Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
What organization did Yuri Lotman join in 1987?
Yuri Lotman Yuri Mikhailovich Lotman ( ; ; 28 February 1922 – 28 October 1993 ) was a prominent literary scholar , semiotician , and cultural historian , who worked at the University of Tartu . He was elected a member of the British Academy ( 1977 ) , Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters ( 1987 ) , Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( 1989 ) and Estonian Academy of Sciences ( 1990 ) . He was a founder of the Tartu–Moscow Semiotic School . The number of his printed works exceeds 800 titles . His archive ( which is now kept at the University of Tallinn and at the Tartu University Library ) which includes his correspondence with a number of Russian and Western intellectuals , is immense . Biography . Yuri Lotman was born in the Jewish intellectual family of lawyer Mikhail Lotman and Sorbonne-educated dentist Aleksandra Lotman in Petrograd , Russia . His elder sister Inna Obraztsova graduated from Leningrad Conservatory and became a composer and lecturer of musical theory , his younger sister Victoria Lotman was a prominent cardiologist , and his third sister Lidia Lotman was a scholar of Russian literature of the second half of the 19th century on staff at the Institute for Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Science ( Pushkin House ) ( she lived in Saint-Petersburg ) . Lotman graduated from the secondary school in 1939 with excellent marks and was admitted to Leningrad State University without having to pass any exams . There he studied philology , which was a choice he made due to Lidia Lotmans university friends ( actually he attended university lectures in philology whilst he was still at secondary school ) . His professors at university were the renowned lecturers and academicians – Gukovsky , Azadovsky , Tomashevsky and Propp . He was drafted in 1940 and during World War II served as a radio operator in the artillery . Demobilized from the army in 1946 , he returned to his studies in the university and received his diploma with distinction in 1950 . His first published research papers focused on Russian literary and social thought of the 18th and 19th century . Unable to find an academic position in Leningrad due to anti-Semitism ( he was unable to apply for a PhD program ) , Lotman went to Estonia in 1950 and from 1954 began his work as a lecturer in the Department of Russian literature of Tartu University and later became head of the department . In the early 60s Lotman established academic contacts with a group of structuralist linguists in Moscow , and invited them in the first Summer School on Secondary Modeling Systems , that took place in Kääriku from 19th to 29 August 1964 . The group gathered at the first summer school later developed into what is now known as the Tartu–Moscow Semiotic School . Among participants of the summer school , and later members of the Tartu–Moscow school , were such names as Boris Uspensky , Vyacheslav Ivanov , Vladimir Toporov , Mikhail Gasparov , Alexander Piatigorsky , Isaak I . Revzin and Georgii Lesskis . As a result of their collective work , they established a theoretical framework for the study of the semiotics of culture . This school has been widely known for its journal Sign Systems Studies , published by Tartu University Press ( Труды по знаковым системам ) and currently the oldest semiotics journal in the world ( established in 1964 ) . Lotman studied the theory of culture , Russian literature , history , semiotics and semiology ( general theories of signs and sign systems ) , semiotics of cinema , arts , literature , robotics , etc . In these fields , Lotman has been one of the most widely cited authors . His major study in Russian literature was dedicated to Pushkin ; among his most influential works in semiotics and structuralism are «Semiotics of Cinema» , «Analysis of the Poetic Text» and «The Structure of the Artistic Text» . In 1984 , Lotman coined the term semiosphere . In 1991 he received the Gold Medal of Philology , the highest award for a philological scholar . Yuri Lotmans wife Zara Mints was also a well-known scholar of Russian literature and Tartu professor . They have three sons : - Mihhail Lotman ( born 1952 ) is professor of semiotics and literary theory at Tartu University , is active in politics and has served as a member of the Riigikogu ( Estonian Parliament ) as a member of the conservative Res Publica Party . - Grigori Lotman ( born 1953 ) is an artist . - Aleksei Lotman ( born 1960 ) is a biologist , since 2006 he has also been a politician and a member of parliament for the Estonian Greens party ( 2007-2011 ) . Bibliography . - 1975 . Lotman Jurij M. ; Uspenskij B.A. ; Ivanov , V.V. ; Toporov , V.N . and Pjatigorskij , A.M . 1975 . Theses on the Semiotic Study of Cultures ( as Applied to Slavic Texts ) . In : Sebeok Thomas A . ( ed. ) , The Tell-Tale Sign : A Survey of Semiotics . Lisse ( Netherlands ) : Peter de Ridder , 57–84 . - 1976 . Analysis of the Poetic Text . ( Translated by D . Barton Johnson. ) Ann Arbor ( Mich. ) : Ardis . - 1976 . The content and structure of the concept of literature . PTL : A Journal for Descriptive Poetics and Theory of Literature 1 ( 2 ) : 339–356 . - 1976 . Semiotics of Cinema . ( Transl . by Mark Suino. ) ( Michigan Slavic Contributions. ) Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press , Семиотика кино и проблемы киноэстетики - 1977 . The Structure of the Artistic Text . Translated from the Russian by Gail Lenhoff and Ronald Vroon . ( Michigan Slavic Contributions 7. ) Ann Arbor : University of Michigan , Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures . - 1979 . The origin of plot in the light of typology . Poetics Today 1 ( 1–2 ) , 161–184 . - 1990 . Universe of the Mind : A Semiotic Theory of Culture . ( Translated by Ann Shukman , introduction by Umberto Eco. ) London & New York : I . B . Tauris & Co Ltd . xiii+288 p . - 2005 . On the semiosphere . ( Translated by Wilma Clark ) Sign Systems Studies , 33 ( 1 ) : 205–229 . - 2009 . Culture and Explosion . ( Semiotics , Communication and Cognition 1. ) Translated by Wilma Clark , edited by Marina Grishakova.De Gruyter Mouton . - 2014 . Non-Memoirs . Translated and annotated by Caroline Lemak Brickman , edited by Evgenii Bershtein , with an afterword by Caroline Lemak Brickman and Evgenii Bershtein . Dalkey Archive Press : Champaign , London , Dublin . .