University of Helsinki
Where was Adelaida Lukanina educated in Nov 1869?
Adelaida Lukanina Adelaida N . Lukanina , née Rykacheva , later Paevskaia ( 1843-1908 ) was a Russian Empire medical doctor and chemist known for her chemical research and for being an early woman physician in the United States . Life . Lukanina was born in Russia and lived in rural Novgorod Oblast , a setting that influenced her later writing . She originally studied to be a teacher , but then began studies in chemistry with the goal of becoming a physician . Not much else is known about her early life . In collaboration with Aleksandr Borodin , a Russian composer and chemist , she discovered that albumen could be oxidized to produce urea and corrected Heinrich Limprichts incorrect elucidation of succinyl chlorides reaction with benzoin . During this time , she entered a marriage of convenience with a shopkeeper named Iulii Lukanin . After her chemical research , Lukanina became a political activist in the Russian Empire and was arrested , then moved to the Grand Duchy of Finland , also part of the Russian Empire , to attend the University of Helsinki in its first co-ed year , 1870 . In 1872 she moved to Zurich to attend the University of Zurich medical school . While in Switzerland she continued her political activism and sacrificed a future career in the Russian Empire to stay there , defying Tsar Aleksandr IIs orders for women to leave Switzerland or be banned from a career in medicine . In 1875 , she moved to the United States to finish medical school , having only a dissertation remaining in her M.D . requirements . Lukanina earned her M.D . from the Womans Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1876 and worked for a time at the New England Hospital for Women and Children , where she was known for her medical writing and her semi-autobiographical fiction . After her graduation , she returned to Europe and published a series telling stories from the United States in a liberal Saint Petersburg outlet . From 1877 to 1885 , she lived in Paris in exile , waiting to be cleared of suspicion by the Russian Empire government . While there , she continued to publish her fiction and translated for a living . Her notable works during this period include Liubushka ( 1878 ) , Olden-day Matters ( four parts , 1880-1887 ) , and Ward #103 ( 1879 ) . Liubushka and Olden-day Matters were semi-autobiographical expositions on rural life in Novgorod ; whereas Ward #103 told of Lukaninas experiences treating sex workers as a physician in Zurich . Lukanina returned to the Russian Empire in 1885 but was not allowed to practice medicine until 1892 , when cholera swept the western part of the Russian Empire and women physicians were pressed into service to treat rural villagers . She wrote of her experiences in Journey to the Cholera Epidemic ( 1902 ) , discussing the living situation of the peasants she treated . During the 1890s Lukanina married again , becoming Adelaida Paevskaia , but this marriage ended in 1894 or 1895 and she became a shopkeeper as well as a physician , hiring poor women whom she treated , taught , and housed . She died in 1908 after a long illness .