huashen218/convxai-cia-dataset huggingface dataset:
Title: TrackCap: Enabling Smartphones for 3D Interaction on Mobile Head-Mounted Displays
Authors: family: Mohr
given: Peter; family: Tatzgern
given: Markus; family: Langlotz
given: Tobias; family: Lang
given: Andreas; family: Schmalstieg
given: Dieter; family: Kalkofen
given: Denis
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: hmd, augmented reality, mobile devices, mixed reality, input devices, wearable computing, 3d pointing

Abstract: The latest generation of consumer market Head-mounted displays (HMD) now include self-contained inside-out tracking of head motions, which makes them suitable for mobile applications. However, 3D tracking of input devices is either not included at all or requires to keep the device in sight, so that it can be observed from a sensor mounted on the HMD. Both approaches make natural interactions cumbersome in mobile applications. TrackCap, a novel approach for 3D tracking of input devices, turns a conventional smartphone into a precise 6DOF input device for an HMD user. The device can be conveniently operated both inside and outside the HMD's field of view, while it provides additional 2D input and output capabilities.
Title: Continuous Evaluation of Video Lectures from Real-Time Difficulty Self-Report
Authors: family: Srivastava
given: Namrata; family: Velloso
given: Eduardo; family: Lodge
given: Jason M.; family: Erfani
given: Sarah; family: Bailey
given: James
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: audio-visual instruction, education, e-learning, video lectures

Abstract: With the increased reach and impact of video lectures, it is crucial to understand how they are experienced. Whereas previous studies typically present questionnaires at the end of the lecture, they fail to capture students' experience in enough granularity. In this paper we propose recording the lecture difficulty in real-time with a physical slider, enabling continuous and fine-grained analysis of the learning experience. We evaluated our approach in a study with 100 participants viewing two variants of two short lectures. We demonstrate that our approach helps us paint a more complete picture of the learning experience. Our analysis has design implications for instructors, providing them with a method that helps them compare their expectations with students' beliefs about the lectures and to better understand the specific effects of different instructional design decisions.
Title: Interstices: Sustained Spatial Relationships between Hands and Surfaces Reveal Anticipated Action
Authors: family: Webb
given: Andrew M.; family: Fowler
given: Hannah; family: Kerne
given: Andruid; family: Newman
given: Galen; family: Kim
given: Jun-Hyun; family: Mackay
given: Wendy E.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: pen and touch, hover gestures, bimanual interaction

Abstract: Our observations of landscape architecture students revealed a new phenomenon-interstices. Their bimanual interactions with a pen and touch surface involved various sustained hand gestures, interleaved between their regular commands. Positioning of the non-preferred hand indicates anticipated actions, including: sustained hovering near the surface; pulled back but still floating above the surface; and resting in their laps. We ran a second study with 14 landscape architect students which confirmed our observations, and uncovered a new interstice i.e. stabilizing the preferred hand while handwriting. We conclude with directions for future research and challenges for designers and researchers.
Title: Vulnerability & Blame: Making Sense of Unauthorized Access to Smartphones
Authors: family: Marques
given: Diogo; family: Guerreiro
given: Tiago; family: Carriço
given: Luis; family: Beschastnikh
given: Ivan; family: Beznosov
given: Konstantin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: qualitative, mobile, intrusions, access control

Abstract: Unauthorized physical access to personal devices by people known to the owner of the device is a common concern, and a common occurrence. But how do people experience incidents of unauthorized access? Using an online survey, we collected 102 accounts of unauthorized access. Participants wrote stories about past situations in which either they accessed the smartphone of someone they know, or someone they know accessed theirs. We describe the context leading up to these incidents, the course of events, and the consequences. We then identify two orthogonal themes in how participants conceptualized these incidents. First, participants understood trust as performative vulnerability: trust was necessary to sustain relationships, but building trust required displaying vulnerability to breaches. Second, participants were self-serving in their sensemaking: they blamed the circumstances, or the other person's shortcomings, but rarely themselves. We discuss the implications of our findings for security design and practice.
Title: Understanding Online News Behaviors
Authors: family: Bentley
given: Frank; family: Quehl
given: Katie; family: Wirfs-Brock
given: Jordan; family: Bica
given: Melissa
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: polarization, web search, bias, log analysis, news

Abstract: The news landscape has been changing dramatically over the past few years. Whereas news once came from a small set of highly edited sources, now people can find news from thousands of news sites online, through a variety of channels such as web search, social media, email newsletters, or direct browsing. We set out to understand how Americans read news online using web browser logs collected from 174 diverse participants. We found that 20% of all news sessions started with a web search, that 16% started from social media, that 61% of news sessions only involved a single news domain, and that 47% of our participants read news from both sides of the political spectrum. We conclude with key implications for online news, social media, and search sites to encourage more balanced news browsing.
Title: VelociWatch: Designing and Evaluating a Virtual Keyboard for the Input of Challenging Text
Authors: family: Vertanen
given: Keith; family: Gaines
given: Dylan; family: Fletcher
given: Crystal; family: Stanage
given: Alex M.; family: Watling
given: Robbie; family: Kristensson
given: Per Ola
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: smartwatch, decoder, text entry, virtual keyboard

Abstract: Virtual keyboard typing is typically aided by an auto-correct method that decodes a user's noisy taps into their intended text. This decoding process can reduce error rates and possibly increase entry rates by allowing users to type faster but less precisely. However, virtual keyboard decoders sometimes make mistakes that change a user's desired word into another. This is particularly problematic for challenging text such as proper names. We investigate whether users can guess words that are likely to cause auto-correct problems and whether users can adjust their behavior to assist the decoder. We conduct computational experiments to decide what predictions to offer in a virtual keyboard and design a smartwatch keyboard named VelociWatch. Novice users were able to use the features of VelociWatch to enter challenging text at 17 words-per-minute with a corrected error rate of 3%. Interestingly, they wrote slightly faster and just as accurately on a simpler keyboard with limited correction options. Our finding suggest users may be able to type difficult words on a smartwatch simply by tapping precisely without the use of auto-correct.
Title: Co-Designing Food Trackers with Dietitians: Identifying Design Opportunities for Food Tracker Customization
Authors: family: Luo
given: Yuhan; family: Liu
given: Peiyi; family: Choe
given: Eun Kyoung
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: customization, co-design workshop, health, self-tracking, personal informatics, food tracking

Abstract: We report co-design workshops with registered dietitians conducted to identify opportunities for designing customizable food trackers. Dietitians typically see patients who have different dietary problems, thus having different information needs. However, existing food trackers such as paper-based diaries and mobile apps are rarely customizable, making it difficult to capture necessary data for both patients and dietitians. During the co-design sessions, dietitians created representative patient personas and designed food trackers for each persona. We found a wide range of potential tracking items such as food, reflection, symptom, activity, and physical state. Depending on patients' dietary problems and dietitians' practice, the necessity and importance of these tracking items vary. We identify opportunities for patients and healthcare providers to collaborate around data tracking and sharing through customization. We also discuss how to structure co-design workshops to solicit the design considerations of self-tracking tools for patients with specific health problems.
Title: Engaging Low-Income African American Older Adults in Health Discussions through Community-based Design Workshops
Authors: family: Harrington
given: Christina N.; family: Borgos-Rodriguez
given: Katya; family: Piper
given: Anne Marie
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: older adults, community activism, community-based participatory research, participatory design, health

Abstract: Community-based approaches to participatory design, such as the design workshop, promise to engage underserved populations in collaborative dialog and provide a platform for promoting the views of communities who are not typically given a space to engage in design. Yet, we know little about how design workshops as a research site can engage underserved individuals (i.e., due to class, race, or age status) or address personal concerns (e.g., health). As a way of exploring these issues, we conducted a series of five design workshops with low-income African-American older adults to understand their health experiences. Our findings reveal three insights associated with the design workshop and the topic of health: comfort with community versus personal health; the sociocultural configuration of interaction; and empowerment in the context of systematic inequality of opportunity. We discuss the importance of understanding the situated nature of design workshops, particularly when engaging underserved groups in the topic of health, and the potential of the design workshop as a mechanism for activism.
Title: It's My Data! Tensions Among Stakeholders of a Learning Analytics Dashboard
Authors: family: Sun
given: Kaiwen; family: Mhaidli
given: Abraham H.; family: Watel
given: Sonakshi; family: Brooks
given: Christopher A.; family: Schaub
given: Florian
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: learning analytics, privacy, early warning dashboards, student data, ethics, higher education

Abstract: Early warning dashboards in higher education analyze student data to enable early identification of underperforming students, allowing timely interventions by faculty and staff. To understand perceptions regarding the ethics and impact of such learning analytics applications, we conducted a multi-stakeholder analysis of an early-warning dashboard deployed at the University of Michigan through semi-structured interviews with the system's developers, academic advisors (the primary users), and students. We identify multiple tensions among and within the stakeholder groups, especially with regard to awareness, understanding, access and use of the system. Furthermore, ambiguity in data provenance and data quality result in differing levels of reliance and concerns about the system among academic advisors and students. While students see the system's benefits, they argue for more involvement, control, and informed consent regarding the use of student data. We discuss our findings' implications for the ethical design and deployment of learning analytics applications in higher education. Early warning dashboards in higher education analyze student data to enable early identification of underperforming students, allowing timely interventions by faculty and staff. To understand perceptions regarding the ethics and impact of such learning analytics applications, we conducted a multi-stakeholder analysis of an early-warning dashboard deployed at the University of Michigan through semi-structured interviews with the system's developers, academic advisors (the primary users), and students. We identify multiple tensions among and within the stakeholder groups, especially with regard to awareness, understanding, access, and use of the system. Furthermore, ambiguity in data provenance and data quality result in differing levels of reliance and concerns about the system among academic advisors and students. While students see the system's benefits, they argue for more involvement, control, and informed consent regarding the use of student data. We discuss our findings' implications for the ethical design and deployment of learning analytics applications in higher education.
Title: Automating the Administration and Analysis of Psychiatric Tests: The Case of Attachment in School Age Children
Authors: family: Roffo
given: Giorgio; family: Vo
given: Dong-Bach; family: Tayarani
given: Mohammad; family: Rooksby
given: Maki; family: Sorrentino
given: Alessandra; family: Di Folco
given: Simona; family: Minnis
given: Helen; family: Brewster
given: Stephen; family: Vinciarelli
given: Alessandro
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: mental health, attachment, child computer interaction

Abstract: This article presents the School Attachment Monitor, a novel interactive system that can reliably administer the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task (a standard psychiatric test for the assessment of attachment in children) without the supervision of trained professionals. Attachment problems in children cause significant mental health issues and costs to society which technology has the potential to reduce. SAM collects, through instrumented doll-play games, enough information to allow a human assessor to manually identify the attachment status of children. Experiments show that the system successfully does this in 87.5% of cases. In addition, the experiments show that an automatic approach based on deep neural networks can map the information collected into the attachment condition of the children. The outcome SAM matches the judgment of expert human assessors in 82.8% of cases. This is the first time an automated tool has been successful in measuring attachment. This work has significant implications for psychiatry as it allows professionals to assess many more children cost effectively and to direct healthcare resources more accurately and efficiently to improve mental health.
Title: 360proto: Making Interactive Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality Prototypes from Paper
Authors: family: Nebeling
given: Michael; family: Madier
given: Katy
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: wizard of oz, physical-digital prototyping, ar/vr

Abstract: We explore 360 paper prototyping to rapidly create AR/VR prototypes from paper and bring them to life on AR/VR devices. Our approach is based on a set of emerging paper prototyping templates specifically for AR/VR. These templates resemble the key components of many AR/VR interfaces, including 2D representations of immersive environments, AR marker overlays and face masks, VR controller models and menus, and 2D screens and HUDs. To make prototyping with these templates effective, we developed 360proto, a suite of three novel physical--digital prototyping tools: (1) the 360proto Camera for capturing paper mockups of all components simply by taking a photo with a smartphone and seeing 360-degree panoramic previews on the phone or stereoscopic previews in Google Cardboard; (2) the 360proto Studio for organizing and editing captures, for composing AR/VR interfaces by layering the captures, and for making them interactive with Wizard of Oz via live video streaming; (3) the 360proto App for running and testing the interactive prototypes on AR/VR capable mobile devices and headsets. Through five student design jams with a total of 86 participants and our own design space explorations, we demonstrate that our approach with 360proto is useful to create relatively complex AR/VR applications.
Title: A Walk on the Child Side: Investigating Parents' and Children's Experience and Perspective on Mobile Technology for Outdoor Child Independent Mobility
Authors: family: Ferron
given: Michela; family: Leonardi
given: Chiara; family: Massa
given: Paolo; family: Schiavo
given: Gianluca; family: Murphy
given: Amy L.; family: Farella
given: Elisabetta
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: privacy, trust, independent mobility, surveillance, children, walking bus, parents

Abstract: Technology increasingly offers parents more and more opportunities to monitor children, reshaping the way control and autonomy are negotiated within families. This paper investigates the views of parents and primary school children on mobile technology designed to support child independent mobility in the context of the local walking school buses. Based on a school-year long field study, we report findings on children's and parents' experience with proximity detection devices. The results provide insights into how the parents and children accepted and socially appropriated the technology into the walking school bus activity, shedding light on the way they understand and conceptualize a technology that collects data on children's proximity to the volunteers' smartphone. We discuss parents' needs and concerns toward monitoring technologies and the related challenges in terms of trust-control balance. These insights are elaborated to inform the future design of technology for child independent mobility.
Title: Voice Presentation Attack Detection through Text-Converted Voice Command Analysis
Authors: family: Kwak
given: Il-Youp; family: Huh
given: Jun Ho; family: Han
given: Seung Taek; family: Kim
given: Iljoo; family: Yoon
given: Jiwon
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: voice assistant security, voice command analysis, attack detection

Abstract: Voice assistants are quickly being upgraded to support advanced, security-critical commands such as unlocking devices, checking emails, and making payments. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using users' text-converted voice command utterances as classification features to help identify users' genuine commands, and detect suspicious commands. To maintain high detection accuracy, our approach starts with a globally trained attack detection model (immediately available for new users), and gradually switches to a user-specific model tailored to the utterance patterns of a target user. To evaluate accuracy, we used a real-world voice assistant dataset consisting of about 34.6 million voice commands collected from 2.6 million users. Our evaluation results show that this approach is capable of achieving about 3.4% equal error rate (EER), detecting 95.7% of attacks when an optimal threshold value is used. As for those who frequently use security-critical (attack-like) commands, we still achieve EER below 5%.
Title: Emotion and Experience in Negotiating HIV-Related Digital Resources: "It's not just a runny nose!"
Authors: family: Singh
given: Aneesha; family: Gibbs
given: Jo; family: Blandford
given: Ann
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: remote testing, sensemaking, emotional support, health management, emotion, hiv, information interaction

Abstract: While digital technologies are increasingly being used to provide support and diagnoses remotely, it is unclear whether they offer adequate emotional support and appropriate messages in navigating complex, stigmatised and sensitive conditions that can have a momentous impact on people's lives. In this paper, we investigate how and why people access existing HIV resources, and their experiences of using these resources through a survey with 197 respondents and an interview and think-aloud study with 28 participants. Our findings indicate that many HIV-related resources do not address the anxiety-provoking reasons for access, reinforce stigma and neglect to provide important information and emotional support. We finally discuss potential ways of addressing these issues in the current environment where more sexual health services are being delivered online.
Title: Improving Fairness in Machine Learning Systems: What Do Industry Practitioners Need?
Authors: family: Holstein
given: Kenneth; family: Wortman Vaughan
given: Jennifer; family: Daumé
given: Hal; family: Dudik
given: Miro; family: Wallach
given: Hanna
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: fair machine learning, algorithmic bias, ux of machine learning, needfinding, product teams, empirical study

Abstract: The potential for machine learning (ML) systems to amplify social inequities and unfairness is receiving increasing popular and academic attention. A surge of recent work has focused on the development of algorithmic tools to assess and mitigate such unfairness. If these tools are to have a positive impact on industry practice, however, it is crucial that their design be informed by an understanding of real-world needs. Through 35 semi-structured interviews and an anonymous survey of 267 ML practitioners, we conduct the first systematic investigation of commercial product teams' challenges and needs for support in developing fairer ML systems. We identify areas of alignment and disconnect between the challenges faced by teams in practice and the solutions proposed in the fair ML research literature. Based on these findings, we highlight directions for future ML and HCI research that will better address practitioners' needs.
Title: Designing Theory-Driven User-Centric Explainable AI
Authors: family: Wang
given: Danding; family: Yang
given: Qian; family: Abdul
given: Ashraf; family: Lim
given: Brian Y.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: clinical decision making, intelligibility, explainable artificial intelligence, decision making, explanations

Abstract: From healthcare to criminal justice, artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly supporting high-consequence human decisions. This has spurred the field of explainable AI (XAI). This paper seeks to strengthen empirical application-specific investigations of XAI by exploring theoretical underpinnings of human decision making, drawing from the fields of philosophy and psychology. In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for building human-centered, decision-theory-driven XAI based on an extensive review across these fields. Drawing on this framework, we identify pathways along which human cognitive patterns drives needs for building XAI and how XAI can mitigate common cognitive biases. We then put this framework into practice by designing and implementing an explainable clinical diagnostic tool for intensive care phenotyping and conducting a co-design exercise with clinicians. Thereafter, we draw insights into how this framework bridges algorithm-generated explanations and human decision-making theories. Finally, we discuss implications for XAI design and development.