What was the name of the employer Carol L. Boggs work for from 1978 to 1980?
Carol L . Boggs Carol Linda Boggs ( born April 11 , 1952 ) is an American biologist specializing in the reproductive biology , population biology , ecology , and evolution of butterflies . Boggs completed her BA in 1973 and her PhD in 1979 in zoology at the University of Texas at Austin . Since 2013 , she has been a professor in the School of the Earth , Ocean and Environment and the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of South Carolina . Boggs is the author of more than 120 peer-reviewed articles and has served on editorial boards for several journals . She has been a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science since 2001 . Career . Boggs was a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford University from 1980 to 1985 . Shortly after , Stanford hired her as a lecturer and consulting assistant professor in the Department of Biological Sciences ( 1986-1997 ) . She was promoted to associate professor ( teaching ) ( 1997–2002 ) , consulting professor ( 2002–2006 ) , and finally , professor ( teaching ) ( 2006–2012 ) . In parallel with these appointments , she was also a senior research scientist with Stanford University ( 1994–2006 ) . Boggs also held administrative appointments at Stanford University such as the associate director ( 1994–1995 ) and director ( 1995–2006 ) of the Center for Conservation Biology , and the Bing Director for the Program in Human Biology ( 2006–2012 ) . In 2013 , Boggs moved to the University of South Carolina where she was hired as the director of the School of the Earth , Ocean and Environment ( 2013–2018 ) and as a professor in the School of the Earth , Ocean and Environment and the Department of Biological Sciences ( 2013–present ) . Boggs has served on several editorial boards , either as a founding member or as an associate editor , for journals including Functional Ecology , Ecological Applications , Evolution , and the Journal of Insect Conservation . She has also worked with the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory ( RMBL ) , serving on the board of trustees as a member for more than 13 years and as the president for 6 years . She has been a senior researcher with the RMBL since 1978 . Research and contributions . Boggs early research as a PhD student was influenced by her supervisor who studied neotropical butterflies in Costa Rica and Trinidad . Gilbert was trained by another butterfly biologist , Paul R . Ehrlich , who specializes in population ecology and whom Boggs would eventually collaborate with at Stanford University in later years . Boggs early work focused mainly on the reproductive biology , sexual selection , and resource allocation of butterflies . For instance , she was the first to show that male butterflies can donate nutrients to future offspring . Her articles on the subject of male nuptial gifts opened up a new research arena and remains some of her most highly cited work to date . Later , Boggs research continued with her work on both lab-reared colonies ( e.g. , Colias eurytheme ) and natural populations ( e.g. , Euphydryas editha ) of butterflies . She has also done long-term studies on temperate montane species at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory , including the locally introduced Gillettes checkerspot ( Euphydryas gillettii ) and the Mormon fritillary ( Speyeria mormonia ) . Her research on S . mormonia in particular led to significant advancements in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying insect life history traits through the integration of knowledge on nutrient resource allocation . Boggs research on S . mormonia in the Colorado Rocky Mountains garnered media interest in 2013 when she used over two decades of long-term data to show how climate change can affect pollinator populations , raising awareness of this important issue . She showed that a single climate driver , early snow melt , affected S . mormonia population dynamics in indirect and direct ways . First , earlier snow melts led to situations where developing nectar flowers were decimated by early season frost events . For S . mormonia , this meant increased competition for nectar and therefore fewer eggs laid at the end of the season . In the following year after the eggs overwintered , early snow melts and early season frost events impacted the population once again , but this time directly through mortality of post-diapause caterpillars . Combined , the effects of early snow melt in two consecutive years explained as much as 84% of the variation in the population growth rate . In a New York Times interview , her co-author on the paper , David W . Inouye , stated that , It is very unusual for research to uncover such a simple mechanism that can explain almost all of the variation in growth rate of an insect population . At the time the article was published , very few studies existed that illustrated the mechanisms whereby climate change can affect species life history traits and fitness . Overall , Boggs work has mainly focused on determining how environmental variation affects individuals , populations , and species interactions . Honors and awards . Boggs became a fellow of the California Academy of Sciences in 2000 and the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2001 . She also served as the Stanford Friends University fellow in Undergraduate Education ( 2010–2012 ) . In 2012 , Boggs was awarded the Lloyd W . Dinkelspiel Award for Distinctive Contributions to Undergraduate Teaching at Stanford University . Selected publications . Books . - Boggs , C . L. ; Watt , W . B . & Ehrlich , P . R. , eds . ( 2003 ) . Butterflies : Ecology and Evolution Taking Flight . University of Chicago Press . 736 pp . Selected papers . - Boggs , C . L . & Gilbert , L . E . ( 1979 ) . Male contribution to egg production in butterflies : Evidence for transfer of nutrients at mating . Science . 206 : 83–84 . - McLaughlin , J . F. ; Hellmann , J. ; Boggs , C . L . & Ehrlich , P . R . ( 2002 ) . Climate change hastens population extinctions . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 99 : 6070–6074 . - Fleishman , E. ; Ray , C. ; Sjögren-Gulve , P. ; Boggs , C . L . & Murphy , D . D . ( 2002 ) . Assessing the relative roles of patch quality , area , and isolation in predicting metapopulation dynamics . Conservation Biology . 16 : 706–716 . - Morris , W . F. ; Pfister , C . A. ; Tuljapurkar , S. ; Haridas , C . V. ; Boggs , C . L. ; Boyce , M . S. ; Bruna , E . M. ; Church , D . R. ; Coulson , T. ; Doak , D . F. ; Forsyth , S. ; Gaillard , J-M. ; Horvitz , C . C. ; Kalisz , S. ; Kendall , B . E. ; Knight , T . M. ; Lee , C . T . & Menges , E . S . ( 2008 ) . Longevity can buffer plant and animal populations against changing climatic uncertainty . Ecology . 89 : 19–25 . - Chan , K . M . A. ; Pringle , R . M. ; Ranganathan , J. ; Boggs , C . L. ; Chan , Y . E. ; Ehrlich , P . R. ; Haff , P. ; Heller , N . E. ; Al-Khafaji , K . & MacMynowski , D . ( 2007 ) . When Agendas Collide : Human Welfare and Biological Conservation . Conservation Biology . 21 : 59–68 . - Boggs , C . L . ( 1990 ) . A general model of the role of male-donated nutrients in female insects reproduction . American Naturalist . 136 : 598–617 . - Boggs , C . L . & Ross , C . L . ( 1993 ) . The effect of adult food limitation on life history traits in Speyeria mormonia ( Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae ) . Ecology . 74 : 433–441 . - Boggs , C . L . ( 1981 ) . Nutritional and life history determinants of resource allocation in holometabolous insects . American Naturalist . 117 : 692–709 . - Dunlap-Pianka , H. ; Boggs , C . L . & Gilbert , L . E . ( 1977 ) . Ovarian dynamics in heliconiine butterflies : Programmed senescence versus eternal youth . Science . 197 : 487–490 . External links . - Faculty website