huashen218/convxai-cia-dataset huggingface dataset:
Title: Machine Learning Uncertainty as a Design Material: A Post-Phenomenological Inquiry
Authors: family: Benjamin
given: Jesse Josua; family: Berger
given: Arne; family: Merrill
given: Nick; family: Pierce
given: James
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: post-phenomenology, thingly uncertainty, design research, horizonal relations, machine learning

Abstract: Design research is important for understanding and interrogating how emerging technologies shape human experience. However, design research with Machine Learning (ML) is relatively underdeveloped. Crucially, designers have not found a grasp on ML uncertainty as a design opportunity rather than an obstacle. The technical literature points to data and model uncertainties as two main properties of ML. Through post-phenomenology, we position uncertainty as one defining material attribute of ML processes which mediate human experience. To understand ML uncertainty as a design material, we investigate four design research case studies involving ML. We derive three provocative concepts: thingly uncertainty: ML-driven artefacts have uncertain, variable relations to their environments; pattern leakage: ML uncertainty can lead to patterns shaping the world they are meant to represent; and futures creep: ML technologies texture human relations to time with uncertainty. Finally, we outline design research trajectories and sketch a post-phenomenological approach to human-ML relations.
Title: Dark Patterns and the Legal Requirements of Consent Banners: An Interaction Criticism Perspective
Authors: family: Gray
given: Colin M.; family: Santos
given: Cristiana; family: Bielova
given: Nataliia; family: Toth
given: Michael; family: Clifford
given: Damian
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: consent, Dark patterns, transdisciplinarity, interaction criticism, GDPR, technology ethics

Abstract: User engagement with data privacy and security through consent banners has become a ubiquitous part of interacting with internet services. While previous work has addressed consent banners from either interaction design, legal, and ethics-focused perspectives, little research addresses the connections among multiple disciplinary approaches, including tensions and opportunities that transcend disciplinary boundaries. In this paper, we draw together perspectives and commentary from HCI, design, privacy and data protection, and legal research communities, using the language and strategies of “dark patterns” to perform an interaction criticism reading of three different types of consent banners. Our analysis builds upon designer, interface, user, and social context lenses to raise tensions and synergies that arise together in complex, contingent, and conflicting ways in the act of designing consent banners. We conclude with opportunities for transdisciplinary dialogue across legal, ethical, computer science, and interactive systems scholarship to translate matters of ethical concern into public policy.
Title: Designing Civic Technology with Trust
Authors: family: Corbett
given: Eric; family: Le Dantec
given: Christopher
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Trust, Democracy, Digital Civics, Civic Technology, Smart Cities

Abstract: As the role technology plays in relationships between people and their governments grows, developing a better understanding of how trust can inform designing civic technology with trust is urgent work for human computer-interaction researchers. This paper reports our efforts to design with trust through a two-year design-ethnography with the City of Atlanta Mayor's Office of Immigrant Affairs. We developed a sociotechnical system—Code Enforcer—to help this office guide immigrant residents through successfully engaging the city's code enforcement process. To inform the design process, we adapted our framework of trust-as-distance. While the framework was instrumental for integrating issues of trust throughout our design process, it also introduced tensions between how and by whom trust was enacted and interpreted. By reflecting on these tensions, we tease out the political and moral elements of designing with trust vital for HCI to navigate moving forward.
Title: Seeing is Believing: Exploring Perceptual Differences in DeepFake Videos
Authors: family: Tahir
given: Rashid; family: Batool
given: Brishna; family: Jamshed
given: Hira; family: Jameel
given: Mahnoor; family: Anwar
given: Mubashir; family: Ahmed
given: Faizan; family: Zaffar
given: Muhammad Adeel; family: Zaffar
given: Muhammad Fareed
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Human Perception, DeepFakes Detection, Detection Algorithms, Awareness

Abstract: With AI on the boom, DeepFakes have emerged as a tool with a massive potential for abuse. The hyper-realistic imagery of these manipulated videos coupled with the expedited delivery models of social media platforms gives deception, propaganda, and disinformation an entirely new meaning. Hence, raising awareness about DeepFakes and how to accurately flag them has become imperative. However, given differences in human cognition and perception, this is not straightforward. In this paper, we perform an investigative user study and also analyze existing AI detection algorithms from the literature to demystify the unknowns that are at play behind the scenes when detecting DeepFakes. Based on our findings, we design a customized training program to improve detection and evaluate on a treatment group of low-literate population, which is most vulnerable to DeepFakes. Our results suggest that, while DeepFakes are becoming imperceptible, contextualized education and training can help raise awareness and improve detection.
Title: “It's a Kind of Art!”: Understanding Food Influencers as Influential Content Creators
Authors: family: Weber
given: Philip; family: Ludwig
given: Thomas; family: Brodesser
given: Sabrina; family: Grönewald
given: Laura
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Qualitative research, Social Media, Content creators, User-generated content, Empirical Study, Food influencer, Work practices

Abstract: Although the number of influencers is increasing and being an influencer is one of the most frequently mentioned career aspirations of young people, we still know very little about influencers’ motivations and actual practices from the HCI perspective. Driven by the emerging field of Human-Food Interaction and novel phenomena on social media such as Finstas, ASMR, Mukbang and live streaming, we would like to highlight the significance of food influencers as influential content creators and their social media practices. We have conducted a qualitative interview study and analyzed over 1,500 posts of food content creators on Instagram, focusing on practices of content creation, photography, staging, posting, and use of technology. Based on our findings, we have derived a process model that outlines the practices of this rather small, but influential user group. We contribute to the field of HCI by outlining the practices of food influencers as influential content creators within the social media sphere to open up design spaces for interaction researchers and practitioners.
Title: Are You Open? A Content Analysis of Transparency and Openness Guidelines in HCI Journals
Authors: family: Ballou
given: Nick; family: Warriar
given: Vivek R.; family: Deterding
given: Sebastian
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: open science, editorial practice, Transparency and Openness Promotion guidelines

Abstract: Within the wider open science reform movement, HCI researchers are actively debating how to foster transparency in their own field. Publication venues play a crucial role in instituting open science practices, especially journals, whose procedures arguably lend themselves better to them than conferences. Yet we know little about how much HCI journals presently support open science practices. We identified the 51 most frequently published-in journals by recent CHI first authors and coded them according to the Transparency and Openness Promotion guidelines, a high-profile standard of evaluating editorial practices. Results indicate that journals in our sample currently do not set or specify clear openness and transparency standards. Out of a maximum of 29, the modal score was 0 (mean = 2.5, SD = 3.6, max = 15). We discuss potential reasons, the aptness of natural science-based guidelines for HCI, and next steps for the HCI community in furthering openness and transparency.
Title: A Critique of Electrodermal Activity Practices at CHI
Authors: family: Babaei
given: Ebrahim; family: Tag
given: Benjamin; family: Dingler
given: Tilman; family: Velloso
given: Eduardo
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Galvanic Skin Response, Electrodermal Activity, GSR, EDA

Abstract: Electrodermal activity data is widely used in HCI to capture rich and unbiased signals. Results from related fields, however, have suggested several methodological issues that can arise when practices do not follow established standards. In this paper, we present a systematic methodological review of CHI papers involving the use of EDA data according to best practices from the field of psychophysiology, where standards are well-established and mature. We found severe issues in our sample at all stages of the research process. To ensure the validity of future research, we highlight pitfalls and offer directions for how to improve community standards.
Title: “I Might be Using His… But It is Also Mine!”: Ownership and Control in Accounts Designed for Sharing
Authors: family: Eun Song
given: Ji; family: You
given: Jaeyoun; family: Lee
given: Joongseek
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: shared ownership, DS accounts, account sharing, control, multiple profile

Abstract: A user's ownership perception of virtual objects, such as cloud files, is generally uncertain. Is this valid for streaming platforms featuring accounts designed for sharing (DS)? We observe sharing practices within DS accounts of streaming platforms and identify their ownership characteristics and unexpected complications through two mixed-method studies. Casual and Cost-splitting are the two sharing practices identified. The owner is the sole payer for the account in the former, whereas profile holders split the cost in the latter. We distinguish two types of ownership in each practice—Primary and Dual. In Primary ownership, the account owner has the power to allow others to use the account; in Dual ownership, Primary ownership appears in conjunction with joint ownership, notably displaying asymmetric ownership perceptions among users. Conflicts arise when the sharing agreements collapse. Therefore, we propose design recommendations that bridge ownership differences based on sharing practices of DS accounts.
Title: Clandestino or Rifugiato?Anti-immigration Facebook Ad Targeting in Italy✱
Authors: family: Capozzi
given: Arthur; family: De Francisci Morales
given: Gianmarco; family: Mejova
given: Yelena; family: Monti
given: Corrado; family: Panisson
given: André; family: Paolotti
given: Daniela
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Italy, immigration, targeting, advertising, politics

Abstract: Monitoring advertising around controversial issues is an important step in ensuring accountability and transparency of political processes. To that end, we use the Facebook Ads Library to collect 2312 migration-related advertising campaigns in Italy over one year. Our pro- and anti-immigration classifier (F1=0.85) reveals a partisan divide among the major Italian political parties, with anti-immigration ads accounting for nearly 15M impressions. Although composing 47.6% of all migration-related ads, anti-immigration ones receive 65.2% of impressions. We estimate that about two thirds of all captured campaigns use some kind of demographic targeting by location, gender, or age. We find sharp divides by age and gender: for instance, anti-immigration ads from major parties are 17% more likely to be seen by a male user than a female. Unlike pro-migration parties, we find that anti-immigration ones reach a similar demographic to their own voters. However their audience change with topic: an ad from anti-immigration parties is 24% more likely to be seen by a male user when the ad speaks about migration, than if it does not. Furthermore, the viewership of such campaigns tends to follow the volume of mainstream news around immigration, supporting the theory that political advertisers try to “ride the wave” of current news. We conclude with policy implications for political communication: since the Facebook Ads Library does not allow to distinguish between advertisers intentions and algorithmic targeting, we argue that more details should be shared by platforms regarding the targeting configuration of socio-political campaigns.
Title: Using Job Characteristics to Inform Interface Design for Industrial Maintenance Procedures
Authors: family: Woods
given: Caitlin; family: Griffin
given: Mark A.; family: French
given: Tim; family: Hodkiewicz
given: Melinda
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: job characteristics, user experience design, industrial maintenance, interviews

Abstract: Maintenance of industrial equipment is done by fitters, electricians and other maintainers. For safety and quality control, maintainers must follow procedures; historically these have been paper-based. Asset-owning organisations seek to transition maintainers to digital platforms. However, there are limited studies on the potential impact of digitisation on maintenance work and the maintainers that perform it. Our challenge is to identify interface design considerations that support the safe and reliable execution of work. We looked specifically at maintenance procedures and conducted semi-structured interviews with process-plant maintainers. Thematic analysis identified eight factors influencing maintainers’ perceptions towards using digital technologies in their work. We map these factors to three categories, work identity, agency and community. These categories are consistent with concepts from the Job Characteristics Model (JCM). The contribution of this work is the relevance of job characteristics in guiding user interface design for maintainers, for which we make a number of recommendations.
Title: Spreadsheet Comprehension: Guesswork, Giving Up and Going Back to the Author
Authors: family: Srinivasa Ragavan
given: Sruti; family: Sarkar
given: Advait; family: Gordon
given: Andrew D
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: end-user programming, Spreadsheets

Abstract: Spreadsheet users routinely read, and misread, others' spreadsheets, but literature offers only a high-level understanding of users’ comprehension behaviors. This limits our ability to support millions of users in spreadsheet comprehension activities. Therefore, we conducted a think-aloud study of 15 spreadsheet users who read others’ spreadsheets as part of their work. With qualitative coding of participants’ comprehension needs, strategies and difficulties at 20-second granularity, our study provides the most detailed understanding of spreadsheet comprehension to date.Participants comprehending spreadsheets spent around 40% of their time seeking additional information needed to understand the spreadsheet. These information seeking episodes were tedious: around 50% of participants reported feeling overwhelmed. Moreover, participants often failed to obtain the necessary information and worked instead with guesses about the spreadsheet. Eventually, 12 out of 15 participants decided to go back to the spreadsheet's author for clarifications. Our findings have design implications for reading as well as writing spreadsheets.
Title: Perverse Downstream Consequences of Debunking: Being Corrected by Another User for Posting False Political News Increases Subsequent Sharing of Low Quality, Partisan, and Toxic Content in a Twitter Field Experiment
Authors: family: Mosleh
given: Mohsen; family: Martel
given: Cameron; family: Eckles
given: Dean; family: Rand
given: David
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Misinformation, fake news, social media, correction

Abstract: A prominent approach to combating online misinformation is to debunk false content. Here we investigate downstream consequences of social corrections on users’ subsequent sharing of other content. Being corrected might make users more attentive to accuracy, thus improving their subsequent sharing. Alternatively, corrections might not improve subsequent sharing - or even backfire - by making users feel defensive, or by shifting their attention away from accuracy (e.g., towards various social factors). We identified N=2,000 users who shared false political news on Twitter, and replied to their false tweets with links to fact-checking websites. We find causal evidence that being corrected decreases the quality, and increases the partisan slant and language toxicity, of the users’ subsequent retweets (but has no significant effect on primary tweets). This suggests that being publicly corrected by another user shifts one's attention away from accuracy - presenting an important challenge for social correction approaches.
Title: Understanding the Usage of Online Media for Parenting from Infancy to Preschool At Scale
Authors: family: Gao
given: Yujia; family: Jang
given: Jinu; family: Yang
given: Diyi
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Parenting, Natural Language Processing, Data Augmentation, Social Support, Online Media, Online Health Communities

Abstract: New parents, defined as parents of children between the infant and preschooler stages, are increasingly turning to online media to exchange support and information to help with their life-changing transition. Understanding parents’ discussion online is crucial to the design and development of technologies that can better support their media interaction. This work studies how new parents use online media using a large-scale parenting corpus. To do so, we first employed a card-sorting methodology to identify a set of parenting topics, with which we trained BERT classifiers to automatically identify the topics of Reddit posts. We then investigate at scale what parenting topics were talked about most by new parents, how topics change over the course of their participation, and how interactions with different topics affect members’ engagement in the community. We conclude with implications of our research in designing future research and online parenting communities.
Title: Trust in Collaborative Automation in High Stakes Software Engineering Work: A Case Study at NASA
Authors: family: Widder
given: David Gray; family: Dabbish
given: Laura; family: Herbsleb
given: James D.; family: Holloway
given: Alexandra; family: Davidoff
given: Scott
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: case study, trust, space, tools, software engineering, autonomous, ethnography

Abstract: The amount of autonomy in software engineering tools is increasing as developers build increasingly complex systems. We study factors influencing software engineers’ trust in an autonomous tool situated in a high stakes workplace, because research in other contexts shows that too much or too little trust in autonomous tools can have negative consequences. We present the results of a ten week ethnographic case study of engineers collaborating with an autonomous tool to write control software at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to support high stakes missions. We find that trust in an autonomous software engineering tool in this setting was influenced by four main factors: the tool’s transparency, usability, its social context, and the organization’s associated processes. Our observations lead us to frame trust as a quality the operator places in their collaboration with the automated system, and we outline implications of this framing and other results for researchers studying trust in autonomous systems, designers of software engineering tools, and organizations conducting high stakes work with these tools.
Title: Auditing E-Commerce Platforms for Algorithmically Curated Vaccine Misinformation
Authors: family: Juneja
given: Prerna; family: Mitra
given: Tanushree
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: algorithmic bias, recommendations, personalization, vaccine misinformation, algorithmic audits, search engines, health misinformation, e-commerce platforms, search results

Abstract: There is a growing concern that e-commerce platforms are amplifying vaccine-misinformation. To investigate, we conduct two-sets of algorithmic audits for vaccine misinformation on the search and recommendation algorithms of Amazon—world’s leading e-retailer. First, we systematically audit search-results belonging to vaccine-related search-queries without logging into the platform—unpersonalized audits. We find 10.47% of search-results promote misinformative health products. We also observe ranking-bias, with Amazon ranking misinformative search-results higher than debunking search-results. Next, we analyze the effects of personalization due to account-history, where history is built progressively by performing various real-world user-actions, such as clicking a product. We find evidence of filter-bubble effect in Amazon’s recommendations; accounts performing actions on misinformative products are presented with more misinformation compared to accounts performing actions on neutral and debunking products. Interestingly, once user clicks on a misinformative product, homepage recommendations become more contaminated compared to when user shows an intention to buy that product.
Title: Feeling Colours: Crossmodal Correspondences Between Tangible 3D Objects, Colours and Emotions
Authors: family: Lin
given: Anan; family: Scheller
given: Meike; family: Feng
given: Feng; family: Proulx
given: Michael J; family: Metatla
given: Oussama
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: 3D Printing, Touch, Kiki, Bouba, Crossmodal Correspondences, Emotions, Colour, Multisensory Interaction

Abstract: With increasing interest in multisensory experiences in HCI there is a need to consider the potential impact of crossmodal correspondences (CCs) between sensory modalities on perception and interpretation. We investigated CCs between active haptic experiences of tangible 3D objects, visual colour and emotion using the “Bouba/Kiki” paradigm. We asked 30 participants to assign colours and emotional categories to 3D-printed objects with varying degrees of angularity and complexity. We found tendencies to associate high degrees of complexity and angularity with red colours, low brightness and high arousal levels. Less complex round shapes were associated with blue colours, high brightness and positive valence levels. These findings contrast previously reported crossmodal effects triggered by 2D shapes of similar angularity and complexity, suggesting that designers cannot simply extrapolate potential perceptual and interpretive experiences elicited by 2D shapes to seemingly similar 3D tangible objects. Instead, we propose a design space for creating tangible multisensory artefacts that can trigger specific emotional percepts and discuss implications for exploiting CCs in the design of interactive technology.