huashen218/convxai-cia-dataset huggingface dataset:
Title: Heuristic Evaluation of Conversational Agents
Authors: family: Langevin
given: Raina; family: Lordon
given: Ross J; family: Avrahami
given: Thi; family: Cowan
given: Benjamin R.; family: Hirsch
given: Tad; family: Hsieh
given: Gary
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: user interface design, heuristic evaluation, conversational agents

Abstract: Conversational interfaces have risen in popularity as businesses and users adopt a range of conversational agents, including chatbots and voice assistants. Although guidelines have been proposed, there is not yet an established set of usability heuristics to guide and evaluate conversational agent design. In this paper, we propose a set of heuristics for conversational agents adapted from Nielsen’s heuristics and based on expert feedback. We then validate the heuristics through two rounds of evaluations conducted by participants on two conversational agents, one chatbot and one voice-based personal assistant. We find that, when using our heuristics to evaluate both interfaces, evaluators were able to identify more usability issues than when using Nielsen’s heuristics. We propose that our heuristics successfully identify issues related to dialogue content, interaction design, help and guidance, human-like characteristics, and data privacy.
Title: Are Current Voice Interfaces Designed to Support Children’s Language Development?
Authors: family: Xu
given: Ying; family: Branham
given: Stacy; family: Deng
given: Xinwei; family: Collins
given: Penelope; family: Warschauer
given: Mark
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: scaffolding, language development, young children, Voice user interfaces

Abstract: With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, voice user interfaces (VUIs) capable of speech-based interaction are poised to support children’s language development by serving as their language partners. This paper reports an analytic evaluation of the currently available voice-based apps targeting young children to examine whether and how they incorporate evidence-based dialogue strategies that effectively support children’s learning. We found that, despite the fact that the current apps support a variety of language activities, most fail to carry out open-ended dialogue and provide extended back-and-forth opportunities, thus limiting their ability to encourage children’s language output and increase children’s language exposure. We discuss four design implications for developing VUIs that initiate dialogue and provide feedback in ways that better facilitate children’s language learning.
Title: Designing a Conversational Agent for Sexual Assault Survivors: Defining Burden of Self-Disclosure and Envisioning Survivor-Centered Solutions
Authors: family: Park
given: Hyanghee; family: Lee
given: Joonhwan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Self-Disclosure Burden, Chatbot, Conversational Agent (CA), Conversational AI, Sexual Assault Survivors

Abstract: Sexual assault survivors hesitate to disclose their stories to others and even avoid case-reporting because of psychological, social, and cultural reasons. Thus, conversational agents (CAs) have gained much attention as a potential counselor because CAs’ characteristics (e.g., anonymity) could mitigate various difficulties of human-human interaction (HHI). Despite the potentials, it is difficult to design a CA for survivors because various aspects should be considered. Especially, with traditional HCI approaches only (e.g., need-finding and usability tests), designers could easily miss psychological and subjective burdens that survivors feel toward a new system. Hence, while envisioning a burden-free CA for survivors, we agilely designed and implemented an initial prototype CA (NamuBot) with professionals (the police and counselors). We then conducted a qualitative user study to identify and compare burdens caused by the CA vs. humans. Lastly, we codesigned design features that could reduce the CA-bound burdens with 36 participants (19 survivors and 17 professionals). Notably, our findings showed that 17 survivors preferred reporting their case to NamuBot over humans, expressing far less burden. Although CAs could also place burdens on survivors, the burdens could be alleviated by the features that the survivors and professionals designed. Finally, we present design implications and strategies to develop burden-mitigating CAs for survivors.
Title: Lanterns: Configuring a Digital Resource to Inspire Preschool Children's Free Play Outdoors
Authors: family: Dylan
given: Thomas; family: Durrant
given: Abigail; family: Çerçi
given: Sena; family: Lawson
given: Shaun; family: Vines
given: John
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: preschool, tool-kits, iot, children, pervasive play, interaction design, tangibles, free play, outdoor play

Abstract: Previous HCI research has highlighted opportunities for digital technologies to support outdoor play amongst children. However, the tendency has been to focus on older children and forms of play that are structured and rule-based. We report on a Research-through-Design (RtD) inquiry, grounded in an Embodied Interactional approach, that investigated configurations of off-the-shelf Internet of Things (IoT) tool-kits to inspire new forms of free play outdoors for preschool children. We designed the Lanterns, a tangible interactive resource that is made using household materials and guided by a template, and which explores new possibilities to inspire social play and embodied interaction outdoors. Based on observations of the Lanterns being used by preschool children and Early Years Practitioners outdoors, we identify qualities of free play promoted by the Lanterns outdoors, such as enchantment, improvisation, anticipation and choice. We discuss our findings by defining three sensitising concepts to support future design research in this space: Choosing the Way; Improvising through Movement; Anticipating a Response.
Title: Snowflakes: A Prototyping Tool for Computational Jewelry
Authors: family: Buruk
given: Oğuz 'Oz'; family: Genç
given: Çağlar; family: Yıldırım
given: İhsan Ozan; family: Onbaşlı
given: Mehmet Cengiz; family: Özcan
given: Oğuzhan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: wearable technology, design research, computational materials, prototyping, fabrication, maker, development, smart jewellery, research through design

Abstract: Smart-jewelry design has many layers such as comfort, ergonomics, fashionability, interactivity and functionality that create a complex design process, making the form exploration challenging. Various wearable prototyping tools were developed to overcome this challenge; however, they are usually textile-based and do not target smart jewelry design. To bridge this gap, we developed Snowflakes that differentiates from existing tools by 1) allowing designers to explore different jewelry forms, 2) incorporating external materials such as leather, 3) creating form factors that fit body parts with flexible connectors. In this paper, we explain the design process of Snowflakes which is inspired by 7 design parameters (limbs, materials, grip, fastener, decoration, placement, form) extracted through the examination of non-smart jewelry. We also demonstrate three reimplementations and design concepts implemented with Snowflakes. Our exploration with Snowflakes contributes to the wearable community in terms of smart-jewelry visual expressions, interaction modalities, and merger of traditional and computational materials.
Title: CorpSum: Towards an Enabling Tool-Design for Language Researchers to Explore, Analyze and Visualize Corpora
Authors: family: Çetin
given: Asil; family: Moeller
given: Torsten; family: Torsney-Weir
given: Thomas
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Text/Speech/Language, Visual Design, Prototyping/Implementation

Abstract: Linguists use annotated text collections to validate, refute and refine a hypothesis about the written language. This research requires the creation and analysis of complex queries which are often above the technical expertise of the domain users. In this paper, we present a tool-design which enables language researchers to easily query annotated text corpora and conduct a comparative multi-faceted analysis on a single screen. The results of the iterative design process, including requirement analysis, multiple prototyping and user evaluation sessions, and expert reviews, are documented in detail. Our tool, called CorpSum, shows a 43.12 point increase in the mean SUS score in a randomized within-subjects test and an improvement of 3.18 times in mean task completion duration compared to a conventional solution. Two detailed case studies with linguists demonstrate a significant improvement for solving the real-world problems of the domain users.
Title: Creative Transactions: Special Digital Monies in ‘Break Kickstarter’ Crowdfunding Campaigns
Authors: family: Elsden
given: Chris; family: Morgan
given: Evan; family: Speed
given: Chris
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Crowdfunding, Creative Transactions, Creative Industries, Money, FinTech

Abstract: This paper conceptualizes ‘creative transactions’ – payment for creative work – as a rich site for the study, design and innovation of new financial technologies, and ‘special digital monies’. For most, creative labor remains highly precarious and underfunded and those working in the creative industries frequently rely on diverse forms of funding for their work. As a case study, we draw on a corpus of 87 ‘Break Kickstarter’ crowdfunding campaigns, where project creators were encouraged to break conventions and “rethink what a Kickstarter campaign can be”. By studying how these innovative projects broke fundraising conventions and experimented with the transactional attributes of a Kickstarter campaign, we show how they reconfigured the payment for creative work, and developed new relations between creators and their audiences. Drawing on these analyses, we derive new ideas and opportunities for the design of special digital monies to support novel creative transactions beyond crowdfunding campaigns.
Title: Enacting the Last Mile: Experiences of Smart Contracts in Courier Deliveries
Authors: family: Tallyn
given: Ella; family: Revans
given: Joe; family: Morgan
given: Evan; family: Fisken
given: Keith; family: Murray-Rust
given: Dave
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: logistics infrastructure, distributed ledger technology, last-mile logistics, bicycle couriers, Smart contracts, location data, delivery

Abstract: Smart contract systems could change the nature of last-mile delivery for the better through enhanced precision, coordination and accountability. However, technological complexity poses a challenge for end-users participating in the design process, making it hard to explore their experiences and incorporate their perspectives. We describe a case study where technological prototypes create smart contract experiences for professional couriers and receptionists, allowing them to speculate about emerging possibilities, whilst remaining grounded in their current practices. Participants enacted a series of deliveries, choreographed by smart contracts, and their responses were explored in post-experience, one-to-one interviews. Working with professionals to explore the potential impact of smart contract technologies, revealed the systemic webs of value underlying their existing work practices. This has implications for design of such technologies, in which increased automation, efficiency and accountability must be delicately balanced with the benefits of sustaining personal values, relationships and agency.
Title: IM Receptivity and Presentation-type Preferences among Users of a Mobile App with Automated Receptivity-status Adjustment
Authors: family: Wu
given: Ting-Wei; family: Chien
given: Yu-Ling; family: Lee
given: Hao-Ping; family: Chang
given: Yung-Ju
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: availability, presence, mobile receptivity, receptivity-status adjustment system

Abstract: Researchers have long attempted to estimate instant-messaging (IM) users’ attentiveness, responsiveness, and interruptibility. Yet, IM users’ self-presentation of their receptivity, and their perceptions of automated adjustment/revelation of their receptivity status (e.g., Facebook Messenger’s green dot that deems a user to be “active”), remain under-explored. We therefore told our 43 participants that our IM app, IMStatus, was capable of automatically estimating and adjusting their receptivity status to responsive, attentive, or interruptible based on their smartphone activity. These statuses were also presented to their IM contacts in three different styles. Over a two-week period, the participants rarely chose the status interruptible, and when they did, it was usually to indicate low availability. Textual presentation was usually chosen to express statuses precisely, especially at high and low extremes of receptivity; while graphical and numeric presentations were preferred when self-perceived receptivity levels were more ambiguous. Conflicts between recipients’ and senders’ perspectives are also discussed.
Title: Scraps: Enabling Mobile Capture, Contextualization, and Use of Document Resources
Authors: family: Swearngin
given: Amanda; family: Iqbal
given: Shamsi; family: Poznanski
given: Victor; family: Encarnación
given: Mark; family: Bennett
given: Paul N.; family: Teevan
given: Jaime
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: mobile, information scraps, microtask, writing

Abstract: People often capture photos or notes from their phones to integrate later into a document. But current mobile capture tools can make this hard, with the captured information ending up fragmented and decontextualized. This paper explores how to help document authors capture, contextualize, and use document-related information. A survey of 66 information workers reveals that document-focused information capture differs from other types of mobile information capture, and that while people capture a broad range of information types while mobile, most document-related capture comes in the form of photos, notes, and bookmarks. Based on this survey we built Scraps, which consists of two parts: 1) a mobile app that makes it easy for people to capture and add context to information from their phone, and 2) a Word sidebar that helps them later link that information to a document on their desktop. In a field study with 11 information workers, we find that Scraps streamlined the process of capturing and using document-related information, and enabled people to focus on writing over integrating captured information.
Title: The U in Crypto Stands for Usable: An Empirical Study of User Experience with Mobile Cryptocurrency Wallets
Authors: family: Voskobojnikov
given: Artemij; family: Wiese
given: Oliver; family: Mehrabi Koushki
given: Masoud; family: Roth
given: Volker; family: Beznosov
given: Konstantin (Kosta)
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: thematic analysis, review analysis, Cryptocurrency, natural language processing

Abstract: In a corpus of 45,821 app reviews of the top five mobile cryptocurrency wallets, we identified and qualitatively analyzed 6,859 reviews pertaining to the user experience (UX) with those wallets. Our analysis suggests that both new and experienced users struggle with general and domain-specific UX issues that, aside from frustration and disengagement, might lead to dangerous errors and irreversible monetary losses. We reveal shortcomings of current wallet UX as well as users’ misconceptions, some of which can be traced back to a reliance on their understanding of conventional payment systems. For example, some users believed that transactions were free, reversible, and could be canceled anytime, which is not the case in reality. Correspondingly, these beliefs often resulted in unmet expectations. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations on how to design cryptocurrency wallets that both alleviate the identified issues and counteract some of the misconceptions in order to better support newcomers.
Title: Neighbourhood Wattch: Using Speculative Design to Explore Values Around Curtailment and Consent in Household Energy Interactions
Authors: family: Snow
given: Stephen; family: Khan
given: Awais Hameed; family: Glencross
given: Mashhuda; family: Horrocks
given: Neil
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: IoT, privacy, smart energy, consent, values, Energy use, curtailment

Abstract: Smart energy technologies provide new opportunities for network demand management, while generating data that can provide inference into household activities and which is increasingly valuable for user profiling and targeted marketing. This paper explores the human values implicated by smart energy technologies as energy consumption emerges as a potentially sensitive and attributable data trail. Using a values-based approach involving semi-structured interviews with 39 Australians, we use speculative design to engage participants with the implications of high frequency household energy data and understand users’ values and attitudes towards curtailment, surveillance, accountability and consent. The principal contributions are (1) a nuanced understanding of user values around privacy, responsibility, trust, collectivism and curtailment in relation to interpersonal household energy use data and considerations for speculative designs in this space, and (2) reflections on the design of mechanisms for consumer participation in demand response for energy networks.
Title: Distress Disclosure across Social Media Platforms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Untangling the Effects of Platforms, Affordances, and Audiences
Authors: family: Zhang
given: Renwen; family: N. Bazarova
given: Natalya; family: Reddy
given: Madhu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: mental health, stress, Social media, affordances, social networks, self-disclosure

Abstract: Understanding how and why people share negative emotions and thoughts on social media has received much scholarly attention. Scholars have identified a variety of factors that affect disclosure behavior, but as platforms offer a wider range of affordances that enable more diverse user behaviors and nuanced audience segmentation, these influencing factors are increasingly intertwined. However, little is known about the interrelatedness of platform, affordance, and audience. Drawing on survey data of 470 American adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study examines the interplay and relative strength of the factors influencing distress disclosure on social media. We introduce the concept of social media disclosure ecology as an analytical lens to understand online disclosure. The results suggest that perceived affordances (i.e., anonymity, persistence, visibility control) and relational closeness to audience separately and interactively predict the depth of distress disclosure, which in turn affects satisfaction with disclosure. This study contributes to the literature on online-disclosure and privacy, while providing implications for the design of social media to better support people in distress.
Title: Producing Liveness: The Trials of Moving Folk Clubs Online During the Global Pandemic
Authors: family: Benford
given: Steve; family: Mansfield
given: Paul; family: Spence
given: Jocelyn
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Social Media, Folk Music, Music, Delay, Facebook, Audio, Oral Tradition, Zoom, Liveness, Recording, YouTube, Appropriation, Latency, Performance, Ethnography

Abstract: The global pandemic has driven musicians online. We report an ethnographic account of how two traditional folk clubs with little previous interest in digital platforms transitioned to online experiences. They followed very different approaches: one adapted their existing singaround format to video conferencing while the other evolved a weekly community-produced, pre-recorded show that could be watched together. However, despite their successes, participants ultimately remained unable to ‘sing in chorus’ due to network constraints. We draw on theories of liveness from performance studies to explain our findings, arguing that HCI might orientate itself to online liveness as being co-produced through rich participatory structures that dissolve traditional distinctions between live and recorded and performer and audience. We discuss how participants appropriated existing platforms to achieve this, but these in turn shaped their practices in unforeseen ways. We draw out implications for the design and deployment of future live performance platforms.
Title: Available Anytime Anywhere: Investigating Mobile Volunteer Responders for Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: family: Kjærup
given: Maria; family: Elsborg
given: Mette; family: Skov
given: Mikael B.; family: Bruun
given: Anders
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: health, volunteer, cardiac, availability, mobile

Abstract: Out of hospital cardiac arrest is a life-threatening event that requires immediate resuscitation actions. Therefore, digital volunteer responder initiatives integrate nearby users who can be activated anytime, anywhere through mobile technologies to assist in administering first aid. While research has found that such initiatives increases the chances of surviving, we know little about how responders use the digital services, and how they organize themselves before, during, and after responding. We conducted interviews with volunteer responders (N=16) to address how they perceive these initiatives and in particular how they negotiate availability temporally (anytime) and spatially (anywhere) for such life-threatening events. Our findings show that our responders exhibited strong perceptions of how and why one should volunteer. Also, the temporal aspect of being available anytime integrates several dimensions, while being available anywhere is highly related to safety, community and group roles. Finally, we discuss implications for design of volunteer responder initiatives.