college station an international team of astronomers has discovered a new exoplanet orbiting just one star in a two-star system a dynamic duo not only strikingly similar to our earth and sun but also key to the continuing evolution of planetary formation science the teams research published today in the july 4 edition of science details a planet twice the mass of earth and similar in its orbit as the primary component of a relatively close binary system which typically involves two stars orbiting each other as a pair according to texas a&m university astronomer and exoplanet expert darren depoy the planet is interesting because of the similarity with its mass and orbit relative to its star being about the same as ours depoy said because the star is much less luminous than the sun however the planet is cold the geometry of a gravitational microlensing event as illustrated by auckland observatory and microfun member grant christie in his 2009 paper the gravitational field of the lens magnifies the image of the source star and so brightens it while the presence of an exoplanet causes caustics closed contours that correspond to lines of nearly infinite magnification in the lens as christie explains a source star passing over or close to a caustic implies detection of a planet (credit: grant christie) darren depoy depoy says the planet called ogle-2013-blg-0341lbb is in the milky way galaxy in the disk about halfway to the center and quite a long way off about 3 000 light-years from earth we are observing the target with the spitzer space telescope which should allow us to determine a more precise distance given that the satellite is relatively far from the earth and has a different perspective on the event he added depoy director of texas a&ms charles r 62 and judith g munnerlyn astronomical instrumentation laboratory and a member of the george p and cynthia woods mitchell institute for fundamental physics and astronomy helped set up the teams observational network and build the instrumentation used for their measurements he joined the texas a&m faculty in 2008 as holder of the rachal-mitchell-heep endowed professorship in the department of physics and astronomy after an 18-year career at ohio state university home of the papers lead author andrew gould while depoy admits there are other similar to earth systems in the universe (although not many he is quick to add) he says this finding is unusual and unprecedented due to the new light it sheds on previous planetary formation models theory used to predict planets wouldnt form in binaries because the two stars would disrupt the material from which planets could form by not allowing that material to condense and to gravitate together depoy said this more or less demonstrates that is incorrect and gives the theorists something to think about when searching for planets and other such large bodies in deep space astronomers rely on a technique called microlensing which depoy explains is an observable phenomenon that occurs when light from a star that is very far away is bent toward us courtesy of other stars closer to us for this particular study the team used gravitational microlensing which allows low-mass exoplanets to be detected at large distances regardless of the amount of light they emit they obtained their data from a series of worldwide gravitational microlensing events as observed by astronomers at facilities across australia chile japan korea and new zealand depoy describes the discovery as nothing short of a world wonder the direct result of joint scholarly effort funded in part by the national science foundation and nasa among others and the pooled resources of four global microlensing survey groups: goulds ohio state-based microlensing follow up network (microfun); the warsaw-based optical gravitational lens experiment (ogle) team at las companas in chile; the microlensing observations in astrophysics (moa) team in new zealand; and the wise observatory team in israel three dozen scientists affiliated with nine international observatories and more than 20 international universities (including only two us-based institutions other than texas a&m and ohio state harvard university and the university of notre dame) were involved in the collaborative worldwide feat one of the best things about astronomy is its worldwide nature depoy said my contribution to all of this was to help get the instruments in place on telescopes of many different sizes around the world from little digital cameras on small amateur telescopes in new zealand to large sophisticated multi-color imagers at professional telescopes in chile we have since expanded this sort of activity to other arenas and we now have texas a&m students looking for planets using transits not microlensing in very young regions of our milky way galaxy for example as for the broader collaborative context for texas a&m astronomy depoy says the future is universally bright from the potential projects to eventual groundbreaking discoveries just last week six of us from texas a&m were at an international astronomical instrumentation conference in montreal where roughly 3 000 people from all over the world met to discuss ongoing and future projects depoy said one of [munnerlyn lab manager and senior research scientist] jennifer marshalls presentations involving several undergraduates who helped with the project was among the most popular pieces of work at the conference the giant magellan telescope [for which texas a&m is one of 10 partners] went over very well too to learn more about the munnerlyn astronomical laboratory and related research projects visit http://instrumentationtamuedu/ # # # # # # # # # # about research at texas a&m university: as one of the worlds leading research institutions texas a&m is in the vanguard in making significant contributions to the storehouse of knowledge including that of science and technology research conducted at texas a&m represents annual expenditures of more than $820 million that research creates new knowledge that provides basic fundamental and applied contributions resulting in many cases in economic benefits to the state nation and world to learn more visit http://researchtamuedu watch a related video simulation by io9 contributing editor george dvorsky on youtube: -atm- contact: shana k hutchins (979) 862-1237 or shutchins@sciencetamuedu or dr darren depoy (979) 862-2082 or depoy@physicstamuedu the post dynamic duo: astronomers detect cold earth-like planet orbiting dim sun-like star appeared first on texas a&m college of science