huashen218/convxai-cia-dataset huggingface dataset:
Title: The Right to the Sustainable Smart City
Authors: family: Heitlinger
given: Sara; family: Bryan-Kinns
given: Nick; family: Comber
given: Rob
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: hybrid cities, sustainable hci, civic iot, right to the city, urban agriculture, spatial autogestion, internet of things, smart cities, anthropocene

Abstract: Environmental concerns have driven an interest in sustainable smart cities, through the monitoring and optimisation of networked infrastructures. At the same time, there are concerns about who these interventions and services are for, and who benefits. HCI researchers and designers interested in civic life have started to call for the democratisation of urban space through resistance and political action to challenge state and corporate claims. This paper contributes to an emerging body of work that seeks to involve citizens in the design of sustainable smart cities, particularly in the context of marginalised and culturally diverse urban communities. We present a study involving co-designing Internet of Things with urban agricultural communities and discuss three ways in which design can participate in the right to the sustainable smart city through designing for the commons, care, and biocultural diversity.
Title: Privacy and Security Considerations For Digital Technology Use in Elementary Schools
Authors: family: Kumar
given: Priya C.; family: Chetty
given: Marshini; family: Clegg
given: Tamara L.; family: Vitak
given: Jessica
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: technology use, elementary school, security, privacy

Abstract: Elementary school educators increasingly use digital technologies to teach students, manage classrooms, and complete everyday tasks. Prior work has considered the educational and pedagogical implications of technology use, but little research has examined how educators consider privacy and security in relation to classroom technology use. To better understand what privacy and security mean to elementary school educators, we conducted nine focus groups with 25 educators across three metropolitan regions in the northeast U.S. Our findings suggest that technology use is an integral part of elementary school classrooms, that educators consider digital privacy and security through the lens of curricular and classroom management goals, and that lessons to teach children about digital privacy and security are rare. Using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, we identify design opportunities to help educators integrate privacy and security into decisions about digital technology use and to help children learn about digital privacy and security.
Title: The Scale and Structure of Personal File Collections
Authors: family: Dinneen
given: Jesse David; family: Julien
given: Charles-Antoine; family: Frissen
given: Ilja
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: personal information management, files, folder navigation

Abstract: Although many challenges of managing computer files have been identified in past studies -- and many alternative prototypes made -- the scale and structure of personal file collections remain relatively unknown. We studied 348 such collections, and found they are typically considerably larger in scale (30-190 thousand files) and structure (folder trees twice taller and many times wider) than previously thought, which suggests files and folders are used now more than ever despite advances in Web storage, desktop search, and tagging. Data along many measures within and across collections were log normally distributed, indicating that personal collections resemble imbalanced, group-made collections and confirming the intuition that personal information management behaviour varies greatly. Directions for the generation of test collections and other future research are discussed.
Title: RealityCheck: Blending Virtual Environments with Situated Physical Reality
Authors: family: Hartmann
given: Jeremy; family: Holz
given: Christian; family: Ofek
given: Eyal; family: Wilson
given: Andrew D.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: depth cameras, 3d compositing, virtual reality

Abstract: Today's virtual reality (VR) systems offer chaperone rendering techniques that prevent the user from colliding with physical objects. Without a detailed geometric model of the physical world, these techniques offer limited possibility for more advanced compositing between the real world and the virtual. We explore this using a realtime 3D reconstruction of the real world that can be combined with a virtual environment. RealityCheck allows users to freely move, manipulate, observe, and communicate with people and objects situated in their physical space without losing the sense of immersion or presence inside their virtual world. We demonstrate RealityCheck with seven existing VR titles, and describe compositing approaches that address the potential conflicts when rendering the real world and a virtual environment together. A study with frequent VR users demonstrate the affordances provided by our system and how it can be used to enhance current VR experiences.
Title: Can Privacy Be Satisfying? On Improving Viewer Satisfaction for Privacy-Enhanced Photos Using Aesthetic Transforms
Authors: family: Hasan
given: Rakibul; family: Li
given: Yifang; family: Hassan
given: Eman; family: Caine
given: Kelly; family: Crandall
given: David J.; family: Hoyle
given: Roberto; family: Kapadia
given: Apu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: privacy, image obfuscation, image filtering

Abstract: Pervasive photo sharing in online social media platforms can cause unintended privacy violations when elements of an image reveal sensitive information. Prior studies have identified image obfuscation methods (e.g., blurring) to enhance privacy, but many of these methods adversely affect viewers' satisfaction with the photo, which may cause people to avoid using them. In this paper, we study the novel hypothesis that it may be possible to restore viewers' satisfaction by 'boosting' or enhancing the aesthetics of an obscured image, thereby compensating for the negative effects of a privacy transform. Using a between-subjects online experiment, we studied the effects of three artistic transformations on images that had objects obscured using three popular obfuscation methods validated by prior research. Our findings suggest that using artistic transformations can mitigate some negative effects of obfuscation methods, but more exploration is needed to retain viewer satisfaction.
Title: Autonomous Distributed Energy Systems: Problematising the Invisible through Design, Drama and Deliberation
Authors: family: Pschetz
given: Larissa; family: Pothong
given: Kruakae; family: Speed
given: Chris
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: performance, critical design, distributed energy, improvisation, theatre, deliberation, speculative design, blockchain

Abstract: Technologies such as blockchains, smart contracts and programmable batteries facilitate emerging models of energy distribution, trade and consumption, and generate a considerable number of opportunities for energy markets. However, these developments complicate relationships between stakeholders, disrupting traditional notions of value, control and ownership. Discussing these issues with the public is particularly challenging as energy consumption habits often obscure the competing values and interests that shape stakeholders' relationships. To make such difficult discussions more approachable and examine the missing relational aspect of autonomous energy systems, we combined the design of speculative hairdryers with performance and deliberation. This integrated method of inquiry makes visible the competing values and interests, eliciting people's wishes to negotiate these terms. We argue that the complexity of mediated energy distribution and its convoluted stakeholder relationships requires more sophisticated methods of inquiry to engage people in debates concerning distributed energy systems.
Title: Understanding and Mitigating Worker Biases in the Crowdsourced Collection of Subjective Judgments
Authors: family: Hube
given: Christoph; family: Fetahu
given: Besnik; family: Gadiraju
given: Ujwal
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: workers, microtasks, crowdsourcing, bias

Abstract: Crowdsourced data acquired from tasks that comprise a subjective component (e.g. opinion detection, sentiment analysis) is potentially affected by the inherent bias of crowd workers who contribute to the tasks. This can lead to biased and noisy ground-truth data, propagating the undesirable bias and noise when used in turn to train machine learning models or evaluate systems. In this work, we aim to understand the influence of workers' own opinions on their performance in the subjective task of bias detection. We analyze the influence of workers' opinions on their annotations corresponding to different topics. Our findings reveal that workers with strong opinions tend to produce biased annotations. We show that such bias can be mitigated to improve the overall quality of the data collected. Experienced crowd workers also fail to distance themselves from their own opinions to provide unbiased annotations.
Title: Detecting Visuo-Haptic Mismatches in Virtual Reality using the Prediction Error Negativity of Event-Related Brain Potentials
Authors: family: Gehrke
given: Lukas; family: Akman
given: Sezen; family: Lopes
given: Pedro; family: Chen
given: Albert; family: Singh
given: Avinash Kumar; family: Chen
given: Hsiang-Ting; family: Lin
given: Chin-Teng; family: Gramann
given: Klaus
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: virtual reality, erp, eeg, prediction error, elecrical muscle stimulation, force feedback

Abstract: Designing immersion is the key challenge in virtual reality; this challenge has driven advancements in displays, rendering and recently, haptics. To increase our sense of physical immersion, for instance, vibrotactile gloves render the sense of touching, while electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) renders forces. Unfortunately, the established metric to assess the effectiveness of haptic devices relies on the user's subjective interpretation of unspecific, yet standardized, questions.Here, we explore a new approach to detect a conflict in visuo-haptic integration (e.g., inadequate haptic feedback based on poorly configured collision detection) using electroencephalography (EEG). We propose analyzing event-related potentials (ERPs) during interaction with virtual objects. In our study, participants touched virtual objects in three conditions and received either no haptic feedback, vibration, or vibration and EMS feedback. To provoke a brain response in unrealistic VR interaction, we also presented the feedback prematurely in 25% of the trials.We found that the early negativity component of the ERP (so called prediction error) was more pronounced in the mismatch trials, indicating we successfully detected haptic conflicts using our technique. Our results are a first step towards using ERPs to automatically detect visuo-haptic mismatches in VR, such as those that can cause a loss of the user's immersion.
Title: A is for Artificial Intelligence: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Activities on Young Children's Perceptions of Robots
Authors: family: Williams
given: Randi; family: Park
given: Hae Won; family: Breazeal
given: Cynthia
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: child-robot interaction, ai education, social robots, early childhood education

Abstract: We developed a novel early childhood artificial intelligence (AI) platform, PopBots, where preschool children train and interact with social robots to learn three AI concepts: knowledge-based systems, supervised machine learning, and generative AI. We evaluated how much children learned by using AI assessments we developed for each activity. The median score on the cumulative assessment was 70% and children understood knowledge-based systems the best. Then, we analyzed the impact of the activities on children's perceptions of robots. Younger children came to see robots as toys that were smarter than them, but their older counterparts saw them more as people that were not as smart as them. Children who performed worse on the AI assessments believed that robots were like toys that were not as smart as them, however children who did better on the assessments saw robots as people who were smarter than them. We believe early AI education can empower children to understand the AI devices that are increasingly in their lives.
Title: Overcoming Distractions during Transitions from Break to Work using a Conversational Website-Blocking System
Authors: family: Tseng
given: Vincent W.-S.; family: Lee
given: Matthew L.; family: Denoue
given: Laurent; family: Avrahami
given: Daniel
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: interruption management, workplace, cyberloafing, wellbeing, work breaks, conversational agents

Abstract: Work breaks--both physical and digital--play an important role in productivity and workplace wellbeing. Yet, the growing availability of digital distractions from online content can turn breaks into prolonged "cyberloafing". In this paper, we present UpTime, a system that aims to support workers' transitions from breaks back to work--moments susceptible to digital distractions. Combining a browser extension and chatbot, users interact with UpTime through proactive and reactive chat prompts. By sensing transitions from inactivity, UpTime helps workers avoid distractions by automatically blocking distracting websites temporarily, while still giving them control to take necessary digital breaks. We report findings from a 3-week comparative field study with 15 workers. Our results show that automatic, temporary blocking at transition points can significantly reduce digital distractions and stress without sacrificing workers' sense of control. Our findings, however, also emphasize that overloading users' existing communication channels for chatbot interaction should be done thoughtfully.
Title: Let Me Explain: Impact of Personal and Impersonal Explanations on Trust in Recommender Systems
Authors: family: Kunkel
given: Johannes; family: Donkers
given: Tim; family: Michael
given: Lisa; family: Barbu
given: Catalin-Mihai; family: Ziegler
given: Jürgen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: user study, recommender systems, structural equation modelling, counterfactual analysis, explanations, trust

Abstract: Trust in a Recommender System (RS) is crucial for its overall success. However, it remains underexplored whether users trust personal recommendation sources (i.e. other humans) more than impersonal sources (i.e. conventional RS), and, if they do, whether the perceived quality of explanation provided account for the difference. We conducted an empirical study in which we compared these two sources of recommendations and explanations. Human advisors were asked to explain movies they recommended in short texts while the RS created explanations based on item similarity. Our experiment comprised two rounds of recommending. Over both rounds the quality of explanations provided by users was assessed higher than the quality of the system's explanations. Moreover, explanation quality significantly influenced perceived recommendation quality as well as trust in the recommendation source. Consequently, we suggest that RS should provide richer explanations in order to increase their perceived recommendation quality and trustworthiness.
Title: Online, VR, AR, Lab, and In-Situ: Comparison of Research Methods to Evaluate Smart Artifacts
Authors: family: Voit
given: Alexandra; family: Mayer
given: Sven; family: Schwind
given: Valentin; family: Henze
given: Niels
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: empirical methods, user studies, surveys, smart artifacts, prototype evaluation

Abstract: Empirical studies are a cornerstone of HCI research. Technical progress constantly enables new study methods. Online surveys, for example, make it possible to collect feedback from remote users. Progress in augmented and virtual reality enables to collect feedback with early designs. In-situ studies enable researchers to gather feedback in natural environments. While these methods have unique advantages and disadvantages, it is unclear if and how using a specific method affects the results. Therefore, we conducted a study with 60 participants comparing five different methods (online, virtual reality, augmented reality, lab setup, and in-situ) to evaluate early prototypes of smart artifacts. We asked participants to assess four different smart artifacts using standardized questionnaires. We show that the method significantly affects the study result and discuss implications for HCI research. Finally, we highlight further directions to overcome the effect of the used methods.
Title: #HandsOffMyADA: A Twitter Response to the ADA Education and Reform Act
Authors: family: Auxier
given: Brooke E.; family: Buntain
given: Cody L.; family: Jaeger
given: Paul; family: Golbeck
given: Jennifer; family: Kacorri
given: Hernisa
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: disability rights, activism, accessibility, social media

Abstract: Twitter continues to be used increasingly for communication related advocacy, activism, and social change. This is also the case for the disability community. In light of the recently proposed ADA Education and Reform in the United States, we investigate factors for effectiveness of sharing or retweeting messages about topics affecting the rights of people with disabilities. We perform a multifaceted study of the #HandsOffMyADA campaign against the proposed H.R.620 bill to: (1) explore how communication via Twitter compares to previous disability rights movements; (2) characterize the campaign in terms of hashtags, user groups, and content such as accessible multimedia that contribute to dissemination of campaign messages; (3) identify major themes in tweets and responses, and their variation among user groups; and (4) understand how the disability community mobilized for this campaign compared to previous Twitter initiatives.
Title: Comparing the Effects of Paper and Digital Checklists on Team Performance in Time-Critical Work
Authors: family: Kulp
given: Leah; family: Sarcevic
given: Aleksandra; family: Cheng
given: Megan; family: Zheng
given: Yinan; family: Burd
given: Randall S.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: user interface design, digital checklist, trauma resuscitation, technology implementation, team performance, medical records

Abstract: This mixed-methods study examines the effects of a tablet-based checklist system on team performance during a dynamic and safety-critical process of trauma resuscitation. We compared team performance from 47 resuscitations that used a paper checklist to that from 47 cases with a digital checklist to determine if digitizing a checklist led to improvements in task completion rates and in how fast the tasks were initiated for 18 most critical assessment and treatment tasks. We also compared if the checklist compliance increased with the digital design. We found that using the digital checklist led to more frequent completions of the initial airway assessment task but fewer completions of ear and lower extremities exams. We did not observe any significant differences in time to task performance, but found increased compliance with the checklist. Although improvements in team performance with the digital checklist were minor, our findings are important because they showed no adverse effects as a result of the digital checklist introduction. We conclude by discussing the takeaways and implications of these results for effective digitization of medical work.
Title: FiberWire: Embedding Electronic Function into 3D Printed Mechanically Strong, Lightweight Carbon Fiber Composite Objects
Authors: family: Swaminathan
given: Saiganesh; family: Ozutemiz
given: Kadri Bugra; family: Majidi
given: Carmel; family: Hudson
given: Scott E.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: material processing, embedded electronics, fabrication, 3d printing, carbon-fiber composites

Abstract: 3D printing offers significant potential in creating highly customized interactive and functional objects. However, at present ability to manufacture functional objects is limited by available materials (e.g., various polymers) and their process properties. For instance, many functional objects need stronger materials which may be satisfied with metal printers. However, to create wholly interactive devices, we need both conductors and insulators to create wiring, and electronic components to complete circuits. Unfortunately, the single material nature of metal printing, and its inherent high temperatures, preclude this. Thus, in 3D printed devices, we have had a choice of strong materials, or embedded interactivity, but not both. In this paper, we introduce a set of techniques we call FiberWire, which leverages a new commercially available capability to 3D print carbon fiber composite objects. These objects are light weight and mechanically strong, and our techniques demonstrate a means to embed circuitry for interactive devices within them. With FiberWire, we describe a fabrication pipeline takes advantage of laser etching and fiber printing between layers of carbon-fiber composite to form low resistance conductors, thereby enabling the fabrication of electronics directly embedded into mechanically strong objects. Utilizing the fabrication pipeline, we show a range of sensor designs, their performance characterization on these new materials and finally three fully printed example object that are both interactive and mechanically strong -- a bicycle handle bar with interactive controls, a swing and impact sensing golf club and an interactive game controller (Figure 1).
Title: Group Interactions in Location-Based Gaming: A Case Study of Raiding in Pokémon GO
Authors: family: Bhattacharya
given: Arpita; family: Windleharth
given: Travis W.; family: Ishii
given: Rio Anthony; family: Acevedo
given: Ivy M.; family: Aragon
given: Cecilia R.; family: Kientz
given: Julie A.; family: Yip
given: Jason C.; family: Lee
given: Jin Ha
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: location based game, raiding, groups, mixed reality game

Abstract: Raiding is a format in digital gaming that requires groups of people to collaborate and/or compete for a common goal. In 2017, the raiding format was introduced in the location-based mobile game Pokémon GO, which offers a mixed reality experience to friends and strangers coordinating for in-person raids. To understand this technology-mediated social phenomenon, we conducted over a year of participant observations, surveys with 510 players, and interviews with 25 players who raid in Pokémon GO. Using the analytical lens of Arrow, McGrath, and Berdahl's theory of small groups as complex systems, we identify global, local, and contextual dynamics in location-based raiding that support and challenge ad-hoc group formation in real life. Based on this empirical and theoretical understanding, we discuss implications to design for transparency, social affordances, and bridging gaps between global and contextual dynamics for increased positive and inclusive community interactions.