Archbishop of Utrecht Primate of the Netherlands
Johannes de Jong took which position between Jan 1936 and Feb 1936?
Johannes de Jong Johannes de Jong ( September 10 , 1885 – September 8 , 1955 ) was a Dutch Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church . He served as Archbishop of Utrecht from 1936 until his death , and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1946 by Pope Pius XII . Early life and ordination . Johannes de Jong was born in Nes , a village on the island of Ameland , as the eldest of nine children of Jan de Jong , a baker , and his wife Trijntje Mosterman . After attending the minor seminary in Culemborg from 1898 to 1904 , de Jong then studied at the Seminary of Rijsenburg for four years . He was ordained to the priesthood on August 15 , 1908 , and further studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University and the Angelicum in Rome , obtaining his doctorates in philosophy and theology . His two youngest brothers , Julius ( 1896-1923 ) and Wiebren ( 1898-1962 ) were also priests . Priest . De Jong did pastoral work in Amersfoort , including work with the Sisters of Mercy , until 1914 , when he was made a professor at the Rijsenburg seminary on November 6 . Becoming the seminarys rector on August 14 , 1931 , he was named a canon of the cathedral of Utrecht in 1933 . Bishop and Archbishop . On August 3 , 1935 , de Jong was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Utrecht and Titular Archbishop of Rhusium . He received his episcopal consecration on the following September 12 from Bishop Pieter Hopmans , with Bishops Arnold Diepen and Johannes Smit serving as co-consecrators , in St . Catherines Cathedral . De Jong succeeded Johannes Henricus Gerardus Jansen as Archbishop of Utrecht and thus Primate of the Netherlands . He was also the first archbishop in the Netherlands with a university degree since the restoration of the Dutch Catholic hierarchy in the middle of the 19th century . He said he didnt want to be another Theodor Innitzer , his colleague in Vienna with fascist sympathies . De Jong ordered his priests to refuse the sacraments to Nazi Dutchmen . During the Second World War , he was one of the major leaders against the Nazi occupation of Netherlands . On July 26 , 1942 Dutch bishops , including Archbishop Johannes de Jong , issued a decree that openly condemned Nazi deportations of Dutch workers and Jews . The Nazis retaliated by seizing 245 Catholics of Jewish descent , including Edith Stein . The Vatican used the Netherlands experience to explain its silence during the years of the Holocaust . After the German retaliation , Sister Pasqualina Lehnert , Pius XIIs housekeeper and confidante , said the Pope was convinced that while the Bishop’s protest cost more than two hundred lives , a protest by him would mean at least two hundred thousand innocent lives that he was not ready to sacrifice . While politicians , generals , and dictators might gamble with the lives of people , a Pope could not . Cardinal . De Jong was created Cardinal Priest of S . Clemente by Pope Pius XII in the consistory of February 18 , 1946 , but could not travel to Rome for the ceremony as he was recovering from a car accident . However , on October 12 of that year , the Dutch prelate went to Castel Gandolfo to receive his red hat from Pope Pius . In 1951 , de Jong , who was the first resident Dutch cardinal since the Protestant Reformation , had to leave the administration of the archdiocese to his coadjutor , Bernardus Johannes Alfrink . Meanwhile , de Jong retired to the same house where he had lived during his early priestly ministry in Amersfoort . Death . De Jong died in his sleep after a long illness in Amersfoort , two days before his 70th birthday . He is buried at St . Barbara cemetery in the court of St . Catherines Cathedral . External links . - Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Catholic-Hierarchy