huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What genre of music are bands like Feist and Wilco?
Answer: indie rock
Question: Along with Mumford & Sons, Of Monsters & Men, Ed Sheeran and The Lumineers, what indie artist has had adult contemporary success?
Answer: Imagine Dragons
Question: In what decade did indie musicians first began getting attention from the adult contemporary audience?
Answer: 2000s
Question: Along with the recession, what broad economic trend marked the decline of adult contemporary radio stations?
Answer: the 2005-2007 economic downturn
Question: Along with CHR, Top 40 and Latino, what format have former AC stations transitioned to?
Answer: urban
Question: What AC format is still viable?
Answer: hot AC
Question: Declining sales of what items harmed the adult contemporary genre?
Answer: physical record
Question: Generally speaking, what is the earliest decade represented by the "oldies" on soft AC stations?
Answer: 1960s
Question: Along with R&B, pop and rock, what genre of music is represented on modern soft AC stations?
Answer: jazz
Question: What genre of music do new songs on soft AC stations often belong to?
Answer: "easy listening"
Question: During what period did soft AC stations attempt to reinvent themselves?
Answer: the late 2000s/early 2010s
Question: What radio format was described as being "the acoustic equivalent to Prozac"?
Answer: soft adult contemporary
Question: What decade saw the birth of the soft adult contemporary format?
Answer: 1970s
Question: What radio station introduced the term "soft rock"?
Answer: WEEI-FM
Question: Where was the station that introduced the term "soft rock" based?
Answer: Boston
Question: What processed meat, featured in WEEI-FM's ad slogan, rhymes with Joni?
Answer: baloney
Question: Along with MOR, easy listening and soft rock, what format is soft adult contemporary a successor to?
Answer: beautiful music
Question: What occupation is stereotypical held by soft adult contemporary listeners?
Answer: office workers
Question: What advertising demographic is soft adult contemporary marketed towards?
Answer: females aged 25–54
Question: What station first introduced the tagline "everyone at work can agree on"?
Answer: KOST
Question: Along with romantic and sexual relationships, family and work, what do soft adult contemporary songs sometimes discuss?
Answer: raising children
Question: Music from what two decades is notably featured on the soft AC format?
Answer: 1960s and 1970s
Question: Along with classic R&B, what genre is notably featured on soft AC stations?
Answer: soul
Question: What radio station format is soft AC often contrasted with?
Answer: hot AC
Question: What radio station formats faced demographic pressures in the 1960s and 70s?
Answer: jazz and big band
Question: What radio station format is facing demographic pressures in the present day?
Answer: oldies
Question: What radio station format have many of the former soft AC artists moved to?
Answer: adult standards
Question: Certain soft AC stations have found a niche on the radio by doing what?
Answer: incorporating more oldies
Question: Why are adult standards format radio stations declining?
Answer: aging demographics
Question: Along with Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony, what notable artist is featured on the soft AC format?
Answer: Frank Sinatra
Question: Along with classic hits, what type of music do hot adult contemporary stations feature?
Answer: contemporary mainstream music
Question: What is the primary audience of hot adult contemporary format stations?
Answer: adult
Question: What demographic do hot AC stations featuring more pop and alternative rock focus on?
Answer: Generation Z
Question: Along with urban and rhythmic dance tracks, what genre is featured on hot AC stations with a younger audience?
Answer: teen pop
Question: Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue are artists in what genre of music?
Answer: dance-pop
Question: What type of band are Backstreet Boys and Westlife?
Answer: boybands
Question: What genre of music is played by Westlife?
Answer: power pops
Question: What genre of music is played by The Eagles?
Answer: soft rock
Question: What is the target age range of Hot AC stations?
Answer: 18-54
Question: What station did Mike Marino work for in 1997?
Answer: KMXB
Question: Where was the radio station KMXB based in 1997?
Answer: Las Vegas
Question: What age demographic is modern rock radio focused on?
Answer: 18-34
Question: What is the sex of the listeners modern rock radio is geared towards?
Answer: men
Question: Unlike modern rock radio, what sex is adult contemporary radio said to appeal to?
Answer: women
Question: What race is the target demographic of Urban AC radio?
Answer: African-American
Question: Who is an example of an artist played on Urban AC format radio stations?
Answer: Des'ree
Question: What is the name of the popular album released by Des'ree?
Answer: I Ain't Movin'
Question: What is the ethnicity of artists commonly played on urban adult contemporary radio?
Answer: black
Question: What genre of music is not played frequently on urban AC?
Answer: hip-hop
Question: What two genres of music are popular on urban AC?
Answer: R&B and soul music
Question: Along with Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey, who is a well-known urban AC artist?
Answer: Luther Vandross
Question: What adult contemporary radio format is urban AC not similar to?
Answer: hot AC
Question: What radio format is similar to urban AC but features older soul and R&B songs?
Answer: rhythmic oldies
Question: What is the earliest decade of music typically featured on the rhythmic oldies format?
Answer: 1960s
Question: What is the most recent decade music from which music can be heard on a rhythmic oldies station?
Answer: 1990s
Question: What is the target demographic of the rhythmic oldies format?
Answer: African-Americans
Question: What is the name of the radio format that is a mixture of urban and soft adult contemporary?
Answer: quiet storm
Question: At what time of day is the quiet storm format played?
Answer: the evening
Question: What is the typical ethnicity of artists played on quiet storm stations?
Answer: Black and Latino
Question: Along with Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Teena Marie, Lalah Hathaway, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue, what artist is popular on quiet storm stations?
Answer: Vanessa L. Williams
Question: Along with urban adult contemporary and smooth jazz, what station format might feature music from Sade?
Answer: mainstream AC
Question: What other format is sometimes played on urban AC stations?
Answer: smooth jazz
Question: When might you hear smooth jazz on a soft AC station?
Answer: the weekends
Question: What is a more recent name for the smooth jazz format?
Answer: Smooth AC
Question: What was the smooth jazz format renamed?
Answer: to lure younger listeners
Question: Along with soft AC, on what station format might adult contemporary R&B be featured?
Answer: urban AC
Question: What features are emphasized in adult contemporary R&B music?
Answer: songcraft and sophistication
Question: Along with smooth soul and quiet storm, what genre influenced adult contemporary R&B?
Answer: Philly soul
Question: During what decade was smooth soul popular?
Answer: 1970s
Question: Along with drum machines and synthesizers, what electronic instruments are often found in modern R&B-based music?
Answer: sequencers
Question: What genre of music did Patti Austin perform?
Answer: jazz-R&B fusion
Question: Of what genre was the musician Keith Sweat?
Answer: crossover R&B
Question: During what decade were musicians like Al Jarreau and Luther Vandross notably successful?
Answer: 1980s
Question: What type of songs was Leona Lewis known for?
Answer: ballads
Question: Who wrote Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You?
Answer: Babyface
Question: What genre of music is performed by MercyMe?
Answer: Christian AC
Question: What publication includes Christian AC with its format charts?
Answer: Radio & Records
Question: Along with mainstream AC, what format has also featured Christian AC artists on a crossover basis?
Answer: hot AC
Question: What AC format is especially known for playing Christmas music in the Christmas season?
Answer: soft AC
Question: During what two months does the Christmas season take place?
Answer: November and December
Question: Along with Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, The Carpenters, Percy Faith and Andy Williams, who is an artist played on AC stations around Christmastime but not otherwise?
Answer: Johnny Mathis
Question: When does Christmas music on AC format stations usually begin?
Answer: the week before Thanksgiving Day
Question: When is the earlier of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations typically ends?
Answer: after Christmas Day
Question: When is the later of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations usually ends?
Answer: New Year's Day
Question: When is the earliest an AC station will switch to a Christmas format?
Answer: the beginning of November
Question: What two formats pioneered the Christmas music tradition in the 1960s?
Answer: beautiful music and easy listening
Question: What term is used interchangeably with daylight saving time?
Answer: summer time
Question: What period of time do we set our clocks forward in DST?
Answer: one hour
Question: What do we get an extra hour of because we set the clocks forward?
Answer: daylight
Question: In what season do regions who practice DST set the clocks back one hour?
Answer: autumn
Question: By setting the clocks forward, the normal time of what daily event is disrupted?
Answer: sunrise
Question: From what country did George Hudson hail?
Answer: New Zealand
Question: In what year was modern daylight saving first proposed?
Answer: 1895
Question: Besides Austria-Hungary, what country first put DST into effect?
Answer: Germany
Question: What industry having to do with shopping benefits from DST?
Answer: retailing
Question: In addition to entertainment events that take place after working hours, what profession might suffer because of DST?
Answer: farming
Question: Research on DST is uncertain because we aren't sure how it affects the use of what?
Answer: energy
Question: What can be affected by DST that might disrupt plans for a vacation?
Answer: travel
Question: When the clock on your laptop adjusts to DST without you resetting the clock, what is controlling the change?
Answer: Computer software
Question: What do jurisdictions sometimes change that mixes up DST dates and times?
Answer: policy
Question: What important part of daily life might be disturbed because of DST changing what time you go to bed?
Answer: sleep patterns
Question: What kind of societies usually follow a regular daily schedule year-round?
Answer: Industrialized
Question: What kind of societies rely on solar time and daylight that changes with the seasons?
Answer: agrarian
Question: In what part of the world is daytime shorter in winter and longer in summer?
Answer: North and south of the tropics
Question: What is the tilt of the Earth that causes solar time to change called?
Answer: axial tilt
Question: How much earlier do people's routines happen because of daylight savings?
Answer: one hour
Question: In which season is the policy of setting clocks ahead least practical?
Answer: winter
Question: Does setting the clocks ahead add an hour of daylight before or after the normal workday?
Answer: after
Question: What is the schedule of time called when it is not daylight savings time?
Answer: Standard Time
Question: What two sources of energy use do DST proponents say are reduced by the time change?
Answer: lighting and heating
Question: What word describes the approximate rates at which sunset and sunrise change with the seasons?
Answer: equal
Question: Do those who favor DST say people would rather have an extra hour of daylight before or after their usual workday?
Answer: after
Question: Is it the supporters or opponents of Daylight Saving Time who say it significantly reduces energy use?
Answer: Supporters
Question: What latitudes see more extreme changes in the length of their days and nights throughout the year?
Answer: higher latitudes
Question: What region of the earth sees little change in daylight from season to season?
Answer: near the equator
Question: How much impact does the times of daylight and night have on areas like Iceland or Alaska?
Answer: little
Question: Would observing Daylight Saving Time have a small or large effect on how light it is during the workday in areas at high latitudes?
Answer: small
Question: As compared to areas with lower latitudes, what kind of change do areas with high latitudes see in the length of day through the seasons?
Answer: extreme
Question: What did the Romans call the third hour before sunrise?
Answer: hora tertia
Question: During the summer solstice, for how many minutes did hora tertia last for the Romans?
Answer: 75
Question: What type of religious ceremonies are still observed according to the traditional, unequal time settings?
Answer: Jewish
Question: Who first published the proverb about waking up early and going to bed early to be "healthy, wealthy, and wise"?
Answer: Benjamin Franklin
Question: Which group of people did Franklin say would save candles by waking up earlier?
Answer: Parisians
Question: In what year did Ben Franklin write a satire suggesting firing cannons at sunrise to wake people up?
Answer: 1784
Question: What kind of transportation network helped encourage keeping more exact schedules?
Answer: rail
Question: In addition to cannon fire, what did Franklin suggest to act as Parisians' alarm clock?
Answer: ringing church bells
Question: What did George Hudson spend time collecting when he wasn't working?
Answer: insects
Question: What year did Hudson first present his two-hour daylight saving theory to the Wellington Philosophical Society?
Answer: 1895
Question: Some people believe it wasn't Hudson who created DST, but an Englishman by what name?
Answer: William Willett
Question: Who was the member of Parliament who brought a bill about Daylight Saving Time to the House of Commons in 1908?
Answer: Robert Pearce
Question: What is the German word for Daylight Saving Time?
Answer: Sommerzeit
Question: What natural resource were Germany and Austria-Hungary trying to conserve by using DST?
Answer: coal
Question: What year did the United States get on board with DST?
Answer: 1918
Question: What event in the 1970s led more regions of North America to use DST?
Answer: energy crisis
Question: What country joined Canada, the UK, and Ireland in continuing to observe Daylight Saving Time after the war?
Answer: Ireland
Question: Daylight Saving Time was used commonly during what war?
Answer: Second World War
Question: Along with North America, what continent was affected heavily by the 1970s energy crisis?
Answer: Europe
Question: Has the world seen many or few changes in the observation of DST?
Answer: many
Question: Countries might change their DST policy by enactments, adjustments, and what other type of policy changes?
Answer: repeals
Question: At what local time does the United States change the time?
Answer: 02:00
Question: Technically, how many hours does the day the time change happens have in the spring?
Answer: 23
Question: In the fall, DST means one hour is repeated, which means the day is actually how many hours long?
Answer: 25
Question: At the time change to DST, what will a digital clock read just after 01:59:59.9?
Answer: 03:00:00.0
Question: Daylight Saving Time is sometimes called summer time, but the clocks are actually moved forward in which season?
Answer: spring
Question: What do we avoid disrupting by doing the time shift during days most people don't work?
Answer: weekday schedules
Question: Which time zone in Europe always has a one-hour lead on Central European Time?
Answer: Eastern European Time
Question: For one hour each spring, how far ahead of Pacific Time is Mountain Time in the United States?
Answer: two hours
Question: In 2008, what month and day did Western Australia change their clocks?
Answer: October 26
Question: At DST in the fall, how long does it stay the same time in both Pacific and Mountain time in the United States?
Answer: one hour
Question: In addition to much of the state of Arizona, what U.S. state does not ever change their clocks for DST?
Answer: Hawaii
Question: European Summer Time begins in March and ends in what month?
Answer: October
Question: What act in the U.S. brought about the 2007 change in DST policy?
Answer: the Energy Policy Act of 2005
Question: What government body is allowed to change the DST policy in the United States back to the dates observed from 1987 to 2006?
Answer: Congress
Question: Supporters of the November end to DST name what U.S. holiday as the justification for keeping the change through the end of October?
Answer: Halloween
Question: In the southern hemisphere, what aspect of DST is about the reverse of that of the northern hemisphere?
Answer: Beginning and ending dates
Question: At what local time does Chile change their clocks for DST?
Answer: 24:00
Question: What day of the week does DST begin and end in Chile?
Answer: Saturday
Question: In the Northern hemisphere's summer, what is the time difference between the UK and Chile?
Answer: five hours
Question: During what season in the Southern hemisphere is there a three-hour time difference between mainland Chile and the United Kingdom?
Answer: summer
Question: What part of Brazil does not observe DST?
Answer: equatorial Brazil
Question: Which two continents that comprise a majority of the population worldwide don't observe DST?
Answer: Asia and Africa
Question: The lack of fluctuation in time for what daily event means regions of the world near the equator don't usually keep DST?
Answer: sunrise
Question: What leader said daylight saving gives people more "opportunities for the pursuit of health and happiness"?
Answer: Winston Churchill
Question: What nickname have people in opposition to DST given it?
Answer: Daylight Slaving Time
Question: In addition to the evening entertainment industry, people from what industry often oppose daylight saving?
Answer: agricultural
Question: Traditionally, retailing, tourism, and what other industry have been in favor of DST?
Answer: sports
Question: Along with energy crisis, what other significant historical event led to countries adopting DST?
Answer: war
Question: Which political supporter of Willett's proposal had already used the half-hour version of DST at Sandringham?
Answer: Edward VII
Question: What was the name of the director of the Meteorological Office who opposed DST?
Answer: Napier Shaw
Question: What year did Parliament first take a vote and decide against implementing daylight savings?
Answer: 1909
Question: Who was responsible for bringing a bill proposing DST to the U.S. House of Representatives?
Answer: Andrew Peters
Question: What industrialist from Pittsburgh campaigned strongly in favor of DST?
Answer: Robert Garland
Question: What year did the U.S. go to war, leading to wider acceptance of daylight savings?
Answer: 1917
Question: What year did the United States finally adopt Daylight Saving Time?
Answer: 1918
Question: Which country continued to observe DST nationwide despite the fact that the war had ended?
Answer: Britain
Question: What spring holiday did Britain adjust its DST schedule around?
Answer: Easter
Question: After what year was daylight savings repealed in the U.S.?
Answer: 1919
Question: What sport did President Wilson enjoy that made him not want to give up DST?
Answer: golf
Question: What U.S. city kept observing DST to stay in sync with London, leading Chicago and Cleveland to follow along?
Answer: New York
Question: What month and year were two neighboring cities in Minnesota on different time schedules?
Answer: May 1965
Question: What state supported DST because it wanted to sell more potatoes?
Answer: Idaho
Question: What company joined Clorox in funding the Daylight Saving Time Coalition in the 1980s?
Answer: 7-Eleven
Question: What year was the extension to U.S. daylight savings proposed by the DST Coalition?
Answer: 1987
Question: What year did the U.S. see standardization of DST outside of wartime for the first time?
Answer: 1966
Question: What percentage of Queensland voted against the daylight saving referendum in 1992?
Answer: 54.5%
Question: What was the name of Queensland's political party set up solely to support their particular DST arrangement?
Answer: Daylight Saving for South East Queensland
Question: In Australia, were rural or urban areas generally more strongly opposed to DST?
Answer: rural
Question: What member of Queensland Parliament was responsible for finally bringing the DST for South East Queensland referendum to a vote?
Answer: Peter Wellington
Question: What was the name of the organization that supported adding an additional hour to their clocks all year?
Answer: the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents
Question: Joining farmers, what other kind of workers opposed SDST?
Answer: postal workers
Question: What regions of the United Kingdom were generally against SDST?
Answer: northern regions
Question: What do Muslims call the month when they fast between sunup and sundown?
Answer: Ramadan
Question: What would DST delay if observed during the Muslim holy month?
Answer: the evening dinner
Question: What Muslim country continues to observe DST during Ramadan?
Answer: Iran
Question: When was Ramadan in 2012?
Answer: July and August
Question: What year did Russia decide to never turn its clocks back?
Answer: 2011
Question: What country other than Russia declared they'd stay in DST all year?
Answer: Belarus
Question: Was Russia or Belarus first in their declaration?
Answer: Russia
Question: Which season's dark mornings led to people complaining about the switch from DST?
Answer: winter
Question: What year did Russia give up on the all-year DST and go back to Standard Time?
Answer: 2014
Question: Which group is more likely to support DST: urban workers or rural farmers?
Answer: urban workers
Question: If people have more daylight in the evenings, what season might see a rise in outdoor activity?
Answer: summer
Question: Would those in favor of DST argue that it causes people to use more electricity or saves energy?
Answer: saves energy
Question: What major health risk do people who oppose DST say it increases?
Answer: heart attack
Question: What profession is more likely to want to repeal DST: farmers or shopkeepers?
Answer: Farmers
Question: What adjective would those against DST use to describe the energy savings touted by supporters?
Answer: inconclusive
Question: What time of day do opponents of daylight savings believe is disrupted the most by the time shift?
Answer: morning
Question: Most people agree that a standardized schedule by DST is more practical than trying to do what in the morning on our own?
Answer: get up earlier
Question: What electronic device might people work their schedules around instead of paying close attention to DST?
Answer: television
Question: During what season is DST usually not observed because of the detriments of dark mornings?
Answer: winter
Question: What indirect benefit of DST might cause some areas to observe it even though they don't get any direct benefits like cost or energy savings?
Answer: coordination with others
Question: What percentage of all electricity usage in the U.S. and Canada is from residential lighting?
Answer: 3.5%
Question: DST will reduce electricity use in the evening but increase it during what time of the day?
Answer: morning
Question: When DST was first proposed, what type of lighting was consuming the most electricity?
Answer: incandescent
Question: Along with geography and economics, what variable often affects how much electricity an area uses?
Answer: climate
Question: Whose satire that was published in 1784 pointed out that daylight saving would only reduce electricity usage if the increase in the mornings was less than the savings in the evenings?
Answer: Franklin
Question: What year was the DOE report about fuel consumption published?
Answer: 2008
Question: What happened regarding DST in 2007 in the United States that probably led to the DOE investigation?
Answer: extension of DST
Question: What category of goods that are used in outdoor activities benefit from the extra hour of daylight from DST?
Answer: sporting goods
Question: What organization predicted a $100 million increase for the golf sector because of extended DST?
Answer: the National Golf Foundation
Question: What year did Fortune magazine make predictions about the increased revenue an extended daylight savings would provide?
Answer: 1984
Question: According to a study in 1999, daylight savings has caused what approximate percentage of increase in leisure industry revenue in the European Union?
Answer: 3%
Question: How much extra money from DST did Fortune predict for 7-Eleven on account of DST?
Answer: $30 million
Question: Is it better to harvest grain before or after the morning dew evaporates?
Answer: after
Question: What animal on dairy farms is affected by timing?
Answer: cows
Question: What does earlier milk delivery do to cows?
Answer: disrupts their systems
Question: Some farmers oppose DST because their farm laborers arrive to work and leave later or earlier?
Answer: earlier
Question: Besides farmers, what other group of people set their schedules by the sun?
Answer: parents of young children
Question: What year did a change in DST policy cost North America somewhere between $500 million and $1 billion in extra work?
Answer: 2007
Question: Who is the economist who said there was about $1.7 billion in lost opportunity costs because of the 2007 changes?
Answer: William F. Shughart II
Question: What have some people argued correlates with time shifts from daylight savings?
Answer: decreased economic efficiency
Question: What do some call the effect that they say caused a one-day loss for stock exchanges of approximately $31 billion in the year 2000?
Answer: the daylight-saving effect
Question: What factor determines the numbers people reach for estimates when studying DST?
Answer: methodology
Question: In what year did the NBS revisit the DOT's 1975 study and find traffic fatalities unaffected?
Answer: 1976
Question: What organization made their own estimation in 1995 of a drop in traffic deaths by 1.2%?
Answer: the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
Question: What's the abbreviation for Single/Double Summer Time?
Answer: SDST
Question: In the two weeks following the time change ending British Summer Time, what percentage hike is there in traffic accidents?
Answer: 11%
Question: How much less, on average, do workers in the U.S. sleep on Mondays after switching to DST, according to the 2009 study?
Answer: 40 minutes
Question: What did the LEAA say was reduced 10% to 13% in Washington, DC during daylight savings?
Answer: violent crime rate
Question: How many cities did the LEAA study before reaching their conclusion?
Answer: two
Question: How many cities of those the LEAA studied showed any reduction in crime?
Answer: one
Question: In what decade did the LEAA conduct their investigation of crime and DST?
Answer: 1970s
Question: There are more fires in the fall and winter because people burn more candles and turn what on to keep warm?
Answer: heating
Question: In addition to smoke detectors, what do fire safety officials suggest people replace batteries in when they set their clocks twice a year?
Answer: carbon monoxide detectors
Question: If your area doesn't observe DST, what can you use instead as a twice-yearly reminder?
Answer: the first days of spring and autumn
Question: What part of your vehicle should you remember to check twice a year?
Answer: lights
Question: What should you check storage spaces in your home for twice-yearly?
Answer: hazardous materials
Question: What do societies with standardized work schedules have more time for because of the increase in afternoon daylight from DST?
Answer: outdoor exercise
Question: What vitamin does sunlight help the human body absorb?
Answer: vitamin D
Question: What chair of the Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness lobbied for an extension to daylight savings in the U.S.?
Answer: Gordon Gund
Question: What cancer can be caused by too much time in the sun?
Answer: skin cancer
Question: Some people say DST can help sufferers of depression because it encourages them to do what?
Answer: rise earlier
Question: In 2005, what country used increased health risks as rationalization for getting rid of DST?
Answer: Kazakhstan
Question: Which Russian president argued that the country should stay in DST year-round because of the stresses of time shifts?
Answer: Dmitri Medvedev
Question: According to the Swedish study in 2008, for how many weekdays following the "spring forward" do you have a higher risk of heart attack?
Answer: three
Question: Does DST mean more rush hour traffic is on the road before dawn or after?
Answer: before dawn
Question: What kind of pollution is caused by emissions from cars while they're sitting in traffic?
Answer: air pollution
Question: During the fall time shift from 02:00 to 01:00, how many times will a clock show the times between 01:00:00 and 01:59:59?
Answer: twice
Question: What might a clock showing the same times twice in one day lead to?
Answer: confusion
Question: What do people often have trouble remembering to do for DST?
Answer: change their clocks
Question: What added complexity do people working across time zones have to keep track of?
Answer: multiple DST rules
Question: What year did an accident occur at a German facility with molten steel because of the change to DST?
Answer: 1993
Question: For how much more time was the molten steel supposed to cool when the computer mix-up happened in the German steel facility?
Answer: one hour
Question: Who is responsible for testing and even making changing to computer programs when daylight saving rules change?
Answer: software developers
Question: What time system do some computer systems use to avoid the issues of changes in local time?
Answer: Coordinated Universal Time
Question: What type of computer systems use an internal clock based on UTC time?
Answer: Unix-based
Question: Willett's first suggestion was to change clocks by 20 minutes how often?
Answer: weekly
Question: What drawback would changing clocks gradually add to the process?
Answer: complexity
Question: What could be avoided by changing clocks more gradually more often?
Answer: Some clock-shift problems
Question: Does daylight savings sometimes minimize or magnify the drawbacks of standard time?
Answer: magnify
Question: Usually, it's recommended that we avoid the sun for how many hours before and after noon?
Answer: two
Question: What kind of guidelines become less precise because of DST?
Answer: sun-exposure guidelines
Question: When using a sundial, we must adjust the reading to reflect natural discrepancies and the effect of what other influence?
Answer: time zone
Question: What author is credited with explaining the usage of daylight saving time and daylight savings time with an "s" in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English?
Answer: Richard Meade
Question: In 1978, according to Meade, which form of the phrase was more commonly used: daylight saving time or daylight savings time?
Answer: daylight savings time
Question: Which form of the phrase is more common in print publications?
Answer: daylight saving time
Question: Joining Merriam-Webster's and the Oxford dictionary, the older form of the phrase without the "s" is still listed first in what dictionary?
Answer: American Heritage
Question: Along with "daylight saving" and "daylight savings," what alternate form does Merriam-Webster's include?
Answer: daylight time
Question: Which term did Willett use in his 1907 proposal to refer to DST?
Answer: daylight saving
Question: What phrase had replaced daylight saving time by 1911 as Willett's proposal evolved into draft legislation?
Answer: summer time
Question: What word do speakers of Dutch use for DST?
Answer: zomertijd
Question: What term do Italians use for DST that literally translates as "legal time"?
Answer: ora legale
Question: What does the Italian term for their winter time, ora solare, translate to in English?
Answer: solar time
Question: What usually changes when a place observes DST?
Answer: The name of local time
Question: What word does American English swap out for "daylight" when referring to time zones?
Answer: standard
Question: In American English, what is the equivalent of Pacific Standard Time?
Answer: Pacific Daylight Time
Question: When the UK changes their clocks forward in the spring, what do they call the time they're then observing?
Answer: British Summer Time
Question: What word is often added to the names of time zones when used in British English?
Answer: summer
Question: What phrase is often used in North America when speaking about DST?
Answer: spring forward, fall back
Question: What is a language like "spring forward, fall back" that acts as a trigger for memory called?
Answer: mnemonic
Question: What does "spring forward, fall back" help people remember?
Answer: which direction to shift clocks
Question: What year did DST rules change in North America?
Answer: 2007
Question: What did many existing computer systems that relied on time zones need because of the DST rule changes?
Answer: upgrades
Question: In addition to calendaring programs, what kind of programs were most impacted by the changes?
Answer: email
Question: Which professionals bore the brunt of the effort to upgrade systems affected by time changes?
Answer: corporate information technologists
Question: What system of time do some applications use so they won't have problems with time changes?
Answer: UTC
Question: By using UTC, applications get out of adjusting to changes around clock shifts and what other factor?
Answer: time zone differences
Question: In addition to individual applications, what modern systems that control the basic functions of a computer typically use UTC?
Answer: operating systems
Question: Where do computers usually use UTC?
Answer: internally
Question: What time would a computer probably use for the clock display?
Answer: local time
Question: Where do most systems go to get the data they use to calculate local time?
Answer: the IANA time zone database
Question: What two specific points of data do systems need to figure out to get local time?
Answer: date/time
Question: What's another name for the IANA database?
Answer: zoneinfo
Question: The IANA database works by connecting names to what information about the location?
Answer: historical and predicted clock shifts
Question: IANA, or zoneinfo, updates are installed as a part of what ordinary function when changes to DST policy are made?
Answer: system maintenance
Question: What environment variable defines a location's name?
Answer: TZ
Question: What format is used to store internal time in systems that use zoneinfo?
Answer: timezone-independent epoch time
Question: What's the name of the HP database that's similar to IANA but not compatible with it?
Answer: tztab
Question: Less sophisticated systems might just support a TZ value with one start rule and how many end rules?
Answer: one
Question: When must TZ values be changed on an older system?
Answer: whenever DST rules change
Question: What does the TZ value EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00 specify?
Answer: time for the eastern United States starting in 2007
Question: What years will a new TZ value apply to?
Answer: all years
Question: What's might a new TZ value mishandle when it changes with new DST rules?
Answer: older timestamps
Question: Similar to systems using zoneinfo, Microsoft Windows calculates DST by doing what?
Answer: specifying the name of a location
Question: When does the table of rule sets the Windows operating system uses have to be updated?
Answer: when DST rules change
Question: If your computer runs Vista, what's the maximum number of start and end rules you can have for each time zone setting?
Answer: two
Question: If located in Canada somewhere where DST is observed, a system running Vista might mishandle time stamps that are older than what year?
Answer: 1987
Question: On a system running Windows older than Vista, locations in Canada observing DST would only reliably support time stamps from after what year?
Answer: 2006
Question: What single year did Windows 95 use to apply rules to Israel's time changes?
Answer: 1995
Question: Because the schedule in Israel was always changing, what did Microsoft do with the release of Windows 98?
Answer: marked Israel as not having DST
Question: How often would Israeli users running Windows 98 need to manually adjust the time on their machines to stay current?
Answer: twice a year
Question: What law regulated the rules for time shifts in Israel according to the Jewish calendar?
Answer: The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law
Question: Although the schedule in Israel became predictable after 2005, there were still problems in Windows until Israel adjusted DST to what calendar in 2013?
Answer: the Gregorian calendar
Question: Not using UTC, Windows can't multi boot with different versions of itself like you'd need to do to use what kind of disk?
Answer: a rescue boot disk
Question: As opposed to providing support for users to have unique time zone settings, Windows will only allow for what?
Answer: a single system-wide setting
Question: In what year did Microsoft imply that they would be making changes to support RealTimeIsUniversal in a step towards compatibility with UTC?
Answer: 2008
Question: Since 2008, at least how many times has Microsoft released fixes for the RealTimeIsUniversal feature?
Answer: two
Question: Under NTFS, what does Windows use for file time stamps in storage?
Answer: UTC
Question: What file system do most removable devices use?
Answer: FAT
Question: What time will a file be set to if it's copied from the hard disk onto other media?
Answer: current local time
Question: What phrase describes keeping adjusted summer hours year-round?
Answer: permanent daylight saving time
Question: Proponents of permanent DST say it has all the advantages of regular DST without the issues some people have from what bi-annual occurrences?
Answer: time shifts
Question: In year-round DST, would sunrise happen early or late compared to most places?
Answer: late
Question: During what time period did Russia use permanent DST?
Answer: 2011 to 2014
Question: In what season in areas observing permanent daylight saving time will it stay dark the latest in the morning?
Answer: winter
Question: In which direction do countries like Russia and Argentina shift their time zones that could be considered all-year DST?
Answer: westward
Question: About how many minutes does Saskatoon, Saskatchewan stay ahead of mean solar time?
Answer: 67
Question: What time does Saskatoon observe all year long?
Answer: Central Standard Time
Question: Places like northeast India that shift time zones to the east could be considered to be observing what kind of DST?
Answer: negative DST
Question: What year did Ireland and the UK give up on their permanent DST experiment?
Answer: 1971
Question: Places like Spain and parts of France effectively go by DST in the winter but add what in the summer?
Answer: an extra hour
Question: During the summer in Nome, about how many hours ahead of the sun do they set their clocks?
Answer: three
Question: What term was used in Britain for double daylight saving time?
Answer: Double Summer Time
Question: What's a third name for double daylight saving time or Double Summer Time used in Europe?
Answer: Central European Midsummer Time
Question: What is the goal of RIBA?
Answer: the advancement of architecture
Question: When was RIBA founded?
Answer: 1837
Question: When was RIBA's founding document expanded?
Answer: 1971
Question: In what country does RIBA mainly operate?
Answer: United Kingdom
Question: What does RIBA stand against?
Question: What is the enemy of RIBA?
Question: When was RIBA lost?
Question: When was RIBA's founding document decreased?
Question: What was Riba's first name?
Answer: Institute of British Architects in London
Question: In what year was the Institute of British Architects founded?
Answer: 1834
Question: In what city was the Institute of British Architects located?
Answer: London
Question: In terms of profession, what were people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey?
Answer: Architects
Question: What was Riba's banned name?
Question: What city was the Institute of British Architects moved to?
Question: What year was the Institute of British Architects removed?
Question: What profession did people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey avoid?
Question: What caused the change of the Institute's name?
Answer: the grant of the royal charter
Question: What was removed from the Royal Institute's name?
Answer: the reference to London
Question: When was the mention of London removed from the Royal Institute's name?
Answer: 1892
Question: Where is the Royal Institute of British Architects located?
Answer: Portland Place
Question: Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is currently housed?
Answer: King George V and Queen Mary
Question: What caused the Institute's name to not change?
Question: What was added to the Royal Institute's name?
Question: When was the mention of London included in the Royal Institute's name?
Question: Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is formerly housed?
Question: Who was responsible for giving the charter to the Royal Institute?
Answer: King William IV
Question: In what years was the Royal Institute issued supplemental charters?
Answer: 1887, 1909 and 1925
Question: When were the various supplemental charters consolidated?
Answer: 1971
Question: What term characterizes the nature of changes to the charter after 1971?
Answer: minor amendments
Question: When did the Royal Institute lose its charter?
Question: Who was responsible for taking the charter from the Royal Institute?
Question: What years was the Royal Institute issued no supplemental charters?
Question: When were the various supplemental charters increased?
Question: What term characterizes the nature of changes to the charter before 1971?
Question: What was the central aim of the Royal Institute?
Answer: the general advancement of Civil Architecture
Question: What document set forth the goals of the Royal Institute?
Answer: The original Charter of 1837
Question: What was the Royal Institute responsible for doing with regards to the development of knowledge related to architecture?
Answer: promoting and facilitating
Question: What was the secondary aim of the Royal Institute?
Question: What document set forth the restrictions of the Royal Institute?
Question: What was the Royal Institute not responsible for doing with regards to the development of knowledge related to architecture?
Question: Which charter was not used in 1837?
Question: What sets forth the standards by which the Royal Institute functions?
Answer: the Byelaws
Question: What guidelines for the Royal Institute are updated most often?
Answer: the Byelaws
Question: What is necessary to make any changes to either document which governs the operations of the Royal Institute?
Answer: the Privy Council's approval
Question: What removed the standards by which the Royal Institute functions?
Question: What guidelines for the Royal Institute are updated least often?
Question: What is never necessary to make any changes to either document which governs the operations of the Royal Institute?
Question: What is updated more than the Byelaws?
Question: What was the first Latin phrase used by the Royal Institute?
Answer: Usui civium decori urbium
Question: Who is responsible for the use of 'usui civium decori urbium'?
Answer: Thomas Leverton Donaldson
Question: What was Donaldson's role within the Royal Institute?
Answer: honorary secretary
Question: Who reworked the Royal Institute's medal desgin in 1931?
Answer: Eric Gill
Question: When did Joan Hassall redesign the Royal Institute's medal?
Answer: 1960
Question: What was the last Latin phrase used by the Royal Institute?
Question: Who is not responsible for the use of 'usui civium decori urbium'?
Question: What was Donaldson's role outside the Royal Institute?
Question: Who left the Royal Institute's medal design unchanged in 1931?
Question: When did Joan Hassall acquire the Royal Institute's medal?
Question: What organization was the Royal Institute instrumental in establishing?
Answer: the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom
Question: Which items of legislation did the Royal Institute play a large role in promoting?
Answer: the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938
Question: Where did Lional Bailey Budden teach?
Answer: the Liverpool University School of Architecture
Question: What major compendium did Budden help write an article for?
Answer: Encyclopædia Britannica
Question: How many schools formed the Board of Architectural Education?
Answer: twenty
Question: What organization was the Royal Institute unsuccessful in establishing?
Question: Which items of legislation did the Royal Institute play a small role in promoting?
Question: Where did Lional Bailey Budden study?
Question: What minor compendium did Budden help read an article for?
Question: How many schools did not form the Board of Architectural Education?
Question: Who was the head of the Registration Committee in 1934?
Answer: Harry Barnes
Question: In 1934, what percentage of architects were members of professional organizations?
Answer: 80 per cent
Question: Who did Barnes believe was best able to advance the interests of architects?
Answer: architectural associations
Question: What specific institution did Barnes indicate could not be a rival of the Royal Institute?
Answer: ARCUK
Question: When did the Royal Institute celebrate its 200th anniversary?
Question: Who was the head of the Registration Committee after 1934?
Question: What did Barnes believe was least able to advance the interests of architects?
Question: What specific institution did Barnes indicate could become a rival of the Royal Institute?
Question: What year did the Institute celebrate the third centenary celebration?
Question: When does the Royal Institute's Guide indicate the first RIBA Board was established?
Answer: 1904
Question: What school document had to meet the standards of the Board for admittance?
Answer: syllabus
Question: What was necessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board?
Answer: an approved external examiner
Question: What body carried out on-site inspection of member schools of the RIBA Board?
Answer: Visiting Board
Question: When does the Royal Institute's Guide indicate the last RIBA Board was established?
Question: What school document had no impact on the standards of the Board for admittance?
Question: What was unnecessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board?
Question: What body carried out off-site inspection of member schools of the RIBA Board?
Question: What organization's policies regarding acceptance of professional qualifications prompted thoughts of revamping ARCUK?
Answer: European Union
Question: When did the name of ARCUK change?
Answer: 1996
Question: What was the name of the legistlation leading to the change in ARCUK's name?
Answer: the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act
Question: What was shut down as a result of legislation changing the name of ARCUK?
Answer: the ARCUK Board of Architectural Education
Question: What was the new name given to ARCUK in the '90s?
Answer: Architects Registration Board
Question: When did the name of ARCUK decide to stay the same?
Question: What organization's policies regarding acceptance of professional qualifications prompted thoughts of keeping ARCUK?
Question: What was opened as a result of legislation changing the name of ARCUK?
Question: What was the new name given to ARCUK in the '80s?
Question: What is the function of the Royal Institute's Visiting Boards?
Answer: to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture
Question: When did the Royal Institute and ARB reach accord on a shared body of criteria?
Answer: 2011
Question: What does ARB stand for?
Answer: Architects Registration Board
Question: What is a key difference between the ARB and Royal Institute?
Answer: RIBA also validates courses outside the UK
Question: What is no longer the function of the Royal Institute's Visiting Boards?