Angelo Bonelli
Who was the head of Federation of the Greens between Oct 2010 and Oct 2010?
Federation of the Greens The Federation of the Greens ( , FdV ) , frequently referred to as Greens ( Verdi ) , is a green political party in Italy . It was formed in 1990 by the merger of the Federation of Green Lists and the Rainbow Greens . Currently , Matteo Badiali and Elena Grandi serve as the partys two spokespersons , while Angelo Bonelli , a former president , spokesperson and member of the Chamber of Deputies , is its national coordinator . The FdV is part of the European Green Party and the Global Greens . History . Background and foundation . The Federation of Green Lists was formed in 1984 by leading environmentalists and anti-nuclear activists , notably including Gianni Mattioli , Gianfranco Amendola , Massimo Scalia and Alexander Langer . The party made its debut at the 1987 general election and obtained 2.6% of the vote , gaining 13 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and two Senators . Later that year , the Greens successfully campaigned for three referendums aimed at stopping nuclear power in Italy , which had been proposed by the left-liberal Radical Party and was eventually supported by the countrys three main parties ( Christian Democrats , Communists and Socialists ) . At the 1989 European Parliament election there were two competing green parties : the LV and the Rainbow Greens ( VA ) , formed mainly by Radicals , including Adelaide Aglietta , Franco Corleone , Adele Faccio , Marco Taradash and Francesco Rutelli , as well as splinters from Proletarian Democracy , including Mario Capanna , Guido Pollice , Gianni Tamino and Edo Ronchi . The two lists obtained a combined 6.2% of the vote , of which 3.8% for the LV and 2.4% for the VA , and 5 MEPs . In 1990 the two parties joined forces to form the Federation of the Greens , which inherited from the LV the Smiling Sun symbol of the northern European anti-nuclear movement , designed by Danish activist Anne Lund in 1975 . In the 1992 general election the new party won 2.8% of the vote , returning 16 deputies and 4 senators . The party was briefly a member of the Ciampi Cabinet formed 28 April 1993 , its sole minister resigning a day after the cabinets swearing-in ceremony . Centre-left coalitions . In 1993 the Greens joined forces with the Democratic Party of the Left ( PDS ) within the Alliance of Progressives , a broad left-wing coalition . As a result , Rutelli was elected mayor of Rome . The party was also joined by Carlo Ripa di Meana , a former Socialist member of the European Commission and minister of the Environment , who became the partys leader . In the 1994 European Parliament election won 3.2% of the vote and three MEPs , its best result as a joint party . In 1995 the Greens were a founding member of The Olive Tree coalition and in the 1996 general election , thanks to this alliance and several candidates in single-seat constituencies , they obtained 14 deputies and 14 senators , their highest number ever . Following the election , the Greens the centre-left governments led by Romano Prodi , Massimo DAlema and Giuliano Amato . Ronchi was minister of the Environment ( 1996–2000 ) and Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio minister of Agriculture ( 2000–2001 ) . Since 1996 the party however started a slow decline . Some of its leading members left : Rutelli ( who was re-elected mayor of Rome ) in 1997 and Ripa di Meana in 1998 . The party also suffered the competition of several centre-left parties , some of them new as The Democrats , of which Rutelli was a founding member . In the 1999 European Parliament election the Greens were reduced to 1.8% and two MEPs , prompting the resignation of Luigi Manconi , who had led the party since 1996 . The party was thus re-organised under Grazia Francescato , a former president of the Italys section of the World Wide Fund for Nature ( WWF ) . At the 2001 general election the Greens formed a joint list with the Italian Democratic Socialists ( SDI ) : The Sunflower . The combination scored 2.2% , thus failing to surpass the 4% threshold . The Greens elected seven deputies and ten senators in single-member constituencies , as part of The Olive Tree coalition . Shift to the far left . After the alliance with the SDI , a relatively centrist party , the Greens shifted far to the left , prompting the exit of leading members as Ronchi , Mattioli , Scalia , Corleone and Manconi . The Greens were since part of the so-called radical left , along with the Communist Refoundation Party ( PRC ) and the Party of Italian Communists ( PdCI ) . At the 2004 European Parliament election the Greens obtained 2.5% of the vote and two MEPs . In February 2005 the Greens joined The Union , the new successor alliance to The Olive Tree , with party secretary Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio receiving 2.2% of the vote in the open primary election for the coalitions leader . At the 2006 general election the party was part of the winning coalition The Union , and scored 2.1% , obtained 15 seats in the Chamber of Deputies . The Together with the Union list , an alliance of Greens , Communists and Consumers polled 4.2% in the election for the Senate , electing 11 senators , 5 of whom were Greens . In 2006–2008 Pecoraro Scanio served as minister of the Environment , while Paolo Cento , national coordinator of the party and leader of the no global faction , was undersecretary of Economy and Finances . In November 2006 Pecoraro Scanios political line was confirmed in a party congress , but the Greens also tried to re-open the doors to all former members . The attempt of re-uniting the Italian Greens failed as soon as in January 2007 , when Mattioli , Scalia and Corleone finally left the party again , citing that it was drifting too much the far left , and announced their intention to participate to the foundation of the Democratic Party ( PD ) . Within the PD , they joined the Democratic Ecologists faction , which already included several former Greens ( Manconi , Ronchi , Lino De Benetti , Stefano Semenzato , Ermete Realacci , Gianni Vernetti , Franco Piro , Francesco Ferrante , Carla Rocchi , etc. ) . As a result , Legambiente , the largest environmentalist association of Italy , showed more support for the PD than the Greens themselves . Out of Parliament . In the run-up of the 2008 general election , the Greens participated in the foundation of The Left – The Rainbow electoral list with the PRC , the PdCI and Democratic Left ( SD ) . The coalition obtained just 3.1% of the vote and the Greens lost their parliamentary representation . In the summer of 2008 Grazia Francescato , who had been leader before , represented the partys establishment and in the event was supported by Centos left-wing , was elected at the helm of the party , by defeating two modernizers , Marco Boato and Fabio Roggiolani . For the 2009 election the Greens formed a joint list with the Movement for the Left ( MpS ) – a moderate split from the PRC – , the Socialist Party ( PS ) – successor of the SDI – , SD and Unite the Left ( UlS ) : Left and Freedom ( SL ) . The list received just 3.1% of the vote and failed to return any MEPs . After the election , it was decided to transform SL into a permanent federation , that would eventually evolve into the joint party named Left Ecology Freedom ( SEL ) , and Francescato wanted the Greens to join it . However , during a party congress in October 2009 the party rejected the proposal by narrowly electing Angelo Bonelli , candidate of the liberal faction led by Boato , instead of Francescatos candidate , Loredana De Petris . After his election , which marked the end of the dominance of the internal left wing over the party , Bonelli announced that the party will pursue an independent course from SL , and will try to coalesce a new ecologist constituent assembly on the model of the French Europe Écologie . Francescato , De Petris and Cento continued to support SL as the Ecologists Association and would eventually leave the Greens . New coalitions . In September 2010 the Greens launched a Ecologist Constituent Assembly . In Bonellis view the new political force would take inspiration both from the French Verts and the German Grünen and would be open to the contribution of movements and associations , notably including Beppe Grillos Five Star Movement ( M5S ) . Other than the Greens , participants of the new political force included , among others , Massimo Scalia ( a former leading Green ) , Bruno Mellano ( president of the Italian Radicals ) , movie maker Mario Monicelli , writer Dacia Maraini , geologist Mario Tozzi and comedian Giobbe Covatta . As a result , in November 2011 the Ecologists and Civic Networks ( Ecologisti e Reti Civiche , ERC ) coalition was officially launched , but it would be just a short-lived experiment . In 2012 Bonelli stood as candidate for mayor of Taranto , garnering 11.9% of the vote . In the 2013 general election the Greens were part of the Civil Revolution coalition , which obtained a mere 2.2% of the vote and no seats . In May the ERC was disbanded and in November , during a party congress , Luana Zanella was elected to serve as co-spokesperson along with Bonelli . The Greens contested the 2014 European Parliament election with Green Italy ( GI ) , a green party established in 2013 and led by Monica Frassoni and Fabio Granata , within the joint list Green Italy – European Greens . The electoral list received 0.9% of the vote and did not return any MEPs . In January 2015 senator Bartolomeo Pepe , a former member of the M5S , joined the party , giving it parliamentary representation after seven years . In June another former senator of the M5S , Paola De Pin , joined the Greens and sat with senator Pepe within the Great Autonomies and Freedom group . Both Pepe and De Pin would soon leave the party . Another former M5S senator , Cristina De Pietro , would join the Greens in November 2016 and leave next year . In November 2015 , during a party congress , Covatta was elected spokesperson , succeeding to Bonelli and Zanella . However , Covattas role was soon transformed into that of a testimonial . In February 2017 the party appointed Bonelli and Fiorella Zabatta to serve as day-to-day coordinators and Zanella as international secretary . Later that year , the coordinators were three : Bonelli , Zanella and , representing the partys minority , Gianluca Carrabs . Return to the centre-left . In December 2017 , in an internal referendum , 73% of Green members voted in favour of their partys return to the moderate centre-left coalition led by the PD . Consequently , the Greens formed , along with the Italian Socialist Party and Civic Area , the Together electoral list for the 2018 general election . When the results came in , the list had obtained a mere 0.6% of the vote and no seats ; additionally , no Green was elected in single-seat constituencies . After the election , Bonelli resigned from the executive and the remaining two coordinators , Zanella and Carrabs , led the transition . In December 2018 , during a party congress , Matteo Badiali and Elena Grandi , supported by Bonelli and Zanella , were elected co-spokespersons of the party . In the run-up to the 2019 European Parliament election the party formed a joint list with Italy in Common ( IiC ) and GI . The alliance was reinforced by Marco Affronte , who had been elected with the M5S in 2014 and had joined as an independent the Greens–European Free Alliance group and the European Green Party , and eventually announced on Facebook that he had joined the FdV . However , IiC soon left the Greens in order to form an alternative alliance with More Europe , a liberal party . The list received 2.3% of the vote , quite an improvement from 2014 , but still not enough to exceed the 4% threshold . In the 2020 Italian regional elections a re-edition of Green Europe won seats in Emilia-Romagna , Veneto , Marche and Campania . Together with the seat won in Trentino in 2018 , the Greens had a total of 5 seats in Regional Councils , their best result in terms of representation in a decade . In March 2021 Rossella Muroni ( GI ) left the Free and Equal group in order to establish , along with Lorenzo Fioramonti ( GI , former M5S ) , Alessandro Fusacchia ( Italian Radicals , former +Eu ) , Andrea Cecconi ( ex-M5S ) and Antonio Lombardo ( ex-M5S ) , a sub-group of the FdV within the Mixed Group instead . Popular support . In their history the Greens were never able to reach the electoral success of many green parties all around Europe . They have a stable share of vote around 2% and experienced a slight decline in the last decade . Their characterization as party of the far left did not help them in Northern Italy , where they had their best results at the beginning ( for instance 7.1% in the 1990 Venetian regional election ) . The Greens are stronger in cities and urban areas ( Milan , Venice , Rome , Naples , etc. ) , in northern mountain regions , such as Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol ( especially in South Tyrol , where they are organised in the local Greens , a broader left-wing party ) and Aosta Valley ( where the local section , the Alternative Greens , were merged into Autonomy Liberty Participation Ecology in 2010 ) , and in some southern regions , such as Basilicata and Campania . Leadership . The party was successively led by spokespersons , presidents and coordinators . Bold indicates the real leader/s of the time . - Spokesperson : Gianni Francesco Mattioli ( 1991–1993 ) , Carlo Ripa di Meana ( 1993–1996 ) , Luigi Manconi ( 1996–1999 ) , Grazia Francescato ( 2008–2009 ) , Angelo Bonelli / Luana Zanella ( 2013–2015 ) , Giobbe Covatta ( 2015–2017 ) , Matteo Badiali / Elena Grandi ( 2018–present ) - President : Grazia Francescato ( 1999–2001 ) , Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio ( 2001–2008 ) , Angelo Bonelli ( 2009–2013 ) - Coordinator of the Executive : Angelo Bonelli ( 2001–2004 ) , Paolo Cento ( 2004–2006 ) , Massimo Fundarò ( 2006–2009 ) , Angelo Bonelli / Fiorella Zabatta ( 2017 ) , Angelo Bonelli / Luana Zanella / Gianluca Carrabs ( 2017–2018 ) , Luana Zanella / Gianluca Carrabs ( 2018 ) , Angelo Bonelli ( 2019–present ) - President of the Federal Council : Franco Corleone ( 1993–1997 ) , Massimo Scalia ( 1997–1999 ) - Party Leader in the Chamber of Deputies : Gianni Francesco Mattioli ( 1987–1989 ) , Laura Cima ( 1989–1991 ) , Massimo Scalia ( 1991–1992 ) , Francesco Rutelli ( 1992–1993 ) , Gianni Francesco Mattioli ( 1993–1994 , deputy-leader of the PDS group in 1994–1996 ) , Anna Maria Procacci ( 1996–2001 ) , Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio ( 2001–2006 ) , Angelo Bonelli ( 2006–2008 ) - Party Leader in the Senate : Marco Boato ( 1987–1992 ) , Carla Rocchi ( 1992–1994 ) , Edo Ronchi ( 1994–1996 ) , Maurizio Pieroni ( 1996–2001 ) , Stefano Boco ( 2001–2006 ) , Natale Ripamonti ( deputy-leader of the PdCI–Green group , 2006–2008 ) - Party Leader in the European Parliament : Alexander Langer ( 1989–1994 ) , Gianni Tamino ( 1994–1999 ) , Giorgio Celli ( 1999–2004 ) , Monica Frassoni ( 2004–2009 ) External links . - Official website