Marshall Clagett became a member of what organization or association in 1956?
Marshall Clagett Marshall Clagett ( January 23 , 1916 , Washington , D.C . – October 21 , 2005 , Princeton , New Jersey ) was an American historian of science who specialized in medieval science . John Murdoch describes him as a distinguished medievalist who was the last member of a triumvirate [ with Henry Guerlac and I . Bernard Cohen , who ] … established the history of science as a recognized discipline within American universities while Edward Grant ranks him among the greatest historians and scholars of the twentieth century . Career . Clagett began his undergraduate education in 1933 at the California Institute of Technology . In 1935 he transferred to George Washington University , there completing his bachelors degree and in 1937 his masters degree . He then studied history at Columbia University with Lynn Thorndike , receiving his Ph.D . in 1941 . After obtaining his degree he entered the US Navy as an ensign and , having served in the Pacific and on Okinawa , was discharged in 1946 with the rank of lieutenant commander . After one year at Columbia University as an instructor in history and the history of science , Clagett joined the University of Wisconsins Department of History of Science , eventually becoming Vilas Research Professor there . From 1959 to 1964 , he was also director of the Universitys Institute for Research in the Humanities . At Wisconsin he organized an influential conference on Critical Problems in the History of Science and edited the resulting seminal volume of papers . Clagett held two visiting appointments ( 1958–59 and 1963 ) at the School of Historical Studies of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton , New Jersey and in 1964 he was appointed permanently to the faculty of the School of Historical Studies . He wrote more than a dozen volumes on the history of science , many of them focusing on the role of mathematics in natural philosophy and on pure mathematics . Clagett became Professor Emeritus in 1986 , continued research and writing , completing three of the planned four volumes of Ancient Egyptian Science . Honors . He was honored with the following prizes : - 1960 , the Pfizer Award of the History of Science Society for his Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages ; - 1969 , the Charles Homer Haskins Medal of the Medieval Academy of America ; - 1980 , the George Sarton Medal of the History of Science Society ; - 1981 , the John Frederick Lewis Prize of the American Philosophical Society , and the Alexandre Koyré Medal of the International Academy of the History of Science , for his Archimedes in the Middle Ages ; - 1989 , the Lewis Prize again for Ancient Egyptian Science , Vol . I ; - 1995 , one of two newly created Giovanni Dondi dallOrologio European Prizes in the History of Science , Technology , and Industry , given in recognition of a lifetime of scholarship in the history of science ; - 1996 , the 35th annual International Galileo Galilei Prize , given by the Award Foundation of the Italian Rotary for outstanding contributions by a foreign scholar to the study and diffusion of Italian culture . A fellow of the Medieval Academy of America and past president of the History of Science Society , he was a member and former vice president of the American Philosophical Society . He was also a member of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Medizin , Naturwissenschaft und Technik , and the International Academy of the History of Science , which he served as vice president from 1968 to 1971 . Selected publications . - 1953 - Medieval Latin Translations from the Arabic of the Elements of Euclid , with Special Emphasis on the Versions of Adelard of Bath , Isis 44 : 16–42 . - 1955 - Greek Science in Antiquity . New York : Abelard-Schuman , 1955 , Revised edition , New York : Collier Books , 1963 . - 1959 - The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages . Madison , WI : University of Wisconsin Press . - 1959 - ( ed. ) Critical Problems in the History of Science . Madison , WI : University of Wisconsin Press . - 1959 - The Impact of Archimedes on Medieval Science , Isis 50 : 419–429 . Reprinted in The Scientific Enterprise in Antiquity and the Middle Ages , ed . Michael H . Shank , Chicago : University of Chicago Press , 2000 , pp . 337–347 . - 1961 - ( ed . with Gaines Post and Robert Reynolds ) Twelfth-Century Europe and the Foundations of Modern Society . Madison , WI : University of Wisconsin Press . - 1964-84 - Archimedes in the Middle Ages , 5 vols in 10 tomes . Madison , WI : University of Wisconsin Press , 1964 ; Philadelphia : American Philosophical Society , 1967–1984 . - 1968 - Nicole Oresme and the Medieval Geometry of Qualities and Motions . Madison , WI : University of Wisconsin Press . - 1989-99 - Ancient Egyptian Science : A Source Book , 3 vols . Philadelphia : American Philosophical Society .