huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: What does the article say could be the reason for the buildup of harmful mutations?
Answer: lack of selection mechanisms
Question: What takes place when the host's lifestyle reduces the endosymbiont's genome size?
Question: What do the insects need for vertical transmission?
Question: What happens when there is an increase in the effective population sizes for free living bacteria?
Question: What happens when the DNA/RNA replications are retained?
Question: What type of symbiotic relationship helps one organism and doesn't have a major affect on the other?
Answer: Commensalism
Question: What type of symbiotic relationship happens when there is a major affect on the other organism?
Question: What takes place when the organisms are neither significantly harmed or helped?
Question: Commensalism explains a relationship between how many organisms when one gains most of the benefits?
Question: What word is derived from the medieval English word?
Question: Who is actually sharing a table?
Question: What is the term for a relationship where one organism provides a dwelling for the other?
Answer: inquilinism
Question: What type of relationship is it when arachnids attach webs to dead plants?
Answer: metabiosis
Question: In what type of relationship does an organism travel by means of another?
Answer: phoresy
Question: Where do the spiders build their webs on the hermit crabs?
Question: What is the term for a relationship where one organism refuses to provide a dwelling for the other?
Question: What occurs when the spider utilizes phoresy with the hermit crab?
Question: What can commensal relationships between plants and hermit crabs be considered?
Question: When one organism gives away something another created what is it called?
Question: Antagonistic or antipathetic symbiosis are alternate names for what?
Answer: A parasitic relationship
Question: What is it called when organisms are lethal to their host?
Answer: necrotrophic
Question: What is it called when parasites need their host to live?
Answer: biotrophic
Question: What proportion of animals go through a parasitic stage?
Answer: as many as half
Question: Name a biotrophic organism.
Answer: a tick
Question: What is the relationship termed if both organisms benefit?
Question: What relationship happens after a biotrophic relationship occurs from a tick feeding on the blood of its host?
Question: When both organisms benefit in an antipathetic symbiosis it is known as a?
Question: What is an extremely unsuccessful mode of life?
Question: How many fungi have at least one parasitic phase in their life cycles?
Question: What is the name for the kind of symbiosis in which one organism is seriously harmed and there is no affect on the other?
Answer: Amensalism
Question: What kinds of amensalism are there?
Answer: competition and antibiosis
Question: When a large tree takes the resources a young tree needs, what type of amensalism is it?
Answer: competition
Question: What does the black walnut give out that kills plants?
Answer: juglone
Question: What happens when a larger or stronger organism shares a resource with a smaller or weaker organism?
Question: What happens when the sapling can take up rainwater and deplete some soil nutrients?
Question: What happens when one organism is helped by another through a chemical secretion?
Question: What secrets juglone, a substance which enhances many herbaceous plants within its root zone?
Question: What are two types of antibiosis?
Question: What organisms is the ibex in an amensalistic relationship with?
Answer: weevils
Question: What does the Spanish ibex eat?
Answer: shrub
Question: What type of relationship is it when large animals crush small plants?
Answer: Amensalism
Question: What happens if a weevil eats from an ibex?
Question: What happens when the grass causes damage to an animal's hoof?
Question: What ethnicity are the ibex and the weevils?
Question: What is altered if the presence of ibex has little detrimental effect on the number of weevil?
Question: What genus are the Spanish ibex?
Question: What is the ultimate result of synnecrosis?
Answer: death
Question: How common is synnecrosis in the natural world?
Answer: uncommon
Question: Why do bees sting even though it will kill them?
Answer: to protect the hive
Question: What happens if a bee does not protect the hive?
Question: What is a common type of symbiosis in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved?
Question: What does the long enduring condition and the interaction eventually cause?
Question: What always happens to the victims of the bee sting?
Question: What happens if the bee does not die?
Question: What far-reaching result do scientists think has come about from symbiosis with bacteria?
Answer: the evolution of all eukaryotes
Question: What are eukaryotes?
Answer: plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Question: What do all organelles have that is their own?
Question: What has received more attention than other interactions such as predation or competition?
Question: What eukaryotes create various sorts of bacteria?
Question: What always depends on the cell for the process of division?
Question: What does Margulis think is the main driver of evolution?
Answer: symbiosis
Question: Who agrees with Margulis' cooperative view of evolution?
Answer: Dorion Sagan
Question: What is the biologist Darwin famous for?
Question: What is strongly based only upon uncooperative interaction and independence?
Question: Who was the last to utter this quote "Life did not take over the globe by combat, but by networking."?
Question: What is not considered a driving force behind evolution?
Question: Who currently disagrees with Margulis' cooperative view of evolution?
Question: How big a part did symbiosis have in the development of flowering plants and their pollinators?
Answer: a major role
Question: What did some plants produce when flowers became less simple?
Answer: nectar and large sticky pollen
Question: What is the word for the kind of relationship in which a plant depend on a single type of insect?
Answer: dependent
Question: What gave rise to a select group of plants?
Question: What flowering plants in the fossil record had relatively complex flowers?
Question: What did bats develop to access and collect these rich food sources?
Question: What did birds develop to access and collect these rich food sources?
Question: What animals need to be modified in order to be correspondingly adapted?
Question: What is the French name of the Canadian Armed Forces?
Answer: Forces armées canadiennes
Question: What law constitutes the CAF?
Answer: the National Defence Act
Question: Who are the CAF supposed to protect?
Answer: Her Majesty
Question: What does CF stand for in this context?
Answer: Forces canadiennes
Question: What does CFA stand for?
Question: What does the Canadian Armed Forces Act state?
Question: What act names the leader of the les cnadiennes Forces as Her Majesty?
Question: What is the Italian name of the Canadian Armed Forces?
Question:  What law constitutes the CEF?
Question:  Who aren't the CAF supposed to protect?
Question:  What does COF stand for in this context?
Question: What act defines the CAF?
Answer: the National Defence Act
Question: What does RNC stand for?
Question: What does RACF stand for?
Question: What four components make up the Force Reserve?
Question: What is the Canadian Armed Forces associated with under the National Defence Act?
Question: How many non-sub components are there?
Question:  What act does not define the CAF?
Question: Who currently is the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces?
Answer: Queen Elizabeth II
Question: Who represents Queen Elizabeth II?
Answer: the Governor General of Canada
Question: Who leads the CAF?
Answer: the Chief of the Defence Staff
Question: Who advises the Chief of the Defence?
Answer: the Armed Forces Council.
Question: Who is the Chief Commander of the Canadian Armed Forces?
Question: Who is represented by the Governor General of Canada?
Question: What is led by the Defence Staff Chief?
Question: Who is the Defence Staff Chief advised by?
Question: Who currently is the Assistant-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces?
Question: Who doesn't represent Queen Elizabeth II?
Question:  Who leads the CAEF?
Question:  Who advises the Chief of the Offense?
Question: What was the goal of the CAF during the cold war?
Answer: the security of Europe
Question: What military thread did the CAF protect against in Europe?
Answer: the Soviet military threat
Question: Apprimately since what year was the CAF stationed in Europe?
Answer: the early 1950s
Question: What year did the CAF leave Europe?
Answer: the early 1990s
Question: What were based in Europe in 1950?
Question: Where were Canadian ground and air forces based in 1950?
Question: What years did the Cold War take place?
Question: What war were the CAAF involved in?
Question:  What was the goal of the CAF during the warm war?
Question:  What military thread did the CAF not protect against in Europe?
Question:  Approximately since what year was the CAF not stationed in Europe?
Question: What year did the CAF join Europe?
Question: What Treaty is the CAF part of?
Answer: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Question: What type of operation is the Canadian Military involved in?
Answer: international security operations
Question: What country has the Canadian Military worked in the last years?
Answer: Afghanistan
Question: What year did the Canadian Military operation in Afghanistan start?
Answer: 2002
Question: Where is the current focus of the Canadian Military set?
Answer: out of area
Question: What does NTAO stand for?
Question: What year did the Cold War end?
Question: What country began war in 2002?
Question: What Treaty is the CAF not part of?
Question:  What type of operation is the Canadian Military uninvolved in?
Question:  What country has the Canadian Military not worked in the last years?
Question: What year did the Canadian Military operation in Afghanistan end?
Question:  Where is the current focus of the Canadian Military not set?
Question: When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced?
Answer: 2008
Question: How many missions are carried out internally in Canada?
Answer: six core missions
Question: What other location does the Canada First Defence Strategy Cover?
Answer: North America
Question: When was the First Canada Defence Strategy introduced?
Question: What is based on the First Canada Defence Strategy?
Question: How many global missions are Canadians equipped to carry out?
Question: What other priority do the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute too?
Answer: conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy
Question: What is an example of another activity that the CAF performs?
Answer: deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés
Question: What other air force does the CAF cooperate with?
Answer: the American Air Forces
Question: What is one of the activities the CAF works on with other countries?
Answer: military training
Question: What diplomatic effort does the CAF perform as part of it's duties?
Answer: relationship-building efforts
Question: What do the Armed Canadian Forces contribute to?
Question: How does the Armed Canadian Forces contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy?
Question: What is the Cooperation System Among the American Air Forces an example of?
Question: What other priority do the Canadian Armed Forces never contribute too?
Question:  What is not an example of another activity that the CAF performs?
Question:  What other air force does the CAF not cooperate with?
Question: What is one of the activities the CFF works on with other countries?
Question: What diplomatic effort does the CAF doesn't perform as part of it's duties?
Question: The forces of what countries did people serve before the unification?
Answer: French and British forces
Question: What is one of the threats that faced them?
Answer: European powers
Question: What American war threatened Canada?
Answer: the American Revolutionary War
Question: Early on, what did they defend against with the British?
Answer: invasion by the United States
Question: When was the Confederation established?
Question: What year did the American Revolutionary War take place?
Question: Who aided in defence during the Fenian Rebellion?
Question: Who aided in defence during the Red River Raids?
Question: When were Canadian army units formed?
Question: What year wasn't Canada united in a confederation?
Question: The forces of what countries didn't people serve before the unification?
Question:  What is one of the threats that didn't faced them?
Question:  What Asian war threatened Canada?
Question:  Early on, what didn't they defend against with the British?
Question: Where was the commander-in-chief stationed?
Answer: Halifax
Question: When did the British Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax?
Answer: 1906
Question: The Canadian Armed Forces were initially organized under what department?
Answer: the Department of Militia and Defence
Question: When did the unification complete of all the Canadian forces to be called the Canadian Army?
Answer: November 1940
Question: What responsibility remained with a commander-in-chief for North America?
Question: Where was the British Crown-in-Council stationed?
Question: What year was the Royal Canadian Navy formed?
Question: When were land forces referred to as the Army of Canada?
Question: Who initially didn't have military command?
Question:  Where was the secretary-in-chief stationed?
Question:  When did the French Army and Royal Navy withdraw from Halifax?
Question: The Canadian Armed Forces were initially disorganized under what department?
Question:  When did the unification complete of all the Canadian forces to be called the French Army?
Question: When was the first overseas deployment of the Canadian Military?
Answer: Second Boer War
Question: Under what command did they serve?
Answer: British command
Question: When were Canadian Troops called upon to assist in Europe?
Answer: the First World War
Question: What other European war were the Canadian Forces involved in?
Answer: Second World War
Question: What Asian war were the Canadian Forces involved in?
Answer: Korean War
Question: What force was first deployed overseas during the Second World War?
Question: Who entered into conflict with the United Kingdom during the First World War?
Question: What wars did the Canadian Council-in-Crown send its forces into?
Question: When was the first overseas deployment of the French Military?
Question:  Under what command did they not serve?
Question:  When were Canadian Troops called upon to assist in Asia?
Question:  What other European war were the Canadian Forces not involved in?
Question:  What Asian war were the Canadian Forces never involved in?
Question: How many operations has the Canadian Military been part of since 1947?
Answer: more than 200 operations
Question: How many operations have been completed by the Canadian Military Internationally?
Answer: 72
Question: What are some of the wars the Canadian Military was involved in?
Answer: Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War
Question: What peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of?
Answer: United Nations Peacekeeping operations
Question: What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 15 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis?
Answer: an aircraft carrier
Question: What military units have completed more than 200 operations worldwide?
Question: How many international operations have Canadian military units participated in since 1947?
Question: What have Canadian military units done since 1974?
Question: When did the Cold War take place?
Question: How many operations has the Canadian Military been part of since 1987?
Question: How many operations have been completed by the Canadian Military Nationally?
Question:  What are some of the wars the French Military was involved in?
Question:  What non-peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of?
Question: What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 40 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis?
Question: What famous World War II battle was the Canadian Military part of?
Answer: the Normandy Landings
Question: What effort was the Canadian Military known for in Germany?
Answer: the strategic bombing of German cities
Question: What Battle in France was the Canadian Military known for?
Answer: the Battle of Vimy Ridge
Question: What country was the latest Canadian Military effort?
Answer: Croatia
Question: Who are the Battle of Normandy Landings and the Vimy Ridge Raid notable to?
Question: Who are the Battle of Dieppe and the Battle of Medak Pocket notable to?
Question: What famous World War II battle was the French Military part of?
Question:  What effort was the Canadian Military known for in France?
Question:  What Battle in France was the Canadian Military not known for?
Question:  What country was the latest French Military effort?
Question: Canada had which biggest army during the Second World War?
Answer: the largest volunteer army ever
Question: What country fell providing with more information on Canada's army size?
Answer: the Soviet Union
Question: Which other country had a sizable naval army?
Answer: Japanese
Question: When did Canada possess the fifth-largest air force?
Question: When did Canada possess the fourth-largest naval surface fleet?
Question: What was introduced at then end of the war?
Question: How many conscripts made it into the naval surface fleet?
Question: Canada had which biggest army during the Third World War?
Question: What country fell providing with less information on Canada's army size?
Question:  Which other country had a small naval army?
Question: When did the Canadian Armed Forced become to be?
Answer: 1 February 1968
Question: What does the Canadian Armed Forces mostly consist of?
Answer: the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force
Question: What prevented Canada from fully having their own army at the start?
Answer: the British government
Question: When did Canada gain independence from the United Kingdom?
Answer: 1931
Question: What war aided Canadian legislative independence?
Answer: the First World War
Question:  When did the French Armed Forced become to be?
Question:  What does the Canadian Armed Forces not consist of?
Question: What allowed Canada to fully having their own army at the start?
Question: When did Canada lose independence from the United Kingdom?
Question: When did the Canadian Armed Forces name cease to be?
Answer: After the 1980s
Question: When was the Canadian Armed Forces name reintroduced?
Answer: 2013
Question: What was the new name of the Canadian Armed Forces?
Answer: Canadian Forces
Question: What is the new name of the Canadian Forces?
Question:  When did the French Armed Forces end?
Question:  When was the French Armed Forces name reintroduced?
Question: What was the new name of the French Armed Forces?
Question: Until when were Canadian forces in Afghanistan?
Answer: 2011
Question: What force were the Canadians part of in Afghanistan?
Answer: ISAF
Question: Who requested the aid of the Canadians?
Answer: the Government of Afghanistan
Question: What type of operations were mainly done by Canadian forces?
Answer: peacekeeping
Question: What forces were sent out out of rejection of peacekeeping?
Question:  Until when were Canadian forces in Iraq?
Question:  What force were the Canadians part of in Iraq?
Question:  Who requested the aid of the French?
Question: What is Today's annual cost of the Canadian Forces?
Answer: approximately $20.1 billion
Question: How are the Canadian forces ranked in size compared to other military?
Answer: 74th in size
Question: What is the total force of the Canadian Forces?
Answer: approximately 119,000
Question: By what date is the primary reserve personnel estimated to go up by 30,000?
Answer: 2020
Question: What is the total amount of Canadian Forces estimated to be in 2020?
Answer: around 124,000
Question: What is yesterday's annual cost of the Canadian Forces?
Question: How are the French forces ranked in size compared to other military?
Question: What is the total force of the French Forces?
Question: By what date is the secondary reserve personnel estimated to go up by 30,000?
Question: What was the effort called to upgrade the Canadian Forces?
Answer: the Canada First Defence Strategy
Question: How were the Canadian Forces upgraded in 2008?
Answer: through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness
Question: What major problem is the CAF trying to address currently?
Answer: loss of existing members
Question: What was the effort called to downgrade the Canadian Forces?
Question:  How were the Canadian Forces upgraded in 2018?
Question:  What major problem is the CAF not trying to address currently?
Question: What equipment was acquired to aid in Afghanistan?
Answer: main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles
Question: What large transport plane is part of the CAF mission?
Answer: C-130 Hercules
Question: What new type of helicopter was recently acquired?
Answer: CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters
Question: When was the renewal and re-equipment effort started?
Answer: 2006
Question:  What equipment was acquired to aid in Iraq?
Question:  What small transport plane is part of the CAF mission?
Question:  What new type of helicopter was not recently acquired?
Question:  When was the renewal and re-equipment effort ended?
Question: What roles were women recruited for in the 1950s?
Answer: medicine, communication, logistics, and administration
Question: What year did further recruitment for women open in the CAF?
Answer: 1971
Question: What non traditional tasks were women recruited for in the 1970s?
Answer: vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers
Question: Why were women eventually allowed to serve at sea in the CAF?
Answer: the Department changed its policies
Question: What charter directly affected a women's right to serve in the CAF?
Answer: Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Question:  What roles were women recruited for in the 1980s?
Question:  What year did further recruitment for men open in the CAF?
Question:  What non traditional tasks were women recruited for in the 1990s?
Question:  Why were men eventually allowed to serve at sea in the CAF?
Question: What charter directly affected a man's right to serve in the CAF?
Question: Name some of the jobs in the CAF off limits to women in the 1980s.
Answer: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery
Question: On what date was a study created to research the impart of women in direct involvement?
Answer: 5 February 1987
Question: Who created an office to study these effects?
Answer: the Minister of National Defence
Question: What was the study called?
Answer: Combat-Related Employment of Women
Question: Name some of the teaching opportunities in the CAF off limits to women in the 1980s.
Question: On what date was a study created to research the impart on men in direct involvement?
Question:  Who created an office to reject these effects?
Question:  What was the school called?
Question: What military occupation wasn't opened to women until the 2000s?
Answer: submarine service
Question: By how much did opening these jobs to women increase the recruiting pool by?
Answer: 100 percent
Question: Which government was responsible in Canadian history for this fact?
Answer: the government of Jean Chretien
Question: What year were most military occupations opened to men?
Question: hat military occupation wasn't opened to men until the 2000s?
Question:  By how much did opening these jobs to men increase the recruiting pool by?
Question: Which government was responsible in French history for this fact?
Question: What is a requirement for equipment for the CAF?
Answer: equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force
Question: What are some of the equipment used by both men and women?
Answer: Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots
Question: What special entitlement are women provided as part of their service?
Answer: an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments
Question: What is a requirement for equipment for the CE?
Question:  What are some of the equipment used by neither men and women?
Question: What special entitlement are men provided as part of their service?
Question: What is the hierarchy of the Canadian Armed Forces?
Answer: It begins at the top with the most senior-ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations.
Question: What is the hierarchy of the French Armed Forces?
Question: What determines who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces?
Answer: The Canadian constitution
Question: Who does the Commander-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them?
Answer: the governor general
Question: What orders fall under the royal prerogative?
Answer: troop deployment and disposition orders
Question: Who must sign these orders for them to be valid?
Answer: the monarch or governor general
Question: Who's advice is the monarch supposed to follow regarding these orders?
Answer: the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet
Question: What determines who is the Secretary-in-Chief of the Armed forces?
Question: Who does the Secretary-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them?
Question:  What orders fall under the non-royal prerogative?
Question:  Who must sign these orders for them to be invalid?
Question: Who is the highest ranking member of the Armed Forces?
Answer: the Chief of the Defence Staff
Question: Who appoints the Chief of the Defence?
Answer: The governor general
Question: What location does the National Defense operate out of?
Answer: Ottawa, Ontario
Question: What are some of the members of the Armed Forces Council?
Answer: the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations.
Question: The rallied forces has approximately how many members?
Question:  Who is the highest ranking member of the non-Armed Forces?
Question:  Who doesn't appoint the Chief of the Defence?
Question:  What are some of the members of the Non-Armed Forces Council?
Question: Where do Canadian Forces members go for training?
Answer: Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Question: What is the place called where initial training happens?
Answer: Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School
Question: How many non-Canadian Forces bases are there in Canada?
Question:  Where do non-Canadian Forces members go for training?
Question: What is the place called where post-initial training happens?
Question: Where are the Maritime Forces Atlantic located?
Answer: Halifax
Question: What formation is located in Quebec?
Answer: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ)
Question: What international exercises does the RCN partake in?
Answer: NATO exercises
Question: How many warships does the Non-Canadian Navy have?
Question:  Where are the Maritime Forces Pacific located?
Question:  What formation is located in Ottawa?
Question:  What international exercises does the RNN partake in?
Question: How many divisions are there in the Canadian Army?
Answer: four divisions
Question: What are the four divisions?
Answer: the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division
Question: What division is the Canadian Army Doctrine of?
Answer: the 5th Canadian Division
Question: The Canadian Army Headquarters are located in what division?
Answer: the 5th Canadian Division
Question:  Who heads the non-Canadian Army?
Question:  How many divisions are there in the non-Canadian Army?
Question:  What is the sixth division?
Question:  The non-Canadian Army Headquarters are located in what division?
Question: Each Brigade contains how many regiments?
Answer: one
Question: What squadron is present but not an official part of the Brigade?
Answer: tactical helicopter squadron
Question: What medical group is present at all Brigades but not part of it?
Answer: a field ambulance
Question: How many brigades does the non-Army consist of?
Question:  Each non-Brigade contains how many regiments?
Question:  What squadron is present but is an official part of the Brigade?
Question: What medical group is not present at all Brigades but not part of it?
Question: Where is most of the major training performed?
Answer: CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright.
Question:  Where is most of the minor training performed?
Question: Who heads the Royal Canadian Air Force?
Answer: the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force
Question: Where is the commander based out of?
Answer: Winnipeg
Question: How many air force wings are located across Canada?
Answer: eleven
Question: Who reports to the operational commander about the wings?
Answer: tactical commander
Question:  Who heads the non-Canadian Air Force?
Question: Where is the commander based out of?
Question:  How many air force wings are located outside of Canada?
Question:  Who reports to the operational secretary about the wings?
Question: Where are the command facilities located?
Answer: Winnipeg and North Bay
Question: Where is the Canadian component of the NATO located?
Answer: Geilenkirchen, Germany
Question: What NATO force are the Canadians part of?
Answer: Airborne Early Warning Force
Question: What location is a Canadian airforce base located whose name is also a dog breed?
Answer: Labrador
Question:  What are some locations of the navy bases?
Question:  Where are the non-command facilities located?
Question: Where is the non-Canadian component of the NATO located?
Question:  What non-NATO force are the Canadians part of?
Question: What location is a Canadian navy base located whose name is also a dog breed?
Question: What does JTFN stand for?
Answer: Joint Task Force (North)
Question: What it located through Canada's Northern Regions?
Answer: a chain of forward operating locations
Question: What can each forwarding operation location provide?
Answer: fighter operations
Question: What squadrons deploy to these locations?
Answer: CF-18 squadrons
Question: What patrols are organized from these locations?
Answer: Arctic sovereignty patrols.
Question:  What it located through non-Canada's Northern Regions?
Question: What can't each forwarding operation location provide?
Question:  What squadrons won't deploy to these locations?
Question: What patrols aren't organized from these locations?
Question: What are the parts that merged into the Canadian Joint Operations Command?
Answer: Canada Command, the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command
Question: What specifically prompted this merger?
Answer: the 2012 federal budget
Question:  When was the non-Canadian Joint Operations Command established?
Question: What are the parts that merged into the non-Canadian Joint Operations Command?
Question:  What specifically didn't prompt this merger?
Question: what does CANSOFCOM stand for?
Answer: The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command
Question: What is the CANSOFCOM focussed on?
Answer: generating special operations forces
Question: What do the special forces support?
Answer: CJOC
Question: Where is the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit based?
Answer: CFB Trenton
Question: How many Special Operations Aviation Squadron are based at Petawawa?
Answer: 427
Question: what does CANSOFCORN stand for?
Question:  What is the CANSOFCOM not focused on?
Question:  What don't the special forces support?
Question:  Where is the non-Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit based?
Question: How many Special Operations Aviation Squadron aren't based at Petawawa?
Question: What is the the Information Management Group responsible for?
Answer: electronic warfare and the protection of the Armed Forces' communications and computer networks
Question: Where is the Information Management Group located?
Answer: CFS Leitrim in Ottawa
Question: What is the task of the CAF Cyber Task Force?
Answer: design and build cyber warfare capabilities
Question: When was the Directorate of Cybernetics established?
Answer: June 2011
Question: Who heads the Directorate?
Answer: the Director General Cyber
Question: What is the the Information Management Group not responsible for?
Question:  Where is the non-Information Management Group located?
Question:  What is the task of the non-Cyber Task Force?
Question:  When was the Directorate of Non-Cybernetics established?
Question:  Who was fired from the Directorate?
Question: Who can temporarily be assigned the Health Serviced Group?
Answer: Joint Task Force
Question: What type of support does The Health Services Group provide?
Answer: domestic support
Question: Who won't The Health Services Group serve?
Question:  Who can't temporarily be assigned the Health Serviced Group?
Question:  What type of support does The Health Services Group refuse?
Question: When can the reserve force be called upon?
Answer: in times of national emergency or threat
Question: What troops does The reserve force consists of?
Answer: primary and supplementary
Question: When can't the reserve force be called upon?
Question:  What troops does The reserve force not consist of?
Question: What are some of the components of the reserve force?
Answer: the Naval Reserve (NAVRES), Land Force Reserve (LFR), and Air Reserve (AIRRES)
Question: Who won't command the reserves?
Question:  What are some of the components of the non-reserve force?
Question: Who conducts training of the cadets?
Answer: Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service
Question: What age are the cadets in the Canadian Cadet Movement?
Answer: 12 to 18 years
Question: What branch are the majority of COATS members?
Answer: officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre
Question: Who is eligible to serve as a COATS trainer?
Answer: Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS
Question: Who conducts formation of the cadets?
Question:  What age are the cadets in the Non-Canadian Cadet Movement?
Question:  What branch are the minority of COATS members?
Question:  Who is not eligible to serve as a COATS trainer?
Question: Where do the Canadian Rangers operate?
Answer: in Canada's arctic
Question: Which force are the Rangers part of?
Answer: reserve force
Question: What do the Canadian Rangers safekeep?
Answer: Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory
Question: What do non-Canadian Rangers perform?
Question: Where do the non-Canadian Rangers operate?
Question:  Which force aren't the Rangers part of?
Question:  What genocide did the Canadian Rangers start?
Question: What other parts are there to a uniform?
Answer: gloves, swords, and medals
Question: What is now the daily uniform worn by members of the CAF?
Answer: operational dress is now the daily uniform
Question: What can be worn in cold winter weather?
Answer: Approved parkas
Question: What is only worn for very specific occasions?
Answer: a ceremonial/regimental full dress
Question: What is suitable for CAD members to wear on any occasion?
Question:  What other parts aren't there to a uniform?
Question:  What is not the daily uniform worn by members of the CAF?
Question:  What can be worn in warm winter weather?
Question:  What is only worn for very non-specific occasions?
Question: What are some of the authorized head dresses for the CAF?
Answer: beret, wedge cap, ballcap
Question: Are there specific rules for wearing head dresses?
Answer: coloured according to the distinctive uniform worn
Question: What is the most popular head dress worn?
Answer: The beret
Question: What headdress does the Canadian Army wear?
Answer: CG634 helmet
Question: What are some of the unauthorized head dresses for the CAF?
Question:  Are there specific rules for not wearing head dresses?
Question:  What is the least popular head dress worn?
Question:  What headdress does the Non-Canadian Army wear?
Question: What year was an additional 12.5 Billion Canadian Dollars assigned for over five years?
Answer: 2005
Question: What gives the federal government responsibility for international defense?
Question: What year was an additional 12.5 Billion Canadian Dollars assigned for over 10 years?
Question: What color is the DEU uniform if it isn't green?
Question: What are the "red" trades?
Question: What does "DUE" stand for?
Question: What is the fourth similar environmental uniform?
Question: In 1059, who was responsible for electing the pope? 
Answer: the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees.
Question: What were the cardinals assigned? 
Answer: a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses
Question: Who did not have the right of electing the pope in 1059?
Question: Who held the right to appoint ecclesiastics from outside Rome in 1059?
Question: What were the cardinals not assigned?
Question: Where outside of Rome were the ecclesiastics assigned?
Question: At one time, Priest permanently were assigned to a church were referred to as?
Answer: cardinal
Question: How early was this term used?
Answer: ninth century
Question: The Church of England uses what term that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St. Pauls Catherdral?
Answer: tituli
Question: What Latin word does "cardinal" come from?
Answer: cardo
Question: Which church still holds on to the original meaning of "cardinal" from the above Latin word?
Answer: The Church of England
Question: What does the Latin cardo not mean?
Question: What is the term applied to any priest temporarily assigned or incardinated to a church?
Question: What term was applied as early as the eighth century to the priests of the tituli of the diocese of Rome?
Question: What term was used by the Church of France that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canon of St. Paul's Catherdral?
Question: Which church maintains the original meaning of the Greek word "cardo"?
Question: Who were the first people to be called cardinals in Rome? 
Answer: the deacons of the seven regions of the city
Question: When were the Roman cardinals perceived as a privleged class among the Roman clergy?
Answer: 8th century
Question: What year did the ruling "only a cardinal was eligible to become pope" come in effect?
Answer: 769
Question: Who gave cardinals the right to elect the pope under the Papal Bull In nomine Domini?
Answer: Nicholas II
Question: What was it that gave cardinals the right to elect the pope?
Answer: the Papal Bull In nomine Domini
Question: In what year did the pope allow cardinals to wear the red hats?
Answer: 1244
Question: Who was the pope who gave cardinals the right to wear the hats?
Answer: Pope Innocent IV
Question: Who were the first persons to be called cardinals at the beginning of the 7th century in Rome?
Question: What did the word cardinal begin to mean at the beginning of the 8th century?
Question: When were the Roman cardinals considered part of the peasant class?
Question: In what year was the pope eligible to become a cardinal?
Question: Who rescinded the right of the whole body of cardinals to elect the pope in 1179?
Question: When is the earliest date of using the term cardinal as honorable church men used?
Answer: 747
Question: When was the title of cardinal reserved for the cardinals of Rome by Pius V?
Answer: 1567
Question: In regards to the word "cardinal" being used in cities other than Rome, who sent a letter to Pippin III?
Answer: Pope Zacharias
Question: In what year was the letter sent?
Answer: 747
Question: Which pope declared that cardinals would be from Rome?
Answer: Pius V.
Question: In what year did the pope make the declaration?
Answer: 1567
Question: What term was applied to certain political leaders as a mark of honor?
Question: What did Pippin III call priests of Paris to distinguish them from county clergy?
Question: What century did the term cardinal spread quickly throughout various Muslim cities?
Question: In what year did Pope Zacharias reserve the title for the cardinals of Rome?
Question: Who had a special class among clergy known as priests in the 9th century?
Question: In what year did Pope Pius IV wrote abou tthe selecting of cardinals? 
Answer: 1563
Question: Who was in charge of the Ecumenical Council of Trent?
Answer: Pope Pius IV
Question: In what year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent write in regards to the selection of Cardinals?
Answer: 1563
Question: Who was the pope who headed the Ecumencial Council of Trent in that year?
Answer: Pope Pius IV
Question: What year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent headed by Pope Zacharius write about the importance of selecting good cardinals?
Question: Who led the Ecumenical Council of Thames?
Question: Who did the historic council determine that the College of Cardinals should select as cardinals?
Question: What did our Lord Jesus Christ not require according to the Council of Trent?
Question: Who would not be negligent or forgetful of their office?
Question: Who reasserted the earliest influence of temporal subjects?
Question: Who did the English kings appoint to influence politically significant movement?
Question: What tradition in England, France, and Portugal developed entitling certain political influencers to nominate their trusted subjects?
Question: Who did not reassert themselves through the influence of cardinals?
Question: What Caridinal had powers so great that he basically ran France?
Answer: Cardinal Richelieu
Question: Which cardinal acted a the leader of France due to his amount of power?
Answer: Cardinal Richelieu
Question: Who is the only person to ever become a cardinal king?
Answer: Henry, King of Portugal
Question: What role did priests have in secular affairs?
Question: Who did not take powerful positions in government?
Question: Who acted as Henry VI's chief minister?
Question: Which cardinal had power so great that he effectively ruled England?
Question: What five great cardinals once ruled France?
Question: Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to?
Answer: 70
Question: What did the composition of the cardinals consist of?
Answer: comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons.
Question: During who's term did the ruling exceed? 
Answer: Pope John XXIII
Question: Pope Paul VI increse the number of cardinal electors to? 
Answer: 120
Question: What is the maximum age for electors?
Answer: 80
Question: Pope Paul VI raised the cap on cardinal electors from 70 to what?
Answer: 120
Question: Pope Paul VI had no cap on what?
Answer: the number of cardinals generally
Question: What was the limit of cardinals that Pope Pius implemented?
Question: What did the composition of popes consist of?
Question: Who implemented the maximum age of 60 years for electors?
Question: Who gave a rank to patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches?
Question: What can popes not dispense from?
Question: Where do the cardinals work?
Answer: a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees
Question: What do cardinals do in order to influence governing or administration of goods, discipline, or service of their titular churches?
Question: Which Moroccan cities do cardinals get assigned to their titular church?
Question: What duties are nuns allowed to perform?
Question: Who does not offer monetary support to their titular churches?
Question: What do many nuns do for their titular churches?
Question: Who receives the hishopric of Ostia?
Answer: The Dean of the College of Cardinals
Question: What other title does the Dean of Collge of Cardinals receive upon appointment?
Answer: titular bishopric of Ostia
Question: Who receives the titular bisphoric of Tok Hangari?
Question: What other title does the Dean of the College of Priests receive upon appointment?
Question: What do nuns retain if they are governing a particular church?
Question: What is other title does the President of the College of Cardinals receive?
Question: In was year was the title decreed Eminence?
Answer: 1630
Question: Who decreed this?
Answer: Pope Urban VIII
Question: What rank did the Eminece decree assigned?
Answer: Prince
Question: Who held more power then the cardinal?
Answer: the Pope and crowned monarchs
Question: Which pope decided that being pope was equal to being a prince?
Answer: Pope Urban VIII
Question: What year did Pope Pious II decree their title to be Eminence?
Question: What did was the title of the pope before 1630?
Question: Who decreed that their secular rank would equate to king?
Question: Who held less power then the cardinal?
Question: The Archdiocese of Milwaukee says that the correct way to address a cardinal in English is? 
Answer: "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]"
Question: What is the proper way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee?
Answer: Cardinal [First name] [Surname]
Question: How do cardinals sign traditionally?
Answer: by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname
Question: How do Oriental Patriarchs sign?
Answer: Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis
Question: Why do Oriental Patriarchs sign this way?
Answer: because they do not belong to the Roman clergy
Question: What is not the correct way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee?
Question: How do cardinals sign that is not in accordance with tradition?
Question: What style is generally not followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences?
Question: How do English Patriarchs typically sign?
Question: Who does not belong to the French clergy?
Question: What way is used to announce the election of a new pope in Latin?
Answer: [First name] Cardinal [Surname]
Question: What should the new pople have been before becoming a pope?
Answer: Cardinal
Question: When was the most recent election of a non-cardinal?
Answer: 1378
Question: When is the last time a non cardinal was elected as pope?
Answer: 1378
Question: What way is used in the proclamation of the election of a new nun in Latin?
Question: What should a new pope not have been before becoming a pope?
Question: How should a new pope not be addresses by the Cardinal protodeacon?
Question: When was the last election of a cardinal?
Question: Despite some traditions and rights, no see has the right to what?
Answer: the cardinalate
Question: Which see carries a right to the cardinalate?
Question: Which bishop carries an actual right to the cardinalate?
Question: Who is not sometimes entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate?
Question: Who are not regularly made cardinals?
Question: What is a cardinal bishop?
Answer: cardinals of the episcopal order
Question: Some cardinals are bishop in name only, what are they called?
Answer: Cardinal bishops
Question: Who is among the most junior prelates of the Catholic Church?
Question: What is a cardinal of the Benedictine order?
Question: What are most cardinals not known as in modern times?
Question: What does the term "cardinal bishop" not refer to?
Question: Why did the ceromony of consecrating a bishop have to be preformed by someone who was already a bishop?
Answer: To preserve apostolic succession
Question: What is the rule if the peson elected is not a bishop? 
Answer: he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.
Question: What happens if a Pope is elected who is not a bishop?
Answer: he is consecrated by the Dean of the College of Cardinals, the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.
Question: What was reserved for the cardinals in early times?
Question: Who was generally not elected to cardinal in early times?
Question: What is the rule if the person elected is a bishop?
Question: What happens if a Nun is elected who is not a bishop?
Question: When were the two sees combined? 
Answer: 1150 until 1914
Question: Who separated them?
Answer: Pope Pius X
Question: What are the seven sees?
Answer: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri
Question: What are the name of the eight suburbicarian sees?
Question: Which two sees were united from 1250 to 1944?
Question: What did Pope Pius II do to Velletri and Ostia in 1914?
Question: How did Pope Pius X maintain only four cardinal bishops?
Question: What suburbicarian would the President of the College of Cardinal keep in addition to that Velletri?
Question: Cardinal bishops do not have any powers of governnace over the suburibicarian see since when?
Answer: 1962
Question: Which see doesn't have its own bishop?
Answer: Ostia
Question: Who is in charge of Ostia? 
Answer: Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.
Question: In what year was it decided that cardinal bishops had no power over the seven sees?
Answer: 1962
Question: What see is the one exception to this rule?
Answer: Ostia