University of Florida
Who did Gwendolen M. Carter work for from 1974 to 1984?
Gwendolen M . Carter Professor Gwendolen Margaret Carter ( 1906–1991 ) was a Canadian-American political scientist . She was one of the founders of African Studies in the United States , past president of the African Studies Association and was among the most widely known scholars of African affairs in the twentieth century . Biography . Carter was born in Hamilton , Ontario in 1906 . She contracted polio at home as a child , losing the use of her legs for life despite therapy and the care of her physician father . In 1929 , she completed her B.A . in history at the University of Toronto . In 1931 , she received a second B.A . from Somerville College , Oxford . At Oxford , she served as ceremonial mayoress for a day ( her uncle was the Mayor at the time ) and had a photograph taken as a memento ( See image at right ) . She returned to her hometown to teach at McMaster University until 1935 . Carter moved to the United States to undertake graduate study at Radcliffe College , where she completed her M.A . ( 1936 ) and Ph.D . ( 1938 ) in political science . From 1943 to 1964 , she taught political science at Smith College , holding the Sophia Smith chair there from 1961 . From 1944 to 1945 , she was an Office of Strategic Services ( OSS ) Research & Analysis Branch ( R&A ) analyst . In 1948 , she became a Naturalized US citizen . From 1964 to 1974 , she was Melville J . Herskovits Professor of African Affairs at Northwestern University . In 1965 , she was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . From 1974 to 1984 , Carter taught at Indiana University . From 1984 to 1987 , when she retired , she taught at the University of Florida . Through many years of her professional life , she maintained personal correspondence with leading figures such as Julius Nyerere , Seretse Khama , Gatsha Buthelezi , Steve Biko , and Helen Joseph . She was 84 years old when she died at her home in Orange City , Florida on February 20 , 1991 . Scholarship . Carters early work focused on European state governance , but her scholarship shifted to Africa after her first trip to South Africa in 1948 , which coincided with the election that brought the Nationalist government to power and introduced Apartheid . From that point on , she focused on the politics and economies of southern Africa during a career that spanned over forty years . Carters frequent research trips to South Africa resulted in many publications , several of which have become classics in both political science and African studies . Selected works . - The Politics of Inequality : South Africa Since 1948 . New York : Praeger . 1958 . ; - Independence for Africa . New York : Praeger . 1960 ; - South Africas Transkei : The Politics of Domestic Colonialism . Evanston : Northwestern University Press . 1967 ; - From Protest to Challenge : A Documentary History of African Politics in South Africa 1882-1964 . Karis , Thomas and Gwendolen M . Carter . 4 vols . Stanford , Calif. : Hoover Institution Press . 1972-1977 . - Southern Africa in crisis . Gwendolen M . Carter and Patrick OMeara ( eds. ) . Bloomington : Indiana University Press . 1977 . . - Which Way is South Africa Going ? Bloomington : Indiana University Press . 1980 . ; - International politics in Southern Africa . Gwendolen Margaret Carter and Patrick O . OMeara . 1982 . Bloomington : Indiana University Press . . - African independence : the first twenty-five years . Gwendolen M . Carter and Patrick O . OMeara ( eds. ) . 1985 . Bloomington : Indiana University Press . . Awards and honors . - In 1975 , after she left Northwestern , the faculty of the African Studies Program at the university honored her by publishing a book of essays . - Professor Carter was awarded the African Studies Associations Distinguished Africanist Award in 1984 . - The University of Florida Center for African Studies named its annual conference series in her honor in 1985 . - Carter , along with her colleague and co-editor of From Protest to Challenge.. . Professor Thomas G . Karis ( 1919-2017 ) , was ( in her case posthumously ) awarded the Order of the Companions of O.R . Tambo by the Republic of South Africa in 2014 . Legacy . Northwestern University offers a scholarship in her name ( along with that of Kofi Annan , former Secretary General of the United Nations ) . Smith College has an endowed position named in her honor ( currently held by David Newbury ) . External links . - Autobiography of Gwendolen M . Carter ( typescript available online ) . - Guide to the Gwendolen M . Carter Collection , University of Florida Smathers Libraries , Special and Area Studies Collections - Gwendolen M . Carter Papers , 1915-1991 ( Series 35/10 , Africana Manuscripts 10 ) . Northwestern University Archives . Evanston , Illinois . Finding aid . - Overview of the Gwendolen Margaret Carter interview summaries . Processed by Hoover Institution Archives Staff . Hoover Institution Archives , Stanford University . Finding aid in pdf format . - South African political materials : A catalogue of the Carter-Karis collection . Available snippet search format via Hathi Trust . Note that Center for Research Libraries members have full pdf format access available ( 835 scans split over 8 files ) . See catalog .