Shen Zemin
Who was Zhang Qinqiu 's spouse from 1925 to Nov 1933?
Zhang Qinqiu Zhang Qinqiu ( ; November 15 , 1904 – April 22 , 1968 ) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary , military commander , and politician . She was one of the first female members of the Communist Party of China , and one of the 28 Bolsheviks trained in Moscow . A high-ranking commander of the Fourth Front Army of the Chinese Red Army during the Long March , she is often considered the only woman general of the Red Army . After the founding of the Peoples Republic of China , she served as Deputy Minister of Textile Industry . She was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution and committed suicide in 1968 . Early life and education . On 15 November 1904 , Zhang Qinqiu was born to an affluent family in Shimen , Tongxiang , Zhejiang Province . She entered Hangzhou Girls Normal School ( now Hangzhou No . 14 High School ) in 1920 , before going to Shanghai for further education . In Shanghai she met the famous novelist Mao Dun ( Shen Yanbing ) , who was married to Zhangs elementary school classmate Kong Dezhi , and his younger brother Shen Zemin , one of the earliest members of the Communist Party of China ( CPC ) . In 1924 , Zhang entered the sociology department of the left-wing Shanghai University , where Shen Zemin was an instructor and the early Communist leader Qu Qiubai was the department head . Zhang joined the CPC in November 1924 , becoming one of the first female CPC members . She married Shen Zemin a year later . Under the leadership of Xiang Jingyu , Zhang and other women students established a night school for women workers in Shanghai , and organized a strike of silk workers in 1924 . She also recruited some of the workers into the CPC . In November 1925 , the CPC sent more than 100 party members , including Zhang Qinqiu , to study at Moscow Sun Yat-sen University in the Soviet Union . Shen Zemin joined her soon afterwards . In May 1926 , she gave birth to a daughter named Zhang Maya ( 张玛娅 ) . In Moscow , Zhang and Shen became members of the 28 Bolsheviks , which included future CPC leaders Wang Ming , Bo Gu , Zhang Wentian , and Yang Shangkun . She became proficient in Russian after two years of study , and worked as an interpreter for the CPC . She also worked in textile mills to learn production and management methods . Military career . In 1930 , Zhang and Shen returned to China , leaving their daughter in Moscow . In January 1931 , when Wang Ming became the leader of the CPC , Shen Zemin was elected to the 6th CPC Central Committee and appointed propaganda chief of the CPC . In 1931 , Shen and Zhang went to the Communist base in the border region of Hubei , Henan and Anhui ( E-Yu-Wan ) Provinces , which was under the leadership of Zhang Guotao . After being attacked by the 200,000-strong Kuomintang forces in the Encirclement Campaigns , the E-Yu-Wan Red Army decided to abandon the base and break out of the encirclement to Sichuan-Shaanxi region in the west . Shen Zemin , who suffered from lung disease , insisted on remaining at the base . He died in November 1933 . In November 1932 , Zhang Qinqiu was appointed Director of the General Political Department of the Fourth Front Army , the highest war-time position ever held by a woman in the Chinese Communist army . She is often called the only woman general of the Red Army . In March 1934 , Zhang was appointed Commander and Political Commissar of the Womens Independent Regiment of the Fourth Front Army , commanding 2,000 women soldiers . In 1935 , she joined the Long March under the command of Zhang Guotao . In 1936 , she married Chen Changhao , political commissar of the Fourth Front Army and another member of the 28 Bolsheviks . In October , 20,000 soldiers of the Fourth Front Army were split into the Western Route Army and arrived in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province . The Western Route Army was surrounded and defeated by the forces of the Ma clique then in control of Gansu . Zhang , who had just given birth to a baby who had to be abandoned , was captured and sent to the capital Nanjing . After the Xian Incident in December 1936 , the Kuomintang government and the Communist rebels suspended their civil war and formed the Second United Front to resist the Japanese invasion . Zhang was released and sent to Yanan , the de facto capital of the Communists . As more people arrived in Yanan from areas occupied by Japan , the Chinese Womens University was established and Zhang became its dean . Her husband Chen Changhao had in 1938 gone to the Soviet Union for medical treatment , where he later lived with a Russian woman . Zhang divorced Chen in 1943 , and married her third husband Su Jingguan , an army doctor . She was a member of the Womens Committee of the Central Committee of the CPC in the 1940s , and attended the Second International Federation of Democratic Women of 1948 in Budapest . Peoples Republic of China . After the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949 , Zhang was appointed Vice Minister of Textile Industry , partly because of her earlier experience of organizing textile workers in Shanghai in the 1920s . Her husband Su Jingguan ( died 1964 ) was appointed Vice Minister of Public Health . As a civilian , she did not receive a military rank when the Peoples Liberation Army first awarded them in 1955 , even though many of her former subordinates , including Chen Geng , Xu Shiyou , Hong Xuezhi , and Liu Huaqing , were awarded the rank of general or grand general . When the Cultural Revolution began in 1966 , Zhang and her family members were severely persecuted . In April 1968 , she committed suicide by jumping from the balcony of her office . Her ex-husband Chen Changhao also killed himself . In 1976 , her daughter Zhang Maya committed suicide by drug overdose . After the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976 , Zhang was posthumously rehabilitated . In June 1979 , Marshal Xu Xiangqian , her former comrade in the Fourth Front Army , held a memorial ceremony for her , which was attended by Li Xiannian , Wang Zhen , Yu Qiuli , Chen Xilian and Hu Yaobang .