Muhammad bin Saud
Who was the president of Emirate of Diriyah from 1744 to 1765?
Emirate of Diriyah The Emirate of Diriyah ( ) , also transliterated as the Emirate of Diriyah and also known as the First Saudi State , was established in the year 1744 ( 1157 AH ) when the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and tribal chief Muhammad bin Saud formed an alliance to found a socio-religious reform movement to unify the many states of the Arabian Peninsula . In 1744 , both Abd al-Wahhab and Saud took an oath to achieve their goal . Early establishment . The House of Saud and its allies quickly rose to become the dominant power in Arabia by first conquering Najd , and then expanding their influence over the eastern coast from Kuwait down to the northern borders of Oman . Furthermore , Sauds forces brought the highlands of Asir under their suzerainty , while Muhammad ibn Abd Al Wahhab wrote letters to people and scholars to enter the field of jihad . After many military campaigns , Muhammad bin Saud died in 1765 , leaving the leadership to his son , Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad . Sauds forces went so far as to gain command of the Shia holy city of Karbala in 1801 . Here they destroyed the shrine of the saints and monuments and killed over 5000 civilians . In retribution , Abdulaziz was assassinated by a young Shia in 1803 , having followed him back to Nejd . Muhammad bin Abd Al Wahhab died in 1792 . In 1803 , eleven years after Wahhabs death , the son of Abdulaziz bin Muhammad , Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud , sent out forces to bring the region of Hejaz under his rule . Taif was the first city to be captured , and later the two holy cities of Mecca and Medina . This was seen as a major challenge to the authority of the Ottoman Empire , which had exercised its rule over the holy cities since 1517 . Decline of sovereignty . The task of weakening the grip of the House of Saud was given to the powerful viceroy of Egypt , Muhammad Ali Pasha , by the Ottomans . This initiated the Ottoman–Saudi War , in which Muhammad Ali sent his troops to the Hejaz region by sea . His son , Ibrahim Pasha , then led Ottoman forces into the heart of Nejd , capturing town after town . Sauds successor , his son Abdullah bin Saud , was unable to prevent the recapture of the region . Finally , Ibrahim reached the Saudi capital at Diriyah and placed it under siege for several months until it surrendered in the winter of 1818 . Ibrahim then shipped off many members of the clans of Al Saud and Muhammed Ibn Abd Al Wahhab to Egypt and the Ottoman capital , Istanbul . Abdullah bin Saud was later executed in the Ottoman capital Istanbul with his severed head later thrown into the waters of the Bosphorus , marking the end of what was known as the First Saudi State . However , both the Wahhabi sect and the remaining members of the Al Saud clan stayed committed . They founded a Second Saudi State that lasted until 1891 , and later a third state , Saudi Arabia , which the Al Saud continue to rule up to the present day . List of Rulers . - Emir Muhammad bin Saud 1744–1765 ( 1157–1179 H ) - Emir Abdulaziz bin Muhammad 1765–1803 ( 1179–1218 H ) - Emir Saud bin Abdulaziz 1803–1814 ( 1218–1229 H ) - Emir Abdullah bin Saud 1814–1818 ( 1229–1233 H )