Ernst Wagemann
Who was the director or manager of German Institute for Economic Research from 1925 to 1945?
German Institute for Economic Research The German Institute for Economic Research ( ) or more commonly DIWBerlin is a economic research institute in Germany , involved in basic research and policy advice . It is a non-profit academic institution , financed with public grants from the Berlin Senate Department for Economics , Technology and Research and the Federal Department for Economics and Technology . DIW Berlin was founded in 1925 as the Institute for Business Cycle Research and was later renamed . DIW Berlin presents its research results in science journals , within the scope of national and international scientific events as well as at workshops , symposia and colloquia . Current economic and structural data , forecasts and advice as well as services in the area of quantitative economics are provided to decision makers in economics and policy and the broad public . Furthermore , the research results often meet with a major response in the news media . Leadership and organisation . The legal status of DIW Berlin is that of a registered association . The associations bodies are the Members , the Board of Trustees , the Executive Board and the Scientific Advisory Board . To date , there are 185 employees , 102 of them being researchers . Executive board . - Marcel Fratzscher - Angelica E . Röhr - Stefan Liebig Research departments . The institute is divided into ten research departments , which are : - The Department of Macroeconomics focuses on the empirical and theoretical analysis of aggregate economic developments as well as national and international economic policy . - The Department Forecasting and Economic Policy uses modern macroeconomic methods to analyze economic policy issues . Economic forecasting is a key component of the departments work . - The Department of International Economics focuses on monetary and financial issues affecting the global economy . It concentrates on two key activities : examining international financial markets in terms of their economic functionality and analyzing the contribution of financial development to the goal of shared growth in developing and emerging countries . - The Department of Energy , Transportation and Environment researches different strategies of sustainable development in energy , transportation and the environment in order to formulate sound policy recommendations . - The Department Climate Policy uses empirical and theoretical methods to explore Germany and Europes transition to sustainable energy—for example , by analyzing policies related to energy efficiency in buildings as well as the shift to sustainable , climate-friendly power production . - The Department of Competition and Consumers aims to produce robust evidence of how society and markets function . Its research combines approaches from industrial economics with behavioral and experimental economics , thus enabling a comprehensive analysis of strategic interactions , market allocations , and human behavior . - The Department of Firms and Markets analyzes firms’ strategic behavior and its impact on efficiency , productivity , and growth as well as the institutional and political environment in which firms operate . - The Department of Public Economics analyzes how financial , fiscal , and social policies influence economic decisions made by individuals , households , and companies . - The Department of Education and Family explores education and family-related issues primarily from a microeconomic perspective . One key question is the extent to which it is possible to fully develop the human potential of a countrys economy . - The Socio-Economic Panel Study ( SOEP ) is a research-based infrastructure facility at DIW Berlin funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) and state governments . The SOEP is one of the worlds largest and longest-running surveys of individuals and private households . Numerous studies based on SOEP data examine mechanisms behind the distribution of social resources . Service departments - Communications - Information Technology - Library - Management Services - Office Management - Legal Department and Human Resources Graduate Center . Since 2006 the Graduate Center ( GC ) of DIW Berlin offers about 15 scholarships per year for PhD positions in economics in cooperation with Berlins largest universities : Free University of Berlin , Humboldt University of Berlin , and Technical University of Berlin . The Graduate Center is located within the DIW building in the center of Berlin . The academic research of students focuses on applied topics . The four-year program is divided into two parts : while students receive academic training in economics and related social sciences during the first year , in years two to four on-the-job training in DIW research projects leads them to complete their doctoral theses . The application period is between January and March . Co-operations . A broad range of predominantly external Research Directors , Research Professors and Research Affiliates research along with the employees of DIW Berlin . They co-operate for a specific time , perform cross sectional tasks , care about scientific surveys ( such as diploma thesis , dissertations ) and release important pulses for the institute . The DIW is also part of the Leibniz Association , ( Leibniz-Gemeinschaft ) , a collection of non-university research institutes in Germany . Along with five other leading institutes , the DIW publishes a joint report on the state of the German economy , the Gemeinschaftsdiagnose ( Joint Economic Forecast ) . Financing . More than half of the Institutes budget is derived from public grants , which DIW Berlin receives as research funding from the State of Berlin and the Federal Government in equal parts . This sum is supplemented by income from projects , research contracts with third parties , trustee memberships and donations . Because of its financial structure DIW Berlin is member of the Leibniz Association ( WGL ) . Publications . Dissemination of information is fundamental to DIW Berlin . As a leading economic research institute , it seeks to supply the wider public with up-to-date economic and structural data , forecasts , research reports , and services in the field of quantitative economics . Research results are presented in the Institutes own publications and in publications edited in co-operation with the Institute . Economic situation forecasts . Forecasts about current and future trends in Germany , EU and world economy are published on a regular basis by DIW Berlin . Publications . Wochenbericht Readily available , condensed information on current economic policy issues . Published weekly in German ( Wochenbericht des DIW Berlin ) . DIW Economic Bulletin The DIW Economic Bulletin is a DIW Berlin online publication . At irregular intervals selected articles of the Wochenbericht are being published online in English. . Quarterly Journal of Economic Research Each issue concentrates on a topic relevant to the current economic policy debate . It includes detailed information on research findings and their methodological basis . Discussion papers The papers are presenting pre-publications of research results . DIW Berlin : Policy Advice Compact DIW Berlin furnishes opinions for the Federal Government of Germany , the Commission of the European Union , the Ministries of Federal and State Governments , political parties , interest groups and associations , and the social partners . In the series “DIW Berlin : Policy Advice Compact” these research reports will be published . Applied Economics Quarterly ( Konjunkturpolitik ) Applied Economics Quarterly is an international journal publishing empirical research on issues with relevance for all areas of economic policy . AEQ is published four times a year in English . Events . Industrial Conference The Industrial Conference is the traditional institutionalised forum for exchange between the DIW Berlin and the business sector . Since October 1960 , the forum has met twice a year - May and November . Approximately one hundred representatives of enterprises , business associations and economic sciences participate regularly . Since the Federal Government moved to Berlin , the conference has been attracting increasing numbers of participants from politics . The conference understands itself to be a platform for dialogs on different viewpoints and opinions . Lunchtime Meetings The Berlin Lunchtime Meetings are a joint series of monthly expert talks hosted by the Center of Economic Policy Research ( CEPR ) , the German Institute for Economic Research ( DIW Berlin ) and the Institute for the Study of Labour ( IZA ) . The seminars serve as a platform for leading European and international researchers to address important policy issues , and as a forum for debate and discussion among researchers , policy makers and the private sector . History . 1925 In July 1925 Ernst Wagemann founds DIW Berlin , which is originally called Institute for Business Cycle Research , and becomes the first President . 1928 In the context of the Quarterly Journal of Economic Research , Arthur Hanau publishes his dissertation „The phenomenon of cyclical development” and becomes head of the agricultural market research in Germany . Using his concept of the „Pork Cycle“ is still a popular way of explaining students of economics the relationship between demand and supply . 1933–1945 During the Nazi Regime , Ernst Wagemann is removed from his office . He is questioned several times by the Gestapo and even arrested for a while in 1942 . By the end of 1943 , the Institute for Business Cycle Research , now renamed in German Institute for Economic Research , is partially relocated to Feldberg , Mecklenburg . 1945 Prof . Dr . Ferdinand Friedensburg takes on being the President of the German Institute for Economic Research until 1968 . Now , after the war , the main focus of economic research lies upon economic issues within the city of Berlin . 1950 The first Wochenbericht ( Weekly Report ) after the war is published , covering a detailed report about „Germany´ s economic situation at the end of 1945” . 1956 The German Institute for Economic Research moves into its new building in Koenigin-Luise-Straße . 1960 For the first time , the so-called “Grundlinien der Wirtschaftsentwicklung” , forecasts about current and future trends in Germany , EU and world economy , are published . They are referring to the year of 1961 . 1968 Dr . Klaus Dieter Arndt becomes new President of the German Institute for Economic Research . 1972 Newly established departments are the Department of Transportation , the Department of Public Finance and the Department of Money and Capital Markets . 1975 Dr . Karl Koenig takes on being new the President of the German Institute for Economic Research . 1979 The German Institute for Economic Research publishes the Wochenbericht „Eine mittelfristige Strategie zur Wiedergewinnung der Vollbeschaeftigung“ , proposing strategies for re-establishing full employment in Germany . Taking this report into account , the federal government derives a programme for future investment in year 1977-1980 , one of the very few programmes which consequence is a noticeable drop in German unemployment rates . Prof . Dr . Hans-Jürgen Krupp becomes new President of the German Institute for Economic Research . 1989 The Socio-Economic Panel Study ( SOEP ) is now part of the German Institute for Economic Research . The main focus of the service institution SOEP is on basic research and scientific services . The Socio-Economic Panel regularly surveys 10,000 private households in a representative longitudinal study . The data acquired is analysed within and outside the German Institute for Economic Research , the results are then used for the analysis of income and labour force developments . 1990 The German Institute for Economic Research clearly disapproves a monetary union with the former GDR . In the case of a monetary union , the only way for the GDR to compensate their difference in productivity would be a significant decrease of the wage level . A unification of wage levels would lead to mass dismissals and enormous business shutdowns . The GDR people would become welfare recipients of the Federal Republic of Germany . 1994 On behalf of Greenpeace , the German Institute for Economic Research analyses the economic consequences of an ecological fiscal reform . The model of ecotax , short for ecological taxation , has been enacted in Germany by means of three laws in the following years . 2000 Prof . Dr . Klaus F . Zimmermann becomes new President of the German Institute for Economic Research ( DIW Berlin ) . From now on , there are seven Research Departments . Thus , DIW Berlin is able to react flexible to new respective current economic and social political topics . Main focus of economic research is now lying upon information society and competition , public economics and innovation . The Institute also aims at increasing its number of international cooperations and its participation in research networks worldwide . 2003 DIW Berlin publishes its first Konjunkturprognose ( Economic Barometer ) , an up-to-date indicator of Germanys economic trends . 2006 With the founding of the DIW Graduate Center , the Institute dedicates itself to furthering the careers of young scientists . 2007 DIW Berlin relocates from Berlin-Dahlem to Mohrenstraße in Berlin-Mitte , marking a return to the citys government district . 2013 Prof . Marcel Fratzscher becomes new President of the German Institute for Economic Research ( DIW Berlin ) . 2016 The Berlin Economics Research Associates ( BERA ) , a postdoctoral program funded by the Leibniz Association to promote the careers of young scientists , is established at DIW Berlin . Presidents . - 1925–1945 Ernst Wagemann - 1945–1968 Ferdinand Friedensburg - 1968–1974 Klaus-Dieter Arndt - 1975–1979 Karl Koenig - 1979–1988 Hans-Jürgen Krupp - 1988–1999 Lutz Hoffmann - 2000–2011 Klaus Zimmermann - 2011–2013 Gert G . Wagner - 2013–present Marcel Fratzscher Literature . - Silke Anger . Overtime Work in Germany . The Investment Character of Unpaid Hours , Shaker 2006 . - Rainer Winkelmann , Klaus F . Zimmermann , Can Germany Stand up to International Locational Competition ? Duncker und Humblot 2005 . - Klaus F . Zimmermann , European Migration : What Do We Know ? Oxford University Press . Oxford/New York 2005 . - Marco Caliendo , Microeconometric Evaluation of Labour Market Policies , Springer , 2005 . - Brigitte Preissl , Harry Bouwman , and Charles Steinfield , E-Life after the Dot Com Bust , Physica-Verlag , 2004 . - Janet Zollinger Giele and Elke Holst : Changing Life Patterns in Western Industrial Societies ( Advances in Life Course Research ) . 2003 .