Secretary of State of Florida
What position did Katherine Harris take from 1999 to 2002?
Katherine Harris Katherine Harris ( born April 5 , 1957 ) is an American politician , elected in 1998 as Secretary of State of Florida and in 2002 to the United States House of Representatives from Florida . A Republican , Harris won the 2002 election to represent Floridas 13th congressional district , serving for two terms , from 2003 to 2007 . Harris lost her campaign in 2006 for a United States Senate seat from Florida . In 1994 , Harris was noted for the most expensive campaign for the Florida Senate to date , winning her seat that year in her entry into electoral politics . In the 2000 presidential election , Harris gained national attention for her role in the Florida election recount , certifying George W . Bushs narrow victory ( 537 votes ) over Al Gore and awarding him the Florida electors , which gained him the national election . Background and personal life . Harris was born in Key West , Florida , to one of the states wealthiest and most politically influential families . She is the daughter of Harriet ( Griffin ) and George W . Harris , Jr. , who owned Citrus and Chemical Bank in Lakeland , Florida . Her maternal grandfather was Ben Hill Griffin , Jr. , a successful businessman in the citrus and cattle industries and a powerful figure in the state legislature . Shortly before his death in 1990 , he was ranked as the 261st richest American on the Forbes 400 list . Ben Hill Griffin Stadium at the University of Florida is named for him . Harris extended family has been active in Christian evangelism . Her grandfather was a Christian missionary in Africa , while her aunt and uncle were missionaries in India . They now head the Arab World Missions . Harris studied under Dr . Francis Schaeffer at a LAbri Fellowship International center . Harris attended Greystone , an all-girls Christian camp at Asheville , North Carolina . She has said her faith is the most important thing in my life . Harris has criticized the Presbyterian Church ( U.S.A. ) for being too liberal ; she was reared in the more conservative Presbyterian Church in America . She attends Calvary Chapel , a non-denominational charismatic church in Sarasota , Florida . Harris married Swedish businessman Sven Anders Axel Ebbeson in 1996 and has one stepdaughter , Louise . Sven Ebbeson committed suicide in November 2013 . Education and career . Harris graduated from Bartow High School in Bartow , Florida , in 1975 . She attended the University of Madrid in 1978 . Harris received a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from Agnes Scott College in Decatur , Georgia , in 1979 . She studied under Christian theologian Francis Schaeffer at the LAbri community in Huemoz , Switzerland , near Lausanne . While in college she worked as an intern for U.S . Representative Andy Ireland . Before entering politics , Harris worked as a marketing executive at IBM and a vice president of a commercial real estate firm . Harris earned a M.P.A . from Harvard Universitys John F . Kennedy School of Government in 1996 . Political career . Harris ran for the Florida Senate as a Republican in 1994 in one of the most expensive state races in Florida history to that time . Harriss political career was guided by Dan Berger , Adam Goodman , and Benjamin McKay , along with her campaign manager , David Lapides . Florida Senate and Riscorp . Harris played a prominent role in introducing William Griffin ( with whom she had a close personal relationship ) , the CEO of Riscorp , to various Florida legislators . In the 1994 state senate election , Sarasota-based Riscorp , Inc . made illegal contributions totaling $400,000 to dozens of political candidates and committees , including $20,600 to the Harris campaign . Two years later , in 1996 , Harris sponsored a bill to block Riscorp competitors from getting a greater share of Florida workers compensation market , [ and ] also pushed a proposal that would hurt a particular competitor . This issue later emerged during her campaign for Florida Secretary of State in 1998 . William Griffin eventually pleaded guilty to illegal campaign donations , among allegations of other serious wrongdoing at Riscorp , and served prison time in 1998 . The election of Republican Jeb Bush as governor of Florida is considered to have been a major factor in stopping further state investigation into the Riscorp scandal . According to a Sun-Herald column from June 2005 , Harris denied any knowledge of the scheme , was never charged with any crime and was cleared of wrongdoing by a state investigator . Secretary of State . Harris was elected Florida Secretary of State in 1998 . She defeated then-incumbent Sandra Mortham in the Republican primary and won the general election against Democratic candidate , Karen Gievers , an attorney from Miami . A state constitutional change passed in the same year making the Secretary of State an appointed office made Harris the last person to be elected Secretary of State in Florida . Harris abruptly resigned in August 2002 while campaigning for Congress when it was discovered that she had violated Floridas resign to run , which stated ...No officer may qualify as a candidate for another public office , whether state , district , county or municipal , if the terms or any part thereof run concurrently with each other , without resigning from the office he or she presently holds . Since the start of her Congressional term ( January 3 , 2003 ) would overlap with the end of her term as Secretary of State ( January 7 , 2003 ) , she was required to submit a letter of recognition . The law allowed candidates to have the resignation be effective up until the term for the new office began . Since Harris failed to do so , she was required to resign immediately . Harris said the oversight was unintentional . She said that she thought because Florida voters had approved a constitutional amendment that made the position of Secretary of State an appointed office rather than an elected office , the law did not apply to her situation . International travel . During her first 22 months in office , Harris spent more than $106,000 for travel , more than the governor or any other cabinet officer . She visited eight countries on ten foreign trips . In early 2001 , Florida Senate leaders eliminated the $3.4 million that Harris had budgeted for international relations for the year , assigning it instead to Enterprise Florida , the states economic development agency . However , Florida House Leader Tom Feeney said that he disagreed with the Senate and believed that Harris was an able advocate to foreign countries . After the House refused to agree with the proposed budget action , the Senate agreed to restore the money ; however , it insisted on a review committee , appointed by Senate President John McKay , Feeney , and Governor Jeb Bush , to evaluate all of Harris expenditures on international affairs since July 1 , 1999 , and produce a report . 2000 U.S . presidential election . As Secretary of State for the State of Florida ( and co-chair of George W . Bushs election efforts in Florida ) , Harris was a central figure in the 2000 US presidential election in Florida . She was involved in purging many individuals from the voter rolls , and the election between Al Gore and George W . Bush was so close in Florida , separated by 537 votes , that a recount of the votes was called for . After several recounts were inconclusive , Harris halted the recounting process , arguing that the laws governing recounts were unclear . The official vote totals showed the Republican candidate , Texas Governor George W . Bush , as the winner of the statewide popular vote in Florida , and so Harris certified the Republican slate of electors . This victory in Florida would allow Bush to obtain a majority in the Electoral College and win the election . Her certification was upheld in the state circuit court , but subsequently overturned on appeal by the Florida Supreme Court . The Florida Supreme Court decision was reversed by the U.S . Supreme Court in Bush v . Gore ( 2000 ) . In a per curiam decision , by a 7–2 vote , the Court held that the Florida Supreme Courts method for recounting ballots was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment . Furthermore , it held , by a 5–4 vote , that no alternative method for a recount could be established within the time limits set by the State of Florida . This decision allowed Harris previous certification of Bush as the winner of Floridas electoral votes to stand . Floridas 25 electoral votes gave Bush , the Republican candidate , 271 electoral votes , thus defeating Gore , who ended up with 266 electoral votes ( with one D.C . elector abstaining ) . Harris later published Center of the Storm , her memoir of the 2000 election controversy . It was later revealed that , unimpressed with her performance in the media spotlight of the recount , the Bush Campaign had assigned a staff member to her , essentially as a handler . United States Congresswoman . In 2002 , Harris ran against Sarasota Attorney Jan Schneider for the congressional district vacated by retiring Republican Rep . Dan Miller , winning by 10 percentage points in this solidly Republican district , a victory helped with one of the biggest first term campaign fund raising efforts in the history of this district and substantial support from the Bush family . Harris considered running for the seat of retiring Senator Bob Graham in 2004 but was reportedly dissuaded by the Bush White House to allow Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Mel Martinez to run instead . Martinez went on to narrowly beat challenger Betty Castor . Harris ran for re-election to her House seat in 2004 ; she was re-elected with a margin almost identical to her first win . In a 2004 speech in Venice , Florida , Harris claimed that a Middle Eastern man was arrested for attempting to blow up the power grid in Carmel , Indiana ; Carmel Mayor James Brainard and a spokesman for Indiana Gov . Joe Kernan said they had no knowledge of such a plot . Brainard said he had never spoken to Harris . During a 2004 campaign stop in Sarasota , a local resident , Barry Seltzer , tr [ ied ] to intimidate a group of Harris supporters by menacing Harris and her supporters with his automobile . Witnesses described Seltzer as having swerved off the road and onto the sidewalk , directing it at Harris and her supporters . Nobody was injured in the incident . Seltzer , who claimed he was exercising [ his ] political expression , was eventually arrested and charged with assault with a deadly weapon . MZM incident . In 2005 and 2006 , a major corporate campaign donor to Harris , Mitchell Wade ( founder of defense contractor MZM ) , was implicated in several bribery scandals . Wade had bundled together and donated to Harriss campaign $32,000 in contributions from his employees at MZM , Inc. , then reimbursed those employees for the contributions . Regarding this issue , U.S . Attorney Kenneth Wainstein said that Harris did not appear to know the donations were obtained illegally . Harris has maintained she had no personal knowledge that her campaign was given illegal contributions . Wade acknowledged that the donations to the Harris campaign were illegal and were part of an attempt to influence Harris to MZMs benefit . Documents filed with Wades plea say that he took Harris to dinner in March 2005 , a year after the illegal contributions , where they discussed the possibility of another fundraiser and the possibility of getting funding for a Navy counterintelligence program placed in Harriss district . Harris sent a letter on April 26 , 2005 , to defense appropriations subcommittee Chairman C . W . Bill Young , in which Harris sought $10 million for a Navy project backed by Wade . In the letter , Harris emphasized the importance of the project , asking that it be added to her list of five priorities and identifying it as her new No . 3 . Harris later released the April 26 , 2005 , letter for legal scrutiny , but neither she nor Young would turn over the request form ( RFP ) used for the proposal . CQPolitics noted Harriss former political strategist , Ed Rollins , spoke on the record about the dinner and detailed a meal that cost $2,800 , far in excess of the $50 limit on gifts that members of Congress are allowed to accept at the Washington restaurant Citronelle . Wade and Harris discussed MZMs desire for a $10 million appropriation , and Wade offered to host a fundraiser for Harriss 2006 Senate campaign . Regarding the MZM contributions , the Sentinel article goes on to say The Justice Department has said Wade , who personally handed many of the checks to Harris , did not tell Harris the contributions were illegal . Regarding the expensive meal , the article quotes Harris as saying that she personally had only a beverage and appetizer worth less than $100 . Rollins said that he had conducted a thorough internal investigation into Harriss ties to MZM in hopes of finding conclusive proof of her innocence ; but when he could not , he and other advisers , including her lawyer , urged her to drop her candidacy rather than risk federal corruption charges . Although he did not believe Harris intentionally broke any laws , her story kept changing . Our great concern was that you get into trouble when you dont tell the same story twice .. . Maybe you dont think you did anything wrong , but then maybe you start getting questioned about it and so forth , and you may perjure yourself . .. . Unlike Cunningham , I dont think she set out to violate the law , but I think she was very careless . She heard whatever she wanted to hear , but we could find no evidence whatsoever that this was a project going into her district . Although Rollins recalled discussing the $2,800 meal with Harris , Harris told the Orlando Sentinel on April 19 , 2006 , that the cost of the meal was news to me , and that her campaign had since reimbursed the restaurant for the cost of the meal . According to the reporter , when questioned as to why she would reimburse the restaurant for a meal that had been paid for by MZM , Harris abruptly terminated the interview , and her spokesman later called and requested unsuccessfully that the story not be printed . The next day , Harriss campaign issued a statement that she had believed her campaign had reimbursed the restaurant , and that she had donated $100 which will more than adequately compensate for the cost of my beverage and appetizer . Harris also asserted that most of the cost of the meal was from Wade ordering several unopened bottles of wine to take home , although the management of the restaurant denies ever allowing anyone to take unopened bottles of wine off the premises , saying Why would we jeopardize our liquor license for the sake of selling a couple bottles of wine ? In the weeks following the expensive meal , former senior Harris staffers claimed that they initially rejected a defense contractors $10 million appropriation request last year but reversed course after being instructed by Harris to approve it . In May 2006 , Harriss campaign spokesman Christopher Ingram acknowledged that she had also had a previous dinner with Wade in the same restaurant in March 2004 , when the $32,000 in illegal donations had been given to her campaign . Ingram told the press that he did not know how much that meal cost , but that a charitable donation of an unknown amount had been given to a charity whose name he did not know , equivalent to her share of the meal . She takes responsibility for the oversight that there was no reimbursement , he said . Mona Tate Yost , an aide to Harris , left to work for MZM during the time Wade was pressing Harris to secure federal funding ( April or May 2005 ) . On July 17 , 2006 , Ed Rollins confirmed that Justice Department lawyers and FBI agents had recently questioned her about the $32,000 in donations . Rollins noted : I assume more [ interviews ] will be coming , though . They were very serious . On September 7 , 2006 , Federal investigators questioned Jim Dornan , who quit as Harriss campaign manager the previous November . 2006 Senate race . Overview . On June 7 , 2005 , with support from her new campaign advisors of Ed Rollins and Jim Dornan , Harris announced her candidacy for the 2006 Florida United States Senate election , challenging Democratic incumbent Bill Nelson . Both lackluster fundraising relative to Nelson and controversy over campaign contributions from MZM caused Harris to fall far behind in all polls by May 2006 . Late in the primary race , Republican contender Will McBride polled 31 points behind Nelson in a hypothetical election against him , while Harris polled 33 points behind Nelson in the same poll . Harris was still popular among Republican voters and won the September 5 primary over McBride and two other challengers with approximately 50% of the total vote . Despite Harriss support of many Republican causes and her previous statewide victories , some party leaders expressed doubt about her statewide appeal : - In May 2006 , Florida Governor Jeb Bush questioned Harriss ability to win the general election and encouraged others to challenge her in the primary . - Karl Rove expressed doubts about her statewide appeal . - National Republicans openly criticized her campaign and tried to convince other GOP candidates to challenge Harris in the primary . - Florida state House of Representatives Speaker Allan Bense declined the candidacy on May 11 despite public courting by many leaders including Governor Bush . - Conservative pundit and former Republican Congressman Joe Scarborough was also unsuccessfully recruited to enter the race . Departing Harris aides claim that Harris called potential Scarborough supporters and raised the death of an aide in order to prevent his entry into the race . Scarborough later told Nelson that drawing Harris as an opponent in the race made him the luckiest man in Washington . By late July 2006 , Harris had gone through three campaign managers and her campaign was floundering . At that time , it was disclosed that state Republican Party leaders had told Harris they would not support her because she could not win in the general election . Financial problems plagued Harris Senate campaign from the start . During the primary , it was clear that the incumbent Senator Nelson had a substantial financial advantage . On the March 15 , 2006 , edition of Fox News Channels Hannity & Colmes , Harris pledged to spend $10 million of her own money , which she said was all of her inheritance , on her campaign . She also stated that her run was dedicated to the memory of her father . Despite her promise , the $10 million never materialized . Reports surfaced that Harris would not actually receive the inheritance from her father , who instead left his entire estate to her mother . She donated $3 million to her campaign , but later took back $100,000 , fueling speculation that she would be unable to donate the promised amount . In October , Harris announced that she was trying to sell her house in Washington to raise money for her campaign , but the home was not publicly listed for sale and no sale was ever announced . Nelson defeated Harris by more than one million votes . Harris received less than 39% of the vote . Staff resignations . In late February 2006 , in the midst of revelations surrounding Mitchell Wades illegal contributions , Harriss campaign finance director and her campaign treasurer both resigned . On April 1 , 2006 Harriss top campaign advisor , pollster and campaign manager all resigned with a half-dozen other staffers . Republican pollster and consultant David Johnson said , Ive never seen staffers go like this . Its just imploding . In early April 2006 , Harris told the Tampa Tribune that some of her ex-campaign staffers and the national Republican party were deliberately sabotaging her campaign by putting knives in her back and had warned her that if she did not back out of the campaign , she would get an April surprise . Former campaign staffer Ed Rollins said They were all good professionals .. . There was no backstabbing . Its insulting that she would even say that . If she wants to know what went wrong with the campaign , maybe she needs to take a good look in the mirror . In June , the Harris campaign received a legal bill for thousands of dollars that contained a reference to DOJ subpoena . Later , an ex-aide told the Associated Press that Harris had received a grand jury subpoena from federal investigators , but kept it from her top advisers , prompting several staff members to quit when they found out . On June 8 , 2006 , Harriss fourth chief of staff , Fred Asbell , left in order to pursue a business opportunity . Asbell said hed greatly enjoyed his time with the campaign and he would remain in a consultant position . On July 12 , 2006 , Harriss campaign spokesman Chris Christopher Ingram left the campaign . The next day , Harris received resignations from Campaign Manager Glenn Hodas , Field Director Pat Thomas , Political Director Brian Brooks and Deputy Field Director John K . Byers , while Travel Aide Kyle Johnson and Field Director Mike Norris declined to leave , citing loyalty to Harris . Hodas cited Harriss tantrums and increasingly erratic behavior as his reasons for leaving . An anonymous campaign worker described Harris as very difficult to work with . The more that we put her out there , the more she shot herself in the foot . In late August , Harris lost another key staffer , Rhyan Metzler , in the wake of a disastrous political rally at Orlando Executive Airport . Only 40 people showed up for the event , and Harris blamed the paltry turnout in part on a last-minute change in location . She claimed that a tree fell on the hangar that was originally scheduled to hold the rally , forcing her campaign to switch to another hangar . Airport officials , however , stated that not only had no trees fallen , but also that there are no trees as they get in the way of the airplanes ; further adding that the event in fact took place in the hangar that Harriss campaign had originally booked . Harriss campaign blamed Metzler for the comments Harris made after the rally . On August 31 , 2006 , Harris was interviewed on Hardball with Chris Matthews , where she responded to the criticisms from her former staffers with We have their email traffic , we know what was behind all that , we know whos been paid and who isnt . Lack of Republican support . The Pensacola News Journal suggested that Harris might withdraw from the Senate race after winning a primary victory , thereby allowing the Republicans to nominate another candidate , such as Tom Gallagher , to run against Bill Nelson . In August , Katherine Harris touted political endorsements from fellow Republican lawmakers on her campaign web site . However , some of those cited claim that they never endorsed her . This conflict resulted in several Republican congressmen calling the Harris campaign to complain after the St . Petersburg Times notified them of the endorsements listed on Harriss Web site . A short time later , their names were removed without comment from Harriss Web site . Of Harriss three primary opponents , only Will McBride endorsed her candidacy for the general election . In the first few days after the primary , a number of Republican nominees such as Charlie Crist and Tom Lee went on a statewide unity tour with Gov . Bush . Harris was not invited ; Republicans said the tour was only for nominees to statewide offices . Harris claimed Bush would campaign with her sometime in the two months before the election , but the governors office denied this . President Bush did not make public appearances or private meetings with Harris before the primary . He did , however , appear with her at a fundraiser on September 21 in Tampa . When it came time for newspapers to make their op-ed endorsements , all 22 of Floridas major daily newspapers supported Senator Nelson . The only endorsement Harris received was from the Polk County Democrat , a newspaper in Bartow which publishes four days out of the week . Religious convictions . Harris was a headline speaker at the Coral Ridge Presbyterian Churchs Reclaiming America for Christ conference held in Ft . Lauderdale on March 17–18 , 2006 . The conference web site invited attendees to attend in order to reclaim this nation for Christ . The stated mission of ReclaimAmerica.org is To inform , equip , motivate , and support Christians ; enabling them to defend and implement the Biblical principles on which our country was founded . As part of her speech , Harris urged conferees to win back America for God . Her appearance was noted in a Rolling Stone article covering the conference . In an interview with the Florida Baptist Witness on August 24 , 2006 , Harris called for Christians to vote on religious lines . She said , Rep . Debbie Wasserman Schultz ( D-FL ) said she was disgusted by the comments and deeply disappointed in Representative Harris personally , adding clearly shows that she does not deserve to be a representative . Two of Harris primary opponents denounced her statements , Republican Will McBride ( an attorney and son of a pastor ) stated Im a Christian , and Im a Republican , and I dont share her views . There are people of other faiths and backgrounds of outstanding integrity who know how to tell the truth . Real estate developer Peter Monroe , another GOP primary opponent , called on her to quit the race and resign from Congress . He called her suggestion that non-Christian voters are ignorant of morality when voting as contemptible , arrogant and wicked . On August 26 , 2006 , Harriss campaign released a Statement of Clarification , that stated , In the interview , Harris was speaking to a Christian audience , addressing a common misperception that people of faith should not be actively involved in government . Addressing this Christian publication , Harris provided a statement that explains her deep grounding in Judeo-Christian values . The press release went on to mention her past support of Israel and quoted her Jewish campaign manager Bryan G . Rudnick , who stated As the grandson of Holocaust survivors , I know that she encourages people of all faiths to engage in government so that our country can continue to thrive on the principles set forth by our founding fathers , without malice towards anyone . At an appearance at an Orlando gun show that same day , she said it breaks my heart to think people understood her comments as bigoted . When asked if she thought the Founding Fathers intended the nation to have secular laws she replied , On October 3 , 2006 , Harris participated in a prayer service via phone call . In one instance , she called for the elimination of the separation of church and state when she said , Harris then went on and prayed for Jews to be converted to Christianity . Replacements in the 13th Congressional District . Vern Buchanan was the Republican nominee and Christine Jennings the Democratic nominee to replace Harris in the 2006 election . The race had been ranked as leaning Democratic by CQ Politics , but Buchanan scored a very narrow victory , winning the election by a few hundred votes . Political positions and voting record . Harris is a conservative on most issues . She is anti-abortion and has voted against embryonic stem cell research . She opposes oil-drilling in Floridas coastal waters . Harris supported reforming Social Security to include private accounts . She has voted in favor of granting legal status to fetuses via the Unborn Victims of Violence Act . She supports tax cuts and the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act , which restricts bankruptcy filings by consumers . Harris is also in favor of welfare reform , school vouchers , the Patriot Act , the Flag Desecration Amendment , the Federal Marriage Amendment , and the 2003 invasion of Iraq . In a televised debate with Nelson on November 1 , however , she repeatedly declined to say whether she would still support the Iraq War Resolution knowing that Iraq did not have weapons of mass destruction . In an earlier debate with Nelson , Harris was asked to comment on trade of arms with foreign nations and the potential threat of their acquisition by terrorist groups . Harris responded that we know we dont want to have arms going to the rogue nations like China . Later life . Harris has not been very active in public life since retiring from politics . In 2013 , her husband , Swedish-born businessman Anders Ebbeson , shot and killed himself in the Sarasota home they shared ; he had reportedly been suffering a serious illness . Three years later , she attended a reunion of former Florida legislators in Tallahassee , and in 2017 , after admitting shed become a near recluse since Ebbesons death , she married Texas banker Richard Ware . In popular culture . Katherine Harris was the subject of some skits on Saturday Night Live , in which she was played by Ana Gasteyer ; she was also portrayed by actress Laura Dern in the 2008 film Recount , for which Dern won a Golden Globe . Harris is also referenced in one of filmmaker Kevin Smiths monologues for the DVD . Harris was also satirically portrayed by comedian Janeane Garofalo as Senator Katherine Harris on the Internet talk radio and podcast show .