huashen218/convxai-cia-dataset huggingface dataset:
Title: Virtual Camera Layout Generation using a Reference Video
Authors: family: Yoo
given: Jung Eun; family: Seo
given: Kwanggyoon; family: Park
given: Sanghun; family: Kim
given: Jaedong; family: Lee
given: Dawon; family: Noh
given: Junyong
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Virtual Camera, Cinematography, Content Analysis

Abstract: We propose a method that generates a virtual camera layout of a 3D animation scene by following the cinematic intention of a reference video. From a reference video, cinematic features such as the start frame, end frame, framing, camera movement, and the visual features of the subjects are extracted automatically. The extracted information is used to generate the virtual camera layout, which resembles the camera layout of the reference video. Our method handles stylized as well as human characters with body proportions different from those of humans. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with various reference videos and 3D animation scenes. The user evaluation results show that the generated layouts are comparable to layouts created by the artist, allowing us to assert that our method can provide effective assistance to both novice and professional users when positioning a virtual camera.
Title: AdverTiming Matters: Examining User Ad Consumption for Effective Ad Allocations on Social Media
Authors: family: Saha
given: Koustuv; family: Liu
given: Yozen; family: Vincent
given: Nicholas; family: Chowdhury
given: Farhan Asif; family: Neves
given: Leonardo; family: Shah
given: Neil; family: Bos
given: Maarten W.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: ads, social media, Snapchat, causal-inference, momentary behaviors

Abstract: Showing ads delivers revenue for online content distributors, but ad exposure can compromise user experience and cause user fatigue and frustration. Correctly balancing ads with other content is imperative. Currently, ad allocation relies primarily on demographics and inferred user interests, which are treated as static features and can be privacy-intrusive. This paper uses person-centric and momentary context features to understand optimal ad-timing. In a quasi-experimental study on a three-month longitudinal dataset of 100K Snapchat users, we find ad timing influences ad effectiveness. We draw insights on the relationship between ad effectiveness and momentary behaviors such as duration, interactivity, and interaction diversity. We simulate ad reallocation, finding that our study-driven insights lead to greater value for the platform. This work advances our understanding of ad consumption and bears implications for designing responsible ad allocation systems, improving both user and platform outcomes. We discuss privacy-preserving components and ethical implications of our work.
Title: AI as Social Glue: Uncovering the Roles of Deep Generative AI during Social Music Composition
Authors: family: Suh
given: Minhyang (Mia); family: Youngblom
given: Emily; family: Terry
given: Michael; family: Cai
given: Carrie J
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: machine learning, human-AI co-creation, music composition

Abstract: Recent advances in deep generative neural networks have made it possible for artificial intelligence to actively collaborate with human beings in co-creating novel content (e.g. music, art). While substantial research focuses on (individual) human-AI collaborations, comparatively less research examines how AI can play a role in human-human collaborations during co-creation. In a qualitative lab study, we observed 30 participants (15 pairs) compose a musical phrase in pairs, both with and without AI. Our findings reveal that AI may play important roles in influencing human social dynamics during creativity, including: 1) implicitly seeding a common ground at the start of collaboration, 2) acting as a psychological safety net in creative risk-taking, 3) providing a force for group progress, 4) mitigating interpersonal stalling and friction, and 5) altering users’ collaborative and creative roles. This work contributes to the future of generative AI in social creativity by providing implications for how AI could enrich, impede, or alter creative social dynamics in the years to come.
Title: The Effects of Warmth and Competence Perceptions on Users' Choice of an AI System
Authors: family: Gilad
given: Zohar; family: Amir
given: Ofra; family: Levontin
given: Liat
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Competence, Warmth

Abstract: People increasingly rely on Artificial Intelligence (AI) based systems to aid decision-making in various domains and often face a choice between alternative systems. We explored the effects of users' perception of AI systems' warmth (perceived intent) and competence (perceived ability) on their choices. In a series of studies, we manipulated AI systems' warmth and competence levels. We show that, similar to the judgments of other people, there is often primacy for warmth over competence. Specifically, when faced with a choice between a high-competence system and a high-warmth system, more participants preferred the high-warmth system. Moreover, the precedence of warmth persisted even when the high-warmth system was overtly deficient in its competence compared to an alternative high competence-low warmth system. The current research proposes that it may be vital for AI systems designers to consider and communicate the system's warmth characteristics to its potential users.
Title: Design and Analysis of Intelligent Text Entry Systems with Function Structure Models and Envelope Analysis
Authors: family: Kristensson
given: Per Ola; family: Müllners
given: Thomas
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: computational interaction, engineering design, computational modeling, text entry design, predictive text entry

Abstract: Designing intelligent interactive text entry systems often relies on factors that are difficult to estimate or assess using traditional HCI design and evaluation methods. We introduce a complementary approach by adapting function structure models from engineering design. We extend their use by extracting controllable and uncontrollable parameters from function structure models and visualizing their impact using envelope analysis. Function structure models allow designers to understand a system in terms of its functions and flows between functions and decouple functions from function carriers. Envelope analysis allows the designer to further study how parameters affect variables of interest, for example, accuracy, keystroke savings and other dependent variables. We provide examples of function structure models and illustrate a complete envelope analysis by investigating a parameterized function structure model of predictive text entry. We discuss the implications of this design approach for both text entry system design and for critique of system contributions.
Title: Optimization-based User Support for Cinematographic Quadrotor Camera Target Framing
Authors: family: Gebhardt
given: Christoph; family: Hilliges
given: Otmar
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Aerial Videography, Computational Design, Quadrotor Camera Tools, Trajectory Optimization

Abstract: To create aesthetically pleasing aerial footage, the correct framing of camera targets is crucial. However, current quadrotor camera tools do not consider the 3D extent of actual camera targets in their optimization schemes and simply interpolate between keyframes when generating a trajectory. This can yield videos with aesthetically unpleasing target framing. In this paper, we propose a target framing algorithm that optimizes the quadrotor camera pose such that targets are positioned at desirable screen locations according to videographic compositional rules and entirely visible throughout a shot. Camera targets are identified using a semi-automatic pipeline which leverages a deep-learning-based visual saliency model. A large-scale perceptual study (N ≈ 500) shows that our method enables users to produce shots with a target framing that is closer to what they intended to create and more or as aesthetically pleasing than with the previous state of the art.
Title: Reward Seeking or Loss Aversion? Impact of Regulatory Focus Theory on Emotional Induction in Children and Their Behavior Towards a Social Robot
Authors: family: Elgarf
given: Maha; family: Calvo-Barajas
given: Natalia; family: Paiva
given: Ana; family: Castellano
given: Ginevra; family: Peters
given: Christopher
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: regulatory focus, social engagement, social robotics, human robot interaction, emotional induction

Abstract: According to psychology research, emotional induction has positive implications in many domains such as therapy and education. Our aim in this paper was to manipulate the Regulatory Focus Theory to assess its impact on the induction of regulatory focus related emotions in children in a pretend play scenario with a social robot. The Regulatory Focus Theory suggests that people follow one of two paradigms while attempting to achieve a goal; by seeking gains (promotion focus - associated with feelings of happiness) or by avoiding losses (prevention focus - associated with feelings of fear). We conducted a study with 69 school children in two different conditions (promotion vs. prevention). We succeeded in inducing happiness emotions in the promotion condition and found a resulting positive effect of the induction on children’s social engagement with the robot. We also discuss the important implications of these results in both educational and child robot interaction fields.
Title: Market, Testbed, Backroom: The Redacted Internet of Facebook’s Discover
Authors: family: Pei
given: Lucy; family: Olgado
given: Benedict Salazar; family: Crooks
given: Roderic
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Connectivity, access, document theory, political economy, the Philippines

Abstract: This paper uses document theory to analyze Discover, a partially free-to-use application developed by Facebook’s philanthropic initiative Connectivity and released in the Philippines in May 2020. Discover’s design is predicated on the conviction that access to valorized forms of technology—in this case, popular websites viewed via the Internet—promises benefits to marginalized users who are presumed to lack resources needed to fully participate in contemporary informational capitalism. Document theory in HCI provides a framework that allows us to analyze the most popular websites as rendered by Discover. We argue that Discover’s logic of redaction and form moderation reproduces the very structural inequality that access to the Internet frequently claims to ameliorate. We conclude by pointing to potential applications of our approach in research at the intersection of HCI, ICT4D, and political economy.
Title: Modeling Assumptions Clash with the Real World: Transparency, Equity, and Community Challenges for Student Assignment Algorithms
Authors: family: Robertson
given: Samantha; family: Nguyen
given: Tonya; family: Salehi
given: Niloufar
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: value sensitive design, mechanism design, student assignment

Abstract: Across the United States, a growing number of school districts are turning to matching algorithms to assign students to public schools. The designers of these algorithms aimed to promote values such as transparency, equity, and community in the process. However, school districts have encountered practical challenges in their deployment. In fact, San Francisco Unified School District voted to stop using and completely redesign their student assignment algorithm because it was frustrating for families and it was not promoting educational equity in practice. We analyze this system using a Value Sensitive Design approach and find that one reason values are not met in practice is that the system relies on modeling assumptions about families’ priorities, constraints, and goals that clash with the real world. These assumptions overlook the complex barriers to ideal participation that many families face, particularly because of socioeconomic inequalities. We argue that direct, ongoing engagement with stakeholders is central to aligning algorithmic values with real world conditions. In doing so we must broaden how we evaluate algorithms while recognizing the limitations of purely algorithmic solutions in addressing complex socio-political problems.
Title: Beyond Kant and Bentham: How Ethical Theories are being used in Artificial Moral Agents
Authors: family: Zoshak
given: John; family: Dew
given: Kristin
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Artificial Moral Agents, Additional Keywords and Phrases Ethics, Deontology, Philosophy, Consequentialism, Literature Survey, Confucianism, Virtue Ethics

Abstract: From robots to autonomous vehicles, the design of artificial moral agents (AMAs) is an area of growing interest to HCI, and rising concern for the implications of deploying moral machines raises questions about which ethical frameworks are being used in AMAs. We performed a literature review to identify and synthesize key themes in how ethical theories have been applied to AMAs. We reviewed 53 papers and performed a thematic analysis to describe and synthesize the current conversation across HCI. We found many describe the value of ethical theories and implement them as technical contributions, but very few conduct empirical studies in real settings. Furthermore, we found AMA development is dominated by two ethical theories: deontology and consequentialism. We argue that the focus on deontology and consequentialism risks creating AMAs based on a narrow set of Western ethical values and concepts at the expense of other forms of moral reasoning.
Title: Perspectives of Bioartists and Community Lab Organizers on Working with Living Organisms
Authors: family: Asgarali-Hoffman
given: S. Nisa; family: Hamidi
given: Foad
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: community science, Living organisms, bioart, DIYbio, transgenic art, biotechnology

Abstract: There is increasing interest within the HCI community about working with living organisms in the design of interactive systems. Bioartists and community lab participants have worked with living organisms for decades. Their motivations for doing so include artistic expression, design innovation, and activism. We interviewed 12 artists, community lab organizers, and researchers who work with or facilitate work with living organisms. Participants expressed perspectives on working with living organisms and described bioart as an effective practice for engaging and informing the public, fostering transdisciplinary collaborations, and facilitating inspiration and learning from organic processes. They also discussed questions of agency and consent, among other ethical issues in this context. Based on our findings, we present future directions to investigate the potential of hybrid living media interfaces to engage and educate human users, open up possibilities for transdisciplinary collaborations, and participate in ethical dialogues on emerging technologies in a new way.
Title: “Turning the Invisible Visible”: Transdisciplinary Bioart Explorations in Human-DNA Interaction
Authors: family: Hamidi
given: Foad; family: Stamato
given: Lydia; family: Scheifele
given: Lisa; family: Hammond
given: Rian Ciela Visscher; family: Asgarali-Hoffman
given: S. Nisa
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: bioart, synthetic biology, community science, biotechnology, Living organisms, transgenic art, DIYbio

Abstract: Hybrid interactive systems that combine living and digital components can engage, educate, and inform users, and are of growing interest in the HCI community. Advances in synthetic biology are transforming what is possible to do with these living media interfaces (LMIs). Bioart is a practice in which artists, often using synthetic biology methods, work with living organisms to creatively explore the human relationship with nonhuman organisms. We present results from an interview study with expert bioartists as well as our hands-on experience in a bioart project where we created poetry-infused wine by encoding and inserting a Persian Sufi poem into the DNA sequence of living yeast cells. We find that engaging in bioart practice generates transdisciplinary fluency with implications for access and activism and our understanding of the qualities of living media. We further explore the qualitative aspects of interacting directly with DNA and implications for sustainable futures.
Title: Studying the Formation of an Older Adult-Led Makerspace
Authors: family: Lazar
given: Amanda; family: Pradhan
given: Alisha; family: Jelen
given: Ben; family: A. Siek
given: Katie; family: Leitch
given: Alex
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Maker, Values, Older Adults, Aging, Community, DIY, Makerspaces

Abstract: Makerspaces are being introduced in a wide variety of settings, including community settings such as schools and libraries. Older adults are one group for whom making agendas are being pursued, with envisioned outcomes such as supporting agency and well-being. However, research on making and DIY with older adults typically study individuals who are already engaged in making practices or bring individuals in to a technology environment that has already been created. In this paper, we study the older adult-driven formation of a makerspace in an independent living community. Through an ethnographically-informed approach, we studied the ways that individuals considered appropriate allocation of resources towards a makerspace, scoped activities, evaluated goals, and made trade-offs. Our analysis is centered around describing the way that this makerspace formed as well as three ways that individuals made sense of the makerspace as the planning unfolded: the openness of a space that promises to cater to interests of the population; the promise of a makerspace to involve more residents in technology, but the need to obscure the technology to make it appealing; and a valuation of the return on investment for limited financial and space resources. Our discussion contributes to supporting and studying early adoption of technology by older adults, complicates visions of “making for all,” and presents considerations regarding the often under-specified community of a makerspace.
Title: Tools, Tricks, and Hacks: Exploring Novel Digital Fabrication Workflows on #PlotterTwitter
Authors: family: Twigg-Smith
given: Hannah; family: O'Leary
given: Jasper Tran; family: Peek
given: Nadya
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: fabrication, maker culture

Abstract: As digital fabrication machines become widespread, online communities have provided space for diverse practitioners to share their work, troubleshoot, and socialize. These communities pioneer increasingly novel fabrication workflows, and it is critical that we understand and conceptualize these workflows beyond traditional manufacturing models. To this end, we conduct a qualitative study of #PlotterTwitter, an online community developing custom hardware and software tools to create artwork with computer-controlled drawing machines known as plotters. We documented and analyzed emergent themes where the traditional interpretation of digital fabrication workflows fails to capture important nuances and nascent directions. We find that #PlotterTwitter makers champion creative exploration of interwoven digital and physical materials over a predictable series of steps. We discuss how this challenges long-running views of digital fabrication and propose design implications for future frameworks and toolkits to account for this breadth of practice.
Title: Techniques of Use: Confronting Value Systems of Productivity, Progress, and Usefulness in Computing and Design
Authors: family: Lin
given: Cindy; family: Margot Lindtner
given: Silvia
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: paternalism, racism, violence, exploitation, labor, usefulness, injustice, productivity, progress, colonialism, genealogy

Abstract: This paper turns to one of HCI's central value systems, i.e. its commitments to usefulness and the ideal that technology enables social progress, productivity, and excellence. Specifically, we examine how the seemingly “positive” ideal to make technology “useful” – i.e. to build systems and devices that advance social and technological progress – masks various forms of violence and injustice such as colonial othering, racist exclusions, and exploitation. Drawing from ethnographic research, we show how design and computing methods from design thinking to agile theory and entrepreneurial approaches in tech production and higher education are the latest techniques in the cultivation of useful bodies on behalf of the state, the corporation, the university, and the economy. Aligning with feminist, critical race and critical computing commitments, this paper offers a genealogical approach to show how injustice and violence endure, despite and because of a narrative of progress and positive change.
Title: Biographies of Biometric Devices: The POS Machine at Work in India's PDS
Authors: family: Mudliar
given: Preeti
Venue: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: Biometrics, Infrastructure, Food security, Aadhaar

Abstract: The centrality of the biometric point of sale (POS) machine in the administration of food security in Indian's public distribution system (PDS) invites scrutiny for its primacy as a non-negotiable artifact in the monthly PDS process. In this paper, I critically examine how the POS machine emerges as a site for varying imaginaries of a technologically-mediated welfare system for the three primary stakeholders of the PDS, consisting of the beneficiaries, dealers, and state administrators. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, the paper traces the histories of interaction and portraitures that the three stakeholders bring to their description and interpretation of the POS machine. It shows that an active POS machine provokes the stakeholders in the PDS to view it as an artifact that invites engagement on practical, moral, and knowledge dimensions. The varying ‘biographies’ that stakeholders narrate of the POS machine, collectively reveal the design, disposition, and functioning of a social justice infrastructure that rests on the compulsions of biometric technologies to improve inclusion and deter corruption in welfare delivery.