Which country did Nakhchivan (city) belong to from Oct 1991 to Oct 1992?
Nakhchivan ( city ) Nakhchivan ( , , ; , ) is the capital of the eponymous Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan , located west of Baku . The municipality of Nakhchivan consists of the city of Nakhchivan , the settlement of Əliabad and the villages of Başbaşı , Bulqan , Haciniyyət , Qaraçuq ( Garachug ) , Qaraxanbəyli ( Garakhanbeyli ) , Tumbul , Qarağalıq , and Daşduz . It is spread over the foothills of Zangezur Mountains , on the right bank of the Nakhchivan River at an altitude of above sea level . Since 9 June 2009 , the Bulqan , Qaraçuq , Qaraxanbəyli , Tumbul and Haciniyyət villages of the Babek District are included in the scope of the administrative-territorial unit of the Nakhchivan city . Toponymy . The citys official Azerbaijani spelling is Nakhchivan ( ) , so is the Persian spelling ( ) . In Armenian and Russian , the citys name is spelled as Nakhichevan ( , ) . The city was first mentioned in Ptolemys Geography as Naxuana ( , ) , while the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi referred to it as Ijevan . According to an interpretation by the Jewish historian Josephus Flavius , the Armenian name of Nakhjavan means the place of the first landing . He wrote that the city of Nakhchivan was built at the foot of a mountain , to the top of which Noahs Ark landed during the Biblical flood . Russo-German linguist Max Vasmer argued that Nakhchivan was originally named Nakhjavan , which was the result of the combination of the Armenian Νaχič , and the Old Persian avan , latter meaning a place . Later on , the Turkic peoples migrating to the region transformed the sound dʒ to tʃ , which led to the formation of the Nakhchivan variant of the name . German philologist Heinrich Hübschmann also agrees with this interpretation . According to Harrison Gray Otis Dwight , Nakhchivan derives from the composition of nakh ( first in Armenian ) and ichevan ( resting-place or descent in Armenian ) , thus translates to first resting-place or first descent . History . Classical period . Local tradition states that Nakhchivan was founded by Noah after the Flood , and was his place of death and burial . According to Saint Movses Khorenatsi , King Tigranes I of Armenia settled Median prisoners of war at Nakhchivan in the second century BC . Nakhchivan is first mentioned in Ptolemys Geographia as Naxouana ( ) . Nakhchivan was destroyed by Shahanshah Shapur II in 363 and its Armenian and Jewish population was deported to Iran . Emperor Heraclius travelled through the city en route to Atropatene in 623 during the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 . Medieval period . The Arab siege of Nakhchivan in 650 led Theodore Rshtuni to conclude a truce . After the rebellion of 703 , Muhammad ibn Marwan had the rebel nobles burnt alive in churches in Nakhchivan and Goghtn in 705 . Nakhchivan temporarily came under the control of the Kingdom of Armenia in c . 900 , but was swiftly taken by Muhammad ibn Abil-Saj . The city was the temporary refuge of Atabeg Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr after his defeat at the Battle of Shamkor in 1195 , and Nakhchivan was conquered by the Kingdom of Georgia in 1197 . In 1225 , Nakhchivan was ruled by al-Maleka al-Jalāliya , daughter of Atabeg Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan . Genoese merchants were known to trade in the city by 1280 . The city was conquered by Timur in 1401 , but was taken by King George VII of Georgia in 1405 . Modern period . Nakhchivan was conquered by Shahanshah Ismail I in 1503 . Shahanshah Abbas I of Persia reconquered Nakhchivan from the Ottoman Empire in 1603–1604 . Nakhchivan was annexed to the Russian Empire per the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828 . The city became the centre of the Nakhchivan Uyezd in the Erivan Governorate in 1849 . In 1896 , Nakhchivan had a population of 7,433 , roughly two-thirds of which were Azeri-speaking Muslims and one-third Armenian Christians . After the February Revolution of 1917 , a soviet was formed in Nakhchivan , but the city was under the control of the Special Transcaucasian Committee from March to November 1917 , and its successor the Transcaucasian Commissariat from November 1917 to March 1918 . Turkey occupied Nakhchivan from June until November , after which the city was occupied by British soldiers in January 1919 , and a military governor was appointed to administer Nakhchivan . It was decided that Nakhchivan would be granted to Armenia on 6 April 1919 , and the city was annexed on 6 June 1919 . Britain , France , Italy , and the US , with approval from Armenia and Azerbaijan , agreed on 25 October 1919 to appoint American Colonel Edmond D . Daily as General-Governor of Nakhchivan , elections would be held , and both Armenia and Azerbaijan would withdraw its forces from the territory . However , in March 1920 , Turkish forces led by Kâzım Karabekir occupied Nakhchivan . Soviet Russia took control of Nakhchivan on 28 July 1920 , and the city became part of the newly formed Nakhchivan Soviet Socialist Republic . The Treaty of Moscow of 16 March 1921 , and later the Treaty of Kars of 21 October 1921 , between Russia and Turkey agreed that Nakhchivan would be an autonomous territory under the protection of Azerbaijan and delimited its borders with Turkey . In February 1923 , the city formed part of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Krai within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic ( ASSR ) , but later became the capital of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the ASSR in March 1924 . When Azerbaijan declared independence from the Soviet Union , Nakhchivan remained part of the Republic of Azerbaijan . Following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war , a trilateral ceasefire was signed between Armenia , Azerbaijan and Russia . According to the agreement , Azerbaijan will gain a road access to Nakchivan through Armenia which will be secured by Russian peacekeepers . Ecclesiastical history . The bishop of Mardpetakan resided at Nakhchivan , and the Armenian historian Tovma Artsruni records Sahak Vahevuni as bishop of Nakhchivan and Mardpetakan and brother of Apusahak Vahevuni . Geography . The city is spread over the foothills of Zangezur chain , on the right bank of the Nakhchivan River at an altitude of almost 1,000 m ( 3,300 ft ) . The floods and soil erosion spiked because of the decreased forest cover along riverbanks . As a result , reforestation projects implemented in the city to encourage tree planting . Climate . Nakhchivan has a continental semi-arid climate ( Köppen BSk ) with short but cold , snowy winters and long , dry , very hot summers . Population . According to the State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan , the number of population of city was 63,8 thousand in 2000 . Economy . Traditionally , Nakhchivan was home to trade industry , handicraft , shoemaking and hatmaking by Azerbaijanians . These industries have been largely replaced . The restoration enterprises and development industry , liberalization of foreign trade and the extension of the customs infrastructure , which has been largely responsible for Nakchivans growth in the last two decades , are now major parts of Nakchivans economy . Culture . The city has a wide range of cultural activities , amenities and museums . Heydar Aliyev Palace , which has a permanent local painting exhibition and a theatre hall for an audience of 1000 people , and a recently restored Soviet-time Opera Theatre where the Nakhchivan State Musical Drama Theatre realises theatre plays , concerts , musicals and opera . Many of the citys cultural sites are expected to be celebrated in 2018 when Nakhchivan was designated an Islamic Culture Capital . Architecture . The city is home Momine Khatun Mausoleum , Gulustan Mausoleum , Noahs Mausoleum , Garabaghlar Mausoleum , Yusif ibn Kuseyir Mausoleum , Imamzadeh mausoleum and Mausoleum of Huseyn Javid mausoleums . The main sight in the city is the heavily restored 12th-century Momine Khatun Mausoleum , also known as Atabek Gumbezi . Momine Khatun was the wife of Eldegizid Atabek Jahan Pahlivan , ruler of the Atabek Eldegiz emirate . The 10-sided monument is decorated with intricate geometrical motives and Kufic script , it uses turquoise glazed bricks . It shares the neighbourhood with a statue of its architect – Ajami Nakhchivani – and a bust of Heydar Aliyev . Also from the 12th century and by the same architect , is the octagonal Yusuf Ibn Kuseir tomb , known as Atababa , half abandoned near the main cemetery . In 1993 , the white marble mausoleum of Hussein Javid was built . The Azerbaijani writer died in the Gulag during Joseph Stalins Great Purge . Both the mausoleum and his house museum are located east of the theatre . Although being a recent construction , Huseyn Javids mausoleum is of great iconic importance , representing the ability of the exclave to live despite the Armenian embargo and becoming a symbol of Nakhchivan itself . The mausoleums of Nakhchivan were entered for possible inclusion in the List of World Heritage Sites , UNESCO in 1998 by Gulnara Mehmandarova – president of Azerbaijan Committee of ICOMOS—International Council on Monuments and Sites . Cuisine . Nakchivan’s signature cuisine includes shirin plov ( sweet rice with gravy ; made with mutton , hazelnuts , almonds and dried fruits ) , dastana , komba , tendir lavash and galin . Lavash is made with flour , water , and salt . The thickness of the bread varies depending on how thin it was rolled out . Toasted sesame seeds and/or poppy seeds are sometimes sprinkled on before baking . It is impossible to imagine any table without bread in Azerbaijan and also in Nakhchivan . In connection with this , the assortment of bread in Nakhchivan is different ; the tendir lavash as thin as paper , galin ( thick ) , dastana , and komba ( ash cake ) . If prepared to saj it was called lavash , Juha salmag – spread Juha , lavash bread on saj , and if prepared in the tandir , the llavash yapmag lavash bread stick . The fact is that it was necessary to stick lavash bread on the hot inner walls of the tandir . it is impossible to fight with lavash bread , as the proverb reads Gyaldi lavash – Bitdili Savas – Came lavash – the end of the war . There are many people’s ideological expressions about lavash Yavash-yavash -pendir- lavash Quietly ( slow ) – cheese lavash or Khamrali hash – bagryna bass , Khamraliev ( kind of bread ) push to the chest , i.e . . lavash bread – eat slowly . Of lavash folk sandwiches are made in a roll shape – durmek . In the village where children ran out to play or school they were supplied with these sandwiches . Inside durmeks – rolls was put butter and jam , cheese , cottage cheese and butter , cheese with herbs , potatoes , boiled eggs , etc . Sacrificial monument Ashabi-Kahf . Ashabi-Kahf is a sanctuary in a natural cave which is located in the eastern part of the city of Nakhchivan , between the mountains of Ilandag and Nahajir in Azerbaijan.Since ancient times Ashabi-Kahf is considered as a sacred place.It is known not only in Nakhchivan , but also in other regions of Azerbaijan and countries of the Middle East.Each year ten thousands of people make a pilgrimage to this place . Touristic place of Batabat Lake . Batabat Lake is in the Shahbuz district of Nakhchivan , in the basin of the Nakhchivan River and covers an area of 16.0 hectares . The local climate and landscape are favourable for the creation of tourist and recreation facilities . The existing meadows , clean , life-giving air , natural forests and bushes , fresh water streams ( Zorbulag and Sudlubulag ) and mineral water springs surely demand the creation of a leisure and tourism zone . Conditions are very favourable for the treatment of cardiac diseases and diseases of the nervous system . Museums and galleries . The city also has many historical museums , the literature museum of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic , Nakhchivan State History Museum , The Nakhchivan State Carpet Museum , and the house museums of Jamshid Nakhchivanski and Bahruz Kangarli . There is also an archaeological museum found on Istiqlal street . The city has a few interesting mosques , particularly the Juma mosque , with its large dome . Modern museums in Nakchivan include the Museum under Open Air , Heydar Aliyev Museum and the Memorial Museum ( Xatıra Muzeyi ) , dedicated to the national strife between Armenia and Azerbaijan . Music and media . The regional channels Naxçıvan TV and Kanal 35 , and newspaper Sharg Gapisi are headquartered in the city . Sports . Araz Naxçivan one of the top futsal clubs in the European futsal arena and regularly participates in UEFA Futsal Cup . Nakhchivan had one professional football team , Araz-Naxçıvan , which competed in the top-flight of Azerbaijani football , the Azerbaijan Premier League . In 2014 , the city hosted Masters Weightlifting World Cup . Festivals . Nakhchivan is known for its Goyja fruit , sort of a cherry-plum , and hosts a traditional Goyja festival at the Nakhchivangala Historical-Architectural Museum Complex . Products made from goyja—jam , compote ( drink ) , pickles , dried , lavasha ( bread ) – are shown at the festival . Another festival organized annually in Nakhchivan is associated with kata ( ) – flat pie with greens , which is made with shomu ( wild spinach ) , mixed greens , desert candle , pumpkin , asphodel , nettle , bean or lentil in a dough wrapped in the shape of an envelope and cooked in a tandir . Kata festival is aimed to show and promote the preparation manner of various types of the kata specific to different regions of NAR . The festival is held at the Historical-Architectural Museum Complex Nakhchivangala in April . Education . There are 3 professional , 6 musical , 22 secondary schools and a military cadet school in Nakhchivan administered by the city council . Universities and colleges . Nakhchivan is home to numerous universities : - Nakhchivan State University - Nakhchivan Private University - Nakhchivan Teachers Institute Transport . Public transport . Nakhchivans trolleybus system consisted of three lines at its height and existed until 2004 . Air . Nakhchivan International Airport is the only commercial airport serving Nakhchivan . The airport is connected by bus to the city center . There are domestic flights to Baku and international service to Russia and Turkey . Rail . Currently , a light rail line operates from Nakhchivan southeast to Ordubad and northwest to Sharur . Notable residents . The citys notable residents include : president of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev , Huseyn Javid – poet and playwright , founder of the progressive romanticism in Azerbaijani literature , writer Jalil Mammadguluzadeh , opera singer Azer Zeynalov , film director Rza Tahmasib , generals Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski and Jamshid Nakhchivanski , artist Bahruz Kangarli and architect Ajami Nakhchivani . International relations . Twin towns . Nakhchivan is twinned with various cities . - Batumi , Georgia ,