huashen218/convxai-cia-dataset huggingface dataset:
Title: Living Memory Home: Understanding Continuing Bond in the Digital Age through Backstage Grieving
Authors: family: She
given: Wan-Jou; family: Siriaraya
given: Panote; family: Ang
given: Chee Siang; family: Prigerson
given: Holly Gwen
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Thanatosensitive technology, Prolonged Grief Disorder, Digital Grieving, Continuous Bonds

Abstract: Prolong Grief Disorder (PGD) is a condition in which mourners are stuck in the grief process for a prolonged period and continue to suffer from an intense, mal-adaptive level of grief. Despite the increased popularity of virtual mourning practices, and subsequently the emergence of HCI research in this area, there is little research looking into how continuing bonds maintained digitally promote or impede bereavement adjustment. Through a one-month diary study and in-depth interviews with 17 participants who recently lost their loved ones, we identified four broad mechanisms of how grievers engage in what we called ”backstage” grieving (as opposed to bereavement through digital public space like social media). We further discuss how this personal and private grieving is important in maintaining emotional well-being hence avoiding developing PGD, as well as possible design opportunities and challenges for future digital tools to support grieving.
Title: A Review on Strategies for Data Collection, Reflection, and Communication in Eating Disorder Apps
Authors: family: Devakumar
given: Anjali; family: Modh
given: Jay; family: Saket
given: Bahador; family: Baumer
given: Eric P. S.; family: De Choudhury
given: Munmun
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: apps, self-tracking, reflection, eating disorder

Abstract: Eating disorders (EDs) constitute a mental illness with the highest mortality. Today, mobile health apps provide promising means to ED patients for managing their condition. Apps enable users to monitor their eating habits, thoughts, and feelings, and offer analytic insights for behavior change. However, not only have scholars critiqued the clinical validity of these apps, their underlying design principles are not well understood. Through a review of 34 ED apps, we uncovered 11 different data types ED apps collect, and 9 strategies they employ to support collection and reflection. Drawing upon personal health informatics and visualization frameworks, we found that most apps did not adhere to best practices on what and how data should be collected from and reflected to users, or how data-driven insights should be communicated. Our review offers suggestions for improving the design of ED apps such that they can be useful and meaningful in ED recovery.
Title: Charting the Unknown: Challenges in the Clinical Assessment of Patients’ Technology Use Related to Eating Disorders
Authors: family: Pater
given: Jessica; family: Nova
given: Fayika Farhat; family: Coupe
given: Amanda; family: Reining
given: Lauren E.; family: Kerrigan
given: Connie; family: Toscos
given: Tammy; family: Mynatt
given: Elizabeth D
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: screening, eating disorder, digital self-harm, semi-structured interview, patient’s social media, clinician

Abstract: A growing body of research in HCI focuses on understanding how social media and other social technologies impact a given user’s mental health, including eating disorders. In this paper, we review the results of an interview study with 10 clinicians spanning various specialties who treat people with eating disorders, in order to understand the clinical contexts of eating disorders and social media use. We found various tensions related to clinician comfort and education into the (mis)use of technologies and balancing the positive and negative aspects of social media use within active disease states as well as in recovery. Understanding these tensions as well as the variation in the current process of diagnosing patients is a critical component in connecting HCI research focused on eating disorders to clinical practice and ultimately assessing how digital self-harm could be addressed clinically in the future.
Title: Understanding the Security and Privacy Advice Given to Black Lives Matter Protesters
Authors: family: Boyd
given: Maia J.; family: Sullivan Jr.
given: Jamar L.; family: Chetty
given: Marshini; family: Ur
given: Blase
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Activism, Black Lives Matter, Security, Security Advice, Privacy, BLM, BlackLivesMatter

Abstract: In 2020, there were widespread Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests in the U.S. Because many attendees were novice protesters, organizations distributed guides for staying safe at a protest, often including security and privacy advice. To understand what advice novice protesters are given, we collected 41 safety guides distributed during BLM protests in spring 2020. We identified 13 classes of digital security and privacy advice in these guides. To understand whether this advice influences protesters, we surveyed 167 BLM protesters. Respondents reported an array of security and privacy concerns, and their concerns were magnified when considering fellow protesters. While most respondents reported being aware of, and following, certain advice (e.g., choosing a strong phone passcode), many were unaware of key advice like using end-to-end encrypted messengers and disabling biometric phone unlocking. Our results can guide future advice and technologies to help novice protesters protect their security and privacy.
Title: “It’s So Difficult to Sever that Connection”: The Role of FoMO in Users’ Reluctant Privacy Behaviours
Authors: family: Westin
given: Fiona; family: Chiasson
given: Sonia
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Privacy, Interviews, Privacy Paradox, Participatory Reluctance, Fear of Missing Out, Social Media, Dark Patterns

Abstract: This paper provides empirical evidence of a link between the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and reluctant privacy behaviours, to help explain a gap between users’ privacy attitudes and their behaviours online (also known as the Privacy Paradox). Using Grounded Theory, we interviewed 25 participants and created a high-level empirically-grounded theory of the relationship between FoMO and reluctant privacy behaviours. We identify three main dimensions in which users feel pressured to participate even when they have privacy concerns, to avoid missing out. We discuss the implications of these results on the design of technologies, and how they may indicate systemic dark design.
Title: Covert Embodied Choice: Decision-Making and the Limits of Privacy Under Biometric Surveillance
Authors: family: Gordon
given: Jeremy Raboff; family: Curran
given: Max T.; family: Chuang
given: John; family: Cheshire
given: Coye
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: privacy, prediction, virtual reality, surveillance, biometrics

Abstract: Algorithms engineered to leverage rich behavioral and biometric data to predict individual attributes and actions continue to permeate public and private life. A fundamental risk may emerge from misconceptions about the sensitivity of such data, as well as the agency of individuals to protect their privacy when fine-grained (and possibly involuntary) behavior is tracked. In this work, we examine how individuals adjust their behavior when incentivized to avoid the algorithmic prediction of their intent. We present results from a virtual reality task in which gaze, movement, and other physiological signals are tracked. Participants are asked to decide which card to select without an algorithmic adversary anticipating their choice. We find that while participants use a variety of strategies, data collected remains highly predictive of choice (80% accuracy). Additionally, a significant portion of participants became more predictable despite efforts to obfuscate, possibly indicating mistaken priors about the dynamics of algorithmic prediction.
Title: Empowering Resignation: There’s an App for That
Authors: family: Seberger
given: John S.; family: Llavore
given: Marissel; family: Wyant
given: Nicholas Nye; family: Shklovski
given: Irina; family: Patil
given: Sameer
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: resignation, hyperbolic scaling, privacy, discomfort, conditional empowerment, usage scenarios, empowerment, power, privacy management, smartphone apps, mobile apps, privacy preferences, privacy controls, creepiness

Abstract: “There’s an app for that” is perhaps the definitive rhetoric of our times. To understand how users navigate the trade-offs involved in using apps that support a variety of everyday activities, we conducted scenario-based semi-structured interviews (n = 25). Despite the technical and regulatory mechanisms that are supposedly meant to empower users to manage their privacy, we found that users express an overarching feeling of resignation regarding privacy matters. Because these apps provide convenience and other benefits, as one participant put it, “there is a very fine line” that marks the divide between feeling empowered in the use of technology and coping with the discomfort and creepiness arising from invasive app behavior. Participants consistently expressed being resigned to disclose data even as they accepted personal responsibility for their own privacy. We apply the findings to discuss the limits of empowerment as a design logic for privacy-oriented solutions.
Title: Overlooking Context: How do Defaults and Framing Reduce Deliberation in Smart Home Privacy Decision-Making?
Authors: family: Bahirat
given: Paritosh; family: Willemsen
given: Martijn; family: He
given: Yangyang; family: Sun
given: Qizhang; family: Knijnenburg
given: Bart
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Smart Home IoT, Privacy Decision Making, Defaults and Framing

Abstract: Research has demonstrated that users’ heuristic decision-making processes cause external factors like defaults and framing to influence the outcome of privacy decisions. Proponents of “privacy nudging” have proposed leveraging these effects to guide users’ decisions. Our research shows that defaults and framing not only influence the outcome of privacy decisions, but also the process of evaluating the contextual factors associated with the decision, effectively making the decision-making process more heuristic. In our analysis of an existing dataset of scenario-based smart home privacy decisions, we demonstrate that defaults and framing not only have a direct effect on participants’ decisions; they also moderate the effect of their cognitive appraisals of the presented scenarios on the decision. These results suggest that nudges like defaults and framing exacerbate the well-researched problem that people often employ heuristics rather than making deliberate privacy decisions, and that privacy-setting interfaces should avoid the effects of heuristic decision-making.
Title: Building for ‘We’: Safety Settings for Couples with Memory Concerns
Authors: family: McDonald
given: Nora; family: Mentis
given: Helena M.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: cybersecurity, scenario-based design, Memory loss

Abstract: Designing technologies that support the mutual cybersecurity and autonomy of older adults facing cognitive challenges requires close collaboration of partners. As part of research to design a Safety Setting application for older adults with memory loss or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we use a scenario-based participatory design. Our study builds on previous findings that couples’ approach to memory loss was characterized by a desire for flexibility and choice, and an embrace of role uncertainty. We find that couples don't want a system that fundamentally alters their relationship and are looking to maximize self-surveillance competence and minimize loss of autonomy for their partners. All desire Safety Settings to maintain their mutual safety rather than designating one partner as the target of oversight. Couples are open to more rigorous surveillance if they have control over what types of activities trigger various levels of oversight.
Title: “It did not give me an option to decline”: A Longitudinal Analysis of the User Experience of Security and Privacy in Smart Home Products
Authors: family: Chalhoub
given: George; family: Kraemer
given: Martin J; family: Nthala
given: Norbert; family: Flechais
given: Ivan
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: user experience, smart home, security, qualitative study, privacy, longitudinal study

Abstract: Smart home products aren’t living up to their promise. They claim to transform the way we live, providing convenience, energy efficiency, and safety. However, the reality is significantly less profound and often frustrating. This is particularly apparent in security and privacy experiences: powerlessness, confusion, and annoyance have all been reported. In order to reduce frustration and help fulfill the promise of smart homes, we need to explore the experience of security and privacy in situ. We analyze an ethnographic study observing six UK households over six months to present a longitudinal view of security and privacy user experiences in smart products. We find inconsistencies in managing security and privacy, e.g., contrasting the ease of granting and difficulty of withholding consent. We identify security and privacy issues in repurposing smart home devices – using devices outside of their initial intended purposes. We conclude with recommendations for design in smart home devices.
Title: Your Photo is so Funny that I don’t Mind Violating Your Privacy by Sharing it: Effects of Individual Humor Styles on Online Photo-sharing Behaviors
Authors: family: Hasan
given: Rakibul; family: Bertenthal
given: Bennett I.; family: Hugenberg
given: Kurt; family: Kapadia
given: Apu
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: photo-sharing, intervention, humor, privacy, online social media, decision-making

Abstract: We investigate how people’s ‘humor style’ relates to their online photo-sharing behaviors and reactions to ‘privacy primes’. In an online experiment, we queried 437 participants about their humor style, likelihood to share photo-memes, and history of sharing others’ photos. In two treatment conditions, participants were either primed to imagine themselves as the photo-subjects or to consider the photo-subjects’ privacy before sharing memes. We found that participants who frequently use aggressive and self-deprecating humor were more likely to violate others’ privacy by sharing photos. We also replicated the interventions’ paradoxical effects – increasing sharing likelihood – as reported in earlier work and identified the subgroups that demonstrated this behavior through interaction analyses. When primed to consider the subjects’ privacy, only humor deniers (participants who use humor infrequently) demonstrated increased sharing. In contrast, when imagining themselves as the photo-subjects, humor deniers, unlike other participants, did not increase the sharing of photos.
Title: Truth or Dare: Understanding and Predicting How Users Lie and Provide Untruthful Data Online
Authors: family: Ramokapane
given: Kopo M.; family: Misra
given: Gaurav; family: Such
given: Jose; family: Preibusch
given: Sören
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Privacy lies, Untruthful data, False Information, Privacy Protective Behaviors

Abstract: Individuals are known to lie and/or provide untruthful data when providing information online as a way to protect their privacy. Prior studies have attempted to explain when and why individuals lie online. However, no work has examined into how people lie or provide untruthful data online, i.e. the specific strategies they follow to provide untruthful data, or attempted to predict whether people would be truthful or not depending on the specific question/data. To close this gap, we present a large-scale study with over 800 participants. Based on it, we show that it is possible to predict whether users are truthful or not using machine learning with very high accuracy (89.7%). We also identify four main strategies people employ to provide untruthful data and show the factors that influence the choices of their strategies. We discuss the implications of findings and argue that understanding privacy lies at this level can help both users and data collectors.
Title: Privacy Norms for Smart Home Personal Assistants
Authors: family: Abdi
given: Noura; family: Zhan
given: Xiao; family: Ramokapane
given: Kopo M.; family: Such
given: Jose
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Voice Assistants, Privacy, Contextual Integrity, Norms, Google Assistant, AI Assistants, Smart Home Personal Assistants, Amazon Alexa

Abstract: Smart Home Personal Assistants (SPA) have a complex ecosystem that enables them to carry out various tasks on behalf of the user with just voice commands. SPA capabilities are continually growing, with over a hundred thousand third-party skills in Amazon Alexa, covering several categories, from tasks within the home (e.g. managing smart devices) to tasks beyond the boundaries of the home (e.g. purchasing online, booking a ride). In the SPA ecosystem, information flows through several entities including SPA providers, third-party skills providers, providers of Smart Devices, other users and external parties. Prior studies have not explored privacy norms in the SPA ecosystem, i.e., the acceptability of these information flows. In this paper, we study privacy norms in SPAs based on Contextual Integrity through a large-scale study with 1,738 participants. We also study the influence that the Contextual Integrity parameters and personal factors have on the privacy norms. Further, we identify the similarities in terms of the Contextual Integrity parameters of the privacy norms studied to distill more general privacy norms, which could be useful, for instance, to establish suitable privacy defaults in SPA. We finally provide recommendations for SPA and third-party skill providers based on the privacy norms studied.
Title: The Annoying, the Disturbing, and the Weird: Challenges with Phone Numbers as Identifiers and Phone Number Recycling
Authors: family: McDonald
given: Allison; family: Sugatan
given: Carlo; family: Guberek
given: Tamy; family: Schaub
given: Florian
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: phone numbers, security, Privacy, phone number recycling., user identification

Abstract: Phone numbers are intimately connected to our digital lives. People are increasingly required to disclose their phone number in digital spaces, both commercial and personal. While convenient for companies, the pervasive use of phone numbers as user identifiers also poses privacy, security, and access risks for individuals. In order to understand these risks, we present findings from a qualitative online elicitation study with 195 participants about their negative experiences with phone numbers, the consequences they faced, and how those consequences impacted their behavior. Our participants frequently reported experiencing phone number recycling, unwanted exposure, and temporary loss of access to a phone number. Resulting consequences they faced included harassment, account access problems, and privacy invasions. Based on our findings, we discuss service providers’ faulty assumptions in the use of phone numbers as user identifiers, problems arising from phone number recycling, and provide design and public policy recommendations for mitigating these issues with phone numbers.
Title: Tag a Teacher: A Qualitative Analysis of WhatsApp-Based Teacher Networks in Low-Income Indian Schools
Authors: family: Varanasi
given: Rama Adithya; family: Vashistha
given: Aditya; family: Dell
given: Nicola
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Education, cooperative work, HCI4D, whatsapp, ICTD, teacher development, teacher networks

Abstract: Although WhatsApp-based communication is playing an increasingly large role in the professional lives of teachers in low-income schools, the nature of the interactions that occur and how these interactions enable cooperative work are not well understood. We contribute a qualitative analysis of 26 existing WhatsApp groups (35,567 messages) that examines (1) the strategies used to encourage interaction within teacher-focused WhatsApp groups, and (2) how these interactions are sustained by teachers, management, and organizations over a period of time. We use teacher networks and activity awareness model to make sense of WhatsApp-based interactions and show how WhatsApp narrows the gap between management and teachers, leading to additional work and stress for teachers. WhatsApp was also used to circulate polarizing and malicious information, leading to a variety of interesting content moderation strategies. Our findings expand the scope of research on teacher networks to low-income contexts and will inform future interventions that enable cooperative work among teachers.
Title: Sustaining a Networked Community Resource: Findings from a Longitudinal Situated Display Deployment
Authors: family: Nicholson
given: Stuart Alan; family: Crivellaro
given: Clara; family: Clear
given: Adrian K; family: Jackson
given: Dan; family: Comber
given: Rob; family: Vlachokyriakos
given: Vasilis; family: Olivier
given: Patrick
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: community resource, rural community, pervasive displays, social inclusion

Abstract: Configuring community technology to ensure its sustainability has proved challenging. We present a 3-year longitudinal study and evaluation of two independent situated community display networks in rural contexts. We describe how the design of the display systems evolved to reflect the needs and desires of the community. We report on the way stakeholders’ perceptions of the displays changed over time, and examine the community dynamics involved in the administration, maintenance and moderation of the systems. Drawing from our findings, we further explore the role of the community champion and their impact on sustainability and scalability. We provide recommendations for the design of community network display technology that supports democratic inter-community politics and governance, and is sensitive to the hidden emotional labor and social resources that are required from communities to fully adopt and sustain display technology.