huashen218/convxai-cia-dataset huggingface dataset:
Title: "It Broadens My Mind": Empowering People with Cognitive Disabilities through Computing Education
Authors: family: Koushik
given: Varsha; family: Kane
given: Shaun K.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: computer science education, cognitive disability, accessibility

Abstract: Computer science education is widely viewed as a path to empowerment for young people, potentially leading to higher education, careers, and development of computational thinking skills. However, few resources exist for people with cognitive disabilities to learn computer science. In this paper, we document our observations of a successful program in which young adults with cognitive disabilities are trained in computing concepts. Through field observations and interviews, we identify instructional strategies used by this group, accessibility challenges encountered by this group, and how instructors and students leverage peer learning to support technical education. Our findings lead to guidelines for developing tools and curricula to support young adults with cognitive disabilities in learning computer science.
Title: Should I Agree? Delegating Consent Decisions Beyond the Individual
Authors: family: Nissen
given: Bettina; family: Neumann
given: Victoria; family: Mikusz
given: Mateusz; family: Gianni
given: Rory; family: Clinch
given: Sarah; family: Speed
given: Chris; family: Davies
given: Nigel
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: design, privacy, technology probe, permission management, delegation, consent

Abstract: Obtaining meaningful user consent is increasingly problematic in a world of numerous, heterogeneous digital services. Current approaches (e.g. agreeing to Terms and Conditions) are rooted in the idea of individual control despite growing evidence that users do not (or cannot) exercise such control in informed ways. We consider an alternative approach whereby users can opt to delegate consent decisions to an ecosystem of third-parties including friends, experts, groups and AI entities. We present the results of a study that used a technology probe at a large festival to explore initial public responses to this reframing -- focusing on when and to whom users would delegate such decisions. The results reveal substantial public interest in delegating consent and identify differing preferences depending on the privacy context, highlighting the need for alternative decision mechanisms beyond the current focus on individual choice.
Title: Design and Evaluation of a Social Media Writing Support Tool for People with Dyslexia
Authors: family: Wu
given: Shaomei; family: Reynolds
given: Lindsay; family: Li
given: Xian; family: Guzmán
given: Francisco
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: social media, dyslexia, accessibility, artificial intelligence

Abstract: People with dyslexia face challenges expressing themselves in writing on social networking sites (SNSs). Such challenges come from not only the technicality of writing, but also the self-representation aspect of sharing and communicating publicly on social networking sites such as Facebook. To empower people with dyslexia-style writing to express them-selves more confidently on SNSs, we designed and implemented Additional Writing Help(AWH) - a writing assistance tool to proofread text produced by users with dyslexia before they post on Facebook. AWH was powered by a neural machine translation (NMT) model that translates dyslexia style to non-dyslexia style writing. We evaluated the performance and the design of AWH through a week-long field study with 19 people with dyslexia and received highly positive feedback. Our field study demonstrated the value of providing better and more extensive writing support on SNSs, and the potential of AI for building a more inclusive Internet.
Title: VIPBoard: Improving Screen-Reader Keyboard for Visually Impaired People with Character-Level Auto Correction
Authors: family: Shi
given: Weinan; family: Yu
given: Chun; family: Fan
given: Shuyi; family: Wang
given: Feng; family: Wang
given: Tong; family: Yi
given: Xin; family: Bi
given: Xiaojun; family: Shi
given: Yuanchun
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: visually impaired, smartphone, text entry, auto-correction

Abstract: Modern touchscreen keyboards are all powered by the word-level auto-correction ability to handle input errors. Unfortunately, visually impaired users are deprived of such benefit because a screen-reader keyboard offers only character-level input and provides no correction ability. In this paper, we present VIPBoard, a smart keyboard for visually impaired people, which aims at improving the underlying keyboard algorithm without altering the current input interaction. Upon each tap, VIPBoard predicts the probability of each key considering both touch location and language model, and reads the most likely key, which saves the calibration time when the touchdown point misses the target key. Meanwhile, the keyboard layout automatically scales according to users' touch point location, which enables them to select other keys easily. A user study shows that compared with the current keyboard technique, VIPBoard can reduce touch error rate by 63.0% and increase text entry speed by 12.6%.
Title: Put Your Warning Where Your Link Is: Improving and Evaluating Email Phishing Warnings
Authors: family: Petelka
given: Justin; family: Zou
given: Yixin; family: Schaub
given: Florian
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: usability, warning design, phishing, privacy, security

Abstract: Phishing emails often disguise a link's actual URL. Thus, common anti-phishing advice is to check a link's URL before clicking, but email clients do not support this well. Automated phishing detection enables email clients to warn users that an email is suspicious, but current warnings are often not specific. We evaluated the effects on phishing susceptibility of (1) moving phishing warnings close to the suspicious link in the email, (2) displaying the warning on hover interactions with the link, and (3) forcing attention to the warning by deactivating the original link, forcing users to click the URL in the warning. We assessed the effectiveness of such link-focused phishing warning designs in a between-subjects online experiment (n=701). We found that link-focused phishing warnings reduced phishing click-through rates compared to email banner warnings; forced attention warnings were most effective. We discuss the implications of our findings for phishing warning design.
Title: Encoding Materials and Data for Iterative Personalization
Authors: family: Nachtigall
given: Troy; family: Tomico
given: Oscar; family: Wakkary
given: Ron; family: van Dongen
given: Pauline
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: data & material relationship, shoe design, iterative design, programmable materials, personalization

Abstract: Data is changing how we design consumer products. Shoe production is a prime example of this; foot size, footstep pressure and personal preferences can be used to design personalized shoes. Research done around metamaterials, programming materials and computational composites illustrate the possibilities of creating complex data & material relationships. These new relationships allow us to look at future products almost like software apps, becoming a kind of product service systems, where the focus is on its iterative personalization improvement over time. Can we create systems of such data driven objects that in turn allow us to design new objects that are informed by the data trail? In this paper we report on four RtD project iterations that explore this challenge and provide a set of insights on how to close this new iterative loop.
Title: Automation Accuracy Is Good, but High Controllability May Be Better
Authors: family: Roy
given: Quentin; family: Zhang
given: Futian; family: Vogel
given: Daniel
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: automation, accuracy, controllability, controlled experiment

Abstract: When automating tasks using some form of artificial intelligence, some inaccuracy in the result is virtually unavoidable. In many cases, the user must decide whether to try the automated method again, or fix it themselves using the available user interface. We argue this decision is influenced by both perceived automation accuracy and degree of task "controllability" (how easily and to what extent an automated result can be manually modified). This relationship between accuracy and controllability is investigated in a 750-participant crowdsourced experiment using a controlled, gamified task. With high controllability, self-reported satisfaction remained constant even under very low accuracy conditions, and overall, a strong preference was observed for using manual control rather than automation, despite much slower performance and regardless of very poor controllability.
Title: Gehna: Exploring the Design Space of Jewelry as an Input Modality
Authors: family: Arora
given: Jatin; family: Mathur
given: Kartik; family: Saini
given: Aryan; family: Parnami
given: Aman
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: interaction design, wearable-based input, jewelry

Abstract: Jewelry weaves into our everyday lives as no other wearable does. It comes in many wearable forms, is fashionable, and can adorn any part of the body. In this paper, through an exploratory, Research through Design (RtD) process, we tap into this vast potential space of input interaction that jewelry can enable. We do so by first identifying a small set of fundamental structural elements --- called Jewelements --- that any jewelry is composed of, and then defining their properties that enable the interaction. We leverage this synthesis along with observational data and literature to formulate a design space of jewelry-enabled input techniques. This work encapsulates both the extensions of common existing input methods (e.g., touch) as well as new ones inspired by jewelry. Furthermore, we discuss our prototypical sensor-based implementations. Through this work, we invite the community to engage in the conversation on how jewelry as a material can help shape wearable-based input.
Title: I'm a Giant: Walking in Large Virtual Environments at High Speed Gains
Authors: family: Abtahi
given: Parastoo; family: Gonzalez-Franco
given: Mar; family: Ofek
given: Eyal; family: Steed
given: Anthony
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: walking speed, seven-league boots, world in miniuature, locomotion, virtual reality, body scale, translationalgain

Abstract: Advances in tracking technology and wireless headsets enable walking as a means of locomotion in Virtual Reality. When exploring virtual environments larger than room-scale, it is often desirable to increase users' perceived walking speed, for which we investigate three methods. (1) Ground-Level Scaling increases users' avatar size, allowing them to walk farther. (2) Eye-Level Scaling enables users to walk through a World in Miniature, while maintaining a street-level view. (3) Seven-League Boots amplifies users' movements along their walking path. We conduct a study comparing these methods and find that users feel most embodied using Ground-Level Scaling and consequently increase their stride length. Using Seven-League Boots, unlike the other two methods, diminishes positional accuracy at high gains, and users modify their walking behavior to compensate for the lack of control. We conclude with a discussion on each technique's strength and weaknesses and the types of situation they might be appropriate for.
Title: Understanding the Impact of Information Representation on Willingness to Share Information
Authors: family: Schneegass
given: Stefan; family: Poguntke
given: Romina; family: Machulla
given: Tonja
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: privacy, sensors, sharing data

Abstract: Since the release of the first activity tracker, there has been a steady increase in the number of sensors embedded in wearable devices and with it in the amount and diversity of information that can be derived from these sensors. This development leads to novel privacy threats for users. In a web survey with 248 participants, we explored whether users' willingness to share private data is dependent on how the data is requested by an application. Specifically, requests can be formulated as access to sensor data or as access to information derived from the sensor data (e.g., accelerometer vs. sleep quality). We show that non-expert users lack an understanding of how the two representation levels relate to each other. The results suggest that the willingness to share sensor data over derived information is governed by whether the derived information has positive or negative connotations (e.g., training intensity vs. life expectancy). Using the results of the survey, we derive implications for supporting users in protecting their private data collected via wearable sensors.
Title: The Impact of Web Browser Reader Views on Reading Speed and User Experience
Authors: family: Li
given: Qisheng; family: Morris
given: Meredith Ringel; family: Fourney
given: Adam; family: Larson
given: Kevin; family: Reinecke
given: Katharina
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: dyslexia, reader view, website design, online reading

Abstract: As reading increasingly shifts from paper to online media, many web browsers now provide a "Reader View,'' which modifies web page layout and design for better readability. However, research has yet to establish whether Reader Views are effective in improving readability and how they might change the user experience. We characterize how Mozilla Firefox's Reader View significantly reduces the visual complexity of websites by excluding menus, images, and content. We then conducted an online study with 391 participants (including 42 who self-reported having been diagnosed with dyslexia), showing that compared to standard websites the Reader View increased reading speed by 5% for readers on average, and significantly improved perceived readability and visual appeal. We suggest guidelines for the design of websites and browsers that better support people with varying reading skills.
Title: Does Being Verified Make You More Credible? Account Verification's Effect on Tweet Credibility
Authors: family: Vaidya
given: Tavish; family: Votipka
given: Daniel; family: Mazurek
given: Michelle L.; family: Sherr
given: Micah
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: twitter, authentication, trust, credibility, social media

Abstract: Many popular social networking and microblogging sites support verified accounts---user accounts that are deemed of public interest and whose owners have been authenticated by the site. Importantly, the content of messages contributed by verified account owners is not verified. Such messages may be factually correct, or not. This paper investigates whether users confuse authenticity with credibility by posing the question: Are users more likely to believe content from verified accounts than from non-verified accounts? We conduct two online studies, a year apart, with 748 and 2041 participants respectively, to assess how the presence or absence of verified account indicators influences users' perceptions of tweets. Surprisingly, across both studies, we find that---in the context of unfamiliar accounts---most users can effectively distinguish between authenticity and credibility. The presence or absence of an authenticity indicator has no significant effect on willingness to share a tweet or take action based on its contents.
Title: Does Who Matter? Studying the Impact of Relationship Characteristics on Receptivity to Mobile IM Messages
Authors: family: Lee
given: Hao-Ping; family: Chen
given: Kuan-Yin; family: Lin
given: Chih-Heng; family: Chen
given: Chia-Yu; family: Chung
given: Yu-Lin; family: Chang
given: Yung-Ju; family: Sun
given: Chien-Ru
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: relationships, mobile receptivity, interruptibility, esm, mobile notifications, opportune moment

Abstract: This study examines the characteristics of mobile instant-messaging users' relationships with their social contacts and the effects of both relationship and interruption context on four measures of receptivity: Attentiveness, Responsiveness, Interruptibility, and Opportuneness. Overall, interruption context overshadows relationship characteristics as predictors of all four of these facets of receptivity; this overshadowing was most acute for Interruptibility and Opportuneness, but existed for all factors. In addition, while Mobile Maintenance Expectation and Activity Engagement were negatively correlated with all receptivity measures, each such measure had its own set of predictors, highlighting the conceptual differences among the measures. Finally, delving more deeply into potential relationship effects, we found that a single, simple closeness question was as effective at predicting receptivity as the 12-item Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale.
Title: Poirot: A Web Inspector for Designers
Authors: family: Tanner
given: Kesler; family: Johnson
given: Naomi; family: Landay
given: James A.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: inspector tools, web development, designer web tools

Abstract: To better understand the issues designers face as they interact with developers and use developer tools to create websites, we conducted a formative investigation consisting of interviews, a survey, and an analysis of professional design documents. Based on insights gained from these efforts, we developed Poirot, a web inspection tool for designers that enables them to make style edits to websites using a familiar graphical interface. We compared Poirot to Chrome DevTools in a lab study with 16 design professionals. We observed common problems designers experience when using Chrome DevTools and found that when using Poirot, designers were more successful in accomplishing typical design tasks (97% to 63%). In addition, we found that Poirot had a significantly lower perceived cognitive load and was overwhelmingly preferred by the designers in our study.
Title: Understanding and Designing for Deaf or Hard of Hearing Drivers on Uber
Authors: family: Lee
given: Sooyeon; family: Hubert-Wallander
given: Bjorn; family: Stevens
given: Molly; family: Carroll
given: John M.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: communication, accessibility, uber, deaf or hard of hearing drivers

Abstract: We used content analysis of in-app driver survey responses, customer support tickets, and tweets, and face-to-face interviews of DHH Uber drivers to better understand the DHH driver experience. Here we describe challenges DHH drivers experience and how they address those difficulties via Uber's accessibility features and their own workarounds. We also identify and discuss design and product opportunities to improve the DHH driver experience on Uber.
Title: Street-Level Algorithms: A Theory at the Gaps Between Policy and Decisions
Authors: family: Alkhatib
given: Ali; family: Bernstein
given: Michael
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: street-level bureaucracies, street-level algorithms, artificial intelligence

Abstract: Errors and biases are earning algorithms increasingly malignant reputations in society. A central challenge is that algorithms must bridge the gap between high-level policy and on-the-ground decisions, making inferences in novel situations where the policy or training data do not readily apply. In this paper, we draw on the theory of street-level bureaucracies, how human bureaucrats such as police and judges interpret policy to make on-the-ground decisions. We present by analogy a theory of street-level algorithms, the algorithms that bridge the gaps between policy and decisions about people in a socio-technical system. We argue that unlike street-level bureaucrats, who reflexively refine their decision criteria as they reason through a novel situation, street-level algorithms at best refine their criteria only after the decision is made. This loop-and-a-half delay results in illogical decisions when handling new or extenuating circumstances. This theory suggests designs for street-level algorithms that draw on historical design patterns for street-level bureaucracies, including mechanisms for self-policing and recourse in the case of error.
Title: Cicero: Multi-Turn, Contextual Argumentation for Accurate Crowdsourcing
Authors: family: Chen
given: Quanze; family: Bragg
given: Jonathan; family: Chilton
given: Lydia B.; family: Weld
given: Dan S.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: dialog, crowdsourcing, argumentation

Abstract: Traditional approaches for ensuring high quality crowdwork have failed to achieve high-accuracy on difficult problems. Aggregating redundant answers often fails on the hardest problems when the majority is confused. Argumentation has been shown to be effective in mitigating these drawbacks. However, existing argumentation systems only support limited interactions and show workers general justifications, not context-specific arguments targeted to their reasoning. This paper presents Cicero, a new workflow that improves crowd accuracy on difficult tasks by engaging workers in multi-turn, contextual discussions through real-time, synchronous argumentation. Our experiments show that compared to previous argumentation systems which only improve the average individual worker accuracy by 6.8 percentage points on the Relation Extraction domain, our workflow achieves 16.7 percentage point improvement. Furthermore, previous argumentation approaches don't apply to tasks with many possible answers; in contrast, Cicero works well in these cases, raising accuracy from 66.7% to 98.8% on the Codenames domain.
Title: Personalising the TV Experience using Augmented Reality: An Exploratory Study on Delivering Synchronised Sign Language Interpretation
Authors: family: Vinayagamoorthy
given: Vinoba; family: Glancy
given: Maxine; family: Ziegler
given: Christoph; family: Schäffer
given: Richard
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: connected experiences, television, personalisation, augmented reality, accessibility, synchronisation, interaction techniques, sse, hololens, sign language, second screen, companion screen, hbbtv 2.0, bsl, dgs

Abstract: Augmented Reality (AR) technology has the potential to extend the screen area beyond the rigid frames of televisions. The additional display area can be used to augment televisions (TVs) with extra information tailored to individuals, for instance, the provision of access services like sign language interpretations. We invited 23 (11 in the UK, 12 in Germany) users of signed content to evaluate three methods of watching a sign language interpreted programme - one traditional in-vision method with signed programme content on TV and two AR-enabled methods in which an AR sign language interpreter (a 'half-body' version and a 'full-body' version) is projected just outside the frame of the TV presenting the programme. In the UK, participants were split 3-ways in their preferences while in Germany, half the participants preferred the traditional method followed closely by the 'half-body' version. We discuss our participants reasoning behind their preferences and implications for future research.