en: Despite forceful and often violent efforts of established and reactionary powers to keep them down , disruptive ideas gained popularity : democracy , liberalism , nationalism , and socialism . Despite violent and often violent efforts by established and reactionary powers to keep them down , disruptive ideas gained popularity : democracy , liberalism , nationalism , and socialism .
ms: Walaupun usaha kuat dan sering ganas kuasa-kuasa yang ditubuhkan dan reaksioner untuk mengekalkan mereka, idea-idea mengganggu mendapat populariti: demokrasi, liberalisme, nasionalisme, dan sosialisme. Walaupun usaha ganas dan sering ganas oleh kuasa-kuasa yang ditubuhkan dan reaksioner untuk mengekalkan mereka, idea-idea mengganggu mendapat populariti: demokrasi, liberalisme, nasionalisme, dan sosialisme.