huashen218/convxai-cia-dataset huggingface dataset:
Title: “It Basically Started Using Me:” An Observational Study of Password Manager Usage
Authors: family: Oesch
given: Sean; family: Ruoti
given: Scott; family: Simmons
given: James; family: Gautam
given: Anuj
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: observational study, password manager, grounded theory

Abstract: There is limited information regarding how users employ password managers in the wild and why they use them in that manner. To address this knowledge gap, we conduct observational interviews with 32 password manager users. Using grounded theory, we identify four theories describing the processes and rationale behind participants’ usage of password managers. We find that many users simultaneously use both a browser-based and a third-party manager, using each as a backup for the other, with this new paradigm having intriguing usability and security implications. Users also eschew generated passwords because these passwords are challenging to enter and remember when the manager is unavailable, necessitating new generators that create easy-to-enter and remember passwords. Additionally, the credential audits provided by most managers overwhelm users, limiting their utility and indicating a need for more proactive and streamlined notification systems. We also discuss mobile usage, adoption and promotion, and other related topics.
Title: Automating Contextual Privacy Policies: Design and Evaluation of a Production Tool for Digital Consumer Privacy Awareness
Authors: family: Windl
given: Maximiliane; family: Henze
given: Niels; family: Schmidt
given: Albrecht; family: Feger
given: Sebastian S.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: contextual privacy, privacy, online services, privacy policies

Abstract: Users avoid engaging with privacy policies because they are lengthy and complex, making it challenging to retrieve relevant information. In response, research proposed contextual privacy policies (CPPs) that embed relevant privacy information directly into their affiliated contexts. To date, CPPs are limited to concept showcases. This work evolves CPPs into a production tool that automatically extracts and displays concise policy information. We first evaluated the technical functionality on the US’s 500 most visited websites with 59 participants. Based on our results, we further revised the tool to deploy it in the wild with 11 participants over ten days. We found that our tool is effective at embedding CPP information on websites. Moreover, we found that the tool’s usage led to more reflective privacy behavior, making CPPs powerful in helping users understand the consequences of their online activities. We contribute design implications around CPP presentation to inform future systems design.
Title: Obfuscation Remedies Harms Arising from Content Flagging of Photos
Authors: family: Li
given: Yifang; family: Caine
given: Kelly
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: security, sensitive content, user experience, photo obfuscation, photo privacy, privacy

Abstract: People share photos on Social Networks Sites, but at the same time want to keep some photo content private. This tension between sharing and privacy has led researchers to try to solve this problem, but without considering users’ needs. To fill this gap, we present a novel interface that expands privacy options beyond recipient-control (R). Our system can also flag sensitive content (C) and obfuscate (O) it (RCO). We then describe the results of a two-step experiment that compares RCO with two alternative interfaces - (R) which mimics existing SNS privacy options by providing recipient control, and a system that in addition to recipient control also flags sensitive content (RC). Results suggest RC performs worse than R regarding perceived privacy risks, willingness to share, and user experience. However, RCO, which provides obfuscation options, restores these metrics to the same levels as R. We conclude by providing insights on system implementation.
Title: Predicting and Explaining Mobile UI Tappability with Vision Modeling and Saliency Analysis
Authors: family: Schoop
given: Eldon; family: Zhou
given: Xin; family: Li
given: Gang; family: Chen
given: Zhourong; family: Hartmann
given: Bjoern; family: Li
given: Yang
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Interpretability, Deep Learning, Mobile UIs, Explainable AI

Abstract: UI designers often correct false affordances and improve the discoverability of features when users have trouble determining if elements are tappable. We contribute a novel system that models the perceived tappability of mobile UI elements with a vision-based deep neural network and helps provide design insights with dataset-level and instance-level explanations of model predictions. Our system retrieves designs from similar mobile UI examples from our dataset using the latent space of our model. We also contribute a novel use of an interpretability algorithm, XRAI, to generate a heatmap of UI elements that contribute to a given tappability prediction. Through several examples, we show how our system can help automate elements of UI usability analysis and provide insights for designers to iterate their designs. In addition, we share findings from an exploratory evaluation with professional designers to learn how AI-based tools can aid UI design and evaluation for tappability issues.
Title: BIGexplore: Bayesian Information Gain Framework for Information Exploration
Authors: family: Son
given: Kihoon; family: Kim
given: Kyungmin; family: Hyun
given: Kyung Hoon
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: information exploration, Bayesian information gain, design exploration, computational interaction, information retrieval

Abstract: The Bayesian information gain (BIG) framework has garnered significant interest as an interaction method for predicting a user’s intended target based on a user’s input. However, the BIG framework is constrained to goal-oriented cases, which renders it difficult to support changing goal-oriented cases such as design exploration. During the design exploration process, the design direction is often undefined and may vary over time. The designer’s mental model specifying the design direction is sequentially updated through the information-retrieval process. Therefore, tracking the change point of a user’s goal is crucial for supporting an information exploration. We introduce the BIGexplore framework for changing goal-oriented cases. BIGexplore detects transitions in a user’s browsing behavior as well as the user’s next target. Furthermore, a user study on BIGexplore confirms that the computational cost is significantly reduced compared with the existing BIG framework, and it plausibly detects the point where the user changes goals.
Title: Speeding up Inference with User Simulators through Policy Modulation
Authors: family: Moon
given: Hee-Seung; family: Do
given: Seungwon; family: Kim
given: Wonjae; family: Seo
given: Jiwon; family: Chang
given: Minsuk; family: Lee
given: Byungjoo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: inverse modeling, point-and-click, simulation model

Abstract: The simulation of user behavior with deep reinforcement learning agents has shown some recent success. However, the inverse problem, that is, inferring the free parameters of the simulator from observed user behaviors, remains challenging to solve. This is because the optimization of the new action policy of the simulated agent, which is required whenever the model parameters change, is computationally impractical. In this study, we introduce a network modulation technique that can obtain a generalized policy that immediately adapts to the given model parameters. Further, we demonstrate that the proposed technique improves the efficiency of user simulator-based inference by eliminating the need to obtain an action policy for novel model parameters. We validated our approach using the latest user simulator for point-and-click behavior. Consequently, we succeeded in inferring the user’s cognitive parameters and intrinsic reward settings with less than 1/1000 computational power to those of existing methods.
Title: Quantifying Proactive and Reactive Button Input
Authors: family: Kim
given: Hyunchul; family: Hornbæk
given: Kasper; family: Lee
given: Byungjoo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Button input, temporal pointing, reaction, anticipation

Abstract: When giving input with a button, users follow one of two strategies: (1) react to the output from the computer or (2) proactively act in anticipation of the output from the computer. We propose a technique to quantify reactiveness and proactiveness to determine the degree and characteristics of each input strategy. The technique proposed in this study uses only screen recordings and does not require instrumentation beyond the input logs. The likelihood distribution of the time interval between the button inputs and system outputs, which is uniquely determined for each input strategy, is modeled. Then the probability that each observed input/output pair originates from a specific strategy is estimated along with the parameters of the corresponding likelihood distribution. In two empirical studies, we show how to use the technique to answer questions such as how to design animated transitions and how to predict a player’s score in real-time games.
Title: Have We Taken On Too Much?: A Critical Review of the Sustainable HCI Landscape
Authors: family: Bremer
given: Christina; family: Knowles
given: Bran; family: Friday
given: Adrian
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Climate Change, Sustainable HCI, Sustainability, Reflective HCI, Policy

Abstract: By CHI 2022, fifteen years will have passed since the emergence of Sustainable HCI (SHCI), which now constitutes an important subfield of HCI. In this paper, we draw on two SHCI corpora to ask: Has SHCI progressed? How has the field responded to prominent critiques? Have we identified and adopted constructive strategies for impacting environmental unsustainability? We further show the wide array of competencies SHCI researchers have been called to develop, and how this has been reflected in subsequent work. Our analysis identifies significant shifts in the SHCI landscape, toward research that is diverse and holistic, but also away from efforts to address the urgent climate crisis. We posit that SHCI has tended to take on far more than it could reasonably expect to deliver, and propose ‘Green Policy informatics’ as a pathway that enables SHCI to leverage a more traditional HCI skillset in addressing climate change.
Title: COVID Student Study: A Year in the Life of College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic Through the Lens of Mobile Phone Sensing
Authors: family: Nepal
given: Subigya; family: Wang
given: Weichen; family: Vojdanovski
given: Vlado; family: Huckins
given: Jeremy F; family: daSilva
given: Alex; family: Meyer
given: Meghan; family: Campbell
given: Andrew
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Pandemic, Mobile Sensing, Digital Phenotyping, Mental health, COVID-19

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect the daily life of college students, impacting their social life, education, stress levels and overall mental well-being. We study and assess behavioral changes of N=180 undergraduate college students one year prior to the pandemic as a baseline and then during the first year of the pandemic using mobile phone sensing and behavioral inference. We observe that certain groups of students experience the pandemic very differently. Furthermore, we explore the association of self-reported COVID-19 concern with students’ behavior and mental health. We find that heightened COVID-19 concern is correlated with increased depression, anxiety and stress. We evaluate the performance of different deep learning models to classify student COVID-19 concerns with an AUROC and F1 score of 0.70 and 0.71, respectively. Our study spans a two-year period and provides a number of important insights into the life of college students during this period.
Title: Towards Conviviality in NavigatingHealth Information on Social Media
Authors: family: Karusala
given: Naveena; family: Anderson
given: Richard
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: social media, misinformation, health information, India

Abstract: HCI is increasingly concerned with health information quality and spread of misinformation on social media. Despite many major platforms having been adopted across the world, the situated evaluation and sharing of health information is underexplored across diverse health systems and cultural and political contexts. Drawing on semi-structured interviews, we study the navigation of health information on social media in urban and rural South India, backdropped by plural knowledges around health and the specific politics and sociality of health and social media in this setting. We use Ivan Illich’s concept of tools for conviviality [49] to distinguish between how people creatively use tools versus how tools manage and impose values on people—participants aimed to use health information towards care beyond institutionalized healthcare, but insidious misinformation and information-sharing practices served to commodify, spark uncertainty in, and discipline caring behavior. We use our findings to expand understandings of the use of health information on social media and how positionality shapes how people are affected by and respond to misinformation. We also draw attention to the structural aspects of health misinformation in the Indian context and how the design of social media platforms might play a role in addressing it.
Title: Exploring Experiences of Self-Directed Care Budgets: Design Implications for Socio-Technical Interventions
Authors: family: Glick
given: Peter; family: Clarke
given: Rachel E; family: Crivellaro
given: Clara
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: disability, self-directed care budgets, healthcare, Caregivers, Personal Health Budgets

Abstract: The role of HCI in informal caregivers’ lives has been a focus of research for some time. Yet to gain significance in HCI, are the implications of healthcare systems’ transformation into a personalised care paradigm, where citizens gain choice and control over the delivery of their care. We provide a first HCI paper to examine self-directed care budgets for disabled citizens, where care funding is controlled by the individual. We explore how digital technology can assist citizens, promoting peer support to create meaningful, personalised healthcare infrastructures. This qualitative study contributes insights from interviews and focus groups with 24 disabled citizens, informal caregivers and healthcare officers, to provide understanding of their experiences and practices. These insights highlight relational care, invisible labour, power struggles with authorities and how citizens seek socio-technical capability. We contribute design implications for self-directed care budgets and HCI research concerned with developing technologies that support this population.
Title: “A Second Voice”: Investigating Opportunities and Challenges for Interactive Voice Assistants to Support Home Health Aides
Authors: family: Bartle
given: Vince; family: Lyu
given: Janice; family: El Shabazz-Thompson
given: Freesoul; family: Oh
given: Yunmin; family: Chen
given: Angela Anqi; family: Chang
given: Yu-Jan; family: Holstein
given: Kenneth; family: Dell
given: Nicola
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: intelligent agent, Voice assistant, home health aides, home health care, AI, future of work., community health

Abstract: Home health aides are a vulnerable group of frontline caregivers who provide personal and medically-oriented care in patients’ homes. Their work is difficult and unpredictable, involving a mix of physical and emotional labor as they adapt to patients’ changing needs. Our paper presents an exploratory, qualitative study with 32 participants, that investigates design opportunities for Interactive Voice Assistants (IVAs) to support aides’ essential care work. We explore challenges and opportunities for IVAs to (1) fill gaps in aides’ access to information and care coordination, (2) assist with decision making and task completion, (3) advocate on behalf of aides, and (4) provide emotional support. We then discuss key implications of our work, including how materiality may impact perceived ownership and usage of IVAs, the need to carefully consider tensions around surveillance, accountability, data collection, and reporting, and the challenges of centering aides as essential workers in complex home health care contexts.
Title: Light-In-Light-Out (Li-Lo) Displays: Harvesting and Manipulating Light to Provide Novel Forms of Communication
Authors: family: Seunarine
given: Krishna; family: Kalarikalayil Raju
given: Dani; family: Thomas
given: Gethin; family: Thomas
given: Suzanne K; family: Pockett
given: Adam; family: Reitmaier
given: Thomas; family: Steer
given: Cameron; family: Owen
given: Tom; family: Meena
given: Yogesh Kumar; family: Robinson
given: Simon; family: Pearson
given: Jennifer; family: Carnie
given: Matt; family: Sahoo
given: Deepak Ranjan; family: Jones
given: Matt
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: public displays., Sustainability, ambient devices / internet of things

Abstract: Many of us daily encounter shadow and reflected light patterns alongside macro-level changes in ambient light levels. These are caused by elements—opaque objects, glass, mirrors, even clouds—in our environment interfacing with sunlight or artificial indoor lighting. Inspired by these phenomena, we explored ways of creating digitally-supported displays that use light, shade and reflection for output and harness the energy they need to operate from the sun or indoor ambient light. Through a set of design workshops we developed exemplar devices: SolarPix, ShadMo and GlowBoard. We detail their function and implementation, as well as evidencing their technical viability. The designs were informed by material understandings from the Global North and Global South and demonstrated in a cross-cultural workshop run in parallel in India and South Africa where community co-designers reflected on their uses and value given lived experience of their communication practices and unreliable energy networks.
Title: Logic Bonbon: Exploring Food as Computational Artifact
Authors: family: Deng
given: Jialin; family: Olivier
given: Patrick; family: Andres
given: Josh; family: Ellis
given: Kirsten; family: Wee
given: Ryan; family: Floyd Mueller
given: Florian
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Edible Fluidics, Food Design, Human-Food Interaction

Abstract: In recognition of food's significant experiential pleasures, culinary practitioners and designers are increasingly exploring novel combinations of computing technologies and food. However, despite much creative endeavors, proposals and prototypes have so far largely maintained a traditional divide, treating food and technology as separate entities. In contrast, we present a “Research through Design” exploration of the notion of food as computational artifact: wherein food itself is the material of computation. We describe the Logic Bonbon, a dessert that can hydrodynamically regulate its flavor via a fluidic logic system. Through a study of experiencing the Logic Bonbon and reflection on our design practice, we offer a provisional account of how food as computational artifact can mediate new interactions through a novel approach to food-computation integration, that promotes an enriched future of Human-Food Interaction.
Title: Slabforge: Design Software for Slab-Based Ceramics
Authors: family: Horn
given: Melody; family: Traylor
given: Amy; family: Buechley
given: Leah
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Computational Design, Slab, Ceramics, Fabrication, Craft, Clay, Hybrid Craft, Design Software

Abstract: Slab-based ceramics are constructed by rolling out flat sheets of clay, cutting out a pattern, and then folding the cut clay to build a three-dimensional design. Slabforge is an open-source web-based software application that supports slab-based ceramics. It enables users to design a range of simple 3D forms and then generate flat patterns and matching 3D-printable slump molds that support the construction of those forms. This paper discusses the development of the software in the context of our own ceramics practice and then describes the results of a study in which students in an introductory ceramics course used Slabforge to create tea sets. We use both of these experiences to motivate a critical reflection on the relationships between materials, craft, digital fabrication, and software, introducing three themes of friction that we encountered during the course of this project.
Title: ”It Puts Life into My Creations”: Understanding Fluid Fiber as a Media for Expressive Display
Authors: family: Liu
given: Guanhong; family: Xu
given: Haiqing; family: Ding
given: Xianghua(Sharon); family: Gao
given: Mingyue; family: Li
given: Bowen; family: Ruan
given: Fushen; family: Mi
given: Haipeng
Venue: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Participatory design, Affordance, Fluid Fiber, Fabrication, Toolkits, Dynamic display

Abstract: Fluid fiber, with fluid flowing in a tube, is an attractive material to flexibly and dynamically display digital information. While it has recently attracted attention from the HCI field, there is currently little knowledge about this material, limited to controlling the position of the droplets to present representational information like letters and numbers. To develop a broader and deepened understanding of this material and its potential for display design, we conducted a study based on a design workshop where art and design practitioners engaged in creation practice with a toolkit we designed and developed. The toolkit includes hardware components for controlling bubbles and droplets and a GUI design tool for arranging the fluid layout. Our research reveals the structural and expressive affordance of such a fluid fiber for displaying information, highlighting the unique value of fluidity as an intuitive form to express life, emotion, movement and changes.