The Lunar Module of the Apollo 11 was named after what animal?
Answer: Eagle
Question: Who was the first human to take a step on the Moon?
Answer: Armstrong
Question: At what time on Earth did Armstrong first step onto the Moon?
Answer: 9:56 pm CDT July 20
Question: When did they launch from the Moon to reattach to the Columbia?
Answer: The next day
Question: When did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?
Answer: July 24, 1969
Question: Where did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?
Answer: Pacific Ocean
Question: When did the Apollo 14 mission land successfully?
Answer: February 1971
Question: Apollo 15 landed on the Moon on what date?
Answer: July 1971
Question: On what date was the Apollo 16 successful on landing on the Moon?
Answer: April 1972
Question: Apollo 17 landed on the Moon on which date?
Answer: December 1972
Question: Which year did the USSR cancel the N1 rocket program after two failures that didn't launch?
Answer: 1976
Question: The USSR launched their first space station on what date?
Answer: April 19, 1971
Question: Who made up the crew of the Soyuz 11?
Answer: Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski and Viktor Patsayev
Question: The station, Salyut 1, came back to Earth on which date?
Answer: October 11
Question: How long did the station, Salyut 1, stay in orbit?
Answer: 175 days
Question: Why did The Durable Orbital Station-2 not reach orbit?
Answer: rocket failure
Question: The Skylab 1 was launched on which date?
Answer: May 14, 1973
Question: How much did the Skylab 1 weigh?
Answer: 169,950 pounds
Question: When did the Skylab 1 finally come back to Earth?
Answer: July 11, 1979
Question: Which two world leaders had negotiations that relieved the Cold War?
Answer: Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev
Question: When did President Nixon and Brezhnev of the USSR end the Cold War?
Answer: May 1972
Question: Which Soyuz mission in December 1974 was to be used for the ASTP?
Answer: 16
Question: Soyuz 19 took off from Earth on what date?
Answer: July 15, 1975
Question: Which Russian rocket carries passengers to and from the International Space Station?
Answer: R-7 rocket
Question: The United States' National Defense Education Act was established in what year?
Answer: 1958
Question: What platform is a browser used on?
Answer: World Wide Web
Question: What does URL mean?
Answer: Uniform Resource Identifier
Question: What allows a person to direct their browser to a resource?
Answer: Hyperlinks
Question: What is the definition of the World Wide Web?
Question: What helps identify the WWW?
Question: What are examples of the WWW?
Question: What does content present in applications help users do?
Question: What is something that identifies how a video plays in a software application?
Question: In addition to accessing the Internet, browsers can also access info that is put there by web servers in what?
Answer: private networks
Question: A browser can also access files where?
Answer: file systems
Question: What can information access when used?
Question: What are private networks primarily intended to use?
Question: Where are browsers located?
Question: Where is a browser so you are able to find it later?
Question: The primary function of file systems is to use what?
Question: Who invented the first browser?
Answer: Sir Tim Berners-Lee
Question: What was Berners-Lee a director of?
Answer: the World Wide Web Consortium
Question: What organization did Berners-Lee create?
Answer: World Wide Web Foundation
Question: When did Sir Tim Berners Le invent the WWW?
Question: What was the W3C later renamed?
Question: What does WordWideweb oversee?
Question: What group did Nexus start?
Question: What did Nexus invent in 1990?
Question: When was Mosaic released?
Answer: 1993
Question: When Andreessen left the company he worked for, what new company did he start?
Answer: Netscape
Question: What browser did Andreessen release in 1994?
Answer: Netscape Navigator
Question: What did the World Wide Web help release in the 1990's?
Question: What did the release of Mosaic in 1994 by NCSA lead to?
Question: What company was started by Mosaic?
Question: When was the NCSA Navigator released by Mosaic?
Question: What percentage of web use did Mosaic have at its peak in 1993?
Question: When did Microsoft release Internet Explorer?
Answer: 1995
Question: The release of Internet Explorer started the first what?
Answer: browser war
Question: What was bundled with Internet Explorer?
Answer: Windows
Question: When did Microsoft release Mosaic?
Question: What did Microsoft releasing Mosaic cause?
Question: What was Mosaic bundled with?
Question: What did Mosaic gain after it was released by Microsoft?
Question: By what percentage was Mosaic being used in 1995?
Question: What accounted for 1.1% of browser use in April 2011?
Answer: Opera-mini version
Question: Opera focused on which quickly growing market?
Answer: mobile phone web browser
Question: Opera is also available on which video game console?
Answer: Nintendo's Wii
Question: What program debuted in February 2012?
Question: When was the Nintendo Wii introduced?
Question: What market did Nintendo focus on to expand its use?
Question: How has usage of the Nintendo Wii been shown over time?
Question: How many game consoles has Nintendo sold?
Question: Netscape wanted to have a competitive browser using what?
Answer: open source software model
Question: What was the resulting browser for the Mozilla Foundation?
Answer: Firefox
Question: When was Firefox released?
Answer: late 2004
Question: What did Firefox launch in 1998?
Question: How much usage share did Netscape have in 1998?
Question: At what point did open source software gain popularity?
Question: What software model was released in 1998?
Question: What percentage of the open source model did Netscape have shortly after release?
Question: Who created Safari?
Answer: Apple
Question: When was Apple founded?
Question: When did web browsers become active?
Question: When did the browser market become dominant in software?
Question: How much software was released by Safari in January 2003?
Question: When did the entire browser market begin beta release of software?
Question: When was Chrome released?
Answer: September 2008
Question: As Chrome usage increases, which browser usage has continued to decrease?
Answer: Internet Explorer
Question: When did Chrome become more used than all versions of Internet Explorer?
Answer: May 2012
Question: In what year was Internet Explorer released?
Question: By how much did IE double its usage share?
Question: When did Internet Explorer 8 overtake Chrome as the more popular browser?
Question: What was IE's increase in usage percentage in August 2011?
Question: When did the usage of IE surpass all versions of Chrome combined?
Question: Internet Explorer was partially funded in what two ways?
Answer: sales of Windows to computer manufacturers and direct to users
Question: What other OS could use Internet Explorer?
Answer: Mac
Question: What program was bundled free with Java?
Question: What helped to partly fund Java?
Question: For what OS was Java formerly available for?
Question: Why was Java available for the Mac?
Question: In what other way did Java contribute to Windows and Microsoft application sales?
Question: Who investigated the bundling of the IE browser with Windows OS?
Answer: the European Commission
Question: When did the European Commission say they would investigate the bundling?
Answer: January 2009
Question: The Commission felt that bundling the browser with Windows computers harmed what?
Answer: competition between web browsers
Question: The Commission felt that the bundling undermined what?
Answer: product innovation
Question: What would Microsoft investigate in January 2009?
Question: In what year was Microsoft investigating the European Commission?
Question: What did the Commission undermine according to Microsoft?
Question: What was reduced by the Commission according to Microsoft?
Question: What action is harmed by the Commision according to Microsoft?
Question: What are mobile devices included with?
Question: What were sales of Apple computers funded by?
Question: What was Apple originally funded by?
Question: What did Apple customers provide to Apple?
Question: What do the OS X and i OS provide?
Question: Which company pays Firefox to make their search engine the default on their browser?
Answer: Google
Question: What other browser has Google as the default search engine?
Answer: Chrome
Question: The increased revenue funds what, in addition to Google?
Answer: Google Chrome
Question: Why do web browsers pay search engine companies?
Question: Why does Mozilla pay Google?
Question: What lets Google not charge users for using Chrome?
Question: What increases ad revenue for Firefox?
Question: What funds development at Mozilla?
Question: What is the main use of a browser?
Answer: to bring information resources to the user
Question: What is the primary purpose of a computer having access?
Question: How does display rendering function?
Question: How does an OS access other information?
Question: What lets an OS see information?
Question: What lets an OS find other information?
Question: What is the determining factor in how a URL will be interpreted?
Answer: The prefix of the URL
Question: What does http stand for?
Answer: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Question: What does ftp stand for?
Answer: File Transfer Protocol
Question: A news: prefix is given to the user's what?
Answer: default newsgroup reader
Question: What does the prefix of the default newsgroup reader determine?
Question: What does the most common form of local file start with?
Question: What does a common browser identify?
Question: What happens to newsgroup readers the web browser can't handle directly?
Question: Where are ftp's passed on to?
Question: What is it called when content is changed from markup to an interactive document?
Answer: rendering
Question: Browsers typically have plug-ins to support what?
Answer: Flash applications and Java applets
Question: Browsers have you save to disk so they can support what?
Question: What is it called when resources are changed from being unsupported to being downloaded?
Question: What files can be displayed when a file is unsupported?
Question: What unsupported content can resources display that is part of a webpage?
Question: What process happens to plug-ins saved to disk?
Question: How does a user read URI?
Question: Why does a computer create hyperlinks?
Question: What happens when a hyperlink is created?
Question: What makes a computer take longer to find information?
Question: What happens when a user can't find information?
Question: Features on a browser can range from minimal with little support to what?
Answer: rich user interfaces
Question: When a browser includes a lot of extras, it can be referred to as what?
Answer: Internet suites
Question: What does IRC stand for?
Answer: Internet Relay Chat
Question: What are some features that IRC has?
Question: What are IRC's sometimes referred to as?
Question: What are some features of HTML?
Question: What are some extra features included in IRC?
Question: What does e-mail also support?
Question: What does not allow windows to pop up without consent?
Answer: pop-up blockers
Question: What do all pop-up blockers allow in a window?
Question: What can be open without the user's consent in a window?
Question: Where do unwanted windows open in a browser?
Question: Where do browsers allow pop-ups to open?
Question: What do information resources allow to pop-up in a window?
Question: A computer program that continues the functionality of a browser is called what?
Answer: browser extension
Question: What extends development of computer functionality?
Question: Why does a computer create a browser extension?
Question: What does making a computer program support?
Question: What does every computer program support?
Question: What happens when a computer program is created?
Question: A list of websites a user can click to get back to easy have been what by the user?
Answer: bookmarked
Question: What are "bookmarks" called in Internet Explorer?
Answer: Favorites
Question: The top browsers have a built-in what?
Answer: feed aggregator
Question: Firefox does web feeds as what?
Answer: live bookmarks
Question: The Opera feed reader is more what?
Answer: traditional
Question: What are live bookmarks called in Opera?
Question: What is built in to all bookmarks?
Question: How do bookmarks behave in IE?
Question: How are feed aggregators formatted as in Opera?
Question: What kind of web pages are included in IE?
Question: Cache, download history, cookies, browsing and what else can be quickly deleted in browsers?
Answer: form and search history
Question: A comparison of browser must be seen to know what?
Answer: current security vulnerabilities
Question: What do most cookies support?
Question: What does comparing browsing history show about your computer?
Question: What does comparison of web browsers offer you to do quickly?
Question: How do you know if your web cache is secure?
Question: What do most web browser comparisons support?
Question: Quick development of what kind of browsers led to non-standard HTML dialects?
Answer: proprietary web browsers
Question: Non-standard dialects led to what?
Answer: problems with interoperability
Question: Modern browser support standards-based and defacto what?
Answer: HTML and XHTML
Question: HTML and XHTML should be what by all browsers?
Answer: rendered in the same way
Question: What did early XHTML support?
Question: What did the rapid development of modern web browsers lead to?
Question: What problems arose after the development of modern web browsers?
Question: How should non-standard dialects be treated by all browsers?
Question: What are two things that a simple HTML version supports?
Question: A user interface, UI backend, layout engine and other things are part of what?
Answer: Web browsers
Question: The layout engine, rendering engine, user interface and other things are components that offer different what of web browsers?
Answer: functionalities
Question: What are two things that make up a UI backend?
Question: What does a JavaScript interpreter achieve in a layout engine?
Question: What do a rendering engine and a user interface create when only used with each other?
Question: What parts of a layout engine make up a data persistence component?
Question: What does a user interface achieve when part of a UI backend?
Question: What is the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System?
Answer: a Chinese satellite navigation system
Question: How many satellite constellations does the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System have?
Answer: two separate satellite constellations
Question: What are the two satellite constellations?
Answer: a limited test system that has been operating since 2000, and a full-scale global navigation system
Question: How long has the limited test system been operating?
Answer: since 2000
Question: How is the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System written in traditional Chinese?
Answer: 北斗衛星導航系統
Question: What is the Limited Navigation Satellite System?
Question: The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System consists of 3 separate what?
Question: What type of system has been operating since 2010?
Question: Which system is no longer under construction?
Question: What was the first BeiDou system called?
Answer: the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System
Question: Who does the BeiDou-1 operate for?
Answer: mainly for customers in China and neighboring regions
Question: What is another name for the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System?
Answer: BeiDou-1
Question: How many satellites does the BeiDou-1 have?
Answer: three
Question: How long has the BeiDou-1 been operating?
Answer: since 2000