Philip W. Anderson became a member of what organization or association in 1980?
Philip W . Anderson Philip Warren Anderson ( December 13 , 1923 – March 29 , 2020 ) was an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate . Anderson made contributions to the theories of localization , antiferromagnetism , symmetry breaking ( including a paper in 1962 discussing symmetry breaking in particle physics , leading to the development of the Standard Model around 10 years later ) , and high-temperature superconductivity , and to the philosophy of science through his writings on emergent phenomena . Anderson is also responsible for naming the field of physics that is now known as condensed matter physics . Education and early life . Anderson was born in Indianapolis , Indiana , and grew up in Urbana , Illinois . His father , Harry Warren Anderson , was a professor of plant pathology at the University of Illinois at Urbana ; his maternal grandfather was a mathematician at Wabash College , where Anderson’s father studied ; his maternal uncle was a Rhodes Scholar who became a professor of English , also at Wabash College . He graduated from University Laboratory High School in Urbana in 1940 . Under the encouragement of a math teacher by the name of Miles Hartley , Anderson enrolled at Harvard University to study under a fully-funded scholarship . He concentrated in Electronic Physics and completed his B.S . in 1943 , after which he was drafted into the war effort and built antennas at the Naval Research Laboratory until the end of the Second World War in 1945 . As an undergraduate , his close associates included particle-nuclear physicist H . Pierre Noyes , philosopher and historian of science Thomas Kuhn and molecular physicist Henry Silsbee . After the war , Anderson returned to Harvard to pursue graduate studies in physics under the mentorship of John Hasbrouck van Vleck ; he received his Ph.D . in 1949 after completing a doctoral dissertation titled The theory of pressure broadening of spectral lines in the microwave and infrared regions . Career and research . From 1949 to 1984 , Anderson was employed by Bell Laboratories in New Jersey , where he worked on a wide variety of problems in condensed matter physics . During this period he developed what is now called Anderson localization ( the idea that extended states can be localized by the presence of disorder in a system ) and Andersons theorem ( concerning impurity scattering in superconductors ) ; invented the Anderson Hamiltonian , which describes the site-wise interaction of electrons in a transition metal ; proposed symmetry breaking within particle physics ( this played a role in the development of the Standard Model and the development of the theory behind the Higgs mechanism , which in turn generates mass in some elementary particles ) ; created the pseudospin approach to the BCS theory of superconductivity ; made seminal studies of non-s-wave pairing ( both symmetry-breaking and microscopic mechanism ) in the superfluidity of He3 , and helped found the area of spin-glasses . He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1963 . From 1967 to 1975 , Anderson was a professor of theoretical physics at Cambridge University . In 1977 Anderson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his investigations into the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems , which allowed for the development of electronic switching and memory devices in computers . Co-researchers Sir Nevill Francis Mott and John van Vleck shared the award with him . In 1982 , he was awarded the National Medal of Science . He retired from Bell Labs in 1984 and was Joseph Henry Professor Emeritus of Physics at Princeton University . Andersons writings included Concepts in Solids , Basic Notions of Condensed Matter Physics and The Theory of Superconductivity in the High-Tc Cuprates . Anderson served on the board of advisors of Scientists and Engineers for America , an organization focused on promoting sound science in American government . In response to the discovery of high-temperature superconductors in 1980s , Anderson proposed Resonating valence bond ( RVB ) theory to explain the phenomenon . While many found the idea unconvincing , RVB theory proved instrumental in the study of spin liquids . Anderson also made conceptual contributions to the philosophy of science through his explication of emergent phenomena , which became an inspiration for the science of complex systems . In 1972 he wrote an article called More is Different in which he emphasized the limitations of reductionism and the existence of hierarchical levels of science , each of which requires its own fundamental principles for advancement . In 1984 he participated in the founding workshops of the Santa Fe Institute , a multidisciplinary research institute dedicated to the science of complex systems . Anderson also co-chaired the institutes 1987 conference on economics with Kenneth Arrow and W . Brian Arthur , and participated in its 2007 workshop on models of emergent behavior in complex systems.<ref A 2006 statistical analysis of scientific research papers by José Soler , comparing the number of references in a paper to the number of citations , declared Anderson to be the most creative amongst ten most cited physicists in the world . Awards and honors . He was awarded the Oliver E . Buckley Condensed Matter Prize in 1964 , the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977 , the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1978 , and was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society ( ForMemRS ) in 1980 . He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1982 . Personal life . Anderson was an atheist and was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto . Anderson was also interested in Japanese culture , living there for a time and becoming a 1st Dan master of the board game Go . The Nihon Ki-in awarded him a lifetime achievement award in 2007 , and Anderson joked that there were only four people in Japan who could beat him . He died in Princeton , New Jersey , on March 29 , 2020 , at the age of 96 . Publications . Journal articles . - Pdf . - Pdf . - Pdf . - Pdf . - Pdf . - Pdf . - Pdf . External links . - including the Nobel Lecture , December 8 , 1977 Local Moments and Localized States - Philip Warren Anderson - Video clip of Philip Anderson speaking at the International Conference on Complex Systems , Hosted by the New England Complex Systems Institute ( NECSI ) - Oral History interview transcript with Philip W . Anderson 30 March , 30 May , & 23 November 1999 , American Institute of Physics , Niels Bohr Library and Archives - Oral History interview transcript with Philip W . Anderson 13 July 1987 , American Institute of Physics , Niels Bohr Library and Archives