huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: Who told the media that Chinese diplomats were arranging a "peaceful show of strength"?
Answer: Zhang Rongan
Question: Who was the Foreign Minister who indicated Chinese officials wanted supporting demonstrators to show up and show their point of view?
Answer: Stephen Smith
Question: Who withdrew as a torchbearer because of her concerns about human rights?
Answer: Lin Hatfield Dodds
Question: Who said Dodds' withdrawal was a good example of peacefully protesting?
Answer: Foreign Minister Stephen Smith
Question: Who withdrew from the torch event?
Answer: Lin Hatfield Dodds
Question: Who was the foreign minister that said her decision was a good example of peacefully making a point?
Answer: Stephen Smith
Question: Who was the head of the Canberra torch relay committee?
Answer: Ted Quinlan
Question: How many supporters of Tibet were expected in Canberra to protest?
Answer: 600
Question: ACT Chief Minister Jon Stanhope said which organization intended to ensure that China supporters outweighed Tibet supporters?
Answer: the Chinese embassy
Question: Which athlete carried the torch for the final leg?
Answer: Ian Thorpe
Question: How many supporters of Tibet were expected to attend the torch relay?
Answer: Up to 600
Question: It was thought that how many Chinese supporters would attend the torch relay?
Answer: between 2,000 and 10,000
Question: Who did not expect that reaction from the Chinese community?
Answer: Ted Quinlan
Question: Who was involved to ensure the pro Chinese demonstrators outweighed the Tibetan demonstrators?
Answer: the Chinese embassy
Question: When did the torch arrive in Nagano?
Answer: April 26
Question: Where was the torch relay held in Japan?
Answer: Nagano
Question: Which Olympics did Nagano host?
Answer: 1998 Winter Olympics
Question: What location was supposed to be the start of the relay event in Nagano?
Answer: Japanese Buddhist temple Zenkō-ji
Question: When monks pulled out of the event, where was the new starting point for the relay?
Answer: a municipal building
Question: How many Chinese guards were allowed to go with the torch?
Answer: two
Question: When did Seoul host the Olympics?
Answer: 1988 Summer Olympics
Question: Where was the start point for the relay?
Answer: Olympic Park
Question: Who became violent during the relay route and was promised deportation when caught?
Answer: Chinese students
Question: Where was the relay event held in South Korea?
Answer: Seoul
Question: Which Olympics did Seoul host?
Answer: 1988 Summer Olympics
Question: Who presided over the torch event in North Korea?
Answer: Kim Yong Nam
Question: Who was the first torchbearer in North Korea?
Answer: Pak Du Ik
Question: Where did the relay start?
Answer: the Juche Tower
Question: Where was the relay event held in North Korea?
Answer: Pyongyang.
Question: What date did the torch relay event take place?
Answer: April 28.
Question: What did people in the crowd wave at the beginning of the relay?
Answer: pink paper flowers and small flags
Question: Who was the first runner with the torch?
Answer: Pak Du Ik
Question: The United Nations Organization and UNICEF felt the relay could be used as what?
Answer: a propaganda stunt.
Question: North Korea is often listed among the worst offenders in the world in what regard?
Answer: against human rights.
Question: What is the children's agency of the United Nations Organization?
Answer: UNICEF
Question: Both organizations withdrew what?
Answer: their staff
Question: What is the mission of the organizations?
Answer: raising awareness of conditions for children
Question: Who is often listed amongst the world's worst offenders when it comes to human rights?
Answer: North Korea
Question: Where was the torch event held in Vietnam?
Answer: Ho Chi Minh City
Question: How many torchbearers carried the torch in Vietnam?
Answer: 60
Question: Where did the torch event begin in Vietnam?
Answer: the downtown Opera House
Question: Where did the torch event end?
Answer: the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium
Question: Where was the torch event held in Vietnam?
Answer: Ho Chi Minh City.
Question: What areas are involved in the dispute between Vietnam and China?
Answer: the Spratly and Paracel Islands
Question: The Chinese government established what city in this disputed area?
Answer: Sansha
Question: As a result, demonstrations were held in what two cities in December 2007?
Answer: Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.
Question: Who was the Prime Minister of Vietnam?
Answer: Nguyễn Tấn Dũng
Question: How many people protesting China were arrested in Hanoi prior to the rally?
Answer: seven
Question: Which blogger calling for demonstrations was arrested for tax evasion?
Answer: Điếu Cày
Question: Which torchbearer sent a letter of protest to the president of the International Olympic Committee?
Answer: Lê Minh Phiếu
Question: How many protesters were arrested in Hanoi prior to the rally?
Answer: seven
Question: What is blogger Điếu Cày's real name?
Answer: Nguyễn Văn Hải
Question: Though he urged for demonstrations in Vietnam, Nguyễn Văn Hải was charged with what crime?
Answer: tax evasion.
Question: What is the name of the torchbearer who wrote a letter to the IOC president about discrepancies on a website?
Answer: Lê Minh Phiếu
Question: What was removed from the website that Lê Minh Phiếu had written about?
Answer: disputed islands and dotted lines marking China's maritime claims
Question: Who was the first torchbearer in Hong Kong?
Answer: Lee Lai Shan
Question: Where was the torch event started in Hong Kong?
Answer: Hong Kong Cultural Centre
Question: Where did the torch relay end in Hong Kong?
Answer: Golden Bauhinia Square in Wan Chai
Question: How many torchbearers participated in the relay event in Hong Kong?
Answer: 120
Question: When was the relay event held in Hong Kong?
Answer: May 2.
Question: Who handed the torch to Lee Lai Shan, the first torchbearer?
Answer: Donald Tsang
Question: What was used to get the torch across the Shing Mun River?
Answer: a dragon boat
Question: How many torchbearers carried the torch?
Answer: 120
Question: The torchbearers included athletes, celebrities and who?
Answer: pro-Beijing camp politicians.
Question: What did Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China members wave to symbolize democracy?
Answer: plastic Olympic flames
Question: This group wanted accountability for what 1989 event?
Answer: Tiananmen Square protests
Question: Who wrapped a Tibetan flag around her body and later waved it?
Answer: Christina Chan
Question: Who removed Chan from the protest?
Answer: police
Question: Why is Chan suing the Hong Kong government?
Answer: her human rights were breached.
Question: Some people waved plastic inflated flames, saying they symbolize what?
Answer: democracy.
Question: Who was proud that Hong Kong still has brave people speaking out?
Answer: Leung Kwok-hung
Question: What did radio host Christina Chan wear before waving it?
Answer: Tibetan snow lion flag
Question: Which group did Jens Galschiøt lead?
Answer: The Color Orange democracy group
Question: What did Galschiøt construct in Hong Kong in reference to the Tiananmen Square protests?
Answer: Pillar of Shame
Question: Galschiøt and two fellow protesters were denied to entry to Hong Kong for what reason?
Answer: immigration reasons
Question: Which American actress was questioned at the Hong Kong airport?
Answer: Mia Farrow
Question: A legislator said that by allowing Farrow to enter Hong Kong while denying others was a violation to what policy?
Answer: one country, two systems
Question: What group did Jens Galschiøt lead?
Answer: The Color Orange
Question: What structure did Jens Galschiøt build to monumentalize the Tianamen Square protests in 1989?
Answer: Pillar of Shame
Question: Why was Jens Galschiøt made to leave Hong Kong?
Answer: immigration reasons
Question: Which actress from America was initially held and then gave a speech about China and Sudan?
Answer: Mia Farrow
Question: Where was the torch ceremony held in Macao?
Answer: Macau Fisherman's Wharf
Question: How many torchbearers participated in Macao?
Answer: 120
Question: Who was the first torchbearer in Macao?
Answer: Leong Hong Man
Question: A newspaper article criticized that there were not enough of what kind of person among the torchbearers?
Answer: athletes
Question: When was the torch relay event held in Macao?
Answer: May 3
Question: How many torchbearers carried the torch in Macao?
Answer: 120
Question: Who was the first person to carry the torch in Macao?
Answer: Leong Hong Man
Question: Which casino tycoon participated in the torch relay event?
Answer: Stanley Ho.
Question: Which publication was unhappy with the amount of non-athlete torchbearers?
Answer: Macao Daily News
Question: A Macau citizen was arrested for posting a plea to disrupt the relay on what website?
Answer: cyberctm.com
Question: In addition to cyberctm.com, what other website was shut down for two days?
Answer: orchidbbs.com
Question: Who was arrested on April 26 for posting an online message?
Answer: A Macau resident
Question: Where was the message posted?
Answer: cyberctm.com
Question: Who denied the shutdown was motivated by politics?
Answer: The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation
Question: After its April departure, when did the torch return to China?
Answer: May 4
Question: What actor attended a torch celebration in China?
Answer: Jackie Chan
Question: When did the torch reach Sanya, Hainan?
Answer: May 4
Question: When was the last time the torch had been in China?
Answer: April.
Question: Who attended the celebrations?
Answer: IOC
Question: Which actor also attended the celebrations?
Answer: Jackie Chan.
Question: The Chinese coverage of torch relay events has been accused by Western reporters as being what?
Answer: partial and censored
Question: In turn, Chinese supporters have accused Western media of being what in their coverage?
Answer: biased.
Question: Which French newspaper was accused of being biased by Chinese State press agency Xinhua?
Answer: Libération
Question: What was under scrutiny?
Answer: media coverage
Question: Coverage in China is reported to be partial and what?
Answer: censored
Question: What organization interrupted the relay and was not broadcast by the Chinese media?
Answer: Reporters Without Borders
Question: Chinese State Press said what French newspaper was biased?
Answer: Libération
Question: The Chinese State Press said the French newspaper was supporting a handful of what?
Answer: saboteurs
Question: What did the Chinese media focus on as far as human rights protesters?
Answer: the more disruptive protesters
Question: Xinhua and CCTV focused on people who what?
Answer: condemned the protests
Question: Which athlete was ignored by media for supporting the protesters?
Answer: Marie-José Pérec
Question: What did Xinhua call protesters?
Answer: radicals
Question: Which athlete showed support for the people protesting?
Answer: Marie-José Pérec
Question: Which publication said that protesters were trampling human rights?
Answer: Xinhua
Question: Though several torchbearers withdrew from the torch relay, the official website for China stated that Indian torch participants vowed to run for what?
Answer: spirit of Olympics
Question: What did Ayaan Ali Khan and Manavjit Singh Sandhu say should not be mixed?
Answer: sports and politics
Question: Though four withdrew, it was reported that Indian torchbearers vowed to what?
Answer: run for spirit of Olympics
Question: Several torchbearers said what two things should not be combined?
Answer: sports and politics
Question: Which United Kingdom newspaper published a Chinese ambassador's opinion that Western media had demonized China with torch coverage?
Answer: The Daily Telegraph
Question: What French newspaper did the Chinese media accuse of bias?
Answer: Libération
Question: Some Chinese have accused Western media of what in their reportings?
Answer: Western media bias.
Question: Who was the Chinese ambassador to the U.K.?
Answer: Fu Ying
Question: Which newspaper published these accusations?
Answer: The Daily Telegraph
Question: What other newspaper was accused of bias?
Answer: Libération
Question:  Who did Xinhua accuse of biased reporting on April 17?
Answer: CNN
Question: Who was accused of bias on April 17 by Xinhua?
Answer: CNN
Question: Who wanted CNN to apologize for its insult to Chinese people?
Answer: the Chinese government
Question: What article did BBC put out about China just days earlier?
Answer: The challenges of reporting in China
Question: Who stated that Chinese people could access the BBC news website after years of not being able to?
Answer: Paul Danahar
Question: How many people gathered in protest at these two buildings?
Answer: 1,300
Question: Who commented that Chinese people can look at the BBC news site for the first time?
Answer: Paul Danahar
Question: Where is BBC banned from reporting?
Answer: Tibet
Question: Who published "Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage" on April 20?
Answer: People's Daily
Question: Which publication published a report about the Chinese rallying against media bias?
Answer: People's Daily
Question: What was the Chinese government reported running on April 4?
Answer: an anti-CNN website
Question: Who supposedly created the site?
Answer: a Beijing citizen.
Question: Who takes credit for creating the site?
Answer: a Beijing citizen.
Question: Who felt that the government was involved in the website?
Answer: foreign correspondents
Question: When were the 30 team members sworn in?
Answer: August 2007
Question: What were their official team outfits?
Answer: matching blue tracksuits
Question: Which team member has his own fan following?
Answer: Second Right Brother
Question: How many attendants were used from the People's Armed Police for the flame's entire journey?
Answer: 30
Question: When were these 30 sworn in?
Answer: August 2007
Question: What did these 30 attendants wear?
Answer: blue tracksuits
Question: What is the attendant who has a large fan base called?
Answer: Second Right Brother
Question: Carrefour was boycotted because of which shareholder?
Answer: LVMH Group
Question: Who was the LVMH Group accused of supporting?
Answer: the Dalai Lama
Question: What was burned during these boycotts?
Answer: the French flag
Question: Who was accused of helping the Dalai Lama?
Answer: LVMH Group
Question: Boycotters accused France of being pro-seccessionist and what?
Answer: anti-Chinese racism.
Question: The Chinese government tried to tamper the boycott, trying to avoid a similar outcome to which protests in 2005?
Answer: anti-Japanese protests
Question: Which newspaper urged citizens to protest peacefully?
Answer: People's Daily
Question: Which website had mentions of the Carrefour boycott removed by the government?
Answer: Sohu.com
Question: When did protests in front of Carrefour's stores occur in China?
Answer: May 1
Question: The Chinese government did not want a repeat of what protests?
Answer: the anti-Japanese protests in 2005.
Question: Which newspaper asked the Chinese people to protest peacefully?
Answer: People's Daily
Question: Who removed Carrefour boycott comments from some websites?
Answer: the Chinese government
Question: What day did protests occur in front of Carrefour stores?
Answer: May 1.
Question: Who was the mayor of Nagano?
Answer: Shoichi Washizawa
Question: How did Washizawa refer to the city having the torch relay?
Answer: great nuisance
Question: What was vandalized after a relay event was cancelled there?
Answer: a major Buddhist temple
Question: What did he call the opportunity for Nagano to host the torch event?
Answer: great nuisance
Question: Where was the inital opening ceremony to be held in Nagano?
Answer: a major Buddhist temple
Question: In what is the torch flame kept lit when the torch must be off?
Answer: lanterns.
Question: The torch is put out at night, on aircraft, during storms and what else?
Answer: during protests
Question: Who was Michael Mak Kwok-fung?
Answer: Hong Kong legislator
Question: Which media outlets gave Jin Jing little notice?
Answer: Western media
Question: How many members are on each of these two teams?
Answer: 40
Question: What is the content of the human genome?
Answer: DNA
Question: What constitutes the viral genome?
Answer: RNA
Question: How do scientists classify RNA as?
Question: What does a molecule contain?
Question: What is one thing that genes have?
Question: What is included in virus RNA?
Question: What fields study molecule formation?
Question: In what year was the word genome first created?
Answer: 1920
Question: At what university was Hans Winkler employed when he created the word genome?
Answer: University of Hamburg
Question: Which two similar words share etymology with genome?
Answer: biome, rhizome
Question: What word was created to be used in the study of botany in 1920?
Question: In what year was Hans Winkler hired in Oxford as professor of botany?
Question: How did the University of Hamburg in Germany suggest genome came about?
Question: What two other words were used as botany terms frequently at the University of Hamburg?
Question: What discussion about botany terms was taking place in 1920?
Question: A gamate has how many chromosomes relative to a somatic cell?
Answer: half
Question: What process splits the chromosome between gametes?
Answer: meiosis
Question: What are two cellular organelles which contain genetic material?
Answer: mitochondria and chloroplasts
Question: What are examples of terms used to describe a virus type?
Question: How many chromosomes do the organelles have compared to the chloroplasts?
Question: How is halving genetic material in linear chains of DNA accomplished?
Question: What is one thing the term transposable elements can be applied to mean?
Question: What three non-chromosomal genetic elements can bacteria comprise?
Question: What is the science that deals with the common genetic characteristics of related organisms called?
Answer: genomics
Question: In contrast to genomics, genetics usually studies what?
Answer: single genes or groups of genes
Question: What is the catalog of contents of a particular species' genetic makeup?
Answer: sequenced
Question: In both sexes of a species what may a properties of genes be?
Question: What term is used to show how the sex chromosomes of a species are found?
Question: What is known as the study of autosomes of related organisms?
Question: What is known as the study of the properties of single or groups of sex chromosomes?
Question: What are people referring to when they say species exist in one sex?
Question: What is the relation between the number of base pairs and total complement of genes in a species called?
Answer: C-value paradox
Question: Which organism has the most genes?
Answer: trichomoniasis
Question: How many genes is the trichomoniasis estimated to have?
Answer: 60,000
Question: Relative to the human genome, how many more genes does trichomoniasis have?
Answer: three times
Question: What is the highest known number of species?
Question: How many genes are in the human genome?
Question: What two things vary in the protozoan causing trichomoniasis?
Question: What is the relationship between base pairs and trichomoniasis?
Question: What is the relation between base pairs and the human genome called?
Question: Which viral genome did Fiers sequence?
Answer: Bacteriophage MS2
Question: Who was first to sequence a DNA-based genome?
Answer: Fred Sanger
Question: What organization first sequenced a bacterial genome?
Answer: Institute for Genomic Research
Question: In what year was the archaeon genome sequenced?
Answer: 1996
Question: In what year did Fred Sanger first establish the complete nucleotide sequence of  a viral RNA genome?
Question: When was The Institute for Genome Research founded?
Question: What did Walter Fiers complete in 1996?
Question: What did Fred Sanger complete when part of a team in 1995?
Question: What was the name of the first bacterial genome sequenced by Fred Sanger in 1995?
Question: Which U.S. government agency keeps a large amount of information on genomes?
Answer: US National Institutes of Health
Question: What is a mammal whose genome has been sequenced?
Answer: mouse
Question: What is a fish whose genome has been sequenced?
Answer: puffer fish
Question: When was the Neanderthal's genome sequenced?
Answer: December 2013
Question: How old in years was the material that was used to sequence the Neanderthal genome?
Answer: 130,000
Question: What has extracting genes from a Neanderthal made it easier for scientists to do?
Question: What is happening with the knowledge gained from sequencing a mouse?
Question: What have scientists been maintaining since 2013?
Question: Where has the bacteria E. coli been found to be sequenced?
Question: How old was the material used to sequence the Arabidopsis thaliana genome?
Question: Which company has led the way in sequencing of individual genetic makeup?
Answer: Manteia Predictive Medicine
Question: Whose complete genetic information was recorded in 2007?
Answer: James D. Watson
Question: What is Watson famous for helping discover?
Answer: the structure of DNA
Question: What is Manteia Predictive Medicine famous for discovering?
Question: What technology did James D. Watson develop to sequence individual DNA?
Question: What has James D. Watson recently develop that may lead to personal genome sequencing?
Question: What did Manteia Predictive Medicine help discover the structure of in 2007?
Question: Who pioneered using the DNA structure as a diagnostic tool?
Question: What is the term for something that lists the important and notable parts of a genome?
Answer: genome map
Question: Which group was created to generate a genome map of human genetic material?
Answer: The Human Genome Project
Question: Whose genome map greatly aided the Human Genome Project?
Answer: Jean Weissenbach
Question: Where did Weissenbach and his colleagues work?
Answer: Genoscope
Question: What does a genome map list the order of?
Question: What does a genome sequence identify?
Question: What is a Genoscope less detailed than?
Question: What does a Genoscope help a scientist do?
Question: Why was the Genoscope created?
Question: What is the term that accounts for the constituents of the haploid genome?
Answer: Genome composition
Question: What aspect of a genome can genome compositions help researchers in learning about?
Answer: evolutionary history
Question: What is the history of a genome used for?
Question: What should be included in the history of a genome?
Question: What can scientists learn by comparing repetitive DNA and genome size?
Question: What term is used to describe the history of DNA?
Question: By comparing repetitive DNA, what can scientists understand the history of?
Question: What two types of organisms have remarkable differences in their genomic composition?
Answer: prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Question: What type of organizing can be observed in eukaryote genomes?
Answer: exon-intron
Question: In what types of eukaryotes is there a large amount of non-coding DNA?
Answer: mammals and plants
Question: What should you distinguish between when talking about gene coding?
Question: How much of the genome is non-repetitive DNA in eukaryotes?
Question: What is a major part of contents structure made of in non-coding regions?
Question: What organization feature do prokaryotes have?
Question: What area do mammals and plants have differences in?
Question: What is an example of an organism that has a portion of its genetic material outside of its chromosomes?
Answer: pathogenic microbe
Question: What is an example of an organism whose full complement of genetic material resides in its chromosomes?
Answer: virus
Question: Where is additional genetic material found in pathogenic microbes?
Answer: plasmids
Question: What do viruses always carry within their structure?
Question: Where is additional genetic material found in a virus?
Question: What is another word used for genome?
Question: What organism has part of its genetic material inside a virus?
Question: What do most viruses more complex than plasmids carry?
Question: What are examples of classes of eukaryotes where genome only refers to the information found in chromosomes?
Answer: plants, protozoa and animals
Question: What is a name for the genetic material found within chloroplasts?
Answer: plastome
Question: What is a name for the genetic makeup of mitochondria?
Answer: mitochondrial genome
Question: What are the eukaryotes found in the mitochondria called?
Question: What are examples of chloroplasts?
Question: What does genome mean when referring to eukaryotes such as mitochondria?
Question: What is not considered as part of the plastome?
Question: What do chloroplasts have that is referred to as the mitochondrial genome?
Question: What is the name for the count of all DNA base pairs in a single haploid genome?
Answer: Genome size
Question: What does genome size have a direct relationship with in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes?
Answer: morphological complexity
Question: What accounts for the breakdown of the relation between genome size and morphological complexity in higher eukaryotes?
Answer: repetitive DNA
Question: What is the term for the total DNA base pairs in one lower eukaryote?
Question: What kind of relationship do copies of a haploid genome have with mollusks that isn't effective?
Question: What has a strong influence on DNA base pairs?
Question: What does a haploid genome have strong influence on?
Question: How many base pairs are in mollusks?
Question: What is a name for the reduced complement of genetic material necessary for an organism to live?
Answer: minimal genomes
Question: In what experimental contexts are experiments being carried out on minimal genomes?
Answer: in vivo and in silico
Question: What is a research strategy to understand silico?
Question: What is being done on single cell silico?
Question: In what two ways are experiments being carried out to understand how genes survive?
Question: What do scientists want a silico to do in the experiment?
Question: What are scientists studying to understand how they survive a reduction in silico?
Question: What are two types of non-repetitive DNA?
Answer: Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes
Question: In higher eukaryotes, what has an inverse relationship with genome size?
Answer: proportion of non-repetitive DNA
Question: What is the size of non-repetitive DNA divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA?
Answer: genome size
Question: How is protein coding calculated?
Question: What are two examples of higher eukaryotes?
Question: What does having more protein coding genes not mean?
Question: What decreases if RNA coding genes are increased?
Question: What is the number of protein-coding genes divided by to get the proportion of non-repetitive DNA?
Question: What is an example of an organism which does not contain any repetitive DNA?
Answer: E. coli
Question: What are two organisms that have more non-repetitive than repetitive DNA?
Answer: C. elegans and fruit fly
Question: What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in some plant and amphibian genomes?
Answer: 20%
Question: What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in E. coli?
Question: What one kind of DNA do fruit flies only have?
Question: What does E. coli tend to have more of than non-repetitive DNA?
Question: What is a minority component in E. coli?
Question: What do some plants and amphibians only have?
Question: What are two types of repetitive DNA found in genomes?
Answer: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats
Question: What is found by dividing size of repetitive DNA by length of total genome?
Answer: proportion of repetitive DNA
Question: What are two examples of genome size?
Question: What do you use to calculate genome size?
Question: How do you calculate tandem repeats?
Question: What are interspersed repeats divided by to get the proportion of repetitive DNA?
Question: What do you get when dividing tandem repeats by interspersed repeats?
Question: Unequal crossing over can create what type of repetitive DNA?
Answer: Tandem repeats
Question: What are two examples of tandem repeats in DNA?
Answer: satellite DNA and microsatellites
Question: What is the most common type of repetitive DNA in mammals?
Answer: interspersed repeats.
Question: In what group are tandem repeats in the largest number?
Question: What causes interspersed repeats?
Question: What are two examples of interspersed repeats?
Question: How much satellite DNA is found in the genome?
Question: What is gene conversion caused by?
Question: What is the main source of interspersed repeats?
Answer: Transposable elements
Question: What do researchers think transposable elements are key factors in when considering higher eukaryotes?
Answer: genome evolution
Question: What are the constituents of Class 1 transposable elements?
Answer: retrotransposons
Question: What are the constituents of Class 2 transposable elements?
Answer: DNA transposons
Question: How are pseudogenes classified?
Question: What two categories are pseudogenes classified into?
Question: Where do cells mainly come from?
Question: What do cells also include?
Question: What are pseudogenes able to do within the cell?
Question: What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons?
Answer: RNA
Question: What can long terminal repeats produce?
Question: What happens when long terminal repeats are transcribed into RNA?
Question: What is one thing RNA can be divided into?
Question: What can the genome also be divided into?
Question: Where are Long terminal repeats duplicated?
Question: What is a term that can describe how DNA transposons move?
Answer: cut and paste
Question: DNA transposons do not use which genetic material used by Class 1 TEs?
Answer: RNA
Question: What term describes how duplication happens in the genome?
Question: What do genome not use as intermediate?
Question: What helps metozoan move?
Question: In what organism is duplication popular?
Question: What does cut and paste help metazoan do?
Question: Aside from karyotype, what are other genomic traits studied by scientists?
Answer: genome size, gene order, codon usage bias, and GC-content
Question: What were other traits besides karyotype studied by Brown in 2002?
Question: What is another word for gene order?
Question: What does GC-content have that can be measured?
Question: Why do researchers calculate the sum of an organisms genes?
Question: What are two things that Reese studied about karyotype in 2004?
Question: What type of generation of genetic material has a big part in making the genome what it is?
Answer: Duplications
Question: What is a possible product of duplications?
Answer: genetic novelty
Question: What role does genetic novelty play in the genome?
Question: What is the first range of genetic novelty?
Question: What are gene clusters a large part of?
Question: How far can genetic novelty go?
Question: What is the first example of genetic novelty?
Question: What is an explanation for the resemblance between disparate parts of the genome?
Answer: Horizontal gene transfer
Question: In which organisms does horizontal gene transfer appear to occur commonly?
Answer: microbes
Question: Parts of which organelle genomes are thought to have ended up in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells via transfer?
Answer: chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes
Question: What helps explain why different parts of chloroplasts are similar?
Question: In what organism are eukaryotic cells common?
Question: What does horizontal gene transfer explain about nuclear chromosomes?
Question: Where do microbes transfer material from their chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes?
Question: What do microbes transfer to chloroplasts?
Question: What kind of school does not base its admissions on academic merit?
Answer: comprehensive school
Question: What kind of school system uses academic success to judge admissions?
Answer: selective school system
Question: What countries used comprehensive schools extensively?
Answer: England and Wales
Question: How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in England?
Answer: 90%
Question: What is the German analogue of the comprehensive school?
Answer: Gesamtschule
Question: What kind of school bases its admissions on academic merit?
Question: What kind of school system uses academic failure to judge admissions?
Question: What countries unused comprehensive schools extensively?
Question: How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in Scotland?
Question: What is the Austrian analogue of the comprehensive school?
Question: What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in grammar schools?
Answer: design and technology and vocational learning
Question: What two kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-16 comprehensive school education?
Answer: Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges
Question: Which types of school projects have called the model of comprehensive schools into question?
Answer: City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes
Question: What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were found often in grammar schools?
Question: What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in high schools?
Question: What two kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-18 comprehensive school education?
Question: What three kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-16 comprehensive school education?
Question: Which types of school projects haven't called the model of comprehensive schools into question?
Question: How many selective grammar schools are still currently functioning in England and Wales?
Answer: 164
Question: In what year were comprehensive schools first created?
Answer: 1965
Question: How many selective high schools are still currently functioning in England and Wales?
Question: How many selective grammar schools are still currently functioning in Scotland and Wales?
Question: How many selective grammar schools are no longer functioning in England and Wales?
Question: In what year weren't comprehensive schools first created?
Question: In what year were comprehensive schools first closed?
Question: What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's intake?
Answer: neighbourhood
Question: What are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of comprehensive schools?
Answer: Academies Programme, Free Schools and University Technical Colleges
Question: What is a word that can't be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's intake?
Question: What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of an uncomprehensive school's intake?
Question: What is a word that can be used to describe the scope of a comprehensive school's discharge?
Question: What are some old initiatives that may impact the concept of comprehensive schools?
Question: What are some new initiatives that may impact the concept of uncomprehensive schools?
Question: What age ranges does Finnish comprehensive school cover?
Answer: 7 to 16
Question: In what decade didn't Finland begin employing comprehensive schools?
Question: In what decade did Sweden begin employing comprehensive schools?
Question: In what decade did Finland stop employing comprehensive schools?
Question: What age ranges does Swedish comprehensive school cover?
Question: What age ranges does Finnish uncomprehensive school cover?
Question: What kinds of courses are offered to students who are not experiencing academic success?
Answer: remedial
Question: What are the different kinds of certificates that Gesamtschule students can earn?
Answer: the Hauptschulabschluss, the Realschulabschluss or the Abitur
Question: What type of school isn't the Gesamtschule?
Question: What type of hospital is the Gesamtschule?
Question: What kinds of courses aren't offered to students who are not experiencing academic success?
Question: What kinds of courses are offered to students who are experiencing academic success?
Question: What are the different kinds of certificates that Gesamtschule students can't earn?
Question: What percentage of Brandenburg students went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?
Answer: 50%
Question: What percentage of Bavarian students went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?
Answer: less than 1%
Question: What percentage of Brandenburg teachers went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?
Question: What percentage of Brandenburg students went to a Gesamtschule in 2008?
Question: What percentage of Brandenburg students never went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?
Question: What percentage of Bavarian teachers went to a Gesamtschule in 2007?
Question: What percentage of Bavarian students went to a Gesamtschule in 2008?
Question: What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Hamburg?
Answer: Stadtteilschule
Question: What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Berlin?
Answer: Sekundarschule
Question: In what school year were Hauptschulen first combined with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen?
Answer: 2010/2011
Question: What wasn't the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Hamburg?
Question: What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Hamburger?
Question: What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen not called in Berlin?
Question: What was the combination of Hauptschulen with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen called in Berlinberg?
Question: In what school year were Hauptschulen last combined with Realschulen and Gesamtschulen?
Question: What kind of classes are not offered in Mittelschule?
Answer: college preparatory classes
Question: What certificate is not available to Mittelschule students?
Answer: Abitur
Question: What kind of school is not available in some parts of Germany?
Answer: Hauptschule
Question: What kind of classes are offered in Mittelschule?
Question: What kind of meetings are not offered in Mittelschule?
Question: What certificate is available to Mittelschule students?
Question: What certificate is not available to Mittelschule teachers?
Question: What kind of school is available in some parts of Germany?
Question: What type of misconduct have comprehensive schools been alleged of engaging in?
Answer: grade inflation
Question: Which German minister criticized comprehensive schools' ability to help students succeed?
Answer: Barbara Sommer
Question: Which German politician defended comprehensive schools?
Answer: Sigrid Beer
Question: Which party does Barbara Sommer belong to?
Answer: Christian Democratic Union
Question: Which party does Sigrid Beer belong to?
Answer: Alliance '90/The Greens
Question: What type of misconduct have uncomprehensive schools been alleged of engaging in?
Question: Which German mWhich German minister criticized uncomprehensive schools' ability to help students succeed?inister criticized comprehensive schools' ability to help students succeed?
Question: Which German politician defended uncomprehensive schools?
Question: Which party doesn't Barbara Sommer belong to?
Question: Which party doesn't Sigrid Beer belong to?
Question: Who could be made vulnerable by the Gasemtschulen?
Answer: bright working class students
Question: From what group does an achievement gap separate working class students at comprehensive schools?
Answer: middle class peers
Question: At which school do students achieve the least success?
Answer: Hauptschule
Question: Who couldn't be made vulnerable by the Gasemtschulen?
Question: Who could be protected by the Gasemtschulen?
Question: From what group doesn't an achievement gap separate working class students at comprehensive schools?
Question: From what group does an achievement gap separate working class students at uncomprehensive schools?
Question: At which school do students achieve the most success?
Question: To which system did Fend compare comprehensive school alumni?
Answer: tripartite system
Question: Who never conducted a study on comprehensive schools?
Question: Who conducted a study on uncomprehensive schools?
Question: To which system didn't Fend compare comprehensive school alumni?
Question: To which system did Fend compare uncomprehensive school alumni?
Question: To which system did Fend compare comprehensive school faculty?
Question: Where can students go after finishing comprehensive school in Gibraltar?
Answer: sixth form
Question: What examinations do students prepare for in the sixth form?
Answer: A-levels
Question: When was the last comprehensive school opened in Gibraltar?
Question: When was the first comprehensive school closed in Gibraltar?
Question: Where can't students go after finishing comprehensive school in Gibraltar?
Question: Where can students go after finishing uncomprehensive school in Gibraltar?
Question: What examinations do students prepare for in the fifth form?
Question: Who was responsible for creating comprehensive schools in Ireland?
Answer: Patrick Hillery
Question: What was the only state-run educational system in Ireland prior to comprehensive schools?
Answer: vocational school system
Question: What type of school has surpassed comprehensive schools in Ireland?
Answer: community school
Question: When did Ireland last open comprehensive schools?
Question: When did Ireland first close comprehensive schools?
Question: Who was unresponsible for creating comprehensive schools in Ireland?
Question: What wasn't the only state-run educational system in Ireland prior to comprehensive schools?
Question: What type of school has surpassed uncomprehensive schools in Ireland?
Question: Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools are found?
Answer: The state
Question: In what decade weren't community schools conceived?
Question: In what decade were community schools closed?
Question: Who rents the land on which Irish comprehensive schools are found?
Question: Who owns the land on which Scotish comprehensive schools are found?
Question: Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools aren't found?
Question: What did the community school system remove from the comprehensive school model?
Answer: the denominational basis of the schools
Question: What is a term for a grouping of local schools that cannot exist independently?
Answer: Community colleges
Question: What didn't the community school system remove from the comprehensive school model?
Question: What did the community school system add to the comprehensive school model?
Question: What did the community school system remove from the uncomprehensive school model?
Question: What is a term for a grouping of local schools that can exist independently?
Question: What is a term for a grouping of global schools that cannot exist independently?
Question: Who established the Walworth School?
Answer: London County Council
Question: What comprehensive school was established in Anglesey?
Answer: Holyhead County School
Question: When was Holyhead County School established?
Answer: 1949
Question: Which comprehensive school openend in coventry?
Answer: Woodlands Boys School
Question: In what year was the Walworth School closed?
Question: Who closed the Walworth School?
Question: What uncomprehensive school was established in Anglesey?
Question: When was Holyhead County School closed?
Question: Which uncomprehensive school openend in coventry?
Question: Who was responsible for the proliferation of comprehensive schools in 1965?
Answer: Anthony Crosland
Question: what was Anthony Crosland's role in government?
Answer: Secretary of State for Education
Question: Which type of school was not in widespread usage?
Answer: Secondary technical schools
Question: Who was responsible for the proliferation of uncomprehensive schools in 1965?
Question: Who was responsible for the proliferation of comprehensive schools in 1956?
Question: Who wasn't responsible for the proliferation of comprehensive schools in 1965?
Question: what wasn't Anthony Crosland's role in government?
Question: Which type of school was in widespread usage?
Question: Who was made Secretary of State for Education in 1970?
Answer: Margaret Thatcher
Question: What kind of school did Thatcher end the compulsion for existing schools to convert to?
Answer: comprehensive
Question: What party was in power when Margaret Thatcher was made Secretary of State for Education?
Answer: Conservative
Question: Who wasn't made Secretary of State for Education in 1970?
Question: Who was made Secretary of State for Education in 1972?
Question: What kind of school didn't Thatcher end the compulsion for existing schools to convert to?
Question: What kind of school did Thatcher start the compulsion for existing schools to convert to?
Question: What party wasn't in power when Margaret Thatcher was made Secretary of State for Education?
Question: By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?
Answer: 1975
Question: What did secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become?
Answer: neighbourhood comprehensives
Question: Grammar schools that did not close were converted to what?
Answer: comprehensive schools
Question: What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s?
Answer: Sandwell and Dudley
Question: By what year didn't the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use?
Question: By what year did the 21-plus exam mainly fall out of use?
Question: What didn't secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become?
Question: Grammar schools that closed were converted to what?
Question: What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '60s?
Question: Who initiated the scrutiny of the educational system in 1976?
Answer: James Callaghan
Question: What is the only kind of school operating in Wales?
Answer: Comprehensive school
Question: Which political party was James Callaghan a member of?
Answer: Labour
Question: Who ended the scrutiny of the educational system in 1976?
Question: Who initiated the scrutiny of the educational system in 1967?
Question: What is the only kind of school not operating in Wales?
Question: What is the only kind of school operating in England?
Question: Which political party was James Callaghan not a member of?
Question: In what year was the Education Reform Act made into law?
Answer: 1988
Question: What concept does the government currently support for education?
Answer: specialisation
Question: Parental choice has informed what controversial practice?
Answer: league tables of school performance
Question: What law disables parents full control over their child's education?
Question: What law enables parents no control over their child's education?
Question: In what year was the Education Reform Act scrapped?
Question: What concept does the government currently not support for education?
Question: Parental choice hasn't informed what controversial practice?
Question: What has Scotland refused to adopt?
Answer: specialist schools
Question: When was Scotland's latest rejection of the specialist school model?
Answer: 2005
Question: All private primary and secondary schools in Scotland are of what type?
Question: All public primary and secondary schools in England are of what type?
Question: What has England refused to adopt?
Question: When was England's latest rejection of the specialist school model?
Question: When wasn't Scotland's latest rejection of the specialist school model?
Question: Which countries have school systems somewhat similar to Northern Ireland?
Answer: England and Wales
Question: Which country isn't Northern England's school system most different from?
Question: Which country is Northern Ireland's school system most different from?
Question: Which country is Northern England's school system most same as?
Question: Which countries have school systems very different from Northern Ireland?
Question: Which countries have school systems somewhat similar to Northern England?
Question: What isn't some controversy about?
Question: What aren't generally in favor of comprehensive schools?
Question: What are generally in favor of uncomprehensive schools?
Question: What are generally in favor of comprehensive schools?
Question: What are generally in favor of comprehensive hospitals?
Question: Which country lies on Congo's northeast border?
Answer: Central African Republic
Question: Whic country lies on Congo's western border?
Answer: Gabon
Question: Which country lies on Congo's northwest border?
Answer: Cameroon
Question: In what part of Africa is the Congo located?
Answer: Central Africa
Question: What is the Angolan name for The Republic of the Congo?
Question: What country borders the west of Gabon?
Question: What borders northwest Cameroon?