huashen218/convxai-cia-dataset huggingface dataset:
Title: What Makes a “Bad” Ad? User Perceptions of Problematic Online Advertising
Authors: family: Zeng
given: Eric; family: Kohno
given: Tadayoshi; family: Roesner
given: Franziska
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: dark patterns, online advertising, deceptive advertising

Abstract: Online display advertising on websites is widely disliked by users, with many turning to ad blockers to avoid “bad” ads. Recent evidence suggests that today’s ads contain potentially problematic content, in addition to well-studied concerns about the privacy and intrusiveness of ads. However, we lack knowledge of which types of ad content users consider problematic and detrimental to their browsing experience. Our work bridges this gap: first, we create a taxonomy of 15 positive and negative user reactions to online advertising from a survey of 60 participants. Second, we characterize classes of online ad content that users dislike or find problematic, using a dataset of 500 ads crawled from popular websites, labeled by 1000 participants using our taxonomy. Among our findings, we report that users consider a substantial amount of ads on the web today to be clickbait, untrustworthy, or distasteful, including ads for software downloads, listicles, and health & supplements.
Title: Do Cross-Cultural Differences in Visual Attention Patterns Affect Search Efficiency on Websites?
Authors: family: Baughan
given: Amanda; family: Oliveira
given: Nigini; family: August
given: Tal; family: Yamashita
given: Naomi; family: Reinecke
given: Katharina
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: website search efficiency, visual attention, culture

Abstract: Prior work in cross-cultural psychology and neuroscience has shown robust variations in visual attention patterns. People from East Asian societies, in which a holistic thinking style predominates, have been found to attend to contextual information in scenes more than Westerners, whose tendency to think analytically expresses itself in greater attention to foreground objects. This paper applies these findings to website design, using an online study to evaluate whether Japanese (N=65) remember more and are faster at finding contextual website information than US Americans (N=84). Our results do not support this hypothesis. Instead, Japanese overall took significantly longer to find information than US participants—a difference that was exacerbated by an increase in website complexity—suggesting that Japanese may holistically take in a website before engaging with detailed information. We discuss implications of these findings for website design and cross-cultural research.
Title: SpatialProto: Exploring Real-World Motion Captures for Rapid Prototyping of Interactive Mixed Reality
Authors: family: Müller
given: Leon; family: Pfeuffer
given: Ken; family: Gugenheimer
given: Jan; family: Pfleging
given: Bastian; family: Prange
given: Sarah; family: Alt
given: Florian
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: interaction, mixed reality, Spatial prototyping, animation

Abstract: Spatial computing devices that blend virtual and real worlds have the potential to soon become ubiquitous. Yet, creating experiences for spatial computing is non-trivial and needs skills in programming and 3D content creation, rendering them inaccessible to a wider group of users. We present SpatialProto, an in-situ spatial prototyping system for lowering the barrier to engage in spatial prototyping. With a depth-sensing capable mixed reality headset, SpatialProto lets users record animated objects of the real-world environment (e.g. paper, clay, people, or any other prop), extract only the relevant parts, and directly place and transform these recordings in their physical environment. We describe the design and implementation of SpatialProto, a user study evaluating the system’s prototype with non-expert users (n = 9), and demonstrate applications where multiple captures are fused for compelling augmented reality experiences.
Title: Designing Interactive Transfer Learning Tools for ML Non-Experts
Authors: family: Mishra
given: Swati; family: Rzeszotarski
given: Jeffrey M
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Transfer Learning, Prototyping, User Study, Interactive Machine Learning

Abstract: Interactive machine learning (iML) tools help to make ML accessible to users with limited ML expertise. However, gathering necessary training data and expertise for model-building remains challenging. Transfer learning, a process where learned representations from a model trained on potentially terabytes of data can be transferred to a new, related task, offers the possibility of providing ”building blocks” for non-expert users to quickly and effectively apply ML in their work. However, transfer learning largely remains an expert tool due to its high complexity. In this paper, we design a prototype to understand non-expert user behavior in an interactive environment that supports transfer learning. Our findings reveal a series of data- and perception-driven decision-making strategies non-expert users employ, to (in)effectively transfer elements using their domain expertise. Finally, we synthesize design implications which might inform future interactive transfer learning environments.
Title: The Development and Validation of the Technology-Supported Reflection Inventory
Authors: family: Bentvelzen
given: Marit; family: Niess
given: Jasmin; family: Woźniak
given: Mikołaj P.; family: Woźniak
given: Paweł W.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: construal, reflection, tracking, personal informatics

Abstract: Reflection is an often addressed design goal in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research. An increasing number of artefacts for reflection have been developed in recent years. However, evaluating if and how an interactive technology helps a user reflect is still complex. This makes it difficult to compare artefacts (or prototypes) for reflection, impeding future design efforts. To address this issue, we developed the Technology-Supported Reflection Inventory (TSRI), which is a scale that evaluates how effectively a system supports reflection. We first created a list of possible scale items based on past work in defining reflection. The items were then reviewed by experts. Next, we performed exploratory factor analysis to reduce the scale to its final length of nine items. Subsequently, we confirmed test-retest validity of our instrument, as well as its construct validity. The TSRI enables researchers and practitioners to compare prototypes designed to support reflection.
Title: Data Agents: Promoting Reflection through Meaningful Representations of Personal Data in Everyday Life
Authors: family: Karyda
given: Maria; family: Mekler
given: Elisa D; family: Lucero
given: Andrés
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: personal data, data representations, self-reflection, Meaningfulness

Abstract: Visual and physical representations of historical personal data have been discussed as artifacts that can lead to self-reflection through meaning-making. However, it is yet unclear how those two concepts relate to each other. We focus on meaningfulness, a part of meaning-making that relates to feelings. In this paper, we present three projects where mundane objects, our data agents, are combined in meaningful ways with personal data with the aim to trigger reflection by placing a person’s individual experience of data in relation to others’. To identify relationships between self-reflection and meaningfulness we use Fleck and Fitzpatrick’s framework to describe the levels of reflection that we found in our projects and Mekler and Hornbæk’s meaning framework to define the depth of reflection. We conclude with a discussion on four themes in which we outline how data agents informed the intersections between our central concepts. This paper, constitutes a first step towards unpacking those relationships and invites for further explorations by the HCI community.
Title: How the Design of YouTube Influences User Sense of Agency
Authors: family: Lukoff
given: Kai; family: Lyngs
given: Ulrik; family: Zade
given: Himanshu; family: Liao
given: J. Vera; family: Choi
given: James; family: Fan
given: Kaiyue; family: Munson
given: Sean A.; family: Hiniker
given: Alexis
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: digital wellbeing, YouTube, social media, sense of agency

Abstract: In the attention economy, video apps employ design mechanisms like autoplay that exploit psychological vulnerabilities to maximize watch time. Consequently, many people feel a lack of agency over their app use, which is linked to negative life effects such as loss of sleep. Prior design research has innovated external mechanisms that police multiple apps, such as lockout timers. In this work, we shift the focus to how the internal mechanisms of an app can support user agency, taking the popular YouTube mobile app as a test case. From a survey of 120 U.S. users, we find that autoplay and recommendations primarily undermine sense of agency, while playlists and search support it. From 13 co-design sessions, we find that when users have a specific intention for how they want to use YouTube they prefer interfaces that support greater agency. We discuss implications for how designers can help users reclaim a sense of agency over their media use.
Title: Aiki - Turning Online Procrastination into Microlearning
Authors: family: Inie
given: Nanna; family: Lungu
given: Mircea F
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: language learning, microlearning, browser extension, focus, procrastination

Abstract: This paper presents and evaluates Aiki, a simple browser extension designed to redirect a user to a learning platform for a fixed amount of time before accessing websites defined as ’procrastination’ or ’time-wasting’ websites. The goal of the extension is to enable the user to exchange time spent on pages they believe contribute less to their own productivity for microlearning activities, defined as small or short-term learning activities. The paper describes the design and development of Aiki and evaluates the extension with a group of n = 10 participants studying the Danish language. Based on a two-week study, we conclude that this type of extension, even in its preliminary version, has the potential to improve language skills in a lightweight manner and that redirection is an important alternative to blocking for procrastination management.
Title: Context-Based Interface Prototyping: Understanding the Effect of Prototype Representation on User Feedback
Authors: family: Hoggenmüller
given: Marius; family: Tomitsch
given: Martin; family: Hespanhol
given: Luke; family: Tran
given: Tram Thi Minh; family: Worrall
given: Stewart; family: Nebot
given: Eduardo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: prototyping, prototype representation, virtual reality, user studies, human-machine interfaces, automated vehicles

Abstract: The rise of autonomous systems in cities, such as automated vehicles (AVs), requires new approaches for prototyping and evaluating how people interact with those systems through context-based user interfaces, such as external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs). In this paper, we present a comparative study of three prototype representations (real-world VR, computer-generated VR, real-world video) of an eHMI in a mixed-methods study with 42 participants. Quantitative results show that while the real-world VR representation results in higher sense of presence, no significant differences in user experience and trust towards the AV itself were found. However, interview data shows that participants focused on different experiential and perceptual aspects in each of the prototype representations. These differences are linked to spatial awareness and perceived realism of the AV behaviour and its context, affecting in turn how participants assess trust and the eHMI. The paper offers guidelines for prototyping and evaluating context-based interfaces through simulations.
Title: What Do We Mean by “Accessibility Research”? A Literature Survey of Accessibility Papers in CHI and ASSETS from 1994 to 2019
Authors: family: Mack
given: Kelly; family: McDonnell
given: Emma; family: Jain
given: Dhruv; family: Lu Wang
given: Lucy; family: E. Froehlich
given: Jon; family: Findlater
given: Leah
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: literature review, disability, assistive technology, Accessibility

Abstract: Accessibility research has grown substantially in the past few decades, yet there has been no literature review of the field. To understand current and historical trends, we created and analyzed a dataset of accessibility papers appearing at CHI and ASSETS since ASSETS’ founding in 1994. We qualitatively coded areas of focus and methodological decisions for the past 10 years (2010-2019, N=506 papers), and analyzed paper counts and keywords over the full 26 years (N=836 papers). Our findings highlight areas that have received disproportionate attention and those that are underserved—for example, over 43% of papers in the past 10 years are on accessibility for blind and low vision people. We also capture common study characteristics, such as the roles of disabled and nondisabled participants as well as sample sizes (e.g., a median of 13 for participant groups with disabilities and older adults). We close by critically reflecting on gaps in the literature and offering guidance for future work in the field.
Title: “I Choose Assistive Devices That Save My Face”: A Study on Perceptions of Accessibility and Assistive Technology Use Conducted in China
Authors: family: Li
given: Franklin Mingzhe; family: Chen
given: Di Laura; family: Fan
given: Mingming; family: Truong
given: Khai N.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Interview, Qualitative study, China, People with disabilities, Assistive technology, Misperceptions, Accessibility

Abstract: Despite the potential benefits of assistive technologies (ATs) for people with various disabilities, only around 7% of Chinese with disabilities have had an opportunity to use ATs. Even for those who have used ATs, the abandonment rate was high. Although China has the world’s largest population with disabilities, prior research exploring how ATs are used and perceived, and why ATs are abandoned have been conducted primarily in North America and Europe. In this paper, we present an interview study conducted in China with 26 people with various disabilities to understand their practices, challenges, perceptions, and misperceptions of using ATs. From the study, we learned about factors that influence AT adoption practices (e.g., misuse of accessible infrastructure, issues with replicating existing commercial ATs), challenges using ATs in social interactions (e.g., Chinese stigma), and misperceptions about ATs (e.g., ATs should overcome inaccessible social infrastructures). Informed by the findings, we derive a set of design considerations to bridge the existing gaps in AT design (e.g., manual vs. electronic ATs) and to improve ATs’ social acceptability in China.
Title: Exploring A Reporting Tool to Empower Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities to Self-Report Abuse
Authors: family: Venkatasubramanian
given: Krishna; family: Skorinko
given: Jeanine L. M.; family: Kobeissi
given: Mariam; family: Lewis
given: Brittany; family: Jutras
given: Nicole; family: Bosma
given: Pauline; family: Mullaly
given: John; family: Kelly
given: Brian; family: Lloyd
given: Deborah; family: Freark
given: Mariah; family: Alterio
given: Nancy A.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Abuse reporting, Security, Safety, Developmental disability, Intellectual disability, Abuse, Mobile computing

Abstract: In the US, abuse of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) is at epidemic proportions. Further, abuse incidents of individuals with I/DD are woefully under-reported. We surveyed practitioners who help individuals with I/DD post-abuse to get a broader context on the problem. We found that abuse of individuals with I/DD was often reported by someone other than the survivor, as survivors faced impediments in reporting. Consequently, we argue for developing a mobile-computing-based reporting tool for empowering individuals with I/DD to self-report abuse. Next, we conducted focus groups of individuals with I/DD to evaluate the tool’s viability, with respect to their ability to recognize/report abuse and use mobile-computing devices. We found individuals with I/DD could recognize/report abuse well when they received appropriate training. We also found individuals with I/DD could independently use their devices, though they shared access to them with family. Based on these findings, we call for several lines of accessibility research in designing an abuse self-reporting tool for individuals with I/DD.
Title: Surfacing the Voices of People with Dementia: Strategies for Effective Inclusion of Proxy Stakeholders in Qualitative Research
Authors: family: Dai
given: Jiamin; family: Moffatt
given: Karyn
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: proxy, stakeholder, dementia, reflections on practice

Abstract: Best practices for conducting HCI research on dementia care increasingly involve multiple stakeholders and incorporate diverse viewpoints. When done effectively, involving proxy stakeholders such as family members and professionals can help bring forward the voices of people with dementia. However, concrete practical guidance for navigating the challenges of integrating different perspectives is lacking. We critically reflect on our own recent qualitative fieldwork involving participants with dementia, family caregivers, and facilitators at a local social program for people with dementia, re-examining our interview transcripts and observation notes through content analysis. We illustrate practical approaches to prioritizing participants’ voices through concrete excerpts that demonstrate strategies for better managing dynamics, intervening effectively, and engaging all stakeholders in the research process. Our reflections and proposed guidelines can benefit HCI researchers and practitioners working with vulnerable populations. We hope this work will spur further discussion and critique to strengthen and improve research practices in this domain.
Title: “It’s Complicated”: Negotiating Accessibility and (Mis)Representation in Image Descriptions of Race, Gender, and Disability
Authors: family: Bennett
given: Cynthia L.; family: Gleason
given: Cole; family: Scheuerman
given: Morgan Klaus; family: Bigham
given: Jeffrey P.; family: Guo
given: Anhong; family: To
given: Alexandra
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Visual impairments, Gender, Race, Blind, Disability, AI, Image descriptions, Accessibility

Abstract: Content creators are instructed to write textual descriptions of visual content to make it accessible; yet existing guidelines lack specifics on how to write about people’s appearance, particularly while remaining mindful of consequences of (mis)representation. In this paper, we report on interviews with screen reader users who were also Black, Indigenous, People of Color, Non-binary, and/or Transgender on their current image description practices and preferences, and experiences negotiating theirs and others’ appearances non-visually. We discuss these perspectives, and the ethics of humans and AI describing appearance characteristics that may convey the race, gender, and disabilities of those photographed. In turn, we share considerations for more carefully describing appearance, and contexts in which such information is perceived salient. Finally, we offer tensions and questions for accessibility research to equitably consider politics and ecosystems in which technologies will embed, such as potential risks of human and AI biases amplifying through image descriptions.
Title: The Burden of Survival: How Doctoral Students in Computing Bridge the Chasm of Inaccessibility
Authors: family: Shinohara
given: Kristen; family: McQuaid
given: Mick; family: Jacobo
given: Nayeri
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Accessibility, Ableism, Higher Education, Computing Education Research

Abstract: Despite efforts to support students with disabilities in higher education, few continue to pursue doctoral degrees in computing. We conducted an interview study with 12 blind and low vision, and 7 deaf and hard of hearing current and former doctoral students in computing to understand how graduate students adjust to inaccessibility and ineffective accommodations. We asked participants how they worked around inaccessibility, managed ineffective accommodations, and advocated for tools and services. Employing a lens of ableism in our analysis, we found that participants’ extra effort to address accessibility gaps gave rise to a burden of survival, which they sustained to meet expectations of graduate-level productivity. We recommend equitable solutions that acknowledge taken-for-granted workarounds and that actively address inaccessibility in the graduate school context.
Title: Priorities, Technology, & Power: Co-Designing an Inclusive Transit Agenda in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: family: Kirabo
given: Lynn; family: Carter
given: Elizabeth Jeanne; family: Barry
given: Devon; family: Steinfeld
given: Aaron
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: People with Disabilities, Uganda, Stakeholder Tokens Method, Kampala, Accessibility, Global South, Value-Sensitive Design, Power Dynamics

Abstract: There is considerable effort within the HCI community to explore, document, and advocate for the lived experiences of persons with disabilities (PWDs). However, PWDs from the Global South, particularly Africa, are underrepresented in this scholarship. We contribute to closing this gap by investigating the unmet transit needs and characterization of technology within the disability community in Kampala, Uganda. We investigated transportation due to the increase in ride-share solutions created by widespread mobile computing and the resulting disruption of transportation worldwide. We hosted co-design sessions with disability advocates and adapted the stakeholder tokens method from the value-sensitive design framework to map the stakeholder ecosystem. Our key insight is the identification of a new group of non-traditional core stakeholders who highlight the values of inclusion, mobility, and safety within the ecosystem. Finally, we discuss how our findings engage with concepts of disability justice and perceptions of power.