huashen218/convxai-cia-dataset huggingface dataset:
Title: Text Entry Throughput: Towards Unifying Speed and Accuracy in a Single Performance Metric
Authors: family: Zhang
given: Mingrui Ray; family: Zhai
given: Shumin; family: Wobbrock
given: Jacob O.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: human performance, speed-accuracy tradeoff, text entry, information theory, efficiency, throughput, accuracy, text input, speed

Abstract: Human-computer input performance inherently involves speed-accuracy tradeoffs---the faster users act, the more inaccurate those actions are. Therefore, comparing speeds and accuracies separately can result in ambiguous outcomes: Does a fast but inaccurate technique perform better or worse overall than a slow but accurate one? For pointing, speed and accuracy has been unified for over 60 years as throughput (bits/s) (Crossman 1957, Welford 1968), but to date, no similar metric has been established for text entry. In this paper, we introduce a text entry method-independent throughput metric based on Shannon information theory (1948). To explore the practical usability of the metric, we conducted an experiment in which 16 participants typed with a laptop keyboard using different cognitive sets, i.e., speed-accuracy biases. Our results show that as a performance metric, text entry throughput remains relatively stable under different speed-accuracy conditions. We also evaluated a smartphone keyboard with 12 participants, finding that throughput varied least compared to other text entry metrics. This work allows researchers to characterize text entry performance with a single unified measure of input efficiency.
Title: Is Now A Good Time? An Empirical Study of Vehicle-Driver Communication Timing
Authors: family: Semmens
given: Rob; family: Martelaro
given: Nikolas; family: Kaveti
given: Pushyami; family: Stent
given: Simon; family: Ju
given: Wendy
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: automotive, verbal interaction, navigation, datasets, timing, driving

Abstract: Advances in automotive sensing systems and speech interfaces provide new opportunities for smarter driving assistants or infotainment systems. For both safety and consumer satisfaction reasons, any new system which interacts with drivers must do so at appropriate times. We asked 63 drivers, ''Is now a good time?'' to receive non-driving information during a 50-minute drive. We analyzed 2,734 responses and synchronized automotive and video data, and show that while the chances of choosing a good time can be determined with better success using easily accessible automotive data, certain nuances in the problem require a richer understanding of the driver and environment states in order to achieve higher performance. We illustrate several of these nuances with quantitative and qualitative analyses to contribute to the understanding of how to design a system that might simultaneously minimize the risk of interacting at a bad time while maximizing the window of allowable interruption.
Title: A 2nd Person Social Perspective on Bodily Play
Authors: family: Mueller
given: Florian Floyd; family: Li
given: Zhuying; family: Byrne
given: Richard; family: Mehta
given: Yash Dhanpal; family: Arnold
given: Peter; family: Kari
given: Tuomas
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: play, whole-body interaction, social, exertion games

Abstract: Recent HCI work on digital games highlighted the advantage for designers to take on a 1st person perspective on the human body (referring to the phenomenological "lived" body) and a 3rd person perspective (the material "fleshy" body, similar to looking in the mirror). This is useful when designing bodily play, however, we note that there is not much game design discussion on the 2nd person social perspective that highlights the unique interplay between human bodies. To guide designers interested in supporting players to experience their bodies as play, we describe how game designers can engage with the 2nd person social perspective through a set of design tactics based on four of our own play systems. With our work, we hope we can aid designers in embracing this 2nd person perspective so that more people can benefit from engaging their bodies through games and play.
Title: Tracking the Consumption of Home Essentials
Authors: family: Fuentes
given: Carolina; family: Porcheron
given: Martin; family: Fischer
given: Joel E.; family: Costanza
given: Enrico; family: Malilk
given: Obaid; family: Ramchurn
given: Sarvapali D.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: iot, automation, autonomous agents, proactive technology, technology probe, domestic grocery shopping

Abstract: Predictions of people's behaviour increasingly drive interactions with a new generation of IoT services designed to support everyday life in the home, from shopping to heating. Based on the premise that such automation is difficult due to the contingent nature of people's practices, in this work we explore the nature of these contingencies in depth. We have designed and conducted a technology probe that made use of simple linear predictions as a provocation, and invited people to track the life of their household essentials over a two-month period. Through a mixed-method approach we demonstrate the challenges of simple predictions, and in turn identify eight categories of contingencies that influenced prediction accuracy. We discuss strategies for how designers of future predictive IoT systems may take the contingencies into account by removing, hiding, revealing, managing, or exploiting the system uncertainty at the core of the issue.
Title: Peripheral Notifications in Large Displays: Effects of Feature Combination and Task Interference
Authors: family: Mairena
given: Aristides; family: Gutwin
given: Carl; family: Cockburn
given: Andy
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: notification, visualization, popout, peripheral vision

Abstract: Visual notifications are integral to interactive computing systems. With large displays, however, much of the content is in the user's visual periphery, where human capacity to notice visual effects is diminished. One design strategy for enhancing noticeability is to combine visual features, such as motion and colour. Yet little is known about how feature combinations affect noticeability across the visual field, or about how peripheral noticeability changes when a user's primary task involves the same visual features as the notification. We addressed these questions by conducting two studies. Results of the first study showed that noticeability of feature combinations were approximately equal to the better of the individual features. Results of the second study suggest that there can be interference between the features of primary tasks and the visual features in the notifications. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how visual features operate when used as peripheral notifications.
Title: Pulp Friction: Exploring the Finger Pad Periphery for Subtle Haptic Feedback
Authors: family: Goguey
given: Alix; family: Sahoo
given: Deepak Ranjan; family: Robinson
given: Simon; family: Pearson
given: Jennifer; family: Jones
given: Matt
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: haptic, finger pad periphery

Abstract: Current haptic feedback techniques on handheld devices are applied to the finger pad or the palm of the user. These state-of-the-art approaches are coarse-grained and tend to be intrusive, rather than subtle. In contrast, we present a new feedback technique that applies stimuli around the periphery of the finger pulp, demonstrating how this can provide rich, nuanced haptic information. We use a reconfigurable haptic device employing a ferromagnetic marble for back-of-the device handheld use, which, for the first time, probes, without instrumenting the user, the periphery of the distal phalanx with localised stimulation. We present the design-space afforded by this new technique and evaluate the human-factors of finger-peripheral touch interaction in a controlled user-study. We report results with marbles of different diameters, speeds and a combination of poking, lateral vibration and patterns; present the resulting design guidelines for finger-periphery haptic feedback; and, illustrate its potential with use case scenarios.
Title: Development of a Checklist for the Prevention of Intradialytic Hypotension in Hemodialysis Care: Design Considerations Based on Activity Theory
Authors: family: Kuo
given: Pei-Yi; family: Saran
given: Rajiv; family: Argentina
given: Marissa; family: Heung
given: Michael; family: Bragg-Gresham
given: Jennifer L.; family: Chatoth
given: Dinesh; family: Gillespie
given: Brenda; family: Krein
given: Sarah; family: Wingard
given: Rebecca; family: Zheng
given: Kai; family: Veinot
given: Tiffany C.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: activity theory, clinicians, dialysis, co-design, checklist

Abstract: Hemodialysis is life-saving therapy for end-stage renal disease; yet, 20% of hemodialysis sessions are complicated by intradialytic hypotension ("IDH"). There is a need for approaches to preventing IDH that account for their implementation contexts. Using Activity Theory, we outline the design of a digital diagnostic checklist to identify patients at risk of IDH. Checklists were chosen a priori as an outcome due to prior evidence of effectiveness. Drawing on individual interviews with 20 clinicians and three focus groups with 17 patients, we describe four activity systems within hemodialysis care. We then outline a novel design process that includes co-design activities with clinicians, and four rapid-cycle iterations that progressively incorporated activity system elements into checklist design. We contribute a new type of checklist design to HCI: one that supports diagnostic thinking rather than consistent task completion. We further broaden checklist design by including a formal role for patients in checklist completion.
Title: Preemptive Action: Accelerating Human Reaction using Electrical Muscle Stimulation Without Compromising Agency
Authors: family: Kasahara
given: Shunichi; family: Nishida
given: Jun; family: Lopes
given: Pedro
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: electrical muscle stimulation, agency, human augmentation, reaction time

Abstract: We enable preemptive force-feedback systems to speed up human reaction time without fully compromising the user's sense of agency. Typically these interfaces actuate by means of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) or mechanical actuators; they preemptively move the user to perform a task, such as to improve movement performance (e.g., EMS-assisted drumming). Unfortunately, when using preemptive force-feedback users do not feel in control and loose their sense of agency. We address this by actuating the user's body, using EMS, within a particular time window (160 ms after visual stimulus), which we found to speed up reaction time by 80 ms in our first study. With this preemptive timing, when the user and system move congruently, the user feels that they initiated the motion, yet their reaction time is faster than usual. As our second study demonstrated, this particular timing significantly increased agency when compared to the current practice in EMS-based devices. We conclude by illustrating, using examples from the HCI literature, how to leverage our findings to provide more agency to automated haptic interfaces.
Title: An Exploratory Study on Visual Exploration of Model Simulations by Multiple Types of Experts
Authors: family: Boukhelifa
given: Nadia; family: Bezerianos
given: Anastasia; family: Trelea
given: Ioan Cristian; family: Perrot
given: Nathalie Méjean; family: Lutton
given: Evelyne
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: collaboration, visualization, common ground, trade-off analysis, expertise, model exploration, scatterplot matrix, insight, qualitative study

Abstract: Experts in different domains rely increasingly on simulation models of complex processes to reach insights, make decisions, and plan future projects. These models are often used to study possible trade-offs, as experts try to optimise multiple conflicting objectives in a single investigation. Understanding all the model intricacies, however, is challenging for a single domain expert. We propose a simple approach to support multiple experts when exploring complex model results. First, we reduce the model exploration space, then present the results on a shared interactive surface, in the form of a scatterplot matrix and linked views. To explore how multiple experts analyse trade-offs using this setup, we carried out an observational study focusing on the link between expertise and insight generation during the analysis process. Our results reveal the different exploration strategies and multi-storyline approaches that domain experts adopt during trade-off analysis, and inform our recommendations for collaborative model exploration systems.
Title: Protection, Productivity and Pleasure in the Smart Home: Emerging Expectations and Gendered Insights from Australian Early Adopters
Authors: family: Strengers
given: Yolande; family: Kennedy
given: Jenny; family: Arcari
given: Paula; family: Nicholls
given: Larissa; family: Gregg
given: Melissa
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: gender/identity, home, smart environments/connected home, ethnography

Abstract: Interest and uptake of smart home technologies has been lower than anticipated, particularly among women. Reporting on an academic-industry partnership, we present findings from an ethnographic study with 31 Australian smart home early adopters. The paper analyses these households' experiences in relation to three concepts central to Intel's ambient computing vision for the home: protection, productivity and pleasure, or 'the 3Ps'. We find that protection is a form of caregiving; productivity provides 'small conveniences', energy savings and multi-tasking possibilities; and pleasure is derived from ambient and aesthetic features, and the joy of 'playing around' with tech. Our analysis identifies three design challenges and opportunities for the smart home: internal threats to household protection; feminine desires for the smart home; and increased 'digital housekeeping'. We conclude by suggesting how HCI designers can and should respond to these gendered challenges.
Title: Keeping Rumors in Proportion: Managing Uncertainty in Rumor Systems
Authors: family: Krafft
given: Peter M.; family: Spiro
given: Emma S.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: rumors, misinformation, uncertainty, design

Abstract: The study of rumors has garnered wider attention as regulators and researchers turn towards problems of misinformation on social media. One goal has been to discover and implement mechanisms that promote healthy information ecosystems. Classically defined as regarding ambiguous situations, rumors pose the unique difficulty of intrinsic uncertainty around their veracity. Further complicating matters, rumors can serve the public when they do spread valuable true information. To address these challenges, we develop an approach that reifies "rumor proportions" as central to the theory of systems for managing rumors. We use this lens to advocate for systems that, rather than aiming to stifle rumors entirely or aiming to stop only false rumors, aim to prevent rumors from growing out of proportion relative to normative benchmark representations of intrinsic uncertainty.
Title: Understanding Life Transitions: A Case Study of Support Needs of Low-Income Mothers
Authors: family: Prabhakar
given: Annu Sible; family: Stolterman
given: Erik; family: Šabanović
given: Selma
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: support interventions, maternal health, ssa framework, optimal intervention point, strength-stress analysis framework, life transitions, motherhood

Abstract: Life transitions are an integral part of the human experience. However, research shows that lack of support during life transitions can result in adverse health outcomes. To better understand the support needs and structures of low-income women during transition to motherhood, we interviewed 10 women and their 14 supporters during the transition. Our findings suggest that support needs and structures of mothers evolve during transition, and that they also vary by socio-economic contexts. In this paper, we detail our study design and findings. Informed by our findings, we posit that all life-transitions are not the same, and that therefore, the optimal support intervention point varies for different life transitions. Currently there are no tools available to identify optimal support intervention points during life transitions. To this end, we also introduce a preliminary framework - the Strength-Stress-Analysis (SSA) framework - to identify optimal support intervention points during life-transitions.
Title: Online Grocery Delivery Services: An Opportunity to Address Food Disparities in Transportation-scarce Areas
Authors: family: Dillahunt
given: Tawanna R.; family: Simioni
given: Sylvia; family: Xu
given: Xuecong
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: food disparities, online grocery delivery, health

Abstract: Online grocery delivery services present new opportunities to address food disparities, especially in underserved areas. However, such services have not been systematically evaluated. This study evaluates such services' potential to provide healthy-food access and influence healthy-food purchases among individuals living in transportation-scarce and low-resource areas. We conducted a pilot experiment with 20 participants consisting of a randomly assigned group's 1-month use of an online grocery delivery service, and a control group's 1-month collection of grocery receipts, and a set of semi-structured interviews. We found that online grocery delivery services (a) serve as a feasible model to healthy-food access if they are affordable and amenable to multiple payment forms and (b) could lead to healthier selections. We contribute policy recommendations to bolster affordability of healthy-food access and design opportunities to promote healthy foods to support the adoption and use of these services among low-resource and transportation-scarce groups.
Title: Co-Created Personas: Engaging and Empowering Users with Diverse Needs Within the Design Process
Authors: family: Neate
given: Timothy; family: Bourazeri
given: Aikaterini; family: Roper
given: Abi; family: Stumpf
given: Simone; family: Wilson
given: Stephanie
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: vulnerable users, parkinson's disease, healthcare, aphasia, design, co-design, dementia, co-created personas

Abstract: Personas are powerful tools for designing technology and envisioning its usage. They are widely used to imagine archetypal users around whom to orient design work. We have been exploring co-created personas as a technique to use in co-design with users who have diverse needs. Our vision was that this would broaden the demographic and liberate co-designers of their personal relationship with a health condition. This paper reports three studies where we investigated using co-created personas with people who had Parkinson's disease, dementia or aphasia. Observational data of co-design sessions were collected and analysed. Findings revealed that the co-created personas encouraged users with diverse needs to engage with co-designing. Importantly, they also afforded additional benefits including empowering users within a more accessible design process. Reflecting on the outcomes from the different user groups, we conclude with a discussion of the potential for co-created personas to be applied more broadly.
Title: "Notjustgirls": Exploring Male-related Eating Disordered Content across Social Media Platforms
Authors: family: Pater
given: Jessica A.; family: Reining
given: Lauren E.; family: Miller
given: Andrew D.; family: Toscos
given: Tammy; family: Mynatt
given: Elizabeth D.
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: tumblr, bulimia, gender, twitter, instagram, anorexia, male, eating disorder, bigorexia, social media, manorexia

Abstract: Eating disorders (EDs) are a worldwide public health concern that impact approximately 10% of the U.S. population. Our previous research characterized these behaviors across online spaces. These characterizations have used clinical terminology, and their lexical variants, to identify ED content online. However, previous HCI research on EDs (including our own) suffers from a lack of gender and cultural diversity. In this paper, we designed a follow-up study of online ED characterizations, extending our previous methodologies to focus specifically on male/masculine-related content. We highlight the similarities and differences found in the terminology utilized and media archetypes associated with the social media content. Finally, we discuss other considerations highlighted through our analysis of the male-related content that is missing from the previous research.
Title: Technologies for Social Justice: Lessons from Sex Workers on the Front Lines
Authors: family: Strohmayer
given: Angelika; family: Clamen
given: Jenn; family: Laing
given: Mary
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: violence prevention, sex work, justice

Abstract: This paper provides analysis and insight from a collaborative process with a Canadian sex worker rights organization called Stella, l'amie de Maimie, where we reflect on the use of and potential for digital technologies in service delivery. We analyze the Bad Client and Aggressor List - a reporting tool co-produced by sex workers in the community and Stella staff to reduce violence against sex workers. We analyze its current and potential future formats as an artefact for communication, in a context of sex work criminalization and the exclusion of sex workers from traditional routes for reporting violence and accessing governmental systems for justice. This paper addresses a novel aspect of HCI research that relates to digital technologies and social justice. Reflecting on the Bad Client and Aggressor List, we discuss how technologies can interact with justice-oriented service delivery and develop three implications for design.
Title: Career Mentoring in Online Communities: Seeking and Receiving Advice from an Online Community
Authors: family: Tomprou
given: Maria; family: Dabbish
given: Laura; family: Kraut
given: Robert E.; family: Liu
given: Fannie
Venue: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keywords: career advice, online communities, employment, online mentoring interactions, working adults, q&a

Abstract: Although people frequently seek mentoring or advice for their career, most mentoring is performed in person. Little research has examined the nature and quality of career mentoring online. To address this gap, we study how people use online Q&A forums for career advice. We develop a taxonomy of career advice requests based on a qualitative analysis of posts in a career-related online forum, identifying three key types: best practices, career threats, and time-sensitive requests. Our quantitative analysis of responses shows that both requesters and external viewers value general information, encouragement, and guidance, but not role modeling. We found no relation between the type of requests and features of responses, nor differences in responses valued by requesters versus external viewers. We present design recommendations for supporting online career advice exchange.