Mayor of Lille
Pierre Mauroy took which position from Jul 1984 to Oct 1992?
Pierre Mauroy Pierre Mauroy ( ; 5 July 1928 – 7 June 2013 ) was a French Socialist politician who was Prime Minister of France from 1981 to 1984 under President François Mitterrand . Mauroy also served as Mayor of Lille from 1973 to 2001 . At the time of his death Mauroy was the emeritus mayor of the city of Lille . He died from complications of lung cancer on 7 June 2013 at the age of 84 . He is the namesake of Lilles new stadium , Stade Pierre-Mauroy . Biography . Background . Mauroy was born in Cartignies . A teacher , he led the Socialist Youth Movement and the Technical Teaching Union in the 1950s . He became a leading figure in the Socialist federation of Nord département , which was among the third biggest of the French Section of the Workers International ( SFIO ) party and climbed quickly in the party . In 1966 , he became the second most powerful person of the party behind the secretary general , Guy Mollet . Nevertheless , when Mollet resigned as leader in 1969 , Alain Savary was chosen to succeed him . Political career . After the electoral disasters of 1968 and 1969 , he was persuaded of the necessity to renew the party . In 1971 , during the Epinay Congress , he supported François Mitterrands election to the party leadership and became the second most powerful person in the Socialist Party ( PS ) . Two years later , he was elected as a deputy and Mayor of Lille . Increasingly , Mauroy criticized the replacement of former SFIO members from important positions by allies of Mitterrand . In this , he formed an alliance with Michel Rocard , the main opponent of Mitterrand , during the 1979 Metz Congress . However , Mitterrand chose him as spokesperson during the 1981 presidential campaign ; after Mitterrands election , he appointed Mauroy as Prime Minister . Prime Minister . Mauroys government was a radical reforming one , implementing a wide range of social reforms including the reduction of the legal workweek from 40 to 39 hours , the limiting of continuous shift working to an average of no more than 35 hours per week , the lowering of the retirement age to 60 , and a rise in social welfare benefits . Entitlement to paid holidays was also extended from four to five weeks . During the Mauroy governments first year in office , minimum pensions were increased by 38% , rent allowances by 50% , family allowances by 25% ( 50% for households with two children ) , and the minimum wage by 25% . During the 1981–82 period , state industrial investment was substantially increased , 17 billion francs in ”soft loan credit was provided to private industry , 7 billion francs was set aside to help school leavers , 54,000 new civil service jobs were created , and a major housebuilding drive was launched . Efforts were made to shift the burden of direct taxes away from lower- income groups , while increases in the minimum wage gave the low paid a real increase in their living standards of about 15% in 1981–82 . Unemployment benefits were also increased , together with the duration of time in which one could receive them . In addition , the maximum allowable workweek was reduced from 50 to 48 hours . Upon taking office , the Mauroy Government embarked upon an ambitious redistributive programme . The minimum wage went up in real terms by 11% between May 1981 and September 1982 , while the minimum old age pension was increased by 30% . 800,000 elderly people were exempted from paying T.V . licenses , while 1.5 million were also exempted from local taxes . Between May 1981 and January 1983 , family benefits were significantly increased , with the purchasing power of the 2,700,000 families with two children raised by 40% . These policies significantly improved the living standards of the less well off in French society , with poverty reduced during Mauroys term in office . Family allowances were increased by 81% for families with two children and by 49% for families with three children , while old-age pensions were raised by 300 francs a month for a single person and 3,700 francs for a couple . Altogether , the purchasing power of social transfers went up by 45% in 1981 and by 7.6% in 1982 . Health care coverage was also extended , with health insurance benefits made more widely available to part-time employees and the unemployed . Efforts were also made to promote voluntary retirement at sixty , with a pension ranging upwards from 80% of the SMIC to 50% of a middle-management salary . In 1982 , two measures were introduced that extended eligibility for early retirement for workers aged 55 to 59 : the contrats de préretraites progressives and the contrats de solidarité-démission . These programmes were aimed at stimulating consumption and aggregate demand by providing firms with incentives to hire younger workers as replacements for early retirees . A year later , solidarity contracts were introduced which provided early retirement for older workers aged 55 or above on the condition that firms replace recipients with younger workers . Elderly people benefited greatly from the social and economic measures undertaken by the Mauroy Government , with the real income of pensioners rising by a quarter . Harsh immigration statutes introduced during the presidency of Valéry Giscard dEstaing were reversed , while an immigration law was passed ( 1981 ) to limit the grounds for expelling foreigners to facilitate family reunions and amnesty 130,000 illegal immigrants . A 1982 law introduced new rights for helper spouses , while the anti-discriminatory Professional Equality Law ( 1983 ) , which defined equality between men and women in sweeping terms , required all businesses to furnish statistics on the situation of women in the workplace . This legislation marked a new departure in anti-discriminatory efforts and , reinforced by a series of measures taken by the Rocard government in 1989 , brought an end to wage differentials hidden by different job descriptions . Decentralising laws were also passed which transferred responsibilities for urban planning to municipalities and economic planning to the regions . In addition , various measures were introduced to improve socio-economic conditions in low-income neighbourhoods . Aid for the improvement of older HLM housing was increased , with the allocation for 1982 being about 40% higher than in 1981 . A collaborative interministerial approach to employment and the social rehabilitation of at risk youth was adopted , and in 1983 the Banlieue 89 project was instigated for social and educational measures on estates in the educational priority areas . As a result of such policies , urban grants ( as a proportion of local authority revenues ) significantly increased during the first three years of the Mitterrand presidency , especially in municipalities controlled by the Left . In 1982 , the Missions locales pour l’insertion professionnelle et sociale des jeunes were established , local advice centres that targeted young people ( essentially in the 16-25 age group ) experiencing major difficulties in finding work . A military reform law , passed in July 1983 , enabled those who were opposed to the usage of arms on grounds of conscience to be accepted for civilian service . An Ordinance of February 1982 limited the duration of fixed-term contracts to 6 to 12 months , and introduced an end of contract bonus of 5% total gross pay over the contracts period . Another Ordinance passed that same month restricted the duration of assignments to 6 months , and increased the precarious employment allowance from 4% to 15% of gross pay per assignment . For public sector workers , a law was passed in 1982 to prevent gender segregation in recruitment and to ensure that the situation was monitored carefully . An Act of July 1982 allowed the spouses of shopkeepers and artisans to receive social or work-related entitlements . An Act of August 1982 raised employers participation in financing the public transportation expenses of employees . In April 1982 special aids were extended to farmers who had invested between 1 April 1981 and 31 March 1982 . Pursuant to its campaign pledges , the Mauroy Government established 14,760 new permanent teaching posts at the elementary and secondary levels in June 1981 , and provided for 16,800 more in the 1982 budget and an additional 8,370 in the 1983 budget . A major increase in the modest salaries of elementary school teachers was announced . Technical education at the secondary level was declared to be a priority area , with special attention in the form of more scholarship money , additional teaching positions , and the commitment of 430 million francs per year for three years for the introduction of new technologies into the school programme . However , these actions ( particularly the creation of only 400 new technical teachers positions in 1981 , when enrolment went up by 11,000 ) were seen as inadequate by the National Union of Technical Education-Autonomous Apprenticeship . In December 1981 , a general science programme in the eleventh grade ( premier ) was created to replace the mathematics programme ( the Bac C ) which , after the fall from favour of Latin and Greek , had come to be known as a royal road into élitist schools and careers . The Premier S programme was an attempt to postpone definitive scholastic and social segregation , and also to reduce the importance of mathematical aptitude as the primary criterion for selection into élite schools . Greater funds were allocated to education , with the education budget was increased by 17.3% in 1982 and by 15% in 1983 . In 1981–82 , as a means of tackling cases of education failure , the Ministry of Education subsidized projects designed to help weaker students in 4,500 of the countrys 7,300 secondary schools . Although these subsidies were only of 30 million francs , the programme encouraged secondary schools to pay attention to the problem . They were heaviest in designated priority education and action zones . In 1981 , Educational Priority Zones were set up to provide additional resources to schools in depressed areas and to combat academic failure . The 1982 budget increased spending on education by 17% , while the 1983 budget provided tenure for 14,399 auxiliariat , teachers were only employed on a casual basis . A decree of June 1982 established a commission for public education staff training ( or MAFPEN ) in each académie , while CPR ( or regional teacher training centre , which were established in 1952 ) training placements were extended to 8–9 hours a week . That same year , the Delegation for Training and Research in Education was set up to coordinate the activities of the MAFPENs . The outgoing centre-right government was perceived to have harassed university assistants , the most junior faculty rank , by publicly questioning their qualifications , by increasing the teaching load of those who had not completed doctoral theses , and by limiting prospects for promotion and tenure . In May 1982 , after several unions and associations announced a strike of assistants to call attention to their unmet grievances , the new education minister Alain Savary assured union leaders that all assistants who wished to continue a university career would be granted tenure . Promotion would be facilitated by the establishment of a thousand new maitre-assistant post per year for 4 years . In April 1982 , following several demonstrations and strikes by the National Associations of Assistants ( ANA ) , 2000 new tenured assistant positions were created . Government decrees of September and October 1982 introduced various reforms aimed at making entry to the National School of Administration ( or ENA ) more accessible to a wider range of French society . The age limit was raised to enable less favoured candidates to catch up on career advancement , the element in the entrance examination for general culture ( which had proven advantageous to upper-class applicants ) was reduced , students from other grandes ecoles were prevented from making claims that they were already civil servants when they applied to the National School of Administration , and a rule of parity between students and lower civil servants among candidates for admission to the ENA was established . In addition , a law of January 1983 introduced a third route of access to the National School of Administration , reserved for those who had held important posts in mutual aid societies , voluntary associations , and trade unions for a period of at least eight years , and extended this opportunity to certain local elected officials . The Auroux laws ( 1982 ) increased the rights of trade unions and employees in the workplace , covering collective bargaining , representation , information , health and safety , and unfair dismissal . The Auroux Laws included a requirement that half of all overtime worked in excess of 130 hours per year must be compensated by additional time off , while trade union delegates became entitled to an increase in paid time off for union activities and to increased protection against dismissal . In addition , an Auroux Law of November 1982 established an obligation to negotiate real wages and hours once a year at the level of the firm , and to negotiate real wages once a year and to revise job classifications once every five years at the national industry level . Mandatory collective bargaining at the firm level of industry was introduced , while the laws also strengthened the rules on health and safety in the workplace , bestowing more rights upon the Comites d’hygiene et securite ( though not the right to stop production in case of extreme danger ) , while also granting working-class representatives release time , training for involvement in the comite d’entreprise and other representative bodies in the firm , recourse to expert consultants . Unions acquired rights to organise , to hold meetings in firms , and to call in outside speakers to address the workers . Worker representation on the comite d’rentreprise was increased and the comite was provided with additional powers , such as the right to obtain confidential economic information from the firm to use in advising it on policy . In spite of these positive changes , however , the comite dentreprise remained a consultative body with little influence on economic policy , while only large firms were required to provide their comite d’enterprises with economic information . This meant that almost two-thirds of the workers were excluded from exercising this oversight function . A government decree of March 1982 sought to provide greater employment security for the increasing number of workers on part-time and fixed-term contracts by restricting the circumstances in which employers could use such labour ( this was largely to ensure that permanent employees were not displaced by cheaper and more easily dismissed part-time workers ) . The law set out to ensure that such workers receive the same benefits as full-time workers and trade unions were given statutory rights to institute legal proceedings against employers or temporary work agencies if the provisions of the new law were evaded . That same year , the government passed legislation to ensure the full , legal eligibility of women for all civil service posts and an active policy was adopted to encourage them to come forward for promotion . In 1981 , legislation was passed which permitted the establishment of local private radio stations . In March 1982 , a Special Statute was granted to Corsica , which set the territory apart legally from other regions and provided it with additional state subsidies and greater autonomy over cultural , social , economic , and educational policies . Various measures were also introduced to improve conditions for migrants . A new drive began in 1981 to encourage local authorities to establish programmes including literacy programmes , housing schemes , and the setting up of young peoples and womens groups , and in 1983 France ratified the Council of Europes Convention on the Legal Status of Migrant Workers . The Association Law of 1981 allowed foreigners for the first time to form associations in France under the same rules that governed citizens , and these new immigrant associations were thereafter eligible to receive public funding . New policies removed the French language requirements of immigrants to run for seats in employee institutions , and foreign workers became eligible for the first time to sit on important industrial relations councils known as the Conseils des Prud’hommes . In 1982 , an existing programme to assist the repatriation of Algerian nationals was replaced by a system offering a choice between vocational training , assistance to set up a small business and a repatriation grant . Decrees were made in January 1982 concerning official recognition of persons and bodies responsible for noise monitoring , the monitoring of carbon monoxide and benzene levels in the atmosphere at workplaces , and the inspection of electrical installations . A decree issued in February 1982 laid down safety measures to be taken against electrical hazards arising during the construction , operation and maintenance of electric power distribution installations . A decree issued by the Minister of Labour in March 1982 specified the offices responsible for carrying out the technical tests on particularly dangerous machinery ( listed in a decree of April 1981 ) which are required before the machinery can be officially approved . It also specified the information to be provided by the person applying for official approval . A decree of May 1982 contained provisions on the setting up , restructuring , organization , financing and tasks of occupational health services in agricultural undertakings and listed those agricultural undertakings for which special medical surveillance is required . Another decree , made that same month , contained new regulations governing health , safety and preventive health measures in public undertakings . It laid down detailed health and safety requirements and specified how these were to be met . It also contained provisions on training in the area , medical surveillance , and health and safety services . Two Orders of July 1982 amended the rules applicable to fixed-term contracts and temporary work with the intention of restricting the use of casual labour and improving the living and working conditions of workers in insecure jobs . A law of July 1982 concerning the spouses of craftsmen and tradesmen employed in the family business amended the provisions of the labour code , social security system , civil code and company law to establish an occupational status for this group of people . In June 1982 , a new popular savings book paying index-linked interest was introduced , under which Individuals domiciled for tax purposes in France and whose tax liability was under FF 1 000 were entitled to hold a maximum of FF 10000 ( FF 20000 for households ) savings in that scheme . Also in 1982 , holidays for the low-paid were encouraged by an extension of holiday Vouchers ( Cheques-Vacances ) , subsidized by the employer and requiring regular saving out of earnings . A banking law of January 1984 entitled individuals lacking current accounts who had been refused by three banks to ask the Bank of France to designate a bank or the postal bank to provide them with free accounts . An Act of January 1984 asserted a right for all parents to benefit from a parental leave of absence for childrearing , providing that they have one years seniority . This legislation also allowed parents ( under the same conditions ) to request part-time work and to shift freely between part-time work and parental leave . In 1982 , the law governing the age of consent for homosexual activity was reduced from 18 to 15 years to match the age of consent for heterosexual activity . For those with disabilities , a 1982 law on urban transport reform stated that special measures must be taken to accommodate the special needs of people with limited mobility . A law passed on 9 July 1984 provided that a worker with at least two years service must receive a redundancy payment based on gross earnings prior to termination of the work contract . The law further provided that workers aged 60 or above who voluntarily left the firm would receive a retirement severance grant . Various measures were also undertaken to encourage research . Higher spending was allocated to research , while the directors of the various research councils were changed and a series of regional colloquia set up , which culminated in a national assises of researchers , where some 3,000 met in Paris to establish guidelines for future research policy . A law was passed that allowed researchers in universities and agencies to sign contracts with industry . CESTA , an agency for evaluating new fields of science and technology , was established , while more money was allocate to ANVAR , the national agency for promoting the application of basic research . To safeguard workers from exposure to dangerous substances and agents , three Orders containing the lists and the conditions for the labelling and packaging of dangerous substances ( 10 October 1983 ) , of dangerous preparations solvents ( 11 October 1983 ) and of paints , varnishes , printing inks , glues and similar products ( 12 October 1983 ) gave effect to the corresponding EEC Directives under national legislation . A circular implementing these three Orders was issued in January 1984 and the substances and preparations not included in these orders were covered by a circular on 4 July 1984 . A circular of July 1982 on maximum concentrations was supplemented by two others , dated December 1983 and May 1984 , with a view to the introduction of EEC Directive 80-1107 November 1980 on the protection of workers from exposure to chemical , physical and biological agents at work . A law on workers democracy in public-sector companies was passed in July 1983 which sought to recreate a spirit of tripartism in a sector of the economy where existing statutory rights had failed to provide anything more than a consultative role for representatives . Previously , workers had the right to be represented on the boards of public sector companies with 50 or more staff and were entitled to at least 2 board seats , but under the new legislation , public sector companies ( previously nationalized companies plus those companies that were nationalized in 1982 in which the state was the majority shareholder ) would be obliged to have tripartite administrative or supervisory boards to which employee representatives would be elected by the workforce . A couple of autogestionary measures were also introduced . One measure involved workers representation on the administrative councils of the nationalized industries , under which one-third of the members of these councils being drawn from the workforce . The other measure involved elections to the administrative commissions for social security , under which 15 and 25 members of these commissions were chosen through elections among those who were insured by the fund . A law on vocational training in February 1984 established employment contracts for six months for further training on the job while taking courses . These included the contrats de qualification , the contrats d’adaptation , ranging from 6 to 24 months , and a 3 to 6-month programme known as the stages d’initiation a la vie professionnelle , which was designed to familiarise young people with factory and firm . A 1983 law on apprenticeships laid down the principle that apprenticeship is a method of giving young workers having completed schooling a general theoretical and practical training , for the purpose of acquiring professional qualifications leading to technology diplomas . The law laid down a number of general rules on apprenticeship . Training is organised on the basis of alternation , part in industry , and part in the apprenticeship centre , while a contractual relationship must be created between the apprentice and the employer , by means of an apprenticeship contract . A higher education law of 1983 restored democratic representation on university councils and granted the universities greater autonomy and more power to conduct research and to make contacts with industry . A decree of 23 March 1982 listed the offices responsible for testing lifting equipment other than lifts and building-site hoists , while a decree issued in May that same year 1982 extended its provisions to agriculture . Under a decree of 31 March 1982 , the general health and safety regulations for dangerous machinery and appliances were extended to include portable hand-operated machinery and appliances . Exceptions for certain less dangerous appliances were laid down in a decree of June 1982 . In regards to the agricultural sector , a decree of 8 March 1982 laid down the conditions attached to the approval of electrical installations in agricultural undertakings and specified which offices are authorized to test these installations . In 1983 , leave was introduced for setting up businesses and sabbatical leave for wage-earners , and in June that year , a law was passed that completed the incorporation into French Law of a 1977 European Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the safeguarding of employees rights in the event of transfers of undertakings , businesses or parts of businesses . The Deferre Law reduced the powers of the prefect , set up elected regional councils , and increased the powers of local government . The security court was abolished , and measures were introduced to control police harassment . Legal aid was extended , legislation was introduced which effectively combated discrimination against homosexuals , and the traditional powers of the juge d’instruction in the preparation of criminal cases was reduced . The Quillot Law of 1982 provided renters with additional rights in housing matters , while an audiovisual law passed that same year brought an end to the state monopoly of audiovisual broadcasting and established a High Authority to guarantee the independence of public television channels . Laws were passed in 1982 to reform higher education to make the academy more responsive to the needs of the state . High security wings in prisons were abolished , while social security reform increased workers representation on the bodies that oversaw the management of the social security schemes . In order to make the elite political academy ( the ENA ) accessible to a wider section of the population , a special entry pathway was established for those who had held trade union or political office . A new health care policy was implemented , which included the abolition of private beds in hospitals , reform of medical training , modernisation of facilities , and the election of the heads of medical services by the entire staff , rather than just by doctors , as had previously been the case . The Mauroy Government also withdrew a ministerial circular issued by the previous government that limited initiatives by regional councils , while a grant was created for the purpose of subsidizing local cultural projects and activities . The Mauroy Government did much to promote arts , culture , and education , as characterised by a tripling in real terms in state aid to the arts , a quadrupling of spending on public libraries , which led to the number of library loans growing by a third , and the removal of obstacles to cheaper book-retailing . Aid was provided to provincial art museums and local archives for working-class affairs established , while funding to provincial libraries was significantly increased , with the national library budget going up from 163 million to 677 million francs . As a result of this additional library expenditure , 17 departments which had previously lacked a bibliothèque centrale de pret in 1981 had acquired one by 1986 . In addition , as a result of the Mauroy Governments library programme , 10 million more people obtained access to major lending library resources . As Paris share of the cultural budget fell from 60% to 45% between 1981 and 1985 , the provinces acquired new theatres , artistic centres , music halls , ballet companies , and popular culture facilities . During its first year in office , the Mauroy government increased spending on culture from 0.45% of the national budget to 0.75% , a figure which rose to 0.84% in 1984 . The incomes of the poorest sections of society were increased exponentially as a result of social security reforms and a 25% increase in the minimum wage . Allowances for the handicapped were also increased , while the right to deduct the cost of child care for all children under the age of three was introduced ( a right later extended to include all children under the age of five in some cases ) . Unemployed workers ineligible for jobless benefits were given back the right to claim sickness insurance that they had lost in 1979 while the reimbursal of the costs of dental fees , hearing aids , and glasses was improved . An 80-franc-per-month charge that had been imposed on certain long-term illnesses was abrogated , and certain individuals who had retired before 1973 had the base upon which their pensions were calculated adjusted upward . Between 1981 and 1983 , the minimum vieillesse ( the basic pension benefit for the elderly poor ) was raised by 62% . To assist young farmers , the role of the SAFER ( Societe dAmenagemcnt Foncier et dEtablissement Rural ) was extended in 1982 to give preferential aid to this group to enlarge their holdings . Various measures were also introduced that helped to boost farmers incomes . A partial price freeze instituted in June 1982 helped to limit the increase in production costs , while an income assistance programme ( introduced in 1982 to compensate for a decline in farmers incomes in 1981 ) contributed to a reduction in sectoral inequalities . In addition , an EEC price hike which the government negotiated in May 1982 represented an improvement over that of the previous year ( 11.2% compared with 10.3% ) . Consultative channels between farmers and government were also widened beyond the Federation Nationale des Syndicats dExploitants Agricoles ( or FNSEA , the chief farming syndicat ) . In addition , the Mauroy Government had helped in the establishment of 12,000 farms with young farmers by mid-1983 . From 1982 onwards , all self-employed women in France were provided with a lump-sum maternity grant which may be supplemented by an income-replacement allowance . In 1983 , the unemployment compensation programme was expanded to include workers who had resigned from their jobs . A law of July 1984 introduced a new benefit called the Insertion Allowance , providing short-term support for those in periods of transition into the labour market . Another law passed that same month introduced a Special Solidarity Allowance for long-term unemployed persons with no insurance entitlements remaining . In addition , an Act of October 1982 fully extended the right to join a union to people who were retired , and a law of February 1984 increased state support for the development and training activities of companies . Although the Mauroy governments social policies improved the living standards of the less well-off in French society , its reflationary economic strategy ( based on encouraging domestic consumption ) failed to improve the French economy in the long term , with increases in the level of inflation as well as in the trade and budget deficits . Although the governments reflationary policies tended to stabilise unemployment , the number of people out of work topped 2 million , in spite of a pledge made by Mitterrand to keep it below this figure . A large budget deficit emerged , with social benefits and aid to industry alone going up by 50% in the 1982 budget . In addition , private investment failed to respond to the governments initiatives , with a 12% decline in volume in 1981 . This led Mauroy to advocate the abandonment of Socialist economic policies ( which failed to reduce unemployment and inflation ) , a controversial U-turn which was ratified by President Mitterrand in March 1983 , and a number of austerity measures were carried out . In 1982 , housing allowances were decoupled from the cost-of-living adjustment index . In 1982 and 1983 , eligibility for unemployment benefits was tightened . A complex set of changes introduced in 1983 surrounding early retirement effectively reduced guarantees to full pensions for early retirees . Daily charges for hospital beds were introduced , while a variety of medical reimbursements were reduced . In September 1982 , the indexation of wages and salaries in the public sector was abolished . During the austerity period , the aim of the Socialists was limited to that of safeguarding the position of beneficiaries as far as possible and of giving special consideration to the poorest amongst them . While further increases in benefits for the elderly , the handicapped , and in some family allowances later became possible , extra costs were also imposed . For instance , the duration of unemployment benefits was reduced , while a basic hospital charge ( with exemptions ) was introduced , and contributions from the early retired and unemployed towards health care were demanded although , once again , the worse off were exempt . Austerity measures also led to efforts to restrain family costs while at the same time trying to safeguard priority groups . In February 1982 , a 25% increase was made in allowances for families containing two eligible children , but some benefits were abandoned and the starting and finishing dates for eligibility altered . Later , cash increases were less than the amounts necessary to maintain the real value of family benefits except for the poorest groups in French society . The limits on income assessed for social insurance contributions were raised and the income base upon which employers and the self-employed were assessed for contributions was changed . The cost of support for handicapped adults was transferred to the national government , although some taxation on tobacco and alcohol was also earmarked for this purpose . A 1% tax on personal incomes was imposed ( although the poorest 33% of taxpayers was excluded ) , and a 1% solidarity contribution levied on civil servants towards the cost of unemployment insurance . In spite of austerity , however , the real value of social protection made modest increases . Within the total , the greatest benefits was reserved for the poorest whilst income was raised in ways which saw a modest shift from traditional financing methods towards general community financing . Failing to restrict the financing of private schools via the Savary Law , he resigned in 1984 . After Matignon . In 1988 he became First Secretary of the PS against the will of Mitterrand , who supported Laurent Fabius . Until the end of his term , in 1992 , he tried to appease the relations between the factions which composed the PS , notably during the very strained 1990 Rennes Congress . He allied with the rocardien group and Lionel Jospins supporters , who came from the mitterrandist group . President of the Socialist International from 1992 to 1999 , Senator since 1992 , he left the Lille mayoralty in 2001 . Considered a moral authority of the French Left , he supported the candidacy of Ségolène Royal during the 2007 primary election . Political career . Governmental functions Prime minister : 1981–1984 . Electoral mandates European Parliament Member of European Parliament : 1979–1980 ( Resignation ) . National Assembly of France Member of the National Assembly of France for Nord ( French department ) ( 2nd , then 1st constituency from 1988 to 1992 ) : 1973–1981 ( Became Prime minister in 1981 ) / 1984–1992 ( Elected senator in 1992 ) . Elected in 1973 , reelected in 1978 , 1981 , 1984 , 1986 , 1988 . Senate of France Senator of Nord ( French department ) : 1992–2011 . Elected in 1992 , reelected in 2001 . Regional Council President of the Regional Council of Nord-Pas-de-Calais : 1974–1981 . Regional councillor of Nord-Pas-de-Calais : 1974–1981 / 1986–1988 ( Resignation ) . General Council Vice-president of the General Council of Nord ( French department ) : 1967–1973 . General councillor of Nord ( French department ) : 1967–1973 . Municipal Council Mayor of Lille : 1973–2001 . Reelected in 1977 , 1983 , 1989 , 1995 . Deputy-mayor of Lille : 1971–1973 . Municipal councillor of Lille : 1971–2008 . Reelected in 1977 , 1983 , 1989 , 1995 , 2001 . Urban community Council President of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole : 1989–2008 . Reelected in 1995 , 2001 . Vice-president of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole : 1971–1989 . Reelected in 1977 , 1983 . Member of the Urban Community of Lille Métropole : 1971–2008 . Reelected in 1977 , 1983 , 1989 , 1995 , 2001 . Political function First Secretary ( leader ) of the Socialist Party ( France ) : 1988–1992 . Elected in 1988 . Mauroys First Government , 22 May 1981 – 23 June 1981 . - Pierre Mauroy – Prime Minister - Claude Cheysson – Minister of External Relations - Charles Hernu – Minister of Defense - Gaston Defferre – Minister of the Interior and Decentralization - Jacques Delors – Minister of Economy - Pierre Joxe – Minister of Industry - Jean Auroux – Minister of Labour - Maurice Faure – Minister of Justice - Alain Savary – Minister of National Education - Jean Laurain – Minister of Veterans - Jack Lang – Minister of Culture - Édith Cresson – Minister of Agriculture - Michel Crépeau – Minister of Environment - André Henry – Minister of Free Time - Louis Mermaz – Minister of Transport and Equipment - Edmond Hervé – Minister of Health - Roger Quilliot – Minister of Housing - Georges Fillioud – Minister of Communication - Louis Mexandeau – Minister of Posts - Michel Rocard – Minister of Planning and Regional Planning - André Delelis – Minister of Commerce and Craft Industry - Michel Jobert – Minister of External Commerce - Jean-Pierre Chevènement – Minister of Research and Technology - Nicole Questiaux – Minister of National Solidarity - Louis Le Pensec – Minister of the Sea Mauroys Second Government , 23 June 1981 – 22 March 1983 . - Pierre Mauroy – Prime Minister - Claude Cheysson – Minister of External Relations - Charles Hernu – Minister of Defense - Gaston Defferre – Minister of the Interior and Decentralization - Jacques Delors – Minister of Economy - Catherine Lalumière – Minister of Consumption - Pierre Dreyfus – Minister of Industry - Jean Auroux – Minister of Labour - Marcel Rigout – Minister of Vocational Training - Robert Badinter – Minister of Justice - Alain Savary – Minister of National Education - Jean Laurain – Minister of Veterans - Jack Lang – Minister of Culture - Édith Cresson – Minister of Agriculture - Michel Crépeau – Minister of Environment - André Henry – Minister of Free Time - Charles Fiterman – Minister of Transport - Jack Ralite – Minister of Health - Roger Quilliot – Minister of Town Planning and Housing - Georges Fillioud – Minister of Communication - Louis Mexandeau – Minister of Posts - Michel Rocard – Minister of Planning and Regional Planning - André Delelis – Minister of Commerce and Craft Industry - Michel Jobert – Minister of External Commerce - Jean-Pierre Chevènement – Minister of Research and Technology - Nicole Questiaux – Minister of National Solidarity - Louis Le Pensec – Minister of the Sea Changes - 29 June 1982 – Jean-Pierre Chevènement succeeds Dreyfus as Minister of Industry . Pierre Bérégovoy succeeds Questiaux as Minister of National Solidarity , becoming also Minister of Social Affairs . Mauroys Third Government , 22 March 1983 – 17 July 1984 . - Pierre Mauroy – Prime Minister - Claude Cheysson – Minister of External Relations - Charles Hernu – Minister of Defense - Gaston Defferre – Minister of the Interior and Decentralization - Jacques Delors – Minister of Economy , Finance , and Budget - Laurent Fabius – Minister of Industry and Research - Marcel Rigout – Minister of Vocational Training - Robert Badinter – Minister of Justice - Alain Savary – Minister of National Education - Michel Rocard – Minister of Agriculture - Charles Fiterman – Minister of Transport - Roger Quilliot – Minister of Town Planning and Housing - Édith Cresson – Minister of Tourism and External Commerce - Michel Crépeau – Minister of Commerce and Craft Industry - Pierre Bérégovoy – Minister of Social Affairs and National Solidarity Changes - 4 October 1983 – Paul Quilès succeeds Quiliot as Minister of Town Planning and Housing . - 18 December 1983 – Roland Dumas enters the Cabinet as Minister of European Affairs . External links . - Pierre Mauroy at the French Senate