What organization did Richard R. Ernst join in 1991?
Richard R . Ernst Richard Robert Ernst ( born 14 August 1933 ) is a Swiss physical chemist and Nobel Laureate . Ernst was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1991 for his contributions towards the development of Fourier transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy while at Varian Associates , Palo Alto and the subsequent development of multi-dimensional NMR techniques . These underpin applications to both to chemistry with NMR spectroscopy and to medicine with Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) . Early life and education . Richard R . Ernst was born in 1933 in Winterthur , Switzerland . The son of Robert Ernst and Irma Brunner , Ernst was the oldest of three children . Growing up he was interested in music playing the violoncello and even considering a career as a musical composer . At 13-years old , Ernst stumbled upon a box of chemicals belonging to his late uncle , a metallurgical engineer . Young Ernst conducted experiments and discovered his passion for Chemistry . He enrolled in the Eidgenossiche Technische Hochschule ( ETH ) in Zurich to study Chemistry and received his diploma in 1957 as a “Diplomierter Ingenieur Chemiker<nowiki></nowiki> . After a break to complete his military service , Ernst earned his Ph.D . in physical chemistry in 1962 from ETH Zurich . His dissertation was on nuclear magnetic resonance in the field of physical chemistry . Career . Ernst entered Varian Associates as a scientist in 1963 and invented Fourier transform NMR , noise decoupling , and a number of other methods . He returned to ETH Zurich in 1968 and became a lecturer . His career developed to Assistant Professor in 1970 , Associate Professor in 1972 . Since 1976 , Richard R . Ernst was Full Professor of Physical Chemistry . He led a research group dedicated to magnetic resonance spectroscopy , was the director of the Physical Chemistry Laboratory at the ETH Zurich . He developed two-dimensional NMR and several novel pulse techniques . He retired in 1998 . He participated in the development of medical magnetic resonance tomography , as well as the NMR structure determination of biopolymers in solution collaborating with Professor Kurt Wüthrich . He also participated in the study of intra-molecular dynamics . Awards and honours . Ernst is a foreign fellow of the Estonian Academy of Sciences ( elected 2002 ) , the US National Academy of Sciences , the Royal Academy of Sciences , London , the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina , the Russian Academy of Sciences , the Korean Academy of Science and Technology and Bangladesh Academy of Sciences . He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society ( ForMemRS ) in 1993 . He was awarded the John Gamble Kirkwood Medal in 1989 . The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991 was awarded to Richard R . Ernst for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) spectroscopy A strong proponent of Ernsts nomination was the long-time Danish colleague and member of the Nobel Committee Professor Børge Bak . He holds Honorary Doctorates from the Technical University of Munich , EPF Lausanne , University of Zurich , University Antwerpen , Babes-Bolyai University , and University Montpellier . Ernst is member of the World Knowledge Dialogue Scientific Board . Ernst was awarded the Marcel Benoist Prize in 1986 , the Wolf Prize for Chemistry in 1991 and Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize of Columbia University in 1991 . He was also awarded the Tadeus Reichstein Medal in 2000 and the Order of the Star of Romania in 2004 . The 2009 Bel Air Film Festival featured the world premiere of a documentary film on Ernst Science Plus Dharma Equals Social Responsibility . Produced by Carlo Burton , the film takes place in Ernsts hometown in Switzerland . Selected bibliography . - Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in One and Two Dimensions , Clarendon Press , 1987 - Richard R . Ernst : Nobelpreisträger aus Winterthur , Hier und Jetzt , Baden 2020 - Alois Feusi : Richard Ernst : Der Selbstzweifler , dem der Nobelpreis peinlich war . Summary of his autobiography . Neue Zürcher Zeitung , 21 May 2020 . Retrieved 22 May 2020