Martin Heinrich Klaproth became a member of what organization or association in 1795?
Martin Heinrich Klaproth Martin Heinrich Klaproth ( 1 December 1743 – 1 January 1817 ) was a German chemist . He trained and worked for much of his life as an apothecary , moving in later life to the university . His shop became the second-largest apothecary in Berlin , and the most productive artisanal chemical research center in Europe . Klaproth was a major systematizer of analytical chemistry , and an independent inventor of gravimetric analysis . His attention to detail and refusal to ignore discrepancies in results led to improvements in the use of apparatus . He was a major figure in understanding the composition of minerals and characterizing the elements . Klaproth discovered uranium ( 1789 ) and zirconium ( 1789 ) . He was also involved in the discovery or co-discovery of titanium ( 1792 ) , strontium ( 1793 ) , cerium ( 1803 ) , and chromium ( 1797 ) and confirmed the previous discoveries of tellurium ( 1798 ) and beryllium ( 1798 ) . Klaproth was a member and director of the Berlin Academy of Sciences . He was recognized internationally as a member of the Royal Society in London , the Institut de France , and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . Career . Klaproth was born in Wernigerode . He was the son of a tailor , and attended the Latin school at Wernigerode for four years . For much of his life he followed the profession of apothecary . In 1759 , when he was 16 years old , he apprenticed at Quedlinburg . In 1764 , he became a journeyman . He trained in pharmacies at Quedlinburg ( 1759–1766 ) ; Hanover ( 1766–1768 , with August Hermann Brande ) ; Berlin ( 1768 ) ; and Danzig ( 1770 ) . In 1771 , Klaproth returned to Berlin to work for Valentin Rose the Elder as manager of his business . Following Roses death , Klaproth passed the required examinations to become senior manager . Following his marriage in 1780 , he was able to buy his own establishment , the Apotheke zum Baren . Between 1782 and 1800 , Klaproth published 84 papers based on researches carried out in the Apothekes laboratory . His shop was the most productive site of artisanal chemistry investigations in Europe at that time . Beginning in 1782 , he was the assessor of pharmacy for the examining board of the Ober-Collegium Medicum . In 1787 Klaproth was appointed lecturer in chemistry to the Prussian Royal Artillery . In 1788 , Klaproth became an unsalaried member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences . In 1800 , he became the salaried director of the Berlin Academy of Sciences . He sold the apothecary and moved to the academy , where he convinced the university to build a new laboratory . Upon completion in 1802 , Klaproth moved the equipment from his apothecary laboratory into the new building . When the University of Berlin was founded in 1810 he was selected to be the professor of chemistry . He died in Berlin on New Years Day in 1817 . Contributions . An exact and conscientious worker , Klaproth did much to improve and systematise the processes of analytical chemistry and mineralogy . His appreciation of the value of quantitative methods led him to become one of the earliest adherents of the Lavoisierian doctrines outside France . Klaproth was the first to discover uranium , identifying it first in torbernite but doing the majority of his research on it with the mineral pitchblende . On 24 September 1789 he announced his discovery to the Royal Prussian Academy of sciences in Berlin . He also discovered zirconium in 1789 , separating it in the form of its ‘earth’ zirconia , oxide ZrO2 . Klaproth analyzed a brightly-colored form of the mineral called hyacinth from Ceylon . He gave the new element the name zirconium based on its Persian name zargun , gold-colored . Klaproth characterised uranium and zirconium as distinct elements , though he did not obtain any of them in the pure metallic state . Klaproth independently discovered cerium ( 1803 ) , a rare earth element , around the same time as Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger , in the winter of 1803 . William Gregor of Cornwall was the first to identify the element titanium in 1791 , correctly concluding that he had found a new element in the ore ilmenite from the Menachan valley . He proposed the name menachanite , but his discovery attracted little attention . Klaproth verified the presence of an oxide of an unknown element in the ore rutile from Hungary in 1795 . Klaproth suggested the name titanium . It was later determined that menachanite and titanium were the same element , from two different minerals , and Klaproths name was adopted . Klaproth clarified the composition of numerous substances until then imperfectly known , including compounds of then newly recognised elements tellurium , strontium and chromium . Chromium was discovered in 1797 by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin and independently discovered in 1798 by Klaproth and by Tobias Lowitz , in a mineral from the Ural mountains . Klaproth confirmed chromiums independent status as an element . The existence of tellurium was first suggested in 1783 by Franz-Joseph Mueller von Reichenstein , an Austrian mining engineer who was examining Transylvanian gold samples . Tellurium was also discovered independently by Hungarian Pál Kitaibel in 1789 . Mueller sent some of his mineral to Klaproth in 1796 . Klaproth isolated the new substance and confirmed the identification of the new element tellurium in 1798 . He credited Mueller as its discoverer , and suggested that the heavy metal be named tellus , Latin for earth . In 1790 Adair Crawford and William Cruickshank determined that the mineral strontianite , found near Strontian in Scotland , was different from barium-based minerals . Klapworth was one of several scientists involved in the characterization of strontium compounds and minerals . Klaproth , Thomas Charles Hope , and Richard Kirwan independently studied and reported on the properties of strontianite , the preparation of compounds of strontium , and their differentiation from those of barium . In September 1793 , Klaproth published on the separation of strontium from barium , and in 1794 on the preparation of strontium oxide and strontium hydroxide . In 1808 , Humphry Davy became the first to successfully isolate the pure element . Louis Nicolas Vauquelin reported the existence of a new element common to emerald and beryl in 1798 , and suggested that it be named glucine . Klaproth confirmed the presence of a new element , and became involved in a lengthy and ongoing debate over its name by suggesting beryllia . The element was first isolated in 1828 , independently by Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy . Only in 1949 did IUPAC rule exclusively in favor of the name beryllium . Klaproth published extensively , collecting over 200 papers by himself in Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntnis der Mineralkörper ( 5 vols. , 1795–1810 ) and Chemische Abhandlungen gemischten Inhalts ( 1815 ) . He also published a Chemisches Wörterbuch ( 1807–1810 ) , and edited a revised edition of F . A . C . Grens Handbuch der Chemie ( 1806 ) . Klaproth became a foreign member of the Royal Society of London in 1795 , and a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1804 . He also belonged to the Institut de France . The crater Klaproth on the Moon is named after him . His son Julius was a famous orientalist . Works . - Beiträge Zur Chemischen Kenntniss Der Mineralkörper . Vol . 1–5 . Rottmann , Berlin 1795–1810 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf - Chemisches Wörterbuch . Vol . 1–9 . Voss , Berlin 1807–1819 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf - Chemische Abhandlungen gemischten Inhalts . Nicolai , Berlin [ u . a. ] 1815 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf Bibliography . - Publication list of Klaproth