King Saud University
Muhammad Rizieq Shihab went to which school in Dec 1995?
Muhammad Rizieq Shihab Muhammad Rizieq Shihab ( , ; also known as Habib Rizieq ; born 24 August 1965 ) is an Indonesian hardline Islamist scholar , the founder and leader of the Islamist group Islamic Defenders Front ( , abbreviated as FPI ) , which was banned by the government in December 2020 . Facing criminal charges in Indonesia , he lived in Riyadh , Saudi Arabia from 2017 to November 2020 . Following his return to Indonesia , he was arrested in late 2020 , accused of criminal incitement for holding crowded events that violated coronavirus health protocols . Biography . Early life . Rizieq was born in Jakarta on 24 August 1965 to Husein bin Shihab and Syarifah Sidah Alatas . Both his parents were Arab Indonesians of mixed Hadhrami and Betawi heritage . His father was Sayyid Husein bin Muhammad bin Husein bin Abdullah bin Husein bin Muhammad bin Shaikh bin Muhammad Shihab , born around 1920 , a cofounder of Pandu Arab Indonesia Movement , a boy scouts-like movement for Arab Indonesians founded with his friends in 1937 ( which later became PII or Islamic Scouting Organization of Indonesia. ) His father died in 1966 when Rizieq was 11 months old , and because of that Rizieq was not put in boarding school . At the age of 4 , he continued his education in the Quran at mosques . As a single parent , his mother worked as a tailor and bridal makeup artist . Education . After graduating from SDN 1 ( Public Elementary School No.1 ) Petamburan , Tanah Abang , Jakarta in 1975 , Rizieq commenced junior high school at SMP 40 ( Public Middle School No.40 ) in Pejompongan , Central Jakarta in 1976 . However , the school was too far from his home so he transferred to a closer school , Bethel Christian Middle School in Petamburan , and graduated in 1979 . He then attended SMAN 4 high school in Gambir , but graduated from the Islamic Village High School in Tangerang in 1982 . Furthermore , he took Arabic classes at LIPIA in Jakarta . Considered by neighbors to be a troublesome youth with a penchant for getting into fights , his family sent Rizieq to Saudi Arabia in 1990 to study at King Saud University , majoring in Usul al-fiqh and Education , which he completed in four years with Cum Laude . Rizieq took a graduate program at the International Islamic University Malaysia , but only for one year , after which he returned to Indonesia before finishing . This was because his scholarship funding was only adequate for him , not his whole family , to stay in Malaysia . Later , he was able to continue his education and earned an MA degree in Shariah from the same university in 2008 with a thesis titled Pengaruh Pancasila terhadap Pelaksanaan Syariat Islam di Indonesia ( The Influence of Pancasila on the Implementation of Islamic Laws in Indonesia ) . In 2012 , he returned to Malaysia and was admitted to a doctoral program in Dawah and Management program at Fakulti Kepemimpinan dan Pengurusan ( Faculty of Leadership and Administration ) at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia ( USIM ) , and started working on his dissertation titled مناهج التميز بين الأصول والفروع عند أهل السنة والجماعة ( The Distinction of Origins and Branches of Ahl Sunnah wa al-Jamaah ) under supervision of Prof . Dr . Kamaluddin Nurdin Marjuni and Dr . Ahmed Abdul Malek of Nigeria . Rizieq completed and earned his doctoral degree on 15 April 2021 while he was still in jail . Personal life . Rizieq is a Sayyid with his clan Shihab ( or Shihabuddin Aal bin Syech ) lineage tracing back to Imam Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib through Imam Ahmad al-Muhajir . Meanwhile , his wife is also of a Sayyid family from Aal bin Yahya . Rizieq and his family lived in Jakartas Tanah Abang market district until moving to Saudi Arabia in 2017 . They returned to Indonesia in November 2020 . To make ends meet , Rizieq owned and operated a small store selling perfume and Muslim goods . He is married to Fadlun bin Yahya and has seven children , who were all schooled at Jamiat Kheir . Career . Rizieq worked as a high school teacher for about one year in Saudi Arabia after he finished his undergraduate study , before returning to Indonesia in 1992 . In addition to giving religious lectures , Rizieq served as the principal of Madrasah Aliyah at Jamiat Kheir until 1996 . He also taught Fiqh or Usul al-Fiqh at the school after his period as principal . His organizational experience began when he joined Jamiat Kheir . He was a member of the Chamber of Shariah at BPRS At-Taqwa , Tangerang . Before becoming head of FPI , he chaired a number of Majelis Talim ( places where religious lectures take place ) around Jakarta suburbs . Rizieq declared the establishment of FPI on 17 August 1998 . FPI gained notoriety for the Ketapang incident , which occurred in Jakarta over 22-23 November 1998 , when about 200 FPI members attacked Ambonese Catholics , brutally killing 14 people . A number of residential houses and at least 13 churches were burned or attacked during the unrest . Rizieq was jailed for seven months in 2003 for inciting his young , white-shirted followers , who often would hide their faces bandit-style behind handkerchiefs , to attack nightspots in Jakarta with clubs and stones . On 5 October 2008 , Rizieq was jailed for one and half years due to a violent attack against the National Alliance for Freedom of Religion and Faith ( Aliansi Kebangsaan untuk Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan , AKKBB ) which was holding a demonstration at Monas on 5 June 2008 . Some 59 FPI members were arrested and 12 members of AKKBB were injured . Rizieq was the head of FPI from 1998 to 2003 , and since 2003 has chaired the groups Executive Board Tanfidz . He was elected Great Imam of FPI for life in 2013 . Views . As declared on his FPI website , Rizieq and FPIs stances regarding the ISIS are : 1 . The FPI remains steadfast in struggling to apply Shariah laws in the Homeland through within the guidelines of Shariah and the Constitution . 2 . The FPI remains a faithful supporter of the Islamic Jihad Movement around the world , in the fight against all forms of unjust global hegemony ( New Imperialism ) that stand against the establishment of the World Islamic Caliphate as referred in the Manhaj Nubuwwah ( The Prophets Way ) . 3 . The FPI strongly renounces all forms of warfare and sectarian violence in the name of Jihad among Muslims arising from differences in mazhab ( school of thoughts ) which are not fundamental issues in Islamic Theology ( ʿAqīdah ) . 4 . The FPI calls the whole Islamic Jihad movements to unite and work together in carrying out Shariah-based jihad without killing or mutilating civilians who are not involved in the war , whatever their Mazhab or religion is . 5 . The FPI supports the appeal and advice of the al-Qaeda Leader Ayman al-Zawahiri that all Jihad components of Al-Qaeda , either Muhammad al-Jawlanis forces in Syria and troops of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in Iraq , as well as other Jihad components of Al-Qaeda , to unite and in brotherhood with all other brothers of the Islamic Mujahideen around the world , to continue the Jihad in Syria , Iraq , Palestine and other oppressed Muslim countries . Rizieq said : In response to a controversial book with the title Mulia dengan Manhaj Salaf ( Being Noble with Manhaj Salaf ) written by Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas and published by the Pustaka At Taqwa , he says : I am concerned about the presence of this book . If we open the chapter thirteenth which is the last chapter , here the author mentions several firqahs ( sects ) considered as misguided ( considered as infidels ) and misleading , such as the list item number eight mentions Asharites , the list item number nine includes Maturidiyyah . The number fourteen or thirteen includes sufism , number fourteen includes Tablighis , number fifteen includes Muslim Brotherhood , number seventeen includes Hizbut Tahrir , and the list item number twenty-seventh includes Jaringan Islam Liberal ( JIL ) . So Ashari and Maturidi , which representing Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah , are included in the group along with the misguided JIL which in fact is misleading . Even with the ease he said that Tablighi and the Muslim Brotherhood also go astray . Is this not the sort of divisive race ? If the author wants to disseminate his own respective ideologies , that is up to him . If he believes his Aqidah is the correct Aqidah , that is his business . If he feels his opinion is the most correct opinion , that is also his own business . But if he claims other Muslims groups are infidels , he has no right . Such book divides people . If the author feels his Wahhabism doctrine is the most correct one and he is the pure , that is his right . He calls himself a follower of Salafi or in Indonesia known as the term Wahhabi . If he thinks he is the most holy , it is his right . If he thinks he is the most straight , that is also his right . But he has no right to call other fellow Muslim groups as gone astray , pagans or infidels . Moreover , the adherent Muslims of the Ashari and Maturidi have been around for over 1000 years as the representatives of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah , while the Wahhabism is just born yesterday ( recently ) , but yet continuously wants to call Asharites as infidels . Indeed , during this more than 1000 years who have been actually called as the ( truly ) Ahlus Sunnah ? For 1000 years Ashari and Maturidi have been the ones called Ahlus Sunnah . Wahhabism is not in the list . It has just emerged recently , but yet it wants to judge other Muslim sects who do not agree with it as misguided Muslims . He also stated that Indonesia , Malaysia and Brunei , as states with the large majority of the population are of Ashari must also have a law forbidding the spread of Wahhabism . He has been also accused by Wahhabi-affiliated news media as a Shiite , because he does not want to say that all Shia Muslims are led astray , although he also says that the spread of Shia should be limited or even forbidden . Israel-Palestinian conflict . Rizieq is an ardent supporter of Palestine in the decades-long conflict against Israeli occupation . In 2003 , he said he was recruiting jihadist troops to seize control of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem , saying , If we could send [ jihadist ] soldiers for Afghanistan , why not for Palestine ? He criticized Muslim nations for only uttering rhetoric to condemn Israel without making real sacrifices to protect their suffering fellow Muslims in Palestine . Rizieq and FPI have solicited donations to help Palestinians in the occupied territories and to provide financial support to groups intending to fight for Palestinian independence . Hostility against Ahmadiyyah . One of Rizieq Shihabs campaigns openly called for hostility against Ahmadis:We call on the Muslim community . Let us go to war with Ahmadiyyah ! Kill Ahmadiyyah wherever they are!.. . And , if they talk about human rights ? Human rights are satanic ! Human rights are crap!...If they want to know who is responsible for killing Ahmadiyyah , it is I ; it is FPI and others from the Muslim community who are responsible for killing Ahmadiyyah ! Say that Sobri Lubis ordered it , that Habib Rizieq and FPI ordered it ! Hostility against pluralism . In an article posted on official Islamic Defenders Front website titled True Mumin he wrote that muslims should reject pluralism , secularism , acceptance of LGBT , zina , pornography , and voting for non-muslim leaders even when its allowed by constitution . He wrote:True Mumin must reject secularism , pluralism , liberalism , LGBT , apostasy , heresy , shamanism , corruption , khamr , drugs , gambling , prostitution , adultery , pornography , pornoaction , injustice , tyranny , immorality , evilness , and leadership of a kafir over muslims , even when the constitution permits it because Quran and sunnah forbid it . Legal issues . - In 2003 , Rizieq insulted Indonesias National Police during a live interview with SCTV and TransTV . - In 2003 , Rizieq was sentenced to seven months in prison for disturbing public order by ordering the FPI to ransack and destroy several Jakarta nightlife venues . He served his sentence at Salemba Penitentiary . - In 2008 , Rizieq was imprisoned for one and a half years for assaulting members of the National Alliance for Freedom of Religion and Faith ( Aliansi Kebangsaan untuk Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan ) during their convention at National Monument square . - In 2009 , Rizieq insulted former president Abdurrahman Wahid during a live interview with TVOne . - In early November 2015 , Rizieq was reported for insulting Sundanese people by changing the Sundanese greeting of sampurasun to Campur Racun ( mix with poison ) . - As a supporter of former general Prabowo Subiantos failed campaigns in the 2014 Indonesian presidential election and 2019 Indonesian presidential election , Rizieq has been a vocal opponent of President Joko Widodo . In 2015 , Rizieq made a speech allegedly containing hate speech that insulted Jokowi . - In January 2017 , police declared Rizieq a suspect in a case of slander against Pancasila , Indonesias state ideology . - In January 2017 , the FPI called for the withdrawal of Indonesias rupiah banknotes , accusing Bank Indonesia of concealing the communist hammer-and-sickle symbol in the currency . The allegation was rejected , as the symbol is a rectoverso security feature showing Bank Indonesias logo . The FPI was accused of stirring public unrest , slandering Bank Indonesia and the government , and insulting the rupiah , the national currency being a state symbol and protected under law . - On 30 December 2020 , when the government disbanded FPI , authorities released a video showing Rizieq in 2014 pledging his and FPIs allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ( ISIS ) and support for an ISIS-style caliphate . The video , touted as proof of links to terror groups , was cited as one of reasons for FPIs disbandment . Self-imposed exile and return . On 26 April 2017 , Rizieq left Indonesia for Saudi Arabia on a visa to perform a minor pilgrimage ( umroh ) . His departure came after he was summoned by police as a witness for questioning over alleged pornography involving the exchange of graphic messages and nude photos with a woman named Firza Hussein . On 29 May 2017 , police named Shihab a suspect under the 2006 Anti-Pornography Act , a law he helped pass . Rizieq was also charged with insulting Indonesias Pancasila state ideology , which he had derisively called pantat ( buttocks ) . In September 2018 , the Indonesian Embassy in Saudi Arabia said Rizieq had overstayed his visa and lacked a valid permit to remain in the country . The statement came after he was reportedly questioned and detained by Saudi Arabian police because an ISIL flag was allegedly flown at his home . A month later , Saudi Arabias ambassador to Indonesia said Rizieq had not violated any laws in Saudi Arabia . In 2019 , Indonesian National Police dropped the two cases against Rizieq , citing a lack of evidence . In 29 December 2020 , Indonesian court overturned the police decision about the pornographic chat case , demanding the National Police to continue their investigation , and declaring that the decision to stop the investigation is unlawful . In December 2019 , Rizieq claimed the Indonesian government was preventing him from returning to Indonesia — a claim denied by the Indonesian ambassador to Saudi Arabia . On 10 November 2020 , Rizieq returned from Saudi Arabia . The Indonesian ambassador to Saudi Arabia said Shihab was deported for violating Saudi Arabias immigration law . Previously , Rizieq had threatened to sue anyone who accused him of breaking the immigration law . Post-return controversies . Ignoring government regulations on COVID-19 health protocols for social distancing , thousands of Rizieqs supporters went to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport to welcome him home on 10 November 2020 , creating traffic jams and delaying multiple flights . Many of his supporters did not wear masks . Rizieq called on the crowd to carry out a moral revolution . Rizieq reiterated his call for a moral revolution while addressing events that attracted crowds around his home in Jakartas Petamburan neighborhood , and also at Megamendung district in Bogor regency . On 14 November , Rizieq celebrated the marriage of his daughter in conjunction with a celebration of the Prophet Muhammads birthday , attracting a crowd of around 10,000 people who did not adhere to social distancing . On 16 November 2020 , Jakarta Police chief Nana Sudjana and West Java Police chief Rudy Sufahradi Novianti were fired for their failure to enforce COVID-19 health protocols . The Indonesian military , police and public order officials subsequently removed around 900 banners of Rizieq that been erected around Jakarta . Members of the public responded by sending floral congratulatory boards to Jakarta Military Headquarters . At least 80 people who attended the events held by Rizieq later tested positive to COVID-19 . Among the high-profile figures who tested positive for the virus after meeting Rizieq were Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan , Jakarta Deputy Governor Ahmad Riza Patria , and Depok mayoral candidate Muhammad Idris . Health authorities were concerned that Rizieqs gatherings were creating new clusters of COVID-19 and wanted to test him for the virus , but he refused to undergo a swab test . He later checked into Rumah Sakit UMMI in Bogor , West Java , claiming tiredness after a long journey after police said they may summon him over the gatherings . He sparked controversy by leaving the hospital from a back door . Shihab was swab-tested by MER-C , a human rights organization , which declined to reveal the result . Indonesias COVID-19 Task Force said that while Indonesian law protects the privacy of patients , the result of any swab test should be disclosed to the proper authorities in the interest of contact tracing . Later during his trial on the charge of refusing to be swab tested , the prosecutor stated that his test result is positive . On 2 December 2020 , Rizieq apologized for the crowds at four of his gatherings and said he would pay a Rp50 million fine imposed by the Jakarta administration . Jakarta Police had intended to question Rizieq and his son-in-law at 10:00am on 7 December 2020 . However , earlier that morning , Rizieq and members of his family were reportedly being driven at about 12:30am to attend a pre-dawn prayer meeting , escorted by two cars of bodyguards . A car with undercover police followed the group on Jakarta-Cikampek toll road and was allegedly boxed in by the vehicles of Rizieqs bodyguards , who then allegedly shot at the police and attacked them with sharp weapons . Police responded by shooting dead six of Rizieqs bodyguards , while four fled . Police alleged that Rizieqs guards had started the shootout by firing three shots at the officers . FPI said Rizieq was assaulted and shot at by unknown groups , and that six of its members were kidnapped by an unknown group . FPI secretary general Munarman denied the FPI members had been carrying guns or sharp weapons . Legislators and human rights activists called for an independent investigation into the killings . 2021 trial . Police on 10 December 2020 charged Rizieq with incitement of criminal acts and obstructing law enforcement for holding mass gatherings at Petamburan that breached COVID-19 health protocols . On 12 December , he was arrested and questioned by police , who said he would be detained for 20 days . On 30 December , the police announced that his detention would be extended until 1 February 2021 . Rizieq was to have gone on trial at East Jakarta District Court on 15 March 2021 for alleged violation of COVID-19 health protocols and refusing to be swab-tested , but the online hearing was postponed because a technical problem prevented the defendant from hearing the presiding judge . On 16 March , by which time the technical problem had been resolved , one of Rizieqs lawyers , Munarman , said the defense team would not participate in an online trial . He asked the team of lawyers to leave the courtroom . Rizieq , who was linked to the online trial via a live stream from the Criminal Investigation Unit of the National Police , joined the walkout , declaring he would not attend an online trial . On 19 March , the presiding judge , Suparman Nyompa , said Rizieqs request to be tried in person at East Jakarta District Court could not be granted because his presence would attract a large crowd of supporters . He said an online trial is of equal validity to a regular trial . After the prosecutor read out the indictment , Rizieq ignored questions from the judges and instead prayed and recited from the Quran . Following Rizieqs refusal to cooperate , the presiding judge on 23 March said that in order for the trial to run smoothly , it would be held offline . Publications . - Hancurkan Liberalisme , Tegakkan Syariat Islam ( Destroy Liberalism , Establish Islamic Sharia ) , 2011 . - Wawasan Kebangsaan Menuju NKRI Bersyariah ( National Insight towards the Sharia-based NKRI ) , 2012 . - Dialog FPI , Amar Maruf Nahi Munkar . - The collection of Salawat . Awards and honors . On 19 March 2009 , Habib Rizieq was crowned by the self-proclaimed Sultan Sulu Ismael Kiram II as the Grand Mufti of the Sultanate of Sulu with title Datu Paduka Maulana Syari Sulu ( DPMSS ) . External links . - FPI Website - Muhammad Rizieq Shihab profile