Communist Party of India
Which political party did E. M. S. Namboodiripad belong to from 1929 to 1930?
E . M . S . Namboodiripad Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad ( 13 June 1909 – 19 March 1998 ) , popularly EMS , was an Indian communist politician and theorist , who served as the first Chief Minister of Kerala in 1957–59 and then again in 1967–69 . As a member of the Communist Party of India ( CPI ) , he became the first non-Indian National Congress chief minister in the Indian republic . In 1964 , he led a faction of the CPI that broke away to form the Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) ( CPI ( M ) ) . He completed his graduation from St . Thomas College , Thrissur . As chief minister , EMS pioneered radical land and educational reforms in Kerala , which helped it become the countrys leader in social indicators . It is largely due to his commitment and guidance that the CPI ( M ) , of which he was Politburo member and general secretary for 14 years , has become such a domineering political force , playing a vital role in Indias new era of coalition politics . Personal life . Elamkulam Manakkal Sankaran Namboodiripad was born on 13 June 1909 , as the fourth son of Parameswaran Namboodiripad and Vishnudatha Antharjanam , at Elamkulam , situated on the banks of Thuthapuzha River , in Perinthalmanna taluk of the present Malappuram district into an aristocratic upper-caste Brahmin family . His two elder brothers died before he was born , and the third brother was intellectually disabled . He lost his father when he was five . In his early years , he was a close friend of Sr . P.M . Mathew . He was associated with V . T . Bhattathiripad , M . R . Bhattathiripad and many others in the fight against the casteism and conservatism that existed in the Namboothiri community . He became one of the office-bearers of Valluvanadu Yogaskshema Sabha , an organisation of progressive Namboothiri youth . During his college days , he was deeply associated with the Indian National Congress and the Indian independence movement . It is said he would walk 5–8 km to hear the firebrand Cochin politician V.J Mathai speak . He was well known for his stammer . When asked if he always stammered , he would reply , No , only when I speak . EMS was married to Arya Antharjanam and had two sons - E . M . Sreedharan and E . M . Sasi - and two daughters - E . M . Malathy and E . M . Radha . His grandson ( Sreedharans son ) Sujith Shankar is an actor . Writings . He was a writer and author of several literary works and his book on the history of Kerala is notable . He described Mahatma Gandhi as a Hindu fundamentalist . - EMS Athmakatha ( E M S Autobiography ) > Sahithya Academy Award winner , 1970 > - Mooladhanam : oru mukhavura - A History of Indian Freedom Struggle - Keralam Malayalikalude Mathrubhumi - Kerala charithram marxist veekshanathil - The Frontline Years Selected Articles - Indian swathanthryasamara charithram - Gandhiyum Gandhisavum - Gramscian vicharaviplavam - The Mahatma and the Ism - History , society , and land relations : selected essays - Darshanathe Pati - Oru indian communistinte ormakkurippukal - Crisis into Chaos : Political India , 1981 - Marxism oru paadapusthakam - Charitravum Charitrarachanayum : Marxist Veekshanam - Achuthamenon vyakthiyum rashtreeyavum - Communist Party Keralathil - Asanum Malayala Sahityavum - Jathiyum Samudayavum Rashtreeyavum Yugangaliloode - EMS-inte Thiranjedutha Prasangangal - Kerala : yesterday today tomorrow Socialism . In 1934 , he was one of the founders of Congress Socialist Party , a socialist wing within the Indian National Congress , and elected as its All India Joint Secretary from 1934 to 1940 . During this period , he was also elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly ( 1939 ) . He remained committed to socialist ideals , and his compassion towards the working class led him to join the Communist movement . The Indian government considered him to be one of the founders of the Communist Party of India ( CPI ) in Kerala , forcing him to go into hiding . During the 1962 Sino-Indian war , he was among leaders who aired Chinas view on the border issue . When the CPI split in 1964 , EMS stood with the Communist Party of India ( Marxist ) ( CPI ( M ) ) . He was the leader of the Kerala state committee of CPI ( M ) . He served as a member of the Central Committee and the Politburo of the CPI ( M ) until his death in 1998 . EMS became general secretary in 1977 , a designation he held until 1992 . A Marxist scholar , he influenced the development of Kerala , of whom he was the first Chief Minister . Election to state government . A Communist-led government under E . M . S . Namboodiripad resulted from the first elections for the new Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1957 , making him the first communist leader in India to head a popularly elected government . It was one of the earliest elected Communist governments , after Communist success in the 1945 elections in the Republic of San Marino ( a city-state surrounded by Italy ) . ) It was also the first time for a regional party in India to win state elections . On 5 April 1957 he was appointed as the first chief minister of Kerala . His government introduced the Land Reform Ordinance and Education Bill . In 1959 , the Central Government dismissed his government through the controversial Article 356 of the Indian Constitution following The Liberation Struggle . Indira Gandhi convinced Nehru , who was hesitant to dismiss a democratically elected government , to make such a decision . Central Intelligence Agencys involvement in the ouster has been long suspected . Declassified CIA documents show that the first Communist government concerned them and preventing additional Keralas became an important argument for augmenting U.S . assistance to India . According to the biography of former US Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker , the election results rang alarm bells in Washington He became the Chief Minister of Kerala for the second time in 1967 as the leader of a seven-party coalition ( Saptakakshi Munnani ) which included the CPI and Muslim League . Soon after becoming Chief Minister again , on 31 January 1968 he inaugurated a mechanised coir factory called Floorco in Pozhikkara , Paravur . This time his tenure lasted for two and a half years , and the government fell on 24 October 1969 due to internal conflicts within the constituent parties . Namboodiripad was the Leader of Opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1970 to 1977 . His vision of decentralisation of power and resources ( Peoples Plan ) and the Kerala Literacy Movement influenced Kerala society . He authored several books in English and Malayalam . Chintha Publication , Kerala has published all his books under the title , E M S Sanchika . He also was well known as a journalist . As the head of ministries in the Kerala State Assembly . E . M . S . has led 2 ministries in Kerala . Sino-Indian war and split in the Communist Party . During the 1962 Sino-Indian war , other parties portrayed left-wing parties as pro-China , since both were Communist . Namboodiripad stated that the left was focused on solving the border dispute through talks . Association with Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters . Namboodiripad , Kesari Balakrishna Pillai , Joseph Mundassery , M . P . Paul and K . Damodaran were architects of JeevalSahitya Prastanam , renamed Purogamana Sahitya Prastanam ( Progressive Association for Arts and Letters ) . Though the party considered Kesari one of the visionaries of the Progressive Movement for Arts and Letters in Kerala , serious differences of opinion emerged between full-time Communist Party activists and other personalities , namely Kesari and Mundassery . In this context , Namboodiripad famously accused Kesari of being a petit-bourgeois intellectual , an appellation he retracted . Namboodiripad also acknowledged some of the earlier misconceptions of the Communist Party with respect to the Progressive Literature and Arts Movement . This debate is known as Rupa Bhadrata Vivadam , an important milestone in the growth of modern Malayalam literature . Death . Despite his age and failing health , Namboodiripad was still active in political and social fields . He actively campaigned during the 1998 general election . Soon after the results were declared , he contracted pneumonia , and was admitted to the Cosmopolitan hospital in Thiruvananthapuram , where he died at 3:40 p.m ( IST ) on 19 March 1998 , aged 88 . He was cremated with full state honours in Thycaud electric crematorium in Thiruvananthapuram . Three more deaths occurred in his family within five years after his death , starting with his daughter-in-law Dr . Yamuna in August 2001 , and later followed by his wife Arya Antharjanam in January 2002 and elder son E.M . Sreedharan in November 2002 . In popular culture . In the 2014 film Vasanthathinte Kanal Vazhikalil , Sudheesh reprises the role of Namboodiripad .