huutuan/long_squad_v2 huggingface dataset:
Question: After it became known that Sands and Chopin were unmarried where did they end up taking up shelter?
Answer: a former Carthusian monastery
Question: When did Chopin and Sand become lovers?
Answer: June 1838
Question: Where did Chopin and Sand go between November 1838 and February 1839?
Answer: Majorca
Question: Who joined Chopin and Sand on their trip to Majorca?
Answer: Sand's two children
Question: One of the reasons Chopin and Sand went to Majorca was to escape the threats of who?
Answer: Félicien Mallefille.
Question: Where did Chopin and Sand stay in Valldemossa?
Answer: a former Carthusian monastery
Question: How many doctors saw Frédéric by the 3rd of December?
Answer: Three
Question: What did Frédéric have trouble playing as a result of his growing illness?
Answer: piano
Question: What condition did Frédéric describe the piano that arrived to him through many dangerous obstacles?
Answer: best possible condition
Question: How many doctors visited Chopin?
Answer: 3
Question: What month did Chopin's piano arrive?
Answer: December
Question: What did Chopin compalin about?
Answer: his bad health
Question: What did Chopin have a hard time getting delivered to Majorca?
Answer: his Pleyel piano
Question: What month did Chopin's Pleyel piano arrive in Majorca?
Answer: December
Question: Who did Chopin send his Preludes to?
Answer: Pleyel
Question: What is stated as having a negative effect on Frédéric's health during this productive time?
Answer: bad weather
Question: What culture of French people did Sand sell the piano to?
Answer: Canuts
Question: What city did the group travel to in order to help Frédéric recover?
Answer: Marseilles
Question: Where was Sand's estate located where they stayed for the summers until 1846?
Answer: Nohant
Question: Where did Frédéric and Sand move to in 1842 in buildings next to each other?
Answer: Square d'Orléans
Question: Who did Sand sell Chopin's piano to?
Answer: the Canuts
Question: Where did the group travel to after Barcelona?
Answer: Marseilles
Question: Where was Sand's home?
Answer: Nohant
Question: After returning to Paris where was Chopin's apartment?
Answer: 5 rue Tronchet
Question: In 1842 where did Chopin and Sand move?
Answer: Square d'Orléans
Question: What had a negative effect on Chopin's health?
Answer: the bad weather
Question: Who did Sand sell the piano to?
Answer: the Canuts.
Question: Where did they travel after leaving Barcelona?
Answer: Marseilles
Question: Where did Chopin and Sand move to in 1842?
Answer: Square d'Orléans
Question: Where did they spend most summers until 1846?
Answer: Nohant
Question: What event were Chopin and Sand at on 26 July 1840?
Answer: Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale
Question: What anniversary was the July Revolution that Sand and Chopin were present at a dress rehearsal for?
Answer: tenth
Question: At whose funeral did Chopin play in 1839?
Answer: Adolphe Nourrit
Question: What instrument did Chopin play at  Adolphe Nourrit's funeral?
Answer: organ
Question: What piece did Chopin play at  Adolphe Nourrit's funeral?
Answer: Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne
Question: Chopin attended the funeral of who in 1839?
Answer: Adolphe Nourrit
Question: What did Chopin play at the funeral?
Answer: Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne.
Question: What was the dress rehearsal for?
Answer: Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale
Question: It was in commemoration of the tenth anniversary of what?
Answer: the July Revolution.
Question: What is the example given of a work produced by Frédéric during calm summers at Nohant?
Answer: Polonaise in A-flat major, Op. 53
Question: Which of the two people that visited Chopin were tutored by him on piano?
Answer: Pauline Viardot
Question: On what date did Delacroix write a letter based on his visit at Nohant?
Answer: 7 June 1842
Question: What did Chopin help Pauline Viardot with?
Answer: piano technique and composition
Question: Who were two visitors to Chopin while in Nohant?
Answer: Delacroix and the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot
Question: What two things did Chopin advise Viardot on?
Answer: piano technique and composition.
Question: Who wrote a letter on June 7, 1842 about a stay in Nohant?
Answer: Delacroix
Question: In which year did Chopin begin experiencing a serious decline in health?
Answer: 1842
Question: To whom did Chopin write a letter on 21 February 1842 about his agonizing pain?
Answer: Grzymała
Question: What performance was Chopin forced to decline due to his increasing ill health?
Answer: Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement at Erard's
Question: What instrument did Chopin play for Charles Hallé when the latter visited him?
Answer: piano
Question: What has current day research suggested that Chopin was suffering from alongside his other illnesses?
Answer: temporal lobe epilepsy
Question: Starting in what year did Chopin start showing evidence of very bad health?
Answer: 1842
Question: What second performance did Chopin have to decline to play?
Answer: Beethoven Seventh Symphony arrangement
Question: What specific illness does modern evidence point to Chopin having?
Answer: temporal lobe epilepsy
Question: When did Chopin show signs of serious illness?
Answer: From 1842 onwards
Question: Chopin wrote in 1842 that he had to lie in bed all day because what ached so much?
Answer: mouth and tonsils
Question: Chopin had to decline who's invitation in 1843 to particpate in a performance at Erard's?
Answer: Alkan
Question: Who visited Chopin in 1844 and wrote about his inability to move?
Answer: Charles Hallé
Question: Modern medicine indicates Chopin may have suffered from what condition?
Answer: temporal lobe epilepsy.
Question: What was the name of Sand's daughter's fiance that contributed to deteriorating the relationship between Sand and Chopin?
Answer: Auguste Clésinger
Question: What was the interest Sand had that Chopin showed apathy towards?
Answer: radical political pursuits
Question: What did Sand begin referring to Chopin as as his illness got worse?
Answer: third child
Question: What was the name of Sand's novel she published in reference to her situation with Chopin?
Answer: Lucrezia Floriani
Question: In what year did Chopin and Sand ultimately bring their relationship to a close?
Answer: 1847
Question: When did Chopin's relationship with Sand start to deteriorate?
Answer: 1846
Question: Whom did Sand's daughter Solange become engaged to?
Answer: Auguste Clésinger
Question: What novel did Sand write in 1847?
Answer: Lucrezia Floriani
Question: Who was the fortune hunter engaged to Sand's daughter?
Answer: Auguste Clésinger.
Question: What role did Sand take on as her relationship with Chopin progressed?
Answer: nurse
Question: What was the name of Sand's book where the main characters can be interpreted as Sand and Chopin?
Answer: Lucrezia Floriani
Question: When did Chopin end his relationship with Sand?
Answer: 1847
Question: What was the name of the single piece of work he wrote in 1844?
Answer: Op. 58 sonata
Question: What can be said of these works compared to his work in other years even though the quantity was less?
Answer: more refined than many of his earlier compositions
Question: How many pieces did Chopin write in 1841?
Answer: a dozen
Question: How many pieces did Chopin compose in 1842?
Answer: six
Question: What piece did Chopin compose in 1844?
Answer: Op. 58 sonata
Question: How many works did Chopin write in 1842?
Answer: six
Question: How many works did Chopin write in 1843?
Answer: six shorter pieces
Question: How many works did Chopin write in 1845?
Answer: three mazurkas
Question: In what month and year did Chopin give his final performance?
Answer: February 1848
Question: With whom did Chopin perform his final concert?
Answer: Auguste Franchomme
Question: When did Chopin last perform?
Answer: February 1848
Question: Who did Chopin last perform with?
Answer: Auguste Franchomme
Question: Plitical strife, popularity decline, instability of era and fewer students caused Chopin to what?
Answer: struggle financially.
Question: Who did Chopin have at his last Parisian concert in 1848?
Answer: Auguste Franchomme
Question: What instrument did Auguste Franchomme play?
Answer: Cello
Question: What two people created a documentary on Chopin for Italian tv?
Answer: Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda
Question: What was the title of the documentary the BBC released?
Answer: The Women Behind The Music
Question: What television station released a documentary on Chopin?
Answer: BBC
Question: What was the name of the documentary released by the BBC?
Answer: Chopin – The Women Behind The Music
Question: What are the names of the two people that created a documentary for Italian tele vision?
Answer: Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda
Question: Who did a work for Italian television about Chopin's life?
Answer: Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda
Question: What was the name of the 1945 movie released about Chopin?
Answer: A Song to Remember
Question: What is the name of the actor who received and Oscar nomination for his role as Chopin?
Answer: Cornel Wilde
Question: What year was  La valse de l'adieu released?
Answer: 1928
Question: Who starred as Chopin in Impromptu?
Answer: Hugh Grant
Question: Chopins relations with whom have been fictionalized in movies?
Answer: George Sand
Question: What 1945 film was a fictionalized accounting of the relationship between Chopin and Sand?
Answer: A Song to Remember
Question: Who portrayed Chopin in A Song to Remember?
Answer: Cornel Wilde
Question: Who portrayed Chopin in the 1928 film, La valse de l'adieu?
Answer: Pierre Blanchar
Question: Who portrayed Chopin in the 1991 film, Impromptu?
Answer: Hugh Grant
Question: When was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?
Answer: 1901
Question: Where was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life created?
Answer: Milan
Question: Who is responsible for the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?
Answer: Giacomo Orefice
Question: What is thought to be the first fictionalized work about Chopin?
Answer: Chopin
Question: What style is the fictionalized "Chopin" in?
Answer: opera
Question: Who wrote the fictionalized "Chopin?"
Answer: Giacomo Orefice
Question: When was the fictionalized "Chopin" produced?
Answer: 1901.
Question: Where was the fictionalized "Chopin" produced?
Answer: Milan
Question: An 1830 sonnet was written about Chopin by what man?
Answer: Leon Ulrich
Question: Aside from George Sands what two French authors have written about Chopin?
Answer: Marcel Proust and André Gide
Question: Leon Ulrich wrote about Chopin in what format?
Answer: sonnet
Question: What is the earliest sighting of Chopin in Polish Literature?
Answer: sonnet on Chopin by Leon Ulrich
Question: When did Ulrich do his sonnet on Chopin?
Answer: 1830
Question: In addition to Polish and French, what other language has numerous biogrpahies of Chopin?
Answer: English
Question: The Warsaw Chopin Society holds the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin how often?
Answer: every five years.
Question: What is the name of the event that The Warsaw Chopin Society holds?
Answer: Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin
Question: On Chopin's 200th anniversary critics of what publication made recommendations on recordings of Chopin's work?
Answer: The New York Times
Question: Who organizes the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings?
Answer: The Warsaw Chopin Society
Question: How often is the Grand prix du disque de F. Chopin for notable Chopin recordings held?
Answer: every five years.
Question: Upon Chopin's bicentenary, who recommended a list of who should perform Chopin?
Answer: The New York Times
Question: What is the title of the earliest known recording of Chopin's work?
Answer: Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2
Question: Who played the earlier known recording of Chopin's work?
Answer: Paul Pabst
Question: What has stated that every pianist in the recording era has used Chopin's music?
Answer: The British Library
Question: When did Pabst record his Chopin performance?
Answer: 1895
Question: Who has given a discography of pianists' representation of Chopin's pedagogic style?
Answer: Methuen-Campbell
Question: What is the name of the oldest music essay competition?
Answer: International Chopin Piano Competition
Question: What year was the International Chopin Piano Competition founded?
Answer: 1927
Question: Where is the International Chopin Piano Competition held?
Answer: Warsaw
Question: How often is the International Chopin Piano Competition held?
Answer: every five years
Question: The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland includes approximately how many recordings of Chopin's work from Youtube?
Answer: 1,500
Question: What is the world's oldest monographic music competition?
Answer: the International Chopin Piano Competition
Question: When was the International Chopin Piano Competition established?
Answer: 1927
Question: There are over 80 societies throughout the world that have been established because of Chopin and his music according to who?
Answer: The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland
Question: How many known works of Chopin's music were on YouTube up to the beginning of 2014?
Answer: nearly 1,500
Question: What is the name of the ballet that included Chopin's work?
Answer: Chopiniana
Question: Who choreographed a ballet which included Chopin's work?
Answer: Michel Fokine
Question: Chopiniana later went by a different name, what is that name?
Answer: Les Sylphides
Question: Who orchestrated Chopiniana?
Answer: Alexander Glazunov
Question: What year was the Chopiniana released?
Answer: 1909
Question: Which 1909 ballet used Chopin's music?
Answer: Chopiniana
Question: Who choreographed Chopiniana?
Answer: Michel Fokine
Question: Who orchestrated Chopiniana?
Answer: Alexander Glazunov.
Question: Sergei Diaghilev obtained additional orchestrations for subsequent productions, using which title?
Answer: Les Sylphides.
Question: Where did Chopin head to during the Revolution of 1848?
Answer: London
Question: Who provided the majority of funds for his concert tour in London?
Answer: Jane Stirling
Question: Where did Chopin go in the spring of 1848?
Answer: London
Question: What two people suggested the 1848 tour?
Answer: Jane Stirling and her elder sister
Question: Who paid for most of the 1848 music tour of Chopin?
Answer: Jane Stirling
Question: What was happening in April 1848 in Paris?
Answer: Revolution
Question: What was Jane Stirling's national heritage?
Answer: Scottish
Question: What company provided Chopin with a piano while in London?
Answer: Broadwood
Question: Where was Chopin's initial performance?
Answer: Stafford House
Question: What two notable guests were present during his premiere performance at Stafford House?
Answer: Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
Question: What date did he perform with Viardot?
Answer: 7 July
Question: What steet did Chopin stay on in London?
Answer: Dover Street
Question: What did Broadway provide for Chopin?
Answer: a grand piano.
Question: What two dignitaries where at his first performance in London?
Answer: Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.
Question: In addition to hearing him play, what else did people seek from Chopin in London?
Answer: piano lessons
Question: Who sang chopin arrangements on July 7 of the year Chopin was in London?
Answer: Viardot
Question: What doctor was with Chopin when he wrote out his will?
Answer: Adam Łyszczyński
Question: Where was Chopin invited to in late summer?
Answer: Scotland
Question: What city did Chopin perform at on September 27?
Answer: Glasgow
Question: What did Chopin write while staying with Doctor Adam Łyszczyński?
Answer: will
Question: When did Chopin last appear in public?
Answer: 16 November 1848
Question: Where was Chopin's last public performance?
Answer: Guildhall
Question: Who were the beneficiaries of his last public concert?
Answer: Polish refugees.
Question: What was the diagnosis of Chopin's health condition at this time?
Answer: terminal
Question: Where was Chopin's last public performance?
Answer: London's Guildhall
Question: Who did Chopin play for while she sang?
Answer: Delfina Potocka
Question: In 1849 where did Chopin live?
Answer: Chaillot
Question: Who was anonymously paying for Chopin's apartment?
Answer: Princess Obreskoff
Question: When did Chopin return to Paris?
Answer: November
Question: Chopin accompanied which singer for friends?
Answer: Delfina Potocka
Question: Where did his friends found Chopin an apartment in 1849?
Answer: Chaillot
Question: Who paid for Chopin's apartment in Chaillot?
Answer: Princess Obreskoff.
Question: When did Jenny Lind visit Chopin?
Answer: June 1849
Question: When did his sister come to stay with Chopin?
Answer: June 1849
Question: In September 1849 where did Chopin take up residence?
Answer: Place Vendôme 12
Question: Which family member came to Paris in June 1849?
Answer: his sister
Question: Who accompanied Chopin's sister to Paris?
Answer: her husband and daughter
Question: Who gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment?
Answer: Jane Stirling
Question: What did Parisian ladies consider proper etiquette when in Chopin's room?
Answer: to faint
Question: Why did Chopin request being cut open after his death?
Answer: fear of being buried alive
Question: What did Chopin reply to the doctor when asked is he was suffering?
Answer: "No longer"
Question: Who made Chopin's death mask?
Answer: Clésinger
Question: Why did Chopin want his body opened when he died?
Answer: fear of being buried alive
Question: What did Solange's husband make hours after Chopin's death along with his death mask?
Answer: a cast of his left hand.
Question: What was the name of Chopin's doctor?
Answer: Jean Cruveilhier
Question: What has the Polish government not allowed to find true cause of death?
Answer: DNA testing
Question: What was the cause of death on Chopin's death certificate?
Answer: tuberculosis
Question: Who was Chopin's physician?
Answer: Jean Cruveilhier
Question: Other possiblities for Chopin's death include cirrhosis, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, and what?
Answer: cystic fibrosis
Question: Who has denied testing Chopin's DNA to determine the actual cause of death?
Answer: the Polish government.
Question: Where was Chopin's funeral held?
Answer: Church of the Madeleine
Question: How long was Chopin's funeral delayed?
Answer: two weeks
Question: How many people arrived for Chopin's funeral?
Answer: Over 3,000
Question: Where was Chopin's funeral held?
Answer: the Church of the Madeleine in Paris
Question: How many people arrived without an invitation?
Answer: Over 3,000
Question: What song was sung at Chopin's funeral?
Answer: Mozart's Requiem
Question: Who was the organist at Chopin's funeral?
Answer: Louis Lefébure-Wély
Question: Who led Chopin's funeral procession?
Answer: Prince Adam Czartoryski
Question: What was played at his graveside?
Answer: Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2
Question: What Mozart song was sung at Chopin's funeral?
Answer: Mozart's Requiem
Question: Who was the organist for Chopin's funeral?
Answer: Louis Lefébure-Wély
Question: Which cemetery was Chopin buried in?
Answer: Père Lachaise Cemetery
Question: Who led the funeral procession?
Answer: Prince Adam Czartoryski
Question: What was played at Chopin's graveside?
Answer: the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2
Question: What is the name of the muse carved on Chopin's tombstone?
Answer: Euterpe
Question: How much did Chopin's funeral cost?
Answer: 5,000 francs
Question: Who paid for Chopin's funeral?
Answer: Jane Stirling
Question: Chopin's sister Ludwika took his heart back to Warsaw preserved in what?
Answer: alcohol
Question: Who designed Chopin's tombstone?
Answer: Clésinger.
Question: How much did Chopin's funeral and monument cost?
Answer: 5,000 francs
Question: Who took Chopin's heart to Poland?
Answer: sister
Question: Who ended up with the 200 letters from Sand to Chopin?
Answer: Sand
Question: All of his pieces include what instrument?
Answer: piano
Question: How many Chopin pieces are known to have survived?
Answer: Over 230
Question: Only a few of Chopin's pieces involve more than the piano, including piano concertos, songs and what?
Answer: chamber music.
Question: Whose piano method did Chopin use with his students?
Answer: Clementi
Question: Who did Chopin say were the two most important composers in his own music influences?
Answer: Bach and Mozart
Question: Chopin looked to Beethoven, Mozart, Clementi and who for his own music education?
Answer: Haydn
Question: Chopin was the first person to create what as singular concert pieces?
Answer: ballades and scherzi
Question: What new genre di John Field invent?
Answer: nocturne
Question: Chopin was first in writing what for concerts?
Answer: ballades and scherzi
Question: What musical concept did Chopin exploit?
Answer: concert étude
Question: What three other musicians were developing the new genre?
Answer: Liszt, Clementi and Moscheles
Question: How many polonaises were published after Chopin died?
Answer: nine
Question: Chopin was credited for making what more internationally known?
Answer: mazurkas
Question: What is different about Chopin's waltzes versus a ballroom waltz?
Answer: faster tempos
Question: What did Chopin add to the modern dance of his era?
Answer: greater range of melody and expression.
Question: Chopin's Polish dance music was developed for what type of hall?
Answer: concert hall
Question: What was Chopin responsible for making popular with Euorpeans?
Answer: the mazurka
Question: How many Chopin polonaises were published after his death?
Answer: nine
Question: What dance music of Chopin was written more for recitals than ballrooms?
Answer: waltzes
Question: What is another title Op. 10, No. 12 has garnered? 
Answer: the Revolutionary Étude
Question: What is the only piece Chopin gave an actual title to?
Answer: Funeral March
Question: The Funeral March was written as part of what piece?
Answer: Sonata No. 2
Question: How many instrumental works did Chopin give a descriptive name to?
Answer: one
Question: What descriptive name was Op. 10, No. 12 given?
Answer: Revolutionary Étude
Question: What descriptive name was Op. 64, No. 1 given?
Answer: Minute Waltz
Question: Who was Chopin's musical executor?
Answer: Julian Fontana
Question: How many unfinished pieces did Julian Fontana make into eight more opus numbers?
Answer: 23
Question: Op. 74 is made up of how many Polish songs?
Answer: 17
Question: What is the last opus number that Chopin used?
Answer: 65
Question: Who grouped 23 unpublished pieces and published them as Opp. 66-73 in 1855?
Answer: Julian Fontana
Question: When was Op. 74 published?
Answer: 1857
Question: The Kobylańska Catalogue was named for who?
Answer: Krystyna Kobylańska
Question: Pieces published after what year stopped receiving opus numbers?
Answer: 1857
Question: What have pieces published after 1857 been given rather than opus numbers?
Answer: alternative catalogue designations
Question: What is the current musicologist reference for Chopin's pieces?
Answer: the Kobylańska Catalogue
Question: What is the shortened reference for the Kobylańska Catalogue?
Answer: KK
Question: Who compiled the Kobylańska Catalogue?
Answer: Krystyna Kobylańska.
Question: Who released the first collection of Chopin's works?
Answer: Breitkopf & Härtel
Question: Who edited the Polish "National Edition" of Chopin's works?
Answer: Jan Ekier
Question: Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel were what to Chopin?
Answer: original publishers
Question: Where did Chopin's work start t oshow up?
Answer: popular 19th-century piano anthologies.
Question: What was the name under scholarly publications of Chopin's work form 1937 to 1966?
Answer: Paderewski
Question: Who edited the Polish National Edition?
Answer: Jan Ekier
Question: Rosen suggests that a central part of Chopin's uniqueness is how he handles what?
Answer: the four-bar phrase
Question: What is central to Chopin's creativeness?
Answer: Improvisation
Question: Who wrote that "improvisation is designed for an audience"?
Answer: Nicholas Temperley
Question: What did Rosen suggest was important about chopin's personality?
Answer: his flexible handling of the four-bar phrase as a structural unit.
Question: What piece does J. Barrie Jones pinpoint as a great example of Chopin's palette?
Answer: the Barcarolle Op. 60
Question: What does J. Barrie Jones feel stands supreme of Chopin's concert pieces?
Answer: the four ballades and four scherzos
Question: What form does Temperley feel that Chopin's ballades and scherzos are based on?
Answer: departure and return
Question: Chopin's mazurkas contain more of what than his other compositions? 
Answer: folk features
Question: What form are Chopin's mazurkas and waltzes in?
Answer: straightforward ternary or episodic form, sometimes with a coda.
Question: Which of Chopin's works shows more folk aspects?
Answer: mazurkas
Question: What type of bass do Chopin's mazurkas exhibit?
Answer: drone bass
Question: What does Chopin's Op. 63 No. 3 have that is rare?
Answer: a canon at one beat's distance
Question: Chopin's ability to create an advanced polonasises surpassed even two of his teachers, Zywny and who?
Answer: Elsner
Question: Chopin's polonaise often have what kind of rhythm in their melodies?
Answer: martial
Question: Chopin's polonaises needed what kind of playing technique?
Answer: formidable
Question: What is it about the middle of Chopin's nocturnes that increases their drama?
Answer: agitated expression
Question: Chopin's nocturnes were more structured than who?
Answer: Field
Question: What year did Chopin meet Field?
Answer: 1833
Question: Which type of Chopin's compositons were difficult for perfomers due to their middle sections?
Answer: nocturnes
Question: What form are most of Chopin's études in?
Answer: straightforward ternary
Question: Chopin often taught his piano technique using what form of music he wrote?
Answer: études
Question: What piece of Bach's did Chopin take inspiration for his preludes?
Answer: The Well-Tempered Clavier
Question: Who suggested that Chopin's preludes were not intended to be played as a group?
Answer: Kenneth Hamilton
Question: What was described as "the beginning of studies" by Schumann?
Answer: The preludes
Question: What inspired Chopin for his preludes?
Answer: J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier
Question: Kenneth Hamilton suggests that the preludes may not have been meant as a group but rather as what?
Answer: generic preludes to others of his pieces
Question: Who did a recording where Étude Op. 10 No. 5. follows relude Op. 28 No. 7?
Answer: Ferruccio Busoni
Question: How many movements are No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58 in?
Answer: four
Question: What two people claimed that Op 58 was "worthy of Brahms"?
Answer: Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson
Question: How many movements are in No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58?
Answer: four
Question: Which movement was found lacking in musicality by Schumann?
Answer: The last movement
Question: According to music historians, which sonata is similar to German tradition and worthy of Brahms?
Answer: Op. 58
Question: Chopin's chord progressions are similar in style to what other composer?
Answer: Claude Debussy
Question: What likely arose due to Chopin's technique with keyboards?
Answer: harmonic innovations
Question: Who wrote about Chopin's "novel harmonic effects"?
Answer: Temperley
Question: Who wrote about a Chopin 1841 recital?
Answer: Léon Escudier
Question: What writing of Chopin talks about everything about piano playing has to do with proper fingering?
Answer: his Projet de méthode
Question: According to J. Barrie Jones who was the only true successor to Chopin?
Answer: Karol Szymanowski
Question: Many people were considered influenced by Chopin's what?
Answer: national modes and idioms
Question: Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?
Answer: Nikolai Zverev
Question: Who was Chopin's worthy successor according to Jones?
Answer: Karol Szymanowski
Question: Who was devoted to the music of Chopin?
Answer: Alexander Scriabin
Question: Who wrote that the current large concert style conflicts with Chopin's preference of intimate performances?
Answer: Jonathan Bellman
Question: What did Chopin tend to avoid?
Answer: rigid procedures
Question: What has been falsely credited to Chopin?
Answer: "always crescendo to a high note"
Question: What did Chopin tell a student is given up in concerts?
Answer: hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art
Question: Who wrote about Chopin's "chromatic embroidery"?
Answer: Berlioz
Question: Who wrote that Chopin's music, when played by him, became a "colorful wreath of flowers"?
Answer: Hiller
Question: What does rubato mean?
Answer: the practice in performance of disregarding strict time
Question: In Chopin's music where strict timing is disregarded, what is it called?
Answer: rubato
Question: What type of Chopin's music had the most disregard for strict timing according to Charles Rosen?
Answer: mazurkas
Question: According to who did Chopin demand strictly sticking with rhythm?
Answer: Friederike Müller
Question: Which student said Chopin made sure his students knew his legato, cantabile style of playing?
Answer: Friederike Müller
Question: According to Friederike Müller, Chopin insisted his students have the strictest adherence to what?
Answer: rhythm.
Question: What year did Schumann review Chopin's piano concertos?
Answer: 1836
Question: In his review Schumann made note of Chopin's emotions for what?
Answer: Poland
Question: Why did Schumann say the Poles were in mourning?
Answer: the failure of the November 1830
Question: A biography on Chopin released under Franz Liszt's name was likely written by who?
Answer: Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
Question: Chopin was able to bring about a new sense of nationalism with his music because of his mazurkas and what?
Answer: polonaises
Question: Who wrote a glowing review of Chopin's love for his country through his music in 1836?
Answer: Schumann
Question: Schumann described Chopin's music as cannons buried in what?
Answer: flowers
Question: Though Franz Liszt is credited with Chopin's 1863 biography, who probably actually wrote it?
Answer: Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
Question: Who said that Chopin's familiarity with Polish music was more "urbanised"  than true folk music?
Answer: Barbara Milewski
Question: George Golos references what two musicians when claiming Chopin's nationalism was overrated? 
Answer: Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel
Question: Who said Chopin's works were modeled after Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field?
Answer: Richard Taruskin
Question: William Atwood suggested that Chopin's music wasn't purposely patriotic but what?
Answer: intuitive
Question: A modern commentator, William Atwood, feels Poles not only sought solace in Chopin's music but also found them a source of strength as they continued to fight for what?
Answer: freedom
Question: Where were Poles scattered to?
Answer: Europe and the New World
Question: Arthur Hutchings stated that Chopin's lack of what made him special?
Answer: Byronic flamboyance
Question: Who were two of Chopin's contemporaries?
Answer: Liszt and Henri Herz
Question: What place was considered lucky for Chopin to have arrived at considering how much he charged for piano lessons?
Answer: Paris
Question: Who said Chopin was unlike his romantic contemporaries Liszt and Henri Herz?
Answer: Arthur Hutchings
Question: In what suite did Schumann name a work for Chopin?
Answer: Carnaval
Question: What piece of Chopin's work was dedicated to Schumann? 
Answer: Ballade No. 2 in F major
Question: How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transliterate for piano?
Answer: six
Question: With who did Chopin feel comfortable speaking of folk music with?
Answer: Alkan
Question: What was recognized about Chopin from his musical peers?
Answer: qualities as a pianist and composer
Question: What Schumann suite contained the name of a piece Schumann named for Chopin?
Answer: Carnaval
Question: What piece did Chopin dedicate to Schumann?
Answer: Ballade No. 2 in F major
Question: What other musician shows to have elements of Chopin in his work?
Answer: Liszt
Question: Who dedicated his 1915 piano Études to Chopin?
Answer: Debussy
Question: For what publisher to Debussy edit Chopin's music for?
Answer: Jacques Durand
Question: Who was a student of Chopin's former students and actually recorded some Chopin music?
Answer: Raoul Koczalski
Question: What music did Debussy play a lot at the Paris Conservatoire?
Answer: Chopin's
Question: Who were Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain?
Answer: Mainland Chinese scholars
Question: During what years did the Mongol leader Kublai Khan rule?
Answer: 1402–1424
Question: Who did the Yongle Emperor try to build a religious alliance with?
Answer: Deshin Shekpa
Question: Deshin Shekpa was the head of what school?
Answer: the Karma Kagyu school
Question: The Tibetan leaders had a diplomacy with what neighboring state?
Answer: Nepal
Question: Who were the armed protectors for the Gelug Dalai Lama?
Answer: the Mongols
Question: Which regime did Güshi Khan help establish? 
Answer: the Ganden Phodrang
Question: When was the Mongol-Tibetan alliance started?
Answer: 1578
Question: In what century did the Tibetan Empire fall?
Answer: the 9th century
Question: Who signed multiple peace treaties with the Tang? 
Answer: The Yarlung rulers of Tibet
Question: What did one of the treaties between the Tang and Tibet help fix?
Answer: the borders between Tibet and China
Question: Who was the Tangs biggest rival?
Answer: Tibet
Question: What year did Tang and Tibet sign a treaty to fix the borders?
Answer: 821
Question: When did the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China take place?
Answer: 907–960
Question: When did the Song dynasty take place?
Answer: 960–1279
Question: What dynasty was concerned with countering northern enemy states?
Answer: Song dynasty
Question: Who ruled the Liao dynasty?
Answer: the Khitan
Question: Who ruled the  Jin dynasty?
Answer: Jurchen
Question: Which ruler took Western Xia under their control?
Answer: Genghis Khan
Question: Who was Genghis Khan's successor? 
Answer: Ögedei Khan
Question: What years did Ögedei Khan rule?
Answer: 1229–1241
Question: Who invaded Tibet? 
Answer: Ögedei Khan
Question: Who was the leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism?
Answer: Sakya Pandita
Question: Who was the regent of the Mongol Empire?
Answer: Töregene Khatun
Question: In what years was Töregene Khatun the regent of the Mongol Empire?
Answer: 1241–1246
Question: What title did prince Kublai rule as from 1260 to 1294?
Answer: Khagan
Question: Who was the superior of prince Kublai?
Answer: Ögedei Khan
Question: Who became the second Karmapa Lama?
Answer: Karma Pakshi
Question: With whom did Kublai Khan have a unique relationship with? 
Answer: the Phagpa lama
Question: When did Kublai Khan conquer the song dynasty?  
Answer: 1279
Question: When did the Yuan dynasty rule?
Answer: 1271–1368
Question: Which dynasty ruled all of china? 
Answer: the Yuan dynasty
Question: What did Khubilai claim for a while?
Answer: universal rule
Question: Where did Khubilai seek support as Emperor?
Answer: China
Question: What year was the Sakya viceregal regime eradicated? 
Answer: 1358
Question: Who placed the Sakya viceregal regime position of authority?
Answer: the Mongols in Tibet
Question: Who eradicated the Sakya viceregal regime? 
Answer: the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen
Question: Which dynasty became ruler of Tibet?  
Answer: the Phagmodrupa Dynasty
Question: Who caused the Yuan dynasty to fall?
Answer: the Red Turban Rebellion
Question: Who ruled as the the Hongwu Emperor?
Answer: Zhu Yuanzhang
Question: What years did Zhu Yuanzhang rule as the Hongwu Emperor?
Answer: 1368–1398
Question: Who did the Hongwu Emperor send convoys to?
Answer: Yuan officeholders
Question: Who was the fourth Karmapa Lama?
Answer: Rolpe Dorje
Question: Who rejected an invitation by the Hongwu Emperor?
Answer: Rolpe Dorje
Question: What did the the Hongwu Emperor want to continue to promote?
Answer: the Buddhist link between Tibet and China
Question: Who did Rolpe Dorje send as envoys to court in Nanjing?
Answer: disciples
Question: Who created a law that did not allow Han Chinese to learn the beliefs of Tibetan Buddhism?
Answer: Ming government
Question: What years did the Yongle Emperor reign? 
Answer: 1402–1424
Question: Who worked towards obtaining a extension of relations with Tibet?
Answer: the Yongle Emperor
Question: What years did the Qing dynasty rule?
Answer: 1644–1912
Question: what year was the history of Ming produced? 
Answer: 1739
Question: What did the Ming dynasty create?
Answer: É-Lì-Sī Army-Civilian Marshal Office
Question: How many Qianhu offices were there?
Answer: seventeen Qianhu offices
Question: where was the É-Lì-Sī Army-Civilian Marshal Office established?
Answer: western Tibet
Question: Who established the Tibetan law code?
Answer: Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen
Question: Who was the Phagmodru ruler?
Answer: Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen
Question: who was a professor of the University of Washington?
Answer: Turrell V. Wylie
Question: Who had a large amount of contacts with china during Yuan?
Answer: Tibet
Question: Who believed that Tibet barely had any diplomatic relations with the Ming?
Answer: Morris Rossabi
Question: Who supported van Praag's beliefs? 
Answer: historian Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa
Question: Who did not agree with van Praag and Shakabpa?
Answer: Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain
Question: Who believed that the Ming court had full sovereignty over Tibet?
Answer: Wang and Nyima
Question: What year did Wang and Nyima believe that the Mongol Prince Punala went to Nanjing?
Answer: 1371
Question: What did the lamas called themselves?
Answer: princes
Question: What edicts did the Ming issue?
Answer: imperial edicts
Question: Who wrote the book The Story of Tibet?
Answer: Journalist and author Thomas Laird
Question: who colonized India and New Zealand?
Answer: the British
Question: Who's viewpoint does Thomas Laird believe Wang and Nyima present?
Answer: the government viewpoint of the People's Republic of China
Question: How did the The Columbia Encyclopedia describe the Yuan dynasty?
Answer: A Mongol dynasty of China
Question: How did the Encyclopedia Americana describe the Yuan Dynasty?
Answer: the line of Mongol rulers in China
Question: What did Thomas Laird dismiss the Yuan dynasty as?
Answer: a non-Chinese polity
Question: Who wrote the book Khubilai Khan?
Answer: Rossabi
Question: When did the yuan dynasty start and end?
Answer: 1271 to 1368
Question: When did Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan reign?
Answer: 1311–1320
Question: During the Yuan what existed between China and Tibet? 
Answer: a licensed border market
Question: Who was granted higher status than the Han Chinese majority?
Answer: the Mongols and other ethnicities
Question: What was the Tibetan leader  Choskunskyabs  appointed as? 
Answer: the General of the Ngari Military and Civil Wanhu Office
Question: Who governed most areas of Tibet?
Answer: Ming dynasty's Ü-Tsang Commanding Office
Question: Who was the Director of the History Studies Institute?
Answer: Chen Qingying
Question: How many households were the offices of Qianhu in charge of?
Answer: 1,000 households
Question: How many households were the offices of Wanhu in charge of?
Answer: 10,000 households
Question: Who did the Ming emperors send invitations to?
Answer: ruling lamas
Question: When the lamas received an invite from the emperors, who did they send instead? 
Answer: subordinates
Question: What was the western regions composed of?
Answer: the Tarim Basin and oasis of Turpan
Question: Who believed that they were the true Han Western representatives? 
Answer: foreign officials
Question: What title was given by the Yuan court to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen ?
Answer: Education Minister
Question: What Tibetan title was hardly ever mentioned when referring to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen?
Answer: Degsi
Question: What dynasty kept a Central-local government relation with the Yuan imperial court?
Answer: Phagmodrupa Dynasty
Question: What two people claim the title of Education Minister was often seen next to Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen's name in Tibetan texts?
Answer: Wang and Nyima
Question: Who wrote in their will that they received loving care from the emperor in the east?
Answer: The Tai Situpa
Question: Who divided Central Tibet into districts? 
Answer: Changchub Gyaltsen
Question: Who strongly believed Changchub Gyaltsen wanted to restore the glories of its Imperial age to Tibet?
Answer: Van Praag
Question: What university was Lok-Ham Chan a professor at?
Answer: the University of Washington
Question: What did Lok-Ham Chan claim  Changchub Gyaltsen wanted to remove?
Answer: all traces of Mongol suzerainty
Question: Who did the Hongwu Emperor grant the title Initiation State Master to?
Answer: Sagya Gyaincain
Question: Who suggested to the emperor that an official title be granted to second Phagmodru ruler?
Answer: the Ming officer of Hezhou
Question: Who was the second Phagmodru ruler?
Answer: Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen
Question: Who told the emperor that the situation in Dbus and Gtsang were under control?
Answer: the Ming officer of Hezhou
Question: Where were the envoys sent?
Answer: to the Ming court
Question: What year did the Phagmodrupa lose their power over Tibet?
Answer: 1434
Question: What year did the 5th Dalai lama start to dominate over Tibet?
Answer: 1642
Question: What did the other families fail to establish?
Answer: hegemonies
Question: The Ming Dynasty granted what titles to lamas of schools?
Answer: the Karmapa Kargyu
Question: Who did the Ming Dynasty decline titles from after receiving invitations?
Answer: Mongol
Question: Who was the founder of the Gelug school?
Answer: Je Tsongkhapa
Question: Who invited Je Tsongkhapa to come pay tribute?
Answer: the Ming Yongle Emperor
Question: Who wrote the letter declining the Emperor's invitation?
Answer: Tsongkhapa
Question: When did the Ming first request Tsongkhapa to come to court?
Answer: 1407
Question: When did the Ming court send a second request to Tsongkhapa?
Answer: 1413
Question: Who did Tsongkhapa send in his place to Nanjing?
Answer: his disciple Chosrje Shākya Yeshes
Question: When was Chosrje Shākya Yeshes sent to Nanjing?
Answer: 1414
Question: Who believed the Ming reappointed old Yuan dynasty officials in Tibet?
Answer: Dawa Norbu
Question: What didn't the Ming send to replace the Mongols when they left Tibet?
Answer: an army
Question: What does Yiu Yung-chin claim the Ming did not possess?
Answer: Tibet
Question: What was the name of the  eunuch?
Answer: Yang Sanbao
Question: Where did the Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao?
Answer: Tibet
Question: When did Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao into Tibet?
Answer: 1413
Question: Why did Yongle Emperor send Yang Sanbao into Tibet?
Answer: the allegiance of various Tibetan princes
Question: Why did the emperor pay a small fortune in gifts?
Answer: to maintain the loyalty of neighboring vassal states
Question: Until what year frame did the Gelug exchange gifts with the the Ming?
Answer: 1430s
Question: What was the Gelug not mentioned in?
Answer: the Mingshi or the Mingshi Lu
Question: Regardless of their sectarian affiliations, who did the Ming grant titles to?
Answer: various lamas
Question: Who was the viceregal Sakya regime overthrown by?
Answer: the Phagmodru myriarchy
Question: Who believed that the Ming had no real authority over Tibet?
Answer: Melvyn C. Goldstein
Question: What years did the Rinpungpa regime start and end?
Answer: 1435–1565
Question: Who believed that the titles given to Tibetan leaders did not confer authority?
Answer: Melvyn C. Goldstein
Question: What years did the Tsangpa start and end?
Answer: 1565–1642
Question: What year did the Jianwen Emperor reign start and end?
Answer: 1398–1402
Question: Who aided the Yongle Emperor?
Answer: the Buddhist monk Yao Guangxiao
Question: Who was Yongle Emperor's father?
Answer: the Hongwu Emperor
Question: When did the Yongle Emperor invite Deshin Shekpa to his court?
Answer: March 10, 1403
Question: Who did the Yongle Emperor send to Tibet?
Answer: Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang
Question: Why did the Yongle Emperor send Hou Xian and Zhi Guang to Tibet?
Answer: to seek out the Karmapa
Question: When did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to Nanjing?
Answer: 1407
Question: Where did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang travel through on their way to the Karmapa?
Answer: through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan
Question: Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the Karmapa?
Answer: Nanjing
Question: Who did the Emperor give the place of honor at his left to?
Answer: the Karmapa
Question: Who sat on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric?
Answer: Kublai
Question: Who showed a great amount of respect to Deshin Shekpa?
Answer: the Yongle Emperor
Question: At what temple did the ceremonies for the Yongle Emperor's deceased parents take place?
Answer: Linggu Temple
Question: Where was the Linggu Temple located?
Answer: Nanjing
Question: What title was Deshin Shekpa given at Nanjing?
Answer: Great Treasure Prince of Dharma
Question: Who did Deshin Shekpa persuade the Yongle Emperor to give the title to?
Answer: religious leaders of other Tibetan Buddhist sects
Question: Who imposed on the military might on Tibet in the past? 
Answer: the Mongols
Question: Hok-Lam Chan states that Deshin Skekpa was only invited for what purpose? 
Answer: religious purposes
Question: What was said to be the  Yongle Emperor plans?
Answer: to send a military force into Tibet
Question: Why was the Yongle Emperor said to have been planning to send military forces into Tibet?
Answer: to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over all the Tibetan Buddhist schools
Question: Who convinced the Yongle emperor not to send military forces into Tibet?
Answer: Deshin Shekpa
Question: Who did the Yongle Emperor have a conflict with?
Answer: Jianwen Emperor
Question: Who aided the legitimacy of the Yongle Emperor's rule?
Answer: Deshin Shekpa
Question: What served as a legitimizing tool for the emperor's succession to the throne?
Answer: Deshin Shekpa's miracles
Question: According to Norbu who failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship?
Answer: Chinese Communist historians
Question: What were the items of tribute?
Answer: Buddhist artifacts
Question: Who believe that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet?
Answer: Josef Kolmaš
Question: What years did the Zhengtong Emperor reign?
Answer: 1435–1449
Question: Who maintains an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor?
Answer: The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC
Question: Who was the edict addressed to? 
Answer: the Karmapa
Question: Who had a message delivered to them by Zhengtong?
Answer: Great Treasure Prince of Dharma
Question: When was the edict written?
Answer: after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court
Question: Who did the Ming cut off all relations with?
Answer: the Karmapa hierarchs
Question: What year did the Ming cut off the Karmapa hierarchs?
Answer: 1446
Question: When did  Deshin Shekpa  die?
Answer: 1415
Question: Who did the Ming court think the representatives were sent by?
Answer: the Karmapa
Question: What did Yongle want to trade with Tibet?
Answer: tea, horses, and salt
Question: where did the trade route pass through?
Answer: through Sichuan and crossed Shangri-La County in Yunnan
Question: Why does Van Praag believe the Ming court set up a diplomatic delegation with Tibet?
Answer: to secure urgently needed horses
Question: What shops were catered to the Tibetan market?
Answer: Silk workshops
Question: What visual images and symbols were on furnishings from the silk workshops?
Answer: Tibetan Buddhist
Question: who were the Tibetan areas were ruled by?
Answer: the Ming
Question: Wang and Nyima believed horses were collected from Tibet as what kind of tax?
Answer: a mandatory "corvée" tax
Question: Who was the leader of the Tümed Mongols?
Answer: Altan Khan
Question: Who did Altan Khan overthrow?
Answer: the Oirat Mongol confederation's hegemony
Question: Who did Altan Khan make peace with?
Answer: the Ming dynasty
Question: Who convinced the Ming to reopen their border markets in 1573?
Answer: Altan Khan
Question: When did the Hongwu Emperor use military force in Tibet?
Answer: the 14th century
Question: When was the Marquis Mu Ying commissioned to quell?
Answer: November 1378
Question: How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying capture?
Answer: 30,000
Question: How many animals did Mu Ying capture?
Answer: 200,000
Question: Who was ordered to force a Tibetan assault into Sichuan?
Answer: Ming general Qu Neng
Question: What did the mid Ming dynasty discussion focus mainly on?
Answer: recovery of the Ordos region