Éliane Brault became a member of what organization or association in 1948?
Éliane Brault Éliane Brault ( 18 September 1895 , Paris—25 August 1982 , Paris ) was a French Resistance member , a political personality and a French journalist , also known for her commitment to feminism and her involvement in Freemasonry , especially within the Universal Mixed Grand Lodge , of which she was the first Grand Mistress . Biography . Éliane Brault was born in the 9th arrondissement of Paris to a rich family . Her father , Élie-Simon Alexandre Brault ( 1868–1898 ) , was a lawyer at the Court of Appeal of Paris and also a doctor at Hôpital Saint-Louis . Hed just completed his month as an aide-major in the south when he caught typhoid fever by treating soldiers from the 22nd Chasseurs Alpins Battalion ; he died a month later , a victime du devoir professionnel ( victim of professional duty ) , at the age of thirty-one . Her mother , Isabelle Moses ( 1867–1942 ) , was born in Lima to a Jewish Peruvian middle-class family that had converted to Catholicism . During World War I , she married her childhood friend , Jean Sabourdin ( 1890–1918 ) , who died in the front . It was in 1917 , with Sabourdin , that she gave birth to her first son , Roger Sabourdin . She remarried in 1923 ; this time , she married a lawyer , Louis Gallié ( 1883–1974 ) , with whom she had her second son , Alexandre Brault Gallié ( 1925–1971 ) . In 1933 , Éliane Brault and Louis Gallié divorced . On top of her political and Masonic commitments , Éliane Brault showed an interest in the cause of childhood and adolescence throughout her life ; she was Deputy Director of the School of Rehabilitation in Clermont , Oise , in 1936 , inspector of a number of institutions in 1937 , Secretary General of the Higher Council for Children and , a member of the Higher Council of Assistance publique ( public assistance ) . In 1938 , she published her recommendations in the Revue dhygiène et de médecine sociale ( the Journal of Hygiene and Social Medicine ) . Radical Party . Her second husband , Louis Gallié , and Émile Borel , a pacifist , introduced her to the Radical Party , which she went on to join in 1925 . She was committed to her work with the party , which she did largely with Marcelle Kraemer-Bach , a lawyer and member of the French Union for Womens Suffrage . She worked as a speaker and journalist for the papers Le Radical , La France radical , Le Républicain jacobin and L’Ère nouvelle . She was a member of the journalists union and , through her articles and speeches , expressed her expectation of a society where the principles of freedom as well as equality of rights and labour are applied indistinctly . She had recognised expertise and she was one of the five women members of the partys bureau before 1940 . She was elected in 1933—an election which was considered a feminist success against her opponents within the party . She worked towards a policy of social works and solidarity . In 1934 , amidst political crisis and the rise of the extreme right , Éliane Brault started lAction démocratique des femmes ( the Democratic Action of Women ) and regularly marched in demonstrations in support of the Republic . In 1935 , she founded la Fédération des femmes radicale ( the Federation of Radical Women ) , of which she became president . After a trip to the Soviet Union , she became interested in the Soviet regimes position on women and children . It was because of this interest that she became closer to the Communist Party . The 1936 elections were a success for her and left-wing politics in France as many radical and socialist members of the Popular Front won their elections . She was part of the fight against fascism , and openly supported the Spanish Republicans as well as the victims of fascism throughout Europe . With the fall of Léon Blums government in April 1938 , she joined the left-wing of the Radical Party . In 1939 , she used her influence to open the borders and welcome children who had to flee from , or were orphaned by , Francos regime . Free France . After Frances defeat in 1940 and the establishment of the Vichy regime , which excluded Jews and Freemasons from public office , Éliane Brault was the subject of denunciation in the extreme right-wing newspaper , Je suis partout . Being an anti-fascist , Freemason and of Jewish descent , she was relieved of her duties 1 October 1940 . Due to having already made contact with the Resistance , she was arrested January 1941 , and imprisoned in Marseille in February of the same year . She managed to escape and fled to Algeria and , afterwards , Casablanca where the British would allow her to go to London . Upon arrival in London , she joined the Free French forces . She began organising a body of french doctors and nurses , taking command as a captain . With part of her group , she joined the 1st Free French Division in Beirut , where she remained at the disposal of command . She helped fighting the Nazi invasion of Russia and found the pilots of the Normandie-Niemen . In April 1944 , she returned to Algiers and followed the French corps in the Italian Campaign where , from General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny , she received authorisation to create a unit of liaison-relief intended to give first aid and bring essential aid to liberated populations and combat zones . After taking part in the Provence landings and the Battle of Alsace with her unit , she was summoned to assist in the perilous evacuation of Thann . She crossed the Rhine and stayed in the Black Forest until November 1945 . Postwar . At the end of the war , she resumed her duties at the Ministry of Public Health and Population . She received a certificate of higher administrative studies at École nationale dadministration , allowing her to work under the direction of the ministry until her retirement . She left the Radical Party and joined the French Section of the Workers International ( SFIO ) , where she committed herself to social work . She continued her political commitment to the Unified Socialist Party and worked with various left-wing movements , such as the MRAP , Association France-URSS ( France-USSR Association ) and , the International Womens Democratic Federation . In the forefront of the socialist movement , she gradually moved away from the party ; as she approached her retirement , she put an end to her political activities . However , she did continue her republican commitments , joining le Société des amis de lécole laïque ( the Society of Friends of the Secular School ) , and she devoted time to Association France-Israël . As soon as she retired , she invested herself mostly in Freemasonry . Freemasonry . Éliane Brault began her long Masonic career in the Masonry of Adoption at the Grande Loge de France . She was initiated 28 June 1927—thirty-two years old—at the adoption lounge , Union et Bienfaisance , then quickly became secretary . She also took part in the creation of Le Général Peigné in 1930 . She was made a Worshipful Master from 1934 until the start of the Second world war . Furthermore , she attended the lodges La Nouvelle Jérusalem ( the New Jerusalem ) and Minerve ( Minerva ) . In 1945 , she rejoined La Nouvelle Jérusalem within the Womens Grand Lodge of France . Later , she joined the Marie Bonnevial lodge at Le Droit Humain ( DH ) . As the DH does not recognise the Rite of Adoption , she agreed to be initiated with the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite . She was successive secretary-general and vice president of the national council and the grand inspector of the order until 1969 . Feeling her role in DH was too heavily constraining and looking for a less symbolist approach which , according to her , tends to move away from societal reflection , she founded the Universal Mixed Grand Lodge ( GLMU ) in 1973 , of which she became the first president , splitting from the other Freemasons . The GLMU worked with values close to those of the Grand Orient de France while being mixed . In 1980 , she founded the Supreme Conseil Mixte de France ( the Supreme Mixed Council of France ) which gradually accepted the Scottish Rite . During this period , she wrote several books on Freemasonry and participated in radio programs . End of life . Éliane Brault died 25 August 1982 , in Paris at the age of 86 . She was cremated , in accordance with her will , and her ashes were deposited in the Père Lachaise Cemetery . Awards . For her actions in World War II , she won the Escapees Medal and the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 . In 1936 , she was made Knight of the Legion of Honour and , in 1947 , she was promoted to the rank of Officer within the Legion . Family . Her son , Roger Sabourdin , married Gratienne Nada , daughter of René Nada ( Pathé Studios director ) , in 1938 at Notre-Dame-de-Lorette . The grooms witnesses were Marc Rucart and Paul Bastid ; the brides witnesses were Gratien Candace and Pierre Calvet , head of the film department of the Army . Publications . Éliane Brault published a number of books regarding the experiences and battles throughout her life . - À lombre de la croix gammée ( préf . Hassolt Davis ) , Le Caire , R . Schindler , 1943 - U.R.S.S. , terre inconnue , une Française revient de Russie , 1946 - La Franc-maçonnerie et lémancipation des femmes , 1953 - LÉpopée des A.F.A.T. , 1954 - Maria Deraismes , 1962 - Psychanalyse de linitiation maçonnique , 1965 - Le mystère du Chevalier de Ramsay , Prisme , 1973 Bibliography . - Françoise Moreillon and the CNHRM of the GLFF ( Catherine Jeannin-Nallet ) , Pionnières I : fille dÈve et de Marianne , Voix dinitiées , Conform Edition , no . 8 , 2015 ( ) - Gaujac , Paul . DES CORPS FÉMININS AUX AFAT : Afrique Du Nord 1943–1944.” Guerres Mondiales Et Conflits Contemporains , no . 198 , 2000 , pp . 109–122 . [ JSTOR ] .