Nikolaos Bouropoulos
Who was the head of Council of State (Greece) from 1977 to 1981?
Council of State ( Greece ) In Greece , the Council of State ( ) is the Supreme Administrative Court of Greece . Organization . The Council is headed by its president , who is chosen from among the members of the Council by the Cabinet of Greece for a term of four years . The court comprises the presiding board ( the President and 7 Vice-presidents ) , 42 Privy Councillors , 48 Associate Judges and 50 Reporting Judges , all graduates of the National School of Judges . The Council is seated in the Arsakeion building in the centre of Athens . The Council executes its jurisdiction in Plenary Session or in six Chambers-Judicial Formations ( Α , Β , Γ , Δ , Ε and ΣΤ ) . Each Chamber may have two compositions : five-member or seven-member . The jurisdiction of the Plenary Session is determined by the law ( Legislative Decree 170/1973 , Article 14 ) , while the competence of the Chambers is determined by the law and the presidential decrees , proposed by the Minister of Justice after an opinion of the Council . After the Constitutional Amendment of 2001 the Plenary Session ( and not the Chambers ) is the only competent to judge the constitutionality of laws . The Plenary Session is , also , competent : a ) for cases of general interest that the President introduces directly into it , b ) for cases that one of the Chambers submits to it . These cases are submitted by the Chambers to the Plenary Session for two reasons : either because they are cases of general interest or because the applicable legislative provision is judged unconstitutional . History . The Council was first founded in 1835 and it constituted an imitation of the French Conseil dÉtat . It had advisory competence with respect to the draft decrees and administrative jurisdiction , issuing irrevocable decisions . The Council was suppressed by the Constitution of 1844 ( article 102 ) . Following the deposing of King Otto in 1862 , the National Assembly that was convened decided to re-establish the Council in order to prepare and deliberate on law proposals . The new 1864 Constitution provided for a revision of this in the forthcoming parliamentary session , provided that a 3/4 majority voted against it . On 25 November 1865 a law was passed that abolished the Council of State again . Although the Constitution of 1911 provided for its re-establishment , it was not refounded until 1928 ( Law 3713/1928 as it has been repeatedly revised ) , after the adoption of the Constitution of 1927 ( articles 102-105 ) . Its first president , from 1928 until 1935 , was Konstantinos Raktivan . Its jurisdiction and composition is now provided for in the Constitution of 1975/1985/2001 ( article 95 ) , the Law 170/1973 ( as revised ) and the Presidential Decree 18/1989 . Administrative competence . The administrative competence of the Council , as one of the three Big Bodies of the Public Administration ( the other two are the Chamber of Accounts and the Hellenic Legal Council ) is regulated by the article 95 of the Constitution of 1974/1985/2001 and consists in the elaboration of all the regulative decrees , namely of all the decrees that include impersonal ( nor referring to a particular person ) legal rules . Competent for this elaboration is the fifth ( Ε ) Chamber of the Council , composed , for such cases , of three or five members . The Chamber may , at its option , submit the case to the nine member Plenary Session . The submission is obligatory for the Chamber , when the constitutionality of the relevant to the decree legal provisions is judged ( article 100 of the Constitution after the Amendment of 2001 ) . The Administration is obliged to send the regulative decrees to the Conseil for elaboration but it is not obliged to follow the consultory response of the Council . Nonetheless , the Administration usually abides by the Councils opinion . A promulgated regulative decree , if not sent to the Council for elaboration before its promulgation , shall be annulled , if a recourse ( writ of annulment ) is submitted to the competent court ( the Conseil d Etat or the Administrative Court of Appeals ) . The elaboration of the decrees by the Council is limited to the lato sensu legality ( and the constitutionality of the relevant legal provisions ) of the decrees , while the respective control of the French Conseil dÉtat goes to the substance of the context of the elaborated decree . Litigation . The Council is the head of the system of administrative justice and it constitutes the Supreme Administrative Court . A case is introduced into the Council with the following legal means or remedies : - the recourse ( αίτηση ακύρωσης ; the accurate translation is writ of annulment ) , with which the annulment of an administrative act is pursued . The Council judges only the legal aspects of the case and not the true facts . Its decision includes a judgement about legality and not a control upon the merits . - the writ of certiorari ( αίτηση αναιρέσεως ) against the decisions of the lower administrative courts ( Administrative Courts of First Instance and Administrative Courts of Appeals ) , which judge recourses ( προσφυγές ) and their decisions include a control upon the merits . The writ of certiorari is constitutionally consolidated ( article 95 of the Constitution 1975/1986/2001 ) and places the Council at the top of the administrative branch of justice , because it has the last word in the legal aspects of every administrative litigation . - the clerical recourse , with which disputes between the State and the civil servants are introduced into the Council . The decision of the Council includes a judgement both about the legality and upon the merits of the case . - the appeal against the decisions of the Administrative Court of Appeals , which judges at first instance certain writs of annulment ( according to the provisions of the Law 702/1977 ) . In this case , the Council judges as a court of appeals and the Administrative Court of Appeals as a court of first instance . Acts of government . Following the jurisprudence of the French Conseil dÉtat , the Council refuses to examine the legality of certain administrative acts , which are called acts of government . The Council includes in this limited category : - acts regulating the relationships between the executive branch and the Parliament , such as the dissolution of the Parliament or the act proclaiming a referendum . - acts connected with the foreign policy of Greece , such as international conventions , acts promulgated for the application of international treaties , acts relevant to the diplomatic protection of Greek citizens abroad etc . - the declaration of mobilisation . - the granting of pardons . Procedure . The procedure is based on the principles of the inquisitorial system and of the initiative of the litigant . According to this last principle the litigant is responsible for the commencement of the procedure . International relations . The Council of State is a founding member of the International Association of Supreme Administrative Courts and , since Greece’s accession to the European Union , of the Association of the Councils of State and Supreme Administrative Jurisdictions of the European Union . It also participates to the Commission of Venice , the Council of Europes advisory body on constitutional matters . Presidents . - Konstantinos Raktivan ( 1929–1935 ) - Stamos Papafrangos ( 1935–1941 ) - Panagiotis Triantafyllakos ( 1941–1943 ) - Panagiotis Poulitsas ( 1943–1951 ) , interim Prime Minister in April 1946 - Sotirios Souliotis ( 1951–1961 ) - Charilaos Mitrelias ( 1961–1966 ) , Deputy Prime Minister in October–November 1973 - Michail Stasinopoulos ( 1966–1969 ) , interim President of the Republic in 1974–75 - Alexandros Dimitsas ( 1969–1974 ) - Georgios Marangopoulos ( 1974–1976 ) - Othon Kyriakos ( 1976–1977 ) - Nikolaos Bouropoulos ( 1977–1981 ) - Angelos Iatridis ( 1981–1983 ) - Themistoklis Kourousopoulos ( 1983–1988 ) - Vasileios Rotis ( 1988 ) - Vasileios Botopoulos ( 1988–1999 ) - Christos Geraris ( 1999–2005 ) - Georgios Papangiotopoulos ( 2005–2010 ) - Panagiotis Pikrammenos ( 2010–16 May 2012 ) , interim Prime Minister in May–June 2012 - Konstantinos Menoudakos ( 17 May 2012 – 30 June 2013 ) - Sotirios Rizos ( 2013–2015 ) - Nikolaos Sakellariou ( 2015–2018 ) - Aikaterini Sakellaropoulou ( 2018–2020 ) - Athanasios Rantos ( 2020–present )