huashen218/convxai-cia-dataset huggingface dataset:
Title: On Visual Granularity: Collocated Sales Meeting Interactions in the Machine Industry
Authors: family: Illi
given: Mikko; family: Karyda
given: Maria; family: Lucero
given: Andrés
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: conversation analysis, collocated interaction, visual representations, ethnomethodology, granularity

Abstract: Visual representations are being used in typical sales meetings of the machine industry to exchange information and support social interactions. In these meetings, sales representatives design for granularity by taking into account verbal and visual details of communication. Our article builds on increasingly occurring collocated interactions in sales meetings investigating the social relevance of mobile devices in face-to-face settings. The article aims to understand the supporting and disturbing role of visual granularity in sales meetings and develops design implications for interaction designers. We conducted an ethnographic study of sales meetings in material handling and paper machine industries, including Conversation Analysis (CA) of video recordings, and involving groups of professional analysts that are seldom used in HCI. Our findings draw evidence from sales meetings and design processes on successful and unsuccessful use of granularity in visual representations. Finally, we propose seven design guidelines for visual granularity striving to understand buyers' perceptions and visual qualities.
Title: Distance and Attraction: Gravity Models for Geographic Content Production
Authors: family: Thebault-Spieker
given: Jacob; family: Halfaker
given: Aaron; family: Terveen
given: Loren G.; family: Hecht
given: Brent
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: volunteered geographic information (vgi), gravity models, openstreetmap, ebird, geographic hci, wikipedia, spatial interaction models

Abstract: Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), such as contributions to OpenStreetMap and geotagged Wikipedia articles, is often assumed to be produced locally. However, recent work has found that peer-produced VGI is frequently contributed by non-locals. We evaluate this approach across hundreds of content types from Wikipedia, OpenStreetMap, and eBird, and show that these models can describe more than 90% of "VGI flows" for some content types. Our findings advance geographic HCI theory, suggesting some spatial mechanisms underpinning VGI production. We also discuss design implications that can help (a) human and algorithmic consumers of VGI evaluate the perspectives it contains and (b) address geographic coverage variations in these platforms (e.g. via more effective volunteer recruitment strategies).
Title: MatchSticks: Woodworking through Improvisational Digital Fabrication
Authors: family: Tian
given: Rundong; family: Sterman
given: Sarah; family: Chiou
given: Ethan; family: Warner
given: Jeremy; family: Paulos
given: Eric
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: woodworking, prototyping, fabrication

Abstract: Digital fabrication tools have broadened participation in making and enabled new methods of rapid physical prototyping across diverse materials. We present a novel smart tool designed to complement one of the first materials employed by humans - wood - and celebrate the fabrication practice of joinery. Our tool, MatchSticks, is a digital fabrication system tailored for joinery. Combining a portable CNC machine, touchscreen user interface, and parametric joint library, MatchSticks enables makers of varying skill to rapidly explore and create artifacts from wood. Our system embodies tacit woodworking knowledge and distills the distributed workflow of CNC tools into a hand tool; it operates on materials existing machines find difficult, produces assemblies much larger than its workspace, and supports the parallel creation of geometries. We describe the workflow and technical details of our system, present example artifacts produced by our tool, and report results from our user study.
Title: Visuo-Haptic Illusions for Improving the Perceived Performance of Shape Displays
Authors: family: Abtahi
given: Parastoo; family: Follmer
given: Sean
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: virtual reality, shape displays, haptics, illusion, perception

Abstract: In this work, we utilize visuo-haptic illusions to improve the perceived performance of encountered-type haptic devices, specifically shape displays, in virtual reality. Shape displays are matrices of actuated pins that travel vertically to render physical shapes; however, they have limitations such as low resolution, small display size, and low pin speed. To address these limitations, we employ illusions such as redirection, scaling, and retargeting that take advantage of the visual dominance effect, the idea that vision often dominates when senses conflict. Our evaluation of these techniques suggests that redirecting sloped lines with angles less than 40 degrees onto a horizontal line is an effective technique for increasing the perceived resolution of the display. Scaling up the virtual object onto the shape display by a factor less than 1.8x can also increase the perceived resolution. Finally, using vertical redirection a perceived 3x speed increase can be achieved.
Title: A Schnittmuster for Crafting Context-Sensitive Toolkits
Authors: family: Meissner
given: Janis Lena; family: Strohmayer
given: Angelika; family: Wright
given: Peter; family: Fitzpatrick
given: Geraldine
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: diy, toolkits, social justice, making, empowerment

Abstract: DIY-making can be an expensive pastime if makers are relying on ready-made toolkits, specialised materials and off-shelf components. Many prefabricated commercial kits seek to lower the learning barrier of making and to help beginners to successfully take their first steps in engineering. However, as soon as the novices become a little more advanced, these toolkits often do not fit the specific requirements of personal maker projects anymore. We introduce the idea of a Schnittmuster (or a meta-toolkit) as a novel approach to toolkit design that seeks to address these creativity-limiting factors as well as practical entrance hurdles. To demonstrate the adaptive power of the Schnittmuster concept, we discuss an exemplar in the context of capacitive touch sensing (FlexE-Touch). Implemented under the constraints of materials, user skill sets and making environments, we illustrate how the Schnittmuster facilitated four cheap and flexible toolkit instantiations for crafting custom touch sensor electrodes.
Title: Repurposing Emoji for Personalised Communication: Why 🍕 means “I love you”
Authors: family: Wiseman
given: Sarah; family: Gould
given: Sandy J. J.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: emoji, computer mediated communication, personalisation, digital intimacy

Abstract: The use of emoji in digital communication can convey a wealth of emotions and concepts that otherwise would take many words to express. Emoji have become a popular form of communication, with researchers claiming emoji represent a type of "ubiquitous language" that can span different languages. In this paper however, we explore how emoji are also used in highly personalised and purposefully secretive ways. We show that emoji are repurposed for something other than their "intended" use between close partners, family members and friends. We present the range of reasons why certain emoji get chosen, including the concept of "emoji affordance" and explore why repurposing occurs. Normally used for speed, some emoji are instead used to convey intimate and personal sentiments that, for many reasons, their users cannot express in words. We discuss how this form of repurposing must be considered in tasks such as emoji-based sentiment analysis.
Title: More Stars or More Reviews?
Authors: family: Qiu
given: Will; family: Parigi
given: Palo; family: Abrahao
given: Bruno
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: airbnb, trust, sharing economy, reputation and rating systems

Abstract: The large majority of reputation systems use features such as star ratings and reviews to give users a reputation in online peer-to-peer markets. Both have been shown to be effective for signaling trustworthiness. However, the exact extent to which these features can change perceptions of users' trustworthiness remains an open question. Using data from an online experiment conducted on Airbnb users, we investigate which of the two types of reputation information --average star rating or the number of reviews --is more important for signaling a user's trustworthiness. We find that the relative effectiveness of ratings and reviews differ depending on whether reputation has a strong or a weak differentiation power. Our findings show that reputation effects are contingent on and susceptible to the context created by the alternative choices presented to users, highlighting how reputation information is displayed can drastically alter their efficacy for engendering trust.
Title: Self-Reflection and Personal Physicalization Construction
Authors: family: Thudt
given: Alice; family: Hinrichs
given: Uta; family: Huron
given: Samuel; family: Carpendale
given: Sheelagh
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: self-reflection, personal data, constructive visualization

Abstract: Self-reflection is a central goal of personal informatics systems, and constructing visualizations from physical tokens has been found to help people reflect on data. However, so far, constructive physicalization has only been studied in lab environments with provided datasets. Our qualitative study investigates the construction of personal physicalizations in people's domestic environments over 2-4 weeks. It contributes an understanding of (1) the process of creating personal physicalizations, (2) the types of personal insights facilitated, (3) the integration of self-reflection in the physicalization process, and (4) its benefits and challenges for self-reflection. We found that in constructive personal physicalization, data collection, construction and self-reflections are deeply intertwined. This extends previous models of visualization creation and data-driven self-reflection. We outline how benefits such as reflection through manual construction, personalization, and presence in everyday life can be transferred to a wider set of digital and physical systems.
Title: G2G: The Design and Evaluation of a Shared Calendar and Messaging System for Grandparents and Grandchildren
Authors: family: Forghani
given: Azadeh; family: Neustaedter
given: Carman; family: Vu
given: Manh C.; family: Judge
given: Tejinder K.; family: Antle
given: Alissa N.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: video, calendaring, grandchildren, grandparents, asynchronous communication, family communication

Abstract: Distance separated grandparents and grandchildren often face challenges in staying connected. To explore this topic, we designed G2G, a shared calendar and video messaging system to connect young children (ages 5-10) with their grandparents over distance. Our design focused on providing grandparents and grandchildren with an awareness of each other's lives to support conversations and design elements to help reduce the need for parent scaffolding. A field study with two grandparent-grandchild pairs over two months showed that systems designed around structured communication can help young children develop a routine around staying in touch with their remote grandparents. Autonomy in maintaining awareness can help children to be engaged more easily. This suggests that designs focusing on connecting young children to their grandparents over distance should be flexible yet structured and designing to reduce parental scaffolding can lead to positive effects and strengthened relationships.
Title: Playing Close to Home: Interaction and Emerging Play in Outdoor Play Installations
Authors: family: Back
given: Jon; family: Turmo Vidal
given: Laia; family: Waern
given: Annika; family: Paget
given: Susan; family: Sallnäs Pysander
given: Eva-Lotta
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: landscape architecture, playing close to home, landscape, playgrounds, digitally enhanced playground, play

Abstract: Outdoor play is becoming an increasingly marginalised activity in the urban landscape. Even in HCI, research on interactive solutions for outdoor play has largely been limited to special areas and in particular playgrounds. But children play everywhere, and especially play close to home is central in children's play activities. In this article we draw upon knowledge about designing for children's play in interaction design as well as in landscape architecture, to study how interactive play installations can be integrated in outdoor environments of a residential area. We present a field study in which digitally enhanced play installations were installed, in dialogue with the landscape, in between the buildings of a residential area. We focus on how emerging play activities made use of the installations as well as of the surrounding landscape in expected as well as unexpected ways. Based on the observations, we discuss how residential play is special, and how this affects how to design for it.
Title: CFar: A Tool to Increase Communication, Productivity, and Review Quality in Collaborative Code Reviews
Authors: family: Henley
given: Austin Z.; family: Muçlu
given: Kıvanç; family: Christakis
given: Maria; family: Fleming
given: Scott D.; family: Bird
given: Christian
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: code review, programming environments, collaborative design

Abstract: Collaborative code review has become an integral part of the collaborative design process in the domain of software development. However, there are well-documented challenges and limitations to collaborative code review---for instance, high-quality code reviews may require significant time and effort for the programmers, whereas faster, lower-quality reviews may miss code defects. To address these challenges, we introduce CFar, a novel tool design for extending collaborative code review systems with an automated code reviewer whose feedback is based on program-analysis technologies. To validate this design, we implemented CFar as a production-quality tool and conducted a mixed-method empirical evaluation of the tool usage at Microsoft. Through the field deployment of our tool and a laboratory study of professional programmers using the tool, we produced several key findings showing that CFar enhances communication, productivity, and review quality in human--human collaborative code review.
Title: Announcing Pregnancy Loss on Facebook: A Decision-Making Framework for Stigmatized Disclosures on Identified Social Network Sites
Authors: family: Andalibi
given: Nazanin; family: Forte
given: Andrea
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: miscarriage, preventive disclosure, reproductive health, pregnancy loss, facebook, social support, women's health, network-level reciprocal disclosure, prenatal, awareness campaign, pregnancy and i, grief, self-disclosure, stigma, social media, stillbirth

Abstract: Pregnancy loss is a common experience that is often not disclosed in spite of potential disclosure benefits such as social support. To understand how and why people disclose pregnancy loss online, we interviewed 27 women in the U.S. who are social media users and had recently experienced pregnancy loss. We developed a decision-making framework explaining pregnancy loss disclosures on identified social network sites (SNS) such as Facebook. We introduce network-level reciprocal disclosure, a theory of how disclosure reciprocity, usually applied to understand dyadic exchanges, can operate at the level of a social network to inform decision-making about stigmatized disclosures in identified SNSs. We find that 1) anonymous disclosures on other sites help facilitate disclosure on identified sites (e.g., Facebook), and 2) awareness campaigns enable sharing about pregnancy loss for many who would not disclose otherwise. Finally, we discuss conceptual and design implications. CAUTION: This paper includes quotes about pregnancy loss.
Title: Conceptualizing Disagreement in Qualitative Coding
Authors: family: Zade
given: Himanshu; family: Drouhard
given: Margaret; family: Chinh
given: Bonnie; family: Gan
given: Lu; family: Aragon
given: Cecilia
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: qualitative coding, ambiguity, theory, disagreement

Abstract: Collaborative qualitative coding often involves coders assign- ing different labels to the same instance, leading to ambiguity. We refer to such an instance of ambiguity as disagreement in coding. Analyzing reasons for such a disagreement is essential-- both for purposes of bolstering user understanding gained from coding and reinterpreting the data collaboratively, and for negotiating user-assigned labels for building effective machine learning models. We propose a conceptual definition of collective disagreement using diversity and divergence within the coding distributions. This perspective of disagreement translates to diverse coding contexts and groups of coders irrespective of discipline. We introduce two tree-based ranking metrics as standardized ways of comparing disagreements in how data instances have been coded. We empirically validate that, of the two tree-based metrics, coders' perceptions of dis- agreement match more closely with the n-ary tree metric than with the post-traversal tree metric.
Title: Intermodulation: Improvisation and Collaborative Art Practice for HCI
Authors: family: Kang
given: Laewoo (Leo); family: Jackson
given: Steven J.; family: Sengers
given: Phoebe
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: creativity, art practice, improvisation, collaboration

Abstract: This paper integrates theory, ethnography, and collaborative artwork to explore improvisational activity as both topic and tool of multidisciplinary HCI inquiry. Building on theories of improvisation drawn from art, music, HCI and social science, and two ethnographic studies based on interviews, participant observation and collaborative art practice, we seek to elucidate the improvisational nature of practice in both art and ordinary action, including human-computer interaction. We identify five key features of improvisational action -- reflexivity, transgression, tension, listening, and interdependence -- and show how these can deepen and extend both linear and open-ended methodologies in HCI and design. We conclude by highlighting collaborative engagement based on 'intermodulation' as a tool of multidisciplinary inquiry for HCI research and design.
Title: Medley: A Library of Embeddables to Explore Rich Material Properties for 3D Printed Objects
Authors: family: Chen
given: Xiang 'Anthony'; family: Coros
given: Stelian; family: Hudson
given: Scott E.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: multi-material printing, embeddables, fabrication

Abstract: In our everyday life, we interact with and benefit from objects with a wide range of material properties. In contrast, personal fabrication machines (e.g., desktop 3D printers) currently only support a much smaller set of materials. Our goal is to close the gap between current limitations and the future of multi-material printing by enabling people to explore the reuse of material from everyday objects into their custom designs. To achieve this, we develop a library of embeddables--everyday objects that can be cut, worked and embedded into 3D printable designs. We describe a design space that characterizes the geometric and material properties of embeddables. We then develop Medley---a design tool whereby users can import a 3D model, search for embeddables with desired material properties, and interactively edit and integrate their geometry to fit into the original design. Medley also supports the final fabrication and embedding process, including instructions for carving or cutting the objects, and generating optimal paths for inserting embeddables. To validate the expressiveness of our library, we showcase numerous examples augmented by embeddables that go beyond the objects' original printed materials.
Title: GeoCoin: Supporting Ideation and Collaborative Design with Smart Contracts
Authors: family: Nissen
given: Bettina; family: Pschetz
given: Larissa; family: Murray-Rust
given: Dave; family: Mehrpouya
given: Hadi; family: Oosthuizen
given: Shaune; family: Speed
given: Chris
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: smart city, distributed ledgers, smart contracts, geofencing, design and ideation

Abstract: Design and HCI researchers are increasingly working with complex digital infrastructures, such as cryptocurrencies, distributed ledgers and smart contracts. These technologies will have a profound impact on digital systems and their audiences. However, given their emergent nature and technical complexity, involving non-specialists in the design of applications that employ these technologies is challenging. In this paper, we discuss these challenges and present GeoCoin, a location-based platform for embodied learning and speculative ideating with smart contracts. In collaborative workshops with GeoCoin, participants engaged with location-based smart contracts, using the platform to explore digital 'debit' and 'credit' zones in the city. These exercises led to the design of diverse distributed-ledger applications, for time-limited financial unions, participatory budgeting, and humanitarian aid. These results contribute to the HCI community by demonstrating how an experiential prototype can support understanding of the complexities behind new digital infrastructures and facilitate participant engagement in ideation and design processes.
Title: Evaluating Attack and Defense Strategies for Smartphone PIN Shoulder Surfing
Authors: family: Khan
given: Hassan; family: Hengartner
given: Urs; family: Vogel
given: Daniel
Venue: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: authentication, shoulder surfing, mobile devices

Abstract: We evaluate the efficacy of shoulder surfing defenses for PIN-based authentication systems. We find tilting the device away from the observer, a widely adopted defense strategy, provides limited protection. We also evaluate a recently proposed defense incorporating an "invisible pressure component" into PIN entry. Contrary to earlier claims, our results show this provides little defense against malicious insider attacks. Observations during the study uncover successful attacker strategies for reconstructing a victim's PIN when faced with a tilt defense. Our evaluations identify common misconceptions regarding shoulder surfing defenses, and highlight the need to educate users on how to safeguard their credentials from these attacks.