Lauren Bacall Mayo Methot
Who was the spouse of Humphrey Bogart from 1945 to May 1945?
Humphrey Bogart Humphrey DeForest Bogart ( ; December 25 , 1899 – January 14 , 1957 ) , nicknamed Bogey , was an American film and stage actor . His performances in Classical Hollywood cinema films made him an American cultural icon . In 1999 , the American Film Institute selected Bogart as the greatest male star of classic American cinema . Bogart began acting in Broadway shows , beginning his career in motion pictures with Up the River ( 1930 ) for Fox . Bogart appeared in supporting roles for the next decade , sometimes portraying gangsters . Bogart was praised for his work as Duke Mantee in The Petrified Forest ( 1936 ) but remained secondary to other actors Warner Bros . cast in lead roles . His breakthrough from supporting roles to stardom came with High Sierra ( 1941 ) and The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) , considered one of the first great noir films . Bogarts private detectives , Sam Spade ( in The Maltese Falcon ) and Phillip Marlowe ( in 1946s The Big Sleep ) , became the models for detectives in other noir films . His most significant romantic lead role was with Ingrid Bergman in Casablanca ( 1942 ) , which earned him his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . Bogart and 19-year-old Lauren Bacall fell in love when they filmed To Have and Have Not ( 1944 ) ; soon after the main filming for The Big Sleep ( 1946 , their second film together ) , he filed for divorce from his third wife and married Bacall . After their marriage , she played his love interest in Dark Passage ( 1947 ) and Key Largo ( 1948 ) . Bogarts performances in The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ( 1948 ) and In a Lonely Place ( 1950 ) are now considered among his best , although they were not recognized as such when the films were released . He reprised those unsettled , unstable characters as a World War II naval-vessel commander in The Caine Mutiny ( 1954 ) , which was a critical and commercial hit and earned him another Best Actor nomination . For his role as a cantankerous river steam launch skipper with Katharine Hepburns missionary in the World War I adventure The African Queen ( 1951 ) , Bogart received the Academy Award for Best Actor . In his later years , significant roles included The Barefoot Contessa with Ava Gardner and his on-screen competition with William Holden for Audrey Hepburn in Sabrina ( 1954 ) . A heavy smoker and drinker , Bogart died from esophageal cancer in January 1957 . Early life and education . Humphrey DeForest Bogart was born on Christmas Day 1899 in New York City , the eldest child of Belmont DeForest Bogart ( 1867–1934 ) and Maud Humphrey ( 1868–1940 ) . Belmont was the only child of the unhappy marriage of Adam Welty Bogart ( a Canandaigua , New York , innkeeper ) and Julia Augusta Stiles , a wealthy heiress . The name Bogart derives from the Dutch surname , Bogaert . Belmont and Maud married in June 1898 . He was a Presbyterian , of English and Dutch descent , and a descendant of Sarah Rapelje ( the first European child born in New Netherland ) . Maud was an Episcopalian of English heritage , and a descendant of Mayflower passenger John Howland . Humphrey was raised Episcopalian , but was non-practicing for most of his adult life . The date of Bogarts birth has been disputed . Clifford McCarty wrote that Warner Bros . publicity department had altered it to January 23 , 1900 to foster the view that a man born on Christmas Day couldnt really be as villainous as he appeared to be on screen . The corrected January birthdate subsequently appeared—and in some cases , remains—in many otherwise-authoritative sources . According to biographers Ann M . Sperber and Eric Lax , Bogart always celebrated his birthday on December 25 and listed it on official records ( including his marriage license ) . Lauren Bacall wrote in her autobiography that Bogarts birthday was always celebrated on Christmas Day , saying that he joked about being cheated out of a present every year . Sperber and Lax noted that a birth announcement in the Ontario County Times of January 10 , 1900 rules out the possibility of a January 23 birthdate ; state and federal census records from 1900 also report a Christmas 1899 birthdate . Belmont , Bogarts father , was a cardiopulmonary surgeon . Maud was a commercial illustrator who received her art training in New York and France , including study with James Abbott McNeill Whistler . She later became art director of the fashion magazine The Delineator and a militant suffragette . Maud used a drawing of baby Humphrey in an advertising campaign for Mellins Baby Food . She earned over $50,000 a year at the peak of her career – a very large sum of money at the time , and considerably more than her husbands $20,000 . The Bogarts lived in an Upper West Side apartment , and had a cottage on a 55-acre estate on Canandaigua Lake in upstate New York . When he was young , Bogarts group of friends at the lake would put on plays . He had two younger sisters : Frances ( Pat ) and Catherine Elizabeth ( Kay ) . Bogarts parents were busy in their careers , and frequently fought . Very formal , they showed little emotion towards their children . Maud told her offspring to call her Maud instead of Mother , and showed little ( if any ) physical affection for them . When she was pleased , she [ c ] lapped you on the shoulder , almost the way a man does , Bogart recalled . I was brought up very unsentimentally but very straightforwardly . A kiss , in our family , was an event . Our mother and father didnt glug over my two sisters and me . Bogart was teased as a boy for his curls , tidiness , the cute pictures his mother had him pose for , the Little Lord Fauntleroy clothes in which she dressed him , and for his first name . He inherited a tendency to needle , a fondness for fishing , a lifelong love of boating , and an attraction to strong-willed women from his father . Bogart attended the private Delancey School until the fifth grade , and then attended the prestigious Trinity School . He was an indifferent , sullen student who showed no interest in after-school activities . Bogart later attended Phillips Academy , a boarding school to which he was admitted based on family connections . Although his parents hoped that he would go on to Yale University , in 1918 Bogart left Phillips . Several reasons have been given ; according to one , he was expelled for throwing the headmaster ( or a groundskeeper ) into Rabbit Pond on campus . Another cited smoking , drinking , poor academic performance , and ( possibly ) inappropriate comments made to the staff . In a third scenario , Bogart was withdrawn by his father for failing to improve his grades . His parents were deeply disappointed in their failed plans for his future . Navy . With no viable career options , Bogart enlisted in the United States Navy in the spring of 1918 ( during World War I ) , and served as a coxswain . He recalled later , At eighteen , war was great stuff . Paris ! Sexy French girls ! Hot damn ! Bogart was recorded as a model sailor , who spent most of his sea time after the armistice ferrying troops back from Europe . Bogart left the service at the rank of Seaman Second Class . During the Second World War , Bogart attempted to reenlist in the Navy but was rejected due to his age . He then volunteered for the Coast Guard Temporary Reserve in 1944 , patrolling the California coastline in his yacht , the Santana . He may have received his trademark scar and developed his characteristic lisp during his naval stint . There are several conflicting stories . In one , his lip was cut by shrapnel when his ship ( the ) was shelled . The ship was never shelled , however , and Bogart may not have been at sea before the armistice . Another story , held by longtime friend Nathaniel Benchley , was that Bogart was injured while taking a prisoner to Portsmouth Naval Prison in Kittery , Maine . While changing trains in Boston , the handcuffed prisoner reportedly asked Bogart for a cigarette . When Bogart looked for a match , the prisoner smashed him across the mouth with the cuffs ( cutting Bogarts lip ) and fled before he was recaptured and imprisoned . In an alternative version , Bogart was struck in the mouth by a handcuff loosened while freeing his charge ; the other handcuff was still around the prisoners wrist . By the time Bogart was treated by a doctor , a scar had formed . David Niven said that when he first asked Bogart about his scar , however , he said that it was caused by a childhood accident . Goddamn doctor , Bogart later told Niven . Instead of stitching it up , he screwed it up . According to Niven , the stories that Bogart got the scar during wartime were made up by the studios . His post-service physical did not mention the lip scar , although it noted many smaller scars . When actress Louise Brooks met Bogart in 1924 , he had scar tissue on his upper lip which Brooks said Bogart may have had partially repaired before entering the film industry in 1930 . Brooks said that his lip wound gave him no speech impediment , either before or after it was mended . Acting . First performances . Bogart returned home to find his father in poor health , his medical practice faltering , and much of the familys wealth lost in bad timber investments . His character and values developed separately from his family during his navy days , and he began to rebel . Bogart became a liberal who disliked pretension , phonies and snobs , sometimes defying conventional behavior and authority ; he was also well-mannered , articulate , punctual , self-effacing and standoffish . After his naval service , he worked as a shipper and a bond salesman , joining the Coast Guard Reserve . Bogart resumed his friendship with Bill Brady Jr . ( whose father had show-business connections ) , and obtained an office job with William A . Bradys new World Films company . Although he wanted to try his hand at screenwriting , directing , and production , he excelled at none . Bogart was stage manager for Bradys daughter Alices play A Ruined Lady . He made his stage debut a few months later as a Japanese butler in Alices 1921 play Drifting ( nervously delivering one line of dialogue ) , and appeared in several of her subsequent plays . Although Bogart had been raised to believe that acting was a lowly profession , he liked the late hours actors kept and the attention they received : I was born to be indolent and this was the softest of rackets . He spent much of his free time in speakeasies , drinking heavily . A barroom brawl at this time was also a purported cause of Bogarts lip damage , dovetailing with Louise Brooks account . Preferring to learn by doing , he never took acting lessons . Bogart was persistent and worked steadily at his craft , appearing in at least 17 Broadway productions between 1922 and 1935 . He played juveniles or romantic supporting roles in drawing-room comedies and is reportedly the first actor to say , Tennis , anyone ? on stage . According to Alexander Woollcott , Bogart is what is usually and mercifully described as inadequate . Other critics were kinder . Heywood Broun , reviewing Nerves , wrote : Humphrey Bogart gives the most effective performance .. . both dry and fresh , if that be possible . He played a juvenile lead ( reporter Gregory Brown ) in Lynn Starlings comedy Meet the Wife , which had a successful 232-performance run at the Klaw Theatre from November 1923 through July 1924 . Bogart disliked his trivial , effeminate early-career parts , calling them White Pants Willie roles . While playing a double role in Drifting at the Playhouse Theatre in 1922 , he met actress Helen Menken ; they were married on May 20 , 1926 , at the Gramercy Park Hotel in New York City . Divorced on November 18 , 1927 , they remained friends . Menken said in her divorce filing that Bogart valued his career more than marriage , citing neglect and abuse . He married actress Mary Philips on April 3 , 1928 , at her mothers apartment in Hartford , Connecticut ; Bogart and Philips had worked together in the play Nerves during its brief run at the Comedy Theatre in 1924 . Theatrical production dropped off sharply after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 , and many of the more-photogenic actors headed for Hollywood . Bogart debuted on film with Helen Hayes in the 1928 two-reeler , The Dancing Town , a complete copy of which has not been found . He also appeared with Joan Blondell and Ruth Etting in a Vitaphone short , Broadways Like That ( 1930 ) , which was rediscovered in 1963 . Broadway to Hollywood . Bogart signed a contract with the Fox Film Corporation for $750 a week . There he met Spencer Tracy , a Broadway actor whom Bogart liked and admired , and they became close friends and drinking companions . In 1930 , Tracy first called him Bogie . He made his film debut in his only film with Bogart , John Fords early sound film Up the River ( 1930 ) , in which they had major roles as inmates . Tracy received top billing , but Bogart appeared on the films posters . He was billed fourth behind Tracy , Claire Luce and Warren Hymer but his role was almost as large as Tracys and much larger than Luces or Hymers . Despite being close friends , Up the River turned out to be Humphrey Bogarts only film with Spencer Tracy . A quarter of a century later , Tracy and Bogart planned to make The Desperate Hours together . Both insisted upon top billing , however ; Tracy dropped out , and was replaced by Fredric March . Bogart then had a supporting role in Bad Sister ( 1931 ) with Bette Davis . Bogart shuttled back and forth between Hollywood and the New York stage from 1930 to 1935 , out of work for long periods . His parents had separated ; his father died in 1934 in debt , which Bogart eventually paid off . He inherited his fathers gold ring , which he wore in many of his films . At his fathers deathbed , Bogart finally told him how much he loved him . Bogarts second marriage was rocky ; dissatisfied with his acting career , depressed and irritable , he drank heavily . In Hollywood permanently : The Petrified Forest . In 1934 , Bogart starred in the Broadway play Invitation to a Murder at the Theatre Masque ( renamed the John Golden Theatre in 1937 ) . Its producer , Arthur Hopkins , heard the play from offstage ; he sent for Bogart and offered him the role of escaped murderer Duke Mantee in Robert E . Sherwoods forthcoming play , The Petrified Forest . Hopkins later recalled : The play had 197 performances at the Broadhurst Theatre in New York in 1935 . Although Leslie Howard was the star , The New York Times critic Brooks Atkinson said that the play was a peach .. . a roaring Western melodrama .. . Humphrey Bogart does the best work of his career as an actor . Bogart said that the play marked my deliverance from the ranks of the sleek , sybaritic , stiff-shirted , swallow-tailed smoothies to which I seemed condemned to life . However , he still felt insecure . Warner Bros . bought the screen rights to The Petrified Forest in 1935 . The play seemed ideal for the studio , which was known for its socially-realistic pictures for a public entranced by real-life criminals such as John Dillinger and Dutch Schultz . Bette Davis and Leslie Howard were cast . Howard , who held the production rights , made it clear that he wanted Bogart to star with him . The studio tested several Hollywood veterans for the Duke Mantee role and chose Edward G . Robinson , who had star appeal and was due to make a film to fulfill his contract . Bogart cabled news of this development to Howard in Scotland , who replied : Att : Jack Warner Insist Bogart Play Mantee No Bogart No Deal L.H. . When Warner Bros . saw that Howard would not budge , they gave in and cast Bogart . Jack Warner wanted Bogart to use a stage name , but Bogart declined having built a reputation with his name in Broadway theater . The film version of The Petrified Forest was released in 1936 . According to Variety , Bogarts menace leaves nothing wanting . Frank S . Nugent wrote for The New York Times that the actor can be a psychopathic gangster more like Dillinger than the outlaw himself . The film was successful at the box office , earning $500,000 in rentals , and made Bogart a star . He never forgot Howards favor and named his only daughter , Leslie Howard Bogart , after him in 1952 . Supporting gangster and villain roles . Despite his success in The Petrified Forest ( an A movie ) , Bogart signed a tepid 26-week contract at $550 per week and was typecast as a gangster in a series of B movie crime dramas . Although he was proud of his success , the fact that it derived from gangster roles weighed on him : I cant get in a mild discussion without turning it into an argument . There must be something in my tone of voice , or this arrogant face—something that antagonizes everybody . Nobody likes me on sight . I suppose thats why Im cast as the heavy . In spite of his success , Warner Bros . had no interest in raising Bogarts profile . His roles were repetitive and physically demanding ; studios were not yet air-conditioned , and his tightly-scheduled job at Warners was anything but the indolent and peachy actors life he hoped for . Although Bogart disliked the roles chosen for him , he worked steadily . In the first 34 pictures for Warners , he told George Frazier , I was shot in 12 , electrocuted or hanged in 8 , and was a jailbird in 9 . He averaged a film every two months between 1936 and 1940 , sometimes working on two films at the same time . Bogart used these years to begin developing his film persona : a wounded , stoical , cynical , charming , vulnerable , self-mocking loner with a code of honor . Amenities at Warners were few , compared to the prestigious Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . Bogart thought that the Warners wardrobe department was cheap , and often wore his own suits in his films ; he used his dog , Zero , to play Pard ( his characters dog ) in High Sierra . His disputes with Warner Bros . over roles and money were similar to those waged by the studio with more established and less malleable stars such as Bette Davis and James Cagney . Leading men at Warner Bros . included James Cagney and Edward G . Robinson . Most of the studios better scripts went to them ( or others ) , leaving Bogart with what was left : films like San Quentin ( 1937 ) , Racket Busters ( 1938 ) , and You Cant Get Away with Murder ( 1939 ) . His only leading role during this period was in Dead End ( 1937 , on loan to Samuel Goldwyn ) , as a gangster modeled after Baby Face Nelson . Bogart played violent roles so often that in Nevil Shutes 1939 novel , What Happened to the Corbetts , the protagonist replies Ive seen Humphrey Bogart with one often enough when asked if he knows how to operate an automatic weapon . Although he played a variety of supporting roles in films such as Angels with Dirty Faces ( 1938 ) , Bogarts roles were either rivals of characters played by Cagney and Robinson or a secondary member of their gang . In Black Legion ( 1937 ) , a movie Graham Greene described as intelligent and exciting , if rather earnest , he played a good man who was caught up with ( and destroyed by ) a racist organization . The studio cast Bogart as a wrestling promoter in Swing Your Lady ( 1938 ) , a hillbilly musical which he reportedly considered his worst film performance . He played a rejuvenated , formerly-dead scientist in The Return of Doctor X ( 1939 ) , his only horror film : If itd been Jack Warners blood .. . I wouldnt have minded so much . The trouble was they were drinking mine and I was making this stinking movie . His wife , Mary , had a stage hit in A Touch of Brimstone and refused to abandon her Broadway career for Hollywood . After the play closed , Mary relented ; she insisted on continuing her career , however , and they divorced in 1937 . On August 21 , 1938 , Bogart entered a turbulent third marriage to actress Mayo Methot , a lively , friendly woman when sober but paranoid and aggressive when drunk . She became convinced that Bogart was unfaithful to her ( which he eventually was , with Lauren Bacall , while filming To Have and Have Not in 1944 ) . They drifted apart ; Methots drinking increased , and she threw plants , crockery and other objects at Bogart . She set their house afire , stabbed him with a knife , and slashed her wrists several times . Bogart needled her ; apparently enjoying confrontation , he was sometimes violent as well . The press called them the Battling Bogarts . According to their friend , Julius Epstein , The Bogart-Methot marriage was the sequel to the Civil War . Bogart bought a motor launch which he named Sluggy , his nickname for Methot : I like a jealous wife . . We get on so well together ( because ) we dont have illusions about each other .. . I wouldnt give you two cents for a dame without a temper . Louise Brooks said that except for Leslie Howard , no one contributed as much to Humphreys success as his third wife , Mayo Methot . Methots influence was increasingly destructive , however , and Bogart also continued to drink . He had a lifelong disdain for pretension and phoniness , and was again irritated by his inferior films . Bogart rarely watched his own films and avoided premieres , issuing fake press releases about his private life to satisfy journalistic and public curiosity . When he thought an actor , director or studio had done something shoddy , he spoke up publicly about it . Bogart advised Robert Mitchum that the only way to stay alive in Hollywood was to be an againster . He was not the most popular of actors , and some in the Hollywood community shunned him privately to avoid trouble with the studios . Bogart once said , The Hollywood press , unaccustomed to such candor , was delighted . Early stardom . High Sierra . High Sierra ( 1941 , directed by Raoul Walsh ) was written by John Huston , Bogarts friend and drinking partner . The film was adapted from a novel by W . R . Burnett , author of the novel on which Little Caesar was based . Paul Muni , George Raft , Cagney and Robinson turned down the lead role , giving Bogart the opportunity to play a character with some depth . Walsh initially opposed Bogarts casting , preferring Raft for the part . It was Bogarts last major film as a gangster ; a supporting role followed in The Big Shot , released in 1942 . He worked well with Ida Lupino , sparking jealousy from Mayo Methot . The film cemented a strong personal and professional connection between Bogart and Huston . Bogart admired ( and somewhat envied ) Huston for his skill as a writer ; a poor student , Bogart was a lifelong reader . He could quote Plato , Pope , Ralph Waldo Emerson and over a thousand lines of Shakespeare , and subscribed to the Harvard Law Review . Bogart admired writers ; some of his best friends were screenwriters , including Louis Bromfield , Nathaniel Benchley , and Nunnally Johnson . He enjoyed intense , provocative conversation ( accompanied by stiff drinks ) , as did Huston . Both were rebellious and enjoyed playing childish pranks . Huston was reportedly easily bored during production and admired Bogart ( also bored easily off-camera ) for his acting talent and his intense concentration on-set . The Maltese Falcon . Now regarded as a classic film noir , The Maltese Falcon ( 1941 ) was John Hustons directorial debut . Based on the Dashiell Hammett novel , it was first serialized in the pulp magazine Black Mask in 1929 and was the basis of two earlier film versions ; the second was Satan Met a Lady ( 1936 ) , starring Bette Davis . Producer Hal B . Wallis initially offered to cast George Raft as the leading man , but Raft ( more established than Bogart ) had a contract stipulating he was not required to appear in remakes . Fearing that it would be nothing more than a sanitized version of the pre-Production Code The Maltese Falcon ( 1931 ) , Raft turned down the role to make Manpower with director Raoul Walsh . Huston then eagerly accepted Bogart as his Sam Spade . Complementing Bogart were co-stars Sydney Greenstreet , Peter Lorre , Elisha Cook Jr. , and Mary Astor as the treacherous female foil . Bogarts sharp timing and facial expressions were praised by the cast and director as vital to the films quick action and rapid-fire dialogue . It was a commercial hit , and a major triumph for Huston . Bogart was unusually happy with the film : It is practically a masterpiece . I dont have many things Im proud of .. . but thats one . Casablanca . Bogart played his first romantic lead in Casablanca ( 1942 ) : Rick Blaine , an expatriate nightclub owner hiding from a suspicious past and negotiating a fine line among Nazis , the French underground , the Vichy prefect and unresolved feelings for his ex-girlfriend . Bosley Crowther wrote in his November 1942 New York Times review that Bogarts character was used to inject a cold point of tough resistance to evil forces afoot in Europe today . The film , directed by Michael Curtiz and produced by Hal Wallis , featured Ingrid Bergman , Claude Rains , Sydney Greenstreet , Paul Henreid , Conrad Veidt , Peter Lorre and Dooley Wilson . Bogart and Bergmans on-screen relationship was based on professionalism rather than actual rapport , although Mayo Methot assumed otherwise . Off the set , the co-stars hardly spoke . Bergman ( who had a reputation for affairs with her leading men ) later said about Bogart , I kissed him but I never knew him . Because she was taller , Bogart had blocks attached to his shoes in some scenes . Bogart is reported to have been responsible for the notion that Rick Blaine should be portrayed as a chess player , a metaphor for the relationships he maintained with friends , enemies , and allies . He played tournament-level chess ( one division below master ) in real life , often enjoying games with crew members and cast but finding his better in Paul Henreid . Casablanca won the Academy Award for Best Picture at the 16th Academy Awards for 1943 . Bogart was nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role , but lost to Paul Lukas for his performance in Watch on the Rhine . The film vaulted Bogart from fourth place to first in the studios roster , however , finally overtaking James Cagney . He more than doubled his annual salary to over $460,000 by 1946 , making him the worlds highest-paid actor . Bogart went on United Service Organizations and War Bond tours with Methot in 1943 and 1944 , making arduous trips to Italy and North Africa ( including Casablanca ) . He was still required to perform in films with weak scripts , leading to conflicts with the front office . He starred in Conflict ( 1945 , again with Greenstreet ) , but turned down God is My Co-Pilot that year . Bogart and Bacall . To Have and Have Not . Howard Hawks introduced Bogart and Lauren Bacall ( 1924–2014 ) while Bogart was filming Passage to Marseille ( 1944 ) . The three subsequently collaborated on To Have and Have Not ( 1944 ) , a loose adaptation of the Ernest Hemingway novel , and Bacalls film debut . It has several similarities to Casablanca : the same kind of hero and enemies , and a piano player as a supporting character . When they met , Bacall was 19 and Bogart 44 ; he nicknamed her Baby . A model since age 16 , she had appeared in two failed plays . Bogart was attracted by Bacalls high cheekbones , green eyes , tawny blond hair , lean body , maturity , poise and earthy , outspoken honesty ; he reportedly said , I just saw your test . Well have a lot of fun together . Their emotional bond was strong from the start , their difference in age and acting-experience encouraged a mentor-student dynamic . In contrast to the Hollywood norm , their affair was Bogarts first with a leading lady . His early meetings with Bacall were discreet and brief , their separations bridged by love letters . The relationship made it easier for Bacall to make her first film , and Bogart did his best to put her at ease with jokes and quiet coaching . He encouraged her to steal scenes ; Howard Hawks also did his best to highlight her role , and found Bogart easy to direct . However , Hawks began to disapprove of the relationship . He considered himself Bacalls protector and mentor , and Bogart was usurping that role . Not usually drawn to his starlets , the married director also fell for Bacall ; he told her that she meant nothing to Bogart and threatened to send her to the poverty-row studio Monogram Pictures . Bogart calmed her down , and then went after Hawks ; Jack Warner settled the dispute , and filming resumed . Hawks said about Bacall , Bogie fell in love with the character she played , so she had to keep playing it the rest of her life . The Big Sleep . Months after wrapping To Have and Have Not , Bogart and Bacall were reunited for an encore : the film noir The Big Sleep ( 1946 ) , based on the novel by Raymond Chandler with script help from William Faulkner . Chandler admired the actors performance : Bogart can be tough without a gun . Also , he has a sense of humor that contains that grating undertone of contempt . Although the film was completed and scheduled for release in 1945 , it was withdrawn and re-edited to add scenes exploiting Bogart and Bacalls box-office chemistry in To Have and Have Not and the publicity surrounding their offscreen relationship . At director Howard Hawks urging , production partner Charles K . Feldman agreed to a rewrite of Bacalls scenes to heighten the insolent quality which had intrigued critics such as James Agee and audiences of the earlier film , and a memo was sent to studio head Jack Warner . The dialogue , especially in the added scenes supplied by Hawks , was full of sexual innuendo , and Bogart is convincing as private detective Philip Marlowe . The film was successful , although some critics found its plot confusing and overly complicated . According to Chandler , Hawks and Bogart argued about who killed the chauffeur ; when Chandler received an inquiry by telegram , he could not provide an answer . Marriage . Bogart filed for divorce from Methot in February 1945 . He and Bacall married in a small ceremony at the country home of Bogarts close friend , Pulitzer Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield , at Malabar Farm ( near Lucas , Ohio ) on May 21 , 1945 . They moved into a $160,000 ( $ in ) white brick mansion in an exclusive neighborhood of Los Angeless Holmby Hills . The marriage was a happy one , with tensions due to their differences . Bogarts drinking was sometimes problematic . He was a homebody , and Bacall liked the nightlife ; he loved the sea , which made her seasick . Bogart bought the Santana , a sailing yacht , from actor Dick Powell in 1945 . He found the sea a sanctuary and spent about thirty weekends a year on the water , with a particular fondness for sailing around Catalina Island : An actor needs something to stabilize his personality , something to nail down what he really is , not what he is currently pretending to be . Bogart joined the Coast Guard Temporary Reserve , offering the Coast Guard use of the Santana . He reportedly attempted to enlist , but was turned down due to his age . Dark Passage and Key Largo . The suspenseful Dark Passage ( 1947 ) was Bogart and Bacalls next collaboration . Vincent Parry ( Bogart ) is intent on finding the real murderer for a crime of which he was convicted and sentenced to prison . According to Bogarts biographer , Stefan Kanfer , it was a production line film noir with no particular distinction . Bogart and Bacalls last pairing in a film was in Key Largo ( 1948 ) . Directed by John Huston , Edward G . Robinson was billed second ( behind Bogart ) as gangster Johnny Rocco : a seething , older synthesis of many of his early bad-guy roles . The characters are trapped during a hurricane in a hotel owned by Bacalls father-in-law , played by Lionel Barrymore . Claire Trevor won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Roccos physically abused , alcoholic girlfriend . Later career . The Treasure of the Sierra Madre . Riding high in 1947 with a new contract which provided limited script refusal and the right to form his production company , Bogart rejoined with John Huston for The Treasure of the Sierra Madre : a stark tale of greed among three gold prospectors in Mexico . Lacking a love interest or a happy ending , it was considered a risky project . Bogart later said about co-star ( and John Hustons father ) Walter Huston , Hes probably the only performer in Hollywood to whom Id gladly lose a scene . The film was shot in the heat of summer for greater realism and atmosphere and was grueling to make . James Agee wrote , Bogart does a wonderful job with this character .. . miles ahead of the very good work he has done before . Although John Huston won the Academy Award for Best Director and screenplay and his father won the Best Supporting Actor award , the film had mediocre box-office results . Bogart complained , An intelligent script , beautifully directed—something different—and the public turned a cold shoulder on it . House Un-American Activities Committee . Bogart , a liberal Democrat , organized the Committee for the First Amendment ( a delegation to Washington , D.C. ) opposing what he saw as the House Un-American Activities Committees harassment of Hollywood screenwriters and actors . He wrote an article , Im No Communist , for the March 1948 issue of Photoplay magazine distancing himself from the Hollywood Ten to counter negative publicity resulting from his appearance . Bogart wrote , The ten men cited for contempt by the House Un-American Activities Committee were not defended by us . Santana Productions . Bogart created his film company , Santana Productions ( named after his yacht and the cabin cruiser in Key Largo ) , in 1948 . The right to create his own company had left Jack Warner furious , fearful that other stars would do the same and further erode the major studios power . In addition to pressure from freelancing actors such as Bogart , James Stewart , and Henry Fonda , they were beginning to buckle from the impact of television and the enforcement of antitrust laws which broke up theater chains . Bogart appeared in his final films for Warners , Chain Lightning ( 1950 ) and The Enforcer ( 1951 ) . Except for Beat the Devil ( 1953 ) , originally distributed in the United States by United Artists , the company released its films through Columbia Pictures ; Columbia re-released Beat the Devil a decade later . In quick succession , Bogart starred in Knock on Any Door ( 1949 ) , Tokyo Joe ( 1949 ) , In a Lonely Place ( 1950 ) , and Sirocco ( 1951 ) . Santana also made two films without him : And Baby Makes Three ( 1949 ) and The Family Secret ( 1951 ) . Although most lost money at the box office ( ultimately forcing Santanas sale ) , at least two retain a reputation ; In a Lonely Place is considered a film-noir high point . Bogart plays Dixon Steele , an embittered writer with a violent reputation who is the primary suspect in the murder of a young woman and falls in love with failed actress Laurel Gray ( Gloria Grahame ) . Several Bogart biographers , and actress-writer Louise Brooks , have felt that this role is closest to the real Bogart . According to Brooks , the film gave him a role that he could play with complexity , because the film characters pride in his art , his selfishness , drunkenness , lack of energy stabbed with lightning strokes of violence were shared by the real Bogart . The character mimics some of Bogarts personal habits , twice ordering the actors favorite meal ( ham and eggs ) . A parody of sorts of The Maltese Falcon , Beat the Devil was the final film for Bogart and John Huston . Co-written by Truman Capote , the eccentrically-filmed story follows an amoral group of rogues chasing an unattainable treasure . Bogart sold his interest in Santana to Columbia for over $1 million in 1955 . The African Queen . Outside Santana Productions , Bogart starred with Katharine Hepburn in the John Huston-directed The African Queen in 1951 . The C . S . Forester novel on which it was based was overlooked and left undeveloped for 15 years until producer Sam Spiegel and Huston bought the rights . Spiegel sent Katharine Hepburn the book ; she suggested Bogart for the male lead , believing that he was the only man who could have played that part . Hustons love of adventure , his deep , longstanding friendship ( and success ) with Bogart , and the chance to work with Hepburn convinced the actor to leave Hollywood for a difficult shoot on location in the Belgian Congo . Bogart was to get 30 percent of the profits and Hepburn 10 percent , plus a relatively small salary for both . The stars met in London and announced that they would work together . Bacall came for the over-four-month duration , leaving their young son in Los Angeles . The Bogarts began the trip with a junket through Europe , including a visit with Pope Pius XII . Bacall later made herself useful as a cook , nurse and clothes washer ; her husband said : I dont know what wed have done without her . She Luxed my undies in darkest Africa . Nearly everyone in the cast developed dysentery except Bogart and Huston , who subsisted on canned food and alcohol ; Bogart said , All I ate was baked beans , canned asparagus and Scotch whisky . Whenever a fly bit Huston or me , it dropped dead . Hepburn ( a teetotaler ) fared worse in the difficult conditions , losing weight and at one point becoming very ill . Bogart resisted Hustons insistence on using real leeches in a key scene where Charlie has to drag his steam launch through an infested marsh , and reasonable fakes were employed . The crew overcame illness , army-ant infestations , leaky boats , poor food , attacking hippos , poor water filters , extreme heat , isolation , and a boat fire to complete the film . Despite the discomfort of jumping from the boat into swamps , rivers and marshes , The African Queen apparently rekindled Bogarts early love of boats ; when he returned to California , he bought a classic mahogany Hacker-Craft runabout which he kept until his death . His performance as cantankerous skipper Charlie Allnutt earned Bogart an Academy Award for Best Actor in 1951 ( his only award of three nominations ) , and he considered it the best of his film career . Promising friends that if he won his speech would break the convention of thanking everyone in sight , Bogart advised Claire Trevor when she was nominated for Key Largo to just say you did it all yourself and dont thank anyone . When Bogart won , however , he said : Its a long way from the Belgian Congo to the stage of this theatre . Its nicer to be here . Thank you very much .. . No one does it alone . As in tennis , you need a good opponent or partner to bring out the best in you . John and Katie helped me to be where I am now . Despite the award and its accompanying recognition , Bogart later said : The way to survive an Oscar is never to try to win another one .. . too many stars .. . win it and then figure they have to top themselves .. . they become afraid to take chances . The result : A lot of dull performances in dull pictures . The African Queen was Bogarts first starring Technicolor role . The Caine Mutiny . Bogart dropped his asking price to obtain the role of Captain Queeg in Edward Dmytryks drama , The Caine Mutiny ( 1954 ) . Though he retained some of his old bitterness about having to do so , he delivered a strong performance in the lead ; he received his final Oscar nomination and was the subject of a June 7 , 1954 Time magazine cover story . Despite his success , Bogart was still melancholy ; he grumbled to ( and feuded with ) the studio , while his health began to deteriorate . The character of Queeg was similar to his roles in The Maltese Falcon , Casablanca and The Big Sleep–the wary loner who trusts no one—but without their warmth and humor . Like his portrayal of Fred C . Dobbs in The Treasure of the Sierra Madre , Bogarts Queeg is a paranoid , self-pitying character whose small-mindedness eventually destroys him . Henry Fonda played a different role in the Broadway version of The Caine Mutiny , generating publicity for the film . Final roles . For Sabrina ( 1954 ) , Billy Wilder wanted Cary Grant for the older male lead and chose Bogart to play the conservative brother who competes with his younger , playboy sibling ( William Holden ) for the affection of the Cinderella-like Sabrina ( Audrey Hepburn ) . Although Bogart was lukewarm about the part , he agreed to it on a handshake with Wilder without a finished script but with the directors assurance that he would take good care of Bogart during filming . The actor , however , got along poorly with his director and co-stars ; he complained about the scripts last-minute drafting and delivery , and accused Wilder of favoring Hepburn and Holden on and off the set . Wilder was the opposite of Bogarts ideal director ( John Huston ) in style and personality ; Bogart complained to the press that Wilder was overbearing and is [ a ] kind of Prussian German with a riding crop . He is the type of director I dont like to work with .. . the picture is a crock of crap . I got sick and tired of who gets Sabrina . Wilder later said , We parted as enemies but finally made up . Despite the acrimony , the film was successful ; according to a review in The New York Times , Bogart was incredibly adroit .. . the skill with which this old rock-ribbed actor blends the gags and such duplicities with a manly manner of melting is one of the incalculable joys of the show . Joseph L . Mankiewiczs The Barefoot Contessa ( 1954 ) was filmed in Rome . In this Hollywood backstory , Bogart is a broken-down man , a cynical director-narrator who saves his career by making a star of a flamenco dancer modeled on Rita Hayworth . He was uneasy with Ava Gardner in the female lead ; she had just broken up with his Rat Pack buddy Frank Sinatra , and Bogart was annoyed by her inexperienced performance . The actor was generally praised as the films strongest part . During filming and while Bacall was home , Bogart resumed his discreet affair with Verita Bouvaire-Thompson ( his long-time studio assistant , whom he drank with and took sailing ) . When Bacall found them together , she extracted an expensive shopping spree from her husband ; the three traveled together after the shooting . Bogart could be generous with actors , particularly those who were blacklisted , down on their luck or having personal problems . During the filming of the Edward Dmytryk-directed The Left Hand of God ( 1955 ) , he noticed his co-star Gene Tierney having a hard time remembering her lines and behaving oddly ; he coached her , feeding Tierney her lines . Familiar with mental illness because of his sisters bouts of depression , Bogart encouraged Tierney to seek treatment . He also stood behind Joan Bennett and insisted on her as his co-star in Michael Curtizs Were No Angels ( 1955 ) when a scandal made her persona non grata with studio head Jack Warner . Television and radio . Bogart rarely performed on television , but he and Bacall appeared on Edward R . Murrows Person to Person and disagreed on the answer to every question . He also appeared on The Jack Benny Show , where a surviving kinescope of the live telecast captures him in his only TV sketch-comedy performance ( October 25 , 1953 ) . Bogart and Bacall worked on an early color telecast in 1955 , an NBC adaptation of The Petrified Forest for Producers Showcase . Bogart received top billing , and Henry Fonda played Leslie Howards role ; a black and white kinescope of the live telecast has survived . Bogart performed radio adaptations of some of his best-known films , such as Casablanca and The Maltese Falcon , and recorded a radio series entitled Bold Venture with Bacall . Personal life . Children . Bogart became a father at age 49 , when Bacall gave birth to Stephen Humphrey Bogart on January 6 , 1949 , during the filming of Tokyo Joe . The name was taken from Steve , Bogarts characters nickname in To Have and Have Not . Stephen became an author and biographer and hosted a television special about his father on Turner Classic Movies . The couples daughter , Leslie Howard Bogart , was born on August 23 , 1952 . Her first and middle names honor Leslie Howard , Bogarts friend and co-star in The Petrified Forest . Rat Pack . Bogart was a founding member and the original leader of the Hollywood Rat Pack . In the spring of 1955 , after a long party in Las Vegas attended by Frank Sinatra , Judy Garland , her husband Sidney Luft , Michael Romanoff and his wife Gloria , David Niven , Angie Dickinson and others , Bacall surveyed the wreckage and said : You look like a goddamn rat pack . The name stuck and was made official at Romanoffs in Beverly Hills . Sinatra was dubbed Pack Leader ; Bacall Den Mother ; Bogart Director of Public Relations , and Sid Luft Acting Cage Manager . Asked by columnist Earl Wilson what the groups purpose was , Bacall replied : To drink a lot of bourbon and stay up late . Illness and death . After signing a long-term deal with Warner Bros. , Bogart predicted with glee that his teeth and hair would fall out before the contract ended . In 1955 , however , his health was failing . In the wake of Santana , Bogart had formed a new company and had plans for a film ( Melville Goodwin , U.S.A. ) in which he would play a general and Bacall a press magnate . His persistent cough and difficulty eating became too serious to ignore , though , and he dropped the project . A heavy smoker and drinker , Bogart had developed esophageal cancer . He did not talk about his health and visited a doctor in January 1956 after considerable persuasion from Bacall . The disease worsened several weeks later , and on March 1 Bogart had surgery to remove his esophagus , two lymph nodes and a rib . The surgery was unsuccessful , and chemotherapy followed . He had additional surgery in November 1956 , when the cancer had spread . Although Bogart became too weak to walk up and down stairs , he joked despite the pain : Put me in the dumbwaiter and Ill ride down to the first floor in style . It was then altered to accommodate his wheelchair . Sinatra , Katharine Hepburn , and Spencer Tracy visited Bogart on January 13 , 1957 . In an interview , Hepburn said : Bogart lapsed into a coma and died the following day , 20 days after his 57th birthday ; at the time of his death he weighed only . A simple funeral was held at All Saints Episcopal Church , with music by Bogarts favorite composers : Johann Sebastian Bach and Claude Debussy . In attendance were some of Hollywoods biggest stars , including Hepburn , Tracy , Judy Garland , David Niven , Ronald Reagan , James Mason , Bette Davis , Danny Kaye , Joan Fontaine , Marlene Dietrich , James Cagney , Errol Flynn , Edward G . Robinson , Gregory Peck , Gary Cooper , Billy Wilder and studio head Jack L . Warner . Bacall asked Tracy to give the eulogy ; he was too upset , however , and John Huston spoke instead : Bogart was cremated , and his ashes were interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Parks Columbarium of Eternal Light in its Garden of Memory in Glendale , California . He was buried with a small , gold whistle that had been part of a charm bracelet he had given to Bacall before they married . On it was inscribed , If you want anything , just whistle . This alluded to a scene in To Have and Have Not when Bacalls character says to Bogart shortly after their first meeting , You know how to whistle , dont you , Steve ? You just put your lips together and blow . Bogarts estate had a gross value of $910,146 and a net value of $737,668 ( $ million and $ million , respectively , in ) . Awards and honors . On August 21 , 1946 , he recorded his hand- and footprints in cement in a ceremony at Graumans Chinese Theatre . On February 8 , 1960 , Bogart was posthumously inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame with a motion-picture star at 6322 Hollywood Boulevard . Legacy and tributes . After his death , a Bogie cult formed at the Brattle Theatre in Cambridge , Massachusetts , in Greenwich Village , and in France ; this contributed to his increased popularity during the late 1950s and 1960s . In 1997 , Entertainment Weekly magazine ranked Bogart the number-one movie legend of all time ; two years later , the American Film Institute rated him the greatest male screen legend . Jean-Luc Godards Breathless ( 1960 ) was the first film to pay tribute to Bogart . Over a decade later , in Woody Allens comic paean Play It Again , Sam ( 1972 ) , Bogarts ghost aids Allens character : a film critic having difficulties with women who says that his sex life has turned into the Petrified Forest . The United States Postal Service honored Bogart with a stamp in its Legends of Hollywood series in 1997 , the third figure recognized . At a ceremony attended by Lauren Bacall and the Bogart children , Stephen and Leslie , USPS governing-board chair Tirso del Junco delivered a tribute : Today , we mark another chapter in the Bogart legacy . With an image that is small and yet as powerful as the ones he left in celluloid , we will begin today to bring his artistry , his power , his unique star quality , to the messages that travel the world . On June 24 , 2006 , 103rd Street between Broadway and West End Avenue in New York City was renamed Humphrey Bogart Place . Lauren Bacall and her son , Stephen Bogart , attended the ceremony . Bogie would never have believed it , she said to the assembled city officials and onlookers . In popular culture . Bogart has inspired a number of artists . Two Bugs Bunny cartoons featured the actor : Slick Hare ( 1947 ) and 8 Ball Bunny ( 1950 , based on The Treasure of the Sierra Madre ) . The Man with Bogarts Face ( 1981 , starring Bogart lookalike Robert Sacchi ) was an homage to the actor . The lyrics of Bertie Higgins 1981 song , Key Largo , refer to two of Bogarts films , Key Largo and Casablanca .