Aurora Cáceres
Who was Enrique Gómez Carrillo 's spouse in Mar 1905?
Enrique Gómez Carrillo Enrique Gómez Carrillo ( February 27 , 1873 in Guatemala City – November 29 , 1927 in Paris ) was a Guatemalan literary critic , writer , journalist and diplomat , and the second husband of the Salvadoran-French writer and artist Consuelo Suncin de Sandoval-Cardenas , later Consuelo Suncin , comtesse de Saint Exupéry , who in turn was his third wife ; he had been previously married to intellectual Aurora Caceres and Spanish actress Raquel Meller . He also became famous for his travels , chronicles , bohemian lifestyle and his notorious numerous love affairs . At one point he was falsely accused of being the one that betrayed Mata Hari and gave the famous German spy to the French during World War I . Biography . In 1891 Gómez Carrillo won a scholarship to study in Spain , from then President of Guatemala Manuel Lisandro Barillas . Before moving there , he went to Paris , where he met several writers , such as Paul Verlaine , Moréas and Leconte de Lisle . He subsequently moved to France in 1892 , becoming a journalist for a Spanish newspaper thanks to his close friend the Spanish writer Alfredo Vicenti and becoming acquainted with many Parisian literary figures such as James Joyce , Oscar Wilde and Émile Zola . The following year he published his first book , Esquisses , which includes profiles of several writers of the time , and contributed to several publications . In 1898 he was back in Guatemala , and worked in the election campaign of interim president Manuel Estrada Cabrera , who rewarded him for his work by appointing him consul of Guatemala in Paris . Years later , the Argentine president Hipólito Yrigoyen also appoints him as a representative of Argentina . In 1895 he became a member of the Royal Spanish Academy . In France , he was awarded several times for his literary work : in 1906 he won the Montyon of the Académie Française for the French translation of his book The Japanese Soul . In 1916 he was made a Knight of the Legion of Honor , and later promoted to Commander in the same order . Journalism career . Ever since he arrived to Europe , Gómez Carrillo sent his critic and opinion articles to El Liberal , a prestigious Spanish newspaper . Press correspondent . Among the journalists in Europe there were very few that can match him and none better , getting to be known as Prince of the Chroniclers . His massive work production is not known in its entirety because he worked for a lot of different news outlets throughout his life ; the most famous were : 1 . Buenos Aires , Argentina : La Nación and La Razón 2 . La Habana , Cuba : Diario de La Marina 3 . Madrid , Spain : El Liberal -with two thousand six hundred sixty seven articles from 1899 to 1920- , Blanco y Negro , La Esfera , Pluma y Lápiz , Electra , El Imparcial and ABC -with five hundrerd seventy articles from 1921 to 1927- . Among his major contributions were : 1 . A report about Tsarist Russia in 1905 . During a trip to Saint Petersburg along with Alfredo Vincenti , director of El Liberal , he got to know first hand the tremendous reality of Tsar Nicholas II , the orthodox clergy , the student and worker movements , and the officials and nobles repression . After appearing in El Liberal , his news reports were reprinted in his book La Rusia Actual , -The current Russia with an introduction by Alfredo Vicenti . This book was the strongest denounce against the injustices in Russia written in Spanish . Given that it was not written by a politician or a government , it was regarded as an objective and unbiased analysis . 2 . Egypt , Japan and China , also in 1905 . After the victory of the Japanese Empire over the Russians , Gómez Carrillo convinced the director of the newspapers for whom he worked to allow him to visit the Far East . The voyages goal was to inform the readers of El Liberal and La Nación about what was going on in Japan after its victory , the consequence of the war and what was the path of this powerful empire , but his notes not only talk about politics and the social customs of those countries ; they also talk about the erotic customs and traditions of those places . His work appeared in two books : - De Marsella a Tokio , sensaciones de Egipto , la India , la China y el Japón ( From Marseille to Tokio , sensations of Egypt , Indian , China and Japan ) published in 1906 with an introduction written by Rubén Darío . - El Alma Japonesa ( The Japanese soul ) published in 1907 and dedicated to the President of Guatemala , Manuel Estrada Cabrera for making the worship of public instruction a modern religion . When this book was translated into French , the government of France granted him the Cross of the Legion of Honor due to his long , persevering and magnificent propaganda work about the French literary works and culture . 3 . Holy Land : after a trip by the Holy Land in 1913 , Gómez Carrillo wrote his book Jerusalén y la Tierra Santa ( Jerusalem and the Holy Land ) , which was very well received by the literary critics , but blasted by the religious groups . However , despite the religious criticism , the book was a best-seller in both Spain and Latin America . He was excommunicated by several bishops in both continents , but it was Rubén Darío who summarizes best who triumphed in the end : it is the firmest , most heartfelt and most thought after of all of his work.. . if this devil of a man wanted , even after the excommunication , a cardinal would write introductions for his books ! 4 . World War I : during the first three years of World War I , he worked as press correspondent of El Liberal , and thanks to his detailed chronicles , which came from his courage of getting close to enemy lines , the Spanish readers got to know the horrors of the front . A summary of his articles is found in his books : Crónica de la Guerra ( War Chronicles , 1915 ) , Reflejos de la Tragedia ( Reflections of the Tragedy , 1915 ) , En las Trincheras ( Inside the trenches , 1916 ) , and En el Corazón de la Tragedia ( At the heart of the tragedy , 1916 ) , among others . For his war contributions , the French government granted him the high dignity of Commentator of the Legion of Honor . He was also a skilled interviewer , and his most famous one was with pope Benedict XV during the war ; the Pope accepted to be interviewed by Gómez Carrillo in spite of being a well-known playboy and a heretic writer . In 1916 was appointed as El Liberal director , but could work in that position for a year due to his multiple travels as press correspondent . Magazines . In 1907 he began published the magazine El Nuevo Mercurio ( The new Mercury , which had first class contributions from the best Latin American writers : besides Gómez Carrillo , it had material from Catulle Mendes , Jean Moréas , Ruben Darío , José María Vargas Vila , Miguel de Unamuno , Manuel Ugarte , Amado Nervo , and others . Unfortunately , and despite the quality of its material , the magazine had to close because it did not appeal to the readers . Wives and famous romances . Given his intellectual and physical strengths , Gómez Carrillo was very popular with women , having a long list of affairs with artists , writers , and French socialites . However , there were a handful of ladies that were able -at least for a short while- keep him for themselves : - Alice Freville : French socialite , «charming , smart and very literate» with whom Gómez Carrillo lived a torrid romance when he arrived to Paris for the first time and then when he went to Madrid . Even though they split in 1902 , he used to visit her when he was stressed out and he always looked after her , until her death . - Aurora Cáceres : Peruvian feminist writer , daughter of the former President of Perú general Andrés Avelino Cáceres . They got married on June 6 , 1906 , but his constant mood swings and the unfamiliar Parisian ambiance , the marriage did not last and they split in April 1907 . She later described her life with the writer in her book Mi vida con Enrique Gómez Carrillo -My life with Enrique Gómez Carrillo- . In the book one can feel that she was aloof and that disliked the continuous parties and tourist trips who rather stayed reading at home . She was such a loner , that she like to have two single beds instead of a couples one . - Raquel Meller : in 1917 , Gómez Carrillo met the Spanish flamenco singer , who married him in 1919 after he wooed her in his writings . But then , his condition showed the life of excess he had led : his constant drinking binges and infidelities caused a lot of tension in the marriage . But everything collapsed when Raquel learned that he was wasting away her hard earned money . After a public ugly argument about their finances , they divorced in 1920 . - Consuelo Suncín : French-Salvadorian writer , who studied Literature and Law in México . She travelled to Paris along to her protector , José Vasconcelos . Once in Paris , she fell in love with Gómez Carrillo and married him in 1926 , becoming his widow just eleven months later , when he died of a stroke . Mata Hari scandal . Mata Hari was a famous exotic dancer , who was accused of espionage and then shot by French authorities due to her ties to the German secret services during World War I . Later on , admiral Wilhelm Canaris , German secret service director , told in his autobiography that it was him who betrayed Mata Hari given that her services were not needed anymore . At the time , a rumor that Gómez Carrillo and his wife Raquel Meller were the ones that told the French on Mata Hari -even though at the time Gómez Carrillo had not met Raquel yet- ; Gómez Carrillo took advantage of the scandal to increase his fame and prestige , and even wrote a book on it : El Misterio de la Vida y de la Muerte de Mata Hari -The mystery of Mata Haris life and death- . Maurice Maeterlinck described Gómez Carrillo as a true Renaissance man , living his life to the extreme as a relentless dueler , syphilitic , traveller and correspondent . He died on November 29 , 1927 , and is buried in Pariss Père Lachaise Cemetery ; years later , when Consuelo died , she was buried alongside him ; upon his death , she inherited his two homes in Paris and Cimiez , near Nice . Death . Gómez Carrillo died in París , on 27 November 1927 victim of an aneurysm following years of excess and is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery . Next to him are the remains of his last wife , Consuelo , who had become countess of Saint-Exupéry after her third marriage , to French pilot and writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry . Monument in Guatemala City . On 9 July 1941 , by initiative Nicaraguan write Juan Manuel Mendoza , who wrote Gómez Carrillos biography , a Committee pro Enrique Gómez Carrillo Monument was created , and it was in charge of Natalia Górriz de Morales . Among those who worked with the committee were Miguel Ángel Asturias and Federico Hernández de León , who put at the committees service the Diario del Aire broadcasts , and Nuestro Diario newspaper , respectively . Finally , during Dr . Juan José Arévalo presidency , in 1947 the monument was opened to the public in Concordia square , which was renamed as Enrique Gómez Carrillo Park . Monument in Guatemala City General Cemetery . In 1960 a tomb for those famous Guatemalan intellectuals that had died overseas was built in the Guatemala City General Cemetery Unfortunately , due to the coup détat of 1963 that deposed general Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes , President of Guatemala and sponsor of this idea , the project was abandoned ; only Antonio José de Irisarri -who died in New York City in 1868 and whose remains were taken back to Guatemala in 1968- and poet Domingo Estrada -who died in Paris in 1901- are buried in the tomb . In the case of Gómez Carrillo , due to the impossibility of getting his remains , his name was inscribed on a plaque in bronze letters . By the end of the 20th century , all the bronze letters had been stolen , the plaque covered with graffiti and the whole place is totally abandoned . Literary works . Gómez Carrillo became the author of nearly eighty books of various genres , and is known primarily for his chronicles ( crónicas ) , characterized by modernist prose . He contributed to numerous publications in Spain , France and Latin America , and headed El Nuevo Mercurio ( 1907 ) and Cosmópolis ( 1919–1922 ) . Gómez Carrillo lived mainly in Madrid and Paris . It was in Madrid where he decided to change his surname from Gomez Tible to Gómez Carrillo , mortified by the joking of others . A tireless traveler , he wrote numerous chronicles that collected his impressions of the places he visited : the enchanting París ( 1902 ) , La Rusia actual ( 1906 ) , La Grecia eterna ( 1908 ) , El Japón heroico y galante ( 1912 ) , La sonrisa de la esfinge ( 1913 ) , Jerusalén y la Tierra Santa ( 1914 ) and Vistas de Europa ( 1919 ) . He was also the author of several essays , autobiographies and literary criticisms on Art Sensation ( 1893 ) Foreign Literature ( 1895 ) , Modernism ( 1905 ) , Exotic literatures ( 1920 ) , Sappho , and other seductive courtesans ( 1921 ) , The mystery of life and death of Mata Hari ( 1923 ) , The hundred masterpieces of world literature ( 1924 ) and New French literature ( 1927 ) . As for his narrative , immoral novels include Of love , of pain and vice ( 1898 ) , Bohemia sentimental ( 1899 ) , Wonderland ( 1899 , 1922 ) and The Gospel of Love ( 1922 ) . Erotic themes predominates within the aesthetic decadence of his writings . Forgotten in Guatemala . Guatemala is probably the country where Gómez Carrillo is least known , and where the few that do know about his work , are those who criticize it the most . Official cultura curriculum has ignored him , neglecting both his persona and his work . Luis Cardoza y Aragón , has been the direct culprit of this ; in both of his memoirs Cardoza y Aragón wrote complete chapters about Gómez Carrillo where he attacks the writer mercilessly . Cardozas criticism , however , cannot completely hide his resentment and envy toward the writer who visited him in Paris in his youth , and to whom he dedicated his very first poems book . It is until the 21st century that a collection about representative writers in the American continent has published a chapter explaining the deliberate neglect around Gómez Carrillos memory in his home country . The chapter state that : ever since Darío died in 1916 there has been a lot of books about modernism . Generally , they ignore Gómez Carrillo . This musketeer winner in life , has not escaped the destiny of those who indulge in their excesses . Besides , he lacked something critical to accomplish immediate celebrity : loved relatives and a protector government.» Further along , the chapter says : « [ ... ] in Guatemala , asking about Gómez Carrillo , no body had any information . His own brother , language professor , carries along completely oblivious to his brothers glory [ ... ] and the bookstores do no have any of his works [ ... ] it is easier to find them in Buenos Aires and in Madrid , for sure . In Spain , in the 2010s , there has been a renewed interest in Gómez Carrillos works ; some of his best books have been reprinted and starting in 2014 -with the centennial of World War I- there have been printings of several books with the articles that he wrote about the war for El Liberal of Madrid and La Nación of Buenos Aires .