What organization did Yang Chen-Ning join in 2017?
Yang Chen-Ning Yang Chen-Ning or Chen-Ning Yang ( ; born 1 October , 1922 ) , also known as C . N . Yang or by the English name Frank Yang , is a Chinese theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to statistical mechanics , integrable systems , gauge theory , and both particle physics and condensed matter physics . He and Tsung-Dao Lee received the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on parity nonconservation of weak interaction . The two proposed that one of the basic quantum-mechanics laws , the conservation of parity , is violated in the so-called weak nuclear reactions , those nuclear processes that result in the emission of beta or alpha particles . Yang is also well known for his collaboration with Robert Mills in developing non-Abelian gauge theory , widely known as the Yang–Mills theory . Biography . Yang was born in Hefei , Anhui , China ; his father , Ko Chuan Yang ( ; 1896–1973 ) , was a mathematician , and his mother , Meng Hwa Loh Yang ( ) , was a housewife . Yang attended elementary school and high school in Beijing , and in the autumn of 1937 his family moved to Hefei after the Japanese invaded China . In 1938 they moved to Kunming , Yunnan , where National Southwestern Associated University ( Lianda ) , was located . In the same year , as a second year student , Yang passed the entrance examination and studied at Lianda . He received his bachelors degree in 1942 , with his thesis on the application of group theory to molecular spectra , under the supervision of Ta-You Wu . He continued to study graduate courses there for two years under the supervision of Wang Zhuxi , working on statistical mechanics . In 1944 he received his masters degree from Tsinghua University , which had moved to Kunming during the Sino-Japanese War ( 1937–1945 ) . Yang was then awarded a scholarship from the Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program , set up by the United States government using part of the money China had been forced to pay following the Boxer Rebellion . His departure for the United States was delayed for one year , during which time he taught in a middle school as a teacher and studied field theory . From 1946 , Yang studied with Edward Teller ( 1908–2003 ) at the University of Chicago , where he received his doctorate in 1948 . He remained at the University of Chicago for a year as an assistant to Enrico Fermi . In 1949 he was invited to do his research at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton , New Jersey , where he began a period of fruitful collaboration with Tsung-Dao Lee . He was made a permanent member of the Institute in 1952 , and full professor in 1955 . In 1963 , Princeton University Press published his textbook , Elementary Particles . In 1965 he moved to Stony Brook University , where he was named the Albert Einstein Professor of Physics and the first director of the newly founded Institute for Theoretical Physics . Today this institute is known as the C . N . Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics . He retired from Stony Brook University in 1999 , assuming the title Emeritus Professor . In 2010 , Stony Brook University honored Yangs contributions to the university by naming its newest dormitory building C . N . Yang Hall . He has been elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society , the Chinese Academy of Sciences , the Academia Sinica , the Russian Academy of Sciences , and the Royal Society . He was awarded honorary doctorate degrees by Princeton University ( 1958 ) , Moscow State University ( 1992 ) , and the Chinese University of Hong Kong ( 1997 ) . Yang visited the Chinese mainland in 1971 for the first time after the thaw in China–US relations , and has subsequently made great efforts to help the Chinese physics community rebuild the research atmosphere which was destroyed by the radical political movements during the Cultural Revolution . After retiring from Stony Brook he returned as an honorary director of Tsinghua University , Beijing , where he is the Huang Jibei-Lu Kaiqun Professor at the Center for Advanced Study ( CASTU ) . He also is one of the two Shaw Prize Founding Members and is a Distinguished Professor-at-Large at the Chinese University of Hong Kong . Personal life . Yang married Chih-li Tu ( ) , a teacher , in 1950 and has two sons and a daughter with her : Franklin Jr. , Gilbert and Eulee . His father-in-law was a Kuomintang General Du Yuming . Some scholars suspect that Du was promoted to a high-ranking position in Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference in order to convince Yang to return to China after seeking refuge in the US . Tu died in October 2003 , but in December 2004 the then 82-year-old Yang made controversy by marrying the then 28-year-old Weng Fan ( ) . Yang became a U.S . citizen in 1964 . He now resides in China , and he was granted permanent residency in mainland China in 2004 . He renounced his U.S . citizenship as of 30 September 2015 , and became a citizen of the Peoples Republic of China . On Yangs religious views , he is an agnostic . Academic achievements . Yang has worked on statistical mechanics , condensed matter theory , particle physics and gauge theory/quantum field theory . At the University of Chicago , Yang first spent twenty months working in an accelerator lab , but he later found he was not as good as an experimentalist and switched back to theory . His doctoral thesis was about angular distribution in nuclear reactions . Later he worked on particle phenomenology ; a well-known work was the Fermi–Yang model treating pion meson as a bound nucleon–antinucleon pair . In 1956 , he and Tsung Dao ( T.D. ) Lee proposed that in the weak interaction the parity symmetry was not conserved , Chien-shiung Wus team at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington experimentally verified the theory . Yang and Lee received the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physics for their parity violation theory , but unfortunately stereotypes prevented Wu from being awarded , despite the revolutionary change it would bring to particle physics . Yang has also worked on neutrino theory with Tsung Dao ( T.D. ) Lee , 1957 , 1959 , CT nonconservation ( with Tsung Dao ( T.D. ) Lee and R . Oheme , 1957 ) , electromagnetic interaction of vector mesons ( with Tsung Dao ( T.D. ) Lee , 1962 ) , CP nonconservation ( with Wu Tai-Tsun , 1964 ) . Yang is also well known for his collaboration with Robert Mills in developing non-Abelian gauge theory , widely known as the Yang–Mills theory . Subsequently , in the last three decades , many other prominent scientists have developed key breakthroughs to what is now known as gauge theory . In the 1970s Yang worked on the topological properties of gauge theory , collaborating with Wu Tai-Tsun to elucidate the Wu–Yang monopole . Unlike the Dirac monopole , it has no singular Dirac string . The theory set the template for the Standard Model and modern physics in general , as well as the work towards a Grand Unified Theory ; it was called by The Scientist , the foundation for current understanding of how subatomic particles interact , a contribution which has restructured modern physics and mathematics . The idea was generally conceived by Yang , and the novice scientist Mills assisted him in this endeavor as Mills said,During the academic year 1953-1954 , Yang was a visitor to Brookhaven National Laboratory...I was at Brookhaven also...and was assigned to the same office as Yang . Yang , who has demonstrated on a number of occasions his generosity to physicists beginning their careers , told me about his idea of generalizing gauge invariance and we discussed it at some length...I was able to contribute something to the discussions , especially with regard to the quantization procedures , and to a small degree in working out the formalism ; however , the key ideas were Yangs . Yang has had a great interest in statistical mechanics since his undergraduate time . In the 1950s and 1960s , he collaborated with Tsung Dao ( T.D. ) Lee and Kerson Huang , etc . and studied statistical mechanics and condensed matter theory . He studied the theory of phase transition and elucidated the Lee–Yang circle theorem , properties of quantum boson liquid , two dimensional Ising model , flux quantization in superconductors ( with N . Byers , 1961 ) , and proposed the concept of Off-Diagonal Long-Range Order ( ODLRO , 1962 ) . In 1967 , he found a consistent condition for a one dimensional factorized scattering many body system , the equation was later named the Yang–Baxter equation , it plays an important role in integrable models and has influenced several branches of physics and mathematics . Awards . - Nobel Prize in Physics ( 1957 ) - Ten Outstanding Young Americans ( 1957 ) - Rumford Prize ( 1980 ) - National Medal of Science ( 1986 ) - Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture and Medal ( 1988 ) - Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences of the American Philosophical Society ( 1993 ) - Bower Award ( 1994 ) - Albert Einstein Medal ( 1995 ) - Lars Onsager Prize ( 1999 ) - King Faisal International Prize ( 2001 ) Selected publications . - Collected works - Yang–Mills theory - Parity violation - Lee–Yang theorem - Byers–Yang theorem